1
|
McCabe BE, Scott J, Wilks S, de Dios M, Gonzalez-Guarda RM. Acculturation, acculturative stress, and tobacco/nicotine use of Latin American immigrants. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39033306 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2024.2379489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE US Hispanics have several health disparities, greater tobacco/nicotine-related illnesses, lower access to smoking cessation, and lower rates of cessation. Understanding cultural constructs linked to tobacco/nicotine use may provide a greater understanding of future cultural adaptations of cessation interventions. This study used a multidimensional acculturation framework, with cultural practices, identity, and values, to test links between measures of acculturation stress, multidimensional acculturation (language-based enculturation and acculturation, cultural identity, familism), and tobacco/nicotine use, and interactions with gender. DESIGN Participants were 391 adult Latin American immigrants (69% women); 12% self-reported tobacco/nicotine use in the past six months. RESULTS Path analysis showed acculturative stress, β = .16, and acculturation, β = .20, were positively related to tobacco/nicotine use. Enculturation, familism, and Hispanic cultural identity were not related to tobacco/nicotine use. There were no significant acculturation by enculturation or gender interactions, but women were less likely to use tobacco/nicotine than men, β = -.36. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that tobacco/nicotine cessation interventions for Latino immigrants may be enhanced with an emphasis on the mitigation of acculturative stress, attention to the adoption of US cultural practices, and gender. Future research should examine specific sources of acculturative stress or social norms related to tobacco/nicotine use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian E McCabe
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jewel Scott
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shirnelle Wilks
- Department of Special Education, Rehabilitation, and Counseling, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Marcel de Dios
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pilatti A, Correa P, Michelini Y, Bravo AJ, Pacini G, Pautassi RM. The Association Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use via Emotional Psychopathology and Coping Motives in Argentinian College Students. Subst Use Misuse 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38956825 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2370026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Background: Prior studies suggest that lower levels of mindfulness contribute to the motivation of using alcohol to cope with distress. Research examining this possibility is scarce or limited to alcohol, but not marijuana, related outcomes. Objectives: We examined separate models (for alcohol and for marijuana) to determine the associations between trait mindfulness (describing, acting with awareness, non-judging, non-reactivity) and alcohol and marijuana outcomes (use indicators and negative consequences) via emotional psychopathology (i.e., a latent variable assessing symptoms of depression and anxiety) and alcohol/marijuana coping motives. Results: The final analytic sample consisted of 456 participants (Mean age = 22.96 ± 3.12 years; 66.2% women) for the alcohol model; and 232 participants (Mean age = 22.96 ± 3.01 years; 66.2% women) for the marijuana model. Two path models were conducted, such that indirect paths were examined for each trait mindfulness facet on alcohol/marijuana outcomes (e.g., describing → emotional psychopathology → alcohol coping motives → binge drinking frequency). Within the comprehensive alcohol model, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging and non-reactivity were associated with less binge drinking frequency and lower number of alcohol-related negative consequences via lower severity of emotional psychopathology symptoms and lower endorsement of drinking to cope motives. For the marijuana model, describing, acting with awareness, and non-judging of inner experience were associated with less marijuana quantity (grams) consumed and lower number of marijuana-related negative consequences via lower severity of emotional psychopathology symptoms and lower endorsement of marijuana coping motives. Conclusions: Prevention and intervention programs of alcohol and marijuana in Argentina may benefit from improving mindfulness skills and targeting emotional psychopathology and motives to use drugs, to prevent or reduce negative drug-related consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Correa
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina Michelini
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adrian J Bravo
- Department of Psychological Sciences, William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Gianpiero Pacini
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo M Pautassi
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gex KS, Leone RM, Aungst J, Branson K, Gray KM, Tomko RL. Identifying brief intervention factors to improve cannabis related outcomes in adolescents and young adults: A systematic review of sample characteristics and intervention components. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2024; 161:209335. [PMID: 38490335 PMCID: PMC11090745 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2024.209335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior systematic and meta-analytic reviews observed mixed evidence for the efficacy of cannabis brief interventions (BIs). Inconsistent support for cannabis BIs may be the result of intersecting methodological factors, including intervention structure and content, participant eligibility criteria, and outcome assessment measures. The current systematic review of cannabis BI studies narratively synthesizes these data to guide intervention development decision-making in future cannabis BI studies (PROSPERO CRD42022285990). METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases in January 2022 and again in June 2023 to capture newly published studies. Studies were included if they were a randomized trial, enrolled adolescents (13-17) and/or young adults (18-30), specified cannabis use and/or problems inclusion criteria, and evaluated a cannabis BI (defined as ≤4 sessions). We extracted and synthesized data on intervention characteristics (e.g., components, length/duration, modality), cannabis inclusion criteria and recruitment setting, baseline cannabis use descriptives and treatment-seeking status, and outcome assessment measures to discern if/how they may intersect to determine intervention efficacy. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 assessed study quality. RESULTS Our search resulted in a final sample of 25 study records including 4094 participants. Recruitment setting seemed to provide an influential backdrop for how well inclusion criteria determined baseline cannabis use level, as well as for the type/length of the BI evaluated. Motivational interviewing (MI) and personalized feedback (PF) were the most frequently used BI components overall; however, some differences were observed in the proportion of BIs with reported intervention effects using MI vs. PF. Frequency of use days was the most commonly used outcome measure, although this may not be the most sensitive measure for assessing cannabis BI efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review indicates that cannabis BI studies require greater precision in their design, giving special attention to matching the content and structure of the BI to the needs of the target population and selecting outcomes commensurate to the goals of the BI and the target population to more accurately reflect the efficacy of the BI. However, consistent with prior reviews, all included studies demonstrated at least some concerns for risk of bias, and most were at high risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S Gex
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
| | - Ruschelle M Leone
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jenna Aungst
- DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, United States
| | - Kevin Branson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Rachel L Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singtakaew A, Chaimongkol N, Puangladda S, Wongpiromsarn Y. Effects of the mindfulness program for male substance abusers in Thailand on stress, deliberate self-harm, and drug abstinence intention: A repeated-measure design. BELITUNG NURSING JOURNAL 2024; 10:231-239. [PMID: 38690307 PMCID: PMC11056840 DOI: 10.33546/bnj.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Substance abuse is prevalent among males, and mindfulness could serve as a means of helping individuals suffering from the adverse effects of substance abuse find relief. Objective This study employed a one-group repeated-measure design and aimed to evaluate the effects of the mindfulness program on stress, deliberate self-harm, and drug abstinence intention among male substance abusers. Methods The mindfulness program was implemented for Thai males with a history of narcotic drug use. Five participants were recruited from a rehabilitation institute in Thailand using convenience sampling. The program consisted of eight sessions over four weeks. The study outcomes were measured at three time points: pre-intervention (Time 1, Week 1), post-intervention (Time 2, Week 4), and follow-up (Time 3, Week 6). Research instruments included the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Drug Abstinence Intention Questionnaire, all of which had Cronbach's alpha values above 0.80. Data analysis was carried out using the Friedman test and Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results The eight-session program was implemented as intended, with a retention rate of 100%. The mean scores of deliberate self-harm and drug abstinence intention were significantly different across the three time points (χ2 = 10.000 and χ2 = 9.579, p <0.01, respectively). After conducting pairwise comparisons, the mean scores of deliberate self-harm at Time 2 and Time 3 were significantly lower than those at Time 1. Additionally, the mean scores of drug abstinence intention at Time 2 and Time 3 were higher than those at Time 1. However, the mean score of stress did not have a significant difference. Conclusion This program was both acceptable and effective in reducing deliberate self-harm and improving drug abstinence intention. These findings suggest that nurses and healthcare teams involved in caring for individuals with substance abuse issues could utilize this intervention alongside other therapies or hospital treatments. Consequently, relapse prevention among substance abusers could be achieved.Thai Clinical Trials Registry Number: TCTR20230404001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Skaorat Puangladda
- Srithanya Hospital, Department of Mental health, Ministry of Public health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baumann I, Kalmar J, Gruber E, Blanck P, Vonderlin E, Heidenreich T, Mander J. Change motivation and mindfulness in individual psychotherapy: Examining a sample of adult outpatients with depression and/or anxiety. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:646-663. [PMID: 38244216 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Existing literature has demonstrated that both motivation to change and mindfulness are associated with therapy outcomes in samples with mental disorders. Between the constructs of mindfulness and motivation to change occurs some theoretical-related and empirical overlap. However, it is still little known about the association of these two constructs. For this reason, we investigated the relationship of motivation to change and mindfulness in a sample of 116 adult outpatients with a primary diagnosis of depression or anxiety. METHODS An outpatient sample of 116 depressive and/or anxious patients filled in the German short version of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA-S) and the German version of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) before the start of cognitive-behavioral therapy (pre) and after the 25th cognitive-behavioral therapy session (post). To assess the association between change motivation and mindfulness, we calculated correlations, hierarchical regressions and cross-lagged panel models (CLPM). RESULTS Several positive and negative significant correlations at the premeasurement time point, at the postmeasurement time point, and over time (from pre to postmeasurement time point) demonstrated a relation between the KIMS and the URICA-S. Hierarchical regression analyses and CLPM pointed towards relations between mindfulness and change motivation over time and in both directions for some subscales of the KIMS and the URICA-S. CONCLUSION A bidirectional relation between motivation to change and mindfulness was supported in our naturalistic psychotherapy setting for several subscales. For a better understanding of the interconnection between the two constructs, future research should focus on the application of interventions to improve either mindfulness or motivation to change in psychotherapy. Additionally, the interactional effects of mindfulness and change motivation on therapy outcomes should be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Baumann
- Center for Psychological Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Kalmar
- Center for Psychological Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Gruber
- Center for Psychological Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Blanck
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Vonderlin
- Center for Psychological Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Heidenreich
- Department of Social Work, Education, and Nursing, University of Applied Sciences Esslingen, Esslingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Mander
- Center for Psychological Psychotherapy, Psychological Institute, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Barré T, Cherikh F, Carrieri P, Marcellin F. A call for mindfulness-based interventions for cannabis-use disorders. L'ENCEPHALE 2024; 50:118-120. [PMID: 37604715 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use is being increasingly liberalized worldwide, and an increasing prevalence of cannabis-use disorder (CUD) is observed. The few current therapeutic options for CUD are only modestly effective. Mindfulness-based interventions offer promising prospects for the management of substance-use disorders. However, despite proliferating literature on mindfulness and substance use, few studies have explored mindfulness in terms of cannabis use and CUD. There are many possibilities for the implementation of mindfulness-based interventions for cannabis use reduction, especially for younger users, who are more vulnerable to cannabis-related harms. Accordingly, large controlled trials are needed to reliably assess the potential of such interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France.
| | - Faredj Cherikh
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France; Addictology Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Archet 2 Hospital, Nice, France.
