1
|
Takahashi N, Kimura AP, Yoshizaki T, Ohmura K. Imeglimin modulates mitochondria biology and facilitates mitokine secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Life Sci 2024; 349:122735. [PMID: 38768776 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Imeglimin, a novel antidiabetic drug, has recently been reported to affect pancreatic β-cells and hepatocytes. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in systemic metabolism. However, its effect on adipocytes remains unexplored. Herein, we investigated the effects of imeglimin on adipocytes, particularly in the mitochondria. MAIN METHODS The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with imeglimin. Mitochondrial respiratory complex I activity and NAD+, NADH, and AMP levels were measured. Protein expression levels were determined by western blotting, mitochondrial DNA and mRNA expression levels were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and secreted adipocytokine and mitokine levels were determined using adipokine array and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KEY FINDINGS Imeglimin inhibited complex I activity, decreased the NAD+/NADH ratio, and increased AMP levels, which were associated with the enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase. In addition, imeglimin increased the mitochondrial DNA content and levels of mitochondrial transcription factor A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α mRNA, which were abolished by Ly294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, imeglimin facilitated the expression levels of markers of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and the gene expression and secretion of two mitokines, fibroblast growth factor 21 and growth differentiation factor 15. The production of both mitokines was transcriptionally regulated and abolished by phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE Imeglimin modulates mitochondrial biology in adipocytes and may exert a mitohormetic effect through mitokine secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Takahashi
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0023, Japan.
| | - Atsushi P Kimura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshizaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, Fukuyama University, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ohmura
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0023, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Xu R, Yao Y, Rousseau D. ATAD3 is a limiting factor in mitochondrial biogenesis and adipogenesis of white adipocyte-like 3T3-L1 cells. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38923254 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
ATAD3 is a vital ATPase of the inner mitochondrial membrane of pluri-cellular eukaryotes, with largely unknown functions but early required for organism development as necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis. ATAD3 knock-down in C. elegans inhibits at first the development of adipocyte-like intestinal tissue so we used mouse adipocyte model 3T3-L1 cells to analyze ATAD3 functions during adipogenesis and lipogenesis in a mammalian model. ATAD3 function was studied by stable and transient modulation of ATAD3 expression in adipogenesis- induced 3T3-L1 cells using Knock-Down and overexpression strategies, exploring different steps of adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. We show that (i) an increase in ATAD3 is preceding differentiation-induced mitochondrial biogenesis; (ii) downregulation of ATAD3 inhibits adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and impedes overexpression of many mitochondrial proteins; (iii) ATAD3 re-expression rescues the phenotype of ATAD3 KD, and (iv) differentiation and lipogenesis are accelerated by ATAD3 overexpression, but inhibited by expression of a dominant-negative mutant. We further show that the ATAD3 KD phenotype is not due to altered insulin signal but involves a limitation of mitochondrial biogenesis linked to Drp1. These results demonstrate that ATAD3 is limiting for in vitro mitochondrial biogenesis and adipogenesis/lipogenesis and therefore that ATAD3 mutation/over- or under-expression could be involved in adipogenic and lipogenic pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuijie Li
- Department of Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rui Xu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Denis Rousseau
- Department of Biology, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et du Génie Physique-Interfaces entre Matériaux et Matière Biologique -Institut National Polytechnique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Unité Mixte de Recherche, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barbalho SM, de Alvares Goulart R, Minniti G, Bechara MD, de Castro MVM, Dias JA, Laurindo LF. Unraveling the rationale and conducting a comprehensive assessment of KD025 (Belumosudil) as a candidate drug for inhibiting adipogenic differentiation-a systematic review. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2681-2699. [PMID: 37966572 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02834-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs) are crucial during the adipocyte differentiation process. KD025 (Belumosudil) is a newly developed inhibitor that selectively targets ROCK2. It has exhibited consistent efficacy in impeding adipogenesis across a spectrum of in vitro models of adipogenic differentiation. Given the novelty of this treatment, a comprehensive systematic review has not been conducted yet. This systematic review aims to fill this knowledge void by providing readers with an extensive examination of the rationale behind KD025 and its impacts on adipogenesis. Preclinical evidence was gathered owing to the absence of clinical trials. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the study's quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist Critical Appraisal Tool for Systematic Reviews. In various in vitro models, such as 3T3-L1 cells, human orbital fibroblasts, and human adipose-derived stem cells, KD025 demonstrated potent anti-adipogenic actions. At a molecular level, KD025 had significant effects, including decreasing fibronectin (Fn) expression, inhibiting ROCK2 and CK2 activity, suppressing lipid droplet formation, and reducing the expression of proadipogenic genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα). Additionally, KD025 resulted in the suppression of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4 or AP2) expression, a decrease in sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and Glut-4 expression. Emphasis must be placed on the fact that while KD025 shows potential in preclinical studies and experimental models, extensive research is crucial to assess its efficacy, safety, and potential therapeutic applications thoroughly and directly in human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, 17500-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo de Alvares Goulart
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Aparecido Dias
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, 17525-902, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, 17519-030, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi DH, Hong M, Kwon TH, Lee SU. Antioxidant and Anti-Obesity Effects of Juglans mandshurica in 3T3-L1 Cells and High-Fat Diet Obese Rats. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:634-643. [PMID: 38111312 PMCID: PMC11016786 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2311.11032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Juglans mandshurica Maxim. walnut (JMW) is well-known for the treatment of dermatosis, cancer, gastritis, diarrhea, and leukorrhea in Korea. However, the molecular mechanism underlying its anti-obesity activity remains unknown. In the current study, we aimed to determine whether JMW can influence adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and high-fat diet rats and determine the antioxidant activity. The 20% ethanol extract of JMW (JMWE) had a total polyphenol content of 133.33 ± 2.60 mg GAE/g. Considering the antioxidant capacity, the ABTS and DPPH values of 200 μg/ml of JMWE were 95.69 ± 0.94 and 79.38 ± 1.55%, respectively. To assess the anti-obesity activity of JMWE, we analyzed the cell viability, fat accumulation, and adipogenesis-related factors, including CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). We found that total lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels were reduced, and the fat accumulation rate decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, JMWE suppressed adipogenesis-related factors C/EBPα, PPARγ, and SREBP1c, as well as FAS and ACC, both related to lipogenesis. Moreover, animal experiments revealed that JMWE could be employed to prevent and treat obesity-related diseases. Hence, JMWE could be developed as a healthy functional food and further explored as an anti-obesity drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Choi
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hong
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kwon
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ung Lee
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, Chuncheon 24232, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdel-Moneim A, Mahmoud R, Allam G, Mahmoud B. Relationship between Cytokines and Metabolic Syndrome Components: Role of Pancreatic-Derived Factor, Interleukin-37, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Metabolic Syndrome Patients. Indian J Clin Biochem 2024; 39:37-46. [PMID: 38223016 PMCID: PMC10784435 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a serious public health issue that affects people all over the world. Notably, insulin resistance, prothrombotic activity, and inflammatory state are associated with MetS. This study aims to explore the relationship between cytokines and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), pancreatic-derived factor (PANDER), and interleukin (IL-)-37 and the accumulation of MetS components. Eligible participants were divided into four groups as follows: group 1, patients with dyslipidemia; group 2, patients with dyslipidemia and obesity; group 3, patients with dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension; and group 4, patients with dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. This study exhibited that serum levels of TNF-α and PANDER were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in the MetS groups, while IL-37 level and IL-37 mRNA expression were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) relative to healthy controls. Moreover, this study has revealed significant correlations (P < 0.001) between MetS components and TNF-α, PANDER, and IL-37 levels in MetS patients. The aforementioned results suggested the association between the proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α and PANDER) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-37) with the accumulation of MetS components. Hence, the overall outcome indicated that PANDER and IL-37 may be considered novel biomarkers associated with increased risk of MetS and can be used as a promising therapeutic target in preventing, ameliorating, and treating metabolic disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12291-022-01079-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Egypt. Salah Salem St, 62511 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rania Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Gamal Allam
