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Yaghmour F, Samara F, El Sayed Y, Mohammed A, Maio E, Philip S, Budd J, Els J. Investigating heavy metal concentrations in sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae) as an outcome of oil spill exposure. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35954. [PMID: 39224348 PMCID: PMC11366930 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study reports the concentration of heavy metals in the tissues of stranded sea snakes that died as a result of exposure to an oil spill on the eastern coast of Sharjah, UAE. Given the limited occurrence of stranded sea snakes observed along Sharjah's eastern coast outside this spill incident, we are using strandings collected from the nearby Arabian Gulf coast of Sharjah to compare the levels of heavy metals in sea snakes affected by the oil spill against their non-oiled counterparts. The sample comprised 14 Arabian Gulf Coral Reef Sea Snakes (Hydrophis lapemoides), 6 Yellow-bellied Sea Snakes (Hydrophis platurus), and 4 Yellow Sea Snakes (Hydrophis spiralis). Overall, our results show significantly higher concentrations of Al, Cd, Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn in sea snakes that were mired in oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Yaghmour
- Hefaiyah Mountain Conservation Centre (Scientific Research Department), Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatin Samara
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yehya El Sayed
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Areej Mohammed
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Engineering Systems Management Program, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elisa Maio
- Breeding Centre of Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Susannah Philip
- Breeding Centre of Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jane Budd
- Breeding Centre of Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Johannes Els
- Breeding Centre of Endangered Arabian Wildlife, Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Valdés-Flores J, Ley-Quiñonez CP, León-Sicairos N, Flores-Villaseñor H, Velázquez-Román J, Angulo-Zamudio U, Zavala-Norzagaray A, Hart CE, Olimón-Andalón V, Leal-Moreno R, Sosa-Cornejo I, Aguirre AA, Canizalez-Román A. Comparison of the blood biochemical values of foraging and nesting Olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) from Sinaloa, Mexico. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106491. [PMID: 38657368 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Our study aimed to establish reference values for nesting females and compare them with those previously reported to understand olive ridley turtles' health status and contribute to long-term health assessment and monitoring in foraging and nesting areas from the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. In August and September 2018, morphometric data and biochemical profiles were collected from 33 nesting olive ridley turtles from Ceuta Beach Sanctuary (CBS) and 14 foraging female turtles captured at the foraging site, Navachiste Marine Area (NMA). Nesting turtles sampled had greater CCL (65.86 ± 1.70 cm) than those from the foraging area (61.54 ± 1.22) (p < 0.05). Regarding biochemical profiles, post-nesting turtles had higher packed cell volume (PCV), albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), cholesterol, triglycerides, and calcium than turtles from the foraging area (p < 0.05). Phosphorus levels were higher in foraging turtles than in nesting turtles (p = 0.001), while the remaining parameters showed no significant differences. The present study describes for the first time the blood biochemical values of nesting turtles from the Ceuta Beach Sanctuary in southern Sinaloa, Mexico, similar to those of foraging turtles from the north of the state. The significant differences observed between the two analysis groups may be due to the energy reserves and reproductive and nesting activity of the nesting turtles, so the blood biochemistry values described in this study can be used as a standard reference blood value for the olive ridley turtle population of Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Valdés-Flores
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80040, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa, 80200, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Hector Flores-Villaseñor
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico; The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health, 80020, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jorge Velázquez-Román
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Uriel Angulo-Zamudio
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Catherine E Hart
- Centro de Investigaciones Oceánicas del Mar de Cortés, Gran Acuario Mazatlán, 82017, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Vicente Olimón-Andalón
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80040, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Renato Leal-Moreno
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-SIN, 81049, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Ingmar Sosa-Cornejo
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 80040, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - A Alonso Aguirre
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Warner College of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, 80523, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Román
- School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80019, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico; The Women's Hospital, Secretariat of Health, 80020, Culiacan, Mexico.
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Barraza AD, Finlayson KA, Leusch FDL, Limpus CJ, van de Merwe JP. Understanding contaminant exposure risks in nesting Loggerhead sea turtle populations. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115605. [PMID: 37844482 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Queensland loggerhead turtle nest numbers at Mon Repos (MR) indicate population recovery that doesn't occur at Wreck Island (WI). Previous research illustrated that MR and WI turtles forage in different locations, potentially indicating risks differences. Blood, scute, and egg were collected from turtles nesting at MR and WI, with known foraging sites (from concurrent studies). Trace element and organic contaminants were assessed via acid digestion and in vitro cytotoxicity bioassays, respectively. WI turtles had significantly higher scute uranium and blood molybdenum compared to MR turtles, and arsenic was higher in WI turtles foraging north and MR turtles foraging south. Egg and blood titanium, manganese, cadmium, barium, lead, and molybdenum, and scute and egg selenium and mercury significantly correlated. Blood (75 %) extracts produced significant toxicity in vitro in turtle fibroblast cells. In conclusion, reducing chemical exposure at higher risk foraging sites would likely benefit sea turtles and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Barraza
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kimberly A Finlayson
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, QLD, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, QLD, Australia
| | - Colin J Limpus
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, 4222, QLD, Australia
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Fernández-Sanz H, Perrault JR, Stacy NI, Mancini A, Reyes-Bonilla H, Reséndiz E. Blood analyte reference intervals and correlations with trace elements of immature and adult Eastern Pacific green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in coastal lagoons of Baja California Sur, México. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115547. [PMID: 37717495 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles can bioaccumulate high concentrations of potentially toxic contaminants. To better understand trace element effects on sea turtles' health, we established reference intervals for hematological and plasma biochemical analytes in 40 in-water, foraging immature and adult Eastern Pacific green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from two coastal lagoons in Baja California Sur, quantified whole blood concentrations of eight trace elements, and assessed their correlations. Rank-order trace element concentrations in both immature and adult turtles was zinc > selenium > nickel > arsenic > copper > cadmium > lead > manganese. Immature turtles had significantly higher copper and lower nickel and zinc concentrations. Additionally, a number of relationships between trace elements and blood analytes were identified. These data provide baseline information useful for future investigations into this population, or in other geographic regions and various life-stage classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Fernández-Sanz
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Carretera al Sur km 5.5, El Mezquitito 19-B, 23080 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Health Assessments in Sea Turtles From Baja California Sur, Villa Ballena 330, Villas del Encanto, 23085 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Justin R Perrault
- Loggerhead Marinelife Center, 14200 US Highway 1, Juno Beach, FL 33408, USA.
| | - Nicole I Stacy
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Agnese Mancini
- Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias A.C., Calle Seis 141, Azaleas, 23098 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Héctor Reyes-Bonilla
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Carretera al Sur km 5.5, El Mezquitito 19-B, 23080 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Reséndiz
- Health Assessments in Sea Turtles From Baja California Sur, Villa Ballena 330, Villas del Encanto, 23085 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico; Laboratorio de Investigación y Medicina de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento Académico de Ciencia Animal y Conservación del Hábitat, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Carretera al Sur km 5.5, El Mezquitito 19-B, 23080 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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CHOMCHAT P, KAEWMONG P, SIRINARUMITR K, SERA K, NODA J, SIRINARUMITR T. Study of trace elements in stranded green turtles (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata), and olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) in Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:557-564. [PMID: 36948643 PMCID: PMC10209466 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to survey and compare the amounts of elements in the serum of stranded sea turtles from the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. The sea turtles from the Gulf of Thailand had Ca, Mg, P, S, Se, and Si concentrations significantly higher than those in sea turtles from the Andaman Sea. The Ni and Pb concentrations of sea turtles from the Gulf of Thailand was higher, but not significantly so, than in sea turtles from the Andaman Sea. Rb was detected only in sea turtles from the Gulf of Thailand. This may have been related to the industrial activities in Eastern Thailand. The concentration of Br in the sea turtles from the Andaman Sea were significantly higher than those in sea turtles from the Gulf of Thailand. The higher serum concentration of Cu in hawksbill (H) and olive ridley turtles (O) than in green turtles may be due to hemocyanin, as an important component in the blood of crustaceans. The higher Fe concentration in the serum from green turtles than for H and O may be due to chlorophyll, which is an important component of chloroplasts in eel grass. Co was not found in the serum of green turtles but was found in the serum of H and O. The monitoring of important elements in sea turtles may be used as a tool to assess the levels of pollution in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poommate CHOMCHAT
- Ph.D. Program in Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Kaitkanoke SIRINARUMITR
- Kasetsart University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Koichiro SERA
- Cyclotron Research Center, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Jun NODA
- Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Theerapol SIRINARUMITR
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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de Luna Beraldo M, Lozano-Bilbao E, Hardisson A, Paz S, Weller DG, Rubio C, Gutiérrez ÁJ. Trace and macro elements concentrations in the blood and muscle of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Canary Islands, Spain. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114793. [PMID: 36934490 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles can bioaccumulate heavy metals and trace elements over the years, therefore they can be used as bioindicators of pollution in the marine environment. The aim of this study was to analyze seventeen elements in blood and muscle of Caretta caretta from the Canary Islands and compare these concentrations in the two tissues. Thirteen blood samples and six muscle samples were collected from loggerhead turtles admitted to the Rescue Center of La Tahonilla. The samples were processed through microwave digestion and incineration. For the study of the data, a descriptive statistical analysis and a PERMANOVA were performed. All individuals in this study were juveniles (size <70 cm). The results of this study differ from previous studies on loggerhead sea turtles. All the elements analyzed were detected, with Na having the highest concentration in blood (75,379 ± 30,066 mg/kg) and muscle (222,626 ± 156,049 mg/kg). Statistically significant differences were found between the concentration of Al, B, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Na, Sr, V and Zn in each tissue analyzed. Compared to other studies, a higher Cu concentration was found both in blood (252.9 ± 114.4 mg/kg) and in muscle (416 ± 247.8 mg/kg). This study has provided new data on pollutants in loggerhead sea turtles and increased the information available for different geographic areas, although more studies are needed to understand the effects and impact of these pollutants on sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica de Luna Beraldo
