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Meng B, Min XZ, Xiao MY, Xie WX, Li WL, Cai MG, Xiao H, Zhang ZF. Multimedia distribution, dynamics, and seasonal variation of PAHs in Songhua wetland: Implications for ice-influenced conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141641. [PMID: 38460850 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The knowledge of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in wetlands remains limited. There is a research need for the dynamics between interfaces of multimedia when ice is present in this fragile ecosystem. In this study, sediment, open-water, sub-ice water, and ice samples were collected from the Songhua wetland to study the behaviors of PAHs with and without influences from ice. The concentration of all individual PAHs in sub-ice water (370-1100 ng/L) were higher than the open-water collected from non-ice-covered seasons (50-250 ng/L). Enrichment of PAHs in the ice of wetland was found, particularly for high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW). This could be attributed to the relatively lower polarity of hydrocarbons compounds, making them more likely to remain in the ice layer during freezing. Source assessments reveal common sources for sub-ice water and ice, which differ from those in the open water in non-ice-covered seasons. This difference is primarily attributed to heating activities in the Harbin during winter. The average percentage contributions were 79% for sub-ice water and 36% for ice related to vehicle exhausts and coal combustion. Additionally, wood burning contributed 25% to sub-ice water and 62% to ice. Sediment in the wetland was found to serve as a final deposit particularly for heavier PAHs, especially those with 6 rings. Sediment also has the potential to act as a source for the secondary emission of low-molecular-weight PAHs (LMW) congeners into the water. PAHs in wetland displayed low ecological risk, while HMW PAHs with relative higher ecological risk is recommended to be further monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Heilongjiang Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Key Laboratory, Harbin University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xi-Ze Min
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Meng-Yuan Xiao
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wen-Xi Xie
- Qiqihar Environmental Monitoring Station, No. 571 Bukunan Street, Longsha District, Qiqihar City, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen-Long Li
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12237, United States
| | - Ming-Gang Cai
- Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; International Joint Research Center for Arctic Environment and Ecosystem (IJRC-AEE), Polar Academy, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Ecosystem (HPKL-PEE), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT), Harbin 150090, China.
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Guo W, Luo X, Hou G, Liu F, Yin Y, Li J, Shi X. A century-long record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition in the Old Yellow River Estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115643. [PMID: 37813059 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are potential geochemical indicators for assessing the impact of human activities and can be used to reconstruct historical human activities. This study collected a 108 cm sediment core from the 5th lobe of the Yellow River Delta for the first time and analyzed the historical distribution characteristics of PAHs in this area. The results showed that the sedimentation history of the core was from 1908 to 2014. The average value of PAHs was 28.93 ng/g. Biomass and coal combustion sources were the main sources of PAHs in the low-value areas, while oil spill sources were the main sources in the significantly higher PAHs areas in the 1960s, mid-1980s, late 1990s, and late 2010s, which was consistent with the development history of Shengli Oilfield. Compared with global estuaries, the historical industrial activity intensity in this area was weaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ximing Luo
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Guohua Hou
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yitong Yin
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaonan Shi
- School of Ocean Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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3
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Zhao X, Chen L, Guo W, Lu S. Temporal trends, sources, and ecological risk of residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediment core from the Dongping Lake, North China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:103033-103043. [PMID: 37674068 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A sedimentary record of the 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) pollutants from Dongping Lake, north China, is presented in this study. According to the dating of core sediment and OCP content analysis in samples, from 1904 to 2016, the total concentration of OCPs varied from undetectable levels (n.d.) to 33.1 ng/g. The OCP concentration was first detected in the samples of 1938, and then gradually increased to a peak level in 2000 thereafter decreased until 2016. Among the detected OCPs, hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were the predominant and the most frequently detected contaminants in the core sediment, with concentrations ranging from n.d. to 16.9 ng/g and from n.d. to 8.8 ng/g, respectively. The distribution of OCPs in the sediments was affected by organic carbon concentration, showing a significant positive correlation (r = 0.93, p < 0.001), especially for HCHs (r = 0.98, p < 0.001). The source analysis showed that HCH contamination mainly derived from historical use of technical HCHs, while in recent years, it derived from lindane usage. DDT pollution was attributed to historical use of technical DDTs, as well as the microbial degradation of historic DDT residues. Finally, risk analysis was performed for OCPs in sediment cores based on sediment quality guidelines from the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, showing that DDTs presented a high ecological toxicity risk during the period of 1959-2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Guangdong Province Urban Water Environment and Water Information Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenzhen, 518011, China
| | - Long Chen
- Shenzhen Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen, 518003, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100012, China
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Yoon SJ, Hong S, Lee J, Lee J, Kim Y, Lee MJ, Ryu J, Choi K, Kwon BO, Hu W, Wang T, Khim JS. Historical trends of traditional, emerging, and halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons recorded in core sediments from the coastal areas of the Yellow and Bohai seas. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108037. [PMID: 37354882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Historical trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination were reconstructed from eleven sediment cores located in intertidal zones of the Yellow and Bohai seas for a period encompassing the last 80 years. The analysis encompassed 15 traditional PAHs (t-PAHs), 9 emerging PAHs (e-PAHs), and 30 halogenated PAHs (Hl-PAHs), including 10 chlorinated PAHs (Cl-PAHs) and 20 brominated PAHs (Br-PAHs). Concentrations of target PAHs were highest in industrial and municipal areas situated along the coast of the Bohai Sea, including Huludao, Yingkou, Tianjin, and Dandong, constituting a substantial mass inventory. All target PAHs showed increasing trends since the 1950s, reflecting the development history of South Korea and China. High molecular weight PAHs accumulated in sampling sites more than low molecular weight PAHs. A positive matrix factorization model showed that the PAH sources were coal and gasoline combustion (35%), diesel combustion (33%), and biomass combustion (32%). Over the last 80 years, the contribution of coal and gasoline combustion increased in all regions, while diesel combustion and biomass combustion varied across regions and over time. Toxicity equivalence values were highest for t-PAHs (>99% contribution), followed by Cl-PAHs, Br-PAHs, and e-PAHs. Concentrations of t-PAHs in Eastern Asia seas have increased since the 1900s, particularly in intertidal areas compared to subtidal areas. The intertidal zone removed 83% of the total flux of PAHs originating from land and thus appears to serve as a buffer zone against marine pollution. Overall, this study provides novel knowledge on the historical trends and sources of PAHs on a large scale, along with insights for future coastal management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnam Kim
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo Joon Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Incheon, Ganghwagun 23038, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseong Ryu
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Incheon, Ganghwagun 23038, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsik Choi
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenyou Hu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Tieyu Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Kılıç S, Kılıç Ö, Belivermiş M, Ergül HA. Chronology of PAH and PCB pollution using sediment core in the Golden Horn estuary (Sea of Marmara). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114570. [PMID: 36642004 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The sources and depositional history of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 18 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) congeners in the Golden Horn estuary (İstanbul) were investigated using a dated sediment core for the period between 1880 and 2012. The concentrations of PAHs and PCBs were calculated for every 4 cm slices of the sediment core and ranged from 1203.5 to 3441.4 ng/g and 5.4 to 41.4 ng/g, respectively. The diagnostic ratios indicated that the maximum PAH values correspondence to combustion after a crude oil-carrying Romanian tanker (Independenta) accident in the İstanbul Strait in 1979. The historical deposition of PAHs and PCBs in the Golden Horn was influenced by municipal effluent and heavy industrial dischargers approximately 50 years. When the Silahtarağa thermal power plant (TPP) was operating, PCB pollution rose; however, after a thorough rehabilitation effort and the outlawing of PCB use in the 1990s, pollution levels significantly tended to decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kocaeli University, 41380 Umuttepe, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ö Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134 Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H A Ergül
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kocaeli University, 41380 Umuttepe, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Huang T, Zhou J, Luo D, Li S, Yang H, Huang C, Li Y, Zhang Z. Sediment record in pollution, toxicity risk, and source assignment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Erhai Lake, Southwest China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114424. [PMID: 36470098 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediments and sediment core had been collected from Erhai Lake, Southwest China to study the concentrations, toxicity risks, and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The average concentrations of Σ16PAHs, seven carcinogenic PAHs (carPAHs), and carcinogenic toxic equivalents (TEQcar) in the surface sediments and sediment core were 1634.50 ± 488.56 ng g-1 and 436.72 ± 128.17 ng g-1, 67.18-293.65 ng g-1 and 91.07-265.90 ng g-1, and 34.89 ± 13.17 ng g-1 and 36.99 ± 7.52 ng g-1, respectively. The Σ16PAHs and carPAHs concentrations in surface sediments were higher in the southern lake. The Σ16PAHs and TEQcar in the sediment core peaked in the 2010s and 1980s. The spatiotemporal variations in TEQcar and carPAHs were similar. Positive matrix factorization revealed that traffic emissions contributed 35.71 % of the TEQcar, whereas coal and biomass combustion contributed 12.89 % in the surface sediments. The contribution of gasoline and fossil fuel to TEQcar significantly increased from 19.2 % (1890s) to 66.5 % (1990s), that of benz[a]pyrene (coal combustion) decreased, and those of benz[b]fluoranthene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (petroleum combustion and traffic emissions) increased from 1.92 % to 3.93 % and from 1.54 % to 2.52 % in the sediment cores, respectively, owing to changes in energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Juan Zhou