- Immunology Section, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Basant Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Natraj P, Rajan P, Jeon YA, Kim SS, Lee YJ. Antiadipogenic Effect of Citrus Flavonoids: Evidence from RNA Sequencing Analysis and Activation of AMPK in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17788-17800. [PMID: 37955544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are rich in dietary flavonoids and have many health benefits, but their antiadipogenic mechanism of action and their impact on lipid metabolism remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of citrus flavonoids, namely, hesperidin (HES), narirutin (NAR), nobiletin (NOB), sinensetin (SIN), and tangeretin (TAN), on preventing fat cell development by gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Among the citrus flavonoids tested, HES and NAR significantly reduced fat storage and triglyceride levels and increased glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, HES and NAR treatment increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) while reducing the protein expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR). Furthermore, in silico docking revealed that flavonoids activate AMPK. RNA sequencing analysis demonstrated that citrus flavonoids normalized the expression of 40 genes, which were either upregulated by more than 2-fold or downregulated by less than 0.6-fold including Acadv1, Acly, Akr1d1, Awat1, Cyp27a1, Decr1, Dhrs4, Elovl3, Fasn, G6pc, Gba, Hmgcs1, Mogat2, Lrp5, Sptlc3, and Snca to levels comparable to the control group. Altogether, HES and NAR among five citrus flavonoids showed antiadipogenic effects by regulating the expression of specific lipid metabolism genes partially restored to control levels in 3T3-L1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Premkumar Natraj
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Priyanka Rajan
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Yoon A Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Kim
- Citrus Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, RDA, Jeju 63607, Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maisto M, Marzocchi A, Keivani N, Piccolo V, Summa V, Tenore GC. Natural Chalcones for the Management of Obesity Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15929. [PMID: 37958912 PMCID: PMC10648025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the incidence of obesity has increased dramatically worldwide, reaching a dangerous pandemic spread. This condition has serious public health implications as it significantly increases the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, fatty liver, hypertension, heart attack, and stroke. The treatment of obesity is therefore the greatest health challenge of our time. Conventional therapeutic treatment of obesity is based on the use of various synthetic molecules belonging to the class of appetite suppressants, lipase inhibitors, hormones, metabolic regulators, and inhibitors of intestinal peptide receptors. The long-term use of these molecules is generally limited by various side effects and tolerance. For this reason, the search for natural alternatives to treat obesity is a current research goal. This review therefore examined the anti-obesity potential of natural chalcones based on available evidence from in vitro and animal studies. In particular, the results of the main in vitro studies describing the principal molecular therapeutic targets and the mechanism of action of the different chalcones investigated were described. In addition, the results of the most relevant animal studies were reported. Undoubtedly, future clinical studies are urgently needed to confirm and validate the potential of natural chalcones in the clinical prophylaxis of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maisto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano, 59, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (N.K.); (V.P.); (V.S.); (G.C.T.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Joung HY, Oh JM, Song MS, Kwon YB, Chun S. Selegiline Modulates Lipid Metabolism by Activating AMPK Pathways of Epididymal White Adipose Tissues in HFD-Fed Obese Mice. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2539. [PMID: 38004519 PMCID: PMC10675427 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, as a major cause of many chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, is among the most serious health problems. Increased monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity has been observed in the adipose tissue of obese humans and animals. Although previous studies have already demonstrated the potential of MAO-B inhibitors as a treatment for this condition, the mechanism of their effect has been insufficiently elucidated. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effect of selegiline, a selective MAO-B inhibitor, using in vivo animal models. The effect was evaluated through an assessment of body energy homeostasis, glucose tolerance tests, and biochemical analysis. Pharmacological inhibition of MAO-B by selegiline was observed to reduce body weight and fat accumulation, and improved glucose metabolism without a corresponding change in food intake, in HFD-fed obese mice. We also observed that both the expression of adipogenenic markers, including C/EBPα and FABP4, and lipogenic markers such as pACC were significantly reduced in epididymal white adipose tissues (eWATs). Conversely, increased expression of lipolytic markers such as ATGL and pHSL and AMPK phosphorylation were noted. Treating obese mice with selegiline significantly increased expression levels of UCP1 and promoted eWAT browning, indicating increased energy expenditure. These results suggest that selegiline, by inhibiting MAO-B activity, is a potential anti-obesity treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Young Joung
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-M.O.)
| | - Jung-Mi Oh
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-M.O.)
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Suk Song
- Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Bae Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungkun Chun
- Department of Physiology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (H.-Y.J.); (J.-M.O.)
- Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pati B, Sendh S, Sahu B, Pani S, Jena N, Bal NC. Recent advancements in pharmacological strategies to modulate energy balance for combating obesity. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1429-1445. [PMID: 37593583 PMCID: PMC10429841 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity along with its related metabolic diseases has increased globally in recent decades. Obesity originates from a heterogeneous physiological state, which is further complicated by the influence of factors such as genetic, behavioural, and environmental. Lifestyle interventions including exercise and diet have limited success, necessitating the development of pharmacological approaches. Mechanistically, strategies target either reducing energy intake or increasing consumption through metabolism boosting. Current drugs lower energy intake via inducing satiety or inhibiting substrate absorption, while targeting mitochondria or cytosolic energy sensors has shown limited success due to toxicity. Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) has provided hope for activating these processes selectively without significant side effects. The internet-based marketing of plant-based formulations for enhancing metabolism has surged. This review compiles scientific articles, magazines, newspapers, and online resources on anti-obesity drug development. Combination therapy of metabolic boosters and established anti-obesity compounds appears to be a promising future approach that requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benudhara Pati
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Satyabrata Sendh
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Bijayashree Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Sunil Pani
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| | - Nivedita Jena
- Institute of Life Science, DBT ILS Bioincubator Bhubaneswar Odisha 751021-India
| | - Naresh Chandra Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University Bhubaneswar Odisha 751024 India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shinde AB, Nunn ER, Wilson GA, Chvasta MT, Pinette JA, Myers JW, Peck SH, Spinelli JB, Zaganjor E. Inhibition of nucleotide biosynthesis disrupts lipid accumulation and adipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104635. [PMID: 36963490 PMCID: PMC10149209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy balance and nutrient availability are key determinants of cellular decisions to remain quiescent, proliferate or differentiate into a mature cell. After assessing its environmental state, the cell must rewire its metabolism to support distinct cellular outcomes. Mechanistically, how metabolites regulate cell fate decisions is poorly understood. We used adipogenesis as our model system to ascertain the role of metabolism in differentiation. We isolated adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells and profiled metabolites before and after adipogenic differentiation to identify metabolic signatures associated with these distinct cellular states. We found that differentiation alters nucleotide accumulation. Furthermore, inhibition of nucleotide biosynthesis prevented lipid storage within adipocytes and downregulated the expression of lipogenic factors. In contrast to proliferating cells, in which mTORC1 is activated by purine accumulation, mTORC1 signaling was unaffected by purine levels in differentiating adipocytes. Rather, our data indicated that purines regulate transcriptional activators of adipogenesis, PPARγ and C/EBPα to promote differentiation. Although de novo nucleotide biosynthesis has mainly been studied in proliferation, our study points to its requirement in adipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit B Shinde
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Nunn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Genesis A Wilson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mathew T Chvasta
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julia A Pinette
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacob W Myers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sun H Peck
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jessica B Spinelli
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Diabetes Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Uramaru N, Kawashima A, Osabe M, Higuchi T. Rhododendrol, a reductive metabolite of raspberry ketone, suppresses the differentiation of 3T3‑L1 cells into adipocytes. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:51. [PMID: 36633126 PMCID: PMC9879071 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious medical condition worldwide, and a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cancer and cardiovascular disease. In addition to changes in dietary habits and physical activity, consuming supplements to maintain good health and prevent obesity is important in modern society. Raspberry ketone (RK) is a natural phenolic ketone found in the European red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and is hypothesized to prevent obesity when administered orally. The present study found that RK was reduced to rhododendrol (ROH) in human liver microsomes and cytosol. The present study investigated whether the metabolite ROH had anti‑adipogenic effects using mouse 3T3‑L1 cells. The effects of ROH or RK on lipid accumulation during differentiation of 3T3‑L1 pre‑adipocyte into adipocyte were determined using Oil Red O staining. CCAAT enhancer‑binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mRNA and protein expression were examined using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting analysis, respectively. The present study revealed that ROH suppressed lipid accumulation in the cells, similar to RK. In addition, ROH suppressed the mRNA expression levels of C/EBPα and PPARγ in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, ROH suppressed PPARγ protein expression in 3T3‑L1 adipocytes. These findings suggested that ROH is an active metabolite with an anti‑adipogenic effect, which may contribute to the anti‑obesity effect of orally administered RK. The present study indicated that it is important to understand the biological activity of the metabolites of orally administered compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Uramaru
