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Lopez L, Kogut K, Rauch S, Gunier RB, Wong MP, Harris E, Deardorff J, Eskenazi B, Harley KG. Organophosphate pesticide exposure and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 255:119214. [PMID: 38788790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Several studies have reported immune modulation by organophosphate (OP) pesticides, but the relationship between OP exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection is yet to be studied. We used two different measures of OP pesticide exposure (urinary biomarkers (N = 154) and residential proximity to OP applications (N = 292)) to examine the association of early-childhood and lifetime exposure to OPs and risk of infection of SARS-CoV-2 using antibody data. Our study population consisted of young adults (ages 18-21 years) from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) Study, a longitudinal cohort of families from a California agricultural region. Urinary biomarkers reflected exposure from in utero to age 5 years. Residential proximity reflected exposures between in utero and age 16 years. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood samples collected between June 2022 and January 2023 were detected via two enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, each designed to bind to different SARS-CoV-2 antigens. We performed logistic regression for each measure of pesticide exposure, adjusting for covariates from demographic data and self-reported questionnaire data. We found increased odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection among participants with higher urinary biomarkers of OPs in utero (OR = 1.94, 95% CI: 0.71, 5,58) and from age 0-5 (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 0.54, 6.95).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Lopez
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Katie Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Stephen Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Robert B Gunier
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Marcus P Wong
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.
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Middleton LYM, Nguyen VK, Dou J, Wang H, Patel CJ, Park SK, Colacino JA, Bakulski KM. Environmental chemical-wide associations with immune biomarkers in US adults: A cross-sectional analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118956. [PMID: 38640990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Environmental chemical exposures influence immune system functions, and humans are exposed to a wide range of chemicals, termed the chemical "exposome". A comprehensive, discovery analysis of the associations of multiple chemical families with immune biomarkers is needed. In this study, we tested the associations between environmental chemical concentrations and immune biomarkers. We analyzed the United States cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999-2018). Chemical biomarker concentrations were measured in blood or urine (196 chemicals, 17 chemical families). Immune biomarkers included counts of lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, red blood cells, white blood cells, and mean corpuscular volume. We conducted separate survey-weighted, multivariable linear regressions of each log2-transformed chemical and immune measure, adjusted for relevant covariates. We accounted for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate (FDR). Among 45,528 adult participants, the mean age was 45.7 years, 51.4% were female, and 69.3% were Non-Hispanic White. 71 (36.2%) chemicals were associated with at least one of the eight immune biomarkers. The most chemical associations (FDR<0.05) were observed with mean corpuscular volume (36 chemicals) and red blood cell counts (35 chemicals). For example, a doubling in the concentration of cotinine was associated with 0.16 fL (95% CI: 0.15, 0.17; FDR<0.001) increased mean corpuscular volume, and a doubling in the concentration of blood lead was associated with 61,736 increased red blood cells per μL (95% CI: 54,335, 69,138; FDR<0.001). A wide variety of chemicals, such as metals and smoking-related compounds, were highly associated with immune system biomarkers. This environmental chemical-wide association study identified chemicals from multiple families for further toxicological, immunologic, and epidemiological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Y M Middleton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vy K Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Herong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chirag J Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Program in the Environment, College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Zheng R, Romero-Del Rey R, Ruiz-Moreno F, Garcia-Gonzalez J, Requena-Mullor M, Navarro-Mena AÁ, López-Villén A, Alarcon-Rodriguez R. Depressive symptoms and suicide attempts among farmers exposed to pesticides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 108:104461. [PMID: 38723701 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides safeguard crop health but may diminish cholinesterase activity in farmers, potentially leading to psychiatric disorders like depression and suicide attempts. This study, with 453 participants (225 pesticide-exposed farmers, 228 non-farmers) in Almería, Spain, aimed to investigate the presence of depressive symptoms and suicide attempts, the decrease acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity, and their relationship with pesticide exposure in farmers. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Spanish adaptation of the Beck Depression Inventory, and blood samples were analyzed for AChE and BChE activity. Farmers showed significantly increased risk of moderate/severe depression and suicide attempts compared to non-farmers (OR = 2.18; p = 0.001), with highest risks observed among mancozeb users (OR = 2.76; p = 0.001 for depression) and malathion users (OR = 3.50; p = 0.001 for suicide attempts). Findings emphasize elevated depression and suicide risks among pesticide-exposed farmers, particularly associated with chlorpyrifos, mancozeb, and malathion exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - Raúl Romero-Del Rey
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain.
| | | | - Jessica Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - Mar Requena-Mullor
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
| | | | | | - Raquel Alarcon-Rodriguez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Almería, Almería 04120, Spain
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Ma J, Xiang S, Shi Y, Xie X, Chai A, Li L, Li B, Fan T. Application of ultra-low-volume spray for the control of vegetable disease in greenhouse: Investigation of formulation performance and potential dermal exposure. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2761-2772. [PMID: 38314954 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of pesticides in greenhouse vegetable cultivation is necessary and significant. However, traditional pesticide application methods such as the use of backpack sprayers with water-diluted pesticides have certain drawbacks, e.g., uneven distribution, high labor intensity, and safety risks. RESULTS In this work, fluazinam ultra-low-volume liquids (Flu-ULVs) were prepared using oily solvents as carriers. The effects of different oils on the physical properties of the preparations were investigated. The Flu-ULV can be sprayed directly using a hand-held ultra-low-volume (ULV) sprayer without dilution with water. Compared with commercial water-based suspension concentrates of fluazinam, the Flu-ULV samples showed better wetting of tomato leaves, better atomization, and more uniform droplet distribution. At a dosage of 300 mL/ha, the coverage rate of tomato leaves ranged from 32.47% to 79.3%, with a droplet deposition density of 556 to 2017 droplets/cm2. Application of Flu-ULVs provided 70.86% control efficacy against gray mold in tomatoes, which was higher than those achieved with reference products. Dermal exposure to Flu-ULVs was also evaluated in greenhouse experiments. The coverage rates for all parts of the operator's body ranged from 0.02% to 0.07%, with deposition volumes of 2.23 to 12.26 μg/cm2. CONCLUSION Ground ULV spraying of fluazinam was proved to be an effective and safe management option for the control of tomato gray mold in greenhouses. This study laid a foundation for the use of ultra-low volume spray to control vegetable diseases in greenhouse, especially those induced by high humidity environment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ali Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tengfei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ruiz-González C, Román P, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Cardona D, Requena M, Alarcón R. Environmental pesticide exposure and Alzheimer's disease in southern Spain: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115932. [PMID: 38696970 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The intensive cultivation under plastic in southern Spain has made the agricultural model highly productive. Although strict regulations on pesticide usage exist, exposure to pesticides in the environment has been associated with an increased appearance of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). A cross-sectional study was performed to examine the prevalence and risk of AD related to pesticide exposure in Andalusia (Spain). We utilized the Odds Ratio statistical test to compare the prevalence rate of AD in the exposed and unexposed areas. 40,044 cases were collected from computerized hospital records between 2000 and 2021. Districts with higher pesticide use showed significantly higher prevalence rates and increased risk of developing AD, compared to those with lower pesticide use. These findings provide further evidence supporting an increased risk of AD following environmental exposure to pesticides at the level of the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristofer Ruiz-González
- Torrecárdenas University Hospital, Calle Hermandad de Donantes de Sangre, s/n 04009, Almería, Spain; Research Group CTS-1114 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Pablo Román
- Research Group CTS-1114 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120, Spain
| | - Lola Rueda-Ruzafa
- Research Group CTS-1114 Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120 Almeria, Spain.
| | - Diana Cardona
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120, Spain
| | - Mar Requena
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120, Spain
| | - Raquel Alarcón
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento s/n, La Cañada 04120, Spain
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6
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Godínez-Pérez BM, Schilmann A, Lagunas-Martínez A, Escamilla-Núñez C, Burguete-García AI, Aguilar-Garduño C, Blanco-Muñoz J, Lacasaña M. Pesticide use patterns and their association with cytokine levels in Mexican flower workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:291-302. [PMID: 38270603 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occupational exposure to pesticides is a known risk for disrupting cellular immune response in flower workers due to their use of multiple chemical products, poor work conditions, and inadequate protection. Recently, the analysis of pesticide use patterns has emerged as an alternative to studying exposure to mixtures of these products. This study aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to different patterns of pesticide use and the cytokine profile of flower workers in the State of Mexico and Morelos, Mexico. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on a population of 108 flower workers. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 cytokines were analyzed by means of multiplex analysis, and TNF-α and IFN-γ using an ELISA test. Pesticide use patterns were generated by principal components analysis. RESULTS The analysis revealed that certain patterns of pesticide use, combining insecticides and fungicides, were associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6 and IFN-γ. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that pesticides may possess immunotoxic properties, contributing to increased inflammatory response. However, further comprehensive epidemiological studies are needed to establish a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Schilmann
- National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, 62130, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, 62130, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Escamilla-Núñez
- National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, 62130, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Julia Blanco-Muñoz
- National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, 62130, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, 18011, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian Health and Environment Observatory (OSMAN), Granada, Spain
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7
