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Chen J, Wan J, Wu Y, Gan L, Li H, Zhou Y, Liu S, Luo L, Zhou H, Yin X, Chang J. The Association Between Personality Traits and Health-Related Quality of Life and the Mediating Role of Smoking: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e51416. [PMID: 38989838 PMCID: PMC11240240 DOI: 10.2196/51416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are positive and negative correlations in different directions between smoking, personality traits, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), where smoking may mask the pathway between personality traits and HRQOL. Understanding the masking pathway of smoking between personality traits and HRQOL can elucidate the mechanisms of smoking's psychosocial effects and provide new ideas for developing tobacco control strategies. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between Big Five personality traits and HRQOL and whether smoking mediates the relationship between them. Methods This was a cross-sectional study using data from 21,916 respondents from the 2022 Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents survey. Linear regression models were used to analyze the correlations between smoking, Big Five personality traits, and HRQOL while controlling for potential confounders. The mediating role of smoking on the association between Big Five Personality traits and HRQOL was analyzed using the Sobel-Goodman mediation test. Results Extraversion (β=.001; P=.04), agreeableness (β=.003; P<.001), and neuroticism (β=.003; P<.001) were positively correlated with HRQOL, whereas openness was negatively correlated with HRQOL (β=-.001; P=.003). Smoking was associated with a decrease in HRQOL and mediated the positive effect of HRQOL on extraversion (z=-2.482; P=.004), agreeableness (z=-2.264; P=.02), and neuroticism (z=-3.230; P=.001). Subgroup analyses further showed that smoking mediated the effect of neuroticism on HRQOL in the population with chronic illnesses (z=-2.724; P=.006), and in the population without chronic illnesses, smoking contributed to the effect of HRQOL on extraversion (z=-2.299; P=.02), agreeableness (z=-2.382; P=.02), and neuroticism (z=-2.213; P=.03). Conclusions This study provided evidence that there is a correlation between personality traits and HRQOL. It also found that smoking plays a role in mediating the connection between personality traits and HRQOL. The development of future tobacco control strategies should consider the unique traits of each individual's personality, highlighting the significance of extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyun Chen
- Center for WHO Studies and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahuan Wan
- Center for WHO Studies and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Li Gan
- Center for WHO Studies and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haomiao Li
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Operation Management Department, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Luo
- Guangzhou Huangpu District Hongshan Street Community Health Service Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haozheng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanhao Yin
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Chang
- Center for WHO Studies and Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hill PL, Pfund GN, Cruitt PJ, Spears I, Norton SA, Bogdan R, Oltmanns TF. Personality traits moderate associations between word recall and subjective memory. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:705-722. [PMID: 37665355 PMCID: PMC11139457 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2249195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive gerontology research requires consideration of performance as well as perceptions of performance. While subjective memory is positively associated with memory performance, these correlations typically are modest in magnitude, leading to the need to consider whether certain people may show weaker or stronger linkages between performance and perceptions. The current study leveraged personality (NEO Big Five), memory performance (i.e., word recall), and perceptions of memory ability (i.e., metamemory in adulthood and memory decline) data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) study (n = 774, mean age: 71.52 years). Extraversion and conscientiousness held the most consistent associations with the cognitive variables of interest, as both traits were positively associated with metamemory and word recall, but negatively associated with subjective decline. Moreover, extraversion moderated associations between word recall and both memory capacity and complaints, insofar that objective-subjective associations were weaker for those adults higher in extraversion. These findings highlight the need to understand how personality influences the sources of information employed for subjective cognitive beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L Hill
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gabrielle N Pfund
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Isaiah Spears
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sara A Norton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas F Oltmanns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Weiss A, Luciano M, Aluja A. Associations Between a General Factor and Group Factor from the Spanish-Language Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Form's Neuroticism Scale and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory Domains and Facets. J Pers Assess 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38457531 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2024.2307885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Prior studies used exploratory bifactor analyses to examine the structure of the Neuroticism scale from the Short-scale Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-RS). These studies revealed a general factor and two group factors-Anxious-Tense and Worried-Vulnerable. These factors were related to poorer mental health, but their associations with physical health