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Azusa Kawashima
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Makoto Osabe
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Higuchi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan,Correspondence to: Professor Toshiyuki Higuchi, Division of Pharmaceutical Health Biosciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, Ina-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama 362-0806, Japan, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gu W, Wang R, Cai Z, Lin X, Zhang L, Chen R, Li R, Zhang W, Ji X, Shui G, Sun Q, Liu C. Hawthorn total flavonoids ameliorate ambient fine particulate matter-induced insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities of lipids in mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114456. [PMID: 38321675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown a strong correlation between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and diabetes risk, including abnormal lipid accumulation and systemic insulin resistance (IR). Hawthorn total flavonoids (HF) are the main groups of active substances in Hawthorn, which showed anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that HF may attenuate PM2.5-induced IR and abnormal lipid accumulation. Female C57BL/6 N mice were randomly assigned to the filtered air exposure (FA) group, concentrated PM2.5 exposure (PM) group, PM2.5 exposure maintained on a low-dose HF diet (LHF) group, and PM2.5 exposure maintained on a high-dose HF diet (HHF) group for an 8-week PM2.5 exposure using a whole-body exposure device. Body glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles in the liver and serum, and enzymes responsible for hepatic lipid metabolism were measured. We found that exposure to PM2.5 impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. In addition, triacylglycerol (TAG) in serum elevated, whereas hepatic TAG levels were decreased after PM2.5 exposure, accompanied by inhibited fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in the liver. HF administration, on the other hand, balanced the hepatic TAG levels by increasing fatty acid uptake and decreasing lipid export, leading to alleviated systemic IR and hyperlipidemia in PM2.5-exposed mice. Therefore, HF administration may be an effective strategy to protect against PM2.5-induced IR and metabolic abnormalities of lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Gu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqing Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Cai
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiujuan Lin
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuming Ji
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Cuiqing Liu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Air Pollution and Health, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Stevioside Enhances the Anti-Adipogenic Effect and β-Oxidation by Activating AMPK in 3T3-L1 Cells and Epididymal Adipose Tissues of db/db Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071076. [PMID: 35406641 PMCID: PMC8997985 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stevioside, the primary sweetener in stevia, is a glycoside with numerous beneficial biological activities. However, its anti-adipogenic effects on tissue differentiation and adipose tissues remain to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effects of stevioside during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and epididymal adipose tissues of db/db mice were investigated by measuring the lipid droplets stained with Oil Red O and an immunoblot assay. Immunoblot analysis revealed that stevioside downregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Additionally, the protein expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) increased following treatment with stevioside. Furthermore, stevioside increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), both in vitro and in vivo. The activity of AMPK in stevioside-treated 3T3-L1 cells was further confirmed using agonists and antagonists of AMPK signaling. Our data indicate that stevioside ameliorates anti-adipogenic effects and promotes β-oxidation in adipocytes by activating AMPK-mediated signaling. The results of this study clearly demonstrated the inhibitory effect of stevioside on the differentiation of adipocytes and the reduction of lipid accumulation in the epididymal adipose tissues of db/db mice.
Collapse
|
14
|
Eroglu S, Cakmakliogullari EK. Decreased serum profile of the interleukin-36α in polycystic ovary syndrome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:1018-1022. [PMID: 34794731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the serum adiponectin and interleukin-36 alpha (IL-36α) levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and their relationship with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS This observatory study included 80 PCOS patients and 58 controls. The clinical, biochemical, and hormonal parameters, and serum adiponectin and IL-36α levels of the patients were evaluated. RESULTS The serum IL-36α levels of the PCOS patients were significantly lower when compared to the control group, despite a similar mean body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.000). The adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the obese PCOS group when compared to the obese control group (P = 0.03). The plasma IL-36α level was positively correlated with adiponectin level, but negatively correlated with the serum LH level (P = 0.000 and P = 0.004, respectively). Using receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cut-off value of IL-36α was calculated as 0.815 for PCOS. In the multiple binary logistic regression analysis, IL-36α (OR [95% CI] 0.432 [0.303, 0.616], P < 0.001) and adiponectin (OR [95% CI] 1.044 [1.005, 1.084], P = 0.028) were determined to be significantly associated with PCOS. CONCLUSION A reduced IL-36α level may play a role in the pathogenesis of ovulatory disfunction and insulin resistance in PCOS patients. Further studies are needed to understand the pathogenic and clinical significance of the IL-36 system in PCOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semra Eroglu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Samsun University, Konya, Turkey.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Grabner GF, Xie H, Schweiger M, Zechner R. Lipolysis: cellular mechanisms for lipid mobilization from fat stores. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1445-1465. [PMID: 34799702 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The perception that intracellular lipolysis is a straightforward process that releases fatty acids from fat stores in adipose tissue to generate energy has experienced major revisions over the last two decades. The discovery of new lipolytic enzymes and coregulators, the demonstration that lipophagy and lysosomal lipolysis contribute to the degradation of cellular lipid stores and the characterization of numerous factors and signalling pathways that regulate lipid hydrolysis on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels have revolutionized our understanding of lipolysis. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that facilitate intracellular fatty-acid mobilization, drawing on canonical and noncanonical enzymatic pathways. We summarize how intracellular lipolysis affects lipid-mediated signalling, metabolic regulation and energy homeostasis in multiple organs. Finally, we examine how these processes affect pathogenesis and how lipolysis may be targeted to potentially prevent or treat various diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Choi E, Baek S, Baek K, Kim HK. Psidium guajava L. leaf extract inhibits adipocyte differentiation and improves insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells. Nutr Res Pract 2021; 15:568-578. [PMID: 34603605 PMCID: PMC8446691 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.5.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Psidium guajava L. (guava) leaves have been shown to exhibit hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effects in rodents. This study investigated the effects of guava leaf extract on adipogenesis, glucose uptake, and lipolysis of adipocytes to examine whether the antidiabetic properties are mediated through direct effects on adipocytes. MATERIALS/METHODS 3T3-L1 cells were treated with 25, 50, 100 µg/mL of methanol extract from guava leaf extract (GLE) or 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide as a control. Lipid accumulation was evaluated with Oil Red O Staining and AdipoRed assay. Immunoblotting was performed to measure the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Glucose uptake under basal or insulin-stimulated condition was measured using a glucose analog 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Lipolysis from fully differentiated adipocytes was measured by free fatty acids release into the culture medium in the presence or absence of epinephrine. RESULTS Oil Red O staining and AdipoRed assay have shown that GLE treatment reduced lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. Mitotic clonal expansion, an early essential event for adipocyte differentiation, was inhibited by GLE treatment. GLE inhibited the expression of transcription factors involved in adipocyte differentiation, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). FAS expression was also decreased while the phosphorylation of AMPK was increased by GLE treatment. In addition, GLE increased insulin-induced glucose uptake into adipocytes. In lipid-filled mature adipocytes, GLE enhanced epinephrine-induced lipolysis but reduced basal lipolysis dose-dependently. CONCLUSIONS The results show that GLE inhibits adipogenesis and improves adipocyte function by reducing basal lipolysis and increasing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes, which can be partly associated with antidiabetic effects of guava leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Seoyoung Baek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Kuanglim Baek
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Son YJ, Jung DS, Shin JM, Erdenebileg S, Nho CW. Heracleum dissectum Ledeb. ethanol extract attenuates metabolic syndrome symptoms in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by activating adiponectin/AMPK signaling. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
18
|
Oliveira AKDS, de Oliveira E Silva AM, Pereira RO, Santos AS, Barbosa Junior EV, Bezerra MT, Barreto RSS, Quintans-Junior LJ, Quintans JSS. Anti-obesity properties and mechanism of action of flavonoids: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7827-7848. [PMID: 33970708 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1919051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem, and there is increasing scientific interest in its mechanisms, as well as a search for new compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that can minimize the metabolic complications associated with its pathology. One potential source of these compounds is natural products; Among these, flavonoids are a promising group of natural substances. Flavonoids are active constituents with diverse biological activities and are widely found in plants kingdom. Numerous studies have shown that flavonoids can effectively inhibit obesity and related metabolic disorders. The review synthesizes recent evidence in respect of progress in the understanding of the anti-obesity effects of flavonoids. Such effects which occurs through the modulation of proteins, genes and transcriptional factors involved in decreasing lipogenesis, increasing lipolysis, expenditure energy, stimulating fatty acids B-oxidation, digestion and metabolism of carbohydrates. In addition to mitigating inflammatory responses and suppress oxidative stress. A better understanding of the modulating effects and mechanisms of flavonoids in relation to obesity will allow us to better use these compounds to treat or even prevent obesity and its associated comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Karoline de Souza Oliveira
