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Kakarla R, Vinjavarapu LA, Krishnamurthy S. Diet and Nutraceuticals for treatment and prevention of primary and secondary stroke: Emphasis on nutritional antiplatelet and antithrombotic agents. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105823. [PMID: 39084351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease that causes morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition following ischemic stroke is common in stroke patients. During the rehabilitation, the death rates of stroke patients are significantly increased due to malnutrition. Nutritional supplements such as protein, vitamins, fish, fish oils, moderate wine or alcohol consumption, nuts, minerals, herbal products, food colorants, marine products, fiber, probiotics and Mediterranean diets have improved neurological functions in stroke patients as well as their quality of life. Platelets and their mediators contribute to the development of clots leading to stroke. Ischemic stroke patients are treated with thrombolytics, antiplatelets, and antithrombotic agents. Several systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials recommended that consumption of these nutrients and diets mitigated the vascular, peripheral, and central complications associated with ischemic stroke (Fig. 2). Particularly, these nutraceuticals mitigated the platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation that intended to reduce the risks of primary and secondary stroke. Although these nutraceuticals mitigate platelet dysfunction, there is a greater risk of bleeding if consumed excessively. Moreover, malnutrition must be evaluated and adequate amounts of nutrients must be provided to stroke patients during intensive care units and rehabilitation periods. In this review, we have summarized the importance of diet and nutraceuticals in ameliorating neurological complications and platelet dysfunction with an emphasis on primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishna Kakarla
- KL College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522302, India
| | | | - Sairam Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (IIT BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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2
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Chamorro F, Cassani L, Garcia-Oliveira P, Barral-Martinez M, Jorge AOS, Pereira AG, Otero P, Fraga-Corral M, P. P. Oliveira MB, Prieto MA. Health benefits of bluefin tuna consumption: ( Thunnus thynnus) as a case study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1340121. [PMID: 38628271 PMCID: PMC11018964 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1340121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers are increasingly interested in food products with high nutritional value and health benefits. For instance, fish consumption is linked with diverse positive health benefits and the prevention of certain widespread disorders, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, or cardiovascular diseases. These benefits have been attributed to its excellent nutritional value (large amounts of high-quality fatty acids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals) and bioactive compounds, while being relatively low-caloric. Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus tynnus) is one of the most consumed species worldwide, motivated by its good nutritional and organoleptic characteristics. Recently, some organizations have proposed limitations on its consumption due to the presence of contaminants, mainly heavy metals such as mercury. However, several studies have reported that most specimens hold lower levels of contaminants than the established limits and that their richness in selenium effectively limits the contaminants' bioaccessibility in the human body. Considering this situation, this study aims to provide baseline data about the nutritional composition and the latest evidence regarding the beneficial effects of Atlantic bluefin tuna consumption. A review of the risk-benefit ratio was also conducted to evaluate the safety of its consumption, considering the current suggested limitations to this species' consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - L. Cassani
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - P. Garcia-Oliveira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - M. Barral-Martinez
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - A. O. S. Jorge
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- REQUIMTE/Serviço de Bromatologia, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A. G. Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - M. Fraga-Corral
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - M. A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA)-CITEXVI, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Utri-Khodadady Z, Głąbska D. Analysis of Fish-Consumption Benefits and Safety Knowledge in a Population-Based Sample of Polish Adolescents. Nutrients 2023; 15:4902. [PMID: 38068760 PMCID: PMC10708026 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate fish consumption is common and may result from multiple reasons, especially in adolescents who are a population at particular risk of the negative consequences of not consuming the recommended amounts of fish. The aim of the study was to analyze the knowledge about fish-consumption benefits and safety in a population-based sample of Polish adolescents. The stratified random sampling was conducted within two stages: sampling of counties from all voivodeships in Poland (being the basic administrative units of Poland) and inviting secondary schools from the drawn counties to obtain a sample representative of all regions of Poland. The Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method was applied to gather the data within the study, and a questionnaire concerning knowledge about fish-consumption benefits and safety with 20 true-false statements was applied. Among 1289 participants, the statement with the highest share of correct answers concerned fish being a source of protein (78.9%) and fish-derived fats being health promoting (77.0%). The statement receiving the least correct answers concerned the type of fatty acids found in fish (7.6%) and the risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish (20.5%). Participants who were female, older than 18, underweight, living in an urban environment, from a region far away from the sea and from comprehensive schools provided a higher share of correct answers than other subgroups (p < 0.05). Knowledge concerning fish-consumption benefits and safety among Polish adolescents is in many cases inadequate; thus, nutritional education is needed, especially among younger adolescents, those attending vocational schools, males and those living in a rural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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Tan K, Huang L, Tan K, Lim L, Peng Y, Cheong KL. Effects of culinary treatments on the lipid nutritional quality of fish and shellfish. Food Chem X 2023; 19:100856. [PMID: 37780264 PMCID: PMC10534239 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Seafood, especially fish and shellfish, is a healthy food that reduces the risk of CHD. In many regions, seafood is consumed cooked to eliminate potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Although there have been many reports of culinary preparations causing changes in the fatty acid profile of fish and shellfish, this information has not been well organized, and most of it is not associated to CHD. Therefore, this study was conducted to study the effect of culinary treatments of seafood on lipid nutritional quality in relation to promotion/prevention of CHD. In this study, fatty acid profiles of fish and shellfish prepared with different culinary preparations were obtained from published literature. Lipid nutritional quality indices related to promoting/preventing CHD were calculated and analyzed to reveal the effects of culinary treatment on the lipid nutritional quality of fish and shellfish in promoting/preventing of CHD. The information in this article is very useful and can fill the knowledge gap of the effects of culinary preparation on the lipid nutritional quality of fish and shellfish. Such information is very useful for guiding consumers to choose better ways to cook fish and shellfish to reduce the risk of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Leiheng Huang
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kianann Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Leongseng Lim
- Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ya Peng
