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Gajera B, Shah H, Parekh B, Rathod V, Tilala M, Dave RH. Design of Experiments-Driven Optimization of Spray Drying for Amorphous Clotrimazole Nanosuspension. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:164. [PMID: 38997569 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study employed a Quality by Design (QbD) approach to spray dry amorphousclotrimazole nanosuspension (CLT-NS) consisting of Soluplus® and microcrystallinecellulose. Using the Box-Behnken Design, a systematic evaluation was conducted toanalyze the impact of inlet temperature, % aspiration, and feed rate on the criticalquality attributes (CQAs) of the clotrimazole spray-dried nanosuspension (CLT-SDNS). In this study, regression analysis and ANOVA were employed to detect significantfactors and interactions, enabling the development of a predictive model for the spraydrying process. Following optimization, the CLT-SD-NS underwent analysis using Xraypowder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and in vitro dissolution studies. The resultsshowed significant variables, including inlet temperature, feed rate, and aspiration rate,affecting yield, redispersibility index (RDI), and moisture content of the final product. The models created for critical quality attributes (CQAs) showed statistical significanceat a p-value of 0.05. XRPD and DSC confirmed the amorphous state of CLT in theCLT-SD-NS, and FTIR indicated no interactions between CLT and excipients. In vitrodissolution studies showed improved dissolution rates for the CLT-SD-NS (3.12-foldincrease in DI water and 5.88-fold increase at pH 7.2 dissolution media), attributed torapidly redispersing nanosized amorphous CLT particles. The well-designed studyutilizing the Design of Experiments (DoE) methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavin Gajera
- Division of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, The Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
- Experic, LLC, Cranbury, NJ, USA
| | - Harsh Shah
- Division of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, The Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
- BASF Corporations, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Bhavin Parekh
- Division of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, The Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Vishal Rathod
- Division of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, The Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
- BluePrint Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Rutesh H Dave
- Division of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, The Long Island University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA.
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2
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Patel K, Kevlani V, Shah S. A novel Posaconazole oral formulation using spray dried solid dispersion technology: in-vitro and in-vivo study. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1253-1276. [PMID: 37952081 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
SD (solid dispersion) technology is one of the well-recognized solubility enhancement methods; but the use of versatile carriers in ASD (amorphous SD) to achieve the added advantage of modified release along with solubility improvement is an emerging area of exploration. Spray drying is a widely used technology with excellent scalability and product attributes. The SD carriers explored were Soluplus®, possessing excellent solubilization properties that may enhance bioavailability and is suitable for innovative processing, and Gelucire 43/01, a lipid polymer utilized in a non-effervescent-based floating gastro-retentive DDS for the modified release of API. The CPPs of spray drying were screened during preliminary trials, and the formulation variables were optimized using a 32 Full Factorial Design. All nine batches were evaluated for % yield, % drug content, flow properties, floating behavior, saturation solubility, and in-vitro drug release in 0.1 N HCl. The optimized batch characterized based on DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and PXRD (powder X-ray diffraction) confirmed the amorphous nature of entrapped drug in SDD (spray-dried dispersion). Particle size analysis and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) demonstrated micron size irregular shaped particles. Residual solvent analysis by GCMS-HS confirmed the elimination of organic solvents from SDD. The optimized batch was found stable after 6 months stability study as per ICH guidelines. In-vivo roentgenography study in New Zealand white rabbit showed the residence of SDD in gastric environment for sufficient time. The pharmacokinetic study was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats to determine the bioavailability of developed SDD based product in fasting and fed conditions, and to compare the data with marketed Noxafil formulation. The current research is focused on the development of a novel ternary SDD (spray-dried dispersion)-based gastro-retentive formulation for an anti-fungal drug Posaconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India
- Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vijay Kevlani
- Department of Pharmacology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India
| | - Shreeraj Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India.
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Dhumal G, Treffer D, Polli JE. Concordance of vacuum compression molding with spray drying in screening of amorphous solid dispersions of itraconazole. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123952. [PMID: 38417729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Spray drying is a well-established method for screening spray dried dispersions (SDDs) but is material consuming, and the amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) formed have low bulk density. Vacuum Compression Molding (VCM) is a potential method to avoid these limitations. This study focuses on VCM to screen ASDs containing itraconazole and L, M, or H polymer grades of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and compares their morphology, amorphous stability, and dissolution performance with spray drying. Results indicate that VCM ASDs were comparable to SDDs. Both VCM ASDs and spray drying SDDs with HPMCAS-L and HPMCAS-M had improved dissolution profiles, while HPMCAS-H did not. Dynamic light scattering findings agreed with dissolution profiles, indicating that L and M grades produced monodisperse, smaller colloids, whereas H grade formed larger, polydisperse colloids. Capsules containing ASDs from VCM disintegrated and dissolved in the media; however, SDD capsules formed agglomerates and failed to disintegrate completely. Findings indicate that the VCM ASDs are comparable to SDDs in terms of dissolution performance and amorphous stability. VCM may be utilized in early ASD formulation development to select drug-polymer pairs for subsequent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Dhumal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniel Treffer
- MeltPrep, Setauket - East Setauket, New York, United States
| | - James E Polli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Chhimwal J, Dhritlahre RK, Anand P, Ruchika, Patial V, Saneja A, Padwad YS. Amorphous solid dispersion augments the bioavailability of phloretin and its therapeutic efficacy via targeting mTOR/SREBP-1c axis in NAFLD mice. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213627. [PMID: 37748276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The escalating incidences of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and associated metabolic disorders are global health concerns. Phloretin (Ph) is a natural phenolic compound, that exhibits a wide array of pharmacological actions including its efficacy towards NAFLD. However, poor solubility and bioavailability of phloretin limits its clinical translation. Here, to address this concern we developed an amorphous solid dispersion of phloretin (Ph-SD) using Soluplus® as a polymer matrix. We further performed solid-state characterization through SEM, P-XRD, FT-IR, and TGA/DSC analysis. Phloretin content, encapsulation efficiency, and dissolution profile of the developed formulation were evaluated through reverse phase HPLC. Finally, the oral bioavailability of Ph-SD and its potential application in the treatment of experimental NAFLD mice was investigated. Results demonstrated that the developed formulation (Ph-PD) augments the dissolution profile and oral bioavailability of the native phloretin (Ph). In NAFLD mice, histopathological studies revealed the preventive effect of Ph-SD on degenerative changes, lipid accumulation, and inflammation in the liver. Ph-SD also improved the serum lipid profile, ALT, and AST levels and lowered the interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the liver. Further, Ph-SD reduced fibrotic changes in the liver tissues and attenuates NAFLD progression by blocking the mTOR/SREBP-1c pathway. In a nutshell, the results of our study strongly suggest that Ph-SD has the potential to be a therapeutic candidate in the treatment of NAFLD and can be carried forward for further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar Dhritlahre
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Prince Anand
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Ruchika
