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Weiss D, Yeung N, Ramachandra AB, Humphrey JD. Transcriptional regulation of postnatal aortic development. Cells Dev 2024:203971. [PMID: 39426523 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
The aorta exhibits tremendous changes in geometry, composition, and mechanical properties during postnatal development. These changes are necessarily driven by transcriptional changes, both genetically programmed and mechano-responsive, but there has not been a careful comparison of time-course changes in the transcriptional profile and biomechanical phenotype. Here, we show that the greatest period of differential gene expression in the normal postnatal mouse aorta occurs prior to weaning at three weeks of age though with important evolution of many transcripts thereafter. We identify six general temporal patterns, including transcripts that monotonically decrease to lower or increase to higher steady state values as well as those that either peak or dip prior to or near weaning. We show that diverse transcripts within individual groupings correlate well over time, and that sub-sets of these groups correlate well with the developmental progression of different biomechanical metrics that are expected to be involved in mechano-sensing. In particular, expression of genes for elastin and elastin-associated glycoproteins tend to correlate well with the ratio of systolic-to-diastolic stress whereas genes for collagen fibers correlate well with the daily rate of change of systolic stress and genes for mechano-sensing proteins tend to correlate well with the systolic stress itself. We conclude that different groupings of genes having different temporal expression patterns correlate well with different measures of the wall mechanics, hence emphasizing a need for age-dependent, gene-specific computational modeling of postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - N Yeung
- School of the Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - A B Ramachandra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - J D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Dwivedi KK, Rother J, Wagenseil JE. Age- and sex-specific biomechanics and extracellular matrix remodeling of the ascending aorta in a mouse model of severe Marfan syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H1037-H1051. [PMID: 39212766 PMCID: PMC11482245 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00391.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is associated with Marfan syndrome (MFS), a connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in fibrillin-1. Sexual dimorphism has been recorded for TAA outcomes in MFS, but detailed studies on the differences in TAA progression in males and females and their relationships to outcomes have not been performed. The aims of this study were to determine sex differences in the diameter dilatation, mechanical properties, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling over time in a severe mouse model (Fbn1mgR/mgR = MU) of MFS-associated TAA that has a shortened life span. Male and female MU and wildtype (WT) mice were used at 1-4 mo of age. Blood pressure and in vivo diameters of the ascending thoracic aorta were recorded using a tail-cuff system and ultrasound imaging, respectively. Ex vivo mechanics and ECM remodeling of the aorta were characterized using a biaxial test system and multiphoton imaging, respectively. We showed that mechanical properties, such as structural and material stiffness, and ECM remodeling, such as elastic and collagen fiber content, correlated with diameter dilatation during TAA progression. Male MU mice had accelerated rates of diameter dilatation, stiffening, and ECM remodeling compared with female MU mice which may have contributed to their decreased life span. The correlation of mechanical properties and ECM remodeling with diameter dilatation suggests that they may be useful biomarkers for TAA progression. The differences in diameter dilatation and life spans in male and female MU mice indicate that sex is an important consideration for managing thoracic aortic aneurysm in MFS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a mouse model (Fbn1mgR/mgR = MU) of severe thoracic aortic aneurysm in Marfan syndrome (MFS), we found that male MU aorta had an accelerated time line and increased amounts of dilatation, stiffening, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling compared with female MU aorta that may have contributed to an increased risk of fatigue failure with cyclic loading over time and a reduced life span. We suggest that aortic stiffness may provide useful information for clinical management of aneurysms in MFS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Marfan Syndrome/complications
- Marfan Syndrome/metabolism
- Marfan Syndrome/physiopathology
- Marfan Syndrome/genetics
- Marfan Syndrome/pathology
- Female
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Male
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/etiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/diagnostic imaging
- Biomechanical Phenomena
- Sex Factors
- Mice
- Fibrillin-1/genetics
- Fibrillin-1/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling
- Age Factors
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Vascular Stiffness
- Adipokines
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Affiliation(s)
- Krashn Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jacob Rother
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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3
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Thomas R, Dhanekula AS, Byers P, Flodin R, DeRoo S, Shalhub S, Burke CR. Elective root replacement increases the risk of type B dissection in patients with Marfan syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024:S0022-5223(24)00834-1. [PMID: 39326730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder with increased risk of aortic dissection. Currently, type A aortic dissection risk is mitigated by aortic root replacement with Dacron. It is unclear if root replacement increases the risk of distal aortic disease given the noncompliant nature of Dacron. METHODS All adult patients with a diagnosis of Marfan syndrome at a single academic center, excluding those with history of dissection or concomitant arch repair, were studied (n = 322). Student t test or Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test was used for continuous variables; chi-square or Fisher exact test was used for categorical variables. Propensity matching used age, sex, hypertension, race, body mass index, family history of Marfan syndrome, and genetic mutational class. Differences in freedom from type B aortic dissection were determined using the log-rank test. RESULTS A total of 124 patients underwent root replacement compared with 198 patients with no prior aortic surgery. Median follow-up time was 9.90 years. Male sex, weight, and hypertension prevalence were higher in the root replacement group (P < .05). Distribution of fibrillin-1 mutations was homogenous (P > .9). Type B aortic dissection frequency in the root replacement group was higher (21% [n = 20] vs 4.2% [n = 4], P < .001). Aortic-related mortality was higher in the root replacement group (11% [n = 14] vs 3.5% [n = 7], P < .01). Distal aortic intervention frequency was higher in the root replacement group (P = .009). CONCLUSIONS Patients with Marfan syndrome who undergo elective aortic root replacement appear to have a higher incidence of subsequent type B aortic dissection, independent of other risk factors. Careful consideration must be made to the management of the distal aorta in patients with Marfan syndrome who undergo root replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Thomas
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wash
| | - Arjune S Dhanekula
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Peter Byers
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Rachel Flodin
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Scott DeRoo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Sherene Shalhub
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Christopher R Burke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
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4
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Franklin MK, Sawada H, Ito S, Howatt DA, Amioka N, Liang CL, Zhang N, Graf DB, Moorleghen JJ, Katsumata Y, Lu HS, Daugherty A. β-Aminopropionitrile Induces Distinct Pathologies in the Ascending and Descending Thoracic Aortic Regions of Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1555-1569. [PMID: 38779856 PMCID: PMC11209774 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a pharmacological inhibitor of LOX (lysyl oxidase) and LOXLs (LOX-like proteins). Administration of BAPN promotes aortopathies, although there is a paucity of data on experimental conditions to generate pathology. The objective of this study was to define experimental parameters and determine whether equivalent or variable aortopathies were generated throughout the aortic tree during BAPN administration in mice. METHODS BAPN was administered in drinking water for a period ranging from 1 to 12 weeks. The impacts of BAPN were first assessed with regard to BAPN dose, and mouse strain, age, and sex. BAPN-induced aortic pathological characterization was conducted using histology and immunostaining. To investigate the mechanistic basis of regional heterogeneity, the ascending and descending thoracic aortas were harvested after 1 week of BAPN administration before the appearance of overt pathology. RESULTS BAPN-induced aortic rupture predominantly occurred or originated in the descending thoracic aorta in young C57BL/6J or N mice. No apparent differences were found between male and female mice. For mice surviving 12 weeks of BAPN administration, profound dilatation was consistently observed in the ascending region, while there were more heterogeneous changes in the descending thoracic region. Pathological features were distinct between the ascending and descending thoracic regions. Aortic pathology in the ascending region was characterized by luminal dilatation and elastic fiber disruption throughout the media. The descending thoracic region frequently had dissections with false lumen formation, collagen deposition, and remodeling of the wall surrounding the false lumen. Cells surrounding the false lumen were predominantly positive for α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin). One week of BAPN administration compromised contractile properties in both regions equivalently, and RNA sequencing did not show obvious differences between the 2 aortic regions in smooth muscle cell markers, cell proliferation markers, and extracellular components. CONCLUSIONS BAPN-induced pathologies show distinct, heterogeneous features within and between ascending and descending aortic regions in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aminopropionitrile/toxicity
- Aminopropionitrile/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Female
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Disease Models, Animal
- Aortic Rupture/chemically induced
- Aortic Rupture/pathology
- Aortic Rupture/metabolism
- Aortic Rupture/prevention & control
- Mice
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Age Factors
- Time Factors
- Sex Factors
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Sohei Ito
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Deborah A. Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Naofumi Amioka
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Ching-Ling Liang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Nancy Zhang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - David B. Graf
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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5
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Stefens SJM, van Vliet N, IJpma A, Burger J, Li Y, van Heijningen PM, Lindeman JHN, Majoor-Krakauer D, Verhagen HJM, Kanaar R, Essers J, van der Pluijm I. Increased vascular smooth muscle cell senescence in aneurysmal Fibulin-4 mutant mice. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:31. [PMID: 38902222 PMCID: PMC11189919 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are dilatations of the aorta that can rupture when left untreated. We used the aneurysmal Fibulin-4R/R mouse model to further unravel the underlying mechanisms of aneurysm formation. RNA sequencing of 3-month-old Fibulin-4R/R aortas revealed significant upregulation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors and key senescence factors, indicating the involvement of senescence. Analysis of aorta histology and of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro confirmed the senescent phenotype of Fibulin-4R/R VSMCs by revealing increased SA-β-gal, p21, and p16 staining, increased IL-6 secretion, increased presence of DNA damage foci and increased nuclei size. Additionally, we found that p21 luminescence was increased in the dilated aorta of Fibulin-4R/R|p21-luciferase mice. Our studies identify a cellular aging cascade in Fibulin-4 aneurysmal disease, by revealing that Fibulin-4R/R aortic VSMCs have a pronounced SASP and a senescent phenotype that may underlie aortic wall degeneration. Additionally, we demonstrated the therapeutic effect of JAK/STAT and TGF-β pathway inhibition, as well as senolytic treatment on Fibulin-4R/R VSMCs in vitro. These findings can contribute to improved therapeutic options for aneurysmal disease aimed at reducing senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J M Stefens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne IJpma
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Burger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yunlei Li
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paula M van Heijningen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H N Lindeman