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Duan Luo
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Shuaidong Li
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Changchun Huang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yunmei Li
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Jiang H, Han Y, Guo M, Gong X. Sedimentary records of human activities in China over the past two millennia and implications for the Anthropocene: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158149. [PMID: 35995165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have profoundly transformed the natural environment and the Earth system, leading to the concept of the Anthropocene. This paper summarizes the effects of human activities on the environment in China as recorded in sedimentary archives. China is divided into core and marginal areas based on their natural and societal conditions, and changes in selected proxies for four stages since 2.0 ka are assessed. From 2.0 to 1.0 ka, tree pollen ratios, magnetic susceptibility values, stable organic carbon isotope ratios, and lead concentrations began to deviate from natural baseline (4.0-2.0 ka) values in the core area at different times depending on location. From 1.0 ka to 1950 CE, anthropogenic perturbations recorded by these proxies increased and exhibited regional changes in the core area. From 1950 to1980 CE, total organic carbon contents, stable organic carbon isotope ratios, total nitrogen contents, and stable nitrogen isotope ratios changed significantly in both the core and marginal areas. After 1980 CE, lead concentrations, black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contents increased rapidly. In the latter two stages, the amounts and chronologies of artificial radionuclides and novel materials in the strata reflect their history of outputs or emissions. The boundaries for each stage correspond with important historical events. At 1.0 ka, the political center of China moved eastward, and a transportation network was established in the core area. In ca. 1950 CE, the People's Republic of China was established and the Global Acceleration began, while 1980 CE corresponds with the Reform and Opening-up of China that led to an accelerated industrialization. Our review shows that transportation networks and industries were key factors for intensification of human activities that caused Earth system to enter the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; National Observation and Research Station of Regional Ecological Environment Change and Comprehensive Management in the Guanzhong Plain, Xi'an 710061, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Meiling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Earth Science Frontier, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xuehong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center of Earth Science Frontier, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Guo F, Gao M, Dong J, Sun J, Hou G, Liu S, Du X, Yang S, Liu J, Huang Y. The first high resolution PAH record of industrialization over the past 200 years in Liaodong Bay, northeastern China. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 224:119103. [PMID: 36116194 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are excellent tracers for fossil fuel combustion, natural fires and petroleum contamination, and have been widely used for reconstructing past wildfires and industrial activities at a variety of time scales. Here, for the first time, we obtain a high resolution (annual to decadal scale) record of PAHs from two parallel marine sediment cores from the Liaodong Bay, Northeastern China to reconstruct the industrial activities, spanning the past ∼ 200 years from 1815 to 2014. Our data indicate that PAH variations can be divided into four episodes: I) low (probably near background) PAHs from natural fires and domestic wood combustion during the pre-industrial period from 1815 to 1890; II) slightly increased (but with large fluctuations) PAH concentrations derived from intermittent warfare during the World War (1891-1945) and increased industrial activities after 1946 (1946-1965); III) a period of stagnation and, in some cases, reduction in PAHs during the "Cultural Revolution" (1966 to 1979); and IV) a rapid and persistent rise in PAHs post 1979 linked to fast economic development, with PAH concentrations doubled from 1979 to 2014. Changes in PAH distributions demonstrate major shifts in the dominant types of fuels over time from vegetation/wood, to coal and wood, followed by coal and petroleum (including vehicle emissions) over the past 200 years. We find that PAH records also show similar trend to domestic economy and the estimated regional Anthropocene CO2 emissions from industrial activities, suggesting sedimentary PAH fluxes could be used as an indirect and qualitative proxy to track the trend for regional anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian 710061, China.
| | - Maosheng Gao
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junfu Dong
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Xiaojing Du
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912-1846, United States
| | - Shu Yang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University Qingdao, Qingdao 266237, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangzhou 510000, China.
| | - Yongsong Huang
- Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912-1846, United States.
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9
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Pang SY, Suratman S, Tay JH, Tan HS, Mohd Tahir N. Spatial and temporal trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment cores of Brunei Bay, East Malaysia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 179:113670. [PMID: 35525058 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three sediment cores from Brunei Bay, Southern South China Sea was investigated. The total concentrations of 16 priority PAHs (∑PAH16) and their alkyl-substituted derivatives ranged from 10.4 to 376 ng g-1 and 30.7 to 2263 ng g-1, respectively. PAH biomarker diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis (PCA) combined with absolute principal component score (APCS) and multiple linear regression (MLR) were performed to apportion the source contribution. The results revealed mixed inputs of fuel combustion residues and uncombusted petrogenic products. The downcore PAH profile revealed that the highest peaks could be related to past human activities using biofuel and coal during the industrialization/agriculture revolution period. The 1,7/(2,6+1,7)-dimethylphenanthrene ratio also highlighted wood combustion during forest fire outbreaks, which appeared to coincide with the past climate events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Yun Pang
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Suhaimi Suratman
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Joo Hui Tay
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hock Seng Tan
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Mohd Tahir
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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10
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Yang Z, Fang Y, Liu J, Chen A, Cheng Y, Wang Y. Moderate acidification mitigates the toxic effects of phenanthrene on the mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133783. [PMID: 35101431 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater acidification and phenanthrene may result in complex adverse effects on aquatic animals. Juvenile Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) were exposed to different pH levels (7.8, 6.5, and 5.5) under phenanthrene (PHE) (0 (control) and 50 μg/L) conditions for 14 days. Antioxidant and transcriptomic responses were determined under stress conditions to evaluate the physiological adaptation of crabs. Under the control pH 7.8, PHE led to significantly reduced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), but increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), 7-ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, moderate acidification (pH 6.5) changed PHE effects by increasing antioxidant enzymes. Acidification generally reduced SOD, GPx, GST and EROD activities, but increased CAT, GR, MDA. Compared with pH7.8 group, pH7.8 × PHE and pH6.5 × PHE groups had 1148 and 1498 differentially expressed genes, respectively, with "Biological process" being the main category in the two experimental groups. pH7.8 × PHE treatment caused significant enrichment of disease and immune-related pathways, while under pH6.5 × PHE, more pathways related to metabolism, detoxification, environmental information processing, and energy supply were significantly enriched. Thus, PHE had a significant inhibitory effect on antioxidant performance in crabs, while moderate acidification (pH6.5) mitigated the toxic effects of PHE. Overall, moderate acidification has a positive effect on the defense against the negative effects of PHE in Chinese mitten crabs, and this study provides insights into the defense mechanism of crustaceans in response to combined stress of acidification and PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yucheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Aqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Guo W, Yue J, Zhao Q, Li J, Yu X, Mao Y. A 110 Year Sediment Record of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Related to Economic Development and Energy Consumption in Dongping Lake, North China. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226828. [PMID: 34833920 PMCID: PMC8622884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A sedimentary record of the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants from Dongping Lake, north China, is presented in this study. The influence of regional energy structure changes for 2–6-ring PAHs was investigated, in order to assess their sources and the impact of socioeconomic developments on the observed changes in concentration over time. The concentration of the ΣPAH16 ranged from 77.6 to 628.0 ng/g. Prior to the 1970s, the relatively low concentration of ΣPAH16 and the average presence of 44.4% 2,3-ring PAHs indicated that pyrogenic combustion from grass, wood, and coal was the main source of PAHs. The rapid increase in the concentration of 2,3-ring PAHs between the 1970s and 2006 was attributed to the growth of the urban population and the coal consumption, following the implementation of the Reform and Open Policy in 1978. The source apportionment, which was assessed using a positive matrix factorization model, revealed that coal combustion was the most important regional source of PAHs pollution (>51.0%). The PAHs were mainly transported to the site from the surrounding regions by atmospheric deposition rather than direct discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (Y.M.)
| | - Junhui Yue
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Qian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; (J.Y.); (Q.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiangyi Yu
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center of MEE, Beijing, 100029, China;
| | - Yan Mao
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center of MEE, Beijing, 100029, China;
- Correspondence: (W.G.); (Y.M.)