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Forté CA, Millar JA, Colacino JA. Integrating NHANES and toxicity forecaster data to compare pesticide exposure and bioactivity by farmwork history and US citizenship. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024; 34:208-216. [PMID: 37474644 PMCID: PMC10799167 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farmworkers in the United States, especially migrant workers, face unique barriers to healthcare and have documented disparities in health outcomes. Exposure to pesticides, especially those persistent in the environment, may contribute to these health disparities. OBJECTIVE Quantify differences in pesticide exposure bioactivity by farmworker category and US citizenship status. METHODS We queried the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) from 1999-2014 for pesticide exposure biomarker concentrations among farmworkers and non-farmworkers by citizenship status. We combined this with toxicity assay data from the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast). We estimated adverse biological effects that occur across a range of human population-relevant pesticide doses. RESULTS In total, there were 844 people with any farmwork history and 23,592 non-farmworkers. Of 12 commonly detectable pesticide biomarkers in NHANES, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (OR = 3.76, p = 1.33 × 10-6) was significantly higher in farmworkers than non-farmworkers. Farmworkers were 1.15 times more likely to have a bioactive pesticide biomarker measurement in comparison to non-farmworkers (adjusted OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.87, 1.51). Non-U.S. citizens were 1.39 times more likely to have bioactive pesticide biomarker concentrations compared to people with U.S. citizenship (adjusted OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.64). Additionally, non-citizens were significantly more exposed to bioactive levels of β-hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) (OR = 8.10, p = 1.33 × 10-6), p,p-DDE (OR = 2.60, p = 0.02), and p,p'-DDT (OR = 7.75, p = 0.01). IMPACT STATEMENT Farmworkers are a vulnerable population due to social determinants of health and occupational exposures. Here, we integrate US population chemical biomonitoring data and toxicity outcome data to assess pesticide exposure by farmwork history and citizenship. We find that farmworkers and those without US citizenship are significantly more likely to be exposed to concentrations of pesticides which are bioactive in toxicological assays. Thus, farmworkers employed in the US but who are not citizens could be at increased risk of harm to their health due to pesticides. These findings are important to shape evidence-based policies in regulatory science to promote worker safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanese A Forté
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The University of Michigan, College of Engineering, Michigan Institute of Computational Discovery and Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jess A Millar
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- The University of Michigan Medical School, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- The University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- The University of Michigan College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, Program in the Environment, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Lini RS, Scanferla DTP, de Oliveira NG, Aguera RG, Santos TDS, Teixeira JJV, Kaneshima AMDS, Mossini SAG. Fungicides as a risk factor for the development of neurological diseases and disorders in humans: a systematic review. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:35-54. [PMID: 38288970 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2303481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Although studies show that pesticides, especially insecticides, may be toxic to humans, publications on the neurological effects of fungicides are scarce. As fungicides are used widely in Brazil, it is necessary to gather evidence to support actions aimed at safely using of these chemicals. We investigated through a systematic review of publications on the use of fungicides and consequences of exposure related to nervous system diseases or neurological disorders in humans. The protocol review was registered on PROSPERO and followed the guidelines of the PRISMA-Statement. As far as it is known, there is no apparent systematic review in the literature on this topic. The search was comprised of the following databases: PubMed; Web of Science; Scopus and EMBASE, using groups of Mesh terms and strategies specific to each database. Thirteen articles were selected for this review. Regarding the substances analyzed in the studies, some reported the use of fungicides in general, without separating them by type, while others summarized the categories of all pesticides by their function (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, etc.) or chemical class (dithiocarbamate, dicarboximide, inorganic, etc.). However, most of the articles referred to fungicides that contain the metal manganese (Mn) in their composition. As for neurological disorders, articles addressed Parkinson's disease (PD), neurodevelopmental outcomes, extrapyramidal syndrome resembling PD, cognitive disorders, depression, neural tube defects, motor neurone disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Most investigations pointed to exposure to fungicides, mainly maneb and mancozeb, leading to the development of at least one neurological disease, which suggests the need for further multicentric clinical trials and prospective studies for greater clarity of the research problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Sano Lini
- Department of Health Basic Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Deborah Thais Palma Scanferla
- Department of Health Basic Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Nadya Garcia de Oliveira
- Department of Health Basic Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Raul Gomes Aguera
- Department of Health Basic Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Thais da Silva Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Simone Aparecida Galerani Mossini
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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9
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Khan NH, Jiang E, Qureshi IZ. Effect of Fipronil Exposure on Hematological Aspects of Rhesus Monkeys ( Macaca mulatta): Risk and Toxicity Assessment in Agro-Workers. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:5755-5765. [PMID: 38170119 PMCID: PMC10759453 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s386145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Fipronil (FPN) is a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide, widely used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Published research on FPN toxicity has established the fact that its inhalation or dermal exposure may lead to very serious clinical outcomes in non-target animals. In line to its exposure and toxicity related damage, FPN has been investigated in many invertebrates, however, its exposure-related noxiousness is less reported in higher animals. Objective To assess the FPN-induced effects to agro-workers in the field, in the present study, we used physiological human surrogates, adult rhesus monkeys as models. Method We exposed well habituated, chair restraint adult rhesus monkeys with a field spray concentration of FPN (0.3 mg/1 mL distilled water) through an inhalation route in the closed system. Animals were divided into control and treatment groups, each containing three animals. Inflammatory and hematological effects were determined by evaluating the kidney and liver biomarker enzymes; serum creatinine and alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) levels respectively. Results Our findings reveal that FPN treated monkeys show significantly increased levels of ALT (p = 0.000461), AST (p = 0.0681) and creatinine (p = 0.00656) as compared to the control group. Furthermore, significant differences of red blood cells (RBCs) (p = 0.0139) and white blood cells (WBCs) (p = 0.00642) were also observed in the treated and control group monkeys which reflect strong toxic effects on the blood cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that FPN exposure is very toxic to higher animals and causes severe damage to the liver and kidneys along with other clinical problems. The study highlights the effect and impact of passive inhalation of insecticides in intentionally carefree agro-workers and raises the concern of public awareness toward pesticides use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Human and Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Irfan Zia Qureshi
- Human and Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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10
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Elbanna R, Osman KA, Salama MS. Biomarkers of oral subacute toxicity of deltamethrin in exposed male Albino rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2023; 39:735-753. [PMID: 37877786 DOI: 10.1177/07482337231209360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is one of the most effective pyrethroid compounds, widely employed in veterinary medicine, public health, and farming. Deltamethrin-triggered oxidative stress largely causes serious harm to an organism. Acute toxicity of this compound was extensively investigated, while less information is available on its oral sub-acute effects. This study assessed, in the male Albino rats, the effects of oral gavage of either 0.874 mg/kg (0.01 LD50) or 8.740 mg/kg (0.10 LD50) of deltamethrin for successive 14 days to investigate its effects on biomarkers and to detect the tissue injury in rats following subacute deltamethrin treatment. It was found that levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the brain, kidney, and liver, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and uric acid in serum, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cells (WBC)s, eosinophils, and basophils were significantly reduced compared with untreated rats. However, when rats were treated with deltamethrin for successive 14 days, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in serum and the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) in brain, kidney, and liver, red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV), total protein, monocytes, and basophils and the ratios of neutrophils to lymphocytes, an aggregated marker of systemic inflammation and systemic immune inflammation indexes, significantly increased compared with the control group. Histologic lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, brain, testis, and epidemies in rats exposed to subacute deltamethrin for 14 days, and most tissues of rats treated with 0.10 LD50 of deltamethrin were more affected than those treated with 0.01 LD50. These findings strongly suggest that subacute exposure to deltamethrin caused significant systemic toxicity through oxidative stress resulting in biochemical and histological changes in the studied tissues. These findings highlight the potential harmful effects of deltamethrin and emphasize the importance of understanding the subacute effects of this compound, particularly in the context of veterinary medicine, public health, and farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Elbanna
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Osman
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher S Salama
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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11
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Lozano-Paniagua D, Parrón T, Alarcón R, Requena M, Lacasaña M, Hernández AF. Renal tubular dysfunction in greenhouse farmers exposed to pesticides unveiled by a panel of molecular biomarkers of kidney injury. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117200. [PMID: 37769834 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that chronic exposure to pesticides may cause adverse effects on the health of the exposed population leading to organ-specific toxicity, including kidney damage. Traditional markers used to assess renal function (glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and serum creatinine and cystatin C -Cys-C-) are inadequate to evaluate a potential subclinical renal impairment linked to occupational exposure to pesticides, since levels above the upper limit of normal only occur when renal damage is very extensive. The use of more sensitive biomarkers is therefore needed. This study investigated novel urinary biomarkers of kidney function (microalbuminuria, osteopontin (OPN), trefoil factor 3 (TFF3), β-2-microglobulin, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and Cys-C), together with the aforementioned traditional serum biomarkers, to assess potential kidney damage in farmers exposed to pesticides in an intensive agriculture setting. The study population consisted of 175 greenhouse workers and 91 healthy control subjects from Almeria (Southeastern Spain), a major hub of greenhouse agriculture. Data were collected at two different time-points of the same crop season: a period with greater pesticide use (high exposure period) and another with lower pesticide use (low exposure period). Significantly higher urinary levels of OPN and TFF3 were found in greenhouse workers than in controls, and in the high pesticide exposure period compared to that of low exposure. These changes suggest a subclinical tubular damage linked to pesticide exposure. In contrast, microalbuminuria, GFR, serum creatinine and Cys-C failed to be associated with pesticide exposure, suggesting that glomerular function was spared. Increased OPN and TFF3 levels over time may suggest a gradual progression from tubular dysfunction to chronic kidney disease in the exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tesifón Parrón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Raquel Alarcón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Mar Requena
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain; Andalusian Health and Environment Observatory (OSMAN), Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain; Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain.