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hence J M Verhagen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Franklin MK, Sawada H, Ito S, Howatt DA, Amioka N, Liang CL, Zhang N, Graf DB, Moorleghen JJ, Katsumata Y, Lu HS, Daugherty A. β-aminopropionitrile Induces Distinct Pathologies in the Ascending and Descending Thoracic Aortic Regions of Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.22.563474. [PMID: 37886537 PMCID: PMC10602045 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.22.563474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a pharmacological inhibitor of lysyl oxidase and lysyl oxidase-like proteins. Administration of BAPN promotes aortopathies, although there is a paucity of data on experimental conditions to generate pathology. The objective of this study was to define experimental parameters and determine whether equivalent or variable aortopathies were generated throughout the aortic tree during BAPN administration in mice. METHODS BAPN was administered in drinking water for a period ranging from 1 to 12 weeks. The impacts of BAPN were first assessed with regard to dose, strain, age, and sex. BAPN-induced aortic pathological characterization was conducted using histology and immunostaining. To investigate the mechanistic basis of regional heterogeneity, ascending and descending thoracic aortas were harvested after one week of BAPN administration before the appearance of overt pathology. RESULTS BAPN-induced aortic rupture predominantly occurred or originated in the descending thoracic aorta in young C57BL/6J or N mice. No apparent differences were found between male and female mice. For mice surviving 12 weeks of BAPN administration, profound dilatation was consistently observed in the ascending region, while there were more heterogeneous changes in the descending thoracic region. Pathological features were distinct between the ascending and descending thoracic regions. Aortic pathology in the ascending region was characterized by luminal dilatation and elastic fiber disruption throughout the media. The descending thoracic region frequently had dissections with false lumen formation, collagen deposition, and remodeling of the wall surrounding the false lumen. Cells surrounding the false lumen were predominantly positive for α-smooth muscle actin. One week of BAPN administration compromised contractile properties in both regions equivalently, and RNA sequencing did not show obvious differences between the two aortic regions in smooth muscle cell markers, cell proliferation markers, and extracellular components. CONCLUSIONS BAPN-induced pathologies show distinct, heterogeneous features within and between ascending and descending aortic regions in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Sohei Ito
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Deborah A. Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Naofumi Amioka
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Ching-Ling Liang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Nancy Zhang
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - David B. Graf
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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7
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Wang T, Lu P, Wan Z, He Z, Cheng S, Zhou Y, Liao S, Wang M, Wang T, Shu C. Adaptation process of decellularized vascular grafts as hemodialysis access in vivo. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae029. [PMID: 38638701 PMCID: PMC11026144 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous grafts (AVGs) have emerged as the preferred option for constructing hemodialysis access in numerous patients. Clinical trials have demonstrated that decellularized vascular graft exhibits superior patency and excellent biocompatibility compared to polymer materials; however, it still faces challenges such as intimal hyperplasia and luminal dilation. The absence of suitable animal models hinders our ability to describe and explain the pathological phenomena above and in vivo adaptation process of decellularized vascular graft at the molecular level. In this study, we first collected clinical samples from patients who underwent the construction of dialysis access using allogeneic decellularized vascular graft, and evaluated their histological features and immune cell infiltration status 5 years post-transplantation. Prior to the surgery, we assessed the patency and intimal hyperplasia of the decellularized vascular graft using non-invasive ultrasound. Subsequently, in order to investigate the in vivo adaptation of decellularized vascular grafts in an animal model, we attempted to construct an AVG model using decellularized vascular grafts in a small animal model. We employed a physical-chemical-biological approach to decellularize the rat carotid artery, and histological evaluation demonstrated the successful removal of cellular and antigenic components while preserving extracellular matrix constituents such as elastic fibers and collagen fibers. Based on these results, we designed and constructed the first allogeneic decellularized rat carotid artery AVG model, which exhibited excellent patency and closely resembled clinical characteristics. Using this animal model, we provided a preliminary description of the histological features and partial immune cell infiltration in decellularized vascular grafts at various time points, including Day 7, Day 21, Day 42, and up to one-year post-implantation. These findings establish a foundation for further investigation into the in vivo adaptation process of decellularized vascular grafts in small animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zicheng Wan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Sheng Liao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Tianjian Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Institute of Vascular Diseases, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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8
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Pauka D, Poór VS, Maróti P, Told R, Tóth D, Tornóczky T, Molnár TF, Simon G. Biomechanical study on the effect of atherosclerosis on the vulnerability of thoracic aorta, and it's role in the development of traumatic aorta injury. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287652. [PMID: 37683010 PMCID: PMC10491303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic aorta injury (TAI) is the second most common traumatic cause of death preceded only by head injuries, being responsible for 5% to 30% of all mortalities in high-speed deceleration injuries. Multiple external factors might play a role such as impact speed, impact direction, occupant location, and presence or lack of restraining safety mechanism. Apart from these external factors, also human biological factors can influence its development. Based on the data of scientific literature, age clearly plays a role in suffering TAI, but the role of atherosclerosis-as a disease affecting the structure of the aorta-is unknown. Biomechanical properties of tissue samples of 104 aorta specimens removed during the autopsy from the posterior (Group 'A') and lateral wall (Group 'B') of descending aorta were analyzed. Specimens were examined by a Zwick/Roell Z5.0 biaxial tester. The Young's modulus (E (MPa)) was calculated using a linear regression procedure where the base of the elongation was the parallel length of the sample, the achieved maximal force (Fmax (N)), the elongation at the time of Fmax (Lmax (mm)), the force at the beginning of rupture (Fbreak (N)), the elongation at the time of Fbreak (Lbreak (mm)) were registered. Specimens were categorized based on macroscopic and microscopic appearance. In the posterior (A) samples the difference between Lbreak (p<0.001) and Lmax (p<0.001) was significant between the macroscopic group. Lbreak (p = 0.009) and Lmax (p = 0.003) showed similar pattern in the lateral (B) samples. Comparing the histological groups by the measured parameters (Fmax, Lmax, Fbreak, Lbreak) showed a significant difference in the means (p<0.001, p = 0.003, p<0.001 respectively). The study demonstrated that atherosclerosis decreases the resistance of the aorta. The rupture occurs at lower force (Fmax and Fbreak), and at shorter elongation (Lmax and Lbreak) in case of the presence of atherosclerosis. This effect is most substantial if calcification is present: the resistance of aorta affected by calcification is only two-thirds on average compared to aorta affected by the early phase of atherosclerosis. This phenomenon can be clearly explained by the weakening structure of the tunica intima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes Pauka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktor Soma Poór
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Maróti
- 3D Printing & Visualisation Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Medical Skills Education and Innovation Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Roland Told
- 3D Printing & Visualisation Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dénes Tóth
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tornóczky
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás F. Molnár
- Department of Surgery, Petz A University Teaching Hospital, Győr, Hungary
- Medical Skills Education and Innovation Centre, Operational Medicine Group, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gábor Simon
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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9
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Nourian Z, Hong K, Li M, Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Martinez-Lemus LA, Clifford PS, Meininger GA, Hill MA. Postnatal development of extracellular matrix and vascular function in small arteries of the rat. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1210128. [PMID: 37649891 PMCID: PMC10464837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) is dominated by elastic fibers (elastin with fibrillin-rich microfibrils) and collagens. Current understanding of ECM protein development largely comes from studies of conduit vessels (e.g., aorta) while resistance vessel data are sparse. With an emphasis on elastin, we examined whether changes in postnatal expression of arteriolar wall ECM would correlate with development of local vasoregulatory mechanisms such as the myogenic response and endothelium-dependent dilation. Methods: Rat cerebral and mesenteric arteries were isolated at ages 3, 7, 11, 14, 19 days, 2 months, and 2 years. Using qPCR mRNA expression patterns were examined for elastin, collagen types I, II, III, IV, fibrillin-1, and -2, lysyl oxidase (LOX), and transglutaminase 2. Results: Elastin, LOX and fibrillar collagens I and III mRNA peaked at day 11-14 in both vasculatures before declining at later time-points. 3D confocal imaging for elastin showed continuous remodeling in the adventitia and the internal elastic lamina for both cerebral and mesenteric vessels. Myogenic responsiveness in cannulated cerebral arteries was detectable at day 3 with constriction shifted to higher intraluminal pressures by day 19. Myogenic responsiveness of mesenteric vessels appeared fully developed by day 3. Functional studies were performed to investigate developmental changes in endothelial-dependent dilation. Endothelial-dependent dilation to acetylcholine was less at day 3 compared to day 19 and at day 3 lacked an endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor component that was evident at day 19. Conclusion: Collectively, in the rat small artery structural remodeling and aspects of functional control continue to develop in the immediate postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nourian
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Li
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jorge A. Castorena-Gonzalez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Philip S. Clifford
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gerald A. Meininger
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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10
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Damay VA, Setiawan, Lesmana R, Akbar MR, Lukito AA, Tarawan VM, Martha JW, Nugroho J, Sugiharto S. Aerobic Exercise versus Electronic Cigarette in Vascular Aging Process: First Histological Insight. Int J Vasc Med 2023; 2023:8874599. [PMID: 37533734 PMCID: PMC10393525 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8874599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is related to vascular aging. However, the hazardous effect of e-cigarette is often debatable, with limited studies available. In contrast, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise is well known to decrease aortic stiffness. We provide novel research to determine the effect of e-cigarette and aerobic moderate-intensity exercise on the aortic structure of Wistar rats. A total of 26 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) 8 weeks aged, 200-250 g b.w., were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely, K0 (normal rats), K1 (rats were given moderate-intensity aerobic exercise by animal treadmill 20 m/30 min), K2 (rats were given e-cigarette with 6 mg nicotine, 40% propylene glycol, and 60% vegetable glycerine 30 min for 5 days/week), and K3 (rats were given e-cigarette and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise). After exposure for 6 weeks, all animals were sacrificed to isolate the aorta for histopathological analysis with hematoxylin-eosin stain to evaluate the elastic fiber layer and intimal-medial thickness. The Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining was done for quantification elastic lamina fragmentation. Our study found that the e-cigarette group had the highest elastic lamina fragmentation among groups (8.14 ± 2.85). The exercise only group showed the lowest elastic lamina fragmentation (2.50 ± 1.87). Fragmentation in the e-cigarette and exercise group was higher than in the exercise only group (5.83 ± 0.753 vs. 2.50 ± 1.87, p = 0.002). There is a significant difference of NO serum between four groups. The result of post hoc analysis using LSD showed that there is a significant difference of NO serum between K0 and K2, K0 and K3, K1 and K2, and K1 and K3. Therefore, our research demonstrated that the most injury of aorta elastic lamina was in the group that was exposed to e-cigarette that leads to vascular aging while exercise is not yet proven to reverse this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito A. Damay
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Setiawan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Rizki Akbar
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Antonia Anna Lukito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Vita M. Tarawan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Januar W. Martha
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - J. Nugroho
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sony Sugiharto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Tarumanegara, Jakarta, Indonesia
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11