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12
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Zhang M, Tang Z, Yin H, Meng T. Concentrations, distribution and risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from seven major river basins in China over the past 20 years. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 280:111717. [PMID: 33277098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river sediments in China have been extensively investigated. However, most previous studies only reported information about specific locations. As a result, the distribution and changes of these chemicals in sediments nationwide remain unknown. Based on published data during 1997-2020, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis to understand the concentration, risk and the spatiotemporal variation of PAHs in river sediments from the seven major river systems in China. The report provides a national picture of PAHs in river sediments of China. Among the seven river systems, higher concentrations of sediment PAHs are found in the basins of Liaohe River and Haihe River. In the study sediments, high-molecular-mass (4-6-ring) PAHs were predominated, reflecting the widespread combustion of coal and fossil fuels across China. In addition, PAH source assessment also suggests that raw coal and crude oil are important contributors to PAH concentrations in the rivers in northeastern China. Over the past 20 years, there is no downward trend in the concentrations of Σ16PAHs in sediments in the seven river basins; but the contribution of high-temperature combustion to the pollution has declined. In addition, our calculated risks from sediment PAHs seem to decline between 1997-2006 and 2007-2017 periods, although the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Of note, the data collection and the risk assessment methods used in this preliminary survey may result in some uncertainty. Our results suggest that the PAHs in river sediments in China still need to be paid attention to due to the complexity of their sources and harms to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Hongmin Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Tong Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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13
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Moreira LB, Braga Castro Í, Fillmann G, Peres TF, Cavalcante Belmino IK, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Bícego MC, Marins RV, Drude de Lacerda L, Costa-Lotufo LV, de Souza Abessa DM. Dredging impacts on the toxicity and development of sediment quality values in a semi-arid region (Ceará state, NE Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110525. [PMID: 33259786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sediment dredging impacts coastal environments by promoting the resuspension of fine particles and remobilization of contaminants that may trigger toxic effects. In this study, we evaluated the sediment quality in harbor areas of Mucuripe bay, a semi-arid ecosystem located in Ceará state (Brazil), which is subject to dredging activities. A sampling survey was conducted right after dredging operations and data compared to another survey performed prior dredging. Sediments were analyzed for fine particles, organic carbon, nutrients, metals, hydrocarbons, and tributyltin (TBT). Toxicity of whole-sediment and liquid phase exposures were also determined. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn decreased after dredging, which was confirmed by the geoaccumulation index. Levels of TBT dropped while phosphorus, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased. Toxic effects persisted, indicating a post-dredging recontamination combined with other sources such as urban runoff, wastewater discharges, harbor activities, and antifouling particles. Data from Mucuripe and Pecém harbors were compiled and site-specific sediment quality values (SQVs) were developed by using multivariate methods. The threshold values proposed by our study were lower and more effective to predict toxicity compared to international guidelines, indicating levels of contamination for this tropical region in which toxic effects may occur. Considering the large geographic area with different sediment characteristics of the Brazilian coast, this study represents a significant contribution to sediment toxicity assessment of dredging activities in semi-arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos Em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, UNESP, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Farias Peres
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Silvio Tarou Sasaki
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rozane Valente Marins
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luiz Drude de Lacerda
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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14
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Gopal V, Krishnamurthy RR, Kiran DRS, Magesh NS, Jayaprakash M. Trace metal contamination in the marine sediments off Point Calimere, Southeast coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 161:111764. [PMID: 33126144 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-five offshore sediment samples were collected after the Gaja cyclone to evaluate the sediment quality in terms of its metal concentration. The samples were examined for organic matter, textural characteristics, calcium carbonate, and trace metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, and Cr). The geo-accumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor, and pollution load index revealed that the study area was highly contaminated with Cu, Zn, and Co. Reasonable to extensive contamination was observed for Fe, Cr, and Ni, whereas Mn was under the uncontaminated category. Statistical analyses revealed that the contamination of Cu, Zn, and Ni are mainly originated from human activities such as boat navigation, fuel combustion, and tourism. Cyclones such as Gaja cause ecological disturbances of the terrestrial and transitional environments and also increase the level of offshore contamination by flooding the contaminated coastal landforms and transporting the contaminants to the sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gopal
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
| | - R R Krishnamurthy
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - D R Sakthi Kiran
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - N S Magesh
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa 403 804, India.
| | - M Jayaprakash
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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15
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Investigating Future Urbanization’s Impact on Local Climate under Different Climate Change Scenarios in MEGA-urban Regions: A Case Study of the Pearl River Delta, China. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11070771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the most significant contributing factors to anthropogenic climate change. However, a lack of projected city land use data has posed significant challenges to factoring urbanization into climate change modeling. Thus, the results from current models may contain considerable errors in estimating future climate scenarios. The Pearl River Delta region was selected as a case study to provide insight into how large-scale urbanization and different climate change scenarios impact the local climate. This study adopts projected land use data from freely available satellite imagery and applies dynamic simulation land use results to the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). The simulation periods cover the summer periods in 2010 and 2029–2031, the latter of which is averaged to represent the year 2030. The WRF simulation used the observed local climate conditions in 2010 to represent the current scenario and the projected local climate changes for 2030 as the future scenario. Under all three future climate change scenarios, the warming trend is prominent (around 1–2 °C increase), with a widespread reduction in wind speed in inland areas (1–2 ms−1). The vulnerability of human health to thermal stress was evaluated by adopting the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT). The results from the future scenarios suggest a high public health risk due to rising temperatures in the future. This study provides a methodology for a more comprehensive understanding of future urbanization and its impact on regional climate by using freely available satellite images and WRF simulation tools. The simulated temperature and WBGT results can serve local governments and stakeholders in city planning and the creation of action plans that will reduce the potential vulnerability of human health to excessive heat.
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16
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Guimarães LM, De França EJ, de Arruda GN, Albergaria-Barbosa ACRD. Historical inputs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the preserved tropical estuary of the Itapicuru River, Bahia, Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111218. [PMID: 32510369 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to evaluate temporal changes in the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the estuary of the Itapicuru (Brazil). A sediment core was sampled in the study area. Concentrations of the 16 priority PAHs were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry. A gas flow proportional counter was used to estimate the sedimentation rate through the determination of 210Pb. Granulometric fractions and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were also evaluated. Concentrations of TOC and PAHs ranged from 0.65 to 2.51% and 1.98 to 43.1 ng g-1 (dry weight), respectively. Significant correlations (p < .05) were found between the mud content in the sediment core samples and concentrations of both TOC and PAHs. Higher PAH concentrations occurred after the 1950s. The main sources of PAHs over time were local human activities on the northern coast of the state of Bahia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Medeiros Guimarães
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Marinha, Instituto de Geociências - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, sn, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Elvis Joacir De França
- Centro Regional de Ciências Nucleares do Nordeste, Av. Professor Luís Freire, 200, Recife, PE 50740-545, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cecília Rizzatti de Albergaria-Barbosa
- Laboratório de Geoquímica Marinha, Instituto de Geociências - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, sn, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil; Laboratório de Estudos do Petróleo, Instituto de Geociências - Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, sn, Salvador, BA 40170-115, Brazil.