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Ana Mara de Oliveira E Silva
- Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Sergipe, UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mikaella Tuanny Bezerra
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Rosana S S Barreto
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Junior
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil.,Department of Physiology, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cai J, Qiong G, Li C, Sun L, Luo Y, Yuan S, Gonzalez FJ, Xu J. Manassantin B attenuates obesity by inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis in an AMPK dependent manner. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21496. [PMID: 33904622 PMCID: PMC9813681 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002126rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Saururus chinensis (S chinensis) has been used as an herb to treat edema, jaundice, and gonorrhea. Manassantin B (MNSB), a dineolignan isolated from S chinensis, was identified as a potent adipogenesis/lipogenesis inhibitor (IC50 = 9.3 nM). To explore the underlying mechanism, both adipogenesis and lipogenesis were measured in differentiated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, murine primary preadipocytes and adipose tissue explants upon MNSB treatment. Key regulators of adipogenesis/lipogenesis were downregulated by MNSB treatment, mainly resulting from increased phosphorylation of AMPK which was identified as a vital regulator of adipogenesis and lipogenesis. Moreover, MNSB did not increase AMPK phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 cells transfected with Prkaa1 (encoding protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1) siRNA or adipose tissue explants isolated from adipose-specific Prkaa1-disrupted mice (Prkaa1Δad ). In diet-induced obese C57BL/6N mice, MNSB displayed preventive and therapeutic effects on obesity accompanied by decreased adipocyte size. MNSB was also found to increase AMPK phosphorylation both in subcutaneous white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue in vivo. These findings suggest that MNSB can be a new therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of obesity and other related metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cai
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China,Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gu Qiong
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanjuan Li
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shengheng Yuan
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Maissan P, Mooij EJ, Barberis M. Sirtuins-Mediated System-Level Regulation of Mammalian Tissues at the Interface between Metabolism and Cell Cycle: A Systematic Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030194. [PMID: 33806509 PMCID: PMC7999230 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of highly conserved NAD+-dependent proteins and this dependency links Sirtuins directly to metabolism. Sirtuins' activity has been shown to extend the lifespan of several organisms and mainly through the post-translational modification of their many target proteins, with deacetylation being the most common modification. The seven mammalian Sirtuins, SIRT1 through SIRT7, have been implicated in regulating physiological responses to metabolism and stress by acting as nutrient sensors, linking environmental and nutrient signals to mammalian metabolic homeostasis. Furthermore, mammalian Sirtuins have been implicated in playing major roles in mammalian pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, obesity and cancer. Mammalian Sirtuins are expressed heterogeneously among different organs and tissues, and the same holds true for their substrates. Thus, the function of mammalian Sirtuins together with their substrates is expected to vary among tissues. Any therapy depending on Sirtuins could therefore have different local as well as systemic effects. Here, an introduction to processes relevant for the actions of Sirtuins, such as metabolism and cell cycle, will be followed by reasoning on the system-level function of Sirtuins and their substrates in different mammalian tissues. Their involvement in the healthy metabolism and metabolic disorders will be reviewed and critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parcival Maissan
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eva J. Mooij
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Systems Biology, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK;
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, UK
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +44-1483-684-610
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huang M, Lin Y, Wang L, You X, Wang S, Zhao J, Bai M, Li Z, Chen Y. Adipose tissue lipolysis is regulated by PAQR11 via altering protein stability of phosphodiesterase 4D. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101182. [PMID: 33549845 PMCID: PMC7906896 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat storage and mobilization in adipose tissue play a central role in energy metabolism and are directly linked to the development of obesity. Upon starvation, fat is mobilized from adipose tissue by lipolysis, a process by which triglycerides are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids to be used as an energy source in skeletal muscles and other tissues. However, how lipolysis is activated by starvation is not fully known. In this study, we demonstrate that PAQR11, a member of the progesterone and AdipoQ receptor family, regulates starvation-mediated lipolysis. Paqr11-deleted mice are resistant to high-fat diet-induced obesity. Paqr11 deletion promotes lipolysis in white adipose tissue, characterized by increased phosphorylations of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and perilipin 1 (PLIN1) and elevated serum levels of glycerol and free fatty acids. PKA activity and cAMP levels in white adipose tissue are also increased by Paqr11 deletion, accompanied by accelerated protein degradation of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D). Mechanistically, PAQR11 decreases the interaction of PDE4D with SKP1-CUL1-FBXO2 E3 ligase complex, thus modulating the polyubiquitination/degradation of PDE4D. Fasting decreases the expression of the Paqr11 gene, and starvation-induced lipolysis in white adipose tissue is enhanced by Paqr11 deletion, while insulin-mediated suppression of lipolysis is not affected. Collectively, these results reveal that PAQR11 regulates lipolysis of adipose tissue and affects high-fat diet-induced obesity. Paqr11 deletion promotes lipolysis in epididymal white adipose tissue. PAQR11 modulates cAMP level by altering protein degradation of PDE4D. PAQR11 affects the interaction of PDE4D with SKP1-CUL1-FBXO2 E3 ligase complex. PAQR11 regulates starvation-induced lipolysis in adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yijun Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shangdong, 266032, China
| | - Xue You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Meijuan Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism, and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dayarathne LA, Ranaweera SS, Natraj P, Rajan P, Lee YJ, Han CH. Restoration of the adipogenic gene expression by naringenin and naringin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e55. [PMID: 34313040 PMCID: PMC8318791 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Naringenin and its glycoside naringin are well known citrus flavonoids with several therapeutic benefits. Although the anti-adipogenic effects of naringenin and naringin have been reported previously, the detailed mechanism underlying their anti-adipogenesis effects is poorly understood. Objectives This study examined the anti-adipogenic effects of naringenin and naringin by determining differential gene expression patterns in these flavonoids-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods Lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) content were determined by Oil red O staining and TG assay. Glucose uptake was measured using a 2-[N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose fluorescent d-glucose analog. The phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC) were observed via Western blot analysis. Differential gene expressions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were evaluated via RNA sequencing analysis. Results Naringenin and naringin inhibited both lipid accumulation and TG content, increased phosphorylation levels of both AMPK and ACC and decreased the expression level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 32 up-regulated (> 2-fold) and 17 down-regulated (< 0.6-fold) genes related to lipid metabolism, including Acaca, Fasn, Scd1, Mogat1, Dgat, Lipin1, Cpt1a, and Lepr, were normalized to the control level in naringenin-treated adipocytes. In addition, 25 up-regulated (> 2-fold) and 25 down-regulated (< 0.6-fold) genes related to lipid metabolism, including Acaca, Fasn, Fabp5, Scd1, Srebf1, Hmgcs1, Cpt1c, Lepr, and Lrp1, were normalized to the control level by naringin. Conclusions The results indicate that naringenin and naringin have anti-adipogenic potentials that are achieved by normalizing the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes that were perturbed in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Premkumar Natraj
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Priyanka Rajan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Young Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Choi YE, Choi SI, Han X, Men X, Jang GW, Kwon HY, Kang SR, Han JS, Lee OKH. Radical Scavenging-Linked Anti-Adipogenic Activity of Aster scaber Ethanolic Extract and Its Bioactive Compound. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121290. [PMID: 33339396 PMCID: PMC7766398 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aster scaber is a wild vegetable cultivated in Korea and is known to contain phytochemicals with various biological activities. The potential antioxidant and anti-obesity effects of A. scaber and their mechanism are yet to be reported. We evaluated the total phenolic, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents and oxygen radical absorbance capacity of A. scaber ethanolic extract (ASE), and analyzed the major phenolic compounds of ASE. Antioxidant activity was measured at the chemical level through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power assay, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assay. In addition, it was measured in vitro through inhibition of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in 3T3-L1 adipocyte, and inhibition of lipid accumulation was also evaluated. ASE reduced the expression of enzymes involved in the production of ROS and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes that reduce increased ROS levels. They also reduced the expression of adipogenesis transcription factors that regulate adipocyte differentiation in relation to ROS production, inhibited the expression of lipogenesis-related genes related to fat accumulation through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, and increased expression of lipolysis-related genes. Thus, ASE containing CGA (chlorogenic acid) inhibits ROS production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, owing to its strong antioxidant activity, and inhibits lipid accumulation caused by oxidative stress. The extract can be used as a potential functional food material for reducing oxidative stress and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Eun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Xiao Men
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Gill-Woong Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Hee-Yeon Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Seong-Ran Kang
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (J.-S.H.)