differed, as did their genetic and neurobiological underpinnings. A later study found that their associations with the Big Five Inventory-2 Short Form's factors and facets differed. We reanalyzed data on 1,006 Spanish students who completed Spanish-language versions of the EPQ-RS and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R). Using confirmatory factor analysis, we showed that a model comprising the general factor and a group factor-Anxious-Tense-fit well. In later correlations, a joint factor analysis, and simultaneous multiple regressions, we showed that the EPQ-RS's general factor and the group factor had different patterns of associations with the NEO PI-R domains and facets. These associations were consistent with the definition of the EPQ-RS Neuroticism scale's general factor and that of the group factor. Further investigation into the EPQ-RS Neuroticism scale's structure can improve our understanding of neuroticism's relationship with health and other outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weiss
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh
| | - Anton Aluja
- Department of Psychology, Universitat de Lleida, and Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research
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Atherton OE, Willroth EC, Weston SJ, Mroczek DK, Graham EK. Longitudinal associations among the Big Five personality traits and healthcare utilization in the U.S. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116494. [PMID: 38101170 PMCID: PMC11065195 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One critical component of individual and public health is healthcare utilization, or the extent to which individuals have routine check-ups, schedule treatments, or use emergency services. However, we know little about who uses healthcare services and what types, the conditions that exacerbate utilization, or the factors that explain why people seek out services. The present study fills these gaps in the literature by investigating the role of personality factors in predicting various forms of healthcare utilization, how these associations vary by age, socioeconomic resources, and chronic conditions, as well as one potential psychological mediating mechanism (i.e., sense of control). METHODS We use data from a large longitudinal sample of Americans (N = 7108), with three assessments spanning 20 years. Participants reported on their Big Five personality traits using the Midlife Development Inventory, healthcare utilization across three domains (routine visits, scheduled treatment, urgent care), age, income, insurance, chronic conditions, and sense of control. RESULTS Multilevel models showed that people who were more agreeable and neurotic tended to use more healthcare services. Moreover, on occasions when people were more extraverted and open, they tended to use more healthcare services. There were several nuances in personality-healthcare utilization associations depending on the type of healthcare service, age, and socioeconomic resources. Longitudinal mediation analyses demonstrated sense of control as one mechanism linking personality traits to healthcare utilization in the U.S. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of interactions between individuals and structural systems for promoting the health of aging U.S. Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia E Atherton
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Emily C Willroth
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sara J Weston
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Daniel K Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen K Graham
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pyykkö JE, Hinnen C, Aydin Ö, Nieuwdorp M, De Brauw LM, Bruin SC, van Olst N, Gerdes VEA, Sanderman R, Hagedoorn M. Attachment style and post-bariatric surgery health behaviours: the mediating role of self-esteem and health self-efficacy. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:248. [PMID: 37626349 PMCID: PMC10464092 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attachment avoidance and anxiety have been linked to overweight and poor health behaviours, yet the mechanisms that underpin the relationship between attachment and health behaviours are not fully understood. Self-esteem and self-efficacy have been found to differ between attachment styles, rendering these variables potential mediators of the relationship. This longitudinal study investigated the serial mediation between preoperative attachment and 2-year post-operative health behaviours through self-esteem and health self-efficacy. METHODS Participants were 263 bariatric surgery patients (75.7% females, aged 47.7 ± 10.4 years, BMI 38.9 ± 3.6 kg/m2) assessed before the operation and again one and two years after the surgery. Patients completed the Experiences for Close Relationships Brief Scale, Rosenberg Self-esteem scale, Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Questionnaire, Bariatric Surgery Self-Management Questionnaire, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale and the Exercise Behaviour Scale. RESULTS Higher preoperative attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with lower self-esteem one year after bariatric surgery and poorer health self-efficacy two years after the surgery. Self-esteem and health self-efficacy mediated the relationships between preoperative anxious and avoidant attachment and 2- year post-operative diet adherence and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Helping patients to feel more worthy and reinforcing their beliefs about their own competences could lead to higher engagement with healthy lifestyle and adherence to treatment protocols, ultimately helping patients to achieve their goals for bariatric surgery. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION BARIA: Netherlands Trial Register: NL5837 (NTR5992) https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/5837 . Diabaria: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT03330756.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Eveliina Pyykkö
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands.