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17
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Ma X, Wan H, Zhou J, Luo D, Huang T, Yang H, Huang C. Sediment record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Dianchi lake, southwest China: Influence of energy structure changes and economic development. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:126015. [PMID: 32032874 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a sediment core from Dianchi Lake, southwest China, were analysed. The influence of changes in China's energy structure for 2-6 ringed PAHs was investigated to assess sources and the impact of socioeconomic development on temporal changes in concentrations. The concentration of the ΣPAH16 ranged from 746 to 2293 ng g-1. Prior to the 1960s relatively low concentrations of the ΣPAH16 and a larger proportion of 2-3-ring PAHs indicated that biomass combustion was the main source of PAHs. A rapid increase in the concentrations of 2-3 ring PAHs between 1975 and 2004 was attributed to population growth and coal consumption. A declining trend since 2004 was interpreted as being due to local changes in household energy usage. Increased concentrations of 4-ring PAH between 1975-2005 and 5-6-ring PAHs between the 1980s to 2004 showed correlations with increased coal consumption and the number of motor vehicles, respectively. These were caused by rapid urbanization and industrialization in the Dianchi watershed following the implementation of the Reform and Open Policy in 1978. A subsequent decline in the concentrations of 4-ring and 5-6-ring PAHs may have been due to decreased coal consumption and improvements in emission standards, respectively. Source apportionment by a PMF model revealed that coal combustion (29.2%), vehicle emissions (24.2%), petrogenic sources (21.8%), and biomass combustion (24.9%) were the sources of PAHs in the lake sediment core, and that coal combustion was the most important regional source of PAHs pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hongbin Wan
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Juan Zhou
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Duan Luo
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Changchun Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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18
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Wang C, Zou Y, Yu L, Lv Y. Potential source contributions and risk assessment of PAHs in sediments from the tail-reaches of the Yellow River Estuary, China: PCA model, PMF model, and mean ERM quotient analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:9780-9789. [PMID: 31927736 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Principal component analysis (PCA), positive matrix factorization (PMF), and the mean effects range-median quotient (MERM-Q) models were employed to determine occurrence levels, sources, and potential toxicological significance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of the Yellow River Estuary, China. Due to the grain size of sediments, cumulative effects, and distribution of oil fields, the total concentration of the 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) priority PAHs (T-PAHs) measured in sediments along transects in the offshore area was 119.51 ± 39.58 ng g-1 dry weight (dw), which is notably higher than that measured in rivers (75.00 ± 12.56 ng g-1 dw) and estuaries (67.94 ± 10.20 ng g-1 dw). PAH levels decreased seaward along all the studied transects in coastal Bohai Bay. Multivariate statistical analyses supported that PAHs in sediments were principally derived from coal and biomass combustion, oil pollution, and vehicular emissions. Based on the MERM-Q (0.0050 ± 0.0017), PAHs were at low potential of ecotoxicological contamination level. These results provide helpful information for protecting water resources and serving sustainable development in Construction of Ecological Civilization in the Yellow River Delta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanmei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangju Yu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
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Sutilli M, Combi T, Garcia MRD, Martins CC. One century of historical deposition and flux of hydrocarbons in a sediment core from a South Atlantic RAMSAR subtropical estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:136017. [PMID: 31855633 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Levels and fluxes of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), including n-alkanes and petroleum biomarkers (PBMs), were measured in a sedimentary core from a nominated RAMSAR (Guaratuba Bay, Brazil) subtropical estuary experiencing relatively low human impacts, to describe the evolution of anthropogenic activities over the last century. TOC contents varied from 0.80 to 1.25%. No significant correlation between hydrocarbons and TOC with grain size (predominantly sand) was observed. Concentration and flux of total AHs ranged from 65.5 to 195 μg g-1 and 27.6 to 82.0 μg cm-2 y-1, respectively, with the highest levels found in 1960-1966, when access routes to Guaratuba city were improved. Diagnostic ratios based on AH components showed an apparent change in the sources over time, with biogenic origins prevailing until 1966-1971, followed by subsequent increases in petroleum sources. Petroleum tricyclic terpanes were detected in the core (0.40 to 3.0 μg g-1), suggesting the use of lubricating oil in the bay area. Hopanes were mainly attributed to biological sources. Concentration and flux of total PAHs ranged from 8.65 to 35.9 ng g-1 and 3.64 to 15.1 ng cm-2 y-1, respectively, with the highest levels found in the top core section, reflecting recently increased human activity, while a peak PAH concentration at approximately 1977-1983 can be assumed to be a delayed signal of increased human occupation as a consequence of the improvement of access roads to the area, which started in the 1960s. Alkylated were the most abundant group of PAHs throughout the core. Despite relatively low concentrations of hydrocarbon deposition over approximately 90 years, this study highlights the influence of human occupation and slight petroleum contamination in this preserved area, mainly in recent core sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sutilli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil..
| | - Tatiane Combi
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.; Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo s/n, 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marina Reback Domingues Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil..
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Gopal V, Krishnamurthy RR, Chakraborty P, Magesh NS, Jayaprakash M. Trace element contamination in marine sediments along the southeast Indian shelf following Cyclone Gaja. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110520. [PMID: 31445350 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, twenty seven surface sediments were collected off Pushpavanam, Nagapattinam coast, southeast coast of India for understanding the sedimentological and geochemical behaviour after the Cyclone Gaja. The sediment samples were analysed for texture, organic matter (OM), carbonates, and trace metals such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co including Fe and Mn. The Geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, enrichment factor and pollution load index revealed that Cu, Zn, Ni and Co is highly contaminated in the study area. Fe and Cr are moderately to considerably contaminated, while Mn shows uncontaminated. The principal component analysis also confirms the concentration of Cu, Zn, Ni and Co were mainly derived from the anthropogenic sources and related activities. Since Cyclones like Gaja often causes frequent ecological disturbance to the coastal environments and it distributes pollutants such as trace elements from localized area of contamination to offshore.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gopal
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
| | - R R Krishnamurthy
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Prasenjeet Chakraborty
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - N S Magesh
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Earth System Science Organization, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, Headland Sada, Vasco-da-Gama, Goa 403 804, India
| | - M Jayaprakash
- Department of Applied Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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Zhao X, Qiu W, Zheng Y, Xiong J, Gao C, Hu S. Occurrence, distribution, bioaccumulation, and ecological risk of bisphenol analogues, parabens and their metabolites in the Pearl River Estuary, South China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:43-52. [PMID: 31063942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogues and alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic (parabens) can be defined as emerging endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) due to their similar characteristics. This study analyzed eight bisphenol analogues, six parabens, and five paraben metabolites in seawater (including aqueous and suspended particle matter (SPM)), as well as organism samples from the Pearl River Estuary, in order to determine their occurrence, distribution, bioaccumulation, and ecological and human health risk in South China's marine environment. The aggregation concentrations of bisphenol analogues, parabens, and paraben metabolites were 106 ng/L, 4.53 ng/L, and 231 ng/L in aqueous samples, 868 ng/g, 173 ng/g, and 9320 ng/g in SPM samples, 41.6 ng/g, 6.46 ng/g, and 460 ng/g in marine organisms, respectively. This study identified significantly higher concentrations of paraben metabolites than their parent parabens in the marine environment, which has not yet been reported in previous studies. These findings call for greater attention on the contamination of paraben metabolites in marine environments. Moreover, the median values of the logarithm of bioaccumulation factors (BAF) for the detected 20 target compounds ranged from 0.11 to 5.07. Bisphenol analogues including bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol B (BPB), bisphenol P (BPP), and Fluornen-9-bisphenol (BPFL) (3.3 < lg BAF < 3.7), and three paraben metabolites including 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB) (3.3 < lg BAF < 3.7), methyl protocatechuate (OH-MeP), and ethyl protocatechuate (OH-EtP) (Log BAF > 3.7), exhibited varying degrees of potential bioaccumulation effect in the majority of organism samples. Furthermore, all tested chemicals in this study were at low risk quotient (RQ) levels for acute and chronic toxicity in seawater. However, the target hazard quotient (THQ) values of two paraben metabolites, 4-HB and benzoic acid (BA), were higher than 1, which indicates that paraben metabolites have the potential to adsorb into organisms, and their associated human health risks should be of great concern. Overall, the study results suggest that the occurrence and risks of emerging EDCs in coastal waters are deserving of further studies, especially in densely populated regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yi Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jianzhi Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chuanzi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiyao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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22
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Zhang J, Huang H, Wang R, Sun R. Historical Pollution and Source Contributions of PAHs in Sediment Cores from the Middle Reach of Huai River, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:531-537. [PMID: 30847516 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the spatial and historical distributions, and source contributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) from the middle reach of Huai River, 15 surface sediments and two sediment cores were analyzed. The Σ16 PAHs levels in surface sediments varied from 533.15 to 1422.83 ng/g dw, and from 413.27 to 43951.56 ng/g dw in individual sediment layer of sediment cores. The temporal trends of PAHs in sediment cores are the good indicators of the anthropogenic emissions over the last 60 years. The stable carbon isotope ratios of PAHs indicate the primary PAHs sources were the combustion of wood and coal during 1950s-1970s, and automobile exhausts and the coal combustion emissions in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Zhang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - He Huang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Ruoyu Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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23