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Formulation Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Saha T, Sinha S, Harfoot R, Quiñones-Mateu ME, Das SC. Inhalable dry powder containing remdesivir and disulfiram: Preparation and in vitro characterization. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123411. [PMID: 37703955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory tract, as the first and most afflicted target of many viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, seems to be the logical choice for delivering antiviral agents against this and other respiratory viruses. A combination of remdesivir and disulfiram, targeting two different steps in the viral replication cycle, has showed synergistic activity against SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro. In this study, we have developed an inhalable dry powder containing a combination of remdesivir and disulfiram utilizing the spray-drying technique, with the final goal of delivering this drug combination to the respiratory tract. The prepared dry powders were spherical, and crystalline. The particle size was between 1 and 5 μm indicating their suitability for inhalation. The spray-dried combinational dry powder containing remdesivir and disulfiram (RDSD) showed a higher emitted dose (ED) of >88% than single dry powder of remdesivir (RSD) (∼72%) and disulfiram (DSD) (∼84%), with a fine particle fraction (FPF) of ∼55%. Addition of L-leucine to RDSD showed >60% FPF with a similar ED. The in vitro aerosolization was not significantly affected after the stability study conducted at different humidity conditions. Interestingly, the single (RSD and DSD) and combined (RDSD) spray-dried powders showed limited cellular toxicity (CC50 values from 39.4 to >100 µM), while maintaining their anti-SARS-CoV-2 in vitro (EC50 values from 4.43 to 6.63 µM). In a summary, a combinational dry powder formulation containing remdesivir and disulfiram suitable for inhalation was developed by spray-drying technique which showed high cell viability in the respiratory cell line (Calu-3 cells) retaining their anti-SARS-CoV-2 property. In the future, in vivo studies will test the ability of these formulations to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 which is essential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Saha
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shubhra Sinha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rhodri Harfoot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Miguel E Quiñones-Mateu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Shyamal C Das
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Saha SK, Joshi A, Singh R, Dubey K. Review of industrially recognized polymers and manufacturing processes for amorphous solid dispersion based formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:678-696. [PMID: 37427544 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2233595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Evolving therapeutic landscape through combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening have resulted in an increased number of poorly soluble drugs. Drug delivery strategies quickly adapted to convert these drugs into successful therapies. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technology is widely employed as a drug delivery strategy by pharmaceutical industries to overcome the challenges associated with these poorly soluble drugs. The development of ASD formulation requires an understanding of polymers and manufacturing techniques. A review of US FDA-approved ASD-based products revealed that only a limited number of polymers and manufacturing technologies are employed by pharmaceutical industries. This review provides a comprehensive guide for the selection and overview of polymers and manufacturing technologies adopted by pharmaceutical industries for ASD formulation. The various employed polymers with their underlying mechanisms for solution-state and solid-state stability are discussed. ASD manufacturing techniques, primarily implemented by pharmaceutical industries for commercialization, are presented in Quality by Design (QbD) format. An overview of novel excipients and progress in manufacturing technologies are also discussed. This review provides insights to the researchers on the industrially accepted polymers and manufacturing technology for ASD formulation that has translated these challenging drugs into successful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Formulation Research and Development - Orals, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Romi Singh
- Formulation Research and Development - Orals, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited, Gurugram, India
| | - Kiran Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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7
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Donthi MR, Munnangi SR, Krishna KV, Saha RN, Singhvi G, Dubey SK. Nanoemulgel: A Novel Nano Carrier as a Tool for Topical Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010164. [PMID: 36678794 PMCID: PMC9863395 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano-emulgel is an emerging drug delivery system intended to enhance the therapeutic profile of lipophilic drugs. Lipophilic formulations have a variety of limitations, which includes poor solubility, unpredictable absorption, and low oral bioavailability. Nano-emulgel, an amalgamated preparation of different systems aims to deal with these limitations. The novel system prepared by the incorporation of nano-emulsion into gel improves stability and enables drug delivery for both immediate and controlled release. The focus on nano-emulgel has also increased due to its ability to achieve targeted delivery, ease of application, absence of gastrointestinal degradation or the first pass metabolism, and safety profile. This review focuses on the formulation components of nano-emulgel for topical drug delivery, pharmacokinetics and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahipal Reddy Donthi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Kowthavarapu Venkata Krishna
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- Center for Pharmacometrics and Systems Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Pilani 333031, India
- R&D Healthcare Division Emami Ltd., 13, BT Road, Kolkata 700056, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-8239703734
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Current Trends on Solid Dispersions: Past, Present, and Future. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2022; 2022:5916013. [PMID: 36317015 PMCID: PMC9617737 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5916013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid dispersions have achieved significant interest as an effective means of enhancing the dissolution rate and thus the bioavailability of a range of weakly water-soluble drugs. Solid dispersions of weakly water-soluble drugs with water-soluble carriers have lowered the frequency of these problems and improved dissolution. Solid dispersion is a solubilization technology emphasizing mainly on, drug-polymer two-component systems in which drug dispersion and its stabilization is the key to formulation development. Therefore, this technology is recognized as an exceptionally useful means of improving the dissolution properties of poorly water-soluble drugs and in the latest years, a big deal of understanding has been accumulated about solid dispersion, however, their commercial application is limited. In this review article, emphasis is placed on solubility, BCS classification, and carriers. Moreover, this article presents the diverse preparation techniques for solid dispersion and gathers some of the recent technological transfers. The different types of solid dispersions based on the carrier used and molecular arrangement were underlined. Additionally, it summarizes the mechanisms, the methods of preparing solid dispersions, and the marketed drugs that are available using solid dispersion approaches.
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Microencapsulation of a Commercial Food-Grade Protease by Spray Drying in Cross-Linked Chitosan Particles. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142077. [PMID: 35885320 PMCID: PMC9317512 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the use of spray-drying technology for encapsulating Flavourzyme® (protease–peptidase complex) was evaluated to overcome the limitations (low encapsulation efficiency and no large-scale production) of other encapsulation processes. To the best of our knowledge, spray drying has not been applied previously for the immobilization of this enzyme. Firstly, bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a model protein, was encapsulated by spray drying in chitosan and tripolyphoshate (TPP) cross-linked-chitosan shell matrices. The results showed that the chitosan–TPP microcapsules provided a high encapsulation efficiency and better protein stability compared to the non-crosslinked chitosan microcapsules. The effect of enzyme concentration and drying temperature were tested during the spray drying of Flavourzyme®. In this regard, an activity yield of 88.0% and encapsulation efficiency of 78.6% were obtained with a concentration of 0.1% (v/v) and an inlet temperature of 130 °C. Flavourzyme®-loaded chitosan microcapsules were also characterized in terms of their size and morphology using scanning electron microscopy and laser diffractometry.