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12
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Louati K, Maalej A, Kolsi F, Kallel R, Gdoura Y, Borni M, Hakim LS, Zribi R, Choura S, Sayadi S, Chamkha M, Mnif B, Khemakhem Z, Boudawara TS, Boudawara MZ, Safta F. Shotgun Proteomic-Based Approach with a Q-Exactive Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer for Protein Adductomics on a 3D Human Brain Tumor Neurospheroid Culture Model: The Identification of Adduct Formation in Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase-2 and Annexin-A1 Induced by Pesticide Mixture. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3811-3832. [PMID: 37906427 PMCID: PMC10696604 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are increasingly used in combinations in crop protection, resulting in enhanced toxicities for various organisms. Although protein adductomics is challenging, it remains a powerful bioanalytical tool to check environmental exposure and characterize xenobiotic adducts as putative toxicity biomarkers with high accuracy, facilitated by recent advances in proteomic methodologies and a mass spectrometry high-throughput technique. The present study aims to predict the potential neurotoxicity effect of imidacloprid and λ-cyhalothrin insecticides on human neural cells. Our protocol consisted first of 3D in vitro developing neurospheroids derived from human brain tumors and then treatment by pesticide mixture. Furthermore, we adopted a bottom-up proteomic-based approach using nanoflow ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer for protein-adduct analysis with prediction of altered sites. Two proteins were selected, namely, calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II (CaMK2) and annexin-A1 (ANXA1), as key targets endowed with primordial roles. De novo sequencing revealed several adduct formations in the active site of 82-ANXA1 and 228-CaMK2 as a result of neurotoxicity, predicted by the added mass shifts for the structure of electrophilic precursors. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to adopt a proteomic-based approach to investigate in depth pesticide molecular interactions and their potential to adduct proteins which play a crucial role in the neurotoxicity mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Louati
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Analytics & Galenic Drug
Development-LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Road Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Amina Maalej
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Kolsi
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Rim Kallel
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Gdoura
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Mahdi Borni
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Leila Sellami Hakim
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
| | - Rania Zribi
- Higher
Institute of Applied Studies to Humanities of Tunis (ISEAHT), University of Tunis, 11 Road of Jebel Lakdhar, Tunis 1005, Tunisia
| | - Sirine Choura
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology
Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Basma Mnif
- Department
of Bacteriology, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Khemakhem
- Legal Medicine
Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Tahya Sellami Boudawara
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Zaher Boudawara
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, Avenue of Majida Boulila, University
of sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia
| | - Fathi Safta
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Analytics & Galenic Drug
Development-LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Road Avicenne, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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13
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Louati K, Maalej A, Kolsi F, Kallel R, Gdoura Y, Borni M, Hakim LS, Zribi R, Choura S, Sayadi S, Chamkha M, Mnif B, Khemakhem Z, Boudawara TS, Boudawara MZ, Safta F. Differential Proteome Profiling Analysis under Pesticide Stress by the Use of a Nano-UHPLC-MS/MS Untargeted Proteomic-Based Approach on a 3D-Developed Neurospheroid Model: Identification of Protein Interactions, Prognostic Biomarkers, and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Human IDH Mutant High-Grade Gliomas. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3534-3558. [PMID: 37651309 PMCID: PMC10629271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas represent the most common group of infiltrative primary brain tumors in adults associated with high invasiveness, agressivity, and resistance to therapy, which highlights the need to develop potent drugs with novel mechanisms of action. The aim of this study is to reveal changes in proteome profiles under stressful conditions to identify prognostic biomarkers and altered apoptogenic pathways involved in the anticancer action of human isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant high-grade gliomas. Our protocol consists first of a 3D in vitro developing neurospheroid model and then treatment by a pesticide mixture at relevant concentrations. Furthermore, we adopted an untargeted proteomic-based approach with high-resolution mass spectrometry for a comparative analysis of the differentially expressed proteins between treated and nontreated spheroids. Our analysis revealed that the majority of altered proteins were key members in glioma pathogenesis, implicated in the cellular metabolism, biological regulation, binding, and catalytic and structural activity and linked to many cascading regulatory pathways. Our finding revealed that grade-IV astrocytomas promote the downstream of the mitogen-activated-protein-kinases/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK1/ERK2) pathway involving massive calcium influx. The gonadotrophin-releasing-hormone signaling enhances MAKP activity and may serve as a negative feedback compensating regulator. Thus, our study can pave the way for effective new therapeutic and diagnostic strategies to improve the overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Louati
- Laboratory
of Pharmacology, Analytics and Galenic Drug Development- LR12ES09,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Road Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amina Maalej
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Kolsi
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of
Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rim Kallel
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of
Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Gdoura
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of
Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mahdi Borni
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of
Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Leila Sellami Hakim
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rania Zribi
- Higher Institute
of Applied Studies to Humanities of Tunis (ISEAHT), University of Tunis, 11 Road of Jebel Lakdhar, 1005 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sirine Choura
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology
Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Basma Mnif
- Department
of Bacteriology, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of
Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Khemakhem
- Legal Medicine
Department, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of
Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahya Sellami Boudawara
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of
Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Zaher Boudawara
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty of
Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fathi Safta
- Laboratory
of Pharmacology, Analytics and Galenic Drug Development- LR12ES09,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Road Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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14
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Palaniswamy S, Abass K, Rysä J, Grimalt JO, Odland JØ, Rautio A, Järvelin MR. Investigating the relationship between non-occupational pesticide exposure and metabolomic biomarkers. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1248609. [PMID: 37900012 PMCID: PMC10602903 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between pesticide exposures and metabolomics biomarkers is not well understood. We examined the changes in the serum metabolome (early biomarkers) and the metabolic pathways associated with various pesticide exposure scenarios (OPE: overall exposure, PEM: exposure in months, PEY: exposure in years, and PEU: reported specific pesticides use) using data from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 31-year cross-sectional examination. We utilized questionnaire data on pesticide exposures and serum samples for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics analyses. For exposures and metabolites associations, participants size varied between 2,361 and 5,035. To investigate associations between metabolomics biomarkers and exposure to pesticide scenarios compared to those who reported no exposures multivariable regression analyses stratified by sex and adjustment with covariates (season of pesticide use, socioeconomic position (SEP), alcohol consumption, BMI, and latitude of residence) were performed. Multiple testing by Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction applied. Pesticide exposures differed by sex, season of pesticide use, alcohol, SEP, latitude of residence. Our results showed that all pesticide exposure scenarios were negatively associated with decreased HDL concentrations across all lipoprotein subclasses in women. OPE, PEY, and PEU were associated with decreased branched-chain amino acid concentrations in men and decreased albumin concentrations in women. OPE, PEY and PEU were also associated with changes in glycolysis metabolites and ketone bodies in both sexes. Specific pesticides exposure was negatively associated with sphingolipids and inflammatory biomarkers in men. In women, OPE, PEM, and PEU were associated with decreased apolipoprotein A1 and increased apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio. Our findings suggest that identification of early biomarkers of disease risk related to pesticide exposures can inform strategies to reduce exposure and investigate causal pathways. Women may be more susceptible to non-occupational pesticide exposures when compared to men, and future sex-specific studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Palaniswamy
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Khaled Abass
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jaana Rysä
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joan O. Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Arja Rautio
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Thule Institute, University of Arctic, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Louati K, Kolsi F, Kallel R, Gdoura Y, Borni M, Hakim LS, Zribi R, Choura S, Maalej A, Sayadi S, Chamkha M, Mnif B, Khemakhem Z, Boudawara TS, Boudawara MZ, Safta F. Research of Pesticide Metabolites in Human Brain Tumor Tissues by Chemometrics-Based Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis for a Hypothetical Correlation between Pesticide Exposure and Risk Factor of Central Nervous System Tumors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:29812-29835. [PMID: 37599976 PMCID: PMC10433342 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used, resulting in continuing human exposure with potential health impacts. Some exposures related to agricultural works have been associated with neurological disorders. Since the 2000s, the hypothesis of the role of pesticides in the occurrence of central nervous system (CNS) tumors has been better documented in the literature. However, the etiology of childhood brain cancers still remains largely unknown. The major objective of this work was to assess the potential role of pesticide exposure as a risk factor for CNS tumors based on questionnaires and statistical analysis of information collected from patients hospitalized in the Neurosurgery Department of the Habib Bourguiba Hospital Medium in Sfax, Tunisia, during the period from January 1, 2022, to May 31, 2023. It also aimed to develop a simple and rapid analytical method by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique for the research traces of pesticide metabolites in some collected human brain tumor tissues in order to more emphasize our hypothesis for such a correlation between pesticide exposure and brain tumor development. Patients with a history of high-risk exposure were selected to conduct further analysis. Chemometric methods were adapted to discern intrinsic variation between pathological and control groups and ascertain effective separation with the identification of differentially expressed metabolites accountable for such variations. Three samples revealed traces of pesticide metabolites that were mostly detected at an early age. The histopathological diagnosis was medulloblastoma for a 10-year-old child and high-grade gliomas for 27- and 35-year-old adults. The bivariate analyses (odds ratio >1 and P value <5%) confirmed the great probability of developing cancer by an exposure case. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed the risk of carcinogenicity beyond the age of 50 as a long-term effect of pesticide toxicity. Our study supports the correlation between pesticide exposure and the risk of development of human brain tumors, suggesting that preconception pesticide exposure, and possibly exposure during pregnancy, is associated with an increased childhood brain tumor risk. This hypothesis was enhanced in identifying traces of metabolites from the carbamate insecticide class known for their neurotoxicity and others from pyridazinone, organochlorines (OCs), triazole fungicide, and N-nitroso compounds known for their carcinogenicity. The 2D-OXYBLOT analysis confirmed the neurotoxicity effect of insecticides to induce oxidative damage in CNS cells. Aldicarb was implicated in brain carcinogenicity confirmed by the identification of oxime metabolites in a stress degradation study. Revealing "aziridine" metabolites from the OC class may better emphasize the theory of detecting traces of pesticide metabolites at an early age. Overall, our findings lead to the recommendation of limiting the residential use of pesticides and the support of public health policies serving this objective that we need to be vigilant in the postmarketing surveillance of human health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouthar Louati
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Analytics and Galenic Drug
Development, LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Road Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Kolsi
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rim Kallel
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Yassine Gdoura
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mahdi Borni
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Leila Sellami Hakim
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rania Zribi
- Higher Institute
of Applied Studies to Humanities of Tunis (ISEAHT), University of Tunis, 11 Road of Jebel Lakdhar, 1005 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sirine Choura
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amina Maalej
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology
Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory
of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of
Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi-Mansour, P.O. Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Basma Mnif
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Khemakhem
- Legal
Medicine Department, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain
km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahya Sellami Boudawara
- Laboratory
of Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, Habib
Bourguiba University Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Zaher Boudawara
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Habib Bourguiba University
Hospital, Road El Ain km 1.5, Avenue of Ferdaous, 3089 Sfax, Tunisia
- Faculty
of Medicine, University of Sfax, Avenue of Majida Boulila, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fathi Safta
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Analytics and Galenic Drug
Development, LR12ES09, University of Monastir, Road Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
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16
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Alarcón R, Giménez B, Hernández AF, López-Villén A, Parrón T, García-González J, Requena M. Occupational exposure to pesticides as a potential risk factor for epilepsy. Neurotoxicology 2023; 96:166-173. [PMID: 37121439 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal, causing seizures. In a previous study we found that environmental exposure to pesticides was associated with a greater risk of epilepsy. The present study examined possible occupational risk factors that may contribute to the occurrence of epilepsy in farmers and pesticide applicators (sprayers). A case-referent study was conducted on 19,704 individuals over a 17-year study period (2000-2016). Epilepsy cases (n = 5091) were collected from Hospital records and referents (non-epilepsy cases, n = 14.613) from the Centre for Prevention of Occupational Risks, both from Almería (South-Eastern Spain). A significant increased risk of having epilepsy was found in farmers working in intensive agriculture (high-yield greenhouse crops) compared to extensive agriculture (open-air crops). The risk was greater for farmers residing in rural areas with high pesticide use (intensive farming crops in plastic greenhouses) and for those not wearing protective gloves. As for sprayers, the greatest risk of epilepsy was observed in those not wearing face mask, and in those living in areas with high pesticide use (greenhouse intensive agriculture). Overall, this study supports previous findings on the association between epilepsy and pesticide exposure in the general population, and extends the risk to farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides, mainly those engaged in intensive agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Alarcón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Belén Giménez
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, 18016 Granada, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research, Granada (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria) ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health Network (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública), CIBERESP, Spain.