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Lubecki L, Oen AMP, Breedveld GD, Zamojska A. Vertical profiles of sedimentary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and black carbon in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Poland) and Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (Norway), and their relation to regional energy transitions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:336-346. [PMID: 30056229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of undisturbed sediment cores is a powerful tool for understanding spatial and temporal impacts of anthropogenic emissions from the energy and transport sectors at a regional scale. The spatial and vertical distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and black carbon (BC) were determined in 12 cores of recent (up to 20cm long) sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk in Poland, and Oslofjord/Drammensfjord in Norway. The Σ12PAHs levels in individual sediment layers varied from 250 to 4500ng/g d.w. in the Gulf of Gdańsk, and from 210 to 4580ng/g d.w. in the Norwegian fjords. Analysis of PAH ratios indicates that PAHs in both studied areas originated mainly from pyrogenic sources. The BC concentrations in sediments were up to 0.9% and were generally higher in the Gulf of Gdańsk (mean - 0.39%) than in Oslofjord/Drammensfjord (mean - 0.19%). The deposition history of anthropogenic emissions over the last 100years was reconstructed based on the analysis of dated and well-laminated sediment cores from two stations from the Gulf of Gdańsk and two stations from the Norwegian fjords. The evolution in energy structure was especially evident in the Oslofjord, where transition from fossil fuel combustion to hydropower after 1960 coincided with a sharp decrease in sedimentary PAHs. Despite significant changes in the economic development in Poland, temporal patterns in PAH concentrations/profiles in the Gulf of Gdańsk were not as obvious. The historical PAH trends in the Gulf of Gdańsk may be related to the overwhelming PAH inputs from domestic combustion of solid fuels (coal, wood) for heating purposes. The implementation of legislation and other activities addressed to restrict the use of solid fuels in residential heating should reduce PAH emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwik Lubecki
- Marine Pollution Laboratory, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Amy M P Oen
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gijs D Breedveld
- Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, P.O. Box 3930, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1047, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna Zamojska
- University of Gdańsk, Department of Econometrics, ul. Armii Krajowej 101, 81-824 Sopot, Poland
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Ma X, Han X, Jiang Q, Huang C, Huang T, Yang H, Yao L. Historical Records and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Over the Past 100 Years in Dianchi Lake, a Plateau Lake in Southwest China. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:187-198. [PMID: 29651502 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-018-0525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two sediment cores were collected from Dianchi Lake, a plateau lake in Southwest China, to study the temporal trends and to investigate the sources of sedimentary deposited polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. The ΣPAH16 concentration in the two sediment cores ranged from 172.5 to 2244.8 ng/g and from 211.4 to 1777.8 ng/g, with mean values of 1106.2 and 865.1 ng/g, respectively. Three temporal trends for the ΣPAH16 concentration and the composition of PAHs in Dianchi Lake all showed three typical changing stages: (1) slight changes in deeper segments before the 1950s; (2) a rapid increase in PAH concentrations between the 1960s and 1990s; and (3) a slight reduction from the 1990s onward. These trends differ from those observed in developed countries due to differences in the timing of industrialization and urbanization processes. According to the results of the molecular ratios and principal component analysis, the PAH deposition was dominated by coal combustion, wood combustion, and vehicle emissions before and after the 1960s, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Han
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanliang Jiang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchun Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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25
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Ugochukwu UC, Ochonogor A. Groundwater contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon due to diesel spill from a telecom base station in a Nigerian City: assessment of human health risk exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2018; 190:249. [PMID: 29582156 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diesel pollution of groundwater poses great threat to public health, mainly as a result of the constituent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, the human health risk exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in diesel contaminated groundwater used by several families at Ring Road, Jos, Nigeria (as caused by diesel spill from a telecom base station) was assessed. Prior to the groundwater being treated, the residents were using the water after scooping off the visible diesel sheen for purposes of cooking, washing, and bathing. Until this study, it is not clear whether the groundwater contamination had resulted in sub-chronic exposure of the residents using the water to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the extent of the PAHs posing a health risk. The diesel contaminated groundwater and uncontaminated nearby groundwater (control) were collected and analyzed for PAHs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The dosage of the dermal and oral ingestion entry routes of PAHs was determined. The estimation of the non-carcinogenic health risk was via hazard quotients (HQ) and the associated hazard index (HI), while the estimation of the carcinogenic health risk was via lifetime cancer risks (LCR) and the associated risk index (RI). Obtained results indicate that the exposure of the residents to the PAHs may have made them susceptible to the risk of non-carcinogenic health effects of benzo(a)pyrene and the carcinogenic health effects of benzo(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfred Ochonogor
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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26
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Sun P, Xie B, Song Y, Yang H, Wang Y. Historical Trends of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Reservoir Sediment of the Dianchi Watershed, Southwest China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 99:117-124. [PMID: 28455811 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method dating data (210Pb and 137Cs) and OCPs signatures, the temporal distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in dated sediment core from Baoxianghe reservoir in Dianchi watershed, Southwest China. The concentrations of total PAHs were in the range of 162.3-762.2 ng g-1 from 1945 to 2013. There showed an obvious increase from 1960s to 2000s. The distributions of PAHs were influenced by local population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) during the period between1962 and 2004. PAHs sources changed from biomass or domestic coal combustion (before 1980) to liquid fossil fuel combustion (after 1980). Total toxic toxicity equivalents (TEQs) of the carcinogenic PAHs were very low (3.03-28.08 ng g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Sun
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Xie
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Song
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanhua Wang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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27
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Sun L, Guo W, Wang S, Ma L. Historical Characteristics of Contamination and Risk of Heavy Metals in Weishan Lake, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:776-783. [PMID: 28364195 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Combined with the dating analysis of 210Pb and 137Cs, the historical concentration and risk of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in the core sediment of Weishan Lake were determined. Pollution concentrations, enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, and ecological risk index of these metals and C/N ratio indicate that the natural inputs prevailed till early 1900s. From late 1970s onwards, the risk posed by these metals was significantly increased. Cu and Hg might cause adverse biological effects. The increase of soil erosion and wastewater discharge in the watershed promoted input and accumulation of these metals in the lake. The coal and petroleum industry in the catchment led the more accumulation of Hg, Cd and Cu in the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stromwater System & Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Shujuan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lekuan Ma
- Chinese Academy for Envirormental Planning, Beijing, 100012, China
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28
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Peng C, Wang M, Chen W, Chang AC, Crittenden JC. Mass balance-based regression modeling of Cd and Zn accumulation in urban soils of Beijing. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 53:99-106. [PMID: 28372766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of heavy metals in urban soil can pose adverse impacts on public health and terrestrial ecosystems. We developed a mass balance-based regression model to simulate the heavy metal accumulation in urban soils as a function of time and to explore connections between metal concentration and urbanization processes. Concentrations of Cd and Zn in 68 residential soil samples in the urban area of Beijing were used. The background concentrations, the loss rates and the input fluxes of Cd and Zn in urban soils of Beijing during the last three decades were estimated using a regression of the time series of accumulations of the metals. Based on the regression estimates, we simulated the general trends of Cd and Zn accumulation in the soils from 1978 to 2078. The concentrations of Cd and Zn in urban soil generally increased with the population growth, vehicle use and coal consumption. The mean concentrations of Cd and Zn in urban soil of Beijing would increase by 3 fold over the next 70years for the current development scenario. The mass balance-based regression approach, which is able to reconstruct the history data of urban soil pollution, provides fundamental information for urban planning and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, Hightower Chair and Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar in Environmental Technologies, GA 30332, USA
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29
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Ma C, Lin T, Ye S, Ding X, Li Y, Guo Z. Sediment record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Liaohe River Delta wetland, Northeast China: Implications for regional population migration and economic development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 222:146-152. [PMID: 28040336 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) of a 210Pb-dated sediment core extracted from the Liaohe River Delta wetland were measured to reconstruct the sediment record of PAHs and its response to human activity for the past 300 years in Northeast China. The concentrations of the 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs (∑16PAHs) ranged from 46 to 1167 ng g-1 in this sediment core. The concentrations of the 16 PAHs (especially 4- and 5+6-ring PAHs) after the 1980s (surface sediments 0-6 cm) were one or two orders of magnitudes higher than those of the down-core samples. The exponential growth of 4-ring and 5+6-ring PAH concentrations after the 1980s responded well to the increased energy consumption and number of civil vehicles resulting from the rapid economic development in China. Prior to 1950, relatively low levels of the 16 PAHs and a high proportion of 2+3-ring PAHs was indicative of biomass burning as the main source of the PAHs. A significant increase in the 2 + 3 ring PAH concentration from the 1860s-1920s was observed and could be attributed to a constant influx of population migration into Northeast China. It was suggested that the link between historical trend of PAHs and population or energy use involves two different economic stages. Typically, in an agricultural economy, the greater the population size, the greater the emission of PAHs from biomass burning, while in an industrial economy, the increase in sedimentary PAH concentrations is closely related to increasing energy consumption of fossil fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Ma
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Siyuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xigui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Biogeosciences, China Geologic Survey, Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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30
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Sedimentary Record of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Shuanglong Catchment, Southwest China. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/4976574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the dated sediments from the Shuanglong catchment in the southwest of China were measured to characterize source inputs. The PAHs concentrations in the priority controlling list of US EPA (∑PAHs) ranged within 102.47~563.24 ng g−1, with an average value of 207.18 ng g−1. The 2-3 rings PAHs were predominant, accounting for 73.77% of ∑PAH. According to the classification of pollution levels, ∑PAHs concentrations in the sediments are within the range of moderate pollution level. Both the total and individual PAH concentrations changed with the depth. The profile distribution of PAHs concentration in the sediments suggested that PAHs acted as an effective way to reconstruct the historical trends of socioeconomic changes in the study areas. Results of Ant/(Ant + Phe), Fla/(Fla + Pyr), and BaA/(BaA + Chry) show that petroleum and petrogenic matter are attributed to the potential pollution source in the Shuanglong catchment. The coal combustion and incomplete combustion of gasoline and fossil fuel are dominant. TOC contents had positive correlation with ∑PAHs (R2=0.72, P<0.001), 2-3 rings (R2=0.44, P<0.001), 4-ring (R2=0.78, P<0.001), and 5-6 rings (R2=0.62, P<0.001).