| | - Chris Hinnen
- LUMC Oncology Centre, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ömrüm Aydin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Maurits De Brauw
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd C Bruin
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke van Olst
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Victor E A Gerdes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Spaarne Gasthuis, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert Sanderman
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Mariët Hagedoorn
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
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Hunt A, Martyr A, Gamble LD, Morris RG, Thom JM, Pentecost C, Clare L. The associations between personality traits and quality of life, satisfaction with life, and well-being over time in people with dementia and their caregivers: findings from the IDEAL programme. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:354. [PMID: 37280511 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional evidence indicates that certain personality traits may influence how well people with dementia and their caregivers are able to live alongside the condition. However, no studies to date have explored these associations longitudinally. The present study aimed to explore whether each of the Five-Factor personality traits were associated with change over two years in perceptions of 'living well' for people with dementia and their caregivers. 'Living well' was conceptualized as a composite of quality of life, satisfaction with life, and subjective well-being. METHODS Data were analyzed from 1487 people with dementia and 1234 caregivers who took part in the IDEAL cohort. Participants were categorized into low, medium, and high groups for each trait using stanine scores. Latent growth curve models investigated associations between these groups and 'living well' scores for each trait at baseline and at 12 and 24 months. Covariates included cognition in people with dementia and stress in caregivers. A Reliable Change Index was calculated against which to evaluate changes in 'living well' scores over time. RESULTS At baseline, neuroticism was negatively associated with 'living well' scores for people with dementia, while conscientiousness, extraversion, openness, and agreeableness were positively associated. For caregivers, neuroticism was negatively associated with 'living well' scores at baseline while conscientiousness and extraversion were positively associated. 'Living well' scores were mostly stable over time with no influence of personality traits on observed changes. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that personality traits, particularly neuroticism, have a meaningful impact on how people with dementia and caregivers rate their capability to 'live well' at baseline. Over time 'living well' scores for each personality trait group were largely stable. Studies utilizing longer follow-up periods and more appropriate measures of personality are needed to corroborate and extend the findings of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hunt
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Anthony Martyr
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
| | - Laura D Gamble
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Robin G Morris
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jeanette M Thom
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire Pentecost
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Linda Clare
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- NIHR Applied Research Collaboration South-West Peninsula, Exeter, UK
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Gutiérrez F, Valdesoiro F. The evolution of personality disorders: A review of proposals. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1110420. [PMID: 36793943 PMCID: PMC9922784 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1110420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality disorders (PDs) are currently considered dysfunctions. However, personality differences are older than humanity and are ubiquitous in nature, from insects to higher primates. This suggests that a number of evolutionary mechanisms-other than dysfunctions-may be able to maintain stable behavioral variation in the gene pool. First of all, apparently maladaptive traits may actually improve fitness by enabling better survival or successful mating or reproduction, as exemplified by neuroticism, psychopathy, and narcissism. Furthermore, some PDs may harm important biological goals while facilitating others, or may be globally beneficial or detrimental depending on environmental circumstances or body condition. Alternatively, certain traits may form part of life history strategies: Coordinated suites of morphological, physiological and behavioral characters that optimize fitness through alternative routes and respond to selection as a whole. Still others may be vestigial adaptations that are no longer beneficial in present times. Finally, variation may be adaptative in and by itself, as it reduces competition for finite resources. These and other evolutionary mechanisms are reviewed and illustrated through human and non-human examples. Evolutionary theory is the best-substantiated explanatory framework across the life sciences, and may shed light on the question of why harmful personalities exist at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gutiérrez
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institute of Neuroscience, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Tsur N, Talmon A. Post-Traumatic Orientation to Bodily Signals: A Systematic Literature Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:174-188. [PMID: 34159853 DOI: 10.1177/15248380211025237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical literature suggests that trauma and (PTSD) may instigate changes in the interpretation of bodily signals. Some findings support these inquiries, revealing that exposure to traumatic events and PTSD are associated with pain catastrophizing, body vigilance, fear of pain, and other manifestations of bodily perceptions and interpretations. However, these findings are not integrated into an inclusive empirically based conceptualization, thus leading to a limited comprehension of this phenomenon. This systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize the existing literature referring to orientation to bodily signals. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the review included a final of 48 manuscripts that addressed orientation to bodily signals among participants (aged 18 and above) and its potential associations with PTSD. The review revealed that most studies assessed one orientation manifestation, which was tested for its link to PTSD. The majority of the manuscripts were cross-sectional and included participants who faced combat, vehicle accidents, or various types of traumas. Only five manuscripts focused on interpersonal trauma and abuse. Most manuscripts reported significant correlations, revealing that trauma and PTSD are associated with a negative, catastrophic and frightful interpretation of bodily signals. These findings emphasize the need to encapsulate the various manifestations of orientation to bodily signals under a unified construct, as proposed by the term post-traumatic orientation to bodily signals. Further research is needed to illuminate the circumstances and processes by which trauma is implicated in post-traumatic orientation to bodily signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noga Tsur