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Tanino R, Tsubata Y, Hotta T, Okimoto T, Amano Y, Takechi M, Tanaka T, Akita T, Nagase M, Yamashita C, Wada K, Isobe T. Characterization of a spontaneous mouse model of mild, accelerated aging via ECM degradation in emphysematous lungs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10740. [PMID: 37400563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emphysema limits airflow and causes irreversible progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Strain differences must be considered when selecting mouse models of COPD, owing to disease complexity. We previously reported that a novel C57BL/6JJcl substrain, the Mayumi-Emphysema (ME) mouse, exhibits spontaneous emphysema; however, the other characteristics remain unknown. We aimed to characterize the lungs of ME mice and determine their experimental availability as a model. ME mice had a lower body weight than the control C57BL/6JJcl mice, with a median survival time of ~80 weeks. ME mice developed diffused emphysema with respiratory dysfunction from 8 to 26 weeks of age, but did not develop bronchial wall thickening. Proteomic analyses revealed five extracellular matrix-related clusters in downregulated lung proteins in ME mice. Moreover, EFEMP2/fibulin-4, an essential extracellular matrix protein, was the most downregulated protein in the lungs of ME mice. Murine and human EFEMP2 were detected in the pulmonary artery. Furthermore, patients with mild COPD showed decreased EFEMP2 levels in the pulmonary artery when compared to those without COPD. The ME mouse is a model of mild, accelerated aging with low-inflammatory emphysema and respiratory dysfunction that progresses with age and pulmonary EFEMP2 decrease, similar to that observed in patients with mild COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tanino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yukari Tsubata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Takamasa Hotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Tamio Okimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Amano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Takechi
- Department of Experimental Animals, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tanaka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Contemporary Life Science, Chugoku Gakuen University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Mamiko Nagase
- Department of Organ Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Koichiro Wada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Isobe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan
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12
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Lin CP, Huang PH, Chen CY, Tzeng IS, Wu MY, Chen JS, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Tributyrin Intake Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in LDLR-/- Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098008. [PMID: 37175712 PMCID: PMC10178859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a multifactorial cardiovascular disease with a high risk of death, and it occurs in the infrarenal aorta with vascular dilatation. High blood pressure acts on the aortic wall, resulting in rupture and causing life-threatening intra-abdominal hemorrhage. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysregulation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, especially elastin breaks, contribute to structural changes in the aortic wall. The pathogenesis of AAA includes the occurrence of oxidative stress, inflammatory cell infiltration, elastic fiber fragmentation, VSMC apoptosis, and phenotypic transformation. Tributyrin (TB) is decomposed by intestinal lipase and has a function similar to that of butyrate. Whether TB has a protective effect against AAA remains uncertain. In the present study, we established an AAA murine model by angiotensin II (AngII) induction in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-/-) mice and investigated the effects of orally administered TB on the AAA size, ratio of macrophage infiltration, levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, and epigenetic regulation. TB attenuates AngII-induced AAA size and decreases elastin fragmentation, macrophage infiltration, and MMP expression in the medial layer of the aorta and reduces the levels of SBP (systolic blood pressure, p < 0.001) and MMP-2 (p < 0.02) in the serum. TB reduces the AngII-stimulated expression levels of MMP2 (p < 0.05), MMP9 (p < 0.05), MMP12, and MMP14 in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Moreover, TB and valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, suppress AngII receptor type 1 (AT1R, p < 0.05) activation and increase the expression of acetyl histone H3 by HDAC activity inhibition (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that TB exerts its protective effect by suppressing the activation of HDAC to attenuate the AngII-induced AT1R signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Pei Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Department of Critical Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - I-Shiang Tzeng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shiong Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology & Healthcare and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Division of Cardiology & Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei 11220, Taiwan
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13
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Trębacz H, Barzycka A. Mechanical Properties and Functions of Elastin: An Overview. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030574. [PMID: 36979509 PMCID: PMC10046833 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tissues must be elastic, much like other materials that work under continuous loads without losing functionality. The elasticity of tissues is provided by elastin, a unique protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammals. Its function is to endow soft tissues with low stiffness, high and fully reversible extensibility, and efficient elastic-energy storage. Depending on the mechanical functions, the amount and distribution of elastin-rich elastic fibers vary between and within tissues and organs. The article presents a concise overview of the mechanical properties of elastin and its role in the elasticity of soft tissues. Both the occurrence of elastin and the relationship between its spatial arrangement and mechanical functions in a given tissue or organ are overviewed. As elastin in tissues occurs only in the form of elastic fibers, the current state of knowledge about their mechanical characteristics, as well as certain aspects of degradation of these fibers and their mechanical performance, is presented. The overview also outlines the latest understanding of the molecular basis of unique physical characteristics of elastin and, in particular, the origin of the driving force of elastic recoil after stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Trębacz
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Angelika Barzycka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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14
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Yokoyama U, Oka S, Saito J. Molecular mechanisms regulating extracellular matrix-mediated remodeling in the ductus arteriosus. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151716. [PMID: 36906477 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Progressive remodeling throughout the fetal and postnatal period is essential for anatomical closure of the ductus arteriosus (DA). Internal elastic lamina interruption and subendothelial region widening, elastic fiber formation impairment in the tunica media, and intimal thickening are distinctive features of the fetal DA. After birth, the DA undergoes further extracellular matrix-mediated remodeling. Based on the knowledge obtained from mouse models and human disease, recent studies revealed a molecular mechanism of DA remodeling. In this review, we focus on matrix remodeling and regulation of cell migration/proliferation associated with DA anatomical closure and discuss the role of prostaglandin E receptor 4 (EP4) signaling and jagged1-Notch signaling as well as myocardin, vimentin, and secretory components including tissue plasminogen activator, versican, lysyl oxidase, and bone morphogenetic proteins 9 and 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan 160-8402.
| | - Sayuki Oka
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan 160-8402
| | - Junichi Saito
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku 6-1-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan 160-8402
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15
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Liu YN, Lv X, Chen X, Yan M, Guo LC, Liu G, Yao L, Jiang HF. Specific Overexpression of YAP in Vascular Smooth Muscle Attenuated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation by Activating Elastic Fiber Assembly via LTBP4. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:65-76. [PMID: 35708897 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a fatal vascular disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AAA. Increasing evidence has shown that Yes-associated protein (YAP) is involved in diverse vascular diseases. However, the role of YAP in AAA remains unclear. The current study aimed to determine the role of YAP in AAA formation and the underlying mechanism. We found that YAP expression in VSMCs was markedly decreased in human and experimental AAA samples. Furthermore, VSMC-specific YAP overexpression prevented several pathogenic factor-induced AAA. Mechanistically, YAP overexpression in VSMCs promoted latent transforming growth factor-β binding protein 4 (LTBP4) expression, an important factor in elastic fiber assembly. Finally, silencing of LTBP4 in VSMCs abolished the protective role of YAP in AAA formation in vivo. Our results suggest that YAP promotes LTBP4-mediated elastic fibril assembly in VSMCs, which mitigates elastin degradation and AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune; The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune; The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Meng Yan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ling-Chuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 89 Donggang Road, Shijiazhuang, 050031, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liu Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Immune; The Province and Ministry Co-Sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Hong-Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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16
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Sawada H, Ohno-Urabe S, Ye D, Franklin MK, Moorleghen JJ, Howatt DA, Mullick AE, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Inhibition of the Renin-Angiotensin System Fails to Suppress β-Aminopropionitrile-Induced Thoracic Aortopathy in Mice-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1254-1261. [PMID: 36004642 PMCID: PMC9492637 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-linking of lysine residues in elastic and collagen fibers is a vital process in aortic development. Inhibition of lysyl oxidase by BAPN (β-aminopropionitrile) leads to thoracic aortopathies in mice. Although the renin-angiotensin system contributes to several types of thoracic aortopathies, it remains unclear whether inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system protects against aortopathy caused by the impairment of elastic fiber/collagen crosslinking. METHODS BAPN (0.5% wt/vol) was started in drinking water to induce aortopathies in male C57BL/6J mice at 4 weeks of age for 4 weeks. Five approaches were used to investigate the impact of the renin-angiotensin system. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to explore potential molecular mechanisms of BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies. RESULTS Losartan increased plasma renin concentrations significantly, compared with vehicle-infused mice, indicating effective angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition. However, losartan did not suppress BAPN-induced aortic rupture and dilatation. Since losartan is a surmountable inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system, irbesartan, an insurmountable inhibitor, was also tested. Although increased plasma renin concentrations indicated effective inhibition, irbesartan did not ameliorate aortic rupture and dilatation in BAPN-administered mice. Thus, BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies were refractory to angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade. Next, we inhibited angiotensin II production by pharmacological or genetic depletion of AGT (angiotensinogen), the unique precursor of angiotensin II. However, neither suppressed BAPN-induced thoracic aortic rupture and dilatation. Aortic RNA sequencing revealed molecular changes during BAPN administration that were distinct from other types of aortopathies in which angiotensin II type 1 receptor inhibition protects against aneurysm formation. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of either angiotensin II action or production of the renin-angiotensin system does not attenuate BAPN-induced thoracic aortopathies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Satoko Ohno-Urabe
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Dien Ye
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Michael K. Franklin
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jessica J. Moorleghen
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Deborah A. Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Saha Aortic Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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17
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Engineering Smooth Muscle to Understand Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Vascular Disease. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090449. [PMID: 36134994 PMCID: PMC9495899 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular smooth muscle is vital for regulating blood pressure and maintaining cardiovascular health, and the resident smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in blood vessel walls rely on specific mechanical and biochemical signals to carry out these functions. Any slight change in their surrounding environment causes swift changes in their phenotype and secretory profile, leading to changes in the structure and functionality of vessel walls that cause pathological conditions. To adequately treat vascular diseases, it is essential to understand how SMCs crosstalk with their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we summarize in vivo and traditional in vitro studies of pathological vessel wall remodeling due to the SMC phenotype and, conversely, the SMC behavior in response to key ECM properties. We then analyze how three-dimensional tissue engineering approaches provide opportunities to model SMCs’ response to specific stimuli in the human body. Additionally, we review how applying biomechanical forces and biochemical stimulation, such as pulsatile fluid flow and secreted factors from other cell types, allows us to study disease mechanisms. Overall, we propose that in vitro tissue engineering of human vascular smooth muscle can facilitate a better understanding of relevant cardiovascular diseases using high throughput experiments, thus potentially leading to therapeutics or treatments to be tested in the future.