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Manipulation of Spray-Drying Conditions to Develop an Inhalable Ivermectin Dry Powder. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071432. [PMID: 35890327 PMCID: PMC9325229 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, predominantly affects the respiratory tract. As a consequence, it seems intuitive to develop antiviral agents capable of targeting the virus right on its main anatomical site of replication. Ivermectin, a U.S. FDA-approved anti-parasitic drug, was originally shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro, albeit at relatively high concentrations, which is difficult to achieve in the lung. In this study, we tested the spray-drying conditions to develop an inhalable dry powder formulation that could ensure sufficient antiviral drug concentrations, which are difficult to achieve in the lungs based on the oral dosage used in clinical trials. Here, by using ivermectin as a proof-of-concept, we evaluated spray-drying conditions that could lead to the development of antivirals in an inhalable dry powder formulation, which could then be used to ensure sufficient drug concentrations in the lung. Thus, we used ivermectin in proof-of-principle experiments to evaluate our system, including physical characterization and in vitro aerosolization of prepared dry powder. The ivermectin dry powder was prepared with a mini spray-dryer (Buchi B-290), using a 23 factorial design and manipulating spray-drying conditions such as feed concentration (0.2% w/v and 0.8% w/v), inlet temperature (80 °C and 100 °C) and presence/absence of L-leucine (0% and 10%). The prepared dry powder was in the size range of 1−5 μm and amorphous in nature with wrinkle morphology. We observed a higher fine particle fraction (82.5 ± 1.4%) in high feed concentration (0.8% w/v), high inlet temperature (100 °C) and the presence of L-leucine (10% w/w). The stability study conducted for 28 days confirmed that the spray-dried powder was stable at 25 ± 2 °C/<15% RH and 25 ± 2 °C/ 53% RH. Interestingly, the ivermectin dry powder formulation inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro with a potency similar to ivermectin solution (EC50 values of 15.8 µM and 14.1 µM, respectively), with a comparable cell toxicity profile in Calu-3 cells. In summary, we were able to manipulate the spray-drying conditions to develop an effective ivermectin inhalable dry powder. Ongoing studies based on this system will allow the development of novel formulations based on single or combinations of drugs that could be used to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in the respiratory tract.
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Osmanović Omerdić E, Alagić-Džambić L, Krstić M, Pašić-Kulenović M, Medarević Đ, Ivković B, Vasiljević D. Long-term stability of clopidogrel solid dispersions-Importance of in vitro dissolution test. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266237. [PMID: 35377908 PMCID: PMC8979437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Formulation of solid dispersions (SDs), in which the drug substance is dissolved or dispersed inside a polymer matrix, is one of the modern approaches to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), such as clopidogrel. In the form of a free base, clopidogrel is unstable under increased both high moisture and temperature, so it is most often used as its salt form, clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (CHS).The aim of this study was the formulation, characterization, and long-term stability investigation of CHS solid dispersions, prepared with four different hydrophilic polymers (poloxamer 407, macrogol 6000, povidone, copovidone) in five API/polymer ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:5, 1:9). SDs were prepared by the solvent evaporation method, employing ethanol (96% v/v) as a solvent. Initial results of the in vitro dissolution test showed an increase in the amount of dissolved CHS from all prepared SD samples compared to pure CHS, corresponding physical mixtures (PMs), and commercial tablets. SDs, prepared with poloxamer 407, macrogol 6000, and copovidone, at CHS/polymer ratios 1:5 and 1:9, notably increased the amount of dissolved CHS (> 80%, after 60 min), thus they were selected for further characterization. To assess the SDs long-term stability, in vitro dissolution studies, clopidogrel content determination, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were performed initially and after 12 months of long-term stability studies under controlled conditions (25°C, 60% RH) meeting the ICH guideline Q1A (R2) requirements. The clopidogrel content in the selected samples was very similar at the beginning (96.13% to 99.93%) and at the end (95.98% to 99.86%) of the conducted test. DSC curves and FT-IR spectra of all SD samples after 12 months of stability study, showed the absence of CHS crystallization, which is an indication of good stability. However, the in vitro dissolution test showed a considerable reduction in CHS released from SDs with macrogol 6000. The amount of dissolved CHS from SDs with macrogol 6000 was initially 94.02% and 92.01%, and after 12 months of stability study, only 65.13% and 49.62%. In contrast, the amount of dissolved CHS from SDs prepared with poloxamer 407 and copovidone was very similar after 12 months of the stability study compared to the initial values. Results obtained indicated the great importance of the in vitro dissolution test in determining the long-term stability and quality of SDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larisa Alagić-Džambić
- Quality Assurance and Quality Control Department, Bosnalijek d.d., Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marko Krstić
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Pašić-Kulenović
- Development and Registration Department, Bosnalijek d.d., Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Đorđe Medarević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Ivković
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Vasiljević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade—Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Ipar VS, Singhal RS, Devarajan PV. An innovative approach using microencapsulated turmeric oleoresin to develop ready-to-use turmeric milk powder with enhanced oral bioavailability. Food Chem 2022; 373:131400. [PMID: 34742044 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The use of phytochemicals for nutritional wellness has attracted worldwide attention and resulted in development of innovative formulations. Turmeric latte is one such formulation. However, an in-depth study on its physicochemical properties and oral bioavailability has not been conducted as yet. We present a ready-to-use turmeric latte by microencapsulating turmeric oleoresin (TO) with a blend of gum acacia, maltodextrin, and dairy whitener (DW) with bioenhancers by spray drying. The microencapsulated powder obtained exhibited >95% encapsulation efficiency, desired curcumin content, of 539.98 ± 6.56 to 706.40 ± 5.25 mg/100 g, wettability time below 40 s, and dispersibility above 95%. Turmeric latte released >95% of curcumin at pH 1.2 HCl with 0.1% Tween 80, which was ascribed in part to curcumin amorphization as evidenced by DSC and XRD. Turmeric latte demonstrated superior antioxidant activity with 4.2-fold enhanced permeability through non-everted rat intestine and 4.9-fold higher oral bioavailability in rats confirming bioenhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod S Ipar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padma V Devarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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13
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Boel E, Reniers F, Dehaen W, Van den Mooter G. The Value of Bead Coating in the Manufacturing of Amorphous Solid Dispersions: A Comparative Evaluation with Spray Drying. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030613. [PMID: 35335989 PMCID: PMC8955898 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD)-coated pellet formulation offers potential advantages regarding the minimization of physical stability issues, there is still a lack of in-depth understanding of the bead coating process and its value in relation to spray drying. Therefore, bead coating and spray drying were both evaluated for their ability to manufacture high drug-loaded ASDs and for their ability to generate physically stable formulations. For this purpose, naproxen (NAP)–poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA) was selected as an interacting drug–polymer model system, whilst naproxen methyl ester (NAPME)–PVP-VA served as a non-interacting model system. The solvent employed in this study was methanol (MeOH). First, a crystallization tendency study revealed the rapid crystallization behavior of both model drugs. In the next step, ASDs were manufactured with bead coating as well as with spray drying and for each technique the highest possible drug load that still results in an amorphous system was defined via a drug loading screening approach. Bead coating showed greater ability to manufacture high drug-loaded ASDs as compared to spray drying, with a rather small difference for the interacting drug–polymer model system studied but with a remarkable difference for the non-interacting system. In addition, the importance of drug–polymer interactions in achieving high drug loadings is demonstrated. Finally, ASDs coated onto pellets were found to be more physically stable in comparison to the spray dried formulations, strengthening the value of bead coating for ASD manufacturing purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Boel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Felien Reniers
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.R.); (W.D.)
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.R.); (W.D.)