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Enrique Lozano-Bilbao
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Ecología Marina Aplicada y Pesquerías, i-UNAT, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Soraya Paz
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Dailos González Weller
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Servicio Público Canario de Salud, Laboratorio Central, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Carmen Rubio
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Grupo interuniversitario de Toxicología Alimentaria y Ambiental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Campus de Ofra, 38071 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Área de Toxicología, Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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Chen X, Cao S, Wen D, Geng Y, Duan X. Sentinel animals for monitoring the environmental lead exposure: combination of traditional review and visualization analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:561-584. [PMID: 35348990 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In nature, certain animals share a common living environment with humans, thus these animals have become biomonitors of health effects related to various environmental exposures. As one of the most toxic environmental chemicals, lead (Pb) can cause detriment health effects to animals, plants, and even humans through different exposure pathways such as atmosphere, soil, food, water, and dust, etc. Sentinel animals played an "indicative" role in the researches of environmental pollution monitoring and human health. In order to comprehend the usage of sentinel animals in the indication of environmental Pb pollution and human Pb exposure completely, a combination of traditional review and visualization analysis based on CiteSpace literature was used to review earlier researches in this study. In the first instance, present researches on exposure sources and exposure pathways of Pb were summarized briefly, and then the studies using sentinel animals to monitor environmental heavy metal pollution and human health were combed. Finally, visualization software CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used to explore and analyze the hotspots and frontiers of lead exposure and sentinel animals researches at home and abroad. The results showed that certain mammals were good indicators for human lead exposure. Sentinel animals had been widely used to monitor the ecological environment and human lead exposure. Among them, the blood lead levels of small mammals, particularly for domestic dogs and cats, had a significant correlation with the blood lead levels of human living in the same environment. It indicated that certain biological indicators in animals can be used as surrogates to monitor human body exposure to heavy metals. This study also explored the challenges and perspectives that may be faced in sentinel animal research, in order to provide a certain theoretical basis and train of thought guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road 30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - SuZhen Cao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road 30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dongsen Wen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road 30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yishuo Geng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road 30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoli Duan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road 30, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Fraga NS, Martins AS, Bianchini A, Faust DR, Sakai H, da Silva CC, Aguirre AA. Pantropical distribution of zinc in green turtles (Chelonia mydas): marine vertebrates as sentiel species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:50509-50519. [PMID: 36795213 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25771-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollution is one of the biggest threats to marine life and trace elements are among the most toxic pollutants in this environment. Zn is an essential trace element for biota but becomes toxic at high concentrations. Sea turtles are good bioindicators of trace element pollution, due to their longevity and cosmopolitan distribution that allow bioaccumulation for years in their tissues. Determining and comparing Zn concentrations in sea turtles from faraway places is relevant for conservation due to the lack of knowledge of geographically broader distribution patterns of Zn in vertebrates. In this study, comparative analyses of bioaccumulation in the liver, kidney, and muscles of 35 C. mydas from Brazil, Hawaii, the USA (Texas), Japan, and Australia of statistically equal sizes were performed. Zn was found in all specimens, with the highest levels in the liver and kidneys. Specimens from Australia (30.58 µg g-1), Hawaii (31.91 µg g-1), Japan (29.99 µg g-1), and the USA (33.79 µg g-1) showed statistically equal means in the liver. Kidney levels were the same in Japan (35.09 µg g-1) and the USA (37.29 µg g-1) and the same in Australia (23.06 µg g-1) and Hawaii (23.31 µg/g). Specimens from Brazil had the lowest means in both organs (12.17 µg g-1 in the liver and 9.39 µg g-1 in the kidney). The pattern of equal Zn values for most specimens in the liver is an important finding, demonstrating that there are pantropical patterns in the distribution of this metal even in regions so far from each other. A possible explanation is due to the essential nature of this metal linked to metabolic regulation, in addition to the bioavailability for biological absorption in marine environments, such as RS in Brazil, with a lower standard bioavailability also found in other organisms. Therefore, factors such as metabolic regulation and bioavailability indicate that there is a pantropical distribution of Zn in marine biota and green turtles can be a useful model as a sentinel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairana Santos Fraga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 414, Vitória, Espírito Santo, 29075-910, Brazil.
| | - Agnaldo Silva Martins
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Universidade Federal Do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Derek R Faust
- Environmental Sciences and Technology Program, Clover Park Technical College, 4500 Steilacoom Blvd. SW, Lakewood, WA, 98499, USA
| | - Haruya Sakai
- Health Effects Research, Environment Research Division, Japan Automobile Research Institute, 2530 Karima, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0082, Japan
| | - Cinthia Carneiro da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas - Fisiologia Animal Comparada (PPGCF - FAC), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - A Alonso Aguirre
- Warner College of Natural Resources, Michael Smith Natural Resources Building, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, 80523, CO, USA
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9
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Escobedo Mondragón M, Pérez Luzardo O, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Rodríguez-Hernández Á, Zumbado M, Rosiles Martínez JR, González Farias F, Suzán G, González-Rebeles Islas C. Trophic behavior of inorganic elements in nesting sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, Eretmochelys imbricata, and Caretta caretta) in Quintana Roo: Biomagnification and biodilution effect in blood and scute tissues. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114582. [PMID: 36634539 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The biomagnification and biodilution of inorganic pollutants, have a close correlation on the structure and function of trophic change behavior; sea turtles represent an excellent bioindicator model to identify their impact in marine ecosystems. To understand pollution effects on marine ecosystems, we quantified the bioconcentration of 50 inorganic elements in the blood and scute tissues of three nesting species of sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, Eretmochelys imbricata and Caretta caretta), collected in Quintana Roo State from July 2017 to August 2018. As a general trend, essential mineral elements with toxic potential showed the highest concentrations in both tissues; significant increase concentration of arsenic, mercury, and cerium levels was observed with increasing trophic levels indicating its biomagnification while a significant decrease in manganese and bismuth showed a biodilution effect. We expect that our findings can be used as baseline data in future biomonitoring and contamination risk assessment programs in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Escobedo Mondragón
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Octavio Pérez Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe s/n, 35016 Las Palmas, Spain
| | - J René Rosiles Martínez
- Laboratorio de Toxicología, Departamento de Nutrición Animal y Bromatología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Fernando González Farias
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cto. Exterior s/n, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Suzán
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
| | - Carlos González-Rebeles Islas
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, C.U., Coyoacán, 04510 CDMX, Mexico
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10
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Çelik S, Beton D, Çiçek BA, Snape RTE, Başkale E. Metal accumulation in juvenile and sub-adult loggerhead and green turtles in northern Cyprus. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120482. [PMID: 36279995 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles are considered pollution bioindicators due to their tendency to accumulate high metal levels in their tissues during their long lifespans. In this context, we aimed to analyse the concentrations of 12 elements in liver, kidney, heart and muscle samples from green turtles (Chelonia mydas; n = 41) and loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta; n = 14) found stranded in Northern Cyprus. The samples were collected between 2019 and 2021, stored in sterile Eppendorf tubes at -20 °C until metal analysis, and analysed with an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. With this study, we contribute to the limited number of studies on metal accumulation in heart tissue and present the first data for Mg accumulation in the heart, liver, muscle and kidney tissues of both species. We found that metal accumulation levels differed among the two study species' tissues, with some elements in the same tissue (AlKidney, AsHeart, AsLiver, FeMuscle, FeKidney, FeHeart, MnHeart, PbHeart, ZnMuscle and ZnKidney) significantly differing between species. The observed variation likely resulted from their different feeding habits, which cause them to be exposed to different levels of metals. We also found significant associations among elements within tissues, as well as between the same element across different tissues in both species, which may indicate the differential accumulation of elements among organs due to physiological processes in turtle metabolism, bioaccumulation or excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sude Çelik
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Damla Beton
- Society for the Protection of Turtles, Gonyeli, Cyprus
| | - Burak Ali Çiçek
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, 99628, Famagusta, north Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey; Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Underwater Research and Imaging Center (URIC), 99628, Famagusta, north Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Robin T E Snape
- Society for the Protection of Turtles, Gonyeli, Cyprus; Marine Turtle Research Group, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Eyup Başkale
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Denizli, Turkey.
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11
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Moradi E, Ghafari H, Ghorbani F. Heavy metal concentrations in Caspian pond turtle (Mauremys caspica) in Zarivar International Wetland, Kurdistan Province of Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89691-89697. [PMID: 35859237 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the cadmium, lead, and zinc levels in the blood and shell of Caspian pond turtles (Mauremys caspica) were investigated at five stations in Zarivar International Wetland in Kurdistan Province. All specimens were released at their capture locations within 2 h of capture. Water samples were collected at each station. Heavy metal concentrations were determined using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean cadmium, lead, and zinc concentrations were 0.04, 32.10, and 11.45 mg/l in blood samples; 1.82, 16.91, and 89.22 mg/l in shell samples; 0.005, 1.30, and 0.07 mg/l in water samples, respectively. In this study, the highest metal adsorption was zinc and was observed in shell. According to the results of this study, the shell of the Caspian Pond Turtle can be used to estimate the concentration of heavy metals. Our results suggest that Caspian pond turtle can be used as a biological indicator to estimate heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Moradi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Hanyeh Ghafari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran.
- Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Farshid Ghorbani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
- Department of Zrebar Lake Environmental Research, Kurdistan Studies Institute, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
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12
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Zavala-Félix KA, Reyes-López MA, Camacho-Sánchez FY, Acosta-Sánchez HH, Hart CE, Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Leal-Sepúlveda V, Leal-Moreno R, Espinoza-Romo BA, Aguirre AA, Ley-Quiñónez CP. Trace elements concentration in blood of nesting Kemp's Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) at Rancho Nuevo sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269346. [PMID: 36322564 PMCID: PMC9629633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentrations of trace elements including As, Zn, Cu, Se, Pb, Hg and Cd, were determined in the blood of nesting Kemp’s ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) at Rancho Nuevo sanctuary, Tamaulipas, Mexico during 2018–2020. The sequential concentrations analyzed were Zn> Se> Cu> As> Pb; while Cd and Hg concentrations were below the limits of detection (0.01 μg g-1). No significant differences were observed between the concentrations of trace elements (p> 0.05) by year, except Se levels, possibly resulting from recorded seasonal differences in turtle size. No relationships among turtle size vs elements concentration were observed. In conclusion, essential and toxic trace elements concentrations in the blood of nesting Kemp’s ridley turtles may be a reflex of the ecosystem in which the turtles develop, that is, with low bioavailability of elements observed in the trophic webs in the Gulf of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Alan Zavala-Félix
- Laboratory Vida Silvestre, CIIDIR Sinaloa- Department Medio Ambiente, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Miguel Angel Reyes-López
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica-Conservation Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Fátima Yedith Camacho-Sánchez
- Centro de Biotecnología Genómica-Conservation Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico
| | - Héctor Hugo Acosta-Sánchez
- Programa de Conservación de Tortugas Marinas en el Santuario Playa de Rancho Nuevo, Terra Asesoría Ambiental S.C., Ciudad Victoria, Mexico
| | - Catherine E. Hart
- Investigación, Capacitación y Soluciones Ambientales y Sociales AC, Tepic, Nayarit, México
| | - Alan A. Zavala-Norzagaray
- Laboratory Vida Silvestre, CIIDIR Sinaloa- Department Medio Ambiente, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Valeria Leal-Sepúlveda
- Laboratory Vida Silvestre, CIIDIR Sinaloa- Department Medio Ambiente, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Renato Leal-Moreno
- Laboratory Vida Silvestre, CIIDIR Sinaloa- Department Medio Ambiente, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Brenda Aracely Espinoza-Romo
- Laboratory Vida Silvestre, CIIDIR Sinaloa- Department Medio Ambiente, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - A. Alonso Aguirre
- Warner College of Natural Resources, Michael Smith Natural Resources Building, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - César P. Ley-Quiñónez
- Laboratory Vida Silvestre, CIIDIR Sinaloa- Department Medio Ambiente, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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13
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Dias de Farias DS, Rossi S, da Costa Bomfim A, Lima Fragoso AB, Santos-Neto EB, José de Lima Silva F, Lailson-Brito J, Navoni JA, Gavilan SA, Souza do Amaral V. Bioaccumulation of total mercury, copper, cadmium, silver, and selenium in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) stranded along the Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134331. [PMID: 35339524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles face several threats and pollution has become a major concern for their conservation worldwide. We analyzed samples of the liver, muscles, and kidneys of 38 Chelonia mydas stranded along the Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brazil, between 2015 and 2018 to determine the total Hg concentration (THg), as well as the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Ag, and Se. The relation between turtle size and element concentrations revealed a negative correlation for THg and Se (liver, muscles, and kidneys), Cu and Cd (liver and kidneys) and a positive correlation for Ag in the three organs analyzed. Concentrations of THg, Cu, Ag, and Se were high in the liver, highlighting the Cu concentration (median = 25.1150 μg g-1 w.w.), while the kidneys had the highest Cd levels (median = 12.2200 μg g-1 w.w.). There was significant difference between element concentrations and the three organs analyzed, except for Ag and Se concentrations in the muscle and kidney samples. Our study showed that green turtles found in Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brasil, have bioaccumulated inorganic elements which indicate the need of further investigations on the environmental quality of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solon Dias de Farias
- Programa de Doutorado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - DDMA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Campus Central, CEP 59600-000, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), CEP 59655-000, Areia Branca/Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silmara Rossi
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aline da Costa Bomfim
- Programa de Doutorado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - DDMA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Campus Central, CEP 59600-000, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), CEP 59655-000, Areia Branca/Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Bernadete Lima Fragoso
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Campus Central, CEP 59600-000, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), CEP 59655-000, Areia Branca/Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Elitieri Batista Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio José de Lima Silva
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Campus Central, CEP 59600-000, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), CEP 59655-000, Areia Branca/Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julio Alejandro Navoni
- Programa de Doutorado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - DDMA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Uso Sustentável de Recursos Naturais do Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte/ IFRN, Brazil
| | - Simone Almeida Gavilan
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Campus Central, CEP 59600-000, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), CEP 59655-000, Areia Branca/Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Viviane Souza do Amaral
- Programa de Doutorado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - DDMA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica. Departamento de Biologia e Genética, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, Campus Central, RN, Brazil.
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14
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Altinok-Yipel F, Yipel M, Altuğ N, Özdemir N. Blood concentrations of potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) and correlation with biochemical and hematological parameters in dogs from thrace region, Turkey. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133649. [PMID: 35063565 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to potentially toxic trace elements (PTEs) leads to health problems in animals as well as in humans. Dogs can be used as bioindicators for health status of both environment, animals and humans. The study material consisted of a total of 140 dogs from Thrace region in Turkey. Essential (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn) and non-essential (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Pb) PTEs concentrations of blood samples were determined by ICP-MS. In addition, hemogram (RBC, MCV, MCH, MCHC, HCT, WBC, HGB, PLT) and biochemical parameters (Glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, triglyceride, cholesterol, BUN, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT) levels were determined. The possible correlations between PTEs and blood parameters were investigated. The results were compared according to gender, age (<2, 2-5, >5 years), sampled location with hemogram and biochemistry data. Essential element concentrations (ppb) were sorted as Zn > Fe > Cu > Cr > Co, and non-essentials were As > Ni > Pb > Hg > Cd. There were statistically important negative or positive correlations between elements and hematological (except Fe and Cd), and biochemical parameters (except Ni) (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). It was determined that Pb concentrations (9.34-23.30 ng ml-1) were below the concentrations considered to be toxic in all locations, Cu concentrations (475.35-521.98 ng ml-1) were within the normal reference range, Zn (3229.65-4.265.00 ng ml-1) were higher than the reference values in all locations. Since the concentrations of elements and correlations between hematological, biochemical parameters as well as gender, age, and location in an area with heavy urban and industrial activity; indicate that the situation may be similar for other living things in the region, it constitutes a starting point for studies to be carried out in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulya Altinok-Yipel
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Samandağ Vocational School, Department of Veterinary Science, Hatay, 31060, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Yipel
- Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 31060, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Nuri Altuğ
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Özdemir
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 59030, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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15
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Morão IFC, Lemos MFL, Félix R, Vieira S, Barata C, Novais SC. Stress response markers in the blood of São Tomé green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and their relation with accumulated metal levels. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 293:118490. [PMID: 34780755 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metals are persistent worldwide being harmful for diverse organisms and having complex and combined effects with other contaminants in the environment. Sea turtles accumulate these contaminants being considered good bioindicator species for marine pollution. However, very little is known on how this is affecting these charismatic animals. São Tomé and Príncipe archipelago harbours important green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) nesting and feeding grounds. The main goal of this study was to determine metal and metalloid accumulation in the blood of females C. mydas nesting in São Tomé Island, and evaluate the possible impacts of this contamination by addressing molecular stress responses. Gene expression analysis was performed in blood targeting genes involved in detoxification/sequestration and metal transport (mt, mtf and fer), and in antioxidant and oxidative stress responses (cat, sod, gr, tdx, txrd, selp and gclc). Micronuclei analysis in blood was also addressed as a biomarker of genotoxicity. Present results showed significant correlations between different gene expressions with the metals evaluated. The best GLM models and significant relationships were found for mt expression, for which 78% of the variability was attributed to metal levels (Al, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn), followed by micronuclei count (65% - Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn and Zn), tdx expression (52% - Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb and Se), and cat expression (52% - As, Fe, Se and Cd x Hg). Overall, this study demonstrates that these green sea turtles are trying to adapt to the oxidative stress and damage produced by metals through the increased expression of antioxidants and other protectors, which raises concerns about the impacts on these endangered organisms' fitness. Furthermore, promising biomarker candidates associated to metal stress were identified in this species that may be used in future biomonitoring studies using C. mydas' blood, allowing for a temporal follow-up of the organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês F C Morão
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
| | - Marco F L Lemos
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
| | - Sara Vieira
- Associação Programa Tatô, Avenida Marginal 12 de Julho, Cidade de São Tomé, São Tomé e Príncipe, Portugal
| | - Carlos Barata
- Environmental Chemistry Department, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal.
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16
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Finlayson KA, Leusch FDL, Villa CA, Limpus CJ, van de Merwe JP. Combining analytical and in vitro techniques for comprehensive assessments of chemical exposure and effect in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129752. [PMID: 33529958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtle populations foraging in coastal areas adjacent to human activity can be exposed to numerous chemical contaminants for long periods of time. For trace elements, well-developed, sensitive and inexpensive analytical techniques remain the most effective method for assessing exposure in sea turtles. However, there are many thousands more organic contaminants present in sea turtles, often at low levels as complex mixtures. Recently developed species-specific in vitro bioassays provide an effective means to identify the presence, and effect of, organic chemicals in sea turtles. This study used a combination of chemical analysis and effects-based bioassays to provide complementary information on chemical exposure and effects for three green turtle foraging populations (Chelonia mydas) in southern Queensland, Australia. Blood was collected from foraging sub-adult green turtles captured in Moreton Bay, Hervey Bay, and Port Curtis. Twenty-six trace elements were measured in whole blood using ICP-MS. Organic contaminants in turtle blood were extracted via QuEChERS and applied to primary green turtle skin fibroblast cell in vitro assays for two toxicity endpoints; cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. The trace element analysis and bioassay results indicated site-specific differences between foraging populations. In particular, turtles from Moreton Bay, a heavily populated coastal embayment, had pronounced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress from organic blood extracts, and elevated concentrations of Cs, Ag, and Zn relative to the other sites. Incorporating traditional chemical analysis with novel effects-based methods can provide a comprehensive assessment of chemical risk in sea turtle populations, contributing to the conservation and management of these threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Cesar A Villa
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colin J Limpus
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P van de Merwe
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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17
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Olimón-Andalón V, Valdés-Flores J, Ley-Quiñonez CP, Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Aguirre AA, León-Sicairos N, Velázquez-Román J, Flores-Villaseñor H, Acosta-Smith E, Sosa-Cornejo I, Valdez-Flores M, Hart CE, Canizalez-Román A. Essential and trace metals in a post-nesting olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) in Ceuta beach, Sinaloa, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:29998-30006. [PMID: 33576959 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals have been found in sea turtle blood and tissues and may represent a threat to these endangered species. Essential trace metal (Cu, Zn Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) concentrations were determined in blood of adult female, post-nesting olive ridley turtles Lepidochelys olivacea (n = 35) on Ceuta beach, Sinaloa, Mexico. Essential metals (Zn and Cu) analyzed were found in higher concentrations than toxic metals (Cd and Pb), while As and Hg concentrations were below the limits of detection (0.01 μg g-1). Low Pb concentrations (0.09 μg g-1) were previously observed in sea turtles in the Gulf of California. There were no significant correlations found between curved carapace length (61.00-71.00 ± 2.29) vs metal concentrations (p > 0.05). Cd levels were relatively high when compared to other species and populations of sea turtles worldwide and Cd may represent the greatest risk for sea turtles in the Mexican Pacific. Such concentrations of Cd may pose a further risk to sea turtles through bioaccumulation from the nesting female to offspring which may affect embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Olimón-Andalón
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jorge Valdés-Flores
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Cesar Paul Ley-Quiñonez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-SINALOA, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Investigación, Capacitación y Soluciones Ambientales y Sociales A.C. (ICSAS), 63160, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Alan A Zavala-Norzagaray
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-SINALOA, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Investigación, Capacitación y Soluciones Ambientales y Sociales A.C. (ICSAS), 63160, Tepic, Mexico
| | - A Alonso Aguirre
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- CIASaP, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80246, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Jorge Velázquez-Román
- CIASaP, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80246, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Hector Flores-Villaseñor
- CIASaP, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80246, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Secretariat of Health, The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, 80020, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erika Acosta-Smith
- CIASaP, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80246, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Igmar Sosa-Cornejo
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Marco Valdez-Flores
- CIASaP, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80246, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Catherine Edwina Hart
- Investigación, Capacitación y Soluciones Ambientales y Sociales A.C. (ICSAS), 63160, Tepic, Mexico
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Román
- CIASaP, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, 80246, Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico.
