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Corrêa AM, Campos FF, Tenório MF, Rodrigues AMS, Pérez CD, Thompson F, Batista AS, Gatts PV, de Rezende CE, Leal KZ, Bernardes MC. Hydrocarbon composition of oils spilt on the Brazilian coast in 2019 and 2022. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 207:116821. [PMID: 39146712 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The chemical composition of spilt oils from events that took place on the north-eastern coast of Brazil in 2019 and 2022 was investigated to better understand their sources, and post-spill processes. Oils from both events originated from different sources, based on their fingerprints, hydrocarbons composition and specific biomarkers, such as the C23 tricyclic terpane and oleanane. Despite the differences, the source rocks share similarities in paleoenvironments and depositional conditions and both oils suffered little weathering, mainly due to evaporation and dissolution. Our findings for 2019 spilt oil reinforce that it is a mixed product, enriched both in lighter n-alkanes and 25-norhopanes. Differently, the 2022 samples exhibited characteristics of a non-processed crude oil that originated from a paraffinic deposit in storage tanks. The molecular composition and diagnostic ratios reported for samples from these spill events help to establish baselines for ongoing monitoring of oil spills in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônia M Corrêa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Felipe F Campos
- Núcleo de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil; Departamento de Invertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcus F Tenório
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alice M S Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos D Pérez
- Núcleo de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andressa S Batista
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro V Gatts
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos E de Rezende
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia Z Leal
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C Bernardes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
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2
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Lourenço RA, R Marcelino RP, Lube GV, Lassalle G, Del'Papa Moreira Scafutto R, de Souza Filho CR. Sunken oil mats: A biomarker-based investigation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 208:116972. [PMID: 39293371 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Sunken oil mats (SOMs) pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems, yet their long-term fate and weathering processes remain poorly understood. This study investigates the degradation of biomarkers in a SOM sample collected from the Brazilian coast following the long-lasting 2019 oil spill. The SOM clearly distinguished from spilt oil and were attributed to tanker-washing residues. Analysis of its sections revealed a consistent depletion pattern, associated with losses of volatile and photooxidation-sensitive compounds, even in the most preserved inner fractions, this suggests weathering of the oil prior SOM formation. While biodegradation was minor, photooxidation revealed a significant weathering factor, especially for aromatic compounds as indicated by preferential degradation of highly-alkylated tricyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles, and specific methylpyrenes and benzofluorenes. This study underscore the complex interplay of weathering processes shaping the fate of SOMs and the importance of biomarker-based diagnosis in assessing the origin and ecological impacts of long-lasting oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael André Lourenço
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 - Cidade Universitária, Butantã 05508-120, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Patrick R Marcelino
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 - Cidade Universitária, Butantã 05508-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Vieira Lube
- Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191 - Cidade Universitária, Butantã 05508-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Guillaume Lassalle
- Geosciences Institute, University of Campinas, PO Box 6152, 13083-855 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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3
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Müller MN, Vicente Ferreira Junior A, Zanardi Lamardo E, Yogui GT, Flores Montes MDJ, Silva MA, Lima EJAC, Rojas LAV, Jannuzzi LGDS, Cunha MDGGDS, Melo PAMDC, Carvalho VPCD, Carneiro YMM, Carreira RDS, Araujo M, Santos LPDS. Finding the needle in a haystack: Evaluation of ecotoxicological effects along the continental shelf break during the Brazilian mysterious oil spill. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124422. [PMID: 38914197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Oceanic oil spills present significant ecological risks that have the potential to contaminate extensive areas, including coastal regions. The occurrence of the 2019 oil spill event in Brazil resulted in over 3000 km of contaminated beaches and shorelines. While assessing the impact on benthic and beach ecosystems is relatively straightforward due to direct accessibility, evaluating the ecotoxicological effects of open ocean oil spills on the pelagic community is a complex task. Difficulties are associated with the logistical challenges of responding promptly and, in case of the Brazilian mysterious oil spill, to the subsurface propagation of the oil that impeded remote visual detection. An oceanographic expedition was conducted in order to detect and evaluate the impact of this oil spill event along the north-eastern Brazilian continental shelf. The pursuit of dissolved and dispersed oil compounds was accomplished by standard oceanographic methods including seawater polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) analysis, biomass stable carbon isotope (δ13C), particulate organic carbon to particulate organic nitrogen (POC:PON) ratios, nutrient analysis and ecotoxicological bioassays using the naupliar phase of the copepod Tisbe biminiensis. Significant ecotoxicological effects, reducing naupliar development by 20-40 %, were indicated to be caused by the presence of dispersed oil in the open ocean. The heterogeneous distribution of oil droplets aggravated the direct detection and biochemical indicators for oil are presented and discussed. Our findings serve as a case study for identifying and tracing subsurface propagation of oil, demonstrating the feasibility of utilizing standard oceanographic and ecotoxicological methods to assess the impacts of oil spill events in the open ocean. Ultimately, it encourages the establishment of appropriate measures and responses regarding the liability and regulation of entities to be held accountable for oil spills in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Nils Müller
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil; Macau Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, 999078, China.