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-33-03-04
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14
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Gupta A, Paudwal G, Dolkar R, Lewis S, Gupta PN. Recent advances in the surfactant and controlled release polymer-based solid dispersion. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1643-1659. [PMID: 35209818 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220223095417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The oral route is the most preferred delivery route for drug administration due to its advantages such as lower cost, improved patient compliance, no need for trained personnel and the drug reactions are generally less severe. The major problem with new molecules in the drug discovery pipeline is poor solubility and dissolution rate that ultimately results in low oral bioavailability. Numerous techniques are available for solubility and bioavailability (BA) enhancement, but out of all, solid dispersion (SD) is proven to be the most feasible due to the least issues in manufacturing, processing, storage, and transportation. In the past few years, SD had been extensively applied to reinforce the common issues of insoluble drugs. Currently, many hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers are used to prepare either immediate release or controlled release SDs. Therefore, the biological behavior of the SDs is contingent upon the use of appropriate polymeric carriers and methods of preparation. The exploration of novel carriers and methodologies in SD technology leads to improved BA and therapeutic effectiveness. Moreover, the clinical applicability of SD-based formulations has been increased with the discovery of novel polymeric carriers. In this review, emphasis is laid down on the present status of recent generations of SDs (i.e., surfactant and controlled release polymer-based SD) and their application in modifying the physical properties of the drug and modulation of pharmacological response in different ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Gupta
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Gourav Paudwal
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Rigzin Dolkar
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Shaila Lewis
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MAHE, Manipal-576104, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-180002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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15
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Thermodynamic Balance vs. Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach for the Outlet Temperature Estimation of a Benchtop Spray Dryer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020296. [PMID: 35214029 PMCID: PMC8877328 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of design space (DS) is a key milestone in the quality by design (QbD) of pharmaceutical processes. It should be considered from early laboratory development to industrial production, in order to support scientists with making decisions at each step of the product’s development life. Presently, there are no available data or methodologies for developing models for the implementation of design space (DS) on laboratory-scale spray dryers. Therefore, in this work, a comparison between two different modeling approaches, thermodynamics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), to a laboratory spray dryer model have been evaluated. The models computed the outlet temperature (Tout) of the process with a new modeling strategy that includes machine learning to improve the model prediction. The model metrics calculated indicate how the thermodynamic model fits Tout data better than CFD; indeed, the error of the CFD model increases towards higher values of Tout and feed rate (FR), with a final mean absolute error of 10.43 K, compared to the 1.74 K error of the thermodynamic model. Successively, a DS of the studied spray dryer equipment has been implemented, showing how Tout is strongly affected by FR variation, which accounts for about 40 times more than the gas flow rate (Gin) in the DS. The thermodynamic model, combined with the machine learning approach here proposed, could be used as a valid tool in the QbD development of spray-dried pharmaceutical products, starting from their early laboratory stages, replacing traditional trial-and-error methodologies, preventing process errors, and helping scientists with the following scale-up.
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16
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Design of water-based polyvinyl alcohol coatings using a drying modifier to minimize the residual solvent and coating defects. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-01019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Schmitt JM, Baumann JM, Morgen MM. Predicting Spray Dried Dispersion Particle Size Via Machine Learning Regression Methods. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3223-3239. [PMID: 35986124 PMCID: PMC9780133 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spray dried dispersion particle size is a critical quality attribute that impacts bioavailability and manufacturability of the spray drying process and final dosage form. Substantial experimentation has been required to relate formulation and process parameters to particle size with the results limited to a single active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). This is the first study that demonstrates prediction of particle size independent of API for a wide range of formulation and process parameters at pilot and commercial scale. Additionally we developed a strategy with formulation and target particle size as inputs to define a set of "first to try" process parameters. An ensemble machine learning model was created to predict dried particle size across pilot and production scale spray dryers, with prediction errors between -7.7% and 18.6% (25th/75th percentiles) for a hold-out evaluation set. Shapley additive explanations identified how changes in formulation and process parameters drove variations in model predictions of dried particle size and were found to be consistent with mechanistic understanding of the particle formation process. Additionally, an optimization strategy used the predictive model to determine initial estimates for process parameter values that best achieve a target particle size for a provided formulation. The optimization strategy was employed to estimate process parameters in the hold-out evaluation set and to illustrate selection of process parameters during scale-up. The results of this study illustrate how trained regression models can reduce the experimental effort required to create an in-silico design space for new molecules during early-stage process development and subsequent scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Schmitt
- Computational Science, Lonza, 1201 NW Wall St, Bend, OR 97703 USA
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18
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Nespi M, Kuhn R, Yen CW, Lubach JW, Leung D. Optimization of Spray-Drying Parameters for Formulation Development at Preclinical Scale. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:28. [PMID: 34931259 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spray-drying dispersion (SDD) is a well-established manufacturing technique used to prepare amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs), allowing for poorly soluble drugs to have improved bioavailability. However, the process of spray-drying with multiple factors and numerous variables can lead to a lengthy development timeline with intense resource requirements, which becomes the main obstacle limiting spray-drying development at the preclinical stage. The purpose of this work was to identify optimized preset parameters for spray-drying to support the early development of ASDs suitable for most circumstances rather than individual optimization. First, a mini-DoE (Design of Experiment) study was designed to evaluate the critical interplay of two key variables for spray-drying using a BUCHI B-290 mini spray dryer: solid load and atomizing spray gas flow. The critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the ASDs, including yield, particle size, morphology, and in vitro release profile, were taken into account to identify the impact of the key variables. The mini-DoE results indicated that a 5% solid load (w/v %) and 35 mm height atomizing spray gas flow were the most optimized parameters. These predefined values were further verified using different formulation compositions, including various polymers (Eudragit L100-55, HPMCAS-MF, PVAP, and PVP-VA64) and drugs (G-F, GEN-A, Indomethacin, and Griseofulvin), a range of drug loading (10 to 40%), and scale (200 mg to 200 g). Using these predefined parameters, all ASD formulations resulted in good yields as well as consistent particle size distribution. This was despite the differences in the formulations, making this a valuable and rapid approach ideal for early development. This strategy of leveraging the preset spray-drying parameters was able to successfully translate into a reproducible and efficient spray-drying platform while also saving material and reducing developmental timelines in early-stage formulation development.
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19
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Novel trends and opportunities for microencapsulation of flaxseed oil in foods: A review. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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20
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Albetawi S, Abdalhafez A, Abu-Zaid A, Matrouk A, Alhourani N. Recent solubility and dissolution enhancement techniques for repaglinide a BCS class II drug: a review. PHARMACIA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.68.e66586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Repaglinide is an oral blood-glucose-lowering drug used to manage type-2 diabetes mellitus by lowering post-prandial glucose by stimulating insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
According to the biopharmaceutical classification system, repaglinide falls under the class II category. For such drugs, limited solubility and poor dissolution rate are the major hurdles to overcome by formulation scientists, as they hinder drug absorption and lead to inadequate therapeutic effects.
Therefore, this review aims to discuss in depth the various approaches investigated in the past five years to improve the solubility and dissolution of orally administered repaglinide: namely, solid dispersion, co-amorphous technology, cyclodextrin complexation, phospholipid complexes and polymeric micelles, nanocrystals, nanosuspensions and nanofibers.