- Secretariat of Health, The Women's Hospital, 80127, Culiacan, Mexico.
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Hernández-Fernández J, Pinzón-Velasco A, López EA, Rodríguez-Becerra P, Mariño-Ramírez L. Transcriptional Analyses of Acute Exposure to Methylmercury on Erythrocytes of Loggerhead Sea Turtle. TOXICS 2021; 9:70. [PMID: 33805397 PMCID: PMC8066450 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To understand changes in enzyme activity and gene expression as biomarkers of exposure to methylmercury, we exposed loggerhead turtle erythrocytes (RBCs) to concentrations of 0, 1, and 5 mg L-1 of MeHg and de novo transcriptome were assembled using RNA-seq. The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated that 79 unique genes were dysregulated (39 upregulated and 44 downregulated genes). The results showed that MeHg altered gene expression patterns as a response to the cellular stress produced, reflected in cell cycle regulation, lysosomal activity, autophagy, calcium regulation, mitochondrial regulation, apoptosis, and regulation of transcription and translation. The analysis of DEGs showed a low response of the antioxidant machinery to MeHg, evidenced by the fact that genes of early response to oxidative stress were not dysregulated. The RBCs maintained a constitutive expression of proteins that represented a good part of the defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Hernández-Fernández
- Department of Natural and Environmental Science, Marine Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Genetics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatic Research Group–GENBIMOL, Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, Cra. 4 No 22-61, Bogotá 110311, Colombia;
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Calle 45, Cra. 7, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Andrés Pinzón-Velasco
- Bioinformática y Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 45, Cra. 30, Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Ellie Anne López
- IDEASA Research Group-Environment and Sustainability, Institute of Environmental Studies and Services, Sergio Arboleda University, Bogotá 111711, Colombia;
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Becerra
- Department of Natural and Environmental Science, Marine Biology Program, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Genetics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatic Research Group–GENBIMOL, Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, Cra. 4 No 22-61, Bogotá 110311, Colombia;
| | - Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
- NCBI, NLM, NIH Computational Biology Branch, Building 38A, Room 6S614M 8600 Rockville Pike, MSC 6075, Bethesda, MD 20894-6075, USA;
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Dong A, Huo J, Yan J, Dong A, Liu B. Lipid peroxidation of kidney of the turtle Mauremys reevesii caused by cadmium. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6811-6817. [PMID: 33011946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research was designed to investigate lipid peroxidation of the kidney of turtle (Mauremys reevesii) caused by cadmium. Turtles were injected intraperitoneally with cadmium at the concentration of 0 (control), 7.5, 15, and 30 mg/kg, and 5 turtles were taken from each group after exposure for 1 week (1 w), 2 weeks (2 w), and 3 weeks (3 w). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as glutathione (GSH) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) contents in the homogenate of kidney tissue were analyzed. The results demonstrated that a short time of low dose of cadmium could stimulate the increase of SOD activity in the kidney of turtles, but a long time of high dose of cadmium could induce the decrease of SOD activity in the kidney of turtles. Cadmium could decrease CAT activity and GSH content in turtle kidney, but increased MDA content in turtle kidney. There were some other effects on the turtles, such as depression and diarrhea. The experimental results indicate that cadmium causes temporary oxidative stress on the kidney of turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Dong
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Junfeng Huo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Juanjuan Yan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ailing Dong
- Bureau of agriculture and rural affairs of Qianan, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Biwang Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
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20
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Osuna-Martínez CC, Armienta MA, Bergés-Tiznado ME, Páez-Osuna F. Arsenic in waters, soils, sediments, and biota from Mexico: An environmental review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142062. [PMID: 33207489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed over 226 studies dealing with arsenic (As) in water bodies (124 sites or regions; 5,834 samples), soils (44; 2,700), sediments (56; 765), rocks (6; 85), mine waste (25; 582), continental plants (17 (77 species); 571), continental animals (10 (32 species); 3,525) and aquatic organisms (27 (100 species) 2,417) in Mexico. In general, higher As concentrations were associated with specific regions in the states of Hidalgo (21 sites), San Luis Potosi (SLP) (19), Baja California Sur (15), Zacatecas (5), and Morelos (4). High As levels have been detected in drinking water in certain locations of Coahuila (up to 435 μg L-1) and Sonora (up to 1004 μg L-1); in continental surficial water in Puebla (up to 780 μg L-1) and Matehuala, SLP (up to 8684 μg L-1); in groundwater in SLP (up to 16,000 μg L-1) and Morelia, Michoacán (up to 1506,000 μg L-1); in soils in Matehuala, SLP (up to 27,945 μg g-1) and the Xichú mining area, Guanajuato (up to 62,302 μg g-1); and in sediments in Zimapán, Hidalgo (up to 11,810 μg g-1) and Matehuala, SLP (up to 28,600 μg g-1). In contaminated arid and semi-arid areas, the plants P. laevigata and A. farnesiana exhibit the highest As levels. These findings emphasize the human and environmental risks associated with the presence of As in such regions. A synthesis of the available techniques for the removal of As in water and the remediation technologies for As contaminated soils and sediments is given. The As occurrence, origin (geogenic, thermal, mining and anthropogenic) and evolution in specific regions is summarized. Also, the mobilization and mechanisms to explain the As variability in continental environments are concisely given. For future research, a stratified regional sampling is proposed which prioritizes critical sites for waters, soils and sediments, and biota, considering the subpopulation of foods from agriculture, livestock, and seafood. It is concluded that more detailed and comprehensive studies concerning pollution levels, as well as As trends, transfer, speciation, and toxic effects are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cristina Osuna-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n Col. Centro, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - María Aurora Armienta
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, 04360 México, D.F., Mexico; Member of El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, P.O. Box 811, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico; Member of El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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21
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Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Erythrocytes of Captive Pre-Juvenile Loggerhead Turtles Following Acute Exposure to Methylmercury. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the use of erythrocytes (RBCs) of loggerhead turtles as in vitro models for evaluating their toxicity to methylmercury. Blood samples of loggerhead turtles that were born in the Colombian Caribbean were used. The LC50 of RBCs to methylmercury was determined at 96 h using methylmercury concentrations of 0.5–100 mg L−1. Next, the viability of the RBCs and the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde (MDA) at 6 and 12 h of exposure to acute concentrations of 0, 1, and 5 mg L−1 were evaluated. The LC50 for loggerhead turtle RBCs was 8.32 mg L−1. The cell viability bioassay of RBCs exposed for 12 h only showed 100% cell viability. Increasing in vitro MeHg concentrations caused a corresponding increase in MDA concentration as well as decreases in the activities of SOD and GST. The RBCs represent an excellent model for ecotoxicological studies and SOD, GST, and MDA are biomarkers of environmental pollution and oxidative stress in loggerhead turtles. This was the first study conducted on loggerhead turtle where the response of RBCs to MeHg-induced oxidative stress is evaluated.
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22
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Guzman HM, Kaiser S, van Hinsberg VJ. Accumulation of trace elements in leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) eggs from the south-western Caribbean indicates potential health risks to consumers. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 243:125424. [PMID: 31995877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trace metal and metalloid levels were measured in eggs of the NW Atlantic leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) from nesting grounds in the Bocas del Toro province, Panama, to infer exposure and associated risks to local communities. Samples were analyzed for a set of 26 essential and non-essential elements using inductively coupled plasma techniques. Median concentrations of Fe, Zn, As, Se and Sr in D. coriacea eggs were higher than previously reported for this species, which likely reflects differential contamination levels of specimens during foraging. The evaluation of non-carcinogenic human health risks from ingesting leatherback eggs has revealed potential deleterious effects due to high concentrations of As, Se and Sr for all examined age and gender groups, while Hg and Zn levels were above international standards for children. Hazard index (HI) values exceeded unity in all cases indicating serious health impacts related to possible additive effects of multiple metals co-occurring in the eggs. Our findings suggest that exposure to high (inorganic) As and Cr(VI) levels is associated with an increased carcinogenic risk, significantly exceeding the acceptable lifetime risk of 10-6 for both adults and children. Despite some limitations, such as unclear As and Cr speciation, our results demonstrated that the ingestion of D. coriacea eggs poses considerable health risks to local communities, and their consumption should not exceed 3.4 × 10-4 g (5.0 × 10-6 eggs) kg BW d-1. Resource managers and conservationists should focus their attention to human health effects as an alternative tool to address egg poaching and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector M Guzman
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, P O. Box 2072, Balboa, Panama
| | - Stefanie Kaiser
- Center of Natural History, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Vincent J van Hinsberg
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450 University St., Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0E8, Canada
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23
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Di Marzio A, Lambertucci SA, Fernandez AJG, Martínez-López E. From Mexico to the Beagle Channel: A review of metal and metalloid pollution studies on wildlife species in Latin America. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108462. [PMID: 31228806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of metals and metalloids (Hg; Cd; Cr; Cu; Pb; Ni; Zn; Fe; Mn; As; Se) generated by natural (e.g., geothermal activity) or anthropic causes (eg., industry or mining) represent a worldwide contamination problem, especially in developing countries. Exposure to high concentrations of these elements is harmful to living beings, including humans. Information on this type of contamination is scarce and fragmented, limiting research which could benefit from these data. To know the state of the research, we reviewed the studies of environmental pollution by metals and metalloids carried out on animal species in Latin America. The use of animals as biomonitors of contamination by metals and metalloids is a continuously expanding practice that allows for early detection of problems. With this work, we were able to identify the most studied areas in Latin America (Amazon, Gulf of California, coastal area between Rio de Janeiro and Florianopolis and River Plate Estuary). Moreover, we provide information on the most studied metals (Hg, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) and wild species, which evidence the use of endangered species. The data reviewed should help researchers to direct their efforts towards sparsely researched areas and facilitate bibliographic consultation of scientific information on exposure to metals and metalloids in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Marzio
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - S A Lambertucci
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de La Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional Del Comahue), Bariloche, Argentina
| | - A J Garcia Fernandez
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - E Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Toxicology and Risk Assessment Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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24
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Reséndiz E, Lara-Uc MM. Health Assessments in Free-Ranging Sea Turtles: Perspective of Animal Welfare in Wildlife. Anim Welf 2018. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.76111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Cortés-Gómez AA, Tvarijonaviciute A, Teles M, Cuenca R, Fuentes-Mascorro G, Romero D. p-Nitrophenyl Acetate Esterase Activity and Cortisol as Biomarkers of Metal Pollution in Blood of Olive Ridley Turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 75:25-36. [PMID: 29043390 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the concentrations of p-nitrophenyl acetate esterase activity (EA) and cortisol in serum of marine Olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) from a Mexican Pacific population ("La Escobilla" beach) and to evaluate the possible relationship of inorganic elements with these biomarkers. EA, cortisol, and selected chemical elements (Cd, Pb, Ti, Sr, Se, Al, As, and Zn) were measured in the blood of 44 sea turtles from the Eastern Pacific (Southeast Mexico). Serum EA ranged from 0.4 to 3.9 UI mL-1, and cortisol concentrations ranged from 0.07 to 2.5 μL dL-1. A strong negative correlation between EA and cortisol was observed (r = - 0.59, p < 0.01), and significant correlations also were found between EA and important metals, such as Cd (r = - 0.31, p < 0.05) and Pb (r = - 0.27, p < 0.05), and elements of growing concern like Ti (r = - 0.37, p < 0.01) or Al (r = - 0.34, p < 0.05) and between cortisol and Sr (r = 0.29, p < 0.05), Se (r = - 0.38, p < 0.01), and As (r = - 0.26, p < 0.05). These results suggest that turtles chronically exposed to different inorganic elements (such as Pb and Cd), driving to a highly consume of esterase and to a prolonged cortisol elevation. The obtained results indicate the usefulness of these biomarkers in the assessment of inorganic elements pollution in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Cortés-Gómez
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia Animals, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus d'excel·lència "UAB-CEI", Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Teles
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus d'excel·lència "UAB-CEI", Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Rafaela Cuenca
- Servei d'Hematologia Clínica Veterinària (SHCV) - Veterinary Clinical Hematology Service, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Fuentes-Mascorro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Reproducción Animal (LIRA), Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain.