| | | | - Eliete Zanardi Lamardo
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Marcus André Silva
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renato da Silva Carreira
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Moacyr Araujo
- Department of Oceanography, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
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4
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Zacharias DC, Lemos AT, Keramea P, Dantas RC, da Rocha RP, Crespo NM, Sylaios G, Jovane L, da Silva Santos IG, Montone RC, de Oliveira Soares M, Lourenço RA. Offshore oil spills in Brazil: An extensive review and further development. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 205:116663. [PMID: 38972220 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The present study offers an extensive overview on the evolution and current state of marine oil spill research in Brazil and then discusses further directions. Given the historical and current relevance of this issue, this paper also aims to summarize the exploration, geological background, design of oil spills timeline and assessment of the most important of them. Moreover, it includes a critical comparison of Brazilian oil spill models in terms of their simulation abilities, real-time field data assimilation, space and time forecasts and uncertainty evaluation. This study also presents the perspectives of the Multi-User System for Detection, Prediction, and Monitoring of Oil Spills at Sea (SisMOM) the largest and most important Brazilian project to face the offshore oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Constantino Zacharias
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Angelo Teixeira Lemos
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Rodovia BR-367, km 10, Zona Rural, Porto Seguro, BA 45810-000, Brazil
| | - Panagiota Keramea
- Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
| | - Rafaela Cardoso Dantas
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rosmeri Porfirio da Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Natália Machado Crespo
- Department of Atmospheric Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 747/2, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Georgios Sylaios
- Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
| | - Luigi Jovane
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Iwldson Guilherme da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Carmela Montone
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, 60165081, Meireles, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rafael André Lourenço
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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5
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D'Almeida AP, de Azevedo DCS, Melo VMM, de Albuquerque TL, Rocha MVP. Bioemulsifier production by Acinetobacter venetianus AMO1502: Potential for bioremediation and environmentally friendly applications. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116436. [PMID: 38762935 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
At the best conditions of the bioprocess (30 °C, pH 7.0, 3.0 g/L NaCl) were obtained 0.66 g/L cell concentration, 3.3 g/L of bioemulsifier, which showed high emulsifying activity (53 % ± 2), reducing the surface tension of the water in 47.2 % (38 mN/m). The polymeric structure of the purified bioemulsifier comprised a carbohydrate backbone composed of hexose-based amino sugars with a monomeric mass of 1099 Da, structurally similar to emulsan. A. venetianus bioemulsifier is non-phytotoxic (GI% > 80 %) against Ocimum basilicum and Brassica oleracea and non-cytotoxic (LC50 5794 mg/L) against Artemia salina, being safe local organisms in comparison to other less eco-friendly synthetic emulsifiers. This bioemulsifier effectively dispersed spilled oil in vitro (C22-C33), reducing oil mass by 12 % (w/w) and dispersing oil in a displacement area of 75 cm2 (23.8 % of the spilled area). Thus, the isolated A. venetianus AMO1502 produced a bioemulsifier potentially applicable for environmentally friendly oil spill remediation.
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6
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Martins LL, Pereira VB, Nascimento AP, Azevedo RNA, Oliveira AHB, Teixeira CEP, Azevedo DA, da Cruz GF, Cavalcante RM, Giarrizzo T. Forensic Geochemistry Reveals International Ship Dumping as a Source of New Oil Spill in Brazil's Coastline (Bahia) in Late 2023. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9328-9338. [PMID: 38739556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we applied forensic geochemistry to investigate the origin and fate of spilled oils like tarballs stranded at the beaches of Bahia, in northeastern Brazil, in September 2023, based on their fingerprints. Saturated and aromatic compounds were assessed by gas chromatography, and the oceanic surface circulation patterns were deciphered to determine the geographic origin of the spill. Contamination by petroleum represents an enormous threat to the unique, species-rich ecosystems of the study area. The geochemical fingerprint of the oil spilled in 2023 did not correlate with those of previous events, including the one in 2019, the one in early 2022 in Ceará, and an extensive spill across the Brazilian Northeast in late 2022. However, the fingerprint did correlate with crude oils produced by Middle Eastern countries, most likely Kuwait. The oil of the 2023 spill had a carbonate marine origin from early mature source rocks. These findings, together with the moderate weathering of the 2023 tarballs and the ocean circulation patterns at the time of the event, indicate that the oil was discharged close to the shore of Brazil, to the east or southeast of Salvador, by a tanker on an international route in the South Atlantic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laercio L Martins
- Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering and Exploration (LENEP), North Fluminense State University (UENF), Macaé 27925-535, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Marine Sciences (LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60165-181, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Vinícius B Pereira
- Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Adriana P Nascimento
- Institute of Marine Sciences (LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60165-181, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rufino Neto A Azevedo
- Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department (DQAFQ), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60455-760, Ceará, Brazil
| | - André H B Oliveira
- Institute of Marine Sciences (LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60165-181, Ceará, Brazil
- Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department (DQAFQ), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60455-760, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo P Teixeira
- Institute of Marine Sciences (LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60165-181, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Débora A Azevedo
- Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Georgiana F da Cruz
- Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering and Exploration (LENEP), North Fluminense State University (UENF), Macaé 27925-535, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Institute of Marine Sciences (LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60165-181, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Institute of Marine Sciences (LABOMAR), Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza 60165-181, Ceará, Brazil
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7
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Choueri RB, de Souza Abessa DM, de Carvalho MU, Pazini B, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Rojas LAV, de Carvalho PSM, de Andrade NVM, de Souza Santos LP, Ferraz MA, Alves AV, Castro ÍB. PAH residues and toxicity levels two years after an extensive oil spill on the northeast Brazilian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116063. [PMID: 38278019 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The most extensive oil spill ever recorded in tropical oceans occurred between August 2019 and March 2020, affecting approximately 3000 km of the Brazilian coast. This study assessed the chemical contamination and toxicity of sediments collected from affected reef areas during two sampling surveys conducted 17 and 24 months after the peak of oil slick inputs. Our results indicated that neither PAH levels nor measured toxicity showed a significant contribution from the spilled oil, with concentrations and biological effects indistinguishable from those in unaffected areas. Similarly, no differences were observed between seasons. Furthermore, there was no discernible relationship between sediment toxicity results and the measured PAH concentrations. Therefore, while biological responses indicated toxicity in most assessed areas, these responses are likely related to other local sources. This evidence suggests a natural oil attenuation process contributing to local environmental recovery. Nonetheless, further investigation is needed for other areas affected by oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maysa Ueda de Carvalho
- Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pazini
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lino Angel Valcárcel Rojas
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Martins de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nycolle Virgínia Maux de Andrade
- Laboratório de Cultivo e Ecotoxicologia (LACE) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lília Pereira de Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Cultivo e Ecotoxicologia (LACE) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Vecchio Alves
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
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8