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21
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Bhujbal SV, Su Y, Pathak V, Zemlyanov DY, Cavallaro AA, Munson EJ, Taylor LS, Zhou Q(T. Effect of Storage Humidity on Physical Stability of Spray-Dried Naproxen Amorphous Solid Dispersions with Polyvinylpyrrolidone: Two Fluid Nozzle vs. Three Fluid Nozzle. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1074. [PMID: 34371765 PMCID: PMC8309117 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a spray drying operation, a two-fluid nozzle (2FN) with a single channel is commonly used for atomizing the feed solution. However, the less commonly used three-fluid nozzle (3FN) has two separate channels, which allow spray drying of materials in two incompatible solution systems. Although amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) prepared using a 3FN have been reported to deliver comparable drug dissolution performance relative to those prepared using a 2FN, few studies have systematically examined the effect of 3FN on the physical stability. Therefore, the goal of this work is to systematically study the physical stability of ASDs that are spray-dried using a 3FN compared to those prepared using the traditional 2FN. For the 2FN, a single solution of naproxen and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was prepared in a mixture of acetone and water at a 1:1 volume ratio because 2FN allows for only one solution inlet. For the 3FN, naproxen and PVP were dissolved individually in acetone and water, respectively, because 3FN allows simultaneous entry of two solutions. Upon storage of the formulated ASDs at different humidity levels (25%, 55% and 75% RH), naproxen crystallized more quickly from the 3FN ASDs as compared with the 2FN ASDs. 3FN ASDs crystallized after 5 days of storage at all conditions, whereas 2FN ASDs did not crystallize even at 55% RH for two months. This relatively higher crystallization tendency of 3FN ASDs was attributed to the inhomogeneity of drug and polymers as identified by the solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance findings, specifically due to poor mixing of water- and acetone-based solutions at the 3FN nozzle. When only acetone was used as a solvent to prepare drug-polymer solutions for 3FN, the formulated ASD was found to be stable for >3 months of storage (at 75% RH), which suggests that instability of the 3FN ASD was due to the insufficient mixing of water and acetone solutions. This study provides insights into the effects of solvent and nozzle choices on the physical stability of spray-dried ASDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal V. Bhujbal
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.V.B.); (Y.S.); (V.P.); (E.J.M.); (L.S.T.)
| | - Yongchao Su
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.V.B.); (Y.S.); (V.P.); (E.J.M.); (L.S.T.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Vaibhav Pathak
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.V.B.); (Y.S.); (V.P.); (E.J.M.); (L.S.T.)
| | - Dmitry Y. Zemlyanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Alex-Anthony Cavallaro
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia;
| | - Eric J. Munson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.V.B.); (Y.S.); (V.P.); (E.J.M.); (L.S.T.)
| | - Lynne S. Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.V.B.); (Y.S.); (V.P.); (E.J.M.); (L.S.T.)
| | - Qi (Tony) Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.V.B.); (Y.S.); (V.P.); (E.J.M.); (L.S.T.)
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22
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Tran PHL, Lee BJ, Tran TTD. Fast-Dissolving Solid Dispersions for the Controlled Release of Poorly Watersoluble Drugs. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1498-1506. [PMID: 33087026 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201021125844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Solid dispersions offer many advantages for oral drug delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs over other systems, including an increase in drug solubility and drug dissolution. An improvement in drug absorption and the higher bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients in the gastrointestinal tract have been reported in various studies. In certain circumstances, a rapid pharmacological effect is required for patients. Fastdissolving solid dispersions provide an ideal formulation in such cases. This report will provide an overview of current studies on fast-dissolving solid dispersions, including not only solid dispersion powders with fast dissolution rates but also specific dose form for the controlled release of poorly water-soluble drugs. Specifically, the applications of fast-dissolving solid dispersions will be described in every specific case. Moreover, pharmaceutical approaches and the utilization of polymers will be summarized. The classification and analysis of fastdissolving solid dispersions could provide insight into strategies and potential applications in future drug delivery developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Thao T D Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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23
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Abstract
Spray drying is a versatile technology that has been applied widely in the chemical, food, and, most recently, pharmaceutical industries. This review focuses on engineering advances and the most significant applications of spray drying for pharmaceuticals. An in-depth view of the process and its use is provided for amorphous solid dispersions, a major, growing drug-delivery approach. Enhanced understanding of the relationship of spray-drying process parameters to final product quality attributes has made robust product development possible to address a wide range of pharmaceutical problem statements. Formulation and process optimization have leveraged the knowledge gained as the technology has matured, enabling improved process development from early feasibility screening through commercial applications. Spray drying's use for approved small-molecule oral products is highlighted, as are emerging applications specific to delivery of biologics and non-oral delivery of dry powders. Based on the changing landscape of the industry, significant future opportunities exist for pharmaceutical spray drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Baumann
- Small Molecules, Lonza Pharma & Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97701, USA; , ,
| | - Molly S Adam
- Small Molecules, Lonza Pharma & Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97701, USA; , ,
| | - Joel D Wood
- Small Molecules, Lonza Pharma & Biotech, Bend, Oregon 97701, USA; , ,
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24
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Benke E, Winter C, Szabó-Révész P, Roblegg E, Ambrus R. The effect of ethanol on the habit and in vitro aerodynamic results of dry powder inhalation formulations containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride. Asian J Pharm Sci 2021; 16:471-482. [PMID: 34703496 PMCID: PMC8520052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the case of dry powder inhalation systems (DPIs), the development of carrier-free formulations has gained increased attention. Thereby, spray-drying is a promising technology and is widely used to produce carrier-free DPIs. Numerous works have been published about the co-spray-drying of active ingredients with various solid excipients and their effect on the physicochemical characteristics and aerodynamic properties of the formulations. However, only a few studies have been reported about the role of the solvents used in the stock solutions of spray-dried formulations. In the present work, DPI microcomposites containing ciprofloxacin hydrochloride were prepared by spray-drying in the presence of different ethanol concentrations. The work expresses the roughness, depth and width of the dimples for particle size as a novel calculation possibility, and as a correlation between the MMAD/D0.5 ratio and correlating it with cohesion work, these new terms and correlations have not been published – to the best of our knowledge – which has resulted in gap-filling findings. As a result, different proportions of solvent mixtures could be interpreted and placed in a new perspective, in which the influence of different concentrations of ethanol on the habit of the DPI formulations, and thus on in vitro aerodynamic results. Based on these, it became clear why we obtained the best in vitro aerodynamic results for DPI formulation containing 30% ethanol in the stock solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Benke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Christina Winter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, Graz A-8010, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, Graz A-8010, Austria
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Eva Roblegg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, Graz A-8010, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, Graz A-8010, Austria
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- Corresponding author.