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26
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Monzón-Argüello C, Cardona L, Calabuig P, Camacho M, Crespo-Picazo JL, García-Párraga D, Mayans S, Luzardo OP, Orós J, Varo-Cruz N. Supplemental feeding and other anthropogenic threats to green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in the Canary Islands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:1000-1011. [PMID: 29066195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Green turtles are found in the waters of the Canary Islands but little is known about the ecology and anthropogenic pressures that threaten them. Our results have revealed that juvenile green turtles, ranging in curve carapace length from 26.9-81.0cm, are regularly found in the archipelago and originate from rookeries in both the eastern and western Atlantic. Photo-identification and satellite tracking showed high levels of site fidelity to coastal foraging grounds associated with seagrass meadows, but stable isotope analysis indicated animal-based omnivorous diets after settlement on the continental shelf, with no increase in the consumption of macrophytes as the turtles grew. Most turtles exhibited high levels of some blood biochemical markers associated with a high consumption of proteins and fat. In addition, we determined levels of some organic and inorganic pollutants. Supplemental feeding may also contribute to explain the high prevalence of hooking and boat strikes in the green turtles brought to wildlife rescue centers as compared with loggerhead turtles. Regulatory measures and surveillance should be urgently implemented in order to improve the status of the species in the archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Monzón-Argüello
- EcoAqua University Institute, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Ctra. de Taliarte, s/n, 35200 Telde, Las Palmas, Spain; Asociación para el Desarrollo Sostenible y Conservación de la Biodiversidad, C/Blas de Lezo 55, 1° G, 35118 Agüimes, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Luis Cardona
- IRBio and Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pascual Calabuig
- Tafira Wildlife Rescue Center, Ctra. del Centro km 7, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - María Camacho
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - José Luis Crespo-Picazo
- Veterinary Services, Fundación Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de Las Artes y las Ciencias, C/ Eduardo primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Veterinary Services, Fundación Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de Las Artes y las Ciencias, C/ Eduardo primo Yúfera 1B, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Mayans
- La Tahonilla Wildlife Rescue Center, C/Las Macetas s/n, 38108 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Spain
| | - Jorge Orós
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Nuria Varo-Cruz
- Asociación para el Desarrollo Sostenible y Conservación de la Biodiversidad, C/Blas de Lezo 55, 1° G, 35118 Agüimes, Las Palmas, Spain
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Tsukano K, Suzuki K, Noda J, Yanagisawa M, Kameda K, Sera K, Nishi Y, Shimamori T, Morimoto Y, Yokota H, Asakawa M. Plasma lead, silicon and titanium concentrations are considerably higher in green sea turtle from the suburban coast than in those from the rural coast in Okinawa, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:2043-2047. [PMID: 29070764 PMCID: PMC5745188 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the concentration of trace elements in the
plasma of sea turtles that inhabited the suburban (Okinawa Main Island, n=8) and the rural
coast (Yaeyama Island, n=57) in Okinawa, Japan. Particle induced X-ray emission allowed
detection of 20 trace and major elements. The wild sea turtles in the suburban coast in
Okinawa were found to have high concentrations of Pb, Si and Ti in the plasma when
compared to the rural area but there were no significant changes in the Al, As and Hg
concentrations. These results may help to suggest the status of some elements in a marine
environment. Further, monitoring the plasma trace and major element status in sea turtles
can be used as a bio-monitoring approach by which specific types of elements found here
could indicate effects that are related to human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tsukano
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Suzuki
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Noda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Makio Yanagisawa
- Ocean Expo Research Center, 888 Ishikawa, Motobu-cho, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 905-0206, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kameda
- Kuroshima Research Station, Sea Turtle Association of Japan, 136 Kuroshima, Taketomi, Yaeyama District, Okinawa 907-1311, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sera
- Cyclotron Research Center, Iwate Medical University, Tomegamori, Takizawa, Iwate 020-0173, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Nishi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Toshio Shimamori
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Morimoto
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokota
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Asakawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Bunkyodai-Midorimachi, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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28
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Yipel M, Tekeli İO, İşler CT, Altuğ ME. Heavy metal distribution in blood, liver and kidneys of Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 125:487-491. [PMID: 28802660 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the concentrations of the most investigated environmentally relevant heavy metals in two highly endangered sea turtle species (Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas) from the important nesting area on the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. The highest mean concentration was of Fe, while Hg and Pb were lowest. All tissue concentrations of Al, As, Fe and Mn were significantly different between the species. In particular, As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Se, Zn concentrations were lower in Caretta caretta and Cd, Hg, Mn, Zn concentrations were lower in Chelonia mydas than those reported in other parts of the world. Compared to studies conductud in other parts of the Mediterranean, Cd was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Yipel
- Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 59030 Tekirdağ, Turkey.
| | - İbrahim Ozan Tekeli
- Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 31060, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Cafer Tayer İşler
- Mustafa Kemal University, Sea Turtle First Aid, Treatment, Recovery, Application and Research Center, 31060, Hatay, Turkey; Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, 31060, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Enes Altuğ
- Mustafa Kemal University, Sea Turtle First Aid, Treatment, Recovery, Application and Research Center, 31060, Hatay, Turkey; Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, 31060, Hatay, Turkey
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Perrault JR, Stacy NI, Lehner AF, Poor SK, Buchweitz JP, Walsh CJ. Toxic elements and associations with hematology, plasma biochemistry, and protein electrophoresis in nesting loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from Casey Key, Florida. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1398-1411. [PMID: 28939125 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Toxic elements (arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, selenium, thallium) are a group of contaminants that are known to elicit developmental, reproductive, general health, and immune system effects in reptiles, even at low concentrations. Reptiles, including marine turtles, are susceptible to accumulation of toxic elements due to their long life span, low metabolic rate, and highly efficient conversion of prey into biomass. The objectives of this study were to (1) document concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, selenium, and thallium in whole blood and keratin from nesting loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from Casey Key, Florida and document correlations thereof and (2) correlate whole blood toxic element concentrations to various hematological and plasma biochemistry analytes. Baselines for various hematological and plasma analytes and toxic elements in whole blood and keratin (i.e., scute) in nesting loggerheads are documented. Various correlations between the toxic elements and hematological and plasma biochemistry analytes were identified; however, the most intriguing were negative correlations between arsenic, cadmium, lead, and selenium with and α- and γ-globulins. Although various extrinsic and intrinsic variables such as dietary and feeding changes in nesting loggerheads need to be considered, this finding may suggest a link to altered humoral immunity. This study documents a suite of health variables of nesting loggerheads in correlation to contaminants and identifies the potential of toxic elements to impact the overall health of nesting turtles, thus presenting important implications for the conservation and management of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R Perrault
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA.
| | - Nicole I Stacy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, PO Box 100136, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Andreas F Lehner
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA.
| | - Savannah K Poor
- University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
| | - John P Buchweitz
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, Michigan State University, 4125 Beaumont Road, Lansing, MI 48910, USA.
| | - Catherine J Walsh
- Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA.