| | - Jin-Soo Han
- The Food Industry Promotional Agency of Korea, Iksan 54576, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (J.-S.H.)
| | - OK-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (Y.-E.C.); (S.-I.C.); (X.H.); (X.M.); (G.-W.J.); (H.-Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-250-6454; Fax: +82-33-259-5565
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Greger M. A Whole Food Plant-Based Diet Is Effective for Weight Loss: The Evidence. Am J Lifestyle Med 2020; 14:500-510. [PMID: 32922235 PMCID: PMC7444011 DOI: 10.1177/1559827620912400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
What does the best available balance of scientific evidence show is the optimum way to lose weight? Calorie density, water content, protein source, and other components significantly influence the effectiveness of different dietary regimes for weight loss. By "walling off your calories," preferentially deriving your macronutrients from structurally intact plant foods, some calories remain trapped within indigestible cell walls, which then blunts the glycemic impact, activates the ileal brake, and delivers prebiotics to the gut microbiome. This may help explain why the current evidence indicates that a whole food, plant-based diet achieves greater weight loss compared with other dietary interventions that do not restrict calories or mandate exercise. So, the most effective diet for weight loss appears to be the only diet shown to reverse heart disease in the majority of patients. Plant-based diets have also been found to help treat, arrest, and reverse other leading chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, whereas low-carbohydrate diets have been found to impair artery function and worsen heart disease, the leading killer of men and women in the United States. A diet centered on whole plant foods appears to be a safe, simple, sustainable solution to the obesity epidemic.
Collapse
|
25
|
Ahmad B, Serpell CJ, Fong IL, Wong EH. Molecular Mechanisms of Adipogenesis: The Anti-adipogenic Role of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:76. [PMID: 32457917 PMCID: PMC7226927 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a widespread disorder, and its prevalence has become a critical concern worldwide, due to its association with common co-morbidities like cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ and therefore plays a critical role in the survival of an individual, but its dysfunction or excess is directly linked to obesity. The journey from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells to the formation of mature adipocytes is a well-orchestrated program which requires the expression of several genes, their transcriptional factors, and signaling intermediates from numerous pathways. Understanding all the intricacies of adipogenesis is vital if we are to counter the current epidemic of obesity because the limited understanding of these intricacies is the main barrier to the development of potent therapeutic strategies against obesity. In particular, AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) plays a crucial role in regulating adipogenesis – it is arguably the central cellular energy regulation protein of the body. Since AMPK promotes the development of brown adipose tissue over that of white adipose tissue, special attention has been given to its role in adipose tissue development in recent years. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in adipogenesis, the role of signaling pathways and the substantial role of activated AMPK in the inhibition of adiposity, concluding with observations which will support the development of novel chemotherapies against obesity epidemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmad
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Isabel Lim Fong
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Eng Hwa Wong
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Efficiently Anti-Obesity Effects of Unsaturated Alginate Oligosaccharides (UAOS) in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Fed Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090540. [PMID: 31533255 PMCID: PMC6780860 DOI: 10.3390/md17090540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its related complications have become one of the leading problems affecting human health. However, current anti-obesity treatments are limited by high cost and numerous adverse effects. In this study, we investigated the use of a non-toxic green food additive, known as unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (UAOS) from the enzymatic degradation of Laminaria japonicais, which showed effective anti-obesity effects in a high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model. Compared with acid hydrolyzed saturated alginate oligosaccharides (SAOS), UAOS significantly reduced body weight, serum lipid, including triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and free fatty acids (FFA), liver weight, liver TG and TC, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, adipose mass, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and accumulation induced in HFD mice. Moreover, the structural differences in β-d-mannuronate (M) and its C5 epimer α-l-guluronate (G) did not cause significant functional differences. Meanwhile, UAOS significantly increased both AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation in adipocytes, which indicated that UAOS had an anti-obesity effect mainly through AMPK signaling. Our results indicate that UAOS has the potential for further development as an adjuvant treatment for many metabolic diseases such as fatty liver, hypertriglyceridemia, and possibly diabetes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sim MO, Lee HJ, Jeong DE, Jang JH, Jung HK, Cho HW. 6′-O-acetyl mangiferin from Iris rossii Baker inhibits lipid accumulation partly via AMPK activation in adipogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
28
|
Lin S, Wang Z, Lin Y, Ge S, Hamzah SS, Hu J. Bound phenolics from fresh lotus seeds exert anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-fed mice by activation of AMPK. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
29
|
Karsono AH, Tandrasasmita OM, Tjandrawinata RR. Bioactive fraction from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves (DLBS3733) reduces fat droplet by inhibiting adipogenesis and lipogenesis. J Exp Pharmacol 2019; 11:39-51. [PMID: 31118835 PMCID: PMC6507403 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s181642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity has become a risk factor for metabolic diseases. One of the cellular characteristics of obesity is the occurrence of adipose cells hyperplasia. Lagerstroemia speciosa is a plant which has been used for the treatment of diabetes. Furthermore, some studies also indicated that L. speciosa possesses antiobesity activity. Its antiobesity activity was examined in the present study through adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis pathways. Aim: DLBS3733, a bioactive fraction of L. speciosa, was explored for its potential benefits to alter obesity through adipogenesis and lipogenesis inhibition and lipolysis induction activity. Materials and methods: This study was performed using 3T3-L1 cells. mRNA level and protein expressions related to adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis pathways were assayed in this study. Results: Antiadipogenic effects of DLBS3733 (15 µg/mL) were found to be mediated by a significant downregulation of mRNA level of multicomponents involved in adipogenesis which include C/EBPα (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha) and PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) by 75% and 80.1% (p<0.05), respectively. DLBS3733 was found to inhibit lipogenesis, as shown by the significant reductions of adiponectin excretion and mRNA level of fatty acid synthase, SREBP (sterol regulatory element-binding protein), and ACC-β (Acetyl-CoA carboxylase) by 44.7%, 70.9%, and 83.1%, respectively (p<0.05). In addition, DLBS3733 was found to inhibit fat droplets accumulation in the cells in a dose-dependent manner through Oil-Red O staining. pAMPK protein was upregulated by 75% and ACC-β was downregulated by 88% (p<0.05) which indicates the reduction of lipid synthesis. Meanwhile, DLBS3733 showed an insignificant effect on adipose triglyceride lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, and carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1 which indicate that DLBS3733 does not induce lipolysis. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the inhibitory activity of DLBS3733 on adipogenesis and lipogenesis. DLBS3733 may provide an effective and potential benefit in the prevention of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agung Heru Karsono