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France.
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jovanova M, Cosme D, Doré B, Kang Y, Stanoi O, Cooper N, Helion C, Lomax S, McGowan AL, Boyd ZM, Bassett DS, Mucha PJ, Ochsner KN, Lydon-Staley DM, Falk EB. Psychological distance intervention reminders reduce alcohol consumption frequency in daily life. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12045. [PMID: 37491371 PMCID: PMC10368637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifying behaviors, such as alcohol consumption, is difficult. Creating psychological distance between unhealthy triggers and one's present experience can encourage change. Using two multisite, randomized experiments, we examine whether theory-driven strategies to create psychological distance-mindfulness and perspective-taking-can change drinking behaviors among young adults without alcohol dependence via a 28-day smartphone intervention (Study 1, N = 108 participants, 5492 observations; Study 2, N = 218 participants, 9994 observations). Study 2 presents a close replication with a fully remote delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. During weeks when they received twice-a-day intervention reminders, individuals in the distancing interventions reported drinking less frequently than on control weeks-directionally in Study 1, and significantly in Study 2. Intervention reminders reduced drinking frequency but did not impact amount. We find that smartphone-based mindfulness and perspective-taking interventions, aimed to create psychological distance, can change behavior. This approach requires repeated reminders, which can be delivered via smartphones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Jovanova
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Danielle Cosme
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bruce Doré
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yoona Kang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ovidia Stanoi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Cooper
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Chelsea Helion
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Silicia Lomax
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Amanda L McGowan
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Zachary M Boyd
- Mathematics Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, USA
| | - Peter J Mucha
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Kevin N Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - David M Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Wharton Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Wharton Operations, Information and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fox KR, Ferketich AK, Groner JA, Rausch JR, Garg V, Grant VR, Neville SP, Cua CL, Jackson JL. The Association of Global and Disease-Related Stress With Susceptibility to and Use of E-Cigarettes and Marijuana Among Adolescents With Congenital Heart Disease. J Pediatr Psychol 2023; 48:458-467. [PMID: 36810676 PMCID: PMC10199730 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents with congenital heart disease (CHD) are exposed to disease-related stressors and have elevated risk for cardiovascular and cognitive complications that are exacerbated by e-cigarettes and marijuana. The aims of this cross-sectional study are to: (1) identify the association between perceived global and disease-related stress and susceptibility to e-cigarettes and marijuana, (2) determine if the association between stress and susceptibility differs by gender, and (3) explore the association between stress and ever use of e-cigarettes and marijuana among adolescents with CHD. METHODS Adolescents with CHD (N = 98; aged 12-18 years) completed self-report measures of susceptibility to/ever use of e-cigarettes and marijuana and global and disease-related stress. RESULTS Susceptibility to e-cigarettes and marijuana was reported by 31.3% and 40.2% of adolescents, respectively. Ever use of e-cigarettes and marijuana was reported by 15.3% and 14.3% of adolescents, respectively. Global stress was associated with susceptibility to and ever use of e-cigarettes and marijuana. Disease-related stress was associated with susceptibility to marijuana. Females reported more global and disease-related stress than males, but the association of stress with susceptibility to e-cigarettes and marijuana did not differ by gender. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to e-cigarettes and marijuana is common among adolescents with CHD and is associated with stress. Future work to examine the longitudinal associations between susceptibility, stress, and use of e-cigarettes and marijuana is warranted. Global stress may be an important consideration in the development of strategies to prevent these risky health behaviors among adolescents with CHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Fox
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amy K Ferketich
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Judith A Groner
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph R Rausch
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- The Heart Center and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Victoria R Grant
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven P Neville
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Clifford L Cua
- The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jamie L Jackson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kliewer W, Svikis DS, Yousaf N, Ashton H, Cyrus JW. Psychosocial Interventions for Alcohol and/or Drug Misuse and Use Disorders in Women: A Systematic Review. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:1271-1304. [PMID: 35363075 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although men and women who misuse substances have different needs, no rigorous systematic literature review has been conducted examining psychosocial substance use interventions for women across a broad range of types of therapeutic approaches and populations. Materials and Methods: PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were used to guide this review. English language, peer-reviewed research articles indexed in PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science through May 6, 2021, were searched. Peer-reviewed articles were included in the review if they were written in English; described a randomized controlled trial of a psychosocial intervention to reduce substance misuse and related problems in women; and reported quantitative data on alcohol or illicit drug use as an outcome that was linked to the interventions. Results: A total of 51 articles met eligibility criteria, reflecting a broad array of interventions with different levels of methodological rigor. Several, but not most, interventions were tailored to meet the needs of specific subgroups of women, but evidence regarding the efficacy of tailoring was inconclusive. Overall, 61% of studies reported one or more positive substance-related intervention effects, with target substance (alcohol only vs. other drugs only or both alcohol and other drugs) and intervention dosage associated with intervention success. Conclusions: Fewer studies targeting alcohol only reported one or more positive intervention outcomes. This warrants further study, given that polysubstance use is the norm, not the exception. Future research might also focus on reducing treatment barriers to women, as this has the potential to improve overall treatment outcomes for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Kliewer
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Dace S Svikis
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nazish Yousaf
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather Ashton
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John W Cyrus
- VCU Libraries, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dey M, Wenger A, Baumgartner C, Herrmann U, Augsburger M, Haug S, Malischnig D, Schaub MP. Comparing a mindfulness- and CBT-based guided self-help Internet- and mobile-based intervention against a waiting list control condition as treatment for adults with frequent cannabis use: a randomized controlled trial of CANreduce 3.0. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:215. [PMID: 35331191 PMCID: PMC8943921 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though Internet- and mobile-based interventions (IMIs) and mindfulness-based interventions (generally delivered in-situ) appear effective for people with substance use disorders, IMIs incorporating mindfulness are largely missing, including those targeting frequent cannabis use. METHODS This paper details the protocol for a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing a mindfulness-based self-help IMI (arm 1) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)-based self-help IMI (arm 2) versus being on a waiting list (arm 3) in their effectiveness reducing cannabis use in frequent cannabis users. Predictors of retention, adherence and treatment outcomes will be identified and similarities between the two active intervention arms explored. Both active interventions last six weeks and consist of eight modules designed to reduce cannabis use and common mental health symptoms. With a targeted sample size of n = 210 per treatment arm, data will be collected at baseline immediately before program use is initiated; at six weeks, immediately after program completion; and at three and six months post baseline assessment to assess the retention of any gains achieved during treatment. The primary outcome will be number of days of cannabis use over the preceding 30 days. Secondary outcomes will include further measures of cannabis use and use of other substances, changes in mental health symptoms and mindfulness, client satisfaction, intervention retention and adherence, and adverse effects. Data analysis will follow ITT principles and primarily employ (generalized) linear mixed models. DISCUSSION This RCT will provide important insights into the effectiveness of an IMI integrating mindfulness to reduce cannabis use in frequent cannabis users. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number Registry: ISRCTN14971662 ; date of registration: 09/09/2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Dey
- Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Wenger
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Baumgartner
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ute Herrmann
- grid.452288.10000 0001 0697 1703Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Institute for Anesthesiology, Pain Center, Brauerstrasse 15, 8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Mareike Augsburger
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Haug
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Doris Malischnig
- Office of Addiction and Drug Policy of Vienna, Institute for Addiction Prevention, Modecenterstrasse 14, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael P. Schaub
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction at the University of Zurich, Konradstrasse 32, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Targeting maladaptive reactivity to negative affect in emerging adults with cannabis use disorder: A preliminary test and proof of concept. Behav Res Ther 2022; 150:104032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Ajele WK, Oladejo TA, Akanni AA, Babalola OB. Spiritual intelligence, mindfulness, emotional dysregulation, depression relationship with mental well-being among persons with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1705-1714. [PMID: 34746039 PMCID: PMC8557260 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES The study examined the mediation moderated effects of spiritual intelligence and mindfulness on the relationship between emotional dysregulation, depression and mental well-being. It also investigated the mediating effects of mindfulness on the relationship between spiritual intelligence and mental well-being in persons with diabetes. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 636 (age 32-74 years; mean = 40.31; SD = 8.40) people living with diabetes who are registered patients and were attending the clinic in Department of Endocrinology, Ondo State Specialist Hospital, Okitipupa and Federal Medical Centre, Lokoja. The data were analysed using Pearson Multiple correlation and mediation moderated model 29 and mediation model 4 of PROCESS macro. The analyses were carried out with PROCESS macro for IBM/SPSS Version 25.0. RESULTS Showed significant and positive direct relationship between depression on mental well-being of person with diabetes, β = 0.39, 95 % CI (0.29, 0.48). Results showed mindfulness (β = 0.00, 95 % CI: 0.00, 0.00) and spiritual intelligence (β = -0.01, 0.00, 95 % CI: -0.01, -0.01) significantly moderated the existing direct relationship between depression and mental well-being of persons with diabetes Results showed significant and positive indirect relationship between depression and mental well-being via emotional dysfunctional of persons with diabetes, β = 0.46, 95 % CI (0.44, 0.48). Results showed mindfulness (β = -0.02, 95 %, CI; -0.03, -0.02) and spiritual intelligence (β = -0.00, 95 %, CI: 00.00, -0.01) significant moderated the existing indirect relationship between depression and mental well-being occurred via emotional dysfunctional of persons with diabetes. Results showed significant direct relationship between spiritual intelligence and mental well-being of persons with diabetes, β = -0.12, 95 %, CI: (0.09, 0.16). Results showed mindfulness significantly mediates the existing direct relationship between spiritual intelligence and mental well-being of persons with diabetes, β = -0.11, 95 %, CI: (0.08, 0.15). Results also significant direct relationship between spiritual and mindfulness of persons with diabetes, β = 0. 0.25, 95 % CI: 0.18, 0.31). CONCLUSION Emotional dysregulation play mediating role of the association between depression and mental well-being of persons with diabetes was moderated by spiritual intelligence and mindfulness. Therefore, the study concludes that pay attention spiritual intelligence and mindfulness in management of diabetes will enhance mental well-being of persons with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abimbola A. Akanni