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Dopler B. Stroke Prevention. Dela J Public Health 2023; 9:6-10. [PMID: 37701472 PMCID: PMC10494800 DOI: 10.32481/djph.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke has three main subtypes - ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. The most common stroke subtype is ischemic stroke, making up about 88% of strokes. Many of these strokes may be prevented by lifestyle modifications. These lifestyle modifications include engaging in physical activity, dietary changes such as the Mediterranean diet, smoking cessation, and avoiding substance abuse. Addressing medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, lipid management, sleep apnea, and atrial fibrillation will also have a major impact on stroke prevention. In addition to stroke prevention, these strategies help with overall brain health, which may also have an impact on neurological degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Dopler
- Neurologist, Neurology Center of South Delaware; Tidal Health Nanticoke
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Yoshida S, Shiraishi R, Nakayama Y, Taira Y. Can Nutrition Contribute to a Reduction in Sarcopenia, Frailty, and Comorbidities in a Super-Aged Society? Nutrients 2023; 15:2991. [PMID: 37447315 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Many countries are facing the advent of super-aging societies, where sarcopenia and frailty will become pertinent problems. The prevalence of comorbidities is a major problem in countries with aged populations as elderly people suffer from various diseases, such as diabetes, heart failure, chronic kidney disease and dementia. All of these diseases are associated with sarcopenia and frailty, and they frequently cause falls, fractures, and a decline in activities of daily living. Fractures in the elderly people are associated with bone fragility, which is influenced by diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Nutritional support for chronic disease patients and sarcopenic individuals with adequate energy and protein intake, vitamin D supplementation, blood glucose level management for individuals with diabetes, obesity prevention, nutritional education for healthy individuals, and the enlightenment of society could be crucial to solve the health-related problems in super-aging societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadao Yoshida
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chuzan Hospital, 6-2-1 Matsumoto, Okinawa 904-2151, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Okinawa University, 555 Kokuba, Naha 902-8521, Okinawa, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kinjo University, 1200 Kasama-machi, Hakusan 924-8511, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Shiraishi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chuzan Hospital, 6-2-1 Matsumoto, Okinawa 904-2151, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chuzan Hospital, 6-2-1 Matsumoto, Okinawa 904-2151, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yasuko Taira
- Faculty of Nutrition, Chuzan Hospital, 6-2-1 Matsumoto, Okinawa 904-2151, Okinawa, Japan
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Liao YP, Zheng QX, Jiang XM, Chen XQ, Gao XX, Pan YQ. Fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice consumption and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis : List of all authors. Nutr J 2023; 22:27. [PMID: 37208776 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice intake is associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the conclusion is limited and conflicted. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the association between fruit, vegetable, and fruit juice consumption and the risk of GDM. METHODS To find relevant studies, we searched PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Ovid, EBSCO, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and VIP for the report on prospective cohort studies published from inception to April 8, 2022. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were estimated using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 12 studies with 32,794 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Total fruit consumption was associated with a lower risk of GDM (RR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86-0.99). Whereas an increasing the consumption of vegetable, including all vegetable (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.87-1.03), starchy vegetable (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.82-1.26), and fruit juice (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.91-1.04) was not associated with a reduction in the risk of GDM. In a dose‒response analysis of eight studies, a 3% reduction in risk of GDM for a 100 g/d increase in fruit consumption (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.96-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that higher fruit consumption may reduce the risk of GDM, with a 3% reduction in the risk of GDM for every 100 g/d increase in fruit intake. Higher-quality prospective studies or randomized clinical trials are required to validate the effect of different variations of fruits, vegetables, and fruit juice consumption on the risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Liao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Shangjie Zhen, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Zheng
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Zhanban Street, Jinan District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiu-Min Jiang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Qian Chen
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Zhanban Street, Jinan District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Gao
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, University Town, Shangjie Zhen, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yu-Qing Pan
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Street, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Zhanban Street, Jinan District, Fuzhou City, 350000, Fujian Province, China
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Ferrari L, Panaite SA, Bertazzo A, Visioli F. Animal- and Plant-Based Protein Sources: A Scoping Review of Human Health Outcomes and Environmental Impact. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235115. [PMID: 36501146 PMCID: PMC9741334 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary proteins are indispensable to human nutrition. In addition to their tissue-building function, they affect body composition and regulate various metabolic pathways, as well as satiety and immune system activity. Protein use can be examined from a quantitative or qualitative viewpoint. In this scoping review, we compare animal- and plant-based protein sources in terms of their effects on human health and the environment. We conclude that the consumption of vegetable protein sources is associated with better health outcomes overall (namely, on the cardiovascular system) than animal-based product use. The healthier outcomes of vegetable protein sources dovetail with their lower environmental impact, which must be considered when designing an optimal diet. Indeed, the health of the planet cannot be disjointed from the health of the human being. Future research will clarify the mechanisms of action underlying the health effects of plant-based protein sources when compared with animal sources, fostering better agronomic practices and influencing public health in a direction that will benefit both the planet and its inhabitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ferrari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefan-Alexandru Panaite
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, School of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Bertazzo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
- IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Johansson A, Acosta S, Mutie PM, Sonestedt E, Engström G, Drake I. Components of a healthy diet and different types of physical activity and risk of atherothrombotic ischemic stroke: A prospective cohort study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:993112. [PMID: 36312237 PMCID: PMC9614044 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.993112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and physical activity (PA) are modifiable risk factors thought to influence the risk of ischemic stroke (IS). However, few studies have examined their effect on different subtypes of IS. Aim To examine components of overall diet quality and different types of PA in relation to the risk of atherothrombotic IS (aIS). Materials and methods The study population included 23,797 participants (mean age 58 years; 63% women) from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort. Participants were enrolled between 1991 and 1996 and followed until end of 2016 (median follow-up 21.5 years). Incident aIS events were identified using national registries (total cases 1,937). Measures of PA (total, leisure-time, occupational, and domestic) were assessed using a baseline questionnaire and dietary intakes were estimated using a modified diet history method. Overall diet quality was assessed using a diet quality index. Intake of key food groups and beverages associated with overall diet quality were investigated separately. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multivariable Cox regression models adjusting for confounders. Results A high diet quality with high intake of fruit and vegetables, fish and shellfish and low intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and red and processed meat compared to a low diet quality was associated with lower risk of aIS (HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69–0.97; p = 0.015). Leisure-time PA was associated with reduced risk of aIS (HR = 0.95 per SD increase in MET-hours/week, 95% CI = 0.91–0.99; p = 0.028) with null associations observed for total, occupational and domestic PA level. We observed no significant interaction between diet and PA on the risk of aIS. The standardized 20-year risk of aIS among subjects with low leisure-time PA and low diet quality was 8.1% compared to 6.1% among those with high leisure-time PA and high diet quality. Conclusion Several components of a healthy diet and being physically active may reduce the risk of aIS, however, the absolute risk reduction observed was modest. A high diet quality seemed to have a risk reducing effect regardless of level of PA suggesting that individuals with a sedentary lifestyle may still gain some positive health benefits through a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden,*Correspondence: Anna Johansson,
| | - Stefan Acosta
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Vascular Center, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Pascal M. Mutie
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Pelczyńska M, Burak W, Królak S, Geppert A, Lipczyński M, Grzybołowska J, Kociubiński P. The role of the dietary patterns in the cardiovascular disease risk prevention. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.20883/medical.e704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a part of a wide group of diseases, which became main threat to the life and health of the population in highly developed countries. To prevent and treat CVD, in addition to implementation of pharmacological methods, there are a number of lifestyle components, including eating habits, that significantly influence the development of these diseases. The dietary patterns strongly correlate with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Modifications of the dietary habits allow to control many parameters such as: body weight, cholesterol/triglyceride levels or blood pressure. Alternative diets are frequently used to reduce the risk of developing a CVD. The main recommended dietary patterns includes Mediterranean diet (MD), the DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) and mild variants of vegetarianism. The more controversial nutritional styles includes the ketogenic or vegan diets. Due to various assumptions as well as the mechanisms of action of each diets, an attempt of its evaluation have been made. The aim of our study is to review and analyze the available data on the impact of various nutrition models regarding to cardiovascular diseases risk prevention.
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Wang X, Liang M, Zeng F, Wang Y, Yang Y, Nie F, Shang M, Ta N, Wen L, Ou L, Yang Z, Liu W. Predictive role of modifiable factors in stroke: an umbrella review. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056680. [PMID: 35710238 PMCID: PMC9207927 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of meta-analyses reviewed the existing associations between modifiable factors and stroke. However, the methodological quality of them and quality of evidence remain to be assessed by validated tools. Thus, this umbrella review was conducted to consolidate evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies investigating the association between modifiable factors and incidence of stroke. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort studies from inception until March 2021. Assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews 2 was used to evaluate the methodological quality of each included published meta-analysis. Excess significance test was used to investigate whether the observed number of studies (O) with nominally significant results ('positive' studies, p<0.05) was larger than the expected number of significant results (E). Statistically significant (p<0.05) associations were rated into five levels (strong, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak and no) using specific criteria. Sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS 2478 records were identified through database searching. At last, 49 meta-analyses including 70 modifiable factors and approximately 856 801 stroke cases were included in the present review. The methodological quality of three meta-analyses was low, while others were critically low. Evidence of walking pace was strong. High suggestive evidence mainly included total meat, processes meat, chocolate, sodium, obesity, pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, sleep duration and smoking. Suggestive evidence mainly included dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet, vitamin C, magnesium, depression and particulate matter 2.5. After sensitivity analyses, evidence of DASH diet, magnesium and depression turned to weak. No publication bias existed, except only one study which could be explained by reporting bias. DISCUSSION Diet with rich macronutrients and micronutrients, healthy dietary patterns and favourable physical, emotional health and environmental management should be promoted to decrease the burden of stroke. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021249921.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Man Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fanxin Zeng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuetian Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Fangfang Nie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Mengke Shang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Ta
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lanxin Ou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhibin Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wanyang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Guo N, Zhu Y, Tian D, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Mu C, Han C, Zhu R, Liu X. Role of diet in stroke incidence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies. BMC Med 2022; 20:194. [PMID: 35606791 PMCID: PMC9128224 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the major challenges for the global healthcare system, which makes it necessary to explore the relationship between various modifiable factors and stroke risk. Recently, numerous meta-analyses of prospective observational studies have reported that dietary factors played a key role in the occurrence of stroke. However, the conclusions of previous studies have remained controversial and unclear. Accordingly, we conducted an umbrella review synthesizing and recalculating available evidence to assess the certainty of the associations between dietary factors and stroke. METHODS Relevant meta-analyses examining the associations between dietary factors and stroke were searched in PubMed and Embase databases up to September 1, 2021. For each eligible meta-analysis, two independent reviewers appraised the methodologic quality using the AMSTAR 2 criteria and estimated the summary effect size, 95% confidence intervals, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity between studies, and small-study effects. Moreover, we further assessed the associations between dietary factors and ischemic stroke as well as hemorrhagic stroke. Lastly, a set of pre-specified criteria was applied to qualitatively evaluate the epidemiological credibility of each dietary factor. RESULTS Overall, our umbrella review included 122 qualified meta-analyses for qualitative synthesis, involving 71 dietary factors related to food groups, foods, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Using the AMSTAR 2 criteria, 5 studies were assessed as high quality, 4 studies as moderate quality, and 113 studies as low or critically low quality. We identified 34 dietary factors associated with stroke occurrence, 25 dietary factors related to ischemic stroke, and 11 factors related to hemorrhagic stroke. Among them, high/moderate certainty epidemiological evidence demonstrated an inverse association between intake of fruits (RR: 0.90) and vegetables (RR: 0.92) and stroke incidence, but a detrimental association between red meat (RR: 1.12), especially processed red meat consumption (RR:1.17), and stroke incidence. Besides, the evidence of high/moderate certainty suggested that the intake of processed meat, fruits, coffee, tea, magnesium, and dietary fiber was associated with ischemic stroke risk, while consumption of tea, fruits, and vegetables was relevant to hemorrhagic stroke susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our study has reported that several dietary factors have a significant impact on stroke risk and offered a new insight into the relationship between dietary modification and stroke occurrence. Our results may provide an effective strategy for stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Changqing Mu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Lip GYH, Lane DA, Lenarczyk R, Boriani G, Doehner W, Benjamin LA, Fisher M, Lowe D, Sacco RL, Schnabel R, Watkins C, Ntaios G, Potpara T. OUP accepted manuscript. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:2442-2460. [PMID: 35552401 PMCID: PMC9259378 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of patients with stroke is often multidisciplinary, involving various specialties and healthcare professionals. Given the common shared risk factors for stroke and cardiovascular disease, input may also be required from the cardiovascular teams, as well as patient caregivers and next-of-kin. Ultimately, the patient is central to all this, requiring a coordinated and uniform approach to the priorities of post-stroke management, which can be consistently implemented by different multidisciplinary healthcare professionals, as part of the patient ‘journey’ or ‘patient pathway,’ supported by appropriate education and tele-medicine approaches. All these aspects would ultimately aid delivery of care and improve patient (and caregiver) engagement and empowerment. Given the need to address the multidisciplinary approach to holistic or integrated care of patients with heart disease and stroke, the European Society of Cardiology Council on Stroke convened a Task Force, with the remit to propose a consensus on Integrated care management for optimizing the management of stroke and associated heart disease. The present position paper summarizes the available evidence and proposes consensus statements that may help to define evidence gaps and simple practical approaches to assist in everyday clinical practice. A post-stroke ABC pathway is proposed, as a more holistic approach to integrated stroke care, would include three pillars of management:
A: Appropriate Antithrombotic therapy. B: Better functional and psychological status. C: Cardiovascular risk factors and Comorbidity optimization (including lifestyle changes).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deirdre A Lane
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Radosław Lenarczyk
- Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, The Medical University of Silesia, Silesian Center of Heart Diseases, Curie-Sklodowska Str 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) and Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology (Virchow Klinikum), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Berlin and Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura A Benjamin
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, University College London National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London
| | - Marc Fisher
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Lowe
- Wirral University Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral CH49 5PE, UK
| | - Ralph L Sacco
- UM Clinical & Translational Science Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Renate Schnabel
- University Heart & Vascular Center Hamburg Eppendorf, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Watkins
- Faculty of Health and Care, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - George Ntaios
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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Thomas A, Crivello F, Mazoyer B, Debette S, Tzourio C, Samieri C. Fish Intake and MRI Burden of Cerebrovascular Disease in Older Adults. Neurology 2021; 97:e2213-e2222. [PMID: 34732545 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fish intake may prevent cerebrovascular disease (CVD), yet the mechanisms are unclear, especially regarding its impact on subclinical damage. Assuming that fish may have pleiotropic effect on cerebrovascular health, we investigated the association of fish intake with global CVD burden based on brain MRI markers. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included participants from the Three-City Dijon population-based cohort (age ≥65 years) without dementia, stroke, or history of hospitalized cardiovascular disease who underwent brain MRI with automated assessment of white matter hyperintensities, visual detection of covert infarcts, and grading of dilated perivascular spaces. Fish intake was assessed through a frequency questionnaire, and the primary outcome measure was defined as the first component of a factor analysis of mixed data applied to MRI markers. The association of fish intake with the CVD burden indicator was studied with linear regressions. RESULTS In total, 1,623 participants (mean age 72.3 years, 63% women) were included. The first component of factor analysis (32.4% of explained variance) was associated with higher levels of all 3 MRI markers. Higher fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden. In a model adjusted for total intracranial volume, compared to participants consuming fish <1 time per week, those consuming fish 2 to 3 and ≥4 times per week had a β = -0.19 (95% confidence interval -0.37 to -0.01) and β = -0.30 (-0.57 to -0.03) lower indicator of CVD burden, respectively (p trend < 0.001). We found evidence of effect modification by age such that the association of fish to CVD was stronger in younger participants (65-69 years) and not significant in participants ≥75 years of age. For comparison, in the younger age group, consuming fish 2 to 3 times a week was roughly equivalent (in the opposite direction) to the effect of hypertension. DISCUSSION In this large population-based study, higher frequency of fish intake was associated with lower CVD burden, especially among participants <75 years of age, suggesting a beneficial effect on brain vascular health before manifestation of overt brain disease. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class II evidence that in individuals without stroke or dementia, higher fish intake is associated with lower subclinical CVD on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Thomas
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France.
| | - Fabrice Crivello
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Bernard Mazoyer
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Stephanie Debette
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
| | - Cecilia Samieri
- From the University of Bordeaux (A.T., S.D., C.T., C.S.), INSERM, BPH, U1219; and University of Bordeaux (F.C., B.M.), CNRS, CEA, Groupe d'Imagerie Neurofonctionnelle, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, France
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15
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Hoyles L, Pontifex MG, Rodriguez-Ramiro I, Anis-Alavi MA, Jelane KS, Snelling T, Solito E, Fonseca S, Carvalho AL, Carding SR, Müller M, Glen RC, Vauzour D, McArthur S. Regulation of blood-brain barrier integrity by microbiome-associated methylamines and cognition by trimethylamine N-oxide. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:235. [PMID: 34836554 PMCID: PMC8626999 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communication between the gut microbiota and the brain is primarily mediated via soluble microbe-derived metabolites, but the details of this pathway remain poorly defined. Methylamines produced by microbial metabolism of dietary choline and L-carnitine have received attention due to their proposed association with vascular disease, but their effects upon the cerebrovascular circulation have hitherto not been studied. RESULTS Here, we use an integrated in vitro/in vivo approach to show that physiologically relevant concentrations of the dietary methylamine trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) enhanced blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and protected it from inflammatory insult, acting through the tight junction regulator annexin A1. In contrast, the TMAO precursor trimethylamine (TMA) impaired BBB function and disrupted tight junction integrity. Moreover, we show that long-term exposure to TMAO protects murine cognitive function from inflammatory challenge, acting to limit astrocyte and microglial reactivity in a brain region-specific manner. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the mechanisms through which microbiome-associated methylamines directly interact with the mammalian BBB, with consequences for cerebrovascular and cognitive function. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Hoyles
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham, UK.