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Varona HL, Noriega C, Calzada AE, Medeiros C, Lobaina A, Rodriguez A, Chang D, Reyes D, Araujo J, Silva M, das Chagas Moura M, Araujo M. Effects of meteo-oceanographic conditions on the weathering processes of oil spills in northeastern Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115828. [PMID: 38000262 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the graphical results of the Lagrangian-model and the weathering processes associated with oil spills in the tropical South Atlantic, taking into account the meteorological and oceanographic conditions of the study region. The scenarios were created in the Brazilian-NE waters adjacent, with simulation times of 670 h, and densities of 35, 25, and 15API with volume of 1590 m3 were considered. The main results showed that the meteo-oceanographic characteristics of the study region influence the trajectories and weathering processes in the oil spill. The trajectories varied for each launch point and reached the continent severely in January and October. The associated weathering processes showed higher rates in September and lower rates in April, indicative of the influence of phenomena such as Intertropical Tropical Convergence Zone and warm pool in the South Atlantic region. Sea surface temperature and wind speed are key factors that correlate positively with these months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto L Varona
- Laboratory of Physical, Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography (LOFEC), Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Center for Risk Analysis, Reliability Engineering and Environmental Modeling (CEERMA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Noriega
- Laboratory of Physical, Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography (LOFEC), Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Center for Risk Analysis, Reliability Engineering and Environmental Modeling (CEERMA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amilcar E Calzada
- Laboratory of Physical, Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography (LOFEC), Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Carmen Medeiros
- Laboratory of Physical, Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography (LOFEC), Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Alexander Lobaina
- Air Information System on Meteorology, The Cuban Company of Air Navigation, Cuba
| | | | - Dayron Chang
- Otto-von-Guericke, University of Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dailin Reyes
- Center for Marine Meteorology, Meteorology Institute, Havana, Cuba
| | - Julia Araujo
- Brazilian Research Network on Global Climate Change (Rede CLIMA), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcus Silva
- Laboratory of Physical, Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography (LOFEC), Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Center for Risk Analysis, Reliability Engineering and Environmental Modeling (CEERMA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcio das Chagas Moura
- Center for Risk Analysis, Reliability Engineering and Environmental Modeling (CEERMA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Moacyr Araujo
- Laboratory of Physical, Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography (LOFEC), Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Center for Risk Analysis, Reliability Engineering and Environmental Modeling (CEERMA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil; Brazilian Research Network on Global Climate Change (Rede CLIMA), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
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9
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Sbragio R, Filho OR, Martins MR. Methodology for the estimation of an oil spill origin: Analysis of the 2019 Brazilian coast oil spill. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 197:115676. [PMID: 37897965 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
This research presents a procedure for determining the origin of marine pollution through the use of a time-direct trajectory modeling, associated with a Kriging metamodel technique and Monte Carlo random sampling. These methods were applied to a real case, specifically the oil spill that affected the Brazilian coast in the second half of 2019 and early 2020. A total of 140 trajectories, defined by the geographical coordinates of the origin and the spill date, were generated through Latin Hypercube Sampling and simulated using the PyGNOME model to construct the Kriging metamodel. The metamodel demonstrated cost-effectiveness by efficiently simulating numerous input data combinations which were compared and optimized based on available real data regarding temporal and spatial pollution distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Sbragio
- University of São Paulo, Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Department, Analysis, Evaluation and Risk Management Laboratory - LabRisco, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 2231, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcelo Ramos Martins
- University of São Paulo, Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Department, Analysis, Evaluation and Risk Management Laboratory - LabRisco, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 2231, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-030, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Fernandes GM, Martins DDA, de Oliveira AHB, de Lima MFB, Reddy CM, Nelson RK, Cavalcante RM. Hydrocarbon markers for assessing the influence of human activities in the tropical semi-arid region (Acaraú River, state of Ceará, Brazil). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140227. [PMID: 37758093 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are facing increasing anthropogenic stressors, including rapid urbanization rates and extensive fossil fuel usage. Nevertheless, the distribution of hydrocarbons in the Brazilian semi-arid region remains relatively uncharacterized. In this study, we analyzed ten surface sediment samples (0-2 cm) along the banks of the Acaraú River to assess the chronic contributions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The Acaraú River is a crucial riverine-estuarine area in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer were used to identify target compounds: 45 PAHs, 27 n-alkanes (C10-C38), and two isoprenoids. At most stations, the predominant grain size was sand, and the organic carbon content was less than 1%. The total n-alkanes concentration ranged from 14.1 to 170.0 μg g-1, while individual pristane and phytane concentrations ranged from not detected (nd) to 0.4 μg g-1 and nd to 0.7 μg g-1, respectively. These concentrations resemble those found in unpolluted sediments and are lower compared to samples from urbanized coastal areas. The total USEPA PAHs concentration varied from 157.8 to 1364 ng g-1, leading to the characterization of sediment samples as moderately polluted. Based on diagnostic ratios calculated from both alkane and PAH concentrations, the sediment samples were predominantly deriving from pyrolytic sources, with some contribution from petrogenic sources. The most abundant group was 5-ring PAHs (mean: 47.3 ± 36.7%), followed by 3-ring PAHs (mean: 17.9 ± 13.7%). This predominance indicates a pyrolytic origin of hydrocarbons in the Acaraú River. The concentrations reported here were representative of the level of background hydrocarbons in the region. Regarding the sediment quality assessment, BaP TPE calculated for the Acaraú River ranged from 13.2 to 1258.4 ng g-1 (mean: 409.3 ± 409.4 ng g-1). When considering site-specific sediment quality values for the coast of the state of Ceará, half of the stations are classified as strongly contaminated, and toxic effects are expected to occur (SQGq >0.25) for the ∑16 PAHs measured in the samples, especially due to dibenz [a,h]anthracene concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Davi de A Martins
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Andre H B de Oliveira
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Laboratory for Environmental Studies (LEA), Federal University of Ceará - Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Department, Campus do Pici s/n, Bloco 938/939, Brazil
| | - Marcielly F B de Lima
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Christopher M Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Robert K Nelson
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles,CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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11
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Zacharias DC, Crespo NM, da Silva NP, da Rocha RP, Gama CM, Ribeiro E Silva SBN, Harari J. Oil reaching the coast: Is Brazil on the route of international oceanic dumping? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115624. [PMID: 37871459 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
After the oil spill disaster occurred in 2019, various events of tar balls reaching the Brazilian coast and archipelagos have been reported. The hypothesis here is that the oil/waste dumped in international waters by ships on-route to Cape of Good Hope is reaching the Brazilian coast. On that account, 30-year probabilistic simulations were used to estimate the probability of dumped oil residue reaching the Brazilian coast. The simulations considered three Zones following the South Atlantic route. The results have shown that up to 28.5 % of large ships could dump oil on-route. Inside the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone, the probability of dumped oil/waste reaching the coastline is about 62 % and quickly decreases for Dumping Zones 2 and 3. Equatorial and Northeast shores of Brazil are the most vulnerable to oceanic dumping when compared to other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Constantino Zacharias
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Natália Machado Crespo
- Department of Atmospheric Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 747/2, 18 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natália Pillar da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Rosmeri Porfirio da Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carine Malagolini Gama