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Huo J, Dong A, Wang Y, Lee S, Ma C, Wang L. Cadmium induces histopathological injuries and ultrastructural changes in the liver of freshwater turtle (Chinemys reevesii). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 186:459-465. [PMID: 28806674 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the histopathological and ultrastructural lesions of liver of freshwater turtle Chinemys reevesii exposed to Cadmium (Cd). The animals were exposed to 0 mg kg-1 (0.85% normal saline (NS)), 7.5 mg kg-1, 15 mg kg-1, 30 mg kg-1 Cd chloride separately by intraperitoneal injection. Liver samples were collected for examination of lesions under light and electronic microscopes. Results showed that liver tissues from Cd -treated animals presented various degrees of histopathological lesions. Liver cells showed swollen, degeneration and necrosis with dose-dependent manner. Under electronic microscope, nucleus, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum presented various degrees of lesions with dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, Cd has significant toxicity on liver tissue of the freshwater turtle, which occurs in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Huo
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Aiguo Dong
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Shaochin Lee
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Cungen Ma
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China; Institute of Brain Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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31
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Adel M, Cortés-Gómez AA, Dadar M, Riyahi H, Girondot M. A comparative study of inorganic elements in the blood of male and female Caspian pond turtles (Mauremys caspica) from the southern basin of the Caspian Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:24965-24979. [PMID: 28918536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to their bioaccumulation and biomagnification pathways, inorganic elements can accumulate in high-level aquatic organisms in the food web. Then, this species can be used to monitor the quality of the environment. Blood concentration of nine inorganic elements, including possible toxic metals (An, Cu, Mn, Se, As, Ni, Cd, Pb, and Hg), in 20 males and 20 females from eight different locations with high industry and agriculture activities in Iran were evaluated in this work. Additionally, size, sex, condition index, and locations were also included and analyzed. Among the essential elements, Zn and Se presented very high concentrations (56.14 ± 2.66 and 8.44 ± 0.77 μg/g ww, respectively) in all locations. Regarding possible toxic elements, Pb and Cd presented concerning concentrations as well (0.52 and 0.58 μg/g ww); this is especially true for Pb, an element found in very high concentrations in tissues of turtles from the same area in a previous study. The sex and the size of the individuals also had significant differences in concentration of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Adel
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agriculture Research Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Adriana A Cortés-Gómez
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079, Université Paris Sud, CNRS et AgroParisTech, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hossein Riyahi
- DVM Graduated, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Marc Girondot
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, UMR 8079, Université Paris Sud, CNRS et AgroParisTech, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
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Cortés-Gómez AA, Romero D, Girondot M. The current situation of inorganic elements in marine turtles: A general review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 229:567-585. [PMID: 28688307 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic elements (Pb, Cd, Hg, Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn) are present globally in aquatic systems and their potential transfer to marine turtles can be a serious threat to their health status. The environmental fate of these contaminants may be traced by the analysis of turtle tissues. Loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) are the most frequently investigated of all the sea turtle species with regards to inorganic elements, followed by Green turtles (Chelonia mydas); all the other species have considerably fewer studies. Literature shows that blood, liver, kidney and muscle are the tissues most frequently used for the quantification of inorganic elements, with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn being the most studied elements. Chelonia mydas showed the highest concentrations of Cr in muscle (4.8 ± 0.12), Cu in liver (37 ± 7) and Mg in kidney (17 μg g-1 ww), Cr and Cu from the Gulf of Mexico and Mg from Japanese coasts; Lepidochelys olivacea presented the highest concentrations of Pb in blood (4.46 5) and Cd in kidney (150 ± 110 μg g-1 ww), both from the Mexican Pacific; Caretta caretta from the Mediterranean Egyptian coast had the highest report of Hg in blood (0.66 ± 0.13 μg g-1 ww); and Eretmochelys imbricata from Japan had the highest concentration of As in muscle (30 ± 13 13 μg g-1 ww). The meta-analysis allows us to examine some features that were not visible when data was analyzed alone. For instance, Leatherbacks show a unique pattern of concentration compared to other species. Additionally, contamination of different tissues shows some tendencies independent of the species with liver and kidney on one side and bone on the other being different from other tissues. This review provides a general perspective on the accumulation and distribution of these inorganic elements alongside existing information for the 7 sea turtle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Cortés-Gómez
- Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique et Évolution, Université Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria. Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum". Universidad de Murcia, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Marc Girondot
- Laboratoire Écologie, Systématique et Évolution, Université Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Li F, Qiu Z, Zhang J, Liu C, Cai Y, Xiao M. Spatial Distribution and Fuzzy Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Surface Water from Honghu Lake. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14091011. [PMID: 28869576 PMCID: PMC5615548 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14091011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that Honghu Lake was polluted by trace elements due to anthropogenic activities. This study investigated the spatial distribution of trace elements in Honghu Lake, and identified the major pollutants and control areas based on the fuzzy health risk assessment at screening level. The mean total content of trace elements in surface water decreased in the order of Zn (18.04 μg/L) > Pb (3.42 μg/L) > Cu (3.09 μg/L) > Cr (1.63 μg/L) > As (0.99 μg/L) > Cd (0.14 μg/L), within limits of Drinking Water Guidelines. The results of fuzzy health risk assessment indicated that there was no obvious non-carcinogenic risk to human health, while carcinogenic risk was observed in descending order of As > Cr > Cd > Pb. As was regarded to have the highest carcinogenic risk among selected trace elements because it generally accounted for 64% of integrated carcinogenic risk. Potential carcinogenic risk of trace elements in each sampling site was approximately at medium risk level (10-5 to 10-4). The areas in the south (S4, S13, and S16) and northeast (S8, S18, and S19) of Honghu Lake were regarded as the risk priority control areas. However, the corresponding maximum memberships of integrated carcinogenic risk in S1, S3, S10-S13, S15, and S18 were of relatively low credibility (50-60%), and may mislead the decision-makers in identifying the risk priority areas. Results of fuzzy assessment presented the subordinate grade and corresponding reliability of risk, and provided more full-scale results for decision-makers, which made up for the deficiency of certainty assessment to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Qiu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Ying Cai
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Minsi Xiao
- Research Center for Environment and Health, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
- School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan 430073, China.
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34
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Ley-Quiñónez CP, Rossi-Lafferriere NA, Espinoza-Carreon TL, Hart CE, Peckham SH, Aguirre AA, Zavala-Norzagaray AA. Associations between trace elements and clinical health parameters in the North Pacific loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) from Baja California Sur, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:9530-9537. [PMID: 28238183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated selected trace elements toxicity in sea turtles Caretta caretta population from Baja California Sur (BCS), Mexico, by analyzing associations among Zn, Se, Cu, As, Cd, Ni, Mn, Pb, and Hg with various biochemical parameters (packed cell volume, leukocytes, and selected blood parameters), and whether their concentrations could have an impact on the health status of sea turtles. Blood samples from 22 loggerhead (C. caretta) sea turtles from BCS, Mexico, were collected for trace elements on biochemistry parameter analyses. Significant associations among trace element levels and the biochemistry parameters were found: Cd vs ALP (R 2 = 0.874, p ˂ 0.001), As vs ALP (R 2 = 0.656, p ˂ 0.001), Mn vs ALP (R 2 = 0.834, p ˂ 0.001), and Ni vs LDH (R 2 = 0.587, p ˂ 0.001). This study is the first report of the biochemical parameters of the North Pacific loggerhead sea turtle (C. caretta) from Baja California Sur, Mexico, and it is the first to observe several associations with toxic and essential trace elements. Our study reinforces the usefulness of blood for the monitoring of the levels of contaminating elements and the results suggest that, based on the associations with health clinical parameters, high levels of Cd and As could be representing a risk to the North Pacific loggerhead population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Paúl Ley-Quiñónez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-SINALOA, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico.
- Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias A.C, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
- Investigación, Capacitación y Soluciones Ambientas y Sociales A.C, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Catherine Edwina Hart
- Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias A.C, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Investigación, Capacitación y Soluciones Ambientas y Sociales A.C, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Sherwood Hoyt Peckham
- SmartFish, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Alfredo Alonso Aguirre
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Alan Alfredo Zavala-Norzagaray
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-SINALOA, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Grupo Tortuguero de las Californias A.C, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
- Investigación, Capacitación y Soluciones Ambientas y Sociales A.C, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
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35
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Adel M, Mohammadmoradi K, Ley-Quiñonez CP. Trace element concentrations in muscle tissue of milk shark, (Rhizoprionodon acutus) from the Persian Gulf. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:5933-5937. [PMID: 28070810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the heavy metals concentrations in muscle samples of milk shark (Rhizoprionodon acutus) from Persian Gulf. The metals distribution was Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Hg. No statistical differences were observed among size or weight by sex (p < 0.05). Metals concentrations in the population de R. acutus from Larak and Lavan islands are homogeneous along the coastal study area. Our study suggest that the results reflect the natural contents of trace metals in this species, and the health risk associated to milk shark consumption in Persian Gulf is relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Adel
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kolsoom Mohammadmoradi
- Food and Cosmetic Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Cesar P Ley-Quiñonez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR-SIN, Blvd. Juan de Dios Batiz Paredes #250, Col. San Joachin, 81101, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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36
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Adel M, Saravi HN, Dadar M, Niyazi L, Ley-Quinonez CP. Mercury, lead, and cadmium in tissues of the Caspian Pond Turtle (Mauremys caspica) from the southern basin of Caspian Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3244-3250. [PMID: 26686855 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5905-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury were measured in different tissues (liver, muscle, and shell) of 60 Caspian Pond Turtles collected from Tajan and Shiroud Rivers, southern basin of the Caspian Sea. Based on the results, different tissues showed different capacities for accumulating trace elements. The general trend of metals accumulation was: liver > shell > muscle. Results also showed that accumulation of these elements was not significantly different between sex and river in turtles (p > 0.05). Based on the results, Hg and Pb concentrations recorded in the present study were higher than some of the maximum concentration permissible. To our knowledge, this is the first report into heavy metal accumulation in tissues and organs of Caspian Pond Turtle from the southern basin of Caspian Sea. Further studies are needed to measure different heavy metals and trace metals in this valuable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Adel
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Iranian Fisheries Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Center of Biotechnology and Biology Research, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Leila Niyazi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
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Rees AF, Alfaro-Shigueto J, Barata PCR, Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, Bourjea J, Broderick AC, Campbell LM, Cardona L, Carreras C, Casale P, Ceriani SA, Dutton PH, Eguchi T, Formia A, Fuentes MMPB, Fuller WJ, Girondot M, Godfrey MH, Hamann M, Hart KM, Hays GC, Hochscheid S, Kaska Y, Jensen MP, Mangel JC, Mortimer JA, Naro-Maciel E, Ng CKY, Nichols WJ, Phillott AD, Reina RD, Revuelta O, Schofield G, Seminoff JA, Shanker K, Tomás J, van de Merwe JP, Van Houtan KS, Vander Zanden HB, Wallace BP, Wedemeyer-Strombel KR, Work TM, Godley BJ. Are we working towards global research priorities for management and conservation of sea turtles? ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Peng L, Huang Y, Zhang J, Peng Y, Lin X, Wu K, Huo X. Cadmium exposure and the risk of breast cancer in Chaoshan population of southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19870-8. [PMID: 26289334 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there is increasing evidence indicating a link between cadmium exposure and human breast cancer. This study was aimed to explore the relationship between blood cadmium burden and the risk of breast cancer in Chaoshan women with no occupational exposure. Blood cadmium levels (BCLs) were determined in whole blood of 186 breast cancer cases and 139 controls. Basic clinical data and information of age, occupation, blood types, family cancer history, and disease history, as well as other demographic characteristics were collected from medical records. BCLs were detected by graphite-furnace atomizer absorption spectrophotometer (GFAAS). BCLs and proportions of BCLs over 3 μg/L between cases and controls were compared. The relationships between BCLs and breast cancer were explored by comparing BCL differences between/among different characteristics of investigated factors. In addition, BCLs within cases were also compared in relation to the disease clinical stages, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stages, and estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Cerb-B2 expressions. The breast cancer patients had a higher median concentration of blood cadmium (2.28, interquartile range 1.57-3.15 μg/L) than the controls (1.77, 1.34-2.57 μg/L; P = 0.001). The proportion of BCLs over 3 μg/L was 2.35 times higher in the breast cancer cases than that of the controls after adjusting for age. Cadmium tends to accumulate in the human body with age and body mass index (BMI) but not associates with type of job, family history, disease history, and other investigated characters. With the increase of clinical stages and T and M stages, the BCLs in the breast cancer cases also increased. BCLs were positively associated with Cerb-B2 expression (r = 0.152, P = 0.038) but not significantly associated with ER and PR expressions. The data obtained show that cadmium concentration is significantly higher in blood of breast cancer patients in comparison to healthy controls. Cadmium seems to be a risk factor of breast cancer, and high cadmium exposure was observed in advanced stages of this disease, which indicates that it may promote the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiteng Huang
- Health Care Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhui Peng
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueqiong Lin
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kusheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, No.22, Xinling Rd, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xia Huo
- Analytical Cytology Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Mattei D, Veschetti E, D'Ilio S, Blasi MF. Mapping elements distribution in carapace of Caretta caretta: A strategy for biomonitoring contamination in sea turtles? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 98:341-348. [PMID: 26072050 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the carapace distribution of Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sb, U, V and Zn by GF-AAS and ICP-AES in one specimen of Caretta caretta from Mediterranean Sea. Calcium, Mg, Mn, Pb, U, Zn were mainly distributed in the central area while Cd, Cr, Cu, Sb, V in lateral areas. Cadmium, Cr, Mg, Mn, Sb, U and V were different between lateral areas. The different distribution may be related to several exposures during lifetime and/or the shell ossification during growth. Carapace may be a suitable matrix for metal biomonitoring, however, further studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mattei
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy.