| | | | - Ildefonso Rodriguez-Ramiro
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Metabolic Syndrome Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) in Food, E28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Areeb Anis-Alavi
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Khadija S Jelane
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tom Snelling
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Dipartimento di Medicina molecolare e Biotecnologie mediche, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Fonseca
- The Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Ana L Carvalho
- The Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon R Carding
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- The Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, The Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael Müller
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert C Glen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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16
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Kosti RI, Kasdagli MI, Kyrozis A, Orsini N, Lagiou P, Taiganidou F, Naska A. Fish intake, n-3 fatty acid body status, and risk of cognitive decline: a systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis of observational and experimental studies. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1445-1458. [PMID: 34605891 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing supplementation with eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) fatty acids have failed to provide evidence supporting a suggested inverse association between fish intake and dementia risk. OBJECTIVE Dose-response analyses were conducted to evaluate associations between fish intake, all-cause dementia or Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and the effect of EPA/DHA supplementation on cognitive performance. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for original research evaluating either associations between fish intake and dementia or AD, or the impact of EPA and/or DHA supplementation on the risk of cognitive decline. DATA EXTRACTION Data were collected on study characteristics and methods; number of cases/deaths (for observational studies); categories of exposure; model covariates; risk estimates from the most-adjusted model; type and dosage of supplementation (from RCTs); fatty acid levels in blood; and differences in cognition test results before and after supplementation. Risk of bias was assessed through the ROBINS-E and RoB2.0 tools for observational and experimental studies, respectively. DATA ANALYSIS Weighted mixed-effects models were applied, allowing for the inclusion of studies with 2 levels of exposure. Based on findings with low/moderate risk of bias, fish intake of up to 2 portions (250 g) per week was associated with a 10% reduction (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79, 1.02, Ν = 5) in all-cause dementia and a 30% reduction (95% CI: 0.54, 0.89, Ν = 3) in AD risk. Changes in EPA and DHA body status had a positive impact on participants' executive functions, but not on their overall cognitive performance. CONCLUSION The protection offered by fish intake against cognitive decline levels off at intakes higher than 2 portions/week and likely relates to the impact of EPA and DHA on the individual's executive functions, although there remain questions about the mechanisms linking the short- and long-term effects. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42019139528.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena I Kosti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Maria I Kasdagli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Kyrozis
- 1st Neurology Clinic, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicola Orsini
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fani Taiganidou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Encapsulation and Protection of Omega-3-Rich Fish Oils Using Food-Grade Delivery Systems. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071566. [PMID: 34359436 PMCID: PMC8305697 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular consumption of adequate quantities of lipids rich in omega-3 fatty acids is claimed to provide a broad spectrum of health benefits, such as inhibiting inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. Lipids isolated from many marine sources are a rich source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the omega-3 form which are claimed to have particularly high biological activities. Functional food products designed to enhance human health and wellbeing are increasingly being fortified with these omega-3 PUFAs because of their potential nutritional and health benefits. However, food fortification with PUFAs is challenging because of their low water-solubility, their tendency to rapidly oxidize, and their variable bioavailability. These challenges can be addressed using advanced encapsulation technologies, which typically involve incorporating the omega-3 oils into well-designed colloidal particles fabricated from food-grade ingredients, such as liposomes, emulsion droplets, nanostructured lipid carriers, or microgels. These omega-3-enriched colloidal dispersions can be used in a fluid form or they can be converted into a powdered form using spray-drying, which facilitates their handling and storage, as well as prolonging their shelf life. In this review, we provide an overview of marine-based omega-3 fatty acid sources, discuss their health benefits, highlight the challenges involved with their utilization in functional foods, and present the different encapsulation technologies that can be used to improve their performance.