| | | | - Tesifón Parrón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, 04120 Almería, Spain; Andalusian Council of Health at Almería Province, 04009 Almería, Spain
| | | | - Mar Requena
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, 04120 Almería, Spain
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17
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Tekeli MY, Eraslan G, Bayram LÇ, Aslan C, Çalımlı S. The protective effects of baicalin and chrysin against emamectin benzoate-induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:53997-54021. [PMID: 36869176 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of baicalin, chrysin and their combinations against emamectin benzoate-induced toxicity in rats. For this purpose, sixty four rats were divided into evenly 8 groups with 6-8-week-old male Wistar albino rats, weighing 180-250 g, in each group. While the first group was kept as a control (corn oil), the remaining 7 groups were administered with emamectin benzoate (10 mg/kg bw), baicalin (50 mg/kg bw) and chrysin (50 mg/kg bw) alone or together for 28 days. Oxidative stress parameters, serum biochemical parameters and blood/tissue (liver, kidney, brain, testis and heart) and tissue histopathology were investigated. Compared to the control group, the emamectin benzoate-intoxicated rats had significantly higher tissue/plasma concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as lower tissue glutathione (GSH) concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activity (glutathione peroxidase/GSH-Px, glutathione reductase/GR, glutathione-S-transferase/GST, superoxide dismutase/SOD, catalase/CAT). Biochemical analysis showed that emamectin benzoate administration significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, uric acid and urea levels, and decreased serum total protein and albumin levels. The histopathological examination of the liver, kidney, brain, heart and testis tissues of the emamectin benzoate-intoxicated rats demonstrated necrotic changes. Baicalin and/or chrysin reversed the biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by emamectin benzoate on these tested organs. Therefore, baicalin and chrysin (alone or in combination) could offer protection against emamectin benzoate-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Yasin Tekeli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Coşkun Aslan
- Derinkuyu Emineana and Yaşar Ertaş Agriculture and Livestock Vocational School, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Sinem Çalımlı
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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18
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Rueda-Ruzafa L, Roman P, Cardona D, Requena M, Ropero-Padilla C, Alarcón R. Environmental pesticide exposure and the risk of irritable bowel syndrome: A case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 98:104076. [PMID: 36754128 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural model in southern Spain is highly productive, mainly due to the intensive cultivation under plastic. Despite strict pesticide regulation, human exposure to pesticides in the environment has been connected to an increase in diseases such as celiac disease. Certain pesticides have also been associated to the disruption of the intestinal microbiota, which has been tied to the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A case-control study was conducted in Andalusia, south Spain, to assess the prevalence and risk of IBS related to pesticide exposure. This research found a high prevalence of IBS in Andalusia between 2000 and 2021 in areas with high pesticide exposure using agronomic criteria. Furthermore, the odds ratio for IBS was significantly higher in the population with high pesticide exposure. This study suggests that pesticides may be involved in IBS, whereas more research is needed to determine the role of pesticides in IBS symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Rueda-Ruzafa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
| | - Pablo Roman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada 04120, Spain.
| | - Diana Cardona
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada 04120, Spain.
| | - Mar Requena
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada 04120, Spain.
| | - Carmen Ropero-Padilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain.
| | - Raquel Alarcón
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada, 04120 Almeria, Spain; Health Research Center, University of Almeria, Carretera Sacramento S/N, La Cañada 04120, Spain.
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Zheng R, García-González J, Romero-del Rey R, López-Villén A, García-Alvarez R, Fadul-Calderon R, Requena-Mullor M, Alarcón-Rodríguez R. Occupational Exposure to Pesticides as a Risk Factor for Sleep Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3149. [PMID: 36833840 PMCID: PMC9964445 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inadequate sleep has been linked to a variety of impairments in bodily functions, including endocrine, metabolic, higher cortical function, and neurological disorders. For this reason, the aim of this study was to analyze the link between occupational pesticide exposure and sleep health among farmers in Almeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a population living on the coast of Almeria (southeastern Spain), where about 33,321 hectares of land are used for intensive agriculture in plastic greenhouses. A total of 380 individuals participated in the study: 189 greenhouse workers and 191 control subjects. The participants were contacted during their annual scheduled occupational health survey. Data on sleep disturbances were collected using the Spanish version of the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire. Agricultural workers were found to be at a significantly higher risk of insomnia, especially among those who did not wear protective gloves (OR = 3.12; 95% C.I. = 1.93-3.85; p = 0.04) or masks (OR = 2.43; 95% C.I. = 1.19-4.96; p = 0.01). The highest risk of insomnia related to pesticide applicators was observed in those who did not wear a mask (OR = 4.19; 95% C.I. = 1.30-13.50; p = 0.01) or goggles (OR = 4.61; 95% C.I. = 1.38-10.40; p = 0.01). This study supports previous findings indicating an increased risk of sleep disorder in agricultural workers exposed to pesticides at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zheng
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Jessica García-González
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Raúl Romero-del Rey
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | - Rafael García-Alvarez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Human Sexuality Institute, Autonomous University of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo 10103, Dominican Republic
| | - Rosario Fadul-Calderon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Human Sexuality Institute, Autonomous University of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo 10103, Dominican Republic
| | - Mar Requena-Mullor
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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20
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Eizadi-Mood N, Mahvari R, Akafzadeh Savari M, Mohammadbeigi E, Feizi A, Mirmoghtadaei P, Sami R, Meamar R. Acute pesticide poisoning in the central part of Iran: A 4-year cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121221147352. [PMID: 36778200 PMCID: PMC9909076 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221147352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Intoxication with pesticides is a well-known public health problem. We aimed to describe the demographic and toxico-clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with pesticide poisoning. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in Khorshid Hospital affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. All patients with pesticide poisoning (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, and acaricides) were evaluated. The patients' demographic, toxicological, clinical, and laboratory findings from March 2016 until March 2021 were collected and analyzed. Results During the study period, 25,659 patients with acute poisoning were admitted, of which, 1567 (6.1% of the total poisoning) with pesticide poisoning were included. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 31.34 ± 13.7 years and 55.3% were men (male/female ratio = 1.23). In approximately 75% of the patients, poisoning occurred by suicidal attempts, while in 14.3% (n = 224), it was accidental. Insecticides caused about 51.30% of the poisonings. However, rodenticides were most commonly used in completed suicide attempts (79.9%). The frequency of previously attempted suicide, and self-harming was different among the patients with respect to the type of pesticide poisoning (p < 0.05). Previous suicidal attempts (35.3%) and self-harming (17.3%) were reported more in patients poisoned with the combination of pesticides. Half of the patients were employed. Nausea and vomiting (56.7%, n = 889) were the most common clinical manifestations; 8.3% (n = 130) of the patients died, 64 of whom had rodenticide poisoning. Conclusion The prevalence of pesticide poisoning was relatively low; most were insecticide poisoning. Poisoning occurred most through attempted suicide. Rodenticides and herbicides had higher mortality rates than other pesticides. Patients with previously attempted suicide and self-harming behavior may use a combination of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Eizadi-Mood
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, School of Medicine, Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Mahvari
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akafzadeh Savari
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mohammadbeigi
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Sami
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rokhsareh Meamar
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Rokhsareh Meamar, Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, Ostandari Street, Hasht Behest Avenue, Isfahan 8618774571, Iran.
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21
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Tessema RA, Nagy K, Ádám B. Occupational and environmental pesticide exposure and associated health risks among pesticide applicators and non-applicator residents in rural Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1017189. [PMID: 36530710 PMCID: PMC9751888 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1017189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive pesticide use increased concern about the potential acute and chronic health effects of pesticides in general and among applicators in particular. This study aims to explore occupational and environmental pesticide exposure and health risks among pesticide applicators and residents. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1,073 individuals. We examined the health effects potentially attributable to pesticide exposure using regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PR). A higher proportion of good knowledge of pesticides [75 vs. 14%; APR = 1.542 (1.358-1.752), p < 0.001] and a higher mean score of perceived health risk of pesticide use [4.21 vs. 3.90; APR = 1.079 (1.004-1.159), p < 0.05] were observed among applicators than residents. A significantly higher proportion of applicators experienced health effects presumably related to pesticide exposure among themselves (36%) than residents (16%), and a higher proportion of them used prescribed drugs in the past 12 months [51 vs. 32%; APR = 1.140 (1.003-1.295), p < 0.05]. Skin irritation, shortness of breath, cough, and dizziness were more likely reported by applicators than residents. Perceived toxicity of currently applied pesticide products, mix pesticides without gloves, regularly maintain and wash sprayer tank after application, occurrence of an incidental splash during mixing and application, and using home-based care after experiencing a symptom presumably due to pesticide exposure were significantly associated with health effects among applicators. Use of face mask and visiting health facility when experiencing a symptom presumably due to pesticide exposure were significantly positively correlated with attending training on the health risks and use of pesticides. A substantial proportion of applicators reported improper use of preventive measures and methods of pesticide waste disposal. These observations point out that applicators can face high health risks of occupational pesticide exposure in Ethiopia. Even trained applicators pursued poor preventive practices; hence, comprehensive practice-oriented in-depth training focusing on safety precautions and proper use of personal protective equipment, and provision of adequate pesticide waste disposal means are crucial interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roba Argaw Tessema
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Károly Nagy
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ádám
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary,Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: Balázs Ádám
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22
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Tekeli MY, Çakır Bayram L, Eraslan G, Soyer Sarıca Z. The protective effect of chrysin against oxidative stress and organ toxicity in rats exposed to propetamphos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2022; 45:2664-2677. [PMID: 34587847 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1981479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of chrysin against propetamphos exposure. For this purpose, 2 to 3-month-old 40 male Wistar Albino rats were used. These animals were randomly assigned to four groups. The animals in the control group received the vehicle substance (corn oil) alone. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered with 50 mg/kg.bw/day of chrysin (in corn oil), 10 mg/kg.bw/day of propetamphos (in corn oil), and 10 mg/kg.bw/day of propetamphos plus 50 mg/kg.bw/day of chrysin, respectively, for 28 days. Some oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation parameters (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, NO, glutathione) and serum biochemical parameters (triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, BUN, creatine phosphokinase, ALT, ALP and pseudocholinesterase) were analyzed in tissue/blood samples. Also, histopathological findings were observed. According to the data obtained, no significant alteration had occurred in these parameters and the histological findings in the group given chrysin alone, when compared to the control group. Significant unfavorable alterations were detected in the oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation/antioxidant status parameters, all biochemical parameters and histopathological findings of the group that received propetamphos alone. In the group that was given both chrysin and propetamphos, remedial/recovery alterations were observed in the oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation/antioxidant status values, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological findings, such that the values and histopathological findings showed partly similarity to those of the control group. In result, it is suggested that chrysin may provide protection against propetamphos exposure and propetamphos-induced organ damage in rats at a certain level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Yasin Tekeli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Latife Çakır Bayram
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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23
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Thosapornvichai T, Huangteerakul C, Jensen AN, Jensen LT. Mitochondrial dysfunction from malathion and chlorpyrifos exposure is associated with degeneration of GABAergic neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:104000. [PMID: 36252730 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity resulting from off-target effects, beyond acetylcholine esterase inhibition, for the commonly used organophosphate (OP) insecticides chlorpyrifos (CPS) and malathion (MA) was investigated using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans model systems. Mitochondrial damage and dysfunction were observed in yeast following exposure to CPS and MA, suggesting this organelle is a major target. In the C. elegans model, the mitochondrial unfolded protein response pathway showed the most robust induction from CPS and MA treatment among stress responses examined. GABAergic neurodegeneration was observed with CPS and MA exposure. Impaired movement observed in C. elegans exposed to CPS and MA may be the result of motor neuron damage. Our analysis suggests that stress from CPS and MA results in mitochondrial dysfunction, with GABAergic neurons sensitized to these effects. These findings may aid in the understanding of toxicity from CPS and MA from high concentration exposure leading to insecticide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laran T Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand.