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil
| | | | - Joseph Harari
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil
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12
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Bérgamo DB, Craveiro N, Magalhães KM, Yogui GT, Soares MO, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Rojas LAV, Lima MCSD, Rosa Filho JS. Tar balls as a floating substrate for long-distance species dispersal. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115654. [PMID: 37839129 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent arrivals of tar balls have been observed in several tropical beaches associated with the oceanic circulation that flows to the Brazilian continental shelf. Between August and September 2022, tar balls were collected in the northeastern coast of Brazil and analyzed. Nearly 90 % of the oils were colonized by barnacles, polychaetes, decapods, and algae. Most rafting organisms were Lepas anserifera with capitulum measuring 0.32 to 22.21 mm. Based on the growth rate of barnacles and the speed of the SEC it was estimated that tar balls were floating since July and August 2022 and traveled a maximum of 1938.82 km. The organisms and tar balls' possible origin is in the international waters, near to the meso-Atlantic ridge, known for oil tanker traffic. The tar balls, in addition to the oil-related impacts, can act as a vector of long-distance species dispersion, and it needs to raise an alert, considering the possible ecological impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Barbosa Bérgamo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN) - Laboratório de Bentos (LABEN), 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Nykon Craveiro
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN) - Laboratório de Bentos (LABEN), 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Karine Matos Magalhães
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia - Laboratório de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (LEAQUA), 52171- 900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN) - Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (ORGANOMAR), 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Oliveira Soares
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) - Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN) - Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (ORGANOMAR), 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lino Angel Valcarcel Rojas
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN) - Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (ORGANOMAR), 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Santana de Lima
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia - Laboratório de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (LEAQUA), 52171- 900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN) - Laboratório de Bentos (LABEN), 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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13
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da Rocha AB, de Aquino Saraiva R, de Siqueira VM, Yogui GT, de Souza Bezerra R, de Assis CRD, Sousa MSB, de Souza Buarque D. Shrimp laccase degrades polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from an oil spill disaster in Brazil: A tool for marine environmental bioremediation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115445. [PMID: 37639916 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Our work aims to purify, characterize and evaluate a laccase from by-products of the shrimp farming industry (Litopenaeus vannamei) for the degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from 2019 oil spill in Brazilian coast. The enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography and characterized as thermostable, with activity above 90 °C and at alkaline pH. In addition, the laccase was also tolerant to copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, arsenic, hexane and methanol, with significant enzymatic activation in acetone and 10 mM mercury. Concerning PAHs' degradation, the enzyme degraded 42.40 % of the total compounds, degrading >50 % of fluorene, C4-naphthalenes, C3-naphthalenes, C2-naphthalenes, anthracene, acenaphthene, 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene. Thus, this laccase demonstrated important characteristics for bioremediation of marine environments contaminated by crude oil spills, representing a viable and ecological alternative for these purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Barbosa da Rocha
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Fazenda Saco, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE 55608-680, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, UFRPE/UAST, 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Rogério de Aquino Saraiva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, UFRPE/UAST, 55608-680, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Cariri, Campus Brejo Santo, Brejo Santo, Ceará 63048-080, Brazil
| | - Virgínia Medeiros de Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, UFRPE/UAST, 55608-680, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50740-550, Brazil.
| | - Ranilson de Souza Bezerra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diego de Souza Buarque
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, Fazenda Saco, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE 55608-680, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, UFRPE/UAST, 55608-680, Brazil.
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14
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de Freitas Santos da Silva AC, de Santana CO, Dos Santos Vergilio C, de Jesus TB. Distribution, toxicity and bioaccumulation of trace metals in environmental matrices of an estuary in a protected area. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114928. [PMID: 37146550 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Mangroves are productive ecosystems that are highly threatened by anthropogenic activities. We investigated the environmental quality of the Serinhaém river estuary located in a legally protected area. Through chemical analysis of sediments and tissues of Cardisoma guanhumi, in addition to bioassays with elutriate involving Nitokra sp. and Thalassiosira pseudonana, we determined the contamination status and risk factors related to trace metals in the estuary. For the sediment, the concentrations of Cr and Ni were above the limit established by CONAMA n° 454/2012 in the "City" site, and Cr above the TEL in all sampling sites. Ecotoxicological tests showed high toxicity in samples from "City" and "Tributary". The elements Cr, Mn, Ni and Zn were also higher in crabs from these sites. Cr levels exceeded the Brazilian limit for food consumption. The bioaccumulation factor was not significant. However, the overall analysis proved that this estuary is increasingly impacted by anthropogenic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina de Freitas Santos da Silva
- State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem em Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente (PPGM), Avenida Transnordestina, s/n - Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Santana
- State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução (PPGECOEVOL), Avenida Transnordestina, s/n - Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Dos Santos Vergilio
- Federal University of Espirito Santo (UFES), Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Alto Universitário, S/N, Guararema, 29.500-00 Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Taíse Bomfim de Jesus
- State University of Feira de Santana (UEFS), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Modelagem em Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente (PPGM), Avenida Transnordestina, s/n - Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil.
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15
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Lima BD, Martins LL, Pereira VB, Franco DMM, Dos Santos IR, Santos JM, Vaz BG, Azevedo DA, da Cruz GF. Weathering impacts on petroleum biomarker, aromatic, and polar compounds in the spilled oil at the northeast coast of Brazil over time. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 189:114744. [PMID: 36870139 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
After the wide oil spill reached the northeast of Brazil, the resurgence of oil was recorded and to evaluate this oil in detail, two samples collected in the state of Pernambuco in 2019 and 2021 were submitted to multiple analytical techniques. For both, we have found similar saturated biomarkers and triaromatic steroid ratios, implying that they are from the same spilled source. The n-alkanes, isoprenoids, and cycloalkanes were almost completely degraded due to evaporation, photooxidation, and/or biodegradation processes. The preferential loss of less alkylated PAHs than the more alkylated ones suggests that biodegradation was the most active process. This hypothesis is reinforced by the formation of mono and dicarboxylic acids assessed by GC × GC-TOFMS and ESI(-) FT-ICR MS high-resolution techniques. Furthermore, based on the ESI(-) FT-ICR MS results, three new ratios were proposed to evaluate the progress of the biodegradation process over time: Ox>2/O, SOx/SO, and SOx/N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara D Lima
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Laercio L Martins
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Vinícius B Pereira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ignes R Dos Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jandyson M Santos
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Boniek G Vaz
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Débora A Azevedo
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Georgiana F da Cruz
- Laboratório de Engenharia e Exploração de Petróleo (LENEP), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 27910-970 Macaé, RJ, Brazil.