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18
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Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, Cockroft KM, Gutierrez J, Lombardi-Hill D, Kamel H, Kernan WN, Kittner SJ, Leira EC, Lennon O, Meschia JF, Nguyen TN, Pollak PM, Santangeli P, Sharrief AZ, Smith SC, Turan TN, Williams LS. 2021 Guideline for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients With Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2021; 52:e364-e467. [PMID: 34024117 DOI: 10.1161/str.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1185] [Impact Index Per Article: 395.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Krittanawong C, Isath A, Hahn J, Wang Z, Narasimhan B, Kaplin SL, Jneid H, Virani SS, Tang WHW. Fish Consumption and Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review. Am J Med 2021; 134:713-720. [PMID: 33444594 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies evaluating fish consumption and cardiovascular disease events have shown inconsistent results. We performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed publications from an extensive query of Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception to September 2020 for observational studies that reported the association between fish consumption and cardiovascular disease events. We identified and reviewed 24 studies related to fish consumption and the effect on cardiovascular outcomes. The study population included a total of 714,526 individuals and multiple cohorts from several countries. We found that nonfried fish consumption is probably associated with a reduced risk of overall cardiovascular disease events and myocardial infarction risk. In contrast, fried fish consumption is probably associated with an increased risk of overall cardiovascular disease events and myocardial infarction risk. No studies to date have shown any significant association between fish consumption and stroke. Our analysis suggests that fish consumption may reduce cardiovascular disease events, but fried fish consumption was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayakrit Krittanawong
- The Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
| | - Ameesh Isath
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Joshua Hahn
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhen Wang
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery; Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Bharat Narasimhan
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Scott L Kaplin
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Hani Jneid
- The Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Salim S Virani
- The Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
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20
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Del Brutto OH, Recalde BY, Mera RM. Dietary Oily Fish Intake is Inversely Associated with Severity of White Matter Hyperintensities of Presumed Vascular Origin. A Population-Based Study in Frequent Fish Consumers of Amerindian Ancestry. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:105778. [PMID: 33836465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oily fish is a major dietary source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and other nutrients that may reduce the expression of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) biomarkers, including white matter hyperintensities (WMH) of presumed vascular origin. However, information on this relationship is limited. We aimed to assess the association between oily fish intake and WMH severity in a population of frequent fish consumers. METHODS The study included 572 individuals aged ≥60 years living in three neighboring rural villages of coastal Ecuador. Dietary oily fish intake was calculated and all participants received a brain MRI. Logistic regression models, adjusted for demographics, level of education, cardiovascular risk factors and other cSVD biomarkers, were fitted to assess the independent association between amounts of oily fish intake and WMH severity. RESULTS Overall, the mean intake of oily fish was 8.5 ± 4.7 servings per week, and 164 individuals (29%) had moderate-to-severe WMH (according to the modified Fazekas scale). A multivariate logistic regression model disclosed a significant inverse association between the amount of oily fish intake and the presence of moderate-to-severe WMH (OR: 0.89; 95% C.I.: 0.85-0.94; p < 0.001). Predictive margins revealed an almost linear inverse relationship between quartiles of oily fish intake and probabilities of WMH severity, which became significant when the 1st quartile was compared with the 3rd and 4th quartiles. CONCLUSIONS Increased amounts of oily fish intake are inversely associated with WMH severity. Further studies are warranted to determine whether oily fish intake reduces the risk of cSVD-related cerebrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar H Del Brutto
- School of Medicine, Universidad Espíritu Santo - Ecuador, Samborondón, Ecuador.
| | | | - Robertino M Mera
- Department of Epidemiology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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21
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Cao Z, Li S, Yang H, Xu C, Zhang Y, Yang X, Yan T, Liu T, Wang Y. Associations of behaviors, biological phenotypes and cardiovascular health with risks of stroke and stroke subtypes: A prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 33:100791. [PMID: 33842871 PMCID: PMC8020159 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many cardiovascular risk factors for stroke have been reported before, it has not been investigated comprehensively for all major stroke types in large datasets. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of healthy behaviors, biological phenotypes and cardiovascular health (CVH) with long-term risks of strokes events, overall and stroke subtypes (ischemic stroke [IS], intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH], subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH], and unspecified stroke). METHODS Between 2006 and 2010, a total of 354,976 participants (age 40-70 years) in the UK Biobank free of stroke and coronary heart disease were examined and thereafter followed up to 2020. According to American Heart Association guideline, the global CVH included four behavioral (smoking, diet, physical activity, body mass index) and three biological (blood glucose, blood cholesterol, blood pressure) metrics. The behavioral, biological and global CVH score was the sum of four, three, and seven metrics, respectively, and then was categorized into poor, intermediate and ideal group. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of stroke events. FINDINGS A total of 5804 incident stroke cases, including 3664 IS, 714 ICH and 453 SAH, were documented over a median follow-up of 11 years. The risk of stroke decreased significantly and linearly with both increasing behavioral CVH score and biological CVH score. Ideal behavioral CVH group was significantly associated with lower risks of all stroke subtypes, biological CVH was related to stroke events except for SAH. Additionally, the 1-point increment in global CVH score was associated with 11%,13%, 8% and 13% lower risks of stroke, IS, ICH and unspecified stroke, however, there was no significant dose-dependent association between global CVH and SAH. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest inverse linear associations of behavioral, biological and global CVH with long-term risks of stroke and stroke subtypes, except for SAH, highlighting the benefits of maintaining better CVH status as a primordial prevention strategy of stroke. FUNDING The National Natural Science Foundation of China (71,910,107,004, 91,746,205).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cao
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu Li
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxi Yang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological and Gerontology Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Corresponding author.