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24
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Sosa-Zuniga V, Martínez-Barradas V, Espinoza C, Tighe-Neira R, Valenzuela ÁV, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Arce-Johnson P. Characterization of physiological and antioxidant responses in Run1Ren1 Vitis vinifera plants during Erysiphe necator attack. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964732. [PMID: 36325565 PMCID: PMC9621084 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine is a fruit crop of major significance worldwide. Fungal attacks are one of the most relevant factors affecting grapevine yield and fruit quality, and powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe necator is one of the most harmful fungal diseases for this fruit-bearing species. Incorporating resistance genes such as Run1 and Ren1 in new vine selections offers a sustainable alternative to control the disease. These combined loci produce an immune response that prevents the development of the disease. However, to date studies are lacking concerning whether this response generates alterations in the physiological and antioxidant parameters of resistant plants in the presence of the fungus or if it has an associated energy cost. Therefore, the main goal of our research was to determine if Run1Ren1 plants present alterations in their physiological and biochemical parameters in the presence of the fungus. To achieve this target, a previously characterized resistant Run1Ren1 genotype and the susceptible Carménère cultivar were analyzed. We evaluated photochemical parameters (Fv'/Fm', ΦPSII and ETR), net photosynthesis (Pn), photosynthetic pigments, transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs ), oxidative stress parameters (MDA), antioxidant activity, and phenols. Our results show that the physiological parameters of Run1Ren1 plants were not negatively affected by the fungus at 10 days post-inoculation, contrasting with alterations observed in the susceptible plants. Therefore, we propose that the resistance response triggered by Run1Ren1 is physiologically and biochemically advantageous to grapevines by preventing the development of powdery mildew infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Sosa-Zuniga
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vera Martínez-Barradas
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Espinoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Tighe-Neira
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Álvaro Vidal Valenzuela
- Research and Innovation Centre. Biotechnology vegetal Unit, Foundation Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, (TN), Italy
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricio Arce-Johnson
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Agrijohnson Ltda., Plant Biotechnology Department, Miraflores, Curacavií, Chile
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25
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Bruckmann FS, Schnorr C, Oviedo LR, Knani S, Silva LFO, Silva WL, Dotto GL, Bohn Rhoden CR. Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation of Pesticides into Nanocomposites: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:6261. [PMID: 36234798 PMCID: PMC9572628 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides in agriculture has significantly impacted the environment and human health, as these pollutants are inadequately disposed of into water bodies. In addition, pesticides can cause adverse effects on humans and aquatic animals due to their incomplete removal from the aqueous medium by conventional wastewater treatments. Therefore, processes such as heterogeneous photocatalysis and adsorption by nanocomposites have received special attention in the scientific community due to their unique properties and ability to degrade and remove several organic pollutants, including pesticides. This report reviews the use of nanocomposites in pesticide adsorption and photocatalytic degradation from aqueous solutions. A bibliographic search was performed using the ScienceDirect, American Chemical Society (ACS), and Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) indexes, using Boolean logic and the following descriptors: "pesticide degradation" AND "photocatalysis" AND "nanocomposites"; "nanocomposites" AND "pesticides" AND "adsorption". The search was limited to research article documents in the last ten years (from January 2012 to June 2022). The results made it possible to verify that the most dangerous pesticides are not the most commonly degraded/removed from wastewater. At the same time, the potential of the supported nanocatalysts and nanoadsorbents in the decontamination of wastewater-containing pesticides is confirmed once they present reduced bandgap energy, which occurs over a wide range of wavelengths. Moreover, due to the great affinity of the supported nanocatalysts with pesticides, better charge separation, high removal, and degradation values are reported for these organic compounds. Thus, the class of the nanocomposites investigated in this work, magnetic or not, can be characterized as suitable nanomaterials with potential and unique properties useful in heterogeneous photocatalysts and the adsorption of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele S. Bruckmann
- Laboratório de Materiais Magnéticos Nanoestruturados, LaMMaN, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos Schnorr
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55–66, Barranquilla 080002, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Leandro R. Oviedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Salah Knani
- College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5079, Tunisia
| | - Luis F. O. Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, CUC, Calle 58 # 55–66, Barranquilla 080002, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - William L. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L. Dotto
- Research Group on Adsorptive and Catalytic Process Engineering (ENGEPAC), Department of Chemical Enginnering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano R. Bohn Rhoden
- Laboratório de Materiais Magnéticos Nanoestruturados, LaMMaN, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana-UFN, Santa Maria 97010-032, RS, Brazil
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Nejatifar F, Abdollahi M, Attarchi M, Roushan ZA, Deilami AE, Joshan M, Rahattalab F, Faraji N, Kojidi HM. Evaluation of hematological indices among insecticides factory workers. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09040. [PMID: 35299610 PMCID: PMC8920855 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticides are commonly used pesticides in the world. Chronic exposure to insecticides has adverse effects on various human body organs. In this study, hematological findings were assessed in workers in an insecticide manufacturing plant. Hematological parameters and clinical symptoms were recorded in 99 workers exposed to insecticides and 107 workers not exposed to them in a cross-sectional study. Assessment of the hematological results showed a higher prevalence of thrombocytosis in the exposed group than the non-exposed group (P < 0.05). Mean white blood cell (WBC) and platelet counts, anisocytosis of red blood cells (RBCs), and neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio (NLR) were significantly higher in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group (P < 0.05). Prevalence rates of headache, itchy skin, cough, and sleep disorders were higher in the exposed group than in the non-exposed group (P < 0.05). Chronic exposure to insecticides can alter hematological parameters in the normal range. Occupational exposure to insecticides may increase WBCs, platelet count, NLR, and red cell distribution width (RDW). It can also cause thrombocytosis. Complete blood count (CBC), as an inexpensive and accessible tool, can help monitor workers' health status exposed to insecticides properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nejatifar
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mirsaeed Attarchi
- Inflammatory Lung Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Zahra Atrkar Roushan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Etemadi Deilami
- Department of Occupational Health, Rasht Health Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Joshan
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fateme Rahattalab
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Niloofar Faraji
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hamid Mohammadi Kojidi
- Razi Clinical Research Development Unit, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
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Saha S, Chukwuka AV, Mukherjee D, Dhara K, Pal P, Saha NC. Physiological (haematological, growth and endocrine) and biochemical biomarker responses in air-breathing catfish, Clarias batrachus under long-term Captan® pesticide exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 90:103815. [PMID: 35065295 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sub-lethal toxicity of Captan® on selected haematological (Hemoglobin, Haematocrit, Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) growth (Condition factor, Hepatosomatic Index, Specific Growth Rate), biochemical (serum glucose, protein), and endocrine parameters (growth hormone, T3 and T4) in Clarias batrachus was examined under chronic exposures. Captan® was administered at predetermined exposure concentrations (0.53 and 1.06 mg/L) and monitored on days 15, 30, and 45 of the experimental periods. The experimental groups showed significantly lower values (p < 0.05) of haemoglobin content, hematocrit, MCH in Captan® exposed fish compared to control. Serum protein, k-factor and SGR were significantly lower in exposed fish. Endocrine responses (T3 and T4) emerged as the most sensitive biomarker category, depicting modulated responses between sub-chronic exposure at day-15 and chronic responses at day-45. In general, biomarker depictions indicate that Captan® exposures are capable of inducing stress-specific effects at the biochemical and physiological levels negatively impacting the overall health and longevity of such animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Saha
- Department of Zoology, Sundarban Hazi Desarat College, Pathankhali, South 24 Parganas, 743611 West Bengal, India
| | - Azubuike V Chukwuka
- National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - Dip Mukherjee
- Department of Zool ogy, S.B.S. Government College, Hili, Mera Aptair, Balurghat, Dakshin Dinajpur 733126, West Bengal, India
| | - Kishore Dhara
- Freshwater Fisheries Research & Training Centre, Directorate of Fisheries, Kulia, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Prasenjit Pal
- College of Fisheries, Central Agricultural University (I), Lembucherra, Tripura 799210, India
| | - Nimai Chandra Saha
- Fishery and Ecotoxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Burdwan, Purba Barddhaman, West Bengal, India.