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16
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Azevedo RNA, Bezerra KMM, Nascimento RF, Nelson RK, Reddy CM, Nascimento AP, Oliveira AHB, Martins LL, Cavalcante RM. Is there a similarity between the 2019 and 2022 oil spills that occurred on the coast of Ceará (Northeast Brazil)? An analysis based on forensic environmental geochemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120283. [PMID: 36180002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to investigate the 2019 and 2022 oil spill events that occurred off the coast of the State of Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. To further assess these mysterious oil spills, we investigated whether the oils stranded on the beaches of Ceará in 2019 and 2022 had the same origin, whether their compositional differences were due to weathering processes, and whether the materials from both were natural or industrially processed. We collected oil samples in October 2019 and January 2022, soon after their appearance on the beaches. We applied a forensic environmental geochemistry approach using both one-dimensional and two-dimensional gas chromatography to assess chemical composition. The collected material had characteristics of crude oil and not refined oils. In addition, the 2022 oil samples collected over 130 km of the east coast of Ceará had a similar chemical profile and were thus considered to originate from the same source. However, these oils had distinct biomarker profiles compared to those of the 2019 oils, including resistant terpanes and triaromatic steranes, thus excluding the hypothesis that the oil that reached the coast of Ceará in January 2022 is related to the tragedy that occurred in 2019. From a geochemical perspective, the oil released in 2019 is more thermally mature than that released in 2022, with both having source rocks with distinct types of organic matter and depositional environments. As the coast of Ceará has vast ecological diversity and Marine Protected Areas, the possibility of occasional oil spills in the area causing severe environmental pollution should be investigated from multiple perspectives, including forensic environmental geochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufino N A Azevedo
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceara, Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, s/n - Pici, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Kamylla M M Bezerra
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceara, Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, s/n - Pici, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Marine Environments (INCT-AmbTropic, Phase II - Oil Spill), Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Laboratory of Traces Analysis (LAT) - Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua do Contorno, Humberto Monte S/N Campus do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza, CE 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Robert K Nelson
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Christopher M Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Adriana P Nascimento
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Brazil
| | - André H B Oliveira
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceara, Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, s/n - Pici, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Brazil
| | - Laercio L Martins
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Brazil; Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering and Exploration (LENEP), North Fluminense State University (UENF), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, 27925-535, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Tropical Marine Environments (INCT-AmbTropic, Phase II - Oil Spill), Brazil; Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences-Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Brazil.
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17
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da Rosa LC. Sandy beach macroinfauna response to the worst oil spill in Brazilian coast: No evidence of an acute impact. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113753. [PMID: 35598511 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the first assessment of the impact of the worst oil spill ever faced by Brazilian sandy beaches by analyzing changes in the community structure of intertidal macroinfauna. Four sandy beaches were sampled three times after the oil spill, and the results were compared with previous data. The first sampling, conducted 15 days after the oil spill (October 2019), showed higher abundance of macroinfauna, which decreased in subsequent sampling conducted 60 and 120 days later, but never reached a lower level than in previous sampling. Of the macroinfauna species, Scolelepis sp. was most abundant in October 2019, while Donax gemmula was predominant during the other time periods. Changes observed in macroinfauna were due to natural fluctuations rather than a response to this disturbance. Characteristics of both the oil spill and macroinfauna contributed to the lack of acute impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cruz da Rosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentônica, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
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18
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Modern analytical techniques are improving our ability to follow the fate of spilled oil in the environment. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2021.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Soares MO, Teixeira CEP, Bezerra LEA, Rabelo EF, Castro IB, Cavalcante RM. The most extensive oil spill registered in tropical oceans (Brazil): the balance sheet of a disaster. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19869-19877. [PMID: 35061174 PMCID: PMC8776981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a synthesis of information about the massive oil spill in Brazil (2019/2020). The event affected 11 states; however, the majority of the oil residue was collected (~ 5380 tons) near nine states (99.8%) in northeastern Brazil. This spill was not the largest in volume (between 5000 m3 and 12,000 m3) recorded in tropical oceans, but it was the most extensive (2890 km). This spill develops an overwashed tar that remains mostly in the undersurface drift (non-floating oil plume) below 17 m of depth while on the continental shelf. Ten ecosystems were impacted, with potentially more severe effects in mangroves and seagrasses. Certain negative effects are still understudied, such as effects on tropical reefs and rhodolith beds. A total of 57 protected areas in seven management categories were affected, most of which (60%) were characterized as multiple-use regions. The spill affected at least 34 threatened species, with impacts detected on plankton and benthic communities. Acute impacts were reported on echinoderms, coral symbionts, polychaetes, and sponges with evidence of oil ingestion. Socioeconomic impacts were detected in food security, public health, lodging, gender equality, tourism, and fishing, with reduced sales, prices, tourist attractiveness, gross domestic product, and employment. Moreover, chemical contamination was detected in some states by toxic metals (Hg, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (acenaphthalene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene). This summary aims to aid in the design of science-based strategies to understand the impacts and develop strategies for the most extensive spill observed in tropical oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil.
