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Huang C, Chen X, Ouyang Z, Meng L, Liu J, Pang Q, Fan R. Bisphenol a accelerates the glucolipotoxicity-induced dysfunction of rat insulinoma cell lines: An implication for a potential risk of environmental bisphenol a exposure for individuals susceptible to type 2 diabetes. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 99:105866. [PMID: 38844119 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2024.105866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested a correlation between bisphenol A (BPA) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The effects of BPA on β-cell dysfunction may reveal the risks from an in vitro perspective. We used the rat insulinoma (INS-1) cell lines (a type of β-cells) to set up normal or damaged models (DM), which were exposed to various concentrations of BPA (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μM). An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis, and a decrease in cell viability were observed in INS-1 cells exposed to high doses of BPA for 48 h. Interestingly, exposure to lower doses of BPA for 24 h resulted in increased ROS levels and apoptosis rates in INS-1 in the DM group, along with decreased cell viability, suggesting that BPA exerts toxicity to INS-1 cells, particularly to the DM group. Insulin levels and Glut2 expression, glucose consumption, intracellular Ca2+ and insulin secretion were increased in INS-1 cells after 48 h exposure to high dose of BPA. Stronger effects were observed in the DM group, even those exposed to low doses of BPA for 24 h. Moreover, BPA inhibited high glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in these cells. Our research suggests that low doses of BPA exacerbate the dysfunction caused by glucolipotoxicity, implying environmental BPA exposure poses a risk for individuals with prediabetes or T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmeng Huang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zedong Ouyang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lingxue Meng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Qihua Pang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Ruifang Fan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drug and Food Biological Resources Processing and Comprehensive Utilization, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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2
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Dalle S, Abderrahmani A. Receptors and Signaling Pathways Controlling Beta-Cell Function and Survival as Targets for Anti-Diabetic Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2024; 13:1244. [PMID: 39120275 PMCID: PMC11311556 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Preserving the function and survival of pancreatic beta-cells, in order to achieve long-term glycemic control and prevent complications, is an essential feature for an innovative drug to have clinical value in the treatment of diabetes. Innovative research is developing therapeutic strategies to prevent pathogenic mechanisms and protect beta-cells from the deleterious effects of inflammation and/or chronic hyperglycemia over time. A better understanding of receptors and signaling pathways, and of how they interact with each other in beta-cells, remains crucial and is a prerequisite for any strategy to develop therapeutic tools aimed at modulating beta-cell function and/or mass. Here, we present a comprehensive review of our knowledge on membrane and intracellular receptors and signaling pathways as targets of interest to protect beta-cells from dysfunction and apoptotic death, which opens or could open the way to the development of innovative therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Dalle
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, F59000 Lille, France
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3
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Arden C, Park SH, Yasasilka XR, Lee EY, Lee MS. Autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction in diabetes and its complications. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00170-X. [PMID: 39054224 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy is critical for energy homeostasis and the function of organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Dysregulated autophagy due to aging, environmental factors, or genetic predisposition can be an underlying cause of not only diabetes through β-cell dysfunction and metabolic inflammation, but also diabetic complications such as diabetic kidney diseases (DKDs). Dysfunction of lysosomes, effector organelles of autophagic degradation, due to metabolic stress or nutrients/metabolites accumulating in metabolic diseases is also emerging as a cause or aggravating element in diabetes and its complications. Here, we discuss the etiological role of dysregulated autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction in diabetes and a potential role of autophagy or lysosomal modulation as a new avenue for treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Arden
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Seo H Park
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Xaviera Riani Yasasilka
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Y Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Haemmerle MW, Scota AV, Khosravifar M, Varney MJ, Sen S, Good AL, Yang X, Wells KL, Sussel L, Rozo AV, Doliba NM, Ghanem LR, Stoffers DA. RNA-binding protein PCBP2 regulates pancreatic β cell function and adaptation to glucose. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172436. [PMID: 38950317 PMCID: PMC11178539 DOI: 10.1172/jci172436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucose plays a key role in shaping pancreatic β cell function. Thus, deciphering the mechanisms by which this nutrient stimulates β cells holds therapeutic promise for combating β cell failure in type 2 diabetes (T2D). β Cells respond to hyperglycemia in part by rewiring their mRNA metabolism, yet the mechanisms governing these changes remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a requirement for the RNA-binding protein PCBP2 in maintaining β cell function basally and during sustained hyperglycemic challenge. PCBP2 was induced in primary mouse islets incubated with elevated glucose and was required to adapt insulin secretion. Transcriptomic analysis of primary Pcbp2-deficient β cells revealed impacts on basal and glucose-regulated mRNAs encoding core components of the insulin secretory pathway. Accordingly, Pcbp2-deficient β cells exhibited defects in calcium flux, insulin granule ultrastructure and exocytosis, and the amplification pathway of insulin secretion. Further, PCBP2 was induced by glucose in primary human islets, was downregulated in islets from T2D donors, and impacted genes commonly altered in islets from donors with T2D and linked to single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with T2D. Thus, these findings establish a paradigm for PCBP2 in governing basal and glucose-adaptive gene programs critical for shaping the functional state of β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Haemmerle