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28
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Adıbelli D, Kırca N, Özkan İ. The problems of women working in greenhouse agriculture in rural area in Turkey: A phenomenological study from health and social perspective. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:203-211. [PMID: 33894079 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Working in agriculture may cause serious health problems due to heavy working conditions and chemical exposure. This Husserlian phenomenological qualitative study was conducted with 22 women working in greenhouse agriculture to investigate the health and social problem(s). In the evaluation of the data, Colaizzi's seven-step content analysis method and thematic analysis were used. The Kappa analysis was performed with two independent experts to measure the reliability of comparative fit, and the value obtained in the analysis was 1.00 (perfect fit). Based on the content analysis, six themes were defined. All participants indicated that they had different reproductive health-related problems. Some participants stated that their children had respiratory system-related problems and that they were subjected to physical, verbal/emotional and sexual violence by their husbands. It is important to provide health education, counselling services and screening programmes for women who work in greenhouse agriculture and thus are in the at-risk group for poor health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Adıbelli
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Kumluca Health Science Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Kırca
- Department of Women Health Nursing, Nursing Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - İlknur Özkan
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Kumluca Health Science Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Wadani ZH, Azam I, Irfan M, Fatmi Z. Pesticides Use and Impaired Lung Function Among Male Agricultural Farmers in Rural Sindh, Pakistan. Asia Pac J Public Health 2021; 34:230-235. [PMID: 34911377 DOI: 10.1177/10105395211065647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Use of pesticides implicated in decrement in lung function, manifested as restrictive or obstructive dysfunction or both. Using comparative cross-sectional study design, authors conducted the study to determine an association of pesticide use with impairment in lung function (restrictive/obstructive pattern of lung function) among agricultural farmers. The data were collected using modified American Thoracic Society Division of Lung Disease (ATS-DLD-78A) questionnaire and spirometer measurements. Using multinomial logistic regression, the risk of both restrictive and obstructive lung dysfunction was found to be almost twice among pesticides users with each increasing year of exposure to pesticides (1.92 and 1.95, respectively) after adjusting for other covariates. There is a need for reliable monitoring and reporting procedures along with appropriate environmental policies and regulations for handling of pesticides. Interventional studies are needed where farmers could be trained on the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to limit the exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hyder Wadani
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Fatmi
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Machado SC, Souza BM, de Aguiar Marciano LP, Souza Pereira AF, Lima Brigagão MRP, Machado Viana AL, Rodrigues MR, Martins I. Endpoints as human biomarkers in exposure assessment of triazoles fungicides. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:103703. [PMID: 34265456 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Potential endpoint biomarkers were evaluated in the assessment of exposure to triazoles, in the southern region of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Volunteers were divided into three groups: occupationally exposed and rural residents (n = 21), non-occupationally exposed and rural residents (n = 35) and non-occupationally exposed and urban residents (n = 30). Of all endpoints evaluated, plasma concentration of androstenedione (p < 0.001) and glycine-conjugated bile acids presented statistical differences in the three studied groups (p < 0.05). However, our findings concerning oxidative stress and testosterone levels, plus that related to unconjugated and taurine conjugated bile acids, suggested that more studies are necessary to evaluate their potential as biomarkers for triazole exposure, as statistical significance was not attained between the groups. Our human population data contributes to the development of triazole exposure risk assessment with respect to these potential effect biomarkers, in potentially vulnerable groups and individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Caetani Machado
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drugs Analysis - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Maciel Souza
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drugs Analysis - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Paulo de Aguiar Marciano
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drugs Analysis - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Souza Pereira
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drugs Analysis - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | - André Luiz Machado Viana
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis - LACEN, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Rita Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Clinical Analysis - LACEN, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Isarita Martins
- Laboratory of Toxicants and Drugs Analysis - LATF, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva street, 700, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Aprea MC, Centi L, Meniconi M, Lunghini L, Banchi B, Sartorelli P. Determinants of Skin and Respiratory Exposure to Lufenuron During Spraying and Re-entry in Italian Ornamental Plants Greenhouses. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:554-565. [PMID: 33837378 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate dermal and respiratory exposure of workers to Lufenuron during spraying and re-entry on ornamental plants (stapling) in greenhouses. Potential and real skin exposure were evaluated using filter paper pads, hand contamination by washing, and respiratory exposure by personal air sampling. Dislodgeable foliar residues (DFRs) during re-entry were determined in order to calculate the dermal transfer factor (DTF). Lufenuron was analysed by liquid chromatography-mass detection. Respiratory dose (ReD) was calculated on the basis of a lung ventilation of 15-20 l min-1 and absorbed doses assuming a skin penetration of 13% and a respiratory retention of 100%. During stapling, from the dependence of exposure of hands from DFRs, the mean DTF was 0.575 cm2 h-1 (geometric mean). The ReD was 68.7-74.6 and 0.022-0.636% of the total real dose during spraying and stapling, respectively. The absorbed doses, 0.144-0.171 and 0.005-0.124 µg kg bw-1 during spraying and stapling, respectively, were less than the acceptable operator exposure level of 10 µg kg bw-1. Proper use of equipment and personal protective equipment and personal hygiene are aspects of fundamental importance on which workers must be trained. Adequate occupational hygiene studies are needed to support and verify working practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Aprea
- Department of Prevention, Unit of Occupational Hygiene and Toxicology, Public Health Laboratory, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Strada del Ruffolo, 4, Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Centi
- Department of Prevention, Unit of Hygiene and Health in the Work Place, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Via Serdini, 46, 53041 Abbadia San Salvatore, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Meniconi
- Department of Technical Health Professions, Rehabilitation and Prevention, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Via Serdini, 46, 53041 Abbadia San Salvatore, Siena, Italy
| | - Liana Lunghini
- Department of Prevention, Unit of Occupational Hygiene and Toxicology, Public Health Laboratory, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Strada del Ruffolo, 4, Siena, Italy
| | - Bruno Banchi
- Department of Prevention, Unit of Occupational Hygiene and Toxicology, Public Health Laboratory, AUSL South-East Tuscany, Strada del Ruffolo, 4, Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Sartorelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Unit of Occupational Medicine AOU Senese, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
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32
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Ismail AA, Hendy O, Abdel Rasoul G, Olson JR, Bonner MR, Rohlman DS. Acute and Cumulative Effects of Repeated Exposure to Chlorpyrifos on the Liver and Kidney Function among Egyptian Adolescents. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9060137. [PMID: 34200920 PMCID: PMC8230541 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9060137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of research that tracks changes in liver and kidney function among pesticide applicators. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of repeated seasonal exposure to the organophosphorus pesticide, chlorpyrifos, on serum measures of liver and kidney function. METHODS Pesticide exposure was assessed by measuring the urinary concentrations of 3,5,6-trichloro-2 pyridinol (TCPy), a specific biomarker for chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos exposure and 8 serum markers of liver and kidney function were measured at 15 timepoints over 3 years prior to, during, and following the end of seasonal pesticide application among adolescent applicators and non-applicators from 4 field stations in Menoufia, Egypt. RESULTS Urinary TCPy levels showed increases during the application cycles and recovery at the end of each application season. Altered serum markers of liver and kidney function were associated with chlorpyrifos exposure, with some markers recovering 3 months after the end of exposure each year, while other measures demonstrated progressive increase up to 300% the baseline levels at the end of 3 years. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated that frequent assessment of liver and kidney function is a sound practice to evaluate cellular injury following chronic repeated occupational and environmental exposure to chlorpyrifos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Ismail
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Community Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom 32511, Egypt;
- Kansas Department of Health and Environment, State of Kansas, Topeka, KS 66612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-319-594-0713
| | - Olfat Hendy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom 32511, Egypt;
| | - Gaafar Abdel Rasoul
- Community Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom 32511, Egypt;
| | - James R. Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (J.R.O.); (M.R.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Matthew R. Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; (J.R.O.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Diane S. Rohlman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
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Tsatsakis A, Tyshko NV, Goumenou M, Shestakova SI, Sadykova EO, Zhminchenko VM, Zlatian O, Calina D, Pashorina VA, Nikitin NS, Trebukh MD, Loginova MS, Trushina EN, Mustafina OK, Avrenyeva LI, Guseva GV, Trusov NV, Kravchenko LV, Hernández AF, Docea AO. Detrimental effects of 6 months exposure to very low doses of a mixture of six pesticides associated with chronic vitamin deficiency on rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 152:112188. [PMID: 33836210 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term low-dose effects of exposure to a mixture of 6 pesticide active substances (diquat, imazamox, imazethapyr, tepraloxydin, bentazone, acifluorfen) and to elucidate if chronic vitamin deficiency can influence their toxicity. Two hundred Wistar rats were divided in 4 groups: a vitamin-sufficiency control group, a vitamin-deficiency control group, a vitamin sufficiency test group and a vitamin-deficiency test group. The test groups were treated with the aforementioned pesticides at doses 100 times lower than the corresponding NOAEL. After 6 months, ten rats from each group were sacrificed and a complete evaluation of blood and urine biochemistry, biomarkers of oxidative stress, xenobiotic detoxification enzymes and lysosomal enzymes and organ histopathology was performed. The pesticides mixture and vitamin deficiency determined an increase in alkaline phosphatase levels and urinary calcium levels, abnormal serum lipid profile, and a decrease of total blood proteins levels, red blood cells, haematocrit and haemoglobin. The combination of the two stressors up-regulated CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1 and GST levels. This study provides a new proof for the need to move forward from single chemical testing to a more complex approach to account for the multitude of stressors that can challenge the setting of real safety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Nadezhda V Tyshko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Goumenou
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; General Chemical State Laboratory of Greek Republic, 71202, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Svetlana I Shestakova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - El'vira O Sadykova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentin M Zhminchenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ovidiu Zlatian
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Craiova, 200349, Romania.
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania
| | - Valentina A Pashorina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolaj S Nikitin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina D Trebukh
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Loginova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eleanora N Trushina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana K Mustafina
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila I Avrenyeva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina V Guseva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita V Trusov
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lidiya V Kravchenko
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ustinsky proyezd 2/14, 109240, Moscow, Russia
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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Adverse Health Effects in Women Farmers Indirectly Exposed to Pesticides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115909. [PMID: 34072924 PMCID: PMC8198255 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Farmers are among the most vulnerable populations because of the exposure to low levels of pesticides. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities are considered as biomarkers of pesticides poisoning. However, biomarkers of oxidative stress are also playing an important role in toxicity of these contaminants. Further, increased activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea and creatinine have been linked with hepatic and nephrotoxic cell damage, respectively. The aim of this study was to ascertain if the indirect exposure to pesticides leads to some biochemical parameter changes. Thus, cholinesterase activities, oxidative stress status (lipid and protein oxidation), hepatic function (AST and ALT levels), hormonal function (TSH, T4, FSH, LH and AMH), renal function (serum creatinine and urea), as well as possible subclinical kidney damage (urinary proteins and biomarkers of early kidney damage) were evaluated in farmer women who collect fruits and vegetables comparing with a group of women non-occupational exposed to pesticides but living in the same rural environment. Samples were taken periodically along one year to relate the observed effects to a chronic exposure. Our main results showed for the first time a subclinical kidney damage in a rural setting with indirect chronic exposure to pesticides.
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Lozano-Paniagua D, Parrón T, Alarcón R, Requena M, López-Guarnido O, Lacasaña M, Hernández AF. Evaluation of conventional and non-conventional biomarkers of liver toxicity in greenhouse workers occupationally exposed to pesticides. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112127. [PMID: 33722595 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a prominent role in maintenance of homeostasis and is the major organ for xenobiotic metabolism, including pesticides. Conventional liver function tests are widely used to assess hepatocellular and biliary system dysfunction by measuring serum levels of aminotransferases (ALT, AST) and cholestasis enzymes (alkaline phosphatase -ALP- and γ-glutamyl transferase -GGT-), respectively. Although these tests are not entirely specific for liver damage, their specificity increases when measured concurrently, but still have limited usefulness to predict early liver dysfunction. Hence, non-conventional biomarkers may have a better performance for the early detection of biochemical hepatotoxicity with a greater specificity and sensitivity. A cross-sectional study with a follow-up component was conducted on 175 greenhouse workers regularly exposed to pesticides under integrated production system, and 91 controls living in the same geographical area. All individuals were evaluated for conventional (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT) and non-conventional biomarkers of hepatotoxicity (ornithine transcarbamylase (-OTC-), Arginase-1 -ARG1- and glutathione S-transferase alpha -GSTα-) over two periods of the same crop season, one of high pesticide exposure and other of low exposure. A slight increase in AST was observed in greenhouse workers relative to controls, suggestive of subtle hepatocellular toxicity. Although ALP, ARG1 and GST-α levels were decreased in greenhouse workers, this might be related to a potential homeostatic mechanism that regulates their expression. Altogether, these findings do not represent unambiguous evidence of liver dysfunction (e.g., hepatocellular or biliary system impairment) but may be the result of the low-toxicity pesticides used by greenhouse workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tesifón Parrón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Raquel Alarcón
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Mar Requena
- University of Almería School of Health Sciences, Almería, Spain
| | - Olga López-Guarnido
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Spain.