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ada Talmon
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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Moran JB, Miller TJ. Goals and good health: Undergraduates' goals for avoiding COVID-19. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 188:111452. [PMID: 34931099 PMCID: PMC8673724 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We observed COVID-19 concern during goal pursuit data collection, where some undergraduates self-reported COVID-19 specific goals. Thus, we analyzed the individual difference in students who self-reported COVID-19 specific goals in this current exploratory study. The results revealed (N = 496) that there were no differences in those who reported COVID-19 goals with their self-reporting of the Five-Factor Model. Additionally, participant's most reported goal was to 1) not contract COVID-19, 2) be social during COVID-19, and 3) follow health and safety protocols. This study provides researchers with both qualitative and quantitative evidence about college students' concern with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Moran
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States of America
| | - Travis J Miller
- Department of Psychology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States of America
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Turk E, Čelik T, Smrdu M, Šet J, Kuder A, Gregorič M, Kralj-Fišer S. Adherence to COVID-19 mitigation measures: The role of sociodemographic and personality factors. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:7771-7787. [PMID: 34334989 PMCID: PMC8310408 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic caught the decision makers in many countries sub-optimally prepared to respond. To better cope with similar situations in the future, it is vital to understand the major predictors of health-beneficial behavior and adherence to imposed mitigation measures and guidelines. To tailor the promotion of government-imposed measures, it is important to understand how the sociodemographic background combined with personality traits affect the perception and responsiveness of people. We investigated the perception and adherence to mitigation measures during the pandemic by examining their trends across several sociodemographic categories and personality dimensions. The strongest predictors of confidence in the preventive measures and their implementation were the participants' concern of infection and concern of infecting their loved ones, followed by gender and age. Education, settlement size, field and type of employment, household type, own medical problems, and the age and health of the participants' loved ones had a smaller influence on the perceived guidelines importance and implementation. Adherence to measures was positively related to the participants' score in conscientiousness and, in lesser extent, openness. Agreeableness, energy, and emotional stability correlated positively with adherence to basic guidelines. Study provides information useful for developing and adapting future public health policies and interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-021-02051-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Turk
- Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tatjana Čelik
- Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Smrdu
- Department of Psychology, The Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Janko Šet
- Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Kuder
- Department of Psychology, The Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Gregorič
- Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Kralj-Fišer
- Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Psychology, The Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
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Li QF, Ma QW, Zhu CH, Chen JB, Liang SW, Cai CC, Zhao JB. Neuroticism and patients’ depressive symptoms: a moderated mediation model of illness perception and patient-physician trust. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01918-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Herchenroeder L, Mezquita L, Bravo AJ, Pilatti A, Prince MA, Study Team CCA. A cross-national examination of cannabis protective behavioral strategies' role in the relationship between Big Five personality traits and cannabis outcomes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 48:27-37. [PMID: 34134573 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1919689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Problematic cannabis use is common among young adults across the world. However, limited research has examined whether etiological models predicting negative consequences are universal.Objective: The present study examined whether the Five-Factor Model of personality (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) relates to cannabis outcomes via use of cannabis protective behavioral strategies (PBS) in a cross-national sample of college student cannabis users (i.e., used cannabis in the last 30 days).Method: Participants were 1175 university students (63.27% female) across five countries (United States, Argentina, Spain, Uruguay, and the Netherlands) recruited to complete an online survey.Results: PBS use mediated the associations between personality traits and cannabis consequences, such that higher conscientiousness (β = .20), agreeableness (β = .11), and lower emotional stability [i.e., higher neuroticism] (β = -.14) were associated with more PBS use. Higher PBS use was, in turn, associated with lower frequency of cannabis use (β = -.32); lower frequency of use was then associated with fewer cannabis consequences (β = .34). This sequential pathway was invariant across sex, but not countries. Notably, there were a number of differences in links between PBS and cannabis outcomes when comparing countries (e.g., negative associations in the US sample, but positive associations in the Argentina sample).Conclusions: Cannabis PBS mediates the relationship between personality traits and cannabis outcomes, but there are nuanced differences across countries (i.e., relationship between PBS and cannabis outcomes). Overall, students that are low in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism and/or report low rates of PBS use may benefit from cannabis PBS-focused interventions that promote utilization of PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Herchenroeder