- Department of Psychology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Osun State, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Goldberg SB, Pace B, Griskaitis M, Willutzki R, Skoetz N, Thoenes S, Zgierska AE, Rösner S. Mindfulness-based interventions for substance use disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 10:CD011723. [PMID: 34668188 PMCID: PMC8527365 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011723.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use disorders (SUDs) are highly prevalent and associated with a substantial public health burden. Although evidence-based interventions exist for treating SUDs, many individuals remain symptomatic despite treatment, and relapse is common.Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been examined for the treatment of SUDs, but available evidence is mixed. OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of MBIs for SUDs in terms of substance use outcomes, craving and adverse events compared to standard care, further psychotherapeutic, psychosocial or pharmacological interventions, or instructions, waiting list and no treatment. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases up to April 2021: Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Specialised Register, CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO. We searched two trial registries and checked the reference lists of included studies for relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). SELECTION CRITERIA RCTs testing a MBI versus no treatment or another treatment in individuals with SUDs. SUDs included alcohol and/or drug use disorders but excluded tobacco use disorders. MBIs were defined as interventions including training in mindfulness meditation with repeated meditation practice. Studies in which SUDs were formally diagnosed as well as those merely demonstrating elevated SUD risk were eligible. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. MAIN RESULTS Forty RCTs met our inclusion criteria, with 35 RCTs involving 2825 participants eligible for meta-analysis. All studies were at high risk of performance bias and most were at high risk of detection bias. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) versus no treatment Twenty-four RCTs included a comparison between MBI and no treatment. The evidence was uncertain about the effects of MBIs relative to no treatment on all primary outcomes: continuous abstinence rate (post: risk ratio (RR) = 0.96, 95% CI 0.44 to 2.14, 1 RCT, 112 participants; follow-up: RR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.54 to 2.01, 1 RCT, 112 participants); percentage of days with substance use (post-treatment: standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.05, 95% CI -0.37 to 0.47, 4 RCTs, 248 participants; follow-up: SMD = 0.21, 95% CI -0.12 to 0.54, 3 RCTs, 167 participants); and consumed amount (post-treatment: SMD = 0.10, 95% CI -0.31 to 0.52, 3 RCTs, 221 participants; follow-up: SMD = 0.33, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.66, 2 RCTs, 142 participants). Evidence was uncertain for craving intensity and serious adverse events. Analysis of treatment acceptability indicated MBIs result in little to no increase in study attrition relative to no treatment (RR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.40, 21 RCTs, 1087 participants). Certainty of evidence for all other outcomes was very low due to imprecision, risk of bias, and/or inconsistency. Data were unavailable to evaluate adverse events. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) versus other treatments (standard of care, cognitive behavioral therapy, psychoeducation, support group, physical exercise, medication) Nineteen RCTs included a comparison between MBI and another treatment. The evidence was very uncertain about the effects of MBIs relative to other treatments on continuous abstinence rate at post-treatment (RR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.44, 1 RCT, 286 participants) and follow-up (RR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.16, 1 RCT, 286 participants), and on consumed amount at post-treatment (SMD = -0.42, 95% CI -1.23 to 0.39, 1 RCT, 25 participants) due to imprecision and risk of bias. The evidence suggests that MBIs reduce percentage of days with substance use slightly relative to other treatments at post-treatment (SMD = -0.21, 95% CI -0.45 to 0.03, 5 RCTs, 523 participants) and follow-up (SMD = -0.39, 95% CI -0.96 to 0.17, 3 RCTs, 409 participants). The evidence was very uncertain about the effects of MBIs relative to other treatments on craving intensity due to imprecision and inconsistency. Analysis of treatment acceptability indicated MBIs result in little to no increase in attrition relative to other treatments (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.26, 14 RCTs, 1531 participants). Data were unavailable to evaluate adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In comparison with no treatment, the evidence is uncertain regarding the impact of MBIs on SUD-related outcomes. MBIs result in little to no higher attrition than no treatment. In comparison with other treatments, MBIs may slightly reduce days with substance use at post-treatment and follow-up (4 to 10 months). The evidence is uncertain regarding the impact of MBIs relative to other treatments on abstinence, consumed substance amount, or craving. MBIs result in little to no higher attrition than other treatments. Few studies reported adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Goldberg
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Matas Griskaitis
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Reinhard Willutzki
- Private medical practice for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Skoetz
- Cochrane Cancer, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sven Thoenes
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aleksandra E Zgierska
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pouliquen M, Auriacombe M. Psychotherapeutic interventions for cannabis use disorder. What do we know and what should we do? Encephale 2021; 48:70-77. [PMID: 34625215 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use disorder is the most commonly reported illegal substance use disorder and demand for treatment is growing worldwide. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to compare the two last Cochrane systematic reviews of the literature concerning psychotherapeutic and psychosocial interventions for cannabis use disorder to determine what new evidence emerged and how craving was considered as a treatment mediator. METHOD We extracted raw data from both reviews regarding their titles, objectives, methods and results. This information was analyzed by face validity to distinguish apparent differences from real differences. It enabled us to describe similarities and differences between reviews. We also screened both reviews looking for craving or related words. RESULTS The objective and methods of both reviews were mostly similar. Although the second review covered a wider range of psychotherapies, including drug counseling and mindfulness-based meditation as an intervention group and minimal treatment as a control group. Five of the six studies included in the first review were also included in the second review. One study excluded from the first review was included in the last review that included an additional 17 studies published after the first review. The 2016 review performed a meta-analysis whereas the first review was descriptive. Both reviews supported the efficacy of motivational enhancement therapy and cognitive and behavioral therapy interventions with adjunction of contingency management for abstinence when possible. There was no relevant mention of craving in the 2006 review and very few in the 2016 review. CONCLUSION The methods and results of the last two Cochrane reviews on psychosocial interventions for cannabis use disorder were mostly similar. Consistent with other reviews on the same subject and reviews of psychotherapies for other substance use disorders, the 2016 review confirmed evidence already available in the 2006 review. Instead of confirming already confirmed evidence, future research is needed to determine if craving focused treatment would increase efficiency and how to maintain initial treatment outcomes long-term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pouliquen
- University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Équipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Pôle interétablissement d'Addictologie, CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - M Auriacombe
- University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Équipe phénoménologie et déterminants des comportements appétitifs, Sanpsy CNRS USR 3413, University of Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; Pôle interétablissement d'Addictologie, CH Charles Perrens and CHU de Bordeaux, 121, rue de la Béchade, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Single A, Keough MT. Examining the Prospective Associations Between Mindfulness Facets and Substance Use in Emerging Adulthood. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 56:64-73. [PMID: 33151271 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Emerging adulthood (i.e. ages 18-25) is a developmental phase associated with frequent alcohol and cannabis use, placing this population at risk for substance use problems. Depression and anxiety (i.e. emotional psychopathology) are also prevalent during this phase, and some emerging adults use substances to cope with these negative emotions. Mindfulness-a multifaceted construct-involves being present in a nonjudgmental and nonreactive way. Certain mindfulness facets are particularly relevant in buffering against substance use. A recent longitudinal study [Single A, Bilevicius E, Johnson EA. et al. (2019) Specific facets of trait mindfulness reduce risk for alcohol and drug use among first-year undergraduate students. Mindfulness 10:1269-1279] showed that specific mindfulness facets (i.e. acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience and nonreactivity to inner experience) predicted decreased alcohol and drug use in undergraduates. These pathways were explained by low levels of emotional psychopathology. METHODS This study expanded this recent work by using a three time-point longitudinal design and by including measures of both alcohol and cannabis use and related problems. Using MTurk, participants (N = 299) completed online measures of trait mindfulness, depression, anxiety, alcohol and cannabis use and related problems at three time-points, each 2 weeks apart. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. RESULTS The acting with awareness and nonjudging of inner experience facets predicted fewer alcohol problems, but not alcohol use, and this effect was mediated by low levels of emotional psychopathology. These results were not supported for cannabis use and problems. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that there may be differences in the pathways from trait mindfulness to alcohol and cannabis use during emerging adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Single
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, 190 Dysart Rd., Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Matthew T Keough
- Department of Psychology, York University, 4700 Keele St., North York, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mindfulness-Based Intervention Effects on Substance Use and Relapse Among Women in Residential Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial With 8.5-Month Follow-Up Period From the Moment-by-Moment in Women's Recovery Project. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:528-538. [PMID: 34213858 PMCID: PMC8257470 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the efficacy of Moment-by-Moment in Women's Recovery (MMWR), a mindfulness training program adapted for ethnoculturally diverse women with complex social and clinical histories in residential treatment for substance use disorder, on substance use and relapse outcomes. METHODS Participants were randomized to MMWR (n = 100; 60% Hispanic/Latina, 18% non-Hispanic Black) or the attention control condition, Neurobiology of Addiction (n = 100; 56% Hispanic/Latina, 21% non-Hispanic Black). Substance use outcomes (days until first use, days of use, and relapse status: abstained, lapsed, relapsed) were obtained from interviewer-assisted timeline followback for an 8.5-month follow-up period spanning the intervention start through the 6-week intervention period and 7 months after the intervention ended. RESULTS An intent-to-treat survival analyses showed that time delay to first marijuana use favored MMWR (hazard ratio = 0.44, 95% confidence interval = 0.20-0.98, p = .049) with a medium-to-large effect size. In negative binomial hurdle models, the MMWR group showed fewer days of marijuana use at 3.5 months (B = -1.71, SE = 0.79, incidence rate ratio = 0.18, p = .030) and a trend at 7 months after the intervention (B = -0.90, standard error = 0.55, incidence rate ratio = 0.41, p = .10). For marijuana, mindfulness practice time during the intervention predicted time delay to first use (B = 0.28, p = .006) and total abstinence days (B = 0.34, p = .002) across the 7 months after MMWR. No other substance use outcomes showed differential response to MMWR relative to controls. Only in MMWR, number of study intervention sessions attended (dose) correlated with a greater length of time to alcohol intoxication (r = .48, p < .001), fewer days of alcohol intoxication (r = -.24, p = .020), and greater improvement in mindfulness skills (r = .61, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS MMWR added to an ongoing intensive residential treatment program serving vulnerable women is protective against marijuana use but no other substance use outcomes. Mindfulness practice time predicted a delay in time to first marijuana use. MMWR class attendance, an indicator of intervention dose, appears protective of alcohol intoxication at follow-up; thus, extended MMWR exposure might be useful.