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31
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Cai Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Li Y, Ya M. Over 100-year sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine compounds (OCs) in the continental shelf of the East China Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:774-784. [PMID: 27498341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Historical records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in two dated sediment cores (DH05 and DH11) collected from the continental shelf of the East China Sea (ECS) to investigate the influence of anthropogenic activities on marine sediment over the past century. The concentrations and fluxes of 15 PAHs were in the range of 28.6-96.5 ng g-1 and 7.6-35.2 ng cm-2 yr-1 in DH05 (1920s-2009), 18.8-76.4 ng g-1 and 13.9-30.9 ng cm-2 yr-1 in DH11 (1860s-2009). The sedimentary records of PAHs in the two cores generally reflected the economic development and energy consumption change in China. Identification of sources suggested that PAHs in ECS were predominantly from petrogenic origin and various combustion sources. A change of source from low- and moderate-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion process was observed. Although a production ban of technical HCH and DDT was imposed in China in 1983, their sedimentary fluxes display increasing trends or strong rebounds from 1980s to 1990s as recorded in the core profiles. High proportions of DDD + DDE and γ-HCH suggested those OCPs mainly derived from early residuals. Temporal trends of PCBs presented relative high levels from 1970s to 1980s and high proportions of PCB congeners with 3-6 chlorines atoms indicated industrial sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Yuling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Miaolei Ya
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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32
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Li T, Sun G, Ma S, Liang K, Yang C, Li B, Luo W. Inferring sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments from the western Taiwan Strait through end-member mixing analysis. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 112:166-176. [PMID: 27531142 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Concentration, spatial distribution, composition and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated based on measurements of 16 PAH compounds in surface sediments of the western Taiwan Strait. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 2.41 to 218.54ngg-1. Cluster analysis identified three site clusters representing the northern, central and southern regions. Sedimentary PAHs mainly originated from a mixture of pyrolytic and petrogenic in the north, from pyrolytic in the central, and from petrogenic in the south. An end-member mixing model was performed using PAH compound data to estimate mixing proportions for unknown end-members (i.e., extreme-value sample points) proposed by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that the analyzed samples can be expressed as mixtures of three end-members, and the mixing of different end-members was strongly related to the transport pathway controlled by two currents, which alternately prevail in the Taiwan Strait during different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guihua Sun
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhong Ma
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liang
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China
| | - Chupeng Yang
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Luo
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510760, People's Republic of China
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Ugwu KE, Ukoha PO. Analysis and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil and Plant Samples of a Coal Mining Area in Nigeria. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 96:383-387. [PMID: 26758607 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-016-1727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study analysed coal, plant and soil samples collected from the vicinity of Okobo coal mine in Nigeria for Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and evaluated the sources of the PAH contamination in the environmental samples. The environmental samples were extracted by sonication using a ternary solvent system and analysed for 16 PAHs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of the analysis of the samples identified some of the target PAHs. The ranges of total concentrations (in mg/kg) of PAHs in the coal, plant and soil samples were, 0.00-0.04, 0.00-0.16 and 0.00-0.01 respectively. The evaluation of the results of the PAH analysis of the environmental samples using diagnostic ratios revealed that the PAHs in the soil samples were mainly of petrogenic origin, while those in plant samples indicated mixture of petrogenic and pyrolytic origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Ugwu
- National Center for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - P O Ukoha
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Li C, Huo S, Yu Z, Guo W, Xi B, He Z, Zeng X, Wu F. Historical records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon deposition in a shallow eutrophic lake: Impacts of sources and sedimentological conditions. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 41:261-269. [PMID: 26969073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sediment core samples collected from Lake Chaohu were analyzed for 15 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to assess the spatial and temporal distributions of the PAHs during lacustrine sedimentary processes and regional economic development. Assessing the PAH sedimentary records over an approximately 100-year time span, we identified two stages in the PAH inputs and sources (before the 1970s and after the 1970s) in the eastern lake region near a village, whereas three stages (before the 1950s, 1950s-1990s and after the 1990s) were identified in the western lake region near urban and industrial areas. Rapid increases in the PAH depositional fluxes occurred during the second stage due to increased human activities in the Lake Chaohu basin. The composition and isomeric ratios of the PAHs revealed that pyrolysis is the main source of PAHs in this lake. Strong positive relationships between PAH concentration and the total organic carbon concentration, sediment grain size (<4μm), as well as the local population and Gross Domestic Product indicated that the sedimentary conditions impact the depositional characteristics of the PAHs; simultaneously, socioeconomic activities, such as energy consumption and the levels of urban industrialization and civilization, affect both the composition and abundance of the PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaocan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Shouliang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Research Center for Ecological Engineering and Nonlinear Science, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Zhuoshi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiangying Zeng
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science, Beijing 100012, China
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Lei P, Zhang H, Shan B. Vertical records of sedimentary PAHs and their freely dissolved fractions in porewater profiles from the northern bays of Taihu Lake, Eastern China. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra11180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sedimentary records of 16 priority PAHs in sediment cores collected from the northern bays of Taihu Lake were analyzed to evaluate the influence of anthropogenic impacts on the sedimentary PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Baoqing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
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Guo J, Zhao L, Lu W, Jia H, Wang L, Liu X, Sun Y. Effect of historical residual hexachlorocyclohexanes and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on bacterial communities in sediment core collected from an estuary in northeastern China by next-generation sequencing. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 93:68-74. [PMID: 25736815 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluate the influence of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) on bacterial communities of sediment core from an estuary formed during the period of 1960-2011. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that o,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDD (mitotane), and depth had important influences on bacterial community distributions (p<0.05). Furthermore, our results found variance explained by all variables was 82.9%, while that by o,p'-DDD was 24.4%, and that of o,p'-DDT was 9.8%, indicating that o,p'-DDD had a greater influence on sediment-dwelling bacteria than o,p'-DDT. Also, bacterial diversity was affected and the Shannon index was significantly negatively correlated with total HCHs (r=-0.579, p<0.05) and total DDTs (r=-0.607, p<0.01), respectively. Furthermore, our results showed that Flavobacteria and Clostridia content can be considered an indicator of pollution of HCHs and DDTs in sediment core samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Guo
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Longhao Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Weihong Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hongliang Jia
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Luo Wang
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xianjie Liu
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, PR China.