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Castellón, Spain
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Argentina
| | - Mark A Prince
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Fukuhara-Makiyama N, Hayashida M, Kobayashi M, Sagara I, Ogawa S, Maeda M, Shirabe S. Personality traits and BMI trends over three years in Japanese university students. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248833. [PMID: 33750962 PMCID: PMC7984644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Europe and America, associations between personality traits and body-mass index (BMI) have been reported. However, in Japan, the association between personality traits and BMI (i.e., thinness and obesity) has not been well studied. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) personality traits and changes in BMI status among Japanese students during their university attendance. We measured the height and weight of 5,340 students in a Japanese university during annual medical checkups and calculated their BMI. The students' personality traits were measured using the short Japanese version of the TCI at university admission. The participants were divided into seven groups based on how BMI changed from the first year to the fourth year at university. In men, compared to the group that maintained normal BMI status (N = 2,189) over time (i.e., the control group), the group that maintained thinness status (N = 226) were lower in Reward Dependence, and the group whose status improved from thinness to normal (N = 117) were higher in Harm Avoidance. In women, compared with the control group (N = 1,510), the group that maintained thinness status (N = 302) was lower in Novelty Seeking, and the group whose status worsened from normal to thinness (N = 127) was higher in Harm Avoidance. Weak associations were found between thinness and TCI personality traits among Japanese university students. Further elaboration of the relationship between obesity or thinness and personality traits may help to provide effective preventive interventions in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Fukuhara-Makiyama
- Unit of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Health and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Hayashida
- Unit of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Health and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masakazu Kobayashi
- Unit of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Health and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ikuko Sagara
- Center for Health and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sayaka Ogawa
- Center for Health and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Maeda
- Center for Health and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Shirabe
- Unit of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Health and Community Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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The Relationship of Personality and Behavior Change in a Physical Activity Intervention: The Role of Conscientiousness and Healthy Neuroticism. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020; 166. [PMID: 32831447 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the role of personality traits in a 5-week physical activity intervention study for working adults. We tested whether personality traits predicted individual differences in change in daily steps over time. Fifty-two participants ages 35 to 69 (M age = 49.71, SD = 8.64) wore a Fitbit Zip step counter for 35 days and completed a personality questionnaire. Participants were randomly assigned to either an implementation intention group or a control group. Both groups wore a Fitbit and had the goal to increase their daily steps. For the present study, the sample was collapsed across groups. Higher conscientiousness was associated with greater increases in daily steps. Also, individuals with healthy neuroticism, the combination of higher neuroticism and higher conscientiousness, showed greater increases in daily steps. The findings highlight that the efficacy of physical activity interventions may depend on personality traits. Intervention outcomes may be improved if personality is taken into account when designing the programs.
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Obels P, Lakens D, Coles NA, Gottfried J, Green SA. Analysis of Open Data and Computational Reproducibility in Registered Reports in Psychology. ADVANCES IN METHODS AND PRACTICES IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2515245920918872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ongoing technological developments have made it easier than ever before for scientists to share their data, materials, and analysis code. Sharing data and analysis code makes it easier for other researchers to reuse or check published research. However, these benefits will emerge only if researchers can reproduce the analyses reported in published articles and if data are annotated well enough so that it is clear what all variable and value labels mean. Because most researchers are not trained in computational reproducibility, it is important to evaluate current practices to identify those that can be improved. We examined data and code sharing for Registered Reports published in the psychological literature from 2014 to 2018 and attempted to independently computationally reproduce the main results in each article. Of the 62 articles that met our inclusion criteria, 41 had data available, and 37 had analysis scripts available. Both data and code for 36 of the articles were shared. We could run the scripts for 31 analyses, and we reproduced the main results for 21 articles. Although the percentage of articles for which both data and code were shared (36 out of 62, or 58%) and the percentage of articles for which main results could be computationally reproduced (21 out of 36, or 58%) were relatively high compared with the percentages found in other studies, there is clear room for improvement. We provide practical recommendations based on our observations and cite examples of good research practices in the studies whose main results we reproduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepijn Obels
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology
| | - Daniël Lakens
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology
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Weiss A, Deary IJ. A New Look at Neuroticism: Should We Worry So Much About Worrying? CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721419887184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