Collapse
|
17
|
Calomarde-Gómez C, Jiménez-Fernández B, Balcells-Oliveró M, Gual A, López-Pelayo H. Motivational Interviewing for Cannabis Use Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur Addict Res 2021; 27:413-427. [PMID: 33965941 DOI: 10.1159/000515667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is one of the most used drugs worldwide. There is no gold standard treatment for cannabis use disorder (CUD). Motivational interviewing (MI) has shown efficacy in some substance use disorders. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to assess the effectiveness of MI in CUD. METHODS Randomized controlled trials or open-label studies published until September 2019 from 3 different databases (Pubmed, Scopus, and PsycINFO) were included, following the PRISMA guidelines and a predetermined set of criteria for article selection. Meta-analyses were conducted. The end point was determined as month 3, and 4 outcomes were analysed (abstinence rates, reduction in frequency of use, reduction in quantity of use, and reduction in cannabis use disorder symptoms) in 2 populations (adolescents and adults). RESULTS Forty studies were identified, of which 24 were performed in adults and 16 in adolescents. MI showed efficacy in achieving abstinence in both adults (odds ratio [OR] = 3.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.40-6.16, p < 0.0001) and adolescents (OR = 2.02, 95% CI 1.42-2.89, p < 0.0001). MI showed efficacy in reducing frequency and quantity of use in adults but not in adolescents. Those adults who were in the MI group consumed less joints per day than those in the control group (mean difference = -0.69 joints per day, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.53, p < 0.001), and they consumed on less days per month (mean difference = -3.9 days per month, 95% CI -7.47 to -0.34, p = 0.0317) than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS MI is an effective intervention to reduce cannabis use and achieve abstinence, especially among adults and patients with no prior history of psychotic disorder. Further investigation is needed to assess the effect on CUD symptoms. MI should be included in guidelines for treating cannabis use disorder as one of the essential psychological interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mercedes Balcells-Oliveró
- Grup Recerca Addiccions Clínic (GRAC-GRE), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Gual
- Grup Recerca Addiccions Clínic (GRAC-GRE), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo López-Pelayo
- Grup Recerca Addiccions Clínic (GRAC-GRE), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ng SM, Rentala S, Chan CLW, Nayak RB. Nurse-Led Body-Mind-Spirit Based Relapse Prevention Intervention for People With Diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder at a Mental Health Care Setting, India: A Pilot Study. J Addict Nurs 2020; 31:276-286. [PMID: 33264200 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol dependence is associated with alcohol-related problems and persistent vulnerability to relapse. Despite newer medications, frequent relapses continue to occur. Hence, there is a need to look at holistic approaches to deal with this problem. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led body-mind-spirit (BMS)-based relapse prevention intervention on craving and quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption among alcohol-dependent individuals. METHODS Randomized control trial was adopted, and the study was conducted at a mental health care setting in India. Sixty individuals with alcohol use disorder were randomly assigned to a BMS group (n = 30) and a treatment-as-usual (TAU) group (n = 30) between June 2017 and March 2018. Subjects of both groups were initially assessed for craving and quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption. BMS subjects received seven sessions of BMS intervention and routine treatment at de-addiction wards. The interventions comprise of body, mind, and spirit strategies that aid in handling triggers, accept responsibility for their own well-being and take charge of self health. TAU group subjects received only routine treatment. All the participants were followed up over 3 months postdischarge. RESULTS Over 3 months of follow-up, BMS group subjects (vs. TAU group) reported significantly lesser quantity of alcohol consumption (F = 9.74, p < .001, η = .144), fewer drinking days (F = 14.04, p < .001, η = .195), lower relapse rates (14 vs. 28), and lesser craving (F = 14.01, p < .001, η = .195). Regression analysis showed that number of previous attempts (>1) and increased baseline drinking were associated with relapse. CONCLUSION Findings provide evidence of BMS intervention in reducing craving and drinking outcomes among alcohol-dependent individuals in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Man Ng
- Siu-man Ng, PhD, RSW, RCMP, Cecilia L. W. Chan, PhD, RSW, JP, Department of Social Work & Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. Sreevani Rentala, PhD, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Dharwad Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. Raghavendra Bheemappa Nayak, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Dharwad Institute of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Patnode CD, Perdue LA, Rushkin M, Dana T, Blazina I, Bougatsos C, Grusing S, O'Connor EA, Fu R, Chou R. Screening for Unhealthy Drug Use: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2020; 323:2310-2328. [PMID: 32515820 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.21381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Illicit drug use is among the most common causes of preventable morbidity and mortality in the US. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature on screening and interventions for drug use to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through September 18, 2018; literature surveillance through September 21, 2019. STUDY SELECTION Test accuracy studies to detect drug misuse and randomized clinical trials of screening and interventions to reduce drug use. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Critical appraisal and data abstraction by 2 reviewers and random-effects meta-analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sensitivity, specificity, drug use and other health, social, and legal outcomes. RESULTS Ninety-nine studies (N = 84 206) were included. Twenty-eight studies (n = 65 720) addressed drug screening accuracy. Among adults, sensitivity and specificity of screening tools for detecting unhealthy drug use ranged from 0.71 to 0.94 and 0.87 to 0.97, respectively. Interventions to reduce drug use were evaluated in 52 trials (n = 15 659) of psychosocial interventions, 7 trials (n = 1109) of opioid agonist therapy, and 13 trials (n = 1718) of naltrexone. Psychosocial interventions were associated with increased likelihood of drug use abstinence (15 trials, n = 3636; relative risk [RR], 1.60 [95% CI, 1.24 to 2.13]; absolute risk difference [ARD], 9% [95% CI, 5% to 15%]) and reduced number of drug use days (19 trials, n = 5085; mean difference, -0.49 day in the last 7 days [95% CI, -0.85 to -0.13]) vs no psychosocial intervention at 3- to 4-month follow-up. In treatment-seeking populations, opioid agonist therapy and naltrexone were associated with decreased risk of drug use relapse (4 trials, n = 567; RR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.59 to 0.82]; ARD, -35% [95% CI, -67% to -3%] and 12 trials, n = 1599; RR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.62 to 0.85]; ARD, -18% [95% CI, -26% to -10%], respectively) vs placebo or no medication. While evidence on harms was limited, it indicated no increased risk of serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Several screening instruments with acceptable sensitivity and specificity are available to screen for drug use, although there is no direct evidence on the benefits or harms of screening. Pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions are effective at improving drug use outcomes, but evidence of effectiveness remains primarily derived from trials conducted in treatment-seeking populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie D Patnode
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Leslie A Perdue
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Megan Rushkin
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Tracy Dana
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Ian Blazina
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Christina Bougatsos
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Sara Grusing
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Elizabeth A O'Connor
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Rongwei Fu
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University, Portland
| | - Roger Chou
- Pacific Northwest Evidence-based Practice Center, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Luba RR, Earleywine M, Melse B, Gordis EB. Savoring Moderates the Link between Marijuana Use and Marijuana Problems. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:291-295. [PMID: 31552772 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1666145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The changing legal landscape for marijuana requires concerted efforts toward minimizing the potential harms related to use of the plant. Purpose/Objectives: Identifying buffers against negative consequences in regular users could help researchers fashion prevention efforts that could appeal to those who are uninterested in messages related to abstinence. Savoring, a positively-focused, mindful approach to making the most of positive experiences, appears to overlap with facets of treatment that have proven successful with problem users. The present study examined the role of savoring in the development of marijuana-related problems. Methods: We examined the potential role of savoring as a buffer against marijuana problems in 195 participants (27.3% female). Results: Participants in this sample used cannabis 3.06 days per week on average. Correlations revealed that problems decreased as savoring increased. In addition, a significant interaction revealed that savoring moderated the impact of frequent use on problems. As savoring increased, the positive association between frequency of use and negative consequences decreased, suggesting that those who are high on savoring experience fewer negative consequences than those who are low on savoring even when they use marijuana as frequently. Conclusions: These data support the idea of incorporating savoring into the prevention of marijuana problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R Luba
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Mitch Earleywine
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Benedict Melse
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Elana B Gordis
- University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang R, Volkow ND. Brain default-mode network dysfunction in addiction. Neuroimage 2019; 200:313-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
22
|
Nosratabadi M, Halvaiepour Z. Psychological Determinants of Drug Abuse among Male Adolescents in Isfahan: A Structural Model. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:27. [PMID: 30967913 PMCID: PMC6413519 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_23_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug abuse is one of the most prevalent public health problems around the world and Iran too. Drug abuse is influenced by various psychosocial factors. This study aimed to explain the relationship model of drug abuse based on perceived criticism, mindfulness, and emotion regulation in Isfahan male adolescents. Methods: This was a correlational cross-sectional study. A total of 350 male students were randomly selected from different high schools in Isfahan during the period of 2015–2016 academic year. Four questionnaires including the probability of drug abuse questionnaire, emotion regulation inventory, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and perceived criticism scale were employed. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and correlation coefficient, besides; Structural equation modeling was used to model the direct and indirect relationships between variables. In this regard, SPSS and AMOS softwares were used. Results: Out of the whole subjects, 49.7% had score above the median, indicating more likely to be drug abuser. There was a significant correlation between emotional reappraisal (r = −0.40), expressive suppression (r = −0.38), mindfulness (−0.57), and criticism (r = 0.57) with drug abuse among male adolescents (P < 0.001). Moreover, criticism through the emotional self-regulation had indirect effects on drug abuse. Totally 69% of the variance in drug abuse was explained by the study variables. Conclusions: In total, the results of this study revealed that high levels of drug abuse among students can be considered as a crucial issue, regarding the significant effects of psychological factors, adaptive emotion-regulation strategies, as well as school and family-based Psycho-social skills, are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Nosratabadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Halvaiepour
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jutras-Aswad D, Le Foll B, Bruneau J, Wild TC, Wood E, Fischer B. Thinking Beyond Legalization: The Case for Expanding Evidence-Based Options for Cannabis Use Disorder Treatment in Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2019; 64:82-87. [PMID: 30033757 PMCID: PMC6405802 DOI: 10.1177/0706743718790955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - T. Cameron Wild
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Evan Wood
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Benedikt Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lee DC, Schlienz NJ, Peters EN, Dworkin RH, Turk DC, Strain EC, Vandrey R. Systematic review of outcome domains and measures used in psychosocial and pharmacological treatment trials for cannabis use disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194:500-517. [PMID: 30530238 PMCID: PMC7038155 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is prevalent and demand for treatment is increasing, yet few individuals engage in formal treatment and the efficacy of established interventions for CUD is modest. Existing clinical trials evaluating psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for CUD have incorporated a wide variety of measures for assessing cannabis use outcomes, including abstinence, self-reported frequency and quantity used, withdrawal, use/dependence severity, and other psychosocial outcomes. The heterogeneity of measures and outcomes has limited quantitative analyses of the comparative effectiveness of existing interventions. The purpose of this systematic review is to: 1) identify and characterize approaches for measuring cannabis use in existing CUD intervention trials, including abstinence, frequency and quantity of use, and 2) summarize measures used to assess treatment efficacy in other outcome domains (e.g., cannabis use severity, psychosocial functioning, cannabis withdrawal), and provide a platform for future research to evaluate which outcome measures are most likely to reflect treatment efficacy and clinically significant improvement in other outcome domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin C Lee
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nicolas J Schlienz
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erica N Peters
- Battelle Public Health Center for Tobacco Research, Battelle Memorial Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert H Dworkin
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dennis C Turk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric C Strain
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Vandrey
- Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Baldus C, Mokros L, Daubmann A, Arnaud N, Holtmann M, Thomasius R, Legenbauer T. Treatment effectiveness of a mindfulness-based inpatient group psychotherapy in adolescent substance use disorder - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:706. [PMID: 30587217 PMCID: PMC6307182 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-3048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current treatments for adolescents with substance use disorder (SUD) have had only limited success. In recent years, research has underlined the role of self-regulatory processes and impulsivity in the development and maintenance of SUD in adolescents. Mindfulness has gained much attention due to its capacity to influence self-regulatory processes, particularly in adult populations. Initial studies have shown the potential of mindfulness-based approaches in younger SUD patients. The aim of the present clinical trial is to evaluate the added treatment effect of a mindfulness-based group psychotherapy ("Mind it!") for adolescents with SUD in comparison to the current standard treatment. Moreover, we seek to explore the feasibility of the intervention and possible mediators of treatment effects. METHODS/DESIGN There will be N = 340 participants aged between 13 and 19 years who are receiving child or adolescent psychiatric or psychotherapeutic inpatient or day treatment targeting their SUD and who have reported substance use 30 days before detoxification and do not show acute psychotic or suicidal symptoms at baseline. The study is a prospective randomized controlled multi-center trial in which patients are assessed: (1) after completing a prior detoxification phase (t0), (2) at 4 weeks (t1), (3) at 8 weeks (t2), and (4) at 6 months after t2 (t3). Participants in the intervention group will receive mindfulness-based group psychotherapy in addition to their existing treatment regime. The primary outcome is substance use in the past 30 days at follow-up based on the Timeline Followback self-report. Secondary outcomes include craving, severity of dependence, and abstinence motivation. Mindfulness, impulsivity, and emotion regulation will be analyzed as possible mediators of treatment effects. DISCUSSION This trial is expected to provide evidence of the added effect of a novel, safe, and feasible treatment option for adolescents with SUD. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Register of Clinical Studies, DRKS00014041 . Registered on 17 April 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Baldus
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Mokros
- Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL) University Hospital Hamm for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| | - Anne Daubmann
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Arnaud
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Holtmann
- Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL) University Hospital Hamm for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Legenbauer
- Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL) University Hospital Hamm for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Hamm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Priddy SE, Howard MO, Hanley AW, Riquino MR, Friberg-Felsted K, Garland EL. Mindfulness meditation in the treatment of substance use disorders and preventing future relapse: neurocognitive mechanisms and clinical implications. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2018; 9:103-114. [PMID: 30532612 PMCID: PMC6247953 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s145201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a pervasive public health problem with deleterious consequences for individuals, families, and society. Furthermore, SUD intervention is complicated by the continuous possibility of relapse. Despite decades of research, SUD relapse rates remain high, underscoring the need for more effective treatments. Scientific findings indicate that SUDs are driven by dysregulation of neural processes underlying reward learning and executive functioning. Emerging evidence suggests that mindfulness training can target these neurocognitive mechanisms to produce significant therapeutic effects on SUDs and prevent relapse. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the cognitive, affective, and neural mechanisms underlying the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) on SUDs. We discuss the etiology of addiction and neurocognitive processes related to the development and maintenance of SUDs. We then explore evidence supporting use of MBIs for intervening in SUDs and preventing relapse. Finally, we provide clinical recommendations about how these therapeutic mechanisms might be applied to intervening in SUDs and preventing relapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Priddy
- College of Social Work, Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,
| | - Matthew O Howard
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam W Hanley
- College of Social Work, Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,
| | - Michael R Riquino
- College of Social Work, Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,
| | | | - Eric L Garland
- College of Social Work, Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,
- College of Social Work, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Roos C, Kirouac M, Stein E, Wilson A, Bowen S, Witkiewitz K. An open trial of rolling admission mindfulness-based relapse prevention (Rolling MBRP): feasibility, acceptability, dose-response relations, and mechanisms. Mindfulness (N Y) 2018; 10:1062-1073. [PMID: 31354877 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-1054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) is an effective treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). However, evidence is primarily based on studies of closed groups, and few studies support flexible formats of MBRP, such as rolling groups. This nonrandomized, open trial evaluated feasibility, acceptability, dose-response relations, and mechanisms of rolling admission MBRP ("Rolling MBRP") offered as part of short-term residential treatment for SUD. Rolling MBRP was developed prior to the trial through an iterative process over several years. Participants included 109 adults (46% female, 74.3% racial/ethnic minorities, mean age=36.40). Rolling MBRP was offered to all patients in the program 2x/week and attendance was tracked. Outcomes were craving, self-efficacy, mental health, mindfulness, and self-compassion at discharge. Self-reported out-of-session mindfulness practice was examined as a mediator of attendance-outcome relations. Analyses involved multiple regression and mediation models. Feasibility was demonstrated by good attendance rates. Acceptability was demonstrated by high engagement in mindfulness practice and high satisfaction ratings. Total sessions attended did not predict outcomes at discharge. However, attending 2+ sessions (versus 1 or none) significantly predicted better mental health and higher mindfulness at discharge, and these effects were mediated by informal and formal mindfulness practice. Total sessions attended had significant indirect effects on craving, self-compassion, mindfulness, and mental health, via mindfulness practice. Results support the feasibility and acceptability of Rolling MBRP and suggest mindfulness practice may be a key mechanism driving effects of MBRP on other key mechanisms during the recovery process, such as decreased craving and improved mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corey Roos
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131.,Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque NM, 87106
| | - Megan Kirouac
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131.,Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque NM, 87106
| | - Elena Stein
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131.,Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque NM, 87106
| | - Adam Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131.,Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque NM, 87106
| | - Sarah Bowen
- School of Graduate Psychology, Pacific University, 190 SE 8th Avenue, Hillsboro OR 97123
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, MSC 03-2220, Albuquerque NM, 87131.,Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, 2650 Yale Blvd SE, Albuquerque NM, 87106
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Park CL, Russell BS, Fendrich M. Mind-Body Approaches to Prevention and Intervention for Alcohol and Other Drug Use/Abuse in Young Adults. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E64. [PMID: 29954058 PMCID: PMC6164017 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol and other drug (AOD) misuse is highly prevalent among young adults and creates myriad long-term problematic social, economic, and health consequences. Current treatments aimed at preventing or alleviating AOD misuse have demonstrated fairly inconsistent and weak effectiveness and, thus, are far from a complete solution. In this review, we describe the current state of AOD interventions for young adults and present an alternative emotion regulation framework for understanding AOD use/misuse. We then describe implications of this framework for interventions to promote healthier emotion regulation to successfully reduce AOD use/misuse. In particular, we assert that mind⁻body approaches, such as meditation, distress tolerance, and yoga, may promote emotion regulation skills that allow young adults to manage their stressful experiences and distressing emotions without AOD use. We review the available literature on mind⁻body interventions targeting AOD use/misuse in young adults and offer suggestions for future intervention development and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Beth S Russell
- Human Development & Family Studies, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Michael Fendrich
- School of Social Work, University of Connecticut Hartford, Connecticut, CT 06103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sahlem GL, Tomko RL, Sherman BJ, Gray KM, McRae-Clark AL. Impact of cannabis legalization on treatment and research priorities for cannabis use disorder. Int Rev Psychiatry 2018; 30:216-225. [PMID: 29956576 PMCID: PMC6322658 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2018.1465398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An increasing proportion of the world has legalized cannabis for medicinal or recreational use. The legalization trend appears to be continuing. These changes in the legislative landscape may have important health, treatment, and research implications. This review discusses public health outcomes that may be impacted by increases in cannabis availability and use. It additionally considers potential research and treatment priorities in the face of widespread cannabis legalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L. Sahlem
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rachel L. Tomko
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Brian J. Sherman
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kevin M. Gray
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Aimee L. McRae-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Levy S, Mountain-Ray S, Reynolds J, Mendes SJ, Bromberg J. A novel approach to treating adolescents with opioid use disorder in pediatric primary care. Subst Abus 2018; 39:173-181. [DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2018.1455165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Levy
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Pediatric Physicians Organization at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Shannon Mountain-Ray
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Pediatric Physicians Organization at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Wareham Pediatric Associates, Wareham, MA
| | - Jason Reynolds
- Pediatric Physicians Organization at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Wareham Pediatric Associates, Wareham, MA
| | - Steven J. Mendes
- Pediatric Physicians Organization at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Wareham Pediatric Associates, Wareham, MA
| | - Jonas Bromberg
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
- Pediatric Physicians Organization at Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Garland EL, Howard MO. Mindfulness-based treatment of addiction: current state of the field and envisioning the next wave of research. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2018; 13:14. [PMID: 29669599 PMCID: PMC5907295 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-018-0115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary advances in addiction neuroscience have paralleled increasing interest in the ancient mental training practice of mindfulness meditation as a potential therapy for addiction. In the past decade, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been studied as a treatment for an array addictive behaviors, including drinking, smoking, opioid misuse, and use of illicit substances like cocaine and heroin. This article reviews current research evaluating MBIs as a treatment for addiction, with a focus on findings pertaining to clinical outcomes and biobehavioral mechanisms. Studies indicate that MBIs reduce substance misuse and craving by modulating cognitive, affective, and psychophysiological processes integral to self-regulation and reward processing. This integrative review provides the basis for manifold recommendations regarding the next wave of research needed to firmly establish the efficacy of MBIs and elucidate the mechanistic pathways by which these therapies ameliorate addiction. Issues pertaining to MBI treatment optimization and sequencing, dissemination and implementation, dose–response relationships, and research rigor and reproducibility are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, 395 South, 1500 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
A number of research designs have been used to study the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in addictive disorders, including open label studies and randomised controlled trials. Only through a rigorously conducted research, evidence base for effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention can be established. However, research on these interventions are fraught with a number of challenges. It is imperative for researchers to ask appropriate research questions based on sound theoretical understanding of psychiatric disorders, psychosocial interventions and research designs. This would help in choosing the less studied, relevant areas for in depth study as well as in using pragmatic, realistic research designs. Defining intervention clearly is as crucial, as is its uniform implementation across various treatment arms. In addition, tapping the mediators, moderators and confounders of treatment using appropriate methods while assessing the factors that directly impact the outcome is important to determine actual effects of psychosocial intervention. Barriers at different stages must be gauged proactively and dealt with, wherever possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Ambekar
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Monica Mongia