- Reef Systems Group, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Italo Braga Castro
- Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
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Magalhães KM, Carreira RS, Rosa Filho JS, Rocha PP, Santana FM, Yogui GT. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in fishery resources affected by the 2019 oil spill in Brazil: Short-term environmental health and seafood safety. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113334. [PMID: 35091343 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present herein a short-term impact on marketed fisheries and human health safety in the first three months following the 2019 oil spill in Brazil. Total PAHs in the edible tissues of 34 finfish and shellfish species ranged from 8.71 to 418 ng g-1 wet weight, with robust evidence supporting crude oil contamination. A prevalence of low molecular weight PAHs was observed, mainly naphthalenes. A decreasing trend in mean total PAHs from mollusks (134 ng g-1) to crustaceans (73.9 ng g-1) and to fishes (45.3 ng g-1) was noted. The spilled oil caused immediate negative impacts on the local seafood market, despite less than 3% of samples exhibited concentrations above levels of concern, revealing a low probability for human health risks. These findings demonstrate that governments must be prepared to provide not only science-based quick responses but also effective science communication for society upon environmental disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Matos Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE CEP.52171-900, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE CEP.52171-900, Brazil.
| | - Renato Silva Carreira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Química, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ CEP.22453-900, Brazil
| | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Arquitetura, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE CEP.50740-550, Brazil
| | - Pedro Palmeira Rocha
- Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco - IPA, Av. Gen. San Martin, 1371 - Bongi, Recife, PE CEP.50761-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco Marcante Santana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE CEP.52171-900, Brazil; Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Av. Gregório Ferraz Nogueira, s/n, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Arquitetura, S/N, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE CEP.50740-550, Brazil
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BONTEMPO FILHO EDUARDOB, COUTINHO ROBERTOQ, BARBOSA JOSÉANTONIO, BARCELLOS ROBERTOL, GIACHETI HERALDOLUIZ, RAMOS GERMANOMÁRIOS. Temporal monitoring of contamination in three sandy beaches from the 2019 oil spill near Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Northeastern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Moreira de Oliveira A, Alberto Teixeira C, Wang Hantao L. Evaluation of the retention profile in flow-modulated comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and independent component analysis of weathered heavy oils. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Lira ALDO, Craveiro N, da Silva FF, Rosa Filho JS. Effects of contact with crude oil and its ingestion by the symbiotic polychaete Branchiosyllis living in sponges (Cinachyrella sp.) following the 2019 oil spill on the tropical coast of Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149655. [PMID: 34419904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In August 2019, thousands of tons of crude oil from an unidentified source began washing up on the Brazilian coast, causing the most severe environmental disaster that has ever impacted the South Atlantic Ocean. Paiva beach, which has some of the best-preserved tropical coral reefs on the Brazilian coast, was one of the coastal environments most severely affected by this oil. We report on the impact of the disaster on the local population of the symbiotic polychaete Branchiosyllis spp. associated with the sponge Cinachyrella sp. Following the oil spill sponges were found with oil stains on their surface and in their channels, and oil droplets were identified among the grains of the sediment accumulated within these channels. During this same period, the polychaetes in sponges had oil droplets on the surface of the body or in their pharynxes. Solubility tests using mineral oil and Raman spectra indicated that these oil droplets, found in both the sponges and the polychaetes, had similar chemical characteristics to those of the crude oil that washed up on the beach. Following the disaster, the abundance of Branchiosyllis declined sharply, although there was no significant shift in the mean size of individuals. By December 2019, the density of polychaetes was significantly lower than in the preceding months (107.9 ± 28.31 ind.10 mL-1 of sponge in August 2019 vs. 18.62 ± 35.48 ind.10 mL-1 of sponge in December 2019). This abrupt reduction in abundance with no change in the mean size of the individuals indicates that mortality affected all size (age) classes similarly, which is typical of anthropogenic impacts rather than natural mortality. It is thus clear that the contamination of polychaetes with crude oil increased mortality, causing a significant reduction in the Branchiosyllis populations of the coral reefs of Paiva beach following the 2019 oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Laura de Oliveira Lira
- LaBen, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
| | - Nykon Craveiro
- LaBen, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Fausthon Fred da Silva
- LCCQS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus Universitário I, S/N, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- LaBen, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
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Gusmao JB, Albergaria-Barbosa ACR, Kikuchi RKP, Combi T. The barnacle Chthamalus bisinuatus is the only sessile invertebrate colonizing oil patches on beachrocks one year after a massive oil spill on the Northeastern Brazilian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:112952. [PMID: 34536707 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale oil spill has reached over 3000 km of the NE Brazilian coast since August 2019. The cause and origin of this spill remain mysterious, and the impacts on coastal ecosystems have not been clearly understood so far. Despite the efforts to remove the oil (mainly from local communities), oil stains are still present in beaches, mangroves, and beachrocks. In this short report, we describe the occurrence of the barnacle Chthamalus bisinuatus Pilsbry, 1916 colonizing oil spill stains on intertidal surfaces of beachrocks one year after the first oil records. We quickly assessed oil stains across three different reefs located at the Conde municipality, Bahia (NE Brazil), where the species was identified and its density on oil stains calculated. The occurrence of barnacles in oil stains was restricted to zones in the wake of the reefs. Their densities varied from 0 to 238 ind./dm2, with an average of 34 ± 68 ind./dm2. If we account for dead individuals (empty barnacle plates), they correspond to 25.9% of the sampled population. The presence of oil possibly affected barnacle survival rates but did not seem to prevent barnacle individuals from reaching adult sizes. We also found individuals of the snail Echinolittorina lineolata (d'Orbigny, 1840) crawling on these barnacles, indicating that the barnacle assemblages on oil stains are stable enough to provide refuge for these snails. It is not clear if the presence of barnacles on oil reflects the resistance of these crustaceans to the oil toxicity or is just a result of a low substrate selectivity by the cypris larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Bosco Gusmao
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil.
| | - Ana C R Albergaria-Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil
| | - Ruy Kenji P Kikuchi
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Combi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil.