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18
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Cyril D, Giugni A, Bangar SS, Mirzaeipoueinak M, Shrivastav D, Sharabi M, Tipper JL, Tavakoli J. Elastic Fibers in the Intervertebral Disc: From Form to Function and toward Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8931. [PMID: 36012198 PMCID: PMC9408956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts over the past 40 years, there is still a significant gap in knowledge of the characteristics of elastic fibers in the intervertebral disc (IVD). More studies are required to clarify the potential contribution of elastic fibers to the IVD (healthy and diseased) function and recommend critical areas for future investigations. On the other hand, current IVD in-vitro models are not true reflections of the complex biological IVD tissue and the role of elastic fibers has often been ignored in developing relevant tissue-engineered scaffolds and realistic computational models. This has affected the progress of IVD studies (tissue engineering solutions, biomechanics, fundamental biology) and translation into clinical practice. Motivated by the current gap, the current review paper presents a comprehensive study (from the early 1980s to 2022) that explores the current understanding of structural (multi-scale hierarchy), biological (development and aging, elastin content, and cell-fiber interaction), and biomechanical properties of the IVD elastic fibers, and provides new insights into future investigations in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Cyril
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Amelia Giugni
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Saie Sunil Bangar
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Melika Mirzaeipoueinak
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dipika Shrivastav
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mirit Sharabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ariel University, Ariel 407000, Israel
| | - Joanne L. Tipper
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Javad Tavakoli
- Centre for Health Technologies, School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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19
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Spronck B, Ramachandra AB, Moriyama L, Toczek J, Han J, Sadeghi MM, Humphrey JD. Deletion of matrix metalloproteinase-12 compromises mechanical homeostasis and leads to an aged aortic phenotype in young mice. J Biomech 2022; 141:111179. [PMID: 35759974 PMCID: PMC9585962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical homeostasis emerges following normal development of the arterial wall and requires thereafter a slow balanced degradation and deposition of extracellular matrix constituents within an unchanging mechanical state. Recent findings suggest that homeostasis is compromised in arterial aging, which contributes to the structural stiffening that is characteristic of aged central arteries. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have strong proteolytic activity and play fundamental roles in matrix turnover. Here, we use Mmp12-/- mice to examine effects of a potent metalloelastase, MMP-12, on the biomechanical phenotype of the thoracic and abdominal aorta in young and naturally aged mice. A key finding is that germline deletion of the gene (Mmp12) that encodes MMP-12 alters biomechanical properties from normal more in young adult than in older adult mice. Consequently, percent changes in biomechanical properties during aortic aging are greater in wild-type than in MMP-12 deficient mice, though with similar overall decreases in elastic energy storage and distensibility and increases in calculated pulse wave velocity. Reduced elastic energy storage compromises the ability of the aorta to augment antegrade and retrograde blood flow while an increased pulse wave velocity can adversely affect end organs, both conditions being characteristic of aortic aging in humans. In summary, MMP-12 is fundamental for establishing homeostatic values of biomechanical metrics in the aorta and its absence leads to a pre-aged aortic phenotype in young mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Spronck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Abhay B Ramachandra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren Moriyama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jakub Toczek
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinah Han
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mehran M Sadeghi
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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The Effect of Chronic Immunosuppressive Regimens Treatment on Aortal Media Morphology and the Balance between Matrix Metalloproteinases (mmp-2 and mmp-9) and Their Inhibitors in the Abdominal Aorta of Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116399. [PMID: 35681984 PMCID: PMC9180580 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs are widely and chronically used to avoid graft rejection in transplant recipients. However, they are also known to have organotoxic effects and can exert numerous side effects. The aim of this study was to assess whether the chronic treatment of rats with the most commonly used clinical immunosuppressive regimens in organ recipients had an effect on the morphology and function of the aorta. The rats were divided into five groups and each group was chronically treated with different sets of three immunosuppressive drugs (TRG, CRG, MRG, CMG, TMG) for 6 months. The changes were most profound in calcineurin inhibitor-based protocols. TMG protocol treatment was characterized by the most numerous alterations such as morphological changes, changes in the thickness of the tunic media, wider distances between elastic lamellae, an increase in the number of vSMCs and changes in collagen deposition. We concluded that the morphological changes were connected with MMP-2 and MMP-9/TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 imbalances, which was also determined and noticed.
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21
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Lin CJ, Cocciolone AJ, Wagenseil JE. Elastin, arterial mechanics, and stenosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C875-C886. [PMID: 35196168 PMCID: PMC9037699 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00448.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is a long-lived extracellular matrix protein that is organized into elastic fibers that provide elasticity to the arterial wall, allowing stretch and recoil with each cardiac cycle. By forming lamellar units with smooth muscle cells, elastic fibers transduce tissue-level mechanics to cell-level changes through mechanobiological signaling. Altered amounts or assembly of elastic fibers leads to changes in arterial structure and mechanical behavior that compromise cardiovascular function. In particular, genetic mutations in the elastin gene (ELN) that reduce elastin protein levels are associated with focal arterial stenosis, or narrowing of the arterial lumen, such as that seen in supravalvular aortic stenosis and Williams-Beuren syndrome. Global reduction of Eln levels in mice allows investigation of the tissue- and cell-level arterial mechanical changes and associated alterations in smooth muscle cell phenotype that may contribute to stenosis formation. A loxP-floxed Eln allele in mice highlights cell type- and developmental origin-specific mechanobiological effects of reduced elastin amounts. Eln production is required in distinct cell types for elastic layer formation in different parts of the mouse vasculature. Eln deletion in smooth muscle cells from different developmental origins in the ascending aorta leads to characteristic patterns of vascular stenosis and neointima. Dissecting the mechanobiological signaling associated with local Eln depletion and subsequent smooth muscle cell response may help develop new therapeutic interventions for elastin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Lin
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri,2Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Austin J. Cocciolone
- 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jessica E. Wagenseil
- 4Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
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22
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Rastogi V, Stefens SJM, Houwaart J, Verhagen HJM, de Bruin JL, van der Pluijm I, Essers J. Molecular Imaging of Aortic Aneurysm and Its Translational Power for Clinical Risk Assessment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:814123. [PMID: 35492343 PMCID: PMC9051391 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.814123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms (AAs) are dilations of the aorta, that are often fatal upon rupture. Diagnostic radiological techniques such as ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) are currently used in clinical practice for early diagnosis as well as clinical follow-up for preemptive surgery of AA and prevention of rupture. However, the contemporary imaging-based risk prediction of aneurysm enlargement or life-threatening aneurysm-rupture remains limited as these are restricted to visual parameters which fail to provide a personalized risk assessment. Therefore, new insights into early diagnostic approaches to detect AA and therefore to prevent aneurysm-rupture are crucial. Multiple new techniques are developed to obtain a more accurate understanding of the biological processes and pathological alterations at a (micro)structural and molecular level of aortic degeneration. Advanced anatomical imaging combined with molecular imaging, such as molecular MRI, or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT provides novel diagnostic approaches for in vivo visualization of targeted biomarkers. This will aid in the understanding of aortic aneurysm disease pathogenesis and insight into the pathways involved, and will thus facilitate early diagnostic analysis of aneurysmal disease. In this study, we reviewed these molecular imaging modalities and their association with aneurysm growth and/or rupture risk and their limitations. Furthermore, we outline recent pre-clinical and clinical developments in molecular imaging of AA and provide future perspectives based on the advancements made within the field. Within the vastness of pre-clinical markers that have been studied in mice, molecular imaging targets such as elastin/collagen, albumin, matrix metalloproteinases and immune cells demonstrate promising results regarding rupture risk assessment within the pre-clinical setting. Subsequently, these markers hold potential as a future diagnosticum of clinical AA assessment. However currently, clinical translation of molecular imaging is still at the onset. Future human trials are required to assess the effectivity of potentially viable molecular markers with various imaging modalities for clinical rupture risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinamr Rastogi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne J. M. Stefens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith Houwaart
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hence J. M. Verhagen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jorg L. de Bruin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeroen Essers
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23
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Bishawi M, Lee FH, Abraham DM, Glass C, Blocker SJ, Cox DJ, Brown ZD, Rockman HA, Mao L, Slaba TC, Dewhirst MW, Truskey GA, Bowles DE. Late onset cardiovascular dysfunction in adult mice resulting from galactic cosmic ray exposure. iScience 2022; 25:104086. [PMID: 35378858 PMCID: PMC8976132 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and inaccessible space radiation environment poses an unresolved risk to astronaut cardiovascular health during long-term space exploration missions. To model this risk, healthy male c57BL/6 mice aged six months (corresponding to an astronaut of 34 years) were exposed to simplified galactic cosmic ray (GCR5-ion; 5-ion sim) irradiation at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory (NSRL) at Brookhaven National Laboratories (BNL). Multi-modal cardiovascular functional assessments performed longitudinally and terminally revealed significant impairment in cardiac function in mice exposed to GCR5-ion compared to unirradiated controls, gamma irradiation, or single mono-energetic ions (56Fe or 16O). GCR5-ion-treated mice exhibited increased arterial elastance likely mediated by disruption of elastin fibers. This study suggests that a single exposure to GCR5-ion is associated with deterioration in cardiac structure and function that becomes apparent long after exposure, likely associated with increased morbidity and mortality. These findings represent important health considerations when preparing for successful space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muath Bishawi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, MRSB1 Rm. 421b, 203 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Franklin H. Lee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, MRSB1 Rm. 421b, 203 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dennis M. Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Carolyn Glass
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Daniel J. Cox
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, MRSB1 Rm. 421b, 203 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zachary D. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, MRSB1 Rm. 421b, 203 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Howard A. Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lan Mao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tony C. Slaba
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA
| | - Mark W. Dewhirst
- Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - George A. Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Dawn E. Bowles
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, MRSB1 Rm. 421b, 203 Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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24
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Bandzerewicz A, Gadomska-Gajadhur A. Into the Tissues: Extracellular Matrix and Its Artificial Substitutes: Cell Signalling Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:914. [PMID: 35269536 PMCID: PMC8909573 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of orderly structures, such as tissues and organs is made possible by cell adhesion, i.e., the process by which cells attach to neighbouring cells and a supporting substance in the form of the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is a three-dimensional structure composed of collagens, elastin, and various proteoglycans and glycoproteins. It is a storehouse for multiple signalling factors. Cells are informed of their correct connection to the matrix via receptors. Tissue disruption often prevents the natural reconstitution of the matrix. The use of appropriate implants is then required. This review is a compilation of crucial information on the structural and functional features of the extracellular matrix and the complex mechanisms of cell-cell connectivity. The possibilities of regenerating damaged tissues using an artificial matrix substitute are described, detailing the host response to the implant. An important issue is the surface properties of such an implant and the possibilities of their modification.