- National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shrier LA, Burke PJ, Kells M, Scherer EA, Sarda V, Jonestrask C, Xuan Z, Harris SK. Pilot randomized trial of MOMENT, a motivational counseling-plus-ecological momentary intervention to reduce marijuana use in youth. Mhealth 2018; 4:29. [PMID: 30148142 PMCID: PMC6087802 DOI: 10.21037/mhealth.2018.07.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) influence behavior in real time, in real life. We evaluated trial feasibility and preliminary efficacy of MOMENT, a counseling-plus-EMI to reduce frequent marijuana use in youth in primary care. METHODS Primary care patients age 15-24 years using marijuana at least 3 times/week were randomized to MOMENT [motivational enhancement therapy (MET)/smartphone-based momentary assessment/responsive motivational messaging] vs. No-messages (MET/momentary assessment) vs. MET-only. In MOMENT, two MET sessions were followed by 2 weeks of momentary assessment of marijuana use and factors related to use, with motivational messaging displayed after report of marijuana triggers, desire, use, and effort to avoid use. We evaluated study feasibility (recruitment, retention, and response rates; feedback survey responses) and explored intervention effects on marijuana desire and use at three months with linear mixed effects modeling. RESULTS Seventy youth [mean (M) =20.7 years, 60% female] were assigned to MOMENT (n=27), No-messages (n=15; assignment suspended to enrich other arms), or MET-only (n=28). Most attrition occurred during baseline, before MET. Of those completing MET session 1, 82% completed their assigned treatment and 79% provided 3-month data. Participants highly rated acceptability; comments reflected changing motivation and behavior. Across arms, participants reported significantly lower marijuana use, desire, and problems at follow-up vs. baseline. Momentary marijuana desire declined more in MOMENT vs. MET-only. Marijuana use following a targeted context or behavior was less likely in MOMENT and No-messages, vs. MET-only. CONCLUSIONS The MOMENT intervention is feasible to deliver, acceptable, and potentially efficacious in reducing marijuana desire and use among adolescent and young adults in primary care. A larger randomized trial to evaluate efficacy is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia A. Shrier
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pamela J. Burke
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Nursing, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meredith Kells
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily A. Scherer
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Vishnudas Sarda
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cassandra Jonestrask
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ziming Xuan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Sion Kim Harris
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sancho M, De Gracia M, Rodríguez RC, Mallorquí-Bagué N, Sánchez-González J, Trujols J, Sánchez I, Jiménez-Murcia S, Menchón JM. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for the Treatment of Substance and Behavioral Addictions: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:95. [PMID: 29651257 PMCID: PMC5884944 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion (dys)regulation as well as the interventions for improving these difficulties are receiving a growing attention in the literature. The aim of the present paper was to conduct a systematic review about the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) in both substance and behavioral addictions (BAs). METHOD A literature search was conducted using Cochrane, PubMed, and Web of Science. Fifty-four randomized controlled trials published in English since 2009 to April 2017 were included into a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Mindfulness-based interventions were applied in a wide range of addictions, including substance use disorders (from smoking to alcohol, among others) and BAs (namely, gambling disorder). These treatments were successful for reducing dependence, craving, and other addiction-related symptoms by also improving mood state and emotion dysregulation. The most commonly used MBI approaches were as follows: Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention, Mindfulness Training for Smokers, or Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement, and the most frequent control group in the included studies was Treatment as Usual (TAU). The most effective approach was the combination of MBIs with TAU or other active treatments. However, there is a lack of studies showing the maintenance of the effect over time. Therefore, studies with longer follow-ups are needed. CONCLUSION The revised literature shows support for the effectiveness of the MBIs. Future research should focus on longer follow-up assessments as well as on adolescence and young population, as they are a vulnerable population for developing problems associated with alcohol, drugs, or other addictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sancho
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta De Gracia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita C Rodríguez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mallorquí-Bagué
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joan Trujols
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Paltun SC, Altunsoy N, Özdemir SD, Okay IT. Does trait mindfulness level affect quitting cannabis use? A six week follow-up study. ARCH CLIN PSYCHIAT 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0101-60830000000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
36
|
Wilson AD, Roos CR, Robinson CS, Stein ER, Manuel JA, Enkema MC, Bowen S, Witkiewitz K. Mindfulness-based interventions for addictive behaviors: Implementation issues on the road ahead. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2017; 31:888-896. [PMID: 29072477 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 35 years, mindfulness meditation practices have increasingly been integrated into Western medical settings. Research into the benefits of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) continues to expand, such that there are currently more than a dozen different protocolled MBIs for patients suffering from a variety of physical and psychological disorders. In the last decade, a number of MBIs specifically designed to treat addictive behaviors have been developed and tested. This review first provides a brief overview of the current state of the science with respect to the efficacy of MBIs for addictive behaviors, and some of the proposed mechanisms underlying the efficacy of MBIs. Second, the review highlights unresolved implementation issues and provides suggestions for how future research can address the implementation challenges to advance the delivery of MBIs. Specifically, this review focuses on the lack of clear empirical guidelines in the following areas: (a) effective training for MBI treatment providers; (b) adaptations of the traditional 2-hr closed-cohort group format; (c) delivery of MBIs in 1-on-1 treatment contexts; (d) delivery of MBIs at different points in the change process; (e) delivery of MBIs via technology-based platforms; and (f) facilitation of precision medicine in the delivery of MBIs. Specific research directions are suggested with an eye toward a meaningful increase in access to MBIs for front-line clinicians and clients. (PsycINFO Database Record
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Corey R Roos
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Bowen
- Department of Psychology, Pacific University
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sherman BJ, McRae-Clark AL. Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorder: Current Science and Future Outlook. Pharmacotherapy 2017; 36:511-35. [PMID: 27027272 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance in the United States. Rates of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder (CUD) have increased in the past decade, paralleling changes in the legal and political climate favoring legalization. Almost 20 million people 12 years or older report past-month cannabis use, and 8 million report daily or near-daily use. Concurrently, the perception that cannabis use poses a significant risk of negative consequences has decreased. Contrary to this perception, heavy cannabis use is associated with cognitive impairment, increased risk for psychotic disorders and other mental health problems, lower education attainment, and unemployment. Clinical trials of various treatments for CUD have likewise increased, focusing primarily on psychotherapy treatments, specifically motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and contingency management. Their findings suggest that a combination of these three modalities produces the best abstinence outcomes, although abstinence rates remain modest and decline after treatment. More recently, pharmacotherapy trials have been conducted as adjunctive interventions to psychosocial treatment. N-acetylcysteine and gabapentin are two of the most promising medications, although no pharmacologic treatment has emerged as clearly efficacious. In this review, we provide a detailed summary of clinical trials that evaluated psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for treating CUD and discuss emerging areas of clinical research and cannabis-specific barriers to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sherman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Aimee L McRae-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Laporte C, Vaillant-Roussel H, Pereira B, Blanc O, Eschalier B, Kinouani S, Brousse G, Llorca PM, Vorilhon P. Cannabis and Young Users-A Brief Intervention to Reduce Their Consumption (CANABIC): A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial in Primary Care. Ann Fam Med 2017; 15:131-139. [PMID: 28289112 PMCID: PMC5348230 DOI: 10.1370/afm.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brief intervention to reduce cannabis is a promising technique that could be adapted for use in primary care, but it has not been well studied in this setting. We tested the efficacy of a brief intervention conducted by general practitioners among cannabis users aged 15 to 25 years. METHODS We performed a cluster randomized controlled trial with 77 general practitioners in France. The intervention consisted of an interview designed according to the FRAMES (feedback, responsibility, advice, menu, empathy, self-efficacy) model, while the control condition consisted of routine care. RESULTS The general practitioners screened and followed up 261 young cannabis users. After 1 year, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the median number of joints smoked per month among all users (17.5 vs 17.5; P = .13), but there was a difference in favor of the intervention among nondaily users (3 vs 10; P = .01). After 6 months, the intervention was associated with a more favorable change from baseline in the number of joints smoked (-33.3% vs 0%, P = .01) and, among users younger than age of 18, smoking of fewer joints per month (12.5 vs 20, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a brief intervention conducted by general practitioners with French young cannabis users does not affect use overall. They do, however, strongly support use of brief intervention for younger users and for moderate users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Laporte
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Hélène Vaillant-Roussel
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clinical Pharmacology Departement - Clinical Investigation Centre (Inserm CIC 501), Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Office for Clinical research and Innovation, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, France
| | - Olivier Blanc
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Psychiatry B, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, France
| | - Bénédicte Eschalier
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| | - Shérazade Kinouani
- Univ Bordeaux, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Bordeaux, F-33076, France
| | - Georges Brousse
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Psychiatry B, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, EA7280, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Psychiatry B, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, France
| | - Philippe Vorilhon
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medicine, Department of General Practice, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
- Univ Clermont 1, UFR Medecine, EA4681, Clermont-Ferrand, F-63001, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sherman BJ, McRae-Clark AL, Baker NL, Sonne SC, Killeen TK, Cloud K, Gray KM. Gender differences among treatment-seeking adults with cannabis use disorder: Clinical profiles of women and men enrolled in the achieving cannabis cessation-evaluating N-acetylcysteine treatment (ACCENT) study. Am J Addict 2017; 26:136-144. [PMID: 28152236 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent evidence suggests that women may fare worse than men in cannabis trials with pharmacologic interventions. Identifying baseline clinical profiles of treatment-seeking cannabis-dependent adults could inform gender-specific treatment planning and development. METHODS The current study compared baseline demographic, cannabis use, and psychiatric factors between women (n = 86) and men (n = 216) entering the Achieving Cannabis Cessation-Evaluating N-acetylcysteine Treatment (ACCENT) study, a multi-site, randomized controlled trial conducted within the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network. RESULTS Women reported greater withdrawal intensity (p = .001) and negative impact of withdrawal (p = .001), predominantly due to physiological and mood symptoms. Women were more likely to have lifetime panic disorder (p = .038) and current agoraphobia (p = .022), and reported more days of poor physical health (p = .006) and cannabis-related medical problems (p = .023). Women reporting chronic pain had greater mean pain scores than men with chronic pain (p = .006). Men and women did not differ on any measures of baseline cannabis use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Cannabis-dependent women may present for treatment with more severe and impairing withdrawal symptoms and psychiatric conditions compared to cannabis-dependent men. This might help explain recent evidence suggesting that women fare worse than men in cannabis treatment trials of pharmacologic interventions. Baseline clinical profiles of treatment-seeking adults can inform gender-specific treatment planning and development. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Cannabis-dependent women may benefit from integrated treatment focusing on co-occurring psychiatric disorders and targeted treatment of cannabis withdrawal syndrome.(Am J Addict 2017;26:136-144).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sherman
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Aimee L McRae-Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Nathaniel L Baker
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Susan C Sonne
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Therese K Killeen
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Kevin M Gray
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mindfulness treatment for substance misuse: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Subst Abuse Treat 2017; 75:62-96. [PMID: 28153483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
High rates of relapse following substance misuse treatment highlight an urgent need for effective therapies. Although the number of empirical studies investigating effects of mindfulness treatment for substance misuse has increased dramatically in recent years, few reviews have examined findings of mindfulness studies. Thus, this systematic review examined methodological characteristics and substantive findings of studies evaluating mindfulness treatments for substance misuse published by 2015. The review also includes the first meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of mindfulness treatments for substance misuse. Comprehensive bibliographic searches in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science, identified 42 pertinent studies. Meta-analytic results revealed significant small-to-large effects of mindfulness treatments in reducing the frequency and severity of substance misuse, intensity of craving for psychoactive substances, and severity of stress. Mindfulness treatments were also effective in increasing rates of posttreatment abstinence from cigarette smoking compared to alternative treatments. Mindfulness treatment for substance misuse is a promising intervention for substance misuse, although more research is needed examining the mechanisms by which mindfulness interventions exert their effects and the effectiveness of mindfulness treatments in diverse treatment settings.