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Bernieri T, Rodrigues D, Randon Barbosa I, Perassolo MS, Grolli Ardenghi P, Basso da Silva L. Effect of pesticide exposure on total antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters in Brazilian soybean farmers. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 44:170-176. [PMID: 30950301 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1566353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Farmers represent a population highly vulnerable to the toxic effects of pesticide exposure. Antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters have been used as biomarkers of occupational exposure to pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepatic and renal parameters as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) considering high and low exposure periods in soybean farmers in southern Brazil. The exposed group consisted of 50 soybean farmers. Two control groups were used, composed by 35 (Novo Hamburgo control group) and 28 (Sertão control group) subjects not exposed to pesticides. Farmers blood samples were collected during the high and low pesticide exposure periods. BChE, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), urea, and creatinine levels were determined. The FRAP assay was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential in the exposed group. Considering the exposed group, significantly lower BChE and increased AST activity were observed during high pesticide exposure period as well as higher FRAP, urea and creatinine levels; however, ALT and GGT did not differ between the two periods. When compared with the control groups, only urea and creatinine were higher in the exposed group. The present results indicate that occupational exposure to mixtures of pesticides might elicit adverse effects at the biochemical level. In addition, the study highlights the importance in considering periods of a same crop season with different degree of pesticide exposure during biologic monitoring of these biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanandra Bernieri
- Health Sciences Institute, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Dabiana Rodrigues
- Health Sciences Institute, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
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Requena-Mullor M, Navarro-Mena A, Wei R, López-Guarnido O, Lozano-Paniagua D, Alarcon-Rodriguez R. Evaluation of Gonadal Alterations in a Population Environmentally Exposed to a Mixture of Endocrine Active Pesticides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:2355. [PMID: 33670911 PMCID: PMC7957776 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although there are studies that show that some pesticides produce gonadal dysfunction and gonadal cancer in different animals, there are not many studiesregardinghumans. This study determined the prevalence and risk in humans of developing ovarian or testicular dysfunction or cancer in areas with distinct exposure to pesticides, which have endocrine disrupting properties. A population-based case-control study was carried out on humans living in ten health districts of Andalusia (Southern Spain) classified as areas of high or low environmental exposure to pesticides according to agronomic criteria. The study population included 5332 cases and 13,606 controls. Data were collected from computerized hospital records between 2000 and 2018.The risk of gonadal dysfunction or cancer was significantly higher in areas with higher use of pesticides in relation to those with lower use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Requena-Mullor
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (D.L.-P.); (R.A.-R.)
| | | | - Ruqiong Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China;
| | - Olga López-Guarnido
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - David Lozano-Paniagua
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (D.L.-P.); (R.A.-R.)
| | - Raquel Alarcon-Rodriguez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain; (M.R.-M.); (D.L.-P.); (R.A.-R.)
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38
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Saoudi M, Badraoui R, Rahmouni F, Jamoussi K, El Feki A. Antioxidant and Protective Effects of Artemisia campestris Essential Oil Against Chlorpyrifos-Induced Kidney and Liver Injuries in Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:618582. [PMID: 33716767 PMCID: PMC7945717 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.618582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed to elucidate the possible antioxidant and protective effects of Artemisia campestris essential oil (ACEO) against the deleterious effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in rats. The in vivo study revealed increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and the serum contents of creatinine, urea, uric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins (LDL), and glucose in rats treated with CPF as compared to controls. Meanwhile, hepatic and renal activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in liver and kidney decreased and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Some histopathologic features were noticed in liver and kidney of the CPF group. Interestingly, ACEO alleviated the biochemical disruptions and reduced these hepato-renal morphologic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mongi Saoudi
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Badraoui
- Department of Biology, University of Hai’l, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Histology - Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty of Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Rahmouni
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty of Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, University Hospital Complex (CHU) Hedi Chaker of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- Animal Ecophysiology Laboratory, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Sine H, Achbani A, Filali K. Measuring butyrylcholinesterase activity and hematological parameters in farmers exposed to pesticides: a case and control study from Morocco. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2021; 77:345-350. [PMID: 33583346 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2021.1886034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Farmers are exposed to a wide range of pesticides. The application of these pesticides has been documented to lead to several adverse health effects. This aim of this case-control study was to estimate risks linked to pesticide exposure among farmers in the Souss region of Morocco through the analysis of serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and hematological parameters. This prospective study included 98 participants (49 farmers and 49 controls). A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, technical information regarding the application of pesticides, previous poisonings by pesticides, and training on the use of pesticides. The blood samples were collected for hematological parameters and BChE analysis, and the activity of BChE was measured spectrophotometrically by the butyrlthiocholine method. The results showed no significant differences in hemoglobin (HB), hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, platelets, red blood cell, and leukocyte cell counts between both the exposed farmer and the control group. In contrast, a significant decreased in mean corpuscular HB, mean corpuscular HB concentration, eosinophils, and basophils counts were observed. In addition, the exposed group showed a significant decrease in the BChE activity (p < .001) compared to the control group. Farmers exposed to pesticides in the Souss Massa region may be at risk of hematological alterations as well as neurotoxicity, characterized by inhibition of BChE enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sine
- Medical Biology, Human and Experimental Pathologyand Environment, Department of Life and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Achbani
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - K Filali
- Medical Biology, Human and Experimental Pathologyand Environment, Department of Life and Health Science, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Ramos JSA, Pedroso TMA, Godoy FR, Batista RE, de Almeida FB, Francelin C, Ribeiro FL, Parise MR, de Melo E Silva D. Multi-biomarker responses to pesticides in an agricultural population from Central Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141893. [PMID: 32920385 PMCID: PMC7441936 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated farmworkers exposed to pesticides and individuals with no history of occupational exposure to pesticides. It was performed the comet assay to evaluate DNA damage. The immunophenotyping of TCD4+ lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood was performed by flow cytometry. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PON1, XRCC1, IL6, IL6R, TNF-α, and MIR137 genes were evaluated by real-time PCR. The exposed group was composed mostly by males (69.44%), with direct exposure to pesticides (56%) and with an average age range of 46 ± 13.89 years, being that 58.3% of farmworkers directly exposed to pesticides and reported the full use of personal protective equipment (PPE). DNA damage was greater in the exposed group (p < 0.05), reinforced by the use of PPE to denote a lower degree of DNA damage (p = 0.002). In this context, in the exposed group, we demonstrated that the use of PPE, age, gender and intoxication events were the variables that most contributed to increase DNA damage (p < 0.0001). Besides, the exposed group showed a significant increase in the subpopulations of T lymphocytes CD3+CD4+ (p < 0.05) and CD3+CD4+CD25+ (p < 0.0001) and a significant decrease in CD3+CD4+CD25-FOXP3+ (p < 0.05). SNPs in the TNF-α (rs361525) gene presented a difference in the genotype distribution between the groups (p = 0.002). The genotype distribution of TNF-α (rs361525) was also positively correlated with the DNA damage of the exposed group (r = 0.19; p = 0.01), demonstrating a higher risk of DNA damage in the farmworkers presenting the A mutated allele. Our findings demonstrate that pesticides can exert various deleterious effects on human health by damaging the DNA as well as by influencing the immune system in the case of both direct or indirect exposure and these issues are associated to age, gender, intoxication and the nonuse of PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheneffer Sonara Aguiar Ramos
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil; Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Thays Millena Alves Pedroso
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil; Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Godoy
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Renata Elisa Batista
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Francelin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Francis Lee Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, School of Agronomy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil
| | - Michelle Rocha Parise
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil; Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí, Goias, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil; Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, School of Agronomy, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goias State, Brazil..
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Anastassiadou M, Choi J, Coja T, Dujardin B, Hart A, Hernandez‐Jerrez AF, Jarrah S, Lostia A, Machera K, Mangas I, Mienne A, Schepens M, Widenfalk A, Mohimont L. Cumulative dietary risk assessment of chronic acetylcholinesterase inhibition by residues of pesticides. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06392. [PMID: 33613737 PMCID: PMC7873834 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A retrospective cumulative risk assessment of dietary exposure to pesticide residues was conducted for chronic inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. The pesticides considered in this assessment were identified and characterised in a previous scientific report on the establishment of cumulative assessment groups of pesticides for their effects on the nervous system. The exposure assessments used monitoring data collected by Member States under their official pesticide monitoring programmes in 2016, 2017 and 2018, and individual food consumption data from 10 populations of consumers from different countries and from different age groups. Exposure estimates were obtained by means of a two-dimensional probabilistic model, which was implemented in SAS ® software. The characterisation of cumulative risk was supported by an uncertainty analysis based on expert knowledge elicitation. For each of the 10 populations, it is concluded with varying degrees of certainty that cumulative exposure to pesticides contributing to the chronic inhibition of acetylcholinesterase does not exceed the threshold for regulatory consideration established by risk managers.