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25
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Zhong X, Luo Y, Zhou D, Liu M, Zhou J, Xu R, Zeng S. Maturation Fetus Ascending Aorta Elastic Properties: Circumferential Strain and Longitudinal Strain by Velocity Vector Imaging. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:840494. [PMID: 35295253 PMCID: PMC8918822 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.840494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the circumferential and longitudinal strain of the fetal ascending aortic (AA) wall and establish a gestational age-associated longitudinal reference for aortic wall strain during the second half of pregnancy.MethodsSingleton fetuses with gestational age (GA) at 20 + 0 to 24 + 6 weeks were prospectively collected from a low-risk population. Global circumferential strain (GCS) and mean longitudinal strain (MLS) of the ascending aorta were measured serially at 4-week intervals using the velocity vector imaging (VVI) technique. Fractional polynomials were conducted to obtain the best-fitting curves between GA and AA strains. GA-specific reference percentiles of GCS and MLS were established by multilevel modeling.ResultsA total of 223 fetuses with a total of 1,127 serial observations were enrolled. GCS presented a second-degree fractional polynomial smoothing regression along GA (R2 = 0.635, P < 0.05). Fetal aortic GCS remained unchanged at ~27.29% (20.36–35.6%) before 31 weeks and increased significantly from 31.36% (26.38–37.12%) at 31 weeks to 43.29% (30.5–56.78%) at term. MLS presented a third-degree fractional polynomial smoothing regression along GA (R2 = 0.465, P < 0.05). MLS remained steady at ~10.03% (3.28–17.62%) between 20 and 31 weeks and then increased significantly from 12.68% (7.42–20.1%) at 32 weeks to 17.5% (9.67–25.34%) at term. The GCS was significantly higher than the MLS in the ascending aorta wall (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe fetal ascending aorta wall demonstrates obviously greater circumferential strain than longitudinal strain. Both strains remained steady before the late trimester and then gradually increased until delivery, suggesting progressive maturation of aortic elasticity mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Yuanchen Luo
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Ran Xu
| | - Shi Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shi Zeng
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26
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Rodrigues-Díez Raul R, Tejera-Muñoz A, Esteban V, Steffensen Lasse B, Rodrigues-Díez R, Orejudo M, Rayego-Mateos S, Falke Lucas L, Cannata-Ortiz P, Ortiz A, Egido J, Mallat Z, Briones Ana M, Bajo Maria A, Goldschmeding R, Ruiz-Ortega M. CCN2 (Cellular Communication Network Factor 2) Deletion Alters Vascular Integrity and Function Predisposing to Aneurysm Formation. Hypertension 2021; 79:e42-e55. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
CCN2 (cellular communication network factor 2) is a matricellular protein involved in cell communication and microenvironmental signaling responses. CCN2 is known to be overexpressed in several cardiovascular diseases, but its role is not completely understood.
Methods:
Here, CCN2 involvement in aortic wall homeostasis and response to vascular injury was investigated in inducible
Ccn2
-deficient mice, with induction of vascular damage by infusion of Ang II (angiotensin II; 15 days), which is known to upregulate CCN2 expression in the aorta.
Results:
Ang II infusion in CCN2-silenced mice lead to 60% mortality within 10 days due to rapid development and rupture of aortic aneurysms, as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging, echography, and histological examination.
Ccn2
deletion decreased systolic blood pressure and caused aortic structural and functional changes, including elastin layer disruption, smooth muscle cell alterations, augmented distensibility, and increased metalloproteinase activity, which were aggravated by Ang II administration. Gene ontology analysis of RNA sequencing data identified aldosterone biosynthesis as one of the most enriched terms in CCN2-deficient aortas. Consistently, treatment with the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone before and during Ang II infusion reduced aneurysm formation and mortality, underscoring the importance of the aldosterone pathway in Ang II–induced aorta pathology.
Conclusions:
CCN2 is critically involved in the functional and structural homeostasis of the aorta and in maintenance of its integrity under Ang II–induced stress, at least, in part, by disruption of the aldosterone pathway. Thus, this study opens new avenues to future studies in disorders associated to vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Rodrigues-Díez Raul
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., A.T.-M., M.O., S.R.-M., M.R.-O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., M.O., S.R.-M., P.C.-O., A.O., A.B.M., M.R.-O.)
- Department of Pharmacology, UAM, Instituto de Investigación-Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Ciber Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D., M.B.A.)
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., A.T.-M., M.O., S.R.-M., M.R.-O.)
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, FIIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, Asma, Reacciones Adversas y Alérgicas Network. Madrid, Spain (V.E.)
| | - B. Steffensen Lasse
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (B.S.L.)
| | | | - Macarena Orejudo
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., A.T.-M., M.O., S.R.-M., M.R.-O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., M.O., S.R.-M., P.C.-O., A.O., A.B.M., M.R.-O.)
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., A.T.-M., M.O., S.R.-M., M.R.-O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., M.O., S.R.-M., P.C.-O., A.O., A.B.M., M.R.-O.)
| | - L. Falke Lucas
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.F.L.)
| | - Pablo Cannata-Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., M.O., S.R.-M., P.C.-O., A.O., A.B.M., M.R.-O.)
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain (P.C.-O., A.O., J.E., R.G.)
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., M.O., S.R.-M., P.C.-O., A.O., A.B.M., M.R.-O.)
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain (P.C.-O., A.O., J.E., R.G.)
| | - Jesus Egido
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain (P.C.-O., A.O., J.E., R.G.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain (J.E.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, France, Cambridge, United Kingdom (Z.M.)
| | - M. Briones Ana
- Department of Pharmacology, UAM, Instituto de Investigación-Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Ciber Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D., M.B.A.)
| | - Auxiliadora Bajo Maria
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., M.O., S.R.-M., P.C.-O., A.O., A.B.M., M.R.-O.)
- Department of Nephrology, Instituto de Investigación-Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain (A.B.M.)
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain (P.C.-O., A.O., J.E., R.G.)
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., A.T.-M., M.O., S.R.-M., M.R.-O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (R.R.-D.R., M.O., S.R.-M., P.C.-O., A.O., A.B.M., M.R.-O.)
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Increased Risk of Aortic Dissection with Perlecan Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010315. [PMID: 35008739 PMCID: PMC8745340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Perlecan (HSPG2), a basement membrane-type heparan sulfate proteoglycan, has been implicated in the development of aortic tissue. However, its role in the development and maintenance of the aortic wall remains unknown. Perlecan-deficient mice (Hspg2−/−-Tg: Perl KO) have been found to show a high frequency (15–35%) of aortic dissection (AD). Herein, an analysis of the aortic wall of Perl KO mice revealed that perlecan deficiency caused thinner and partially torn elastic lamina. Compared to the control aortic tissue, perlecan-deficient aortic tissue showed a significant decrease in desmosine content and an increase in soluble tropoelastin levels, implying the presence of immature elastic fibers in Perl KO mice. Furthermore, the reduced expression of the smooth muscle cell contractile proteins actin and myosin in perlecan-deficient aortic tissue may explain the risk of AD. This study showed that a deficiency in perlecan, which is localized along the elastic lamina and at the interface between elastin and fibrillin-1, increased the risk of AD, largely due to the immaturity of extracellular matrix in the aortic tissue. Overall, we proposed a new model of AD that considers the deficiency of extracellular molecule perlecan as a risk factor.
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28
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Cavinato C, Chen M, Weiss D, Ruiz-Rodríguez MJ, Schwartz MA, Humphrey JD. Progressive Microstructural Deterioration Dictates Evolving Biomechanical Dysfunction in the Marfan Aorta. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:800730. [PMID: 34977201 PMCID: PMC8716484 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.800730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medial deterioration leading to thoracic aortic aneurysms arises from multiple causes, chief among them mutations to the gene that encodes fibrillin-1 and leads to Marfan syndrome. Fibrillin-1 microfibrils associate with elastin to form elastic fibers, which are essential structural, functional, and instructional components of the normal aortic wall. Compromised elastic fibers adversely impact overall structural integrity and alter smooth muscle cell phenotype. Despite significant progress in characterizing clinical, histopathological, and mechanical aspects of fibrillin-1 related aortopathies, a direct correlation between the progression of microstructural defects and the associated mechanical properties that dictate aortic functionality remains wanting. In this paper, age-matched wild-type, Fbn1 C1041G/+, and Fbn1 mgR/mgR mouse models were selected to represent three stages of increasing severity of the Marfan aortic phenotype. Ex vivo multiphoton imaging and biaxial mechanical testing of the ascending and descending thoracic aorta under physiological loading conditions demonstrated that elastic fiber defects, collagen fiber remodeling, and cell reorganization increase with increasing dilatation. Three-dimensional microstructural characterization further revealed radial patterns of medial degeneration that become more uniform with increasing dilatation while correlating strongly with increased circumferential material stiffness and decreased elastic energy storage, both of which comprise aortic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cavinato
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Minghao Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dar Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Maria Jesús Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin A. Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Bocquet O, Tembely D, Rioult D, Terryn C, Romier B, Bennasroune A, Blaise S, Sartelet H, Martiny L, Duca L, Maurice P. Characterization of novel interactions with membrane NEU1 highlights new regulatory functions for the Elastin Receptor Complex in monocyte interaction with endothelial cells. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:206. [PMID: 34903296 PMCID: PMC8670255 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular aging is associated with remodeling of elastin, one of the main extracellular matrix component of the arterial wall, and production of elastin-derived peptides (EDP). These extracellular matrix degradation products have been shown to trigger biological activities through the elastin receptor complex (ERC) and data from the last decade have brought significant insights on the critical role played by its NEU1 subunit in the biological effects mediated by EDP and the ERC in vascular and metabolic diseases. RESULTS Using a proteomic approach, we previously identified new potential interaction partners of membrane NEU1. Here, we validated the interaction between NEU1 and the β2 integrin in human monocytes and show that binding of EDP to the ERC leads to desialylation of β2 integrin through NEU1. A similar action mechanism was identified in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) for intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Importantly, these effects were associated with a significant increase in monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and monocyte transendothelial migration. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that membrane NEU1 sialidase interacts and modulates the sialylation levels of the β2 integrin and ICAM-1 through the ERC in monocytes and endothelial cells, respectively, and suggest that EDP and the ERC, through this newly identified common mode of action governed by NEU1, may be important regulators of circulating monocyte recruitment to inflamed vascular sites. Moreover, by its ability to interact with and to modulate the sialylation of key membrane glycoproteins through NEU1, new biological functions are anticipated for EDP and the ERC in elastin remodeling-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bocquet
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire Et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes Et Naturelles, Moulin de La Housse, BP1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Dignê Tembely
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire Et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes Et Naturelles, Moulin de La Housse, BP1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Damien Rioult
- Plateau Technique Mobile de Cytométrie Environnementale MOBICYTE, URCA/INERIS, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes Et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Christine Terryn
- Plate-Forme Imagerie Cellulaire Et Tissulaire (PICT), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Médecine, Reims, France
| | - Béatrice Romier
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire Et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes Et Naturelles, Moulin de La Housse, BP1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Amar Bennasroune
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire Et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes Et Naturelles, Moulin de La Housse, BP1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Blaise
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire Et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes Et Naturelles, Moulin de La Housse, BP1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Hervé Sartelet
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire Et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes Et Naturelles, Moulin de La Housse, BP1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Laurent Martiny
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire Et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes Et Naturelles, Moulin de La Housse, BP1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Laurent Duca
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire Et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes Et Naturelles, Moulin de La Housse, BP1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France
| | - Pascal Maurice
- UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire Et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes Et Naturelles, Moulin de La Housse, BP1039, 51687, Reims cedex 2, France.