Collapse
|
41
|
Barrett B, Grabow M, Middlecamp C, Mooney M, Checovich MM, Converse AK, Gillespie B, Yates J. Mindful Climate Action: Health and Environmental Co-Benefits from Mindfulness-Based Behavioral Training. SUSTAINABILITY 2016; 8:1040. [PMID: 28008371 PMCID: PMC5170843 DOI: 10.3390/su8101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Greenhouse gases from human activities are causing climate change, creating risks for people around the globe. Behaviors involving transportation, diet, energy use, and purchasing drive greenhouse gas emissions, but are also related to health and well-being, providing opportunity for co-benefits. Replacing shorter automobile trips with walking or cycling, or eating plants rather than animals, for example, may increase personal health, while also reducing environmental impact. Mindfulness-based practices have been shown to enhance a variety of health outcomes, but have not been adapted towards environmental purposes. We designed the Mindful Climate Action (MCA) curriculum to help people improve their health while simultaneously lowering their carbon footprints. Combining mindfulness-based practices with the Stages of Change theory, the MCA program aims to: (1) improve personal health and well-being; (2) decrease energy use; (3) reduce automobile use; (4) increase active transport; (5) shift diet towards plant-based foods; and (6) reduce unnecessary purchasing. Mindfulness practices will foster attentional awareness, openness, and response flexibility, supporting positive behavior change. We plan to test MCA in a randomized controlled trial, with rigorous assessment of targeted outcomes. Our long-term goal is to refine and adapt the MCA program to a variety of audiences, in order to enhance public health and environmental sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Barrett
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Maggie Grabow
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cathy Middlecamp
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, US
| | - Margaret Mooney
- Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mary M. Checovich
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | | | - Bob Gillespie
- UW Health Mindfulness Program, Integrative Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Julia Yates
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Walther L, Gantner A, Heinz A, Majić T. Evidence-based Treatment Options in Cannabis Dependency. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 113:653-659. [PMID: 27776623 PMCID: PMC5098026 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Now that the consumption of natural and synthetic cannabinoids is becoming more widespread, the specific treatment of cannabis-related disturbances is an increasingly important matter. There are many therapeutic options, and it is not always clear which ones are evidence-based and appropriate for use in a given clinical situation. METHODS This review is based on reports of pertinent randomized and controlled trials (RCTs) that were retrieved by a selective search in the PubMed and Cochrane databases. RESULTS Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) combined with other techniques has been found to have a moderate to large effect (Cohen's d = 0.53-0.9) on the amount of cannabis consumed as well as on the level of psychosocial functioning or the dependence syndrome. Systemic multidimensional family therapy (MDFT) has been found beneficial for younger adolescents who consume large amounts of cannabis and have psychiatric comorbidities. Short-term interventions with motivational talk therapy have been found effective for patients with or without an initial desire to achieve cannabis abstinence. All of these psychotherapeutic interventions are effective at evidence level Ia. The administration of gabapentin had a weak effect (d = 0.26) on the quantity consumed and on abstinence (evidence level Ib). Withdrawal symptoms can be alleviated with cannabinoid-receptor antagonists (d = 0.223 and 0.481) (evidence level Ib). On the other hand, there is evidence that serotonergic antidepressants can worsen withdrawal manifestations and increase the likelihood of relapse. CONCLUSION Psychotherapeutic techniques remain the foundation of treatment for cannabis dependence. No drug has yet been approved for the treatment of cannabis dependence because of the lack of scientific evidence. The rates of abstinence that are currently achieved, even with psychotherapy, are still only moderate. Further clinical studies are needed for the evaluation of combinations of various treatments that can meet the needs of individual patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Walther
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Therapieladen e. V., Berlin, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Campus Mitte at St. Hedwig Hospital, Charité Campus Mitte
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
DeWitt SJ, Ketcherside A, McQueeny TM, Dunlop JP, Filbey FM. The hyper-sentient addict: an exteroception model of addiction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2016; 41:374-81. [PMID: 26154169 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2015.1049701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exteroception involves processes related to the perception of environmental stimuli important for an organism's ability to adapt to its environment. As such, exteroception plays a critical role in conditioned response. In addiction, behavioral and neuroimaging studies show that the conditioned response to drug-related cues is often associated with alterations in brain regions including the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, an important node within the default mode network dedicated to processes such as self-monitoring. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to summarize the growing, but largely fragmented, literature that supports a central role of exteroceptive processes in addiction. METHODS We performed a systematic review of empirical research via PubMed and Google Scholar with keywords including 'addiction', 'exteroception', 'precuneus', and 'self-awareness', to identify human behavioral and neuroimaging studies that report mechanisms of self-awareness in healthy populations, and altered self-awareness processes, specifically exteroception, in addicted populations. RESULTS Results demonstrate that exteroceptive processes play a critical role in conditioned cue response in addiction and serve as targets for interventions such as mindfulness training. Further, a hub of the default mode network, namely, the precuneus, is (i) consistently implicated in exteroceptive processes, and (ii) widely demonstrated to have increased activation and connectivity in addicted populations. CONCLUSION Heightened exteroceptive processes may underlie cue-elicited craving, which in turn may lead to the maintenance and worsening of substance use disorders. An exteroception model of addiction provides a testable framework from which novel targets for interventions can be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J DeWitt
- a Center for BrainHealth, University of Texas at Dallas , Dallas , TX , USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gates PJ, Sabioni P, Copeland J, Le Foll B, Gowing L. Psychosocial interventions for cannabis use disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016:CD005336. [PMID: 27149547 PMCID: PMC4914383 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd005336.pub4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use disorder is the most commonly reported illegal substance use disorder in the general population; although demand for assistance from health services is increasing internationally, only a minority of those with the disorder seek professional assistance. Treatment studies have been published, but pressure to establish public policy requires an updated systematic review of cannabis-specific treatments for adults. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of psychosocial interventions for cannabis use disorder (compared with inactive control and/or alternative treatment) delivered to adults in an out-patient or community setting. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2015, Issue 6), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, the Cumulaive Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and reference lists of articles. Searched literature included all articles published before July 2015. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised controlled studies examining a psychosocial intervention for cannabis use disorder (without pharmacological intervention) in comparison with a minimal or inactive treatment control or alternative combinations of psychosocial interventions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures as expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. MAIN RESULTS We included 23 randomised controlled trials involving 4045 participants. A total of 15 studies took place in the United States, two in Australia, two in Germany and one each in Switzerland, Canada, Brazil and Ireland. Investigators delivered treatments over approximately seven sessions (range, one to 14) for approximately 12 weeks (range, one to 56).Overall, risk of bias across studies was moderate, that is, no trial was at high risk of selection bias, attrition bias or reporting bias. Further, trials included a large total number of participants, and each trial ensured the fidelity of treatments provided. In contrast, because of the nature of the interventions provided, participant blinding was not possible, and reports of researcher blinding often were unclear or were not provided. Half of the reviewed studies included collateral verification or urinalysis to confirm self report data, leading to concern about performance and detection bias. Finally, concerns of other bias were based on relatively consistent lack of assessment of non-cannabis substance use or use of additional treatments before or during the trial period.A subset of studies provided sufficient detail for comparison of effects of any intervention versus inactive control on primary outcomes of interest at early follow-up (median, four months). Results showed moderate-quality evidence that approximately seven out of 10 intervention participants completed treatment as intended (effect size (ES) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63 to 0.78, 11 studies, 1424 participants), and that those receiving psychosocial intervention used cannabis on fewer days compared with those given inactive control (mean difference (MD) 5.67, 95% CI 3.08 to 8.26, six studies, 1144 participants). In addition, low-quality evidence revealed that those receiving intervention were more likely to report point-prevalence abstinence (risk ratio (RR) 2.55, 95% CI 1.34 to 4.83, six studies, 1166 participants) and reported fewer symptoms of dependence (standardised mean difference (SMD) 4.15, 95% CI 1.67 to 6.63, four studies, 889 participants) and cannabis-related problems compared with those given inactive control (SMD 3.34, 95% CI 1.26 to 5.42, six studies, 2202 participants). Finally, very low-quality evidence indicated that those receiving intervention reported using fewer joints per day compared with those given inactive control (SMD 3.55, 95% CI 2.51 to 4.59, eight studies, 1600 participants). Notably, subgroup analyses found that interventions of more than four sessions delivered over longer than one month (high intensity) produced consistently improved outcomes (particularly in terms of cannabis use frequency and severity of dependence) in the short term as compared with low-intensity interventions.The most consistent evidence supports the use of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and particularly their combination for assisting with reduction of cannabis use frequency at early follow-up (MET: MD 4.45, 95% CI 1.90 to 7.00, four studies, 612 participants; CBT: MD 10.94, 95% CI 7.44 to 14.44, one study, 134 participants; MET + CBT: MD 7.38, 95% CI 3.18 to 11.57, three studies, 398 participants) and severity of dependence (MET: SMD 4.07, 95% CI 1.97 to 6.17, two studies, 316 participants; MET + CBT: SMD 7.89, 95% CI 0.93 to 14.85, three studies, 573 participants), although no particular intervention was consistently effective at nine-month follow-up or later. In addition, data from five out of six studies supported the utility of adding voucher-based incentives for cannabis-negative urines to enhance treatment effect on cannabis use frequency. A single study found contrasting results throughout a 12-month follow-up period, as post-treatment outcomes related to overall reduction in cannabis use frequency favoured CBT alone without the addition of abstinence-based or treatment adherence-based contingency management. In contrast, evidence of drug counselling, social support, relapse prevention and mindfulness meditation was weak because identified studies were few, information on treatment outcomes insufficient and rates of treatment adherence low. In line with treatments for other substance use, abstinence rates were relatively low overall, with approximately one-quarter of participants abstinent at final follow-up. Finally, three studies found that intervention was comparable with treatment as usual among participants in psychiatric clinics and reported no between-group differences in any of the included outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Included studies were heterogeneous in many aspects, and important questions regarding the most effective duration, intensity and type of intervention were raised and partially resolved. Generalisability of findings was unclear, most notably because of the limited number of localities and homogeneous samples of treatment seekers. The rate of abstinence was low and unstable although comparable with treatments for other substance use. Psychosocial intervention was shown, in comparison with minimal treatment controls, to reduce frequency of use and severity of dependence in a fairly durable manner, at least in the short term. Among the included intervention types, an intensive intervention provided over more than four sessions based on the combination of MET and CBT with abstinence-based incentives was most consistently supported for treatment of cannabis use disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gates