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Zacharias DC, Gama CM, Harari J, da Rocha RP, Fornaro A. Mysterious oil spill on the Brazilian coast - Part 2: A probabilistic approach to fill gaps of uncertainties. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113085. [PMID: 34710672 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over 5000 tons of spilled oil reached the northeast coast of Brazil in 2019. The Laboratory for Computational Methods in Engineering (LAMCE/COPPE/UFRJ) employed time-reverse modeling and identify multiple potential source areas. As time-reverse modeling has many uncertainties, this article carried out a methodology study to mitigate them. A probabilistic modeling using Monte Carlo approach was developed to test these source areas with the Spill, Transport, and Fate Model (STFM) and a scenario tree methodology was used to select possible spill scenarios. To estimate the performance of Lagrangian models, two new model performance evaluations were added to Chang and Hanna (2004). The combination of probabilistic simulations, scenario tree analysis, and model performance evaluation proved to be a powerful tool for mitigating the uncertainties of time-reverse modeling, yielding good results and simple implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Constantino Zacharias
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Carine Malagolini Gama
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Joseph Harari
- Departamento de Oceanografia Física, Química e Geológica, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rosmeri Porfirio da Rocha
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Adalgiza Fornaro
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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Maia Cardoso CK, Mattedi S, Lobato AKDCL, Andrade Moreira ÍT. Remediation of petroleum contaminated saline water using value-added adsorbents derived from waste coconut fibres. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130562. [PMID: 34134407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oil spill from petrochemical industries into marine areas has resulted in severe environmental pollution. The use of natural sorbents to clean marine areas affected by petroleum contaminants is a promising approach to alleviate this problem. Therefore, this study aims at developing an technique that uses waste coconut fibres (Cocos nucifera L.) pre-treated with a "green" solvent, viz. protic ionic liquid (PIL) [2-HEA][Ac], for the remediation of oil in saline water. Conventional chemical pre-treatments (mercerisation/acetylation) and the innovative treatment (using PIL), chemical characterisation, Scanning Electron Microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and oil sorption tests in hydrodynamic simulation on a laboratory scale were conducted. The fibres treated with PIL[2-HEA][Ac] possessed more pores and hydrophobic content than the mercerised/acetylated coconut fibres, indicating the efficiency of sorption. The average sorption of the PIL[2-HEA][Ac] fibre was 1.40 ± 0.06 g/g and that of the mercerised/acetylated fibre was 1.32 ± 0.12 g/g. Although the difference in sorption results is not significant, according to the Tukey test, fibre pre-treatment with PIL[2-HEA][Ac] is more advantageous than conventional treatments because it exhibits better average sorption results; furthermore, the synthesis procedure for PIL[2-HEA][Ac] is simple, reusable and non-toxic. Therefore, the use of these petroleum biosorbents is a technology with environmental benefits, such as the availability of the biosorbent in the form of biodegradable waste and treated with a "green" solvent, both of which can be reused. Thus, it adds value for its use in industries with a circular economy product; that are environment-friendly and economical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Karina Maia Cardoso
- Federal University of Bahia, Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, R. Prof. Aristídes Novis, 2- Federação, Salvador - BA, 2nd floor, 40210-630, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Silvana Mattedi
- Federal University of Bahia, Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, R. Prof. Aristídes Novis, 2- Federação, Salvador - BA, 2nd floor, 40210-630, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Katerine de Carvalho Lima Lobato
- Federal University of Bahia, Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, R. Prof. Aristídes Novis, 2- Federação, Salvador - BA, 2nd floor, 40210-630, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Salvador University, R. Dr. José Peroba, 251 - Stiep, Salvador - BA, 41770-235, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ícaro Thiago Andrade Moreira
- Federal University of Bahia, Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, R. Prof. Aristídes Novis, 2- Federação, Salvador - BA, 2nd floor, 40210-630, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Federal University of Bahia, Department of Environmental Engineering, Prof. Aristídes Novis, 2- Federação, Salvador - BA, 4th floor, 40210-630, Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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Campelo RPDS, Lima CDMD, de Santana CS, Jonathan da Silva A, Neumann-Leitão S, Ferreira BP, Soares MDO, Melo Júnior MD, Melo PAMDC. Oil spills: The invisible impact on the base of tropical marine food webs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112281. [PMID: 33826988 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Brazilian oil spill, from August 2019 to January 2020, was considered the most extensive accident in tropical oceans. We estimated the concentration of oil droplets that may be available for ingestion by microzooplankton. The collection was carried out in three areas: estuarine plume, bay and reef (Tamandaré, Pernambuco coast). We highlight the contribution of coral larvae in the reef region, surpassing the copepods, evidencing a spawning event. Oil droplets were recorded in all the sampled areas, with a high numerical abundance in the plume. Traces of oil ingestion by Brachyura zoea and Calanoida, Paracalanidae and Oithonidae copepods were observed, suggesting that these groups might have an important role in the degradation and final destination of oil dispersed after spills. The vulnerability of the larval phases of crabs and reef-building corals has been hypothesized, suggesting that the negative effects of oil on zooplankton can affect the recruitment of benthic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alef Jonathan da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sigrid Neumann-Leitão
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Cerdanyolla del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; DISTEBA, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro de Melo Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Magalhães KM, Barros KVDS, Lima MCSD, Rocha-Barreira CDA, Rosa Filho JS, Soares MDO. Oil spill + COVID-19: A disastrous year for Brazilian seagrass conservation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142872. [PMID: 33127134 PMCID: PMC7568772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the greatest global public health threat of the 21st century. Additionally, it has been challenging for the Brazilian shores that were recently (2019/2020) affected by the most extensive oil spill in the tropical oceans. Monitoring programs and studies about the economic, social and ecological consequences of the oil disaster were being carried out when the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic was declared, which has heavily affected Brazil. For Brazilian seagrasses conservation, this scenario is especially challenging. An estimated area of +325 km2 seagrass meadows was affected by the 2019 oil spill. However, this area is undoubtedly underestimated since seagrasses have not yet been adequately mapped along the 9000 km-long Brazilian coast. In addition to scientific budget cuts, the flexibilization of public and environmental policies in recent years and absence of systematic field surveys due to COVID-19 has increased the underestimation of affected seagrass areas and ecosystem service losses due to the oil spill. Efforts to understand and solve the oil spill crisis were forced to stop (or slow down) due to COVID-19 and the economic crisis, leaving ecosystems and society without answers or conditions to identify the source(s) that was/were responsible for this spill, mitigate the damage to poor communities, promote adequate impact assessment or restoration plans, or properly monitor the environment. Our results highlight that pandemic and large-scale environmental disasters may have had a synergistic effect on the economy (e.g., artisanal fisheries and tourism), public health and ecology, mainly due to government inaction, social inequality and poorly studied tropical ecosystems. The results of this study also demonstrate the need to analyze the short- and long-term impacts of the combined effects (oil spill + COVID-19) on the recovery of the economy and coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Matos Magalhães
- Área de Ecologia - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife CEP.52171-900, PE, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife CEP.52171-900, PE, Brazil.