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42
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Gul ST, Khan RL, Saleemi MK, Ahmad M, Hussain R, Khan A. Amelioration of toxicopathological effects of thiamethoxam in broiler birds with vitamin E and selenium. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2020.1864647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shfaia Tehseen Gul
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Liaquat Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - M. Kashif Saleemi
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Maqbool Ahmad
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ahrar Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, China
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43
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Ledda C, Cannizzaro E, Cinà D, Filetti V, Vitale E, Paravizzini G, Di Naso C, Iavicoli I, Rapisarda V. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers after exposure to pesticides. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33413467 PMCID: PMC7791774 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies on workers describe that exposure to pesticides can induce oxidative stress by increased production of free radicals that can accumulate in the cell and damage biological macromolecules, for example, RNA, DNA, DNA repair proteins and other proteins and/or modify antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as detoxification and scavenger enzymes. This study aimed to assess oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers exposed to pesticides. METHODS For this purpose, 52 pesticide exposed workers and 52 organic farmers were enrolled. They were assessed: the pesticide exposure, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione (TG), oxidized glutathione levels (GSSG), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), levels. RESULTS Correlation between pesticide exposure was positively associated with high TBARS and 8-oxodG levels (p < 0.001). A negative association was founded with TG and GSSG and pesticide exposure. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation results seem to indicate a mild augment in oxidative stress associated with pesticide exposure, followed by an adaptive response to increase the antioxidant defenses to prevent sustained oxidative adverse effects stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care, Occupational Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Filetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Concettina Di Naso
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
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44
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Ledda C, Cannizzaro E, Cinà D, Filetti V, Vitale E, Paravizzini G, Di Naso C, Iavicoli I, Rapisarda V. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers after exposure to pesticides. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33413467 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00290-z/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies on workers describe that exposure to pesticides can induce oxidative stress by increased production of free radicals that can accumulate in the cell and damage biological macromolecules, for example, RNA, DNA, DNA repair proteins and other proteins and/or modify antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as detoxification and scavenger enzymes. This study aimed to assess oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers exposed to pesticides. METHODS For this purpose, 52 pesticide exposed workers and 52 organic farmers were enrolled. They were assessed: the pesticide exposure, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione (TG), oxidized glutathione levels (GSSG), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), levels. RESULTS Correlation between pesticide exposure was positively associated with high TBARS and 8-oxodG levels (p < 0.001). A negative association was founded with TG and GSSG and pesticide exposure. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation results seem to indicate a mild augment in oxidative stress associated with pesticide exposure, followed by an adaptive response to increase the antioxidant defenses to prevent sustained oxidative adverse effects stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care, Occupational Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Filetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Concettina Di Naso
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
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45
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Forté CA, Colacino J, Polemi K, Guytingco A, Peraino NJ, Jindaphong S, Kaviya T, Westrick J, Neitzel R, Nambunmee K. Pesticide exposure and adverse health effects associated with farmwork in Northern Thailand. J Occup Health 2021; 63:e12222. [PMID: 33973692 PMCID: PMC8112117 DOI: 10.1002/1348-9585.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess pesticide exposure and understand the resultant health effects of agricultural workers in Northern Thailand. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. We quantified exposure to pesticides, including chlorpyrifos, methomyl, and metalaxyl, by air sampling and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. We estimated differences in self-reported health outcomes, complete blood counts, cholinesterase activity, and serum/urine calcium and creatinine concentrations at baseline between farmworkers and comparison workers, and after pesticide spraying in farmworkers only. RESULTS This study included 97 men between the ages of 22 and 76 years; 70 were conventional farmworkers; and 27 did not report any prior farmwork or pesticide spraying. None of the farmworkers wore standardized personal protective equipment (PPE) for the concentrated chemicals they were working with. Methomyl (8.4-13 481.9 ng/m3 ), ethyl chlorpyrifos (11.6-67 759 ng/m3 ), and metalaxyl (13.9-41 191.3 ng/m3 ) were detected via personal air sampling. When it came to reporting confidence in the ability to handle personal problems, only 43% of farmworkers reported feeling confident, which reflects higher stress levels in comparison to 78% of comparison workers (P = .028). Farmworkers also had significantly lower monocyte counts (P = .01), serum calcium (P = .01), red blood count (P = .01), white blood cell count (P = .04), and butyrylcholinesterase activity (P < .0001), relative to comparison workers. After adjusting for body mass index (BMI), age, and smoking, methomyl air concentrations were associated with a decrease in farmworker acetylcholinesterase activity (beta = -0.327, P = .016). CONCLUSIONS This population of farmworkers had significant alterations in stress measures and clinical biomarkers, including decreased blood cell counts and cholinesterase activity, relative to matched controls. These changes are potentially linked to occupational pesticide exposures. Improving PPE use presents a likely route for preventive intervention in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanese A. Forté
- School of Public HealthEnvironmental Health SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- College of EngineeringScientific ComputingUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Justin Colacino
- School of Public HealthEnvironmental Health SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- College of EngineeringScientific ComputingUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- School of Public Health, Nutritional SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- School of MedicineCenter for Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Katelyn Polemi
- School of Public HealthEnvironmental Health SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Andrea Guytingco
- School of Public HealthEnvironmental Health SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Nicholas J. Peraino
- School of MedicineCenter for Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of ChemistryWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | | | - Tharinya Kaviya
- School of Health ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
| | - Judy Westrick
- School of MedicineCenter for Computational Medicine and BioinformaticsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
- Department of ChemistryWayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA
| | - Richard Neitzel
- School of Public HealthEnvironmental Health SciencesUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA
| | - Kowit Nambunmee
- School of Health ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang RaiThailand
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46
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Aranha MLG, Garcia MS, de Carvalho Cavalcante DN, Silva APG, Fontes MK, Gusso-Choueri PK, Choueri RB, Perobelli JE. Biochemical and histopathological responses in peripubertal male rats exposed to agrochemicals isolated or in combination: A multivariate data analysis study. Toxicology 2020; 447:152636. [PMID: 33217513 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of agrochemicals results in the exposure of the general human population, including children, to several of these chemicals simultaneously. In the present preclinical study, it was investigated the hepatic damages caused by exposure to acephate, carbendazim and mancozeb when administered alone or in different combinations (binary and ternary). Juvenile male Wistar rats were exposed to agrochemicals from post-natal day 53, by gavage. The doses of agrochemicals applied here were determined from previous studies whose results showed no signs of systemic toxicity. All exposures provoked a significant increase in DNA damage (except for acephate alone) and activation of the xenobiotic biotransformation system (except for the ternary mixture). Interestingly, the ternary mixture did not exhibit an exacerbation in adverse effects caused by agrochemicals isolated or in binary combination, even though they are sharing genotoxicity damage induction as a common toxicity pathway. Conversely, some effects observed for isolated or binary combinations of agrochemicals were not observed for ternary combination, suggesting a chemical interaction that could imply antagonism character. Using a multivariate data analysis approach, exposure to isolated agrochemicals were related to a group of adverse effects characterized by hepatic lesion and the attempt of the tissue to mobilize defense cells and increase mitotic rates to minimize damages. Binary mixtures also share similarities in relation to the effects they exhibited, mainly a moderate to high increase in the GST activity and in histopathological alterations suggesting that binary combinations trigger an increased response of the mechanism of xenobiotics biotransformation. Together, obtained results bring important insights regarding adverse effects and possible interaction of the three agrochemicals whose residues are commonly detected in agro-food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luiza Garcia Aranha
- Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Simões Garcia
- Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Priscila Gomes Silva
- Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayana Karoline Fontes
- Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Paloma Kachel Gusso-Choueri
- Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brasil Choueri
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Elaine Perobelli
- Experimental Toxicology Laboratory, Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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Kalász H, Karvaly G, Szimrók F, Szabó D, Milánkovits M, Keglevich A, Adeghate J, Darvas F, Kuca K, Musilek K, Tekes K. Pharmacokinetics of a Mono-pyridinium-mono-aldoxime (K-347), a Potential Antidote in Organophosphate Poisoning. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874104502014010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Our recent work has been treating the pharmacokinetics of pyridinium aldoximes of various structures including their time-dependent distribution in the body of male rats and also the extent of blood-brain-barrier penetration.
Objective:
Our overall aim was to find a proper antidote in organophosphate poisoning with fast elimination.
Methods:
White male Wistar rats were intramuscularly injected with the aqueous solution of 3 µmol of K-347. The animals were sacrificed at different time periods following treatment; various tissues and body fluids were taken and homogenised. The level of K-347 was determined using reversed-phase HPLC. Dose-dependence of tissue level was also determined by using various doses, 3 µmol through 100 µmol of K-347.
Results:
The serum level of K-347 showed a definitely fast decline. K347 did not have any effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that we tested.
Conclusion:
The kinetics of K-347 showed an extremely fast offset, even in comparison with several other pyridinium aldoximes in clinical practice and in developmental stages.
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Doğanlar O, Doğanlar ZB, Kurtdere AK, Chasan T, Ok ES. Chronic exposure of human glioblastoma tumors to low concentrations of a pesticide mixture induced multidrug resistance against chemotherapy agents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110940. [PMID: 32800223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence indicates that chronic, low-dose exposure to mixtures of pesticides can cause adverse responses in a variety of cells, tissues and organs, although interactions between pesticides circulating in the blood and cancer cells remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of a mixture of four pesticides to induce multidrug resistance against the chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and temozolomide in the human U87 glioblastoma cell line, and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance. We found that the repeated administration of the pesticide mixture (containing the insecticides chlorpyrifos-ethyl and deltamethrin, the fungicide metiram, and the herbicide glyphosate) induced a strong drug resistance in U87 cells. The resistance was durable and transferred to subsequent cell generations. In addition, we detected a significant over-expression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters P-gp/ABCB1 and BRCP/ABCG2 as well as a glutathione-S-transferase (GST)/M1-type cellular detoxification function, known to have important roles in multidrug resistance, thus providing molecular support for the acquired multidrug resistance phenotype and shedding light on the mechanism of resistance. We further determined that there was lower mortality in the resistant brain tumor cells and that the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway was activated at a lower rate after chemotherapy compared to non-resistant control cells. In addition, multidrug-resistant cells were found to have both higher motility and wound-healing properties, suggesting a greater metastatic potential. Our results suggest that the investigation of P-gp, BRCP and GST/M1 multidrug resistance gene expression and/or protein levels in biopsy specimens of brain tumor patients who were at risk of pesticide exposure could be beneficial in determining chemotherapy dose and prolonging patient survival.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cisplatin
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Humans
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/pharmacology
- Pesticides/toxicity
- Toxicity Tests, Chronic
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey.
| | - Zeynep Banu Doğanlar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Kardelen Kurtdere
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Tourkian Chasan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
| | - Esma Seben Ok
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22030 Edirne, Turkey
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49
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Amoatey P, Al-Mayahi A, Omidvarborna H, Baawain MS, Sulaiman H. Occupational exposure to pesticides and associated health effects among greenhouse farm workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22251-22270. [PMID: 32333353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The number and production capacities of greenhouse farms have been increased across the globe, driven by an effort for addressing food security problems related to the rapid population growth and the effects of climate change. As a result, there was a large increase in the number of greenhouse farm workers who are typically involved in chemical preparations and pesticide sprayings, crop harvesting, and greenhouse maintenance activities. Considering the enclosed architecture of the greenhouse farm design and the frequent application of pesticides, the objective of this review was to characterize pesticide exposure levels and resultant health effects among greenhouse farm workers. While most health assessment studies were mainly based on self-reported symptoms, this review showed limited epidemiological and clinical studies on the assessment of the health effects of pesticide exposure on greenhouse workers' health. Reproductive disorders, respiratory symptoms, neurological symptoms, and skin irritations were the most reported health effects among greenhouse farm workers. Additionally, there were limited studies on respirable pesticide-borne fine and ultrafine particulate matters in greenhouse farms. Ventilation systems and indoor environmental conditions of greenhouse farms were not designed according to specifications of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Among recommendations provided, long-term exposure assessments of pesticide effects on children born by greenhouse farm workers should be considered in future research. Also, compliance with ASHRAE indoor ventilation and environmental standards will be very important in reducing pesticide exposure and health effects among greenhouse farm workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Amoatey
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoudh, P.C., 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Mayahi
- Department of Soils, Water and Agricultural Engineering, College of Agriculture, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 34, Al-Khoudh, P.C., 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Hamid Omidvarborna
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoudh, P.C., 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Mahad Said Baawain
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoudh, P.C., 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Hameed Sulaiman
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al-Khoudh, P.C., 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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50
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Stoklosa H, Kunzler N, Ma ZB, Luna JCJ, de Vedia GM, Erickson TB. Pesticide Exposure and Heat Exhaustion in a Migrant Agricultural Worker: A Case of Labor Trafficking. Ann Emerg Med 2020; 76:215-218. [PMID: 32362432 DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To our knowledge, there are no published reports of heat exhaustion and pesticide exposure in a labor trafficked patient in the literature. Here we represent the case of J.C.J.L., who was labor trafficked. He presented to a local emergency department with heat exhaustion and pesticide exposure related to working conditions in a Mississippi corn field. Unfortunately, while he received medical treatment, his labor trafficking condition was missed. Emergency departments should be equipped to assess for human trafficking and connect trafficked persons with the resources they need. Emergency physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for human trafficking among migrant workers presenting with occupation-related complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanni Stoklosa
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA
| | - Nathan Kunzler
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zheng Ben Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Timothy B Erickson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA
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