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Research Innovation and Invention, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Olivia Mayasari Tandrasasmita
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Research Innovation and Invention, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata
- Section of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Research Innovation and Invention, Dexa Laboratories of Biomolecular Sciences, Dexa Medica, Cikarang, West Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chang E, Kim CY. Natural Products and Obesity: A Focus on the Regulation of Mitotic Clonal Expansion during Adipogenesis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061157. [PMID: 30909556 PMCID: PMC6471203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized as a worldwide health crisis. Obesity and its associated health complications such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases impose a big social and economic burden. In an effort to identify safe, efficient, and long-term effective methods to treat obesity, various natural products with potential for inhibiting adipogenesis were revealed. This review aimed to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis and the inhibitory effects of various phytochemicals, including those from natural sources, on the early stage of adipogenesis. We discuss key steps (proliferation and cell cycle) and their regulators (cell-cycle regulator, transcription factors, and intracellular signaling pathways) at the early stage of adipocyte differentiation as the mechanisms responsible for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Chang
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Choon Young Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang Z, Hu J, Hamzah SS, Ge S, Lin Y, Zheng B, Zeng S, Lin S. n-Butanol Extract of Lotus Seeds Exerts Antiobesity Effects in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice via Activating Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1092-1103. [PMID: 30621393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the antiobesity effects of n-butanol extract of lotus seeds (LBE) were evaluated in cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. LBE decreased lipid contents in mature 3T3-L1 cells without obvious cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, LBE supplementation also led to weight loss and improved plasma lipid profiles in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, LBE could activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) accompanied by down-regulation of lipogenesis related genes (PPARγ, aP2, LPL, C/EBPα, FAS, SREBP-1c) and up-regulation of lipolysis genes (adiponectin and PPARα) in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our data demonstrated LBE possesses antiadipogenic and antilipogenic activities which are, at least partially, mediated by the activation of AMPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Jiamiao Hu
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Siti Sarah Hamzah
- Institute for Medical Research , Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Shenghan Ge
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Yilin Lin
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Baodong Zheng
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Shaoxiao Zeng
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| | - Shaoling Lin
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , 350002 , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang P, Zhang H, Wan J, Hu J, Liu J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yu LL. Dietary sn-2 palmitic triacylglycerols reduced faecal lipids, calcium contents and altered lipid metabolism in Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 70:474-483. [PMID: 30569770 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1541968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the impact of dietary sn-2 palmitic triacylglycerol (sn-2 PTAG) on faecal lipids, calcium excretion and lipid metabolic alternation was investigated in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats fed with high-fat diet containing either palm olein (PO, sn-2 palmitic acid (PA) of 14.8%), sn-2 PTAG50 (sn-2 PA of 56.4%) or sn-2 PTAG70 (sn-2 PA of 72.4%), respectively. After 4-week feeding period, SD rats fed with sn-2 PTAGs showed reduced faecal soap fatty acids, neutral lipid and calcium excretion compared to those of PO-fed rats, whereas a significant difference was only observed for the sn-2 PTAG70-fed rats (p < .05). Moreover, dietary sn-2 PTAG70 also showed a significant effect on decreasing serum triacylglycerol (TAG) level, reducing perirenal adipocyte size and regulating lipid metabolism in small intestine and perirenal adipose tissue of SD rats. Significantly increased mRNA levels of genes involved in intestinal lipid anabolism as well as lipid catabolism were both observed in the sn-2 PTAG70-fed rats (p < .05). Meanwhile, dietary sn-2 PTAG70 also significantly up-regulated lipolysis, mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis-related gene and protein levels in perirenal adipose tissue, which might be correlated with the reduced perirenal adipocyte size. Taken together, our findings indicated that sn-2 PTAG70 may have some beneficial effects on intestinal lipid utilisation and lipid metabolic activity for energy supply in visceral adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Puyu Yang
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Hong Zhang
- b Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianchun Wan
- b Wilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co. Ltd , Shanghai , China
| | - Jinyu Hu
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Junchen Liu
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Jing Wang
- c Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU) , Beijing , China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- a Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai , China
| | - Liangli Lucy Yu
- d Department of Nutrition and Food Science , University of Maryland , College Park , ML , USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Li CC, Yen CC, Fan CT, Chuang WT, Huang CS, Chen HW, Lii CK. 14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide suppresses adipogenesis of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes by inhibiting CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β activation and AMPK-mediated mitotic clonal expansion. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 359:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
34
|
Lyons CL, Roche HM. Nutritional Modulation of AMPK-Impact upon Metabolic-Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3092. [PMID: 30304866 PMCID: PMC6213547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional status provides metabolic substrates to activate AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), the energy sensor that regulates metabolism. Recent evidence has demonstrated that AMPK has wider functions with respect to regulating immune cell metabolism and function. One such example is the regulatory role that AMPK has on NLRP3-inlflammasome and IL-1β biology. This in turn can result in subsequent negative downstream effects on glucose, lipid and insulin metabolism. Nutrient stress in the form of obesity can impact AMPK and whole-body metabolism, leading to complications such as type 2 diabetes and cancer risk. There is a lack of data regarding the nature and extent that nutrient status has on AMPK and metabolic-inflammation. However, emerging work elucidates to a direct role of individual nutrients on AMPK and metabolic-inflammation, as a possible means of modulating AMPK activity. The posit being to use such nutritional agents to re-configure metabolic-inflammation towards more oxidative phosphorylation and promote the resolution of inflammation. The complex paradigm will be discussed within the context of if/how dietary components, nutrients including fatty acids and non-nutrient food components, such as resveratrol, berberine, curcumin and the flavonoid genistein, modulate AMPK dependent processes relating to inflammation and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Lyons
- Unit of Molecular Metabolism, Lund University Diabetes Center, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, 4 Dublin, Ireland.