People with higher levels of neuroticism seem to have drawn the short straw of personality. However, there are multiple ways to score highly in neuroticism. Analyses of the short scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised in three large data sets have revealed that higher neuroticism can mean having elevated scores on all items, elevated scores mainly on items related to anxiety and tension, or elevated scores mainly on items related to worry and vulnerability. Epidemiological and molecular genetic studies have revealed that people in the first group are at greater risk for poorer mental and physical health but that people in the latter two groups, especially those beset by worry and feelings of vulnerability, have better physical health. These findings suggest that future research on neuroticism and health should focus on different ways that people can exhibit high neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weiss
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh
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17
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Weiss A, Gale CR, Čukić I, Batty GD, McIntosh AM, Deary IJ. Conditioning on a Collider May or May Not Explain the Relationship Between Lower Neuroticism and Premature Mortality in the Study by Gale et al. (2017): A Reply to Richardson, Davey Smith, and Munafò (2019). Psychol Sci 2019; 30:633-638. [PMID: 30794485 PMCID: PMC6472143 DOI: 10.1177/0956797619833325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Weiss
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, School of
Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - Catharine R. Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, School of
Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit,
University of Southampton
| | - Iva Čukić
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, School of
Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
| | - G. David Batty
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Department of Epidemiology & Public
Health, University College London
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of
Edinburgh
| | - Ian J. Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and
Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Department of Psychology, School of
Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh
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18
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Weston SJ, Hill PL, Edmonds GW, Mroczek DK, Hampson SE. No Evidence of "healthy neuroticism" in the Hawaii Personality and Health Cohort. Ann Behav Med 2019; 53:426-441. [PMID: 30010702 PMCID: PMC6330156 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterogeneity in the effects of trait neuroticism on mortality has inspired recent theories of "healthy neuroticism," or the possibility that neuroticism can lead people down either healthy or unhealthy behavioral pathways. The logical extension of this theory is that some construct-perhaps another trait, financial resource, or health-relevant situation-changes the relationship between neuroticism and health. The other possibility is that different components of neuroticism lead to different health behaviors and therefore different outcomes. PURPOSE The current study systematically examines the relationship between child and adult neuroticism and various health indicators including perceptions of health, behaviors, health outcomes, and biomarkers of health. Finally, we examine both potential moderators of the associations with neuroticism and examine its facet structure. METHODS The current study utilizes data from the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health, which includes both adult (IPIP-NEO) and childhood (teacher-reported) measures of personality and socioeconomic status, as well as a variety of health outcomes, from self-reported health and health behavior to biological markers, such as cholesterol and blood glucose levels. Sample sizes range from 299 to 518. RESULTS The relationship between neuroticism and health was not consistently moderated by any other variable, nor were facets of neuroticism differentially related to health. CONCLUSIONS Despite a systematic investigation of the potential "paths" which may differentiate the relationship of neuroticism to health, no evidence of healthy neuroticism was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara J Weston
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick L Hill
- Psychological and Brain Sciences Department, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Daniel K Mroczek
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
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Altschul DM, Hopkins WD, Herrelko ES, Inoue-Murayama M, Matsuzawa T, King JE, Ross SR, Weiss A. Personality links with lifespan in chimpanzees. eLife 2018; 7:e33781. [PMID: 30296994 PMCID: PMC6177254 DOI: 10.7554/elife.33781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history strategies for optimizing individual fitness fall on a spectrum between maximizing reproductive efforts and maintaining physical health over time. Strategies across this spectrum are viable and different suites of personality traits evolved to support these strategies. Using data from 538 captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) we tested whether any of the dimensions of chimpanzee personality - agreeableness, conscientiousness, dominance, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness - were associated with longevity, an attribute of slow life history strategies that is especially important in primates given their relatively long lives. We found that higher agreeableness was related to longevity in males, with weaker evidence suggesting that higher openness is related to longer life in females. Our results link the literature on human and nonhuman primate survival and suggest that, for males, evolution has favored the protective effects of low aggression and high quality social bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Altschul
- Department of PsychologySchool of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Scottish Primate Research GroupUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive EpidemiologyEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - William D Hopkins
- Neuroscience InstituteGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Division of Developmental and Cognitive NeurosciencesYerkes National Primate Research CenterAtlantaUnited States
| | - Elizabeth S Herrelko
- National Zoological Park, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States
- Psychology DivisionUniversity of StirlingStirlingUnited Kingdom
| | - Miho Inoue-Murayama
- Wildlife Research CenterKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Wildlife Genome Collaborative Research GroupNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
| | - Tetsuro Matsuzawa
- Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Primate Research InstituteKyoto UniversityInuyamaJapan
- Japan Monkey CentreInuyamaJapan
| | - James E King
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Stephen R Ross
- Lester E. Fisher Center for the Study and Conservation of ApesLincoln Park ZooChicagoUnited States
| | - Alexander Weiss
- Department of PsychologySchool of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Scottish Primate Research GroupUnited Kingdom
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