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25
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Hot-Melt Extruded Amorphous Solid Dispersion for Solubility, Stability, and Bioavailability Enhancement of Telmisartan. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14010073. [PMID: 33477557 PMCID: PMC7831136 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Telmisartan (TEL, an antihypertensive drug) belongs to Class II of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) because of its poor aqueous solubility. In this study, we enhanced the solubility, bioavailability, and stability of TEL through the fabrication of TEL-loaded pH-modulated solid dispersion (TEL pHM-SD) using hot-melt extrusion (HME) technology. We prepared different TEL pHM-SD formulations by varying the ratio of the drug (TEL, 10-60% w/w), the hydrophilic polymer (Soluplus®, 30-90% w/w), and pH-modifier (sodium carbonate, 0-10% w/w). More so, the tablets prepared from an optimized formulation (F8) showed a strikingly improved in vitro dissolution profile (~30-fold) compared to the free drug tablets. The conversion of crystalline TEL to its amorphous state is observed through solid-state characterizations. During the stability study, F8 tablets had a better stability profile compared to the commercial product with F8, showing higher drug content, low moisture content, and negligible physical changes. Moreover, compared to the TEL powder, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed superior pharmacokinetic parameters, with maximum serum concentration (Cmax) and area under the drug concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) of the TEL pHM-SD formulation increasing by 6.61- and 5.37-fold, respectively. Collectively, the results from the current study showed that the inclusion of a hydrophilic polymer, pH modulator, and the amorphization of crystalline drugs in solid dispersion prepared by HME can be an effective strategy to improve the solubility and bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs without compromising the drug's physical stability.
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26
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Chaurasiya B, Zhao YY. Dry Powder for Pulmonary Delivery: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:pharmaceutics13010031. [PMID: 33379136 PMCID: PMC7824629 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary route has long been used for drug administration for both local and systemic treatment. It possesses several advantages, which can be categorized into physiological, i.e., large surface area, thin epithelial membrane, highly vascularized, limited enzymatic activity, and patient convenience, i.e., non-invasive, self-administration over oral and systemic routes of drug administration. However, the formulation of dry powder for pulmonary delivery is often challenging due to restrictions on aerodynamic size and the lung’s lower tolerance capacity in comparison with an oral route of drug administration. Various physicochemical properties of dry powder play a major role in the aerosolization, deposition, and clearance along the respiratory tract. To prepare suitable particles with optimal physicochemical properties for inhalation, various manufacturing methods have been established. The most frequently used industrial methods are milling and spray-drying, while several other alternative methods such as spray-freeze-drying, supercritical fluid, non-wetting templates, inkjet-printing, thin-film freezing, and hot-melt extrusion methods are also utilized. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the respiratory tract structure, particle deposition patterns, and possible drug-clearance mechanisms from the lungs. This review also includes the physicochemical properties of dry powder, various techniques used for the preparation of dry powders, and factors affecting the clinical efficacy, as well as various challenges that need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birendra Chaurasiya
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Program for Lung and Vascular Biology, Stanley Manne Children’s Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Medicine (Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Division), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(312)-503-7593
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Xu P, Dai Z, Li D, Liu C, Wu C, Song J. Preparation, optimization, characterization, and in vitro bioaccessibility of a lutein microparticle using spray drying with β‐cyclodextrin and stevioside. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng‐Xiang Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Zhu‐Qing Dai
- Institute of Agro‐product Processing Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Da‐Jing Li
- Institute of Agro‐product Processing Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Chun‐Quan Liu
- Institute of Agro‐product Processing Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing China
| | - Cai‐E. Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- Co‐Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Jiang‐Feng Song
- Institute of Agro‐product Processing Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Nanjing China
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Zhang Z, Dong L, Guo J, Li L, Tian B, Zhao Q, Yang J. Prediction of the physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions: relationship of aging and phase separation with the thermodynamic and kinetic models along with characterization techniques. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 18:249-264. [PMID: 33112679 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1844181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Solid dispersion has been considered to be one of the most promising methods for improving the solubility and bioavailability of insoluble drugs. However, the physical stability of solid dispersions (SDs), including its aging and recrystallization, or phase separation, has always been one of the most challenging problems in the process of formulation development and storage.Areas covered: The high energy state of SDs is one of the primary reasons for the poor physical stability. The factors affecting the physical stability of SDs have been described from the perspective of thermodynamics and kinetics, and the corresponding theoretical model is put forward. We briefly summarize several commonly used techniques to characterize the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of SDs. Specific measures to improve the physical stability of SDs have been proposed from the perspective of prescription screening, process parameters, and storage conditions.Expert opinion: The separation of the drug from the polymer, the formation, and migration of drug crystals will cause the SDs to shift toward the direction of energy reduction, which is the intrinsic cause of instability. Furthermore, computational simulation can be used for efficient and rapid screening suitable for the excipients to improve the physical stability of SDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Luning Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jueshuo Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
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29
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Alshehri S, Imam SS, Hussain A, Altamimi MA, Alruwaili NK, Alotaibi F, Alanazi A, Shakeel F. Potential of solid dispersions to enhance solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy of poorly water-soluble drugs: newer formulation techniques, current marketed scenario and patents. Drug Deliv 2020; 27:1625-1643. [PMID: 33207947 PMCID: PMC7737680 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1846638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, solid dispersion (SD) technology had been studied as an approach to produce an amorphous carrier to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The use of suitable carrier and methodology in the preparation of SDs play a significant role in the biological behavior of the SDs. SDs have been prepared using a variety of pharmaceutically acceptable polymers utilizing various novel technologies. In the recent years, much attention has been paid toward the use of novel carriers and methodologies in exploring novel types of SDs to enhance therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability. The use of novel carriers and methodologies would be very beneficial for formulation scientists to develop some SDs-based formulations for their commercial use and clinical applications. In the present review, current literature of novel methodologies for SD preparation to enhance the dissolution rate, solubility, therapeutic efficacy, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs has been summarized and analyzed. Further, the current status of SDs, patent status, and future prospects have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Pharmacy, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil K. Alruwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alotaibi
- General Directorate Health Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Hamid, Thakur N, Thakur A. Microencapsulation of wild pomegranate flavedo phenolics by lyophilization: Effect of maltodextrin concentration, structural morphology, functional properties, elemental composition and ingredient for development of functional beverage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Cui L, Kimmel J, Zhou L, Rao J, Chen B. Combining solid dispersion-based spray drying with cyclodextrin to improve the functionality and mitigate the beany odor of pea protein isolate. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116546. [PMID: 32718639 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The beany flavor of pea protein limits its application in the food industry. This study aimed at addressing this problem by combining the advantages of solid-based spray drying technique and the ability of cyclodextrins (CD) to entrap volatiles. Pea protein isolates (PPI) was extracted by alkaline extraction-isoelectric precipitation, followed by co-spray drying with CD. The resulted PPI-CD showed no major structure changes. HS-SPME-GC-MS coupled to untargeted metabolomics successfully identified 23 aroma compounds that represent the different odorants among PPI-control, physically mixed PPI-CD, and co-spray dried PPI-CD samples. Heat map analysis also showed a remarkable beany odor mitigation effect upon the addition of CD, which was further proved to be due to CD entrapping aroma compounds during spray drying. In the meantime, the functional attributes of PPI-CD were not adversely impacted by the addition of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqi Cui
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | | | - Leon Zhou
- Roquette America Inc., Geneva, IL, 60134, USA
| | - Jiajia Rao
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Bingcan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
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Younis MA, Hetta HF, Abdel-Malek MA, Ali HRH, Atia NN, Tawfeek HM. Combining acetyl salicylic acid and rofecoxib into novel oral tablets normalize platelet function with potential higher tolerability in patients with cardiovascular disorders. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Development of a Surface Coating Technique with Predictive Value for Bead Coating in the Manufacturing of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090878. [PMID: 32942685 PMCID: PMC7559555 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate whether a surface coating technique could be developed that can predict the phase behavior of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) coated on beads. ASDs of miconazole (MIC) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP-VA) in methanol (MeOH) were studied as a model system. First, the low crystallization tendency of the model drug in MeOH was evaluated and confirmed. In a next step, a drug loading screening was performed on casted films and coated beads in order to define the highest possible MIC loading that still results in a one-phase amorphous system. These results indicate that film casting is not suitable for phase behavior predictions of ASDs coated on beads. Therefore, a setup for coating a solid surface was established inside the drying chamber of a spray dryer and it was found that this surface coating technique could predict the phase behavior of MIC-PVP-VA systems coated on beads, in case an intermittent spraying procedure is applied. Finally, spray drying was also evaluated for its ability to manufacture high drug-loaded ASDs. The highest possible drug loadings that still result in a one-phase amorphous system were obtained for bead coating and its predictive intermittent surface coating technique, followed by spray drying and finally by film casting and the continuous surface coating technique, thereby underlining the importance for further research into the underexplored bead coating process.