- Institute of Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee MS, Han HJ, Han SY, Kim IY, Chae S, Lee CS, Kim SE, Yoon SG, Park JW, Kim JH, Shin S, Jeong M, Ko A, Lee HY, Oh KJ, Lee YH, Bae KH, Koo SH, Kim JW, Seong JK, Hwang D, Song J. Loss of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 represses diet-induced metabolic syndrome through AMPK activation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3404. [PMID: 30143610 PMCID: PMC6109074 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in controlling energy metabolism in response to physiological and nutritional status. Although AMPK activation has been proposed as a promising molecular target for treating obesity and its related comorbidities, the use of pharmacological AMPK activators has been met with contradictory therapeutic challenges. Here we show a regulatory mechanism for AMPK through its ubiquitination and degradation by the E3 ubiquitin ligase makorin ring finger protein 1 (MKRN1). MKRN1 depletion promotes glucose consumption and suppresses lipid accumulation due to AMPK stabilisation and activation. Accordingly, MKRN1-null mice show chronic AMPK activation in both liver and adipose tissue, resulting in significant suppression of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. We demonstrate also its therapeutic effect by administering shRNA targeting MKRN1 into obese mice that reverses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. We suggest that ubiquitin-dependent AMPK degradation represents a target therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders. AMPK activation has been suggested as treatment for obesity and its complications. Here the authors show that the ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 binds to AMPK and mediates its ubiquitination and degradation. Loss of MKRN1 leads to AMPK activation, increased glucose consumption and decreased lipid accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sik Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle CLS-16060.2, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hyun-Ji Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Young Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 Program for Creative Veterinary Science and Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Chae
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, and Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Sil Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Yoon
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Park
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Shin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Manhyung Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoi Koo
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea-Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and BK21 Program for Creative Veterinary Science and Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, and Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Synergistic Effect of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix on Adipogenesis and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase: A Network Pharmacological Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:5269731. [PMID: 30210572 PMCID: PMC6126083 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5269731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health threat in developed countries. However, current medications for obesity are limited because of their adverse effects. Interest in natural products for the treatment of obesity is thus rapidly growing. Korean medicine is characterized by the wide use of herbal formulas. However, the combination rule of herbal formulas in Korean medicine lacks experimental evidence. According to Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, the earliest book of herbal medicine, Bupleuri Radix (BR) and Scutellariae Radix (SR) possess the Sangsoo relationship, which means they have synergistic features when used together. Therefore these two are frequently used together in prescriptions such as Sosiho-Tang. In this study, we used the network pharmacological method to predict the interaction between these two herbs and then investigated the effects of BR, SR, and their combination on obesity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. BR, SR, and BR-SR mixture significantly decreased lipid accumulation and the expressions of two major adipogenic factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPα), and their downstream genes, Adipoq, aP2, and Lipin1 in 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, the BR-SR mixture had synergistic effects compared with BR or SR on inhibition of adipogenic-gene expressions. BR and SR also inhibited the protein expressions of PPARγ and C/EBPα. Furthermore, the two extracts successfully activated AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK α), the key regulator of energy metabolism. When compared to those of BR or SR, the BR-SR mixture showed higher inhibition rates of PPARγ and C/EBPα, along with higher activation rate of AMPK. These results indicate a new potential antiobese pharmacotherapy and also provide scientific evidence supporting the usage of herbal combinations instead of mixtures in Korean medicine.
Collapse
|
37
|
Song JH, Kang HB, Kim JH, Kwak S, Sung GJ, Park SH, Jeong JH, Kim H, Lee J, Jun W, Kim Y, Choi KC. Antiobesity and Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Dendropanax morbifera Water Extracts in Mouse 3T3-L1 Cells. J Med Food 2018; 21:793-800. [PMID: 30048215 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the most common metabolic disease in developed countries and has become a global epidemic in recent years. Obesity is associated with various metabolic abnormalities, including glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Leaves from the plant Dendropanax morbiferus are beneficial to health as they contain high levels of vitamin C and tannin. There have been seminal studies on the anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetes, and antihyperglycemic effects of treatments with D. morbiferus trees. Herein, we investigated the toxicity of D. morbiferus water (DLW) extracts in vitro, and demonstrated no toxicity at 5-500 μg/mL in 24-72-h experiments with 3T3-L1 cells. The DLW increased cell viability at 48 h and inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells by reducing intracellular triglyceride levels and glucose uptake. In addition, mRNA and protein expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes were lowered by DLW, suggesting antiobesity effects in mouse 3T3-L1 cells. Because few studies have demonstrated cholesterol-lowering effects of D. morbiferus, we investigated the activities of adipogenic transcriptional factors following treatments of 3T3-L1 cells with D. morbiferus and observed increased CEBPα, CEBPβ, PPARγ, and SREBP1 activities in the cells, indicating that DLW extracts inhibit adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Song
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Bum Kang
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungmin Kwak
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Jun Sung
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Park
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Jeong
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunhee Kim
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- 3 Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University , Yongin-si, Kyunggi-do, Korea
| | - Woojin Jun
- 4 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yongjae Kim
- 5 HBJbiofarm Research Institute , Cheomdan-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , ASAN Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,2 Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Park JE, Lee JS, Lee HA, Han JS. Portulaca oleraceaL. Extract Enhances Glucose Uptake by Stimulating GLUT4 Translocation to the Plasma Membrane in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. J Med Food 2018; 21:462-468. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ko JH, Nam D, Um JY, Jung SH, Ahn KS. Bergamottin Inhibits Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Cells and Weight Regulation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:601-615. [PMID: 29614883 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious and increasing health problem worldwide, and the inhibition of adipogenesis is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for it. Bergamottin (BGM), a component of grapefruit juice, has been reported to regulate lipolysis. However, the physiological role of BGM in obesity has not been evaluated so far. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BGM on obesity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). BGM inhibited adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells along with a significant decrease in the lipid content by downregulating the expression of two critical adipogenic factors, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBP[Formula: see text]) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR[Formula: see text]). The expressions of target proteins such as adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), adiponectin, and resistin were also decreased by BGM. It activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by increasing phosphorylation of AMPK and the downstream target acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), indicating that BGM exerted its antiadipogenic effect through AMPK activation. In the HFD-induced obese mouse model, BGM administration significantly reduced the weight and sizes of white adipose tissue as well as the weight gain of mice fed HFD. Moreover, UCP1 and PGC1[Formula: see text] expressions, well-known as brown adipocyte marker genes, were higher in the BGM-treated HFD mice than that in the HFD-induced obese mice. This study suggests that BGM suppress adipogenesis by AMPK activation in vitro and reduces body weight in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyeon Ko
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwoo Nam
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- † KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- * Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,† KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee JH, Jeong JK, Park SY. AMPK Activation Mediated by Hinokitiol Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Autophagy Flux. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:2014192. [PMID: 30123258 PMCID: PMC6079415 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2014192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hinokitiol, a natural monopenoid present in the essential oil of Calocedrus formosana heartwood, exerts potent anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects on various cells. However, the antiobesity effect of hinokitiol on adipocytes is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, we observed that hinokitiol affected the differentiation to adipocytes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Hinokitiol was treated with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, insulin, and dexamethasone to induce differentiation and maturing adipocytes in cultured MSCs. KEY RESULTS Hinokitiol treatment of MSCs decreased their differentiation to mature adipocytes and increased AMPK phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, we confirmed that the antiadipogenic effect of hinokitiol was associated with autophagy. The levels of LC3-II decreased and those of p62 increased in hinokitiol-treated MSCs. The treatment of hinokitiol-treated MSCs with the autophagy activator, rapamycin, restored the hinokitiol-induced decrease in the adipocyte differentiation of MSCs. The inhibition of AMPK phosphorylation also suppressed hinokitiol-mediated inhibition of autophagy and antiadipogenic effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these results indicated that AMPK activation and autophagy flux inhibition mediated by hinokitiol inhibited lipid accumulation and differentiation of MSCs to adipocytes and also suggest that differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells may be regulated by using the modulator of autophagy flux and AMPK signals including hinokitiol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Lee
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, 88 Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu City 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lim Y, Sung J, Yang J, Jeong HS, Lee J. Butein inhibits adipocyte differentiation by modulating the AMPK pathway in 3T3-L1 cells. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongrae Lim
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Korea