- National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre22‐32 King StUNSW Medicine, SydneyAustralia2031
| | - Pamela Sabioni
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; University of TorontoTranslational Addiction Research Laboratory33 Russell StreetTorontoONCanada
| | - Jan Copeland
- UNSW MedicineNational Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre22‐‐32 King StreetSydneyAustralia2052
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; University of TorontoTranslational Addiction Research Laboratory33 Russell StreetTorontoONCanada
| | - Linda Gowing
- University of AdelaideDiscipline of PharmacologyFrome RoadAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia5005
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cooper K, Chatters R, Kaltenthaler E, Wong R. Psychological and psychosocial interventions for cannabis cessation in adults: a systematic review short report. Health Technol Assess 2016. [PMID: 26202542 DOI: 10.3310/hta19560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide. Cannabis dependence is a recognised psychiatric diagnosis, often diagnosed via the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria and the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of medical and psychological problems. This systematic review evaluates the use of a wide variety of psychological and psychosocial interventions, such as motivational interviewing (MI), cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and contingency management. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the clinical effectiveness of psychological and psychosocial interventions for cannabis cessation in adults who use cannabis regularly. DATA SOURCES Studies were identified via searches of 11 databases [MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, PsycINFO, Web of Science Conference Proceedings Citation Index, ClinicalTrials.gov and metaRegister of Current Controlled Trials] from inception to February 2014, searching of existing reviews and reference tracking. METHODS Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing psychological or psychosocial interventions in a community setting were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed using adapted Cochrane criteria and narrative synthesis was undertaken. Outcomes included change in cannabis use, severity of cannabis dependence, motivation to change and intervention adherence. RESULTS The review included 33 RCTs conducted in various countries (mostly the USA and Australia). General population studies: 26 studies assessed the general population of cannabis users. Across six studies, CBT (4-14 sessions) significantly improved outcomes (cannabis use, severity of dependence, cannabis problems) compared with wait list post treatment, maintained at 9 months in the one study with later follow-up. Studies of briefer MI or motivational enhancement therapy (MET) (one or two sessions) gave mixed results, with some improvements over wait list, while some comparisons were not significant. Four studies comparing CBT (6-14 sessions) with MI/MET (1-4 sessions) also gave mixed results: longer courses of CBT provided some improvements over MI. In one small study, supportive-expressive dynamic psychotherapy (16 sessions) gave significant improvements over one-session MI. Courses of other types of therapy (social support group, case management) gave similar improvements to CBT based on limited data. Limited data indicated that telephone- or internet-based interventions might be effective. Contingency management (vouchers for abstinence) gave promising results in the short term; however, at later follow-ups, vouchers in combination with CBT gave better results than vouchers or CBT alone. Psychiatric population studies: seven studies assessed psychiatric populations (schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder or major depression). CBT appeared to have little effect over treatment as usual (TAU) based on four small studies with design limitations (both groups received TAU and patients were referred). Other studies reported no significant difference between types of 10-session therapy. LIMITATIONS Included studies were heterogeneous, covering a wide range of interventions, comparators, populations and outcomes. The majority were considered at high risk of bias. Effect sizes were reported in different formats across studies and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Based on the available evidence, courses of CBT and (to a lesser extent) one or two sessions of MI improved outcomes in a self-selected population of cannabis users. There was some evidence that contingency management enhanced long-term outcomes in combination with CBT. Results of CBT for cannabis cessation in psychiatric populations were less promising, but may have been affected by provision of TAU in both groups and the referred populations. Future research should focus on the number of CBT/MI sessions required and potential clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of shorter interventions. CBT plus contingency management and mutual aid therapies warrant further study. Studies should consider potential effects of recruitment methods and include inactive control groups and long-term follow-up. TAU arms in psychiatric population studies should aim not to confound the study intervention. STUDY REGISTRATION This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42014008952. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research HTA programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katy Cooper
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robin Chatters
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eva Kaltenthaler
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ruth Wong
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Patrick ME, Yeomans-Maldonado G, Griffin J. Daily Reports of Positive and Negative Affect and Alcohol and Marijuana Use Among College Student and Nonstudent Young Adults. Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51:54-61. [PMID: 26683453 PMCID: PMC4830136 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1074694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily affect and substance use covary among college students, but little is known about these associations among young adults not in college. OBJECTIVES The current pilot study examines associations between positive and negative affect and alcohol and marijuana use, with a focus on differences between college student and nonstudent young adults. METHODS High school seniors completed a baseline survey during the spring of 2012 and were then randomly selected to participate in an intensive measurement follow-up. Participants in the follow-up (N = 72, 40.3% men, 77.8% White, 66.7% full-time college students) completed up to 14 consecutive web-based daily surveys during the fall after high school completion. Multilevel models in which days (Level 1) were nested in persons (Level 2) were estimated. RESULTS Weekend days were associated with increased alcohol use among all young adults, increased marijuana use among college students, and decreased marijuana use among nonstudents. For young adults not in college, greater daily positive affect was associated with increased likelihood of binge drinking, consuming a greater number of drinks, and lower odds of marijuana use; greater daily negative affect was associated with lower odds of alcohol use and lower odds of binge drinking for non-students. For college students, greater daily negative affect was associated with lower odds of marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE Daily affect and alcohol and marijuana use covary among young adults, though these associations differ between students and non-students. Results highlight the need to examine predictors of alcohol and marijuana use among young adults who do not attend college.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Patrick
- a Institute for Social Research , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
| | | | - Jamie Griffin
- a Institute for Social Research , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Thayer RE, Feldstein Ewing SW. Adolescent psychotherapy for addiction medicine. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 224:305-22. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
|
48
|
Karyadi KA, VanderVeen JD, Cyders MA. A meta-analysis of the relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use behaviors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 143:1-10. [PMID: 25113434 PMCID: PMC4263033 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between trait mindfulness and substance use behaviors has been inconsistent across studies. The current meta-analysis aimed at quantifying the magnitude of this relationship, and at determining how this relationship varies in context of (1) mindfulness facets, (2) substance type, (3) sample characteristics, and (4) substance use severity. METHODS Using electronic databases, the literature search yielded 303 articles, but only 39 articles met inclusion criteria to be included in this meta-analysis. The relationship was quantified as a Pearson's r correlation coefficient for all studies. RESULTS Findings indicated a small, negative, and significant trait mindfulness-substance use behaviors relationship (r=-0.13). This relationship varied across substance type, clinical status of the sample, and substance use severity. Mindfulness facet was not a significant moderator; however, only particular facets (e.g., acting with awareness, non-judgment, and non-reactivity) were consistently associated with substance use behaviors. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis quantified the trait mindfulness-substance use behaviors relationship, which can be used as future effect size estimates. Findings also indicated that the trait mindfulness-substance use behaviors relationship was more robust: (1) for alcohol and tobacco use compared to marijuana use behaviors; (2) for problematic compared to non-problematic substance use behaviors; and (3) with inpatient compared to outpatient and non-clinical samples. Further work should continue to examine if acting with awareness, non-judgment, and non-reactivity mindfulness facets are more robustly associated with substance use behaviors. Failure to consider these factors, or collapsing across these factors, could explain the smaller or inconsistently reported associations across previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny A Karyadi
- Indiana University-Purdue University, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - J Davis VanderVeen
- Indiana University-Purdue University, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Melissa A Cyders
- Indiana University-Purdue University, 402 N. Blackford St., LD 124, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
This article describes the various forms of meditation and provides an overview of research using these techniques for children, adolescents, and their families. The most researched techniques in children and adolescents are mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, yoga meditation, transcendental meditation, mind-body techniques (meditation, relaxation), and body-mind techniques (yoga poses, tai chi movements). Current data are suggestive of a possible value of meditation and mindfulness techniques for treating symptomatic anxiety, depression, and pain in youth. Clinicians must be properly trained before using these techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah R Simkin
- Attention, Memory and Cognition Center, 4641 Gulfstarr Drive, Suite 106, Destin, FL, USA; Committee on Integrative Medicine, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nancy B Black
- Committee on Integrative Medicine, American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; National Capital Consortium, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Fellowship, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Amaro H, Spear S, Vallejo Z, Conron K, Black DS. Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of a mindfulness-based relapse prevention intervention for culturally-diverse, low-income women in substance use disorder treatment. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:547-59. [PMID: 24611850 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2013.852587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We examined feasibility, acceptability, and benefits of a mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) intervention in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of 318 low-income women in substance use disorder treatment (2003-2006). The study used a single group, repeated measures design. Participant satisfaction was high (M = 3.4, SD = .3), but completion was modest (36%). Linear regressions examining change in addiction severity and psychological functioning by dosage showed that higher dosage was associated with reduced alcohol (β = -.07, p < .05), drug severity (β = -.04, p < .05), and perceived stress (β = -2.29, p < .05) at 12 months. Further research on MBRP efficacy for this population is warranted. The study's limitations are noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hortensia Amaro
- 1USC, Social Work and Preventive Medicine , Los Angeles, California , USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|