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrea V. Scota
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mina Khosravifar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J. Varney
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Austin L. Good
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaodun Yang
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Lori Sussel
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, and
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrea V. Rozo
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolai M. Doliba
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Louis R. Ghanem
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Doris A. Stoffers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Dalle S. Targeting Protein Kinases to Protect Beta-Cell Function and Survival in Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6425. [PMID: 38928130 PMCID: PMC11203834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. Massive death of pancreatic beta-cells causes type 1 diabetes. Progressive loss of beta-cell function and mass characterizes type 2 diabetes. To date, none of the available antidiabetic drugs promotes the maintenance of a functional mass of endogenous beta-cells, revealing an unmet medical need. Dysfunction and apoptotic death of beta-cells occur, in particular, through the activation of intracellular protein kinases. In recent years, protein kinases have become highly studied targets of the pharmaceutical industry for drug development. A number of drugs that inhibit protein kinases have been approved for the treatment of cancers. The question of whether safe drugs that inhibit protein kinase activity can be developed and used to protect the function and survival of beta-cells in diabetes is still unresolved. This review presents arguments suggesting that several protein kinases in beta-cells may represent targets of interest for the development of drugs to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Dalle
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 34094 Montpellier, France
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6
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Aksoy AN, Abayomi J, Relph N, Butler T. Physiological and psychological determinants of long-term diet-induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remission: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13733. [PMID: 38511597 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent metabolic disease, causing a heavy burden on healthcare systems worldwide, with related complications and anti-diabetes drug prescriptions. Recently, it was demonstrated that T2DM can be put into remission via significant weight loss using low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and very low-energy diets (VLEDs) in individuals with overweight and obesity. Clinical trials demonstrated remission rates of 25-77%, and metabolic improvements such as improved blood lipid profile and blood pressure were observed. In contrast, clinical trials showed that remission rate declines with time, concurrent with weight gain, or diminished weight loss. This review aims to discuss existing literature regarding underlying determinants of long-term remission of T2DM including metabolic adaptations to weight loss (e.g., role of gastrointestinal hormones), type of dietary intervention (i.e., LCDs or VLEDs), maintaining beta (β)-cell function, early glycemic control, and psychosocial factors. This narrative review is significant because determining the factors that are associated with challenges in maintaining long-term remission may help in designing sustainable interventions for type 2 diabetes remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Nur Aksoy
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Julie Abayomi
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Nicola Relph
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Thomas Butler
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
- Cardio-Respiratory Research Centre, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
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7
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Sakayanathan P, Loganathan C, Thayumanavan P. Protection of pancreatic beta cells against high glucose-induced toxicity by astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine diester: alteration of oxidative stress and apoptotic-related protein expression. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:316-324. [PMID: 35482540 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2022.2064878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: High glucose (HG)-induced oxidative stress is associated with apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. The protective effect of astaxanthin-s-allyl cysteine diester (AST-SAC) against HG-induced oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells (βTC-tet cell line) in in vitro was studied.Materials and Methods: βTC-tet cell line was exposed to HG in the presence and absence of AST-SAC. Various parameters such as cell viability, reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation and expression of proteins involved in apoptosis [p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), cytochrome c and caspase 3] were studied.Results: Pre-treatment of βTC-tet cells with AST-SAC (4, 8 and 12 μg/ml) in the presence of HG (25 mM) protected the viability of the cells in a dose-dependent manner. AST-SAC treatment mitigated the oxidative stress thereby preventing the mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage and apoptosis in βTC-tet cells against HG toxicity. Treatment with AST-SAC prevented the increased expression of p53 under HG conditions. Further, AST-SAC treatment maintained the level of pro-apoptotic (Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins to that of the control level under HG exposed conditions in βTC-tet cells.Conclusion: Altogether, AST-SAC alleviated HG-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells by enhancing the antioxidant status and altering apoptotic-related protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chitra Loganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, Salem, India