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22
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New understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of stroke-related sarcopenia. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110721. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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23
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Tang H, Cao Y, Yang X, Zhang Y. Egg Consumption and Stroke Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies. Front Nutr 2020; 7:153. [PMID: 33015124 PMCID: PMC7506150 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study was performed to systematically quantify the association between egg consumption and stroke risk as inconsistent results have been produced. Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library), previous reviews, meta-analyses, and bibliographies of relevant articles were retrieved from prospective cohort studies published before July 1, 2020. The random-effects model was employed to estimate summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A dose-response analysis was also performed when data were available. Results: Sixteen publications involving 24 prospective cohort studies were included in our final meta-analysis. No significant association between egg consumption and stroke risk was identified (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84–1.01) for the highest vs. the lowest quintiles of egg intake. Subgroup analysis indicated that geographic location significantly modified the effect of egg consumption on stroke risk. Higher egg consumption was attributed to a reduced probability of stroke in Asia (RR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.94), but not in North America (RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.77–1.16) or Europe (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.91–1.16). Dose-response analysis demonstrated a nearly J-shaped curve between egg consumption and risk of stroke. A decreased risk was observed for the intake of one to four eggs weekly and an increased risk for the intake of more than six eggs weekly. The results were significant at an intake of 10 eggs weekly. Conclusions: The evidence from this meta-analysis showed that a J-shaped association exists between egg consumption and stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuekang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Huai J, Ye X. Vegetable, Fruit Consumption and Risk of Biliary Cancer: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1322-1332. [PMID: 32731775 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1800767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between vegetable and fruit (VF) consumption and biliary cancer risk. METHOD Relevant studies were identified by a search of MEDLINE and Embase databases. The summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest vs. lowest consumption and dose-response analyses were assessed. RESULTS Fourteen studies were eligible. The summary RRs associated with the risk of biliary cancer for the highest vs. lowest were 0.48 (n = 10; 95% CI: 0.22-0.74; Q = 68.27, Pheterogeneity < 0.001, I2 = 86.8%) for vegetable consumption and 0.47 (n = 13; 95% CI: 0.32-0.61; Q = 32.68, Pheterogeneity = 0.001, I2 = 63.3%) for fruit consumption. Dose-response associations were analyzed for every 100 gram/day increment: for vegetable (n = 8; RR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.20-0.47; Pnon-linearity = 0.35) and for fruit (n = 8; RR = 0.89, 95%CI: 0.66-1.18; Pnon-linearity = 0.20). There was no publication bias among studies (PBegg = 0.53, PEgger = 0.84 for vegetable; PBegg = 0.95, PEgger = 0.64 for fruit). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis indicated that VF consumption may significantly reduce the risk of biliary cancer. Further well-designed prospective studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Huai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, China
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25
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Zhang B, Xiong K, Cai J, Ma A. Fish Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082278. [PMID: 32751304 PMCID: PMC7468748 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies on the impact of fish consumption on coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence have shown inconsistent results. In addition, in terms of CHD mortality, although previous meta-analyses showed that fish consumption reduces the risk of CHD, six newly incorporated studies show that fish consumption has no impact on CHD. Therefore, the results still need to be verified. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the impact of fish consumption on CHD incidence and mortality. Relevant studies were identified from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases up to October 2019. The multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) for the highest versus the lowest fish consumption categories and the 95% confidence intervals were computed with a random-effect model. A restricted cubic spline regression model was used to assess the dose–response relationship between fish consumption and CHD incidence and mortality. Forty prospective cohort studies were incorporated into research. Among them, 22 studies investigated the association between fish consumption and CHD incidence (28,261 cases and 918,783 participants), and the summary estimate showed that higher fish consumption was significantly associated with a lower CHD incidence [RR: 0.91, 95% CI: (0.84, 0.97); I2 = 47.4%]. Twenty-seven studies investigated the association between fish consumption and CHD mortality (10,568 events and 1,139,553 participants), and the summary estimate showed that higher fish intake was significantly associated with a lower CHD mortality [RR: 0.85, 95% CI: (0.77, 0.94); I2 = 51.3%]. The dose–response analysis showed that the CHD incidence and mortality were reduced by 4%, respectively, with a 20 g/day increment in fish consumption. This meta-analysis indicates that fish consumption is associated with a lower CHD incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aiguo Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-0542-2696
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26
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Li N, Wu X, Zhuang W, Xia L, Chen Y, Wu C, Rao Z, Du L, Zhao R, Yi M, Wan Q, Zhou Y. Fish consumption and multiple health outcomes: Umbrella review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Izadi A, Khedmat L, Tavakolizadeh R, Mojtahedi SY. The intake assessment of diverse dietary patterns on childhood hypertension: alleviating the blood pressure and lipidemic factors with low-sodium seafood rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:65. [PMID: 32264876 PMCID: PMC7140568 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood hypertension (CH) is related to the dietary intake and diversity of children. The study aimed to assess the critical role of dietary diversity, and seafood long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) in reducing CH among the Iranian community. METHODS A cross-sectional two-phase study with 7-12-year-old Iranian students was designed. In the initial phase, the socio-demographic characteristics, and blood pressure status (normal, pre-hypertension, and hypertension) based on systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure data were assessed. The 24-h dietary recall questionnaire was used to generate the dietary diversity score (DDS, count of consumed food groups) and dietary variety score (DVS, the cumulative number of daily consumed food items). In the second phase, the association between CH reduction and changes in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TG) levels of schoolchildren intervened by a seafood diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids were assessed using the regression analyses. RESULTS The pre-hypertension and hypertension prevalence rates were 7.8 and 9.15%, respectively. CH was significantly associated with age, gender, and DDS. A significant inverse association was found between the high intake of seafood and CH (P = 0.032). The gas-chromatography analysis showed the high presence of α-linolenic (ALA, 6.72%), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 7.62%), docosapentaenoic (DPA, 5.88%), and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 18.52%) acids in the seafood-based diet (p < 0.05). The low blood pressure levels with regular consumption of this healthy-functional diet were significantly associated with a reduction in BMI, LDL, TC, and TG, and a remarkable increase in 25OHD and HDL levels. The multiple linear regression showed that the SBP was highly associated with the TC (p < 0.001; β = 0.464). CONCLUSIONS The age and DDS were efficient predictors for the different CH status. A regular seafood-rich dietary pattern due to the high LC n-3 PUFAs contents could significantly reduce the obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Izadi
- Department of Pediatric Infection Disease, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khedmat
- Health Management Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Tavakolizadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Yousef Mojtahedi
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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28
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Wu H, Xu L, Ballantyne CM. Dietary and Pharmacological Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgz174. [PMID: 31678992 PMCID: PMC7174038 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The effects of dietary intake of different fatty acids and pharmacological use of fatty acids, specifically long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), on cardiovascular health and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention have been examined in a large number of observational studies and clinical trials. This review summarizes recent data and discusses potential mechanisms. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The review is based on the authors' knowledge of the field supplemented by a PubMed search using the terms seafood, fish oil, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and ASCVD. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS We mainly discuss the recent clinical trials that examine the effects of different types of dietary fatty acids and pharmacological use of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD prevention and the potential mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS While replacement of dietary saturated fat with unsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat in particular, or intake of LC n-3 PUFA-rich seafood has generally shown benefit for ASCVD prevention and is recommended for cardiovascular benefits, data on effects of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD health are inconsistent. However, recent clinical trials support benefits of prescription EPA in ASCVD prevention. n-3 PUFAs may contribute to ASCVD prevention through multiple mechanisms, including lowering plasma triglyceride levels, anti-inflammatory effects, antithrombotic effects, and effects on endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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29
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Association between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Physical Fitness with Body Composition Parameters in 1717 European Adolescents: The AdolesHealth Study. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010077. [PMID: 31892139 PMCID: PMC7019378 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, low levels of physical fitness, and unhealthy eating patterns are responsible for part of the health problems of adolescents today. The current study aimed at examining the association between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), through each answer to the items of the Adherence to the MD Questionnaire (KIDMED), and physical fitness with body composition parameters (body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat, and waist circumference) in 1717 European adolescents (N = 900 boys, N = 817 girls). Data of body composition, physical fitness results, and the answers to KIDMED were analyzed by the Student’s t-test. Additionally, the effect size (ES) was calculated and a Chi-square test analyzed the proportion of participants with and without over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight in each KIDMED question. The relative risk of suffering over waist circumference, overfat and overweight in relation to the responses was calculated by Odd-Ratio. Adherence to the MD did not influence the condition of over waist circumference, overfat and overweight, although certain dietary habits were identified as risk factors for their development. Over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight boys and girls presented higher levels of body mass, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and BMI (p < 0.001; ES = 1.73–3.38), as well as lower levels of all the parameters of the physical fitness analyzed (p < 0.001; ES = 0.45–1.08), except the handgrip test. A direct relationship between fitness and over waist circumference, overfat, and overweight was found.