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37
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Tang Z, Guo J, Liao H, Zhao X, Wu F, Zhu Y, Zhang L, Giesy JP. Spatial and temporal distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of Taihu Lake, eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:5350-5358. [PMID: 25354436 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal distributions of concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments and dated sediment core from Taihu Lake in eastern China were determined. The sum of concentrations of PAHs (sum of total 16 USEPA priority PAH (∑PAHs)) of the entire Taihu Lake ranged from 2.9 × 10(2) to 8.4 × 10(2) ng/g dry mass (dm). Concentrations of ∑PAHs in surface sediments near more urbanized regions of the lake shore were greater than those in areas more remote from the urban centers. Temporal trends in concentrations of ∑PAHs ranged from 5.1 × 10(2) to 1.5 × 10(3) ng/g dm, increasing from deeper layers to surface sediments with some fluctuations, especially in the past three decades after the inception of China's Reform and Opening Up Policy, in which China's economy and urbanization underwent rapid development. Forensic analysis of surface sediments indicates that PAHs originated primarily from combustion of grass/wood/coal except for the special function water area, which was most likely influenced by petroleum products of traveling vessels. Vertical profiles of relative concentrations of PAHs suggested that the contribution of lesser-molecular-weight PAHs was gradually decreasing, while due to the heavier consumption of petroleum products, the proportion of greater-molecular-weight PAHs was increasing. When assessed by use of the rather conservative, apparent effect threshold method, concentrations of ∑PAHs in sediments from most locations in Taihu Lake are predicted to pose little risk of harm to benthic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tang
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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38
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Peng C, Wang M, Chen W, Chang AC. Mass balance-based regression modeling of PAHs accumulation in urban soils, role of urban development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 197:21-27. [PMID: 25489746 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contents in 68 soils samples collected at housing developments that represent different length of development periods across Beijing. Based on the data, we derived a mass balanced mathematical model to simulate the dynamics of PAH accumulations in urban soils as affected by the urban developments. The key parameters were estimated by fitting the modified mass balance model to the data of PAH concentrations vs. building age of the sampling green area. The total PAH concentrations would increase from the baseline of 267 ng g(-1) to 3631 ng g(-1) during the period of 1978-2048. It showed that the dynamic changes in the rates of accumulations of light and heavy PAH species were related to the shifting of sources of fuels, combustion efficiencies, and amounts of energy consumed during the course of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Meie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Weiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Andrew C Chang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
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Li P, Xue R, Wang Y, Zhang R, Zhang G. Influence of anthropogenic activities on PAHs in sediments in a significant gulf of low-latitude developing regions, the Beibu Gulf, South China Sea: distribution, sources, inventory and probability risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 90:218-226. [PMID: 25467868 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 41 surface sediment samples and a sediment core (50 cm) from the Beibu Gulf, a significant low-latitude developing gulf, were analyzed. PAHs concentrations were 3.01-388 ng g(-)(1) (mean 95.5 ng g(-)(1)) in the surface sediments and 10.5-87.1 ng g(-)(1) (average 41.1 ng g(-)(1)) in the sediment core. Source apportionment indicated that PAHs were generated from coke production and vehicular emissions (39.4%), coal and biomass combustion (35.8%), and petrogenic sources (24.8%). PAHs were mainly concentrated in the industrialized and urbanized regions and the harbor, and were transported by atmospheric deposition to the marine matrix. The mass inventory (1.57-2.62t) and probability risk showed sediments here served as an important reservoir but low PAH risk. Different from oil and natural gas in developed regions, coal combustion has always been a significant energy consumption pattern in this developing region for the past 30 years (56 ± 5%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyang Li
- School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Rui Xue
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Coral Reef Research Center of China, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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40
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Kuang YW, Li J, Hou EQ. Lipid-content-normalized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the xylem of conifers can indicate historical changes in regional airborne PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:53-59. [PMID: 25299794 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The temporal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations as well as the lipid content in the xylem of Masson pine trees sampled from the same site were determined and compared with the days of haze occurrence and with the historical PAHs reported in sedimentary cores. The patterns of the lipid content as well as the PAH concentrations based on the xylem dry weight (PAHs-DW) decreased from the heartwood to the sapwood. The trajectories of PAHs normalized by xylem lipid content (PAHs-LC) coincided well with the number of haze-occurred days and were partly similar with the historical changes in airborne PAHs recorded in the sedimentary cores. The results indicated that PAHs-LC in the xylem of conifers might reliably reflect the historical changes in airborne PAHs at a regional scale. The species-specificity should be addressed in the utility and application of dendrochemical monitoring on historical and comparative studies of airborne PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-wen Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
| | - Jiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
| | - En-qing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, PR China.
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41
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Liu H, Liu G, Da C, Yuan Z, Wang J. Concentration and fractionation of heavy metals in the old yellow river estuary, china. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:174-182. [PMID: 25602332 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2014.04.0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A sequential extraction procedure was applied to determine the concentration and fractionation characteristics of eight heavy metals (HMs) (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni) in a sediment core collected from the old Yellow River Estuary, China. The results revealed that the mean deposition rate of this sediment core, which spanned 87 yr (1925-2012), was approximately 0.5 cm yr. The mean concentrations and ranges of HMs were Cu: 26.9 (18.3-38.5), Zn: 76.4 (51.0-107), Pb: 37.3 (17.8-53.8), Cd: 0.23 (0.20-0.27), Cr: 84.7 (45.5-116), Fe: 24,000 (16,500-31,700), Mn: 709 (388-1020), and Ni: 36.1 (24.8-47.2) mg kg (dry weight). Six HMs (Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Fe, and Ni) were present in their highest proportion in the residual fraction; their lowest proportion was observed in the exchangeable fraction. Lead primarily existed in the oxidizable or residual fraction. Manganese was mainly presented in the exchangeable fraction. The risk assessment code results revealed that the sediments displayed a low risk for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mn, and Ni. The HMs Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Mn, and Ni displayed minor enrichment in the sediment core, whereas for Pb, moderate contamination enrichment was observed. Overall, an increase in and total concentration of HMs occurred since 1925 and reached a maximum value around 1980, after which there was a larger fluctuation or decline until 2012. We also found that the degree of HM pollution during the 1976-1996 period was less serious than before 1976. All the sediment samples exceeded the effect range low (ERL) for Ni, whereas 56.1, 7.32, and 17.1% exceeded the ERL values for Cr, Cu, and Pb; no samples exceeded the ERL for Zn or Cd.
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Spatial and temporal variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from yellow river-dominated margin. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:654183. [PMID: 25386611 PMCID: PMC4217326 DOI: 10.1155/2014/654183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed for surface sediments and a sediment core from the Yellow River-dominated margin. The concentration of 16 USEPA priority PAHs in surface sediments ranged from 5.6 to 175.4 ng g−1 dry weight sediment (dws) with a mean of 49.1 ng g−1 dws. From 1930 to 2011, the distribution of PAHs (37.2 to 210.6 ng g−1 dws) was consistent with the socioeconomic development of China. The PAHs' concentration peaked in 1964 and 1986, corresponding to the rapid economic growth in China (1958–1965) and the initiation of the “Reform and Open” policy in 1978, respectively. The applications of molecular diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggest that PAHs are predominantly produced by the coal and biomass combustion, whereas the contribution of petroleum combustions slightly increased after the 1970s, synchronous with an increasing usage of oil and gas in China.