| | - Jeehye Sung
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Korea
| | - Jinwoo Yang
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Korea
| | - Heon Sang Jeong
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Division of Food and Animal Sciences; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Chungbuk Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang SJ, Lu WY, Liu KY. Adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon suppresses adipogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells through the adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:7163-7169. [PMID: 28901521 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, on adipogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells and to explore the underlying mechanisms. C3H10T1/2 cells were treated with increasing doses of AdipoRon for 8 days, and Oil Red O staining was used to assess lipid accumulation. The protein and mRNA expression levels of adipogenic transcription factors and adipocyte‑specific genes were examined by western blotting and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. AdipoRon treatment inhibited lipid accumulation in C3H10T1/2 cells in a dose‑dependent manner and significantly suppressed the expression of adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ, CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)‑β and C/EBPα. In addition, cells treated with AdipoRon exhibited a significant decrease in the expression of adipocyte‑specific genes, including fatty acid binding protein 4, fatty acid synthase, leptin, adiponectin, and stearoyl‑CoA desaturase‑1. Notably, AdipoRon significantly increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl‑CoA carboxylase (ACC). The results indicated that AdipoRon exerted an inhibitory effect on adipogenesis in C3H10T1/2 cells by downregulating the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and adipocyte‑specific genes and by promoting the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC, which suggested that AdipoRon may be a potential drug to prevent and treat diseases caused by abnormal adipogenesis, such as obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Yi Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital and Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zechner R, Madeo F, Kratky D. Cytosolic lipolysis and lipophagy: two sides of the same coin. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:671-684. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
44
|
Murugesan V, Degerman E, Holmen-Pålbrink AK, Duner P, Knutsson A, Hultgårdh-Nilsson A, Rauch U. β-Sarcoglycan Deficiency Reduces Atherosclerotic Plaque Development in ApoE-Null Mice. J Vasc Res 2017; 54:235-245. [PMID: 28768281 DOI: 10.1159/000478014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle cells are important for atherosclerotic plaque stability. Their proper ability to communicate with the extracellular matrix is crucial for maintaining the correct tissue integrity. In this study, we have investigated the role of β-sarcoglycan within the matrix-binding dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in the development of atherosclerosis. RESULTS Atherosclerotic plaque development was significantly reduced in ApoE-deficient mice lacking β-sarcoglycan, and their plaques contained an increase in differentiated smooth muscle cells. ApoE-deficient mice lacking β-sarcoglycan showed a reduction in ovarian adipose tissue and adipocyte size, while the total weight of the animals was not significantly different. Western blot analysis of adipose tissues showed a decreased activation of protein kinase B, while that of AMP-activated kinase was increased in mice lacking β-sarcoglycan. Analysis of plasma in β-sarcoglycan-deficient mice revealed reduced levels of leptin, adiponectin, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides but increased levels of IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and β-sarcoglycan can affect the atherosclerotic process. Furthermore, the results show the effects of β-sarcoglycan deficiency on adipose tissue and lipid metabolism, which may also have contributed to the atherosclerotic plaque reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Murugesan
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Song Y, Oh GH, Kim MB, Hwang JK. Fucosterol inhibits adipogenesis through the activation of AMPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:489-494. [PMID: 30263569 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosterol is a sterol constituent primarily derived from brown algae. Recently, the antiadipogenic effect of fucosterol has been reported; however, its molecular mechanism remains to be studied. Fucosterol effectively upregulated the phosphorylations of both adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and downregulated the expression levels of lipogenesis-related factors. Moreover, fucosterol activated the major components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, including β-catenin, disheveled 2 (DVL2), and cyclin D1 (CCND1), whereas it inactivated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-GSK3β) by stimulating its phosphorylation. In the presence or absence of fucosterol, the adipogenic transcriptional factors [peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c)] were upregulated by the inhibition of AMPK by compound C or the knockdown of β-catenin by siRNA. Overall, these data demonstrate that fucosterol prevents adipogenesis by mediating both AMPK- and Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Song
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
| | - Ga Hui Oh
- 2Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
| | - Mi-Bo Kim
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- 1Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea.,2Department of Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03772 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Piao GC, Liu GC, Jin XJ, Jin D, Yuan HD. Tetrahydropalmatine inhibits lipid accumulation through AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3912-3918. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
47
|
Seo M, Goo TW, Chung MY, Baek M, Hwang JS, Kim MA, Yun EY. Tenebrio molitor Larvae Inhibit Adipogenesis through AMPK and MAPKs Signaling in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Obesity in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030518. [PMID: 28264489 PMCID: PMC5372534 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in insect-based bioactive products, the biological activities of these products are rarely studied adequately. Larvae of Tenebrio molitor, the yellow mealworm, have been eaten as a traditional food and provide many health benefits. Therefore, we hypothesized that T. molitor larvae might influence adipogenesis and obesity-related disorders. In the present study, we investigated the anti-adipogenic and antiobesity effects of T. molitor larvae in vitro and in vivo. The lipid accumulation and triglyceride content in mature adipocytes was reduced significantly (up to 90%) upon exposure to an ethanol extract of T. molitor larvae, without a reduction in cell viability. Exposure also resulted in key adipogenic and lipogenic transcription factors. Additionally, in adipogenic differentiation medium the extract induced phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases. Daily oral administration of T. molitor larvae powder to obese mice fed high-fat diet attenuated body weight gain. We also found that the powder efficiently reduced hepatic steatosis as well as aspartate and alanine transaminase enzyme levels in mice fed a high-fat diet. Our results suggest that T. molitor larvae extract has an antiobesity effect when administered as a food supplement and has potential as a therapeutic agent for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Tae-Won Goo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Korea.
| | - Mi Yeon Chung
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Minhee Baek
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Jae-Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Mi-Ae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea.
| | - Eun-Young Yun
- Graduate School of Integrated Bioindustry, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
AMPK and PKA interaction in the regulation of survival of liver cancer cells subjected to glucose starvation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:17815-28. [PMID: 26894973 PMCID: PMC4951252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways that govern survival response in hepatic cancer cells subjected to nutritional restriction have not been clarified yet. In this study we showed that liver cancer cells undergoing glucose deprivation both arrested in G0/G1 and died mainly by apoptosis. Treatment with the AMPK activator AICAR phenocopied the effect of glucose deprivation on cell survival, whereas AMPK silencing in HepG2/C3A, HuH-7 or SK-Hep-1 cells blocked the cell cycle arrest and the increase in apoptotic death induced by glucose starvation. Both AMPK and PKA were promptly activated after glucose withdrawal. PKA signaling had a dual role during glucose starvation: whereas it elicited an early decreased in cell viability, it later improved this parameter. We detected AMPK phosphorylation (AMPKα(Ser173)) by PKA, which was increased in glucose starved cells and was associated with diminution of AMPK activation. To better explore this inhibitory effect, we constructed a hepatocarcinoma derived cell line which stably expressed an AMPK mutant lacking that PKA phosphorylation site: AMPKα1(S173C). Expression of this mutant significantly decreased viability in cells undergoing glucose starvation. Furthermore, after 36 h of glucose deprivation, the index of AMPKα1(S173C) apoptotic cells doubled the apoptotic index observed in control cells. Two main remarks arise: 1. AMPK is the central signaling kinase in the scenario of cell cycle arrest and death induced by glucose starvation in hepatic cancer cells; 2. PKA phosphorylation of Ser173 comes out as a strong control point that limits the antitumor effects of AMPK in this situation.
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu M, Liu H, Xie J, Xu Q, Pan C, Wang J, Wu X, Sanabil S, Zheng M, Liu J. Anti-obesity effects of zeaxanthin on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte and high fat induced obese mice. Food Funct 2017; 8:3327-3338. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zeaxanthin inhibited lipogenesis in adipocytes and attenuated progression of obesity in mice by inducing AMPK activation and suppressing adipocyte-specific factors.
Collapse
|
50
|
Gao D, Zhang YL, Yang FQ, Li F, Zhang QH, Xia ZN. The flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (wall.) Meisn. suppresses adipogenesis through modulation of the AMPK pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 191:379-386. [PMID: 27350007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The flower of Edgeworthia gardneri (Wall.) Meisn., locally named "Lvluohua, ", has been widely used as Tibetan folk medicine for the treatment of metabolic diseases for a long time. AIM OF THIS STUDY To evaluate the anti-adipogenesis effect of ethyl acetate extract of the flower of E. gardneri (EEG extract) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Obesity-related parameters such as lipid accumulation and TG content were determined by Oil red O staining and enzymatic kit, respectively. Western blotting was used to determine the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), phosphorylated adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Moreover, main constituents of EEG extract were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS EEG extract decreased the lipid and triglyceride (TG) accumulations during the differentiation process and down-regulated the adipogenesis-related transcriptional factors PPARγ and C/EBPα. EEG extract treatment increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation. In addition, pretreatment with AMPK inhibitor, weakened the inhibitory effects of EEG extract on the expressions of PPARγand C/EBPα. HPLC analysis indicated that tiliroside was the main constituent in EEG extract. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that EEG extract may exert anti-adipogenic effects through modulation of the AMPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Die Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yong-Lan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Fan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Qi-Hui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Zhi-Ning Xia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| |
Collapse
|