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30
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Lathuilière A, Mareschal J, Graf CE. How to Prevent Loss of Muscle Mass and Strength among Older People in Neuro-Rehabilitation? Nutrients 2019; 11:E881. [PMID: 31010176 PMCID: PMC6521136 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide but also of disability. Stroke induces certain alterations of muscle metabolism associated with gross muscle atrophy and a decrease in muscle function, leading to sarcopenia. The vast majority of stroke cases occur in adults over 65 years of age, and the prevalence is expected to massively increase in the coming years in this population. Sarcopenia is associated with higher mortality and functional decline. Therefore, the identification of interventions that prevent muscle alterations after stroke is of great interest. The purpose of this review is to carry out a systematic literature review to identify evidence for nutritional and pharmacological interventions, which may prevent loss of muscle mass in the elderly after stroke. The search was performed on Medline in December 2018. Randomized controlled studies, observational studies and case reports conducted in the last 20 years on post-stroke patients aged 65 or older were included. In total, 684 studies were screened, and eight randomized control trials and two cohort studies were finally included and examined. This review reveals that interventions such as amino acid supplementation or anabolic steroid administration are efficient to prevent muscle mass. Little evidence is reported on nutritional aspects specifically in sarcopenia prevention after stroke. It pinpoints the need for future studies in this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Lathuilière
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Julie Mareschal
- Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Christophe E Graf
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospital, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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31
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Nguyen QV, Malau-Aduli BS, Cavalieri J, Malau-Aduli AEO, Nichols PD. Enhancing Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Content of Dairy-Derived Foods for Human Consumption. Nutrients 2019; 11:E743. [PMID: 30934976 PMCID: PMC6520953 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are termed essential fatty acids because they cannot be synthesized de novo by humans due to the lack of delta-12 and delta-15 desaturase enzymes and must therefore be acquired from the diet. n-3 PUFA include α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20:5n-3), docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22:6n-3), and the less recognized docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3). The three long-chain (≥C20) n-3 PUFA (n-3 LC-PUFA), EPA, DHA, and DPA play an important role in human health by reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Up to the present time, seafood, and in particular, fish oil-derived products, have been the richest sources of n-3 LC-PUFA. The human diet generally contains insufficient amounts of these essential FA due largely to the low consumption of seafood. This issue provides opportunities to enrich the content of n-3 PUFA in other common food groups. Milk and milk products have traditionally been a major component of human diets, but are also among some of the poorest sources of n-3 PUFA. Consideration of the high consumption of milk and its processed products worldwide and the human health benefits has led to a large number of studies targeting the enhancement of n-3 PUFA content in dairy products. The main objective of this review was to evaluate the major strategies that have been employed to enhance n-3 PUFA content in dairy products and to unravel potential knowledge gaps for further research on this topic. Nutritional manipulation to date has been the main approach for altering milk fatty acids (FA) in ruminants. However, the main challenge is ruminal biohydrogenation in which dietary PUFA are hydrogenated into monounsaturated FA and/or ultimately, saturated FA, due to rumen microbial activities. The inclusion of oil seed and vegetable oil in dairy animal diets significantly elevates ALA content, while the addition of rumen-protected marine-derived supplements is the most effective way to increase the concentration of EPA, DHA, and DPA in dairy products. In our view, the mechanisms of n-3 LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway from ALA and the biohydrogenation of individual n-3 LC-PUFA in ruminants need to be better elucidated. Identified knowledge gaps regarding the activities of candidate genes regulating the concentrations of n-3 PUFA and the responses of ruminants to specific lipid supplementation regimes are also critical to a greater understanding of nutrition-genetics interactions driving lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang V Nguyen
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
- College of Economics and Techniques, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen 252166, Vietnam.
| | - Bunmi S Malau-Aduli
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - John Cavalieri
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Aduli E O Malau-Aduli
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
- Asia Pacific Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics Organisation (APNNO), CSIRO Food & Nutrition, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Peter D Nichols
- Animal Genetics and Nutrition, Veterinary Sciences Discipline, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville QLD 4811, Australia.
- CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, PO Box 1538, Hobart TAS 7001, Australia.
- Nutrition Society of Australia (NSA), Level 3, 33-35 Atchison Street, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
- Section, American Oil Chemists Society (AAOCS), 2710 S. Boulder, Urbana, IL 61802-6996, USA.
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