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Rojas-Lema S, Terol J, Fages E, Balart R, Quiles-Carrillo L, Prieto C, Torres-Giner S. Microencapsulation of Copper(II) Sulfate in Ionically Cross-Linked Chitosan by Spray Drying for the Development of Irreversible Moisture Indicators in Paper Packaging. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092039. [PMID: 32911669 PMCID: PMC7564463 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper(II) sulfate-loaded chitosan microparticles were herein prepared using ionic cross-linking with sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) followed by spray drying. The microencapsulation process was optimal using an inlet temperature of 180 °C, a liquid flow-rate of 290 mL/h, an aspiration rate of 90%, and an atomizing gas flow-rate of 667 nL/h. Chitosan particles containing copper(II) sulfate of approximately 4 µm with a shrunken-type morphology were efficiently attained and, thereafter, fixated on a paper substrate either via cross-linking with STPP or using a chitosan hydrogel. The latter method led to the most promising system since it was performed at milder conditions and the original paper quality was preserved. The developed cellulose substrates were reduced and then exposed to different humidity conditions and characterized using colorimetric measurements in order to ascertain their potential as irreversible indicators for moisture detection. The results showed that the papers coated with the copper(II) sulfate-containing chitosan microparticles were successfully able to detect ambient moisture shown by the color changes of the coatings from dark brown to blue, which can be easily seen with the naked eye. Furthermore, the chitosan microparticles yielded no cytotoxicity in an in vitro cell culture experiment. Therefore, the cellulose substrates herein developed hold great promise in paper packaging as on-package colorimetric indicators for monitoring moisture in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rojas-Lema
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (L.Q.-C.)
| | - Jorge Terol
- Textile Industry Research Association (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.T.); (E.F.)
| | - Eduardo Fages
- Textile Industry Research Association (AITEX), Plaza Emilio Sala 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (J.T.); (E.F.)
| | - Rafael Balart
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (L.Q.-C.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (S.T.-G.); Tel.: +34-963-900-022 (S.T.-G.)
| | - Luis Quiles-Carrillo
- Technological Institute of Materials (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain; (S.R.-L.); (L.Q.-C.)
| | - Cristina Prieto
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Sergio Torres-Giner
- Novel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (S.T.-G.); Tel.: +34-963-900-022 (S.T.-G.)
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The tangential flow absorption model (TFAM) – A novel dissolution method for evaluating the performance of amorphous solid dispersions of poorly water-soluble actives. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:74-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Spray congealed solid lipid microparticles as a sustained release delivery system for Gonadorelin [6-D-Phe]: Production, optimization and in vitro release behavior. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:18-32. [PMID: 32599272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sustained release lipid microparticles for a potential veterinary application were produced by the means of spray congealing using saturated triglycerides with respective surfactants. The spray congealing process was optimized using unloaded and loaded microparticles, revealing the highest impact of the spray flow on material loss. Yield could be optimized by increasing the spray flow as well as a reduction of the melt temperature from 90 to 75 °C. For the delivery system developed in this study, a release of around 15 days was targeted. The release profile was in first hand determined with the use of model substances (aspartame and tryptophan), before incorporating the decapeptide Gonadorelin [6-D-Phe]. Release could be controlled between 2 and 28 d, which was dependent on stability of microparticles upon incubation, type and concentration of emulsifier, as well as the used triglyceride. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction confirmed the crystallization behavior of C14 and C16-triglycerides in combination with various emulsifiers in different modification without impact on release.
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37
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A review of current treatments strategies based on paromomycin for leishmaniasis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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38
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Optimization of the spray-drying process for developing aquasolv lignin particles using response surface methodology. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2020.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Wei Y, Huang YH, Cheng KC, Song YL. Investigations of the Influences of Processing Conditions on the Properties of Spray Dried Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Particles loaded with Theophylline. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1155. [PMID: 31980705 PMCID: PMC6981135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58184-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation of chitosan-tripolyphosphate (chitosan-TPP) particles by the spray drying had been reported word widely for a sustained release of drugs to prevent rapid drug metabolism. Although the spray drying is a straightforward procedure turning a liquid feed into a well-defined dry powder, seldom research works were focusing on how the processing parameters and liquid feeding constitutions of spray drying system might affect the properties of spray-dried chitosan particles loaded with drugs, such as the particle size and morphologies, which would be very important to drug encapsulation and dissolution of the drug delivery design. This study thus prepared the chitosan particles with theophylline (TH) loaded as a model drug and TPP as cross-linker at various spray drying conditions. Our results indicate the diameter of the TH/chitosan-TPP particles made by customized spray drying apparatus spans from 424 to 497 nm with a geometric standard deviation of less than 2. The corresponding release of TH was tunable by the chitosan-TPP matrix density under the selected spray drying temperature and the carrying air flow rate. These results suggest an indeed need for optimized spray drying processing conditions to make the ideal spray-dried TH/chitosan-TPP particles for the desired drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wei
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chung Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Lin Song
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan. .,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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40
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Encapsulation of phenolic-rich extract from banana ( Musa cavendish) peel. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 57:2089-2098. [PMID: 32431335 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Banana peel, a by-product rich in phenolics and other bioactive compounds, has great potentials as a natural preservative or healthy food ingredient. However, the instability of bioactive compounds derived from banana peel limits their applications, and as such encapsulation is necessary to improve their stability and widen their applications. This study investigated the impact of spray drying conditions and coating materials on the physical, phytochemical, and antioxidant properties of the peel extract to identify the most suitable encapsulation process. The results showed that inlet temperature (ranging from 140 to 180 °C) and feeding rate (3-15 mL/min) did not significantly affect the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity but influenced the moisture content and recovery yield of the powder. The ratio of dry matter in fresh extract-to-coating material (DM-to-CM) (1:1-1:7 (w/w)) did not affect the moisture content. However, it affected the TPC, antioxidant properties, and recovery yield of the powder. Finally, the type of coating materials did not significantly affect TPC and antioxidant properties, but other physical properties, dopamine levels and recovery yield. The most suitable encapsulation conditions were identified as an inlet drying temperature of 150 °C, a feeding rate of 9 mL/min, a ratio of DM-to-CM of 1:1 (w/w), and coating with a combination of maltodextrin M100 and gum acacia. Powder prepared under the most suitable conditions had a spherical shape with a rough surface and had stable TPC under storage conditions of 40 °C for 4 weeks. It also has ideal physical, phytochemical and antioxidant properties and is suitable for further applications.