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Carvalho RM, Ferreira IMDESR, Miranda Jr F. Protein malnutrition during lactation affects thoracic aortic tunica media thickness in Wistar rat pups. Acta Cir Bras 2021; 36:e361008. [PMID: 34852134 PMCID: PMC8650804 DOI: 10.1590/acb361008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the morphological effects of a low-protein diet during maternal lactation on the offspring's thoracic aorta. METHODS Two female Wistar rats were mated with male of the same species at 4 months of age. Until the birth of the pups, all animals received commercial rat chow. After giving birth, the puerperal females were divided into two groups and adjusted the litter to five puppies per group: a control group that received commercial feed, and an experimental group whose diet included the same amount of calories, but 8% lower protein content. All animals' masses were measured throughout the lactation period, and the pups were euthanized after weaning at 21 days of age. The thoracic aorta was removed, histologically processed and stained with Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin for histomorphometric analysis of tunica media thickness. RESULTS Although both groups were born with similar body mass, during the 21 days of lactation the restricted protein group gained only 39% of the body mass of the control group. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that the restricted protein group had a significantly lower mean tunica media thickness than the control group. CONCLUSIONS A low-protein diet for nursing mothers influences mass gain and aortic tunica media thickness in their offspring.
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31
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The new generation fibers: a review of high performance and specialty fibers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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32
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Apelin expression deficiency in mice contributes to vascular stiffening by extracellular matrix remodeling of the aortic wall. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22278. [PMID: 34782679 PMCID: PMC8593139 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01735-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous recent studies have shown that in the continuum of cardiovascular diseases, the measurement of arterial stiffness has powerful predictive value in cardiovascular risk and mortality and that this value is independent of other conventional risk factors, such as age, cholesterol levels, diabetes, smoking, or average blood pressure. Vascular stiffening is often the main cause of arterial hypertension (AHT), which is common in the presence of obesity. However, the mechanisms leading to vascular stiffening, as well as preventive factors, remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of apelin deficiency on the vascular stiffening and wall remodeling of aorta in mice. This factor freed by visceral adipose tissue, is known for its homeostasic role in lipid and vascular metabolisms, or again in inflammation. We compared the level of metabolic markers, inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT), and aortic wall remodeling from functional and structural approaches in apelin-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice. Apelin-deficient mice were generated by knockout of the apelin gene (APL-KO). From 8 mice by groups, aortic stiffness was analyzed by pulse wave velocity measurements and by characterizations of collagen and elastic fibers. Mann-Whitney statistical test determined the significant data (p < 5%) between groups. The APL-KO mice developed inflammation, which was associated with significant remodeling of visceral WAT, such as neutrophil elastase and cathepsin S expressions. In vitro, cathepsin S activity was detected in conditioned medium prepared from adipose tissue of the APL-KO mice, and cathepsin S activity induced high fragmentations of elastic fiber of wild-type aorta, suggesting that the WAT secretome could play a major role in vascular stiffening. In vivo, remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen accumulation and elastolysis, was observed in the aortic walls of the APL-KO mice, with the latter associated with high cathepsin S activity. In addition, pulse wave velocity (PWV) and AHT were increased in the APL-KO mice. The latter could explain aortic wall remodeling in the APL-KO mice. The absence of apelin expression, particularly in WAT, modified the adipocyte secretome and facilitated remodeling of the ECM of the aortic wall. Thus, elastolysis of elastic fibers and collagen accumulation contributed to vascular stiffening and AHT. Therefore, apelin expression could be a major element to preserve vascular homeostasis.
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Zhu J, Yang G. H 2S signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling in cardiovascular diseases: A tale of tense relationship. Nitric Oxide 2021; 116:14-26. [PMID: 34428564 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network that not only provides mechanical support but also transduces essential molecular signals in organ functions. ECM is constantly remodeled to control tissue homeostasis, responsible for cell adhesion, cell migration, cell-to-cell communication, and cell differentiation, etc. The dysregulation of ECM components contributes to various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, fibrosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Aberrant ECM remodeling is initiated by various stress, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, ischemia, and mechanical stress, etc. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that exhibits a wide variety of cytoprotective and physiological functions through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Amounting research shows that H2S can attenuate aberrant ECM remodeling. In this review, we discussed the implications and mechanisms of H2S in the regulation of ECM remodeling in cardiovascular diseases, and highlighted the potential of H2S in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases through attenuating adverse ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechun Zhu
- School of Biological, Chemical & Forensic Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- School of Biological, Chemical & Forensic Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
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Hopper SE, Cuomo F, Ferruzzi J, Burris NS, Roccabianca S, Humphrey JD, Figueroa CA. Comparative Study of Human and Murine Aortic Biomechanics and Hemodynamics in Vascular Aging. Front Physiol 2021; 12:746796. [PMID: 34759837 PMCID: PMC8573132 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.746796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Aging has many effects on the cardiovascular system, including changes in structure (aortic composition, and thus stiffening) and function (increased proximal blood pressure, and thus cardiac afterload). Mouse models are often used to gain insight into vascular aging and mechanisms of disease as they allow invasive assessments that are impractical in humans. Translation of results from murine models to humans can be limited, however, due to species-specific anatomical, biomechanical, and hemodynamic differences. In this study, we built fluid-solid-interaction (FSI) models of the aorta, informed by biomechanical and imaging data, to compare wall mechanics and hemodynamics in humans and mice at two equivalent ages: young and older adults. Methods: For the humans, 3-D computational models were created using wall property data from the literature as well as patient-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and non-invasive hemodynamic data; for the mice, comparable models were created using population-based properties and hemodynamics as well as subject-specific anatomies. Global aortic hemodynamics and wall stiffness were compared between humans and mice across age groups. Results: For young adult subjects, we found differences between species in pulse pressure amplification, compliance and resistance distribution, and aortic stiffness gradient. We also found differences in response to aging between species. Generally, the human spatial gradients of stiffness and pulse pressure across the aorta diminished with age, while they increased for the mice. Conclusion: These results highlight key differences in vascular aging between human and mice, and it is important to acknowledge these when using mouse models for cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Hopper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Federica Cuomo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jacopo Ferruzzi
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Burris
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sara Roccabianca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - C. Alberto Figueroa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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35
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Campisi S, Jayendiran R, Condemi F, Viallon M, Croisille P, Avril S. Significance of Hemodynamics Biomarkers, Tissue Biomechanics and Numerical Simulations in the Pathogenesis of Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1890-1898. [PMID: 33319666 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999201214231648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Guidelines for the treatment of aortic wall diseases are based on measurements of maximum aortic diameter. However, aortic rupture or dissections do occur for small aortic diameters. Growing scientific evidence underlines the importance of biomechanics and hemodynamics in aortic disease development and progression. Wall shear stress (WWS) is an important hemodynamics marker that depends on aortic wall morphology and on the aortic valve function. WSS could be helpful to interpret aortic wall remodeling and define personalized risk criteria. The complementarity of Computational Fluid Dynamics and 4D Magnetic Resonance Imaging as tools for WSS assessment is a promising reality. The potentiality of these innovative technologies will provide maps or atlases of hemodynamics biomarkers to predict aortic tissue dysfunction. Ongoing efforts should focus on the correlation between these non-invasive imaging biomarkers and clinico-pathologic situations for the implementation of personalized medicine in current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Campisi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery; University Hospistal of Saint Etienne, France
| | - Raja Jayendiran
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Francesca Condemi
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Magalie Viallon
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, France
| | - Pierre Croisille
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Avril
- Mines Saint-Etienne, Univ Lyon, Univ Jean Monnet, INSERM, U 1059 Sainbiose, Centre CIS, F - 42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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36
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Correns A, Zimmermann LMA, Baldock C, Sengle G. BMP antagonists in tissue development and disease. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 11:100071. [PMID: 34435185 PMCID: PMC8377005 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are important growth regulators in embryogenesis and postnatal homeostasis. Their tight regulation is crucial for successful embryonic development as well as tissue homeostasis in the adult organism. BMP inhibition by natural extracellular biologic antagonists represents the most intensively studied mechanistic concept of BMP growth factor regulation. It was shown to be critical for numerous developmental programs, including germ layer specification and spatiotemporal gradients required for the establishment of the dorsal-ventral axis and organ formation. The importance of BMP antagonists for extracellular matrix homeostasis is illustrated by the numerous human connective tissue disorders caused by their mutational inactivation. Here, we will focus on the known functional interactions targeting BMP antagonists to the ECM and discuss how these interactions influence BMP antagonist activity. Moreover, we will provide an overview about the current concepts and investigated molecular mechanisms modulating BMP inhibitor function in the context of development and disease.