| | - Kcrishna Vilanova de Souza Barros
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, Fortaleza CEP.60.165-081, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Santana de Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife CEP.52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Almeida Rocha-Barreira
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, Fortaleza CEP.60.165-081, CE, Brazil
| | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife CEP. 50740-550, PE, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, Fortaleza CEP.60.165-081, CE, Brazil; (Associated researcher), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Barcelona, Spain; (Visiting professor), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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Craveiro N, de Almeida Alves RV, da Silva JM, Vasconcelos E, de Almeida Alves-Junior F, Filho JSR. Immediate effects of the 2019 oil spill on the macrobenthic fauna associated with macroalgae on the tropical coast of Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112107. [PMID: 33550001 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 2019-2020 Brazil oil spill disaster affected several ecosystems and species-rich areas. The shallow-water reefs of Paiva beach are among the best-preserved coastal environments in the State of Pernambuco (NE Brazil), but were severely affected by oil arrival at the end of 2019. The reefs are densely covered by macroalgae as important biogenic substrates for benthic fauna. Based on that, herein, we provide a baseline assessment of the immediate impacts of the oil spill on the structure of epifaunal communities associated with the algae Jania capillacea and Penicillus capitatus. The benthic communities in both algae simplified (reduction of species richness and abundance) soon after oil arrival, while opportunistic taxa increased. After two months, the macrofaunal communities restructured to almost pre-disaster levels. However, polychaeta diversity remained low. Despite the apparently fast recovery of reef macrobenthos, a more detailed, long-term monitoring is necessary to evaluate the chronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nykon Craveiro
- Laboratório de Bentos (LaBen), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana Menezes da Silva
- Laboratório de Bentos (LaBen), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Edson Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Macroalgas (LaMacro), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- Laboratório de Bentos (LaBen), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
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Zacharias DC, Gama CM, Fornaro A. Mysterious oil spill on Brazilian coast: Analysis and estimates. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112125. [PMID: 33582423 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2019-2020, a mysterious oil spill reached a large part of the Brazilian coast. In order to contribute to the clarification part of these mysteries involving this accident, the present study aims to estimate the initial volume spilled using the STFM (Spill, Transport and Fate Model). We started from the hypothesis that the leak was caused by tanker buoyancy problems (hull rupture or engine failure), resulting in slow loss of part of its cargo (leaking or dumping) in the subsurface waters. The estimated volume (5000-12,500 m3) was similar to that expected in a continuous leak from an internal compartment tanker with the size between PANAMAX and SUEZMAX. This volume may have been the largest oil spill on the Brazilian coast since 2004, and it caused institutional and socioeconomic crisis because of the poor management of public resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Constantino Zacharias
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Carine Malagolini Gama
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Adalgiza Fornaro
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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32
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Shi Y, Xu Y, Jiang F, Sun Z, Wang G, Zeng Z, Gao C, Xue Q, Xue L. On-site marine oil spillage monitoring probes formed by fixing oxygen sensors into hydrophobic/oleophilic porous materials for early-stage spotty pollution warning. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21279-21290. [PMID: 35478813 PMCID: PMC9034058 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02931b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The oil spillage monitoring probe is developed by oxygen consumption sensor and hydrophobic/oleophilic porous materials. The oils could be monitored when they absorbed into the pores of the material to deplete the oxygen level inside the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Shi
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Yong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo
| | - Fei Jiang
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo
| | - Zhixiang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo
| | - Congjie Gao
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
| | - Qunji Xue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo
| | - Lixin Xue
- Center for Membrane Separation and Water Science & Technology
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- PR China
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Verâne J, Dos Santos NCP, da Silva VL, de Almeida M, de Oliveira OMC, Moreira ÍTA. Phytoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove sediments using Rhizophora mangle. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111687. [PMID: 33181957 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A phytoremediation experiment was carried out in mesocosms to investigate the performance of Rhizophora mangle in the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mangrove sediment contaminated with crude oil. The water pH of the experiments (phytoremediation and natural attenuation) ranged from 4.9 to 8.4 at 0 and 90 days, respectively. The oxy-reduction potential (Eh) ranged from oxidising (108.0 mV, time 0) to reducing (approximately -110.0 mV, time 90) environments. Dissolved oxygen (DO) ranged from 5.7 mg L-1 (time 0) to 4.5 mg L-1 and 3.6 mg L-1 (time 90) in phytoremediation and natural attenuation, respectively. The sediments had silty texture and an average concentration of 5% organic matter (OM). Phytoremediation (60.76%) showed better efficiency in the remediation of the 16 PAHs compared to natural attenuation (49.57%). Principal component analyses showed a correlation between the concentrations of PAHs with pH, Eh, OM and DO in both experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Verâne
- Geoscience Institute, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Street Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
| | - Naiara C P Dos Santos
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Street Prof. Aristídes Novis, 2, Federação, 40170290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Verônica L da Silva
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Street Prof. Aristídes Novis, 2, Federação, 40170290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Almeida
- Geoscience Institute, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Street Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Olívia M C de Oliveira
- Geoscience Institute, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Street Barão de Jeremoabo, s/n, 40170-290 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ícaro T A Moreira
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Street Prof. Aristídes Novis, 2, Federação, 40170290 Salvador, BA, Brazil.
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34
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Sensors, Features, and Machine Learning for Oil Spill Detection and Monitoring: A Review. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12203338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Remote sensing technologies and machine learning (ML) algorithms play an increasingly important role in accurate detection and monitoring of oil spill slicks, assisting scientists in forecasting their trajectories, developing clean-up plans, taking timely and urgent actions, and applying effective treatments to contain and alleviate adverse effects. Review and analysis of different sources of remotely sensed data and various components of ML classification systems for oil spill detection and monitoring are presented in this study. More than 100 publications in the field of oil spill remote sensing, published in the past 10 years, are reviewed in this paper. The first part of this review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of different sources of remotely sensed data used for oil spill detection. Necessary preprocessing and preparation of data for developing classification models are then highlighted. Feature extraction, feature selection, and widely used handcrafted features for oil spill detection are subsequently introduced and analyzed. The second part of this review explains the use and capabilities of different classical and developed state-of-the-art ML techniques for oil spill detection. Finally, an in-depth discussion on limitations, open challenges, considerations of oil spill classification systems using remote sensing, and state-of-the-art ML algorithms are highlighted along with conclusions and insights into future directions.
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