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SreeHarsha N, Venugopala KN, Nair AB, Roopashree TS, Attimarad M, Hiremath JG, Al-Dhubiab BE, Ramnarayanan C, Shinu P, Handral M, Haroun M, Tratrat C. An Efficient, Lung-Targeted, Drug-Delivery System To Treat Asthma Via Microparticles. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:4389-4403. [PMID: 31920288 PMCID: PMC6938183 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s216660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and heart disease are the leading causes of death in developing countries. Public health plays an important role in preventing such diseases to improve individuals' quality of life. Conventional dosage schemes used in public health to cure various diseases generally lead to undesirable side effects and renders the overall treatment ineffective. For example, a required concentration of drug cannot reach the lungs using conventional methods to cure asthma. Microspheres have emerged as a confirmed drug-delivery system to cure asthma. METHOD In this paper, a salbutamol-loaded poly lactic acid-co-glycolic acid-polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) microsphere (SPP)-based formulation was prepared using a Buchi B-90 nanospray drier. Face-centered central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the spray-drying process. RESULTS The drug content and product yield were found to be 72%±0.8% and 86%±0.4%, respectively; drug release (91.1%) peaked for up to 12 hrs in vitro. Microspheres obtained from the spray dryer were found to be shriveled. The experiments were carried out and verified using various groups of rabbits. In our study, the particle size (8.24 µm) was observed to be an essential parameter for drug delivery. The in vivo results indicated that the targeting efficacy and drug concentration in the lung was higher with the salbutamol-loaded PLGA-PEG SPP formulation (1,410.1±10.11 µg/g, 15 mins), as compared to the conventional formulation (92±0.56 µg/g, 10 min). The final product was stable under 5°C±2°C, 25°C±2°C, and 40°C±2°C/75%±5% relative humidity. In addition, these co-polymers have a good safety profile, as determined by testing on human alveolar basal epithelium A549 cell lines. CONCLUSION Our results prove that microspheres are an alternative drug-delivery system for lung-targeted asthma treatments used in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraja SreeHarsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vidya Siri College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, India
| | - Katharigatta N Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban4001, South Africa
| | - Anroop B Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Teeka S Roopashree
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Government College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bandar E Al-Dhubiab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Pottathil Shinu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukund Handral
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PES University, Bengaluru, India
| | - Micheline Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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42
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Chavoshpour-Natanzi Z, Sahihi M. Encapsulation of quercetin-loaded β-lactoglobulin for drug delivery using modified anti-solvent method. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Comparative study of plant protein extracts as wall materials for the improvement of the oxidative stability of sunflower oil by microencapsulation. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Kwon J, Giri BR, Song ES, Bae J, Lee J, Kim DW. Spray-Dried Amorphous Solid Dispersions of Atorvastatin Calcium for Improved Supersaturation and Oral Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E461. [PMID: 31500147 PMCID: PMC6781288 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) technique has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the in vitro/in vivo characteristic of hydrophobic drugs. The low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability of atorvastatin calcium (ATO), a lipid-lowering drug, present challenges for effective drug delivery. The objective of this work was to improve the aqueous solubility, in vitro dissolution, and oral absorption of ATO with amorphous solid dispersion technique prepared by spray-drying method. The optimized ternary formulation comprising of ATO; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), as a hydrophilic polymer; and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), as a surfactant, at a weight ratio of 1/1/0.1, showed significant improvement in aqueous solubility by ~18-fold compared to that of the free drug, and a cumulative release of 94.09% compared to a release of 59.32% of the free drug. Further, physicochemical studies via scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffraction revealed a change from the crystalline state of the free drug to its amorphous state in the ASD. Pharmacokinetic analysis in rats demonstrated 1.68- and 2.39-fold increments in AUC and Cmax, respectively, in the ASD over the free drug. Altogether, hydrophilic carrier-based ASDs prepared by the spray-drying technique represent a promising strategy to improve the biopharmaceutical performance of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewook Kwon
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Bhupendra Raj Giri
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Eon Soo Song
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jinju Bae
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Junseong Lee
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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Costa B, Sauceau M, Del Confetto S, Sescousse R, Ré M. Determination of drug-polymer solubility from supersaturated spray-dried amorphous solid dispersions: A case study with Efavirenz and Soluplus®. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 142:300-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Leimann V, Gonçalves O, Sorita G, Rezende S, Bona E, Fernandes I, Ferreira I, Barreiro M. Heat and pH stable curcumin-based hydrophilic colorants obtained by the solid dispersion technology assisted by spray-drying. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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47
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Lan Y, Xu M, Ohm JB, Chen B, Rao J. Solid dispersion-based spray-drying improves solubility and mitigates beany flavour of pea protein isolate. Food Chem 2019; 278:665-673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Anaya Castro MA, Alric I, Brouillet F, Peydecastaing J, Fullana SG, Durrieu V. Spray-Dried Succinylated Soy Protein Microparticles for Oral Ibuprofen Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:79. [PMID: 30635750 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1250-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential value of succinylated soy protein (SPS) as a wall material for the encapsulation of ibuprofen (IBU), a model hydrophobic drug, by spray-drying was investigated. A succinylation rate of 93% was obtained for soy protein isolate, with a molar ratio of 1/1.5 (NH2/succinic anhydride). The solubility profile at 37°C showed that this chemical modification decreased the solubility of the protein below its isoelectric point, whereas solubility increased in alkaline conditions. Various SPS/IBU ratios (90/10, 80/20, and 60/40) were studied and compared with the same ratio of soy protein isolate (SPI/IBU). High encapsulation efficiency was achieved (91-95%). Microparticles were spherical and between 4 and 8 μm in diameter. The spray-drying of protein/IBU solutions appeared to be beneficial, as it resulted in an amorphous solid dispersion of IBU within the microparticles, coupled with an increase in the thermal stability of IBU. In vitro release was evaluated in acidic (pH 1.2 in the presence of pepsin) and neutral (pH 6.8) conditions similar to those in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. IBU was released significantly more slowly at pH 1.2, for both proteins. However, this slowing was particularly marked for SPS, for which rapid (within 2 h) and complete release was observed at pH 6.8. These results validate the hypothesis that SPS is suitable for use as a coating material for hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) due to its pH sensitivity, which should delay IBU release in the gastrointestinal tract.
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49
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Ziaee A, Albadarin AB, Padrela L, Femmer T, O'Reilly E, Walker G. Spray drying of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals: Critical parameters and experimental process optimization approaches. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 127:300-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Ousset A, Bassand C, Chavez PF, Meeus J, Robin F, Schubert MA, Somville P, Dodou K. Development of a small-scale spray-drying approach for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) screening in early drug development. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:560-574. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1534861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Ousset
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Céline Bassand
- UCB Pharma S.A., Product Development, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Joke Meeus
- UCB Pharma S.A., Product Development, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Florent Robin
- UCB Pharma S.A., Product Development, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Pascal Somville
- UCB Pharma S.A., Product Development, Braine l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Kalliopi Dodou
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
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