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Key Words
- ALK3, anaplastic lymphoma kinase 3
- ATF2, activating transcription factor 2
- ActR, activin receptor
- BDB2, brachydactyly type B2
- BISC, BMP-induced signalling complex
- BMP antagonists
- BMPER, BMP binding endothelial regulator
- BMPs, bone morphogenetic proteins
- Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)
- CAN, cerberus and DAN
- CDD, craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
- CHRD domain, chordin specific domain
- CUB domain, for complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 domain
- Connective tissue disorder
- Cv2, crossveinless-2
- DAN, differential screening selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma
- DSD, diaphanospondylodysostosis
- Dpp, decapentaplegic
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- Extracellular matrix (ECM)
- FMF, fibrillin microfibrils
- HS, heparan sulphate
- HSPGs, heparan sulphate proteoglycans
- MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MGC1, megalocornea 1
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PRDC, protein related to DAN and Cerberus
- SOST, sclerostin
- SYNS1, multiple synostoses syndrome 1
- Scw, screw
- Sog, short gastrulation
- TCC, tarsal-carpal coalition syndrome
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor- β
- Tld, tolloid
- Tsg, twisted gastrulation
- VBCH, Van Buchem disease
- Xlr/Tll, xolloid-related metalloprotease
- vWC, von Willebrand factor type C
- vWD, von Willebrand factor type D
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkatrin Correns
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Laura-Marie A. Zimmermann
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Clair Baldock
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, B.3016 Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, M13 9PT, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Centre for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics (CCMB), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Yanagisawa H, Yokoyama U. Extracellular matrix-mediated remodeling and mechanotransduction in large vessels during development and disease. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110104. [PMID: 34339854 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) is synthesized and secreted during embryogenesis and facilitates the growth and remodeling of large vessels. Proper interactions between the ECM and vascular cells are pivotal for building the vasculature required for postnatal dynamic circulation. The ECM serves as a structural component by maintaining the integrity of the vessel wall while also regulating intercellular signaling, which involves cytokines and growth factors. The major ECM component in large vessels is elastic fibers, which include elastin and microfibrils. Elastin is predominantly synthesized by vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and uses microfibrils as a scaffold to lay down and assemble cross-linked elastin. The absence of elastin causes developmental defects that result in the subendothelial proliferation of SMCs and inward remodeling of the vessel wall. Notably, elastic fiber formation is attenuated in the ductus arteriosus and umbilical arteries. These two vessels function during embryogenesis and close after birth via cellular proliferation, migration, and matrix accumulation. In dynamic postnatal mechano-environments, the elastic fibers in large vessels also serve an essential role in proper signal transduction as a component of elastin-contractile units. Disrupted mechanotransduction in SMCs leads to pathological conditions such as aortic aneurysms that exhibit outward remodeling. This review discusses the importance of the ECM-mainly the elastic fiber matrix-in large vessels during developmental remodeling and under pathological conditions. By dissecting the role of the ECM in large vessels, we aim to provide insights into the role of ECM-mediated signal transduction that can provide a basis for seeking new targets for intervention in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, The University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan.
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
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Wang H, Ma D, Zhu X, Liu P, Li S, Yu B, Yang H. Nimodipine inhibits intestinal and aortic smooth muscle contraction by regulating Ca 2+-activated Cl - channels. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 421:115543. [PMID: 33872679 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nimodipine is a clinically used dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel antagonist that effectively inhibits transmembrane Ca2+ influx following the depolarization of smooth muscle cells, but the detailed effect on smooth muscle contraction is not fully understood. Ca2+-activated Cl- channels (CaCCs) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) may regulate vascular contractility. We found that nimodipine can inhibit transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) activity in a concentration-dependent manner by cell-based fluorescence-quenching assay and short-circuit current analysis, with an IC50 value of ~5 μM. Short-circuit current analysis also showed that nimodipine prevented Ca2+-activated Cl- current in both HT-29 cells and mouse colonic epithelia accompanied by significantly decreased cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentrations. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, nimodipine still exhibited an inhibitory effect on TMEM16A/CaCCs. Additionally, the application of nimodipine to CFTR-expressing FRT cells and mouse colonic mucosa resulted in mild activation of CFTR-mediated Cl- currents. Nimodipine inhibited basolateral CCh-activated K+ channel activity with no effect on Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Evaluation of intestinal smooth muscle contraction showed that nimodipine inhibits intestinal smooth muscle contractility and frequency, with an activity pattern that was similar to that of non-specific inhibitors of CaCCs. In aortic smooth muscle, the expression of TMEM16A in thoracic aorta is higher than that in abdominal aorta, corresponding to stronger maximum contractility in thoracic aorta smooth muscle stimulated by phenylephrine (PE) and Eact. Nimodipine completely inhibited the contraction of aortic smooth muscle stimulated by Eact, and partially inhibited the contraction stimulated by PE. In summary, the results indicate that nimodipine effectively inhibits TMEM16A/CaCCs by reduction transmembrane Ca2+ influx and directly interacting with TMEM16A, explaining the mechanisms of nimodipine relaxation of intestinal and aortic smooth muscle contraction and providing new targets for pharmacological applications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anoctamin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Anoctamin-1/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/toxicity
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nimodipine/toxicity
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China; Laboratory medical college, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Di Ma
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China
| | - Panyue Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China
| | - Shuai Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China
| | - Bo Yu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116000, PR China.
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Mehdi MM, Solanki P, Singh P. Oxidative stress, antioxidants, hormesis and calorie restriction: The current perspective in the biology of aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 95:104413. [PMID: 33845417 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging, in a large measure, has long been defined as the resultant of oxidative stress acting on the cells. The cellular machinery eventually malfunctions at the basic level by the damage from the processes of oxidation and the system starts slowing down because of intrinsic eroding. To understand the initial destruction at the cellular level spreading outward to affect tissues, organs and the organism, the relationship between molecular damage and oxidative stress is required to understand. Retarding the aging process is a matter of cumulatively decreasing the rate of oxidative damage to the cellular machinery. Along with the genetic reasons, the decrease of oxidative stress is somehow a matter of lifestyle and importantly of diet. In the current review, the theories of aging and the understanding of various levels of molecular damage by oxidative stress have been emphasized. A broader understanding of mechanisms of aging have been elaborated in terms of effects of oxidative at molecular, mitochondrial, cellular and organ levels. The antioxidants supplementation, hormesis and calorie restriction as the prominent anti-aging strategies have also been discussed. The relevance and the efficacy of the antiaging strategies at system level have also been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Murtaza Mehdi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Bio-engineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Preeti Solanki
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhakar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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40
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The molecular mechanism of mechanotransduction in vascular homeostasis and disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2399-2418. [PMID: 32936305 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli such as shear stress due to flow and pulsatile stretch. The extracellular matrix maintains the structural integrity of the vessel wall and coordinates with a dynamic mechanical environment to provide cues to initiate intracellular signaling pathway(s), thereby changing cellular behaviors and functions. However, the precise role of matrix-cell interactions involved in mechanotransduction during vascular homeostasis and disease development remains to be fully determined. In this review, we introduce hemodynamics forces in blood vessels and the initial sensors of mechanical stimuli, including cell-cell junctional molecules, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), multiple ion channels, and a variety of small GTPases. We then highlight the molecular mechanotransduction events in the vessel wall triggered by laminar shear stress (LSS) and disturbed shear stress (DSS) on vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and cyclic stretch in ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)-both of which activate several key transcription factors. Finally, we provide a recent overview of matrix-cell interactions and mechanotransduction centered on fibronectin in ECs and thrombospondin-1 in SMCs. The results of this review suggest that abnormal mechanical cues or altered responses to mechanical stimuli in EC and SMCs serve as the molecular basis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and aortic aneurysms. Collecting evidence and advancing knowledge on the mechanotransduction in the vessel wall can lead to a new direction of therapeutic interventions for vascular diseases.
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Saito J, Yokoyama U, Nakamura T, Kanaya T, Ueno T, Naito Y, Takayama T, Kaneko M, Miyagawa S, Sawa Y, Ishikawa Y. Scaffold-free tissue-engineered arterial grafts derived from human skeletal myoblasts. Artif Organs 2021; 45:919-932. [PMID: 33539557 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are in urgent demand for both adult and pediatric patients. Although several approaches have utilized vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells as cell sources for TEVGs, these cell sources have a limited proliferative capacity that results in an inability to reconstitute neotissues. Skeletal myoblasts are attractive cell sources as they possess high proliferative capacity, and they are already being tested in clinical trials for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Our previous study demonstrated that periodic hydrostatic pressurization (PHP) promoted fibronectin fibrillogenesis in vascular SMCs, and that PHP-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) arrangements enabled the fabrication of implantable arterial grafts derived from SMCs without using a scaffold material. We assessed the molecular response of human skeletal myoblasts to PHP exposure, and aimed to fabricate arterial grafts from the myoblasts by exposure to PHP. To examine the PHP-response genes, human skeletal myoblasts were subjected to bulk RNA-sequencing after PHP exposure. Gene-set enrichment analysis revealed significant positive correlations between PHP exposure and vascular development-related genes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated that PHP significantly upregulated collagen and elastic fiber formation-related gene expression, such as fibronectin, lysyl oxidase, collagen type I α1, collagen type IV α1, and tropoelastin. Based on these findings showing the potential role of PHP in vessel formation, we fabricated arterial grafts by repeated cell seeding and exposure to PHP every 24 hours. The resultant 15-layered myoblast grafts had high collagen content, which provided a tensile rupture strength of 899 ± 104 mm Hg. Human skeletal myoblast grafts were implanted as patch grafts in the aorta of immunosuppressed rats and found to be endothelialized and completely patent until the endpoint of 60 postoperative days. Implanted human myoblasts were gradually replaced by host-derived cells, which successfully formed vascular neotissues with layered elastic fibers. These findings suggest that human skeletal myoblasts have the potential to be a feasible cell source for scaffold-free implantable arterial grafts under PHP culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Saito
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Kanaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ueno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Takayama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Kaneko
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Saito J, Kaneko M, Ishikawa Y, Yokoyama U. Challenges and Possibilities of Cell-Based Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2021; 2021:1532103. [PMID: 36285145 PMCID: PMC9494692 DOI: 10.34133/2021/1532103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is urgent demand for biologically compatible vascular grafts for both adult and pediatric patients. The utility of conventional nonbiodegradable materials is limited because of their thrombogenicity and inability to grow, while autologous vascular grafts involve considerable disadvantages, including the invasive procedures required to obtain these healthy vessels from patients and insufficient availability in patients with systemic atherosclerosis. All of these issues could be overcome by tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). A large body of evidence has recently emerged in support of TEVG technologies, introducing diverse cell sources (e.g., somatic cells and stem cells) and novel fabrication methods (e.g., scaffold-guided and self-assembled approaches). Before TEVG can be applied in a clinical setting, however, several aspects of the technology must be improved, such as the feasibility of obtaining cells, their biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and the time needed for fabrication, while the safety of supplemented materials, the patency and nonthrombogenicity of TEVGs, their growth potential, and the long-term influence of implanted TEVGs in the body must be assessed. Although recent advances in TEVG fabrication have yielded promising results, more research is needed to achieve the most feasible methods for generating optimal TEVGs. This article reviews multiple aspects of TEVG fabrication, including mechanical requirements, extracellular matrix components, cell sources, and tissue engineering approaches. The potential of periodic hydrostatic pressurization in the production of scaffold-free TEVGs with optimal elasticity and stiffness is also discussed. In the future, the integration of multiple technologies is expected to enable improved TEVG performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Saito