| | - E Veschetti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - S D'Ilio
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | - M F Blasi
- Filicudi WildLife Conservation, Stimpagnato Filicudi, Messina, Italy
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40
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Bucchia M, Camacho M, Santos MRD, Boada LD, Roncada P, Mateo R, Ortiz-Santaliestra ME, Rodríguez-Estival J, Zumbado M, Orós J, Henríquez-Hernández LA, García-Álvarez N, Luzardo OP. Plasma levels of pollutants are much higher in loggerhead turtle populations from the Adriatic Sea than in those from open waters (Eastern Atlantic Ocean). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 523:161-169. [PMID: 25863507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we determined the levels of 63 environmental contaminants, including organic (PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, and PAHs) and inorganic (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg and Zn) compounds in the blood of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from two comparable populations that inhabit distinct geographic areas: the Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean basin) and the Canary Islands (Eastern Atlantic Ocean). All animals were sampled at the end of a period of rehabilitation in centers of wildlife recovery, before being released back into the wild, so they can be considered to be in good health condition. The dual purpose of this paper is to provide reliable data on the current levels of contamination of this species in these geographic areas, and secondly to compare the results of both populations, as it has been reported that marine biota inhabiting the Mediterranean basin is exposed to much higher pollution levels than that which inhabit in other areas of the planet. According to our results it is found that current levels of contamination by organic compounds are considerably higher in Adriatic turtles than in the Atlantic ones (∑PCBs, 28.45 vs. 1.12ng/ml; ∑OCPs, 1.63 vs. 0.19ng/ml; ∑PAHs, 13.39 vs. 4.91ng/ml; p<0.001 in all cases). This is the first time that levels of PAHs are reported in the Adriatic loggerheads. With respect to inorganic contaminants, although the differences were not as great, the Adriatic turtles appear to have higher levels of some of the most toxic elements such as mercury (5.74 vs. 7.59μg/ml, p<0.01). The results of this study confirm that the concentrations are larger in turtles from the Mediterranean, probably related to the high degree of anthropogenic pressure in this basin, and thus they are more likely to suffer adverse effects related to contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bucchia
- Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Foundation Cetacea, Riccione, Italy; Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - María Camacho
- Laboratory of Applied Chemical Analyses, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Marcelo R D Santos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Vila Velha University, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Luis D Boada
- Laboratory of Applied Chemical Analyses, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Spanish Institute of Game and Wildlife Research (IREC), University of Castilla La Mancha, CSIC, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Rodríguez-Estival
- Spanish Institute of Game and Wildlife Research (IREC), University of Castilla La Mancha, CSIC, Spain
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Laboratory of Applied Chemical Analyses, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jorge Orós
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontana s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Luis A Henríquez-Hernández
- Laboratory of Applied Chemical Analyses, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Natalia García-Álvarez
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontana s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Laboratory of Applied Chemical Analyses, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Allender MC, Dreslik MJ, Patel B, Luber EL, Byrd J, Phillips CA, Scott JW. Select metal and metalloid surveillance of free-ranging Eastern box turtles from Illinois and Tennessee (Terrapene carolina carolina). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:1269-1278. [PMID: 26024619 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) is a primarily terrestrial chelonian distributed across the eastern US. It has been proposed as a biomonitor due to its longevity, small home range, and reliance on the environment to meet its metabolic needs. Plasma samples from 273 free-ranging box turtles from populations in Tennessee and Illinois in 2011 and 2012 were evaluated for presence of heavy metals and to characterize hematologic variables. Lead (Pb), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), and copper (Cu) were detected, while cadmium (Cd) and silver (Ag) were not. There were no differences in any metal detected among age class or sex. However, Cr and Pb were higher in turtles from Tennessee, while As, Zn, Se, and Cu were higher in turtles from Illinois. Seasonal differences in metal concentrations were observed for Cr, Zn, and As. Health of turtles was assessed using hematologic variables. Packed cell volume was positively correlated with Cu, Se, and Pb in Tennessee. Total solids, a measure of plasma proteins, in Tennessee turtles were positively correlated with Cu and Zn. White blood cell count, a measure of inflammation, in Tennessee turtles was negatively correlated with Cu and As, and positively correlated with Pb. Metals are a threat to human health and the health of an ecosystem, and the Eastern Box Turtle can serve as a monitor of these contaminants. Differences established in this study can serve as baseline for future studies of these or related populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Allender
- Department of Comparative Bioscience, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61802, USA,
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Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Aguirre AA, Velazquez-Roman J, Flores-Villaseñor H, León-Sicairos N, Ley-Quiñonez CP, Hernández-Díaz LDJ, Canizalez-Roman A. Isolation, characterization, and antibiotic resistance of Vibrio spp. in sea turtles from Northwestern Mexico. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:635. [PMID: 26161078 PMCID: PMC4480150 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerobic oral and cloacal bacterial microbiota and their antimicrobial resistance were characterized for 64 apparently healthy sea turtles captured at their foraging grounds in Ojo de Liebre Lagoon (OLL), Baja California Sur (BCS), Mexico (Pacific Ocean) and the lagoon system of Navachiste (LSN) and Marine Area of Influence (MAI), Guasave, Sinaloa (Gulf of California). A total of 34 black turtles (Chelonia mydas agassizii) were sampled in OLL and eight black turtles and 22 olive ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) were sampled in LSN and MAI, respectively from January to December 2012. We isolated 13 different species of Gram-negative bacteria. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Vibrio alginolyticus in 39/64 (60%), V. parahaemolyticus in 17/64 (26%), and V. cholerae in 6/64 (9%). However, V. cholerae was isolated only from turtles captured from the Gulf of California (MAI). Among V. parahaemolyticus strains, six O serogroups and eight serovars were identified from which 5/17 (29.4%) belonged to the pathogenic strains (tdh+ gene) and 2/17 (11.7%) had the pandemic clone (tdh+ and toxRS/new+). Among V. cholerae strains, all were identified as non-O1/non-O139, and in 4/6 (66%) the accessory cholera enterotoxin gene (ace) was identified but without virulence gene zot, ctxA, and ctxB. Of the isolated V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, and V. alginolyticus strains, 94.1, 33.4, and 100% demonstrated resistance to at least one commonly prescribed antibiotic (primarily to ampicillin), respectively. In conclusion, the presence of several potential (toxigenic) human pathogens in sea turtles may represent transmission of environmental microbes and a high-risk of food-borne disease. Therefore, based on the fact that it is illegal and unhealthy, we discourage the consumption of sea turtle meat or eggs in northwestern Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Zavala-Norzagaray
- Programa Regional Para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Culiacán, México ; Departamento de medio ambiente y desarrollo comunitario, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Sinaloa Guasave, Mexico
| | - A Alonso Aguirre
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Jorge Velazquez-Roman
- Research Unit, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | - Nidia León-Sicairos
- Research Unit, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; Pediatric Hospital of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico
| | - C P Ley-Quiñonez
- Departamento de medio ambiente y desarrollo comunitario, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Sinaloa Guasave, Mexico
| | - Lucio De Jesús Hernández-Díaz
- Programa Regional Para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Biológicas, Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa Culiacán, México
| | - Adrian Canizalez-Roman
- Research Unit, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacán, Mexico ; The Sinaloa State Public Health Laboratory, Secretariat of Health Culiacán, Mexico
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Cortés-Gómez AA, Fuentes-Mascorro G, Romero D. Metals and metalloids in whole blood and tissues of Olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) from La Escobilla Beach (Oaxaca, Mexico). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:367-375. [PMID: 25301056 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of eight metals and metalloids (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Ni and As) were evaluated from 41 nesting females (blood) and 13 dead (tissues) Olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), a species classified as vulnerable and also listed in Appendix I of the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). The mean blood, liver and kidney lead concentration were 0.02 ± 0.01, 0.11 ± 0.08 and 0.06 ± 0.03 μ gg(-1) ww respectively, values lower than other turtle species and locations, which it could be due to the gradual disuse of leaded gasoline in Mexico and Central America since the 1990s. Mean concentration of cadmium was 0.17 ± 0.08 (blood), 82.88 ± 36.65 (liver) and 150.88 ± 110.9 9μg g(-1) (kidney). To our knowledge, the mean renal cadmium levels found is the highest ever reported worldwide for any sea turtle species, while other six elements showed a concentration similar to other studies in sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Cortés-Gómez
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Gisela Fuentes-Mascorro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Reproducción Animal (LIRA), Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico.
| | - Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
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Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Ley-Quiñónez CP, Espinosa-Carreón TL, Canizalez-Román A, Hart CE, Aguirre AA. Trace elements in blood of sea turtles Lepidochelys olivacea in the Gulf of California, Mexico. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:536-541. [PMID: 24957795 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1320-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the concentrations of heavy metals in blood collected from Pacific Ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) inhabiting the coast of Guasave, Mexico, in the Gulf of California. The highest reported metal concentration in blood was Zn, followed by Se. Of nonessential toxic metals, As was reported in higher percentage compared to Cd. The concentrations of metals detected were present as follows: Zn > Se > Mn > As > Ni > Cd > Cu. Cd concentration in blood is higher in our population in comparison with other populations of L. olivacea, and even higher in other species of sea turtles. Our study reinforces the usefulness of blood for the monitoring of the levels of contaminating elements, and is easily accessible and nonlethal for sea turtles.