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43
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Yuan Z, Liu G, Wang R, Da C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Old Yellow River Estuary, China: occurrence, sources, characterization and correlation with the relocation history of the Yellow River. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 109:169-176. [PMID: 25203973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The levels of 16 USEPA priority PAHs were determined in surface sediments and one dated sediment core from the abandoned Old Yellow River Estuary, China. Total PAH concentrations in the surface sediments ranged from 100.4 to 197.3 ng g(-1) dry weight and the total toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ(carc)) values of the carcinogenic PAHs were very low. An evaluation of PAH sources based on diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis suggested that PAHs in the surface sediments mainly derived from combustion sources. The total PAH concentrations altered significantly with year of deposition and showed quite different patterns of change compared with other studies: it is hypothesized that the principal cause of these changes is the relocation of the course of the Yellow River to the sea in 1976 and 1996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijiao Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, Shaanxi, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710075, Shaanxi, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China; University of Science and Technology of China-City University of Hong Kong Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunnian Da
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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Wu Q, Leung JYS, Tam NFY, Chen S, Mai B, Zhou X, Xia L, Geng X. Biological risk and pollution history of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Nansha mangrove, South China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 85:92-8. [PMID: 24981104 PMCID: PMC7094500 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chinese government has taken various measures to alleviate pollution caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the region of Pearl River Delta since the economic reform in 1978, but the effectiveness of these measures remains largely unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the biological risk and pollution history of PAHs by measuring the concentrations of 28 PAHs in the surface and core sediments, respectively, in Nansha mangrove. Results found that the biological risk of PAHs was low without obvious spatial variation. The PAH concentration along the depth gradient indicated that PAH pollution was stabilized since the early 1990s while the source of PAHs has gradually changed from combustion of coal to petroleum products. This implied that the mitigation measures taken by the Chinese government were effective. Compared to marine bottom sediment, we propose that using mangrove sediment can provide a more accurate and precise estimate of pollution history of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jonathan Y S Leung
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nora F Y Tam
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xizhen Zhou
- School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihua Xia
- School of Geographical Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinhua Geng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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45
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Machado KS, Figueira RCL, Côcco LC, Froehner S, Fernandes CVS, Ferreira PAL. Sedimentary record of PAHs in the Barigui River and its relation to the socioeconomic development of Curitiba, Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 482-483:42-52. [PMID: 24636886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in a sediment core collected from the Barigui River, in Curitiba, South Brazil. The USEPA's 16 priority PAH concentrations ranged from 39ng g(-1) to 2350ng g(-1) of dry sediment over a period that corresponds temporally to between ca. 1855 and 2011. The concentrations and patterns of PAH distribution changed over this time period and may be associated with several episodes in the Curitiba's history. Two major PAHs concentration peaks occurred in approximately 1910 and 1970, which might reflect population increases due to immigration programs in the 1890s and the sudden economic development that occurred in Brazil from 1960 to 1980, "The Economic Miracle Period", respectively. Isomeric ratios revealed that the PAHs had predominantly pyrolytic sources. The population, number of highways and electric energy consumption of Curitiba, as indices of socioeconomic development, were positively correlated with PAH deposition in the sediment core from 1855 to 1970, indicating the influence of socioeconomic development on the environmental load of sedimentary PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina S Machado
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil.
| | - Rubens C L Figueira
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Square, 191, São Paulo 05508-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian C Côcco
- LACAUT - Analysis Laboratory of Automotive Fuels, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandro Froehner
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | - Cristovão V S Fernandes
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo A L Ferreira
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Square, 191, São Paulo 05508-120, SP, Brazil
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Yan B, Bopp RF, Abrajano TA, Chaky D, Chillrud SN. Source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into Central Park Lake, New York City, over a century of deposition. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:985-92. [PMID: 24375577 PMCID: PMC4211259 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Relative contributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from combustion sources of wood, petroleum, and coal were computed in sediments from Central Park Lake in New York City (NY, USA) by chemical mass balance based on several reliable source indicators. These indicators are the ratio of retene to the sum of retene and chrysene, the ratio of 1,7-dimethylphenanthrene (DMP) to 1,7-DMP and 2,6-DMP, and the ratio of fluroanthene to fluroanthene and pyrene. The authors found that petroleum combustion-derived PAH fluxes generally followed the historical consumption data of New York State. Coal combustion-derived PAH flux peaked approximately in the late 1910s, remained at a relatively high level over the next 3 decades, then rapidly declined from the 1950s to the 1960s; according to historical New York State coal consumption data, however, there was a 2-peak trend, with peaks around the early 1920s and the mid-1940s. The 1940s peak was not observed in Central Park Lake, most likely because of the well-documented shift from coal to oil as the major residential heating fuel in New York City during the late 1930s. It was widely believed that the decreased PAH concentrations and fluxes in global sediments during the last century resulted from a major energy shift from coal to petroleum. The data, however, show that this shift occurred from 1945 through the 1960s and did not result in an obvious decline. The sharpest decrease, which occurred in the 1970s was not predominantly related to coal usage but rather was the result of multiple factors, including a decline in petroleum usage largely, the introduction of low sulfur-content fuel in New York City, and the introduction of emission-control technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beizhan Yan
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | - Richard F. Bopp
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | | | - Damon Chaky
- Department of Math and Science, Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Steven N. Chillrud
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
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Zhang C, Liu X, Wu D, Liu G, Tao L, Fu W, Hou J. Teratogenic effects of organic extracts from the Pearl River sediments on Xenopus laevis embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:202-209. [PMID: 24361698 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity of organic extracts from the Pearl River sediments was investigated with Xenopus laevis embryos. The effects of sediment organic extracts on the mortality, body length and malformation of X. laevis embryos were tested by the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX). The 96-h LC₅₀ values for X. laevis embryos ranged from 62 to 137 g/L (g extracted sediment per L), and the toxicity effect on body length of larvae was not significant under 20 g/L. However, the teratogenic effects produced by sediment organic extracts were diverse, including edema, hypopigmentation, cardiac and ocular malformations, abdomen recurved and curved spine. The percentage of malformations increased with increasing sediment organic extracts, and even reached almost 100% at 10 and 20 g/L in Guangzhou district. A gradient of pollution in the Pearl River sediments was discerned from the teratogenic toxicity. Guangzhou district showed higher teratogenic toxicity compared with Panyu and Nansha districts as a possible consequence of high levels of PAHs, PCBs, OCPs and NP in the sediments. The teratogenic effects of organic extracts from the Pearl River sediments were successfully assessed which indicated the feasibility of teratogenic potential studies of sediments using X. laevis embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Guannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Li Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Wenjun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Jing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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Guo JY, Wu FC, Liao HQ, Zhao XL, Li W, Wang J, Wang LF, Giesy JP. Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and DDTs in Dianchi Lake, an urban lake in Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5471-5480. [PMID: 23430736 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Unique time trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were found in a dated sediment core from Dianchi Lake (DC), an urban lake in Southwest China. The temporal trend of PAHs in DC was not only different from those in China's coastline and remote lakes of China, but also different from those in more developed countries. Identification of sources suggested that PAHs in DC originated primarily from domestic combustion of coal and biomass. However, a change of source from low- and moderate-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion processes was observed. Different from those in China's coastline and some developed countries, the temporal trend of DDTs in DC mirrored the historical usage of DDTs in China, with erosion of soils and surface runoff from its drainage area the most likely routes of DDT introduction to the lake. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in its catchment, effective interception of point-source pollution, and changes in sources of energy during the last few decades have significantly influenced the vertical profiles of PAHs in DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-yang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
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Abdollahi S, Raoufi Z, Faghiri I, Savari A, Nikpour Y, Mansouri A. Contamination levels and spatial distributions of heavy metals and PAHs in surface sediment of Imam Khomeini Port, Persian Gulf, Iran. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 71:336-45. [PMID: 23523119 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Imam Khomeini Port (IKP) is the largest Iranian commercial port. Because of many petrochemical industries and urban areas are located around this port and also having heavy ship traffic, concentrations of PAHs, mercury and other heavy metals were measured as the first time in surface sediment of the jetties. The highest concentrations of PAHs, Hg, Cu, Pb and Fe were recorded at Site 1, located in the vicinity of the petrochemical industrial zone, where ships are repaired. The highest concentration of Zn was found at Site 4, which is the jetty for loading mineral materials. The comparison between measured values in this study and some sediment quality guidelines indicated that the concentrations of mercury and PAHs are much higher than other studies. Also, the ratios of PAHs in the stations showed a mixture of both of pyrolytic and petrogenic sources with a dominance of pyrolytic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Abdollahi
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Khoramshahr Marine Science and Technology University, Khoramshahr, Iran.
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50
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Zhang R, Zhang F, Zhang TC. Sedimentary records of PAHs in a sediment core from tidal flat of Haizhou Bay, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 450-451:280-288. [PMID: 23500827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and depositional fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in a dated sediment core collected from a tidal flat in Haizhou Bay, China. The USEPA's 16 priority PAH concentrations ranged from 72.51 ng g(-1) dw in 1969 to 805.21 ng g(-1) dw in 2010, while the deposition fluxes were in the range of 102.36-861.02 ng cm(-2) yr(-1). The PAH concentrations and fluxes changed dramatically with depth, suggesting changes in energy usage and corresponding closely with the historical economic development of eastern China. The levels of PAHs slightly increased from the late 1970s, following China's "Reform and Open" policy of 1978; however, a drastic increase in the concentration of PAHs observed in 1990 was indicative of the rapid growth in coal and petroleum incomplete combustion byproducts, which was associated with the increase in economic development in this area. Furthermore, isomer ratio analysis and principle component analysis revealed the main anthropogenic pyrolytic source that causes PAH contamination in the coastal sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu Province, China.
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