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Kaneko
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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43
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Creamer TJ, Bramel EE, MacFarlane EG. Insights on the Pathogenesis of Aneurysm through the Study of Hereditary Aortopathies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:183. [PMID: 33514025 PMCID: PMC7912671 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are permanent and localized dilations of the aorta that predispose patients to a life-threatening risk of aortic dissection or rupture. The identification of pathogenic variants that cause hereditary forms of TAA has delineated fundamental molecular processes required to maintain aortic homeostasis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) elaborate and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to mechanical and biochemical cues from their environment. Causal variants for hereditary forms of aneurysm compromise the function of gene products involved in the transmission or interpretation of these signals, initiating processes that eventually lead to degeneration and mechanical failure of the vessel. These include mutations that interfere with transduction of stimuli from the matrix to the actin-myosin cytoskeleton through integrins, and those that impair signaling pathways activated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In this review, we summarize the features of the healthy aortic wall, the major pathways involved in the modulation of VSMC phenotypes, and the basic molecular functions impaired by TAA-associated mutations. We also discuss how the heterogeneity and balance of adaptive and maladaptive responses to the initial genetic insult might contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Creamer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily E. Bramel
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Predoctoral Training in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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44
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Eekhoff JD, Steenbock H, Berke IM, Brinckmann J, Yanagisawa H, Wagenseil JE, Lake SP. Dysregulated assembly of elastic fibers in fibulin-5 knockout mice results in a tendon-specific increase in elastic modulus. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 113:104134. [PMID: 33045519 PMCID: PMC8146012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fiber assembly is coordinated in part by fibulin-5, a matricellular protein. When fibulin-5 is not available to guide elastogenesis, elastin forms into disconnected globules instead of the dense elastic fiber core found in healthy tissues. Despite the growing evidence for a significant role of elastic fibers in tendon mechanics and the clinical relevance to cutis laxa, a human disease which can be caused by a mutation in the gene encoding fibulin-5, it is unknown how malformed elastic fibers affect tendon function. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of dysregulated elastic fiber assembly in tendons from fibulin-5 knockout mice in comparison to wild-type controls. Due to evidence for a more prominent role of elastic fibers in tendons with higher functional demands, both the energy-storing Achilles tendon and the more positional tibialis anterior tendon were evaluated. The linear modulus of knockout Achilles tendons was increased compared to controls, yet there was no discernible change in mechanical properties of the tibialis anterior tendon across genotypes. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of malformed elastic fibers in knockout tendons while no other changes to tendon composition or structure were found. The mechanism behind the increase in linear modulus in fibulin-5 knockout Achilles tendons may be greater collagen engagement due to decreased regulation of strain-induced structural reorganization. These findings support the theory of a significant, functionally distinct role of elastic fibers in tendon mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Eekhoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Heiko Steenbock
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian M Berke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Jürgen Brinckmann
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jessica E Wagenseil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Spencer P Lake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, USA.
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45
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McCallinhart PE, Scandling BW, Trask AJ. Coronary remodeling and biomechanics: Are we going with the flow in 2020? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H584-H592. [PMID: 33185115 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00634.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Under normal conditions, coronary blood flow (CBF) provides critical blood supply to the myocardium so that it can appropriately meet the metabolic demands of the body. Dogmatically, there exist several known regulators and modulators of CBF that include local metabolites and neurohormonal factors that can influence the function of the coronary circulation. In disease states such as diabetes and myocardial ischemia, these regulators are impaired or shifted such that CBF is reduced. Although functional considerations have been and continued to be well studied, more recent evidence builds upon established studies that collectively suggest that the relative roles of coronary structure, biomechanics, and the influence of cardiac biomechanics via extravascular compression may also play a significant role in dictating CBF. In this mini review, we discuss these regulators of CBF under normal and pathophysiological conditions and their potential influence on the control of CBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E McCallinhart
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Heart Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Benjamin W Scandling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Aaron J Trask
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Heart Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
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46
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Shi Y, Jones W, Beatty W, Tan Q, Mecham RP, Kumra H, Reinhardt DP, Gibson MA, Reilly MA, Rodriguez J, Bassnett S. Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein-2 (LTBP-2) is required for longevity but not for development of zonular fibers. Matrix Biol 2020; 95:15-31. [PMID: 33039488 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Latent-transforming growth factor beta-binding protein 2 (LTBP-2) is a major component of arterial and lung tissue and of the ciliary zonule, the system of extracellular fibers that centers and suspends the lens in the eye. LTBP-2 has been implicated previously in the development of extracellular microfibrils, although its exact role remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the three-dimensional structure of the ciliary zonule in wild type mice and used a knockout model to test the contribution of LTBP-2 to zonule structure and mechanical properties. In wild types, zonular fibers had diameters of 0.5-1.0 micrometers, with an outer layer of fibrillin-1-rich microfibrils and a core of fibrillin-2-rich microfibrils. LTBP-2 was present in both layers. The absence of LTBP-2 did not affect the number of fibers, their diameters, nor their coaxial organization. However, by two months of age, LTBP-2-depleted fibers began to rupture, and by six months, a fully penetrant ectopia lentis phenotype was present, as confirmed by in vivo imaging. To determine whether the seemingly normal fibers of young mice were compromised mechanically, we compared zonule stress/strain relationships of wild type and LTBP-2-deficient mice and developed a quasi-linear viscoelastic engineering model to analyze the resulting data. In the absence of LTBP-2, the ultimate tensile strength of the zonule was reduced by about 50%, and the viscoelastic behavior of the fibers was altered significantly. We developed a harmonic oscillator model to calculate the forces generated during saccadic eye movement. Model simulations suggested that mutant fibers are prone to failure during rapid rotation of the eyeball. Together, these data indicate that LTBP-2 is necessary for the strength and longevity of zonular fibers, but not necessarily for their formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - W Jones
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - W Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Q Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - R P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - H Kumra
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - D P Reinhardt
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, and Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M A Gibson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - M A Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Rodriguez
- Department of Basic Sciences, St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Bassnett
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Zheng HQ, Rong JB, Ye FM, Xu YC, Lu HS, Wang JA. Induction of thoracic aortic dissection: a mini-review of β-aminopropionitrile-related mouse models. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 21:603-610. [PMID: 32748576 PMCID: PMC7445087 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is one of the most lethal aortic diseases due to its acute onset, rapid progress, and high rate of aortic rupture. The pathogenesis of TAD is not completely understood. In this mini-review, we introduce three emerging experimental mouse TAD models using β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) alone, BAPN for a prolonged duration (four weeks) and then with added infusion of angiotensin II (AngII), or co-administration of BAPN and AngII chronically. We aim to provide insights into appropriate application of these three mouse models, thereby enhancing the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of TAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-qiong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jia-bing Rong
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Fei-ming Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yin-chuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jian-an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China
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48
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Ma Z, Mao C, Jia Y, Fu Y, Kong W. Extracellular matrix dynamics in vascular remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C481-C499. [PMID: 32579472 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling is the adaptive response to various physiological and pathophysiological alterations that are closely related to aging and vascular diseases. Understanding the mechanistic regulation of vascular remodeling may be favorable for discovering potential therapeutic targets and strategies. The extracellular matrix (ECM), including matrix proteins and their degradative metalloproteases, serves as the main component of the microenvironment and exhibits dynamic changes during vascular remodeling. This process involves mainly the altered composition of matrix proteins, metalloprotease-mediated degradation, posttranslational modification of ECM proteins, and altered topographical features of the ECM. To date, adequate studies have demonstrated that ECM dynamics also play a critical role in vascular remodeling in various diseases. Here, we review these related studies, summarize how ECM dynamics control vascular remodeling, and further indicate potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the ECM for corresponding vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chenfeng Mao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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49
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Matrix mechanotransduction mediated by thrombospondin-1/integrin/YAP in the vascular remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:9896-9905. [PMID: 32321834 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1919702117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) initiates mechanical cues that activate intracellular signaling through matrix-cell interactions. In blood vessels, additional mechanical cues derived from the pulsatile blood flow and pressure play a pivotal role in homeostasis and disease development. Currently, the nature of the cues from the ECM and their interaction with the mechanical microenvironment in large blood vessels to maintain the integrity of the vessel wall are not fully understood. Here, we identified the matricellular protein thrombospondin-1 (Thbs1) as an extracellular mediator of matrix mechanotransduction that acts via integrin αvβ1 to establish focal adhesions and promotes nuclear shuttling of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in response to high strain of cyclic stretch. Thbs1-mediated YAP activation depends on the small GTPase Rap2 and Hippo pathway and is not influenced by alteration of actin fibers. Deletion of Thbs1 in mice inhibited Thbs1/integrin β1/YAP signaling, leading to maladaptive remodeling of the aorta in response to pressure overload and inhibition of neointima formation upon carotid artery ligation, exerting context-dependent effects on the vessel wall. We thus propose a mechanism of matrix mechanotransduction centered on Thbs1, connecting mechanical stimuli to YAP signaling during vascular remodeling in vivo.
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50
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Harky A, Fan KS, Fan KH. The genetics and biomechanics of thoracic aortic diseases. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 1:R13-R25. [PMID: 32923967 PMCID: PMC7439919 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections (TAAD) are highly fatal emergencies within cardiothoracic surgery. With increasing age, thoracic aneurysms become more prevalent and pose an even greater threat when they develop into aortic dissections. Both diseases are multifactorial and are influenced by a multitude of physiological and biomechanical processes. Structural stability of aorta can be disrupted by genes, such as those for extracellular matrix and contractile protein, as well as telomere dysfunction, which leads to senescence of smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Biomechanical changes such as increased luminal pressure imposed by hypertension are also very prevalent and lead to structural instability. Furthermore, ageing is associated with a pro-inflammatory state that exacerbates degeneration of vessel wall, facilitating the development of both aortic aneurysms and aortic dissection. This literature review provides an overview of the aetiology and pathophysiology of both thoracic aneurysms and aortic dissections. With an improved understanding, new therapeutic targets may eventually be identified to facilitate treatment and prevention of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Harky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ka Siu Fan
- St. George's Medical School, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ka Hay Fan
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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