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45
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Camacho M, Orós J, Henríquez-Hernández LA, Valerón PF, Boada LD, Zaccaroni A, Zumbado M, Luzardo OP. Influence of the rehabilitation of injured loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) on their blood levels of environmental organic pollutants and elements. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 487:436-42. [PMID: 24802267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We monitored the levels of 57 organic pollutants and 11 elements in the blood of 61 live stranded loggerhead sea turtles at the beginning and end of the rehabilitation period with the goal of evaluating whether recuperation of normal physiological conditions has an influence on the circulating levels of these pollutants from the blood. According to our results, several pollutants (OCPs, PCBs and toxic elements) are mobilized from storage tissues to the blood in sick turtles, and this is more evident in the subgroup of cachectic animals. We observed a significant decrease in the concentrations of some contaminants at the end of the rehabilitation period, probably due to redistribution processes. In contrast, an increase in the levels of the essential elements selenium and zinc was observed after a period of correct feeding and supplementation during hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Camacho
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontana s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain; Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jorge Orós
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontana s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Luis A Henríquez-Hernández
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pilar F Valerón
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Annalisa Zaccaroni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Research Group on Large Pelagic Vertebrates, Viale Vespucci 2, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontana s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain; Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontana s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain; Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Plaza Dr. Pasteur s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Li J, Cen D, Huang D, Li X, Xu J, Fu S, Cai R, Wu X, Tang M, Sun Y, Zhang J, Zheng J. Detection and Analysis of 12 Heavy Metals in Blood and Hair Sample from a General Population of Pearl River Delta Area. Cell Biochem Biophys 2014; 70:1663-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Camacho M, Boada LD, Orós J, López P, Zumbado M, Almeida-González M, Luzardo OP. Monitoring organic and inorganic pollutants in juvenile live sea turtles: results from a study of Chelonia mydas and Eretmochelys imbricata in Cape Verde. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 481:303-10. [PMID: 24602915 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the current environmental concern regarding the risk posed by contamination in marine ecosystems, the concentrations of pollutants in sea turtles have not been thoroughly elucidated. In the current study, we determined the concentrations of 18 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 11 inorganic elements (Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Al, Hg and Se) for the first time in two sea turtle species (Chelonia mydas and Eretmochelys imbricata). Only five of the 18 analyzed OCPs were detected in both species. The average total OCP concentration was higher in green turtles than in hawksbills (0.33 ng/ml versus 0.20 ng/ml). Higher concentrations of individual congeners and total PCBs were also detected in green turtles than in hawksbills (∑PCBs=0.73ng/ml versus 0.19 ng/ml), and different PCB contamination profiles were observed in these two species. Concerning PAHs, we also observed a different contamination profile and higher levels of contamination in green turtles (∑PAHs=12.06 ng/ml versus 2.95 ng/ml). Di- and tri-cyclic PAHs were predominant in both populations, suggesting a petrogenic origin, rather than urban sources of PAHs. Additionally, all of the samples exhibited detectable levels of the 11 inorganic elements. In this case, we also observed relevant differences between both species. Thus, Zn was the most abundant inorganic element in hawksbills (an essential inorganic element), whereas Ni, a well-known toxicant, was the most abundant inorganic element in green turtles. The presence of contaminants is greater in green turtles relative to hawksbill turtles, suggesting a greater exposure to hazardous chemical contaminants for green turtles. These results provide baseline data for these species that can serve for future monitoring purposes outlined in the EU's Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Camacho
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain; Tafira Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, Cabildo de Gran Canaria, Tafira Baja, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Luis D Boada
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, P.O. Box 550, 35080 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jorge Orós
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Pedro López
- Naturalia Cape Verde Ltd., P.O. Box 100, Sal Rei, Boa Vista, Cape Verde
| | - Manuel Zumbado
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, P.O. Box 550, 35080 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Maira Almeida-González
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, P.O. Box 550, 35080 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Octavio P Luzardo
- Toxicology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, P.O. Box 550, 35080 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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48
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Ley-Quiñónez CP, Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Réndon-Maldonado JG, Espinosa-Carreón TL, Canizales-Román A, Escobedo-Urías DC, Leal-Acosta ML, Hart CE, Aguirre AA. Selected heavy metals and selenium in the blood of black sea turtle (Chelonia mydas agasiizzi) from Sonora, Mexico. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 91:645-651. [PMID: 24072261 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-013-1114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, Mn) and selenium (Se) was analyzed in blood collected from 12 black turtles (Chelonia mydas agasiizzi) captured in Canal del Infiernillo, Punta Chueca, Mexico. The most abundant metals were Zn (63.58 μg g(-1)) and Se (7.66 μg g(-1)), and Cd was the lower (0.99 μg g(-1)). The sequential concentrations of trace metals were Zn > Se > Cu > Mn > Ni > Cd. In conclusion, this information is important as a baseline when using blood as tissue analysis of heavy metals; however, these levels could represent recent exposure in foraging grounds of black turtles in the Sea of Cortez.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Ley-Quiñónez
- Programa para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico,
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49
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Camacho M, Orós J, Boada LD, Zaccaroni A, Silvi M, Formigaro C, López P, Zumbado M, Luzardo OP. Potential adverse effects of inorganic pollutants on clinical parameters of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta): results from a nesting colony from Cape Verde, West Africa. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 92:15-22. [PMID: 23998796 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A large number of nesting loggerhead sea turtles (n = 201) were sampled to establish the blood levels of 11 elements (Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, As, Al, Hg, and Se). Almost all of the samples showed detectable levels of these 11 elements, and Zn and Se exhibited the highest concentrations (median values as high as 6.05 and 2.28 μg/g, respectively). The median concentrations of the most toxic compounds, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg, were relatively low (0.38, 0.24, 0.06, and 0.03 μg/g, respectively). We also determined the haematological and biochemical parameters in a subsample of 50 turtles to evaluate the potential effects of these contaminants on clinical parameters and found several associations. Our study reinforces the usefulness of blood for the monitoring of the levels of contaminating elements and their adverse effects on blood parameters in sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Camacho
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontana s/n, 35416 Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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Ruelas-Inzunza J, Delgado-Alvarez C, Frías-Espericueta M, Páez-Osuna F. Mercury in the atmospheric and coastal environments of Mexico. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 226:65-99. [PMID: 23625130 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6898-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In Mexico, published studies relating to the occurrence of Hg in the environment are limited. Among the main sources of Hg in Mexico are mining and refining of Auand Hg, chloralkali plants, Cu smelting, residential combustion of wood, carbo electric plants, and oil refineries. Hg levels are highly variable in the atmospheric compartment because of the atmospheric dynamics and ongoing metal exchange with the terrestrial surface. In atmospheric studies, Hg levels are usually reported as total gaseous Hg (TGM). In Mexico, TGM values ranged from 1.32 ng m-3 in Hidalgo state (a rural agricultural area) to 71.82 ng m-3 in Zacatecas state (an area where brick manufacturers use mining wastes as a raw material).Published information on mercury levels in the coastal environment comprise 21 studies, representing 21 areas, in which sediments constituted the substrate that was analyzed for Hg. In addition, water samples were analyzed for Hg in nine studies.Few studies exist on Hg levels in the Caribbean and in the southwest of the country where tourism is rapidly increasing. Hence, there is a need for establishing baseline levels of mercury in these increasingly visited areas. In regions where studies have been undertaken, Hg levels in sediments were highly variable. Variations in Hg sediment levels mainly result from geological factors and the varying degree of anthropogenic impacts in the studied areas. In areas that still have pristine or nearly pristine environments (e.g., coast, Baja California, Todos Santos Bay, and La Paz lagoon), sediment Hg levels ranged from <0.006 to 0.35 j.lg g-1 on a dry wt basis.When higher levels exist (0.34-57.94 j.lg g-1 on a dry wt basis), the environment generally shows the influence of inputs from mining, oil processing, agriculture,geothermal events, or harmful algal bloom events (e.g., Guaymas Bay and Coatzacoalcos estuary). From chronological studies performed in selected coastal lagoons in NW Mexico, it is clear that Hg fluxes to sediments have increased from2- to 15-fold in recent years. Since the 1940s, historical increases of Hg fluxes have resulted from higher agricultural waste releases and exhaust from the thermo electric plants. The levels of Hg in water reveal a moderate to elevated contamination of some Mexican coastal sites. In Urias lagoon (NW Mexico), moderate to high levels were found in the dissolved and suspended fraction, and these are related to shipping, the fishing industry, domestic effluents, and the presence of a thermoelectric plant. In Coatzacoalcos (SE Mexico), extremely elevated Hg levels were found during the decade of the 1970s. Low to moderate levels of Hg were measured in waters from the Alvarado lagoon (SE Mexico); those concentrations appear to be associated with river waters that became enriched with organic matter and suspended solids inthe brackish mixing zone.Regarding the Hg content in invertebrates, the use of bivalves (oysters and mussels)as biomonitors must be established along the coastal zones of Mexico, because some coastal lagoons have not been previously monitored. In addition, more research is needed to investigate shrimp farms that are associated with agricultural basins and receive effluents from several anthropogenic sources (e.g., mining activity and urban discharges). Hg residues in several vertebrate groups collected in Mexico have been studied.These include mammals, birds, reptiles, and fish. In elasmobranch species, the highest Hg concentration (27.2 flg g-1 dry wt) was found in the muscle of the smooth hammer head shark (Sphyrna zygaena). Teleost fish are the vertebrate group that has been most studied, with regard to Hg residue content; the highest value (5.67 11g g-1dry wt) was detected in the striped marlin (T. audax). Among reptiles, only marine turtles were studied; Hg levels found ranged from 0.795 in the liver to 0.0006flg g-1dry wt in the blood of L. olivacea. In birds, the highest Hg concentration (5.08 flg g-1dry wt) detected was in the liver of the olivaceous cormorant (P. olivaceous).Specimens from stranded marine mammals were also analyzed; levels of Hg ranged from 70.35 flg g-1 dry wt in the liver of stranded spinner dolphin (S. longirostris ), to0.145 flg g-1 dry wt in the muscle of gray whale (E. robustus). The presence of Hgin these marine animals is not thought to have caused the stranding of the animals.Other organisms like macroalgae and vestimentiferan tube worms were used to monitor the occurrence of Hg in the aquatic environment; levels were comparable to data reported on similar organisms from other areas of the world. Few investigation shave been carried out concerning the mercury content in human organs/tissues in Mexico. Considering the potential deleterious effects of Hg on kidney, lung, and the central nervous system, more information about human exposure to organic and inorganic forms of mercury and their effects is needed, both in Mexico and elsewhere.
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