- Research and Development center, Bioinnov Solutions LLP, Salem, India
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8
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Ferenc K, Marcinkowski M, Olszewski J, Kowalczyk P, Pilžys T, Garbicz D, Dib N, Świderska B, Matyba P, Gajewski Z, Grzesiuk E, Zabielski R. The proteomic profile is altered but not repaired after bariatric surgery in type 2 diabetes pigs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10235. [PMID: 38702370 PMCID: PMC11068747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To reveal the sources of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans, animal models, mainly rodents, have been used. Here, we propose a pig model of T2D. Weaned piglets were fed high fat/high sugar diet suppling 150% of metabolizable energy. Measurements of weight gain, blood morphology, glucose plasma levels, cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as glucose tolerance (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT) were employed to observe T2D development. The histology and mass spectrometry analyses were made post mortem. Within 6 months, the high fat-high sugar (HFHS) fed pigs showed gradual and significant increase in plasma triglycerides and glucose levels in comparison to the controls. Using OGTT test, we found stable glucose intolerance in 10 out of 14 HFHS pigs. Mass spectrometry analysis indicated significant changes in 330 proteins in the intestine, liver, and pancreas of the HFHS pigs. These pigs showed also an increase in DNA base modifications and elevated level of the ALKBH proteins in the tissues. Six diabetic HFHS pigs underwent Scopinaro bariatric surgery restoring glycaemia one month after surgery. In conclusion, a high energy diet applied to piglets resulted in the development of hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, and type 2 diabetes being reversed by a bariatric procedure, excluding the proteomic profile utill one month after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Ferenc
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Marcinkowski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Olszewski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Tomaš Pilžys
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Garbicz
- Institute of Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research, W.K. Roentgena 5, 02-781, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Naser Dib
- European Health Centre Otwock (ECZ Otwock), The Fryderyk Chopin Hospital, Borowa 14/18, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Bianka Świderska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Matyba
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdzisław Gajewski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Grzesiuk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Romuald Zabielski
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Miya A, Nakamura A, Nomoto H, Kameda H, Atsumi T. Positive association between the proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio and prolonged hyperglycemic time in type 2 diabetes. Endocr J 2024; 71:403-408. [PMID: 38403638 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej23-0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The proinsulin-to-C-peptide (PI:C) ratio is an index applied during the early stage of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics associated with the PI:C ratio to discuss pancreatic β-cell dysfunction progression during the natural course of type 2 diabetes and its relationship with glycemic management. This multicenter, prospective observational study included 272 outpatients with type 2 diabetes. Continuous glucose monitoring was performed and fasting blood samples were collected and analyzed. We identified the clinical factors associated with the PI:C ratio by multiple regression analysis. The mean age of the cohort was 68.0 years, mean hemoglobin A1c 7.1% (54 mmol/mol), and mean body mass index 24.9 kg/m2. Multiple regression analysis showed that a prolonged time above the target glucose range (>180 mg/dL) and high body mass index contributed to a high PI:C ratio. However, no associations were found between the PI:C ratio and glucose variability indices. These findings suggested that the PI:C ratio is positively associated with a prolonged hyperglycemic time in type 2 diabetes, whereas its relationship with glucose variability remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Miya
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nomoto
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiraku Kameda
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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10
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Yamagata K, Tsuyama T, Sato Y. Roles of β-Cell Hypoxia in the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4186. [PMID: 38673770 PMCID: PMC11050445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease marked by hyperglycemia; impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells is a hallmark of this disease. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia occurs in the β-cells of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypoxia, in turn, contributes to the insulin secretion defect and β-cell loss through various mechanisms, including the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors, induction of transcriptional repressors, and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. This review focuses on advances in our understanding of the contribution of β-cell hypoxia to the development of β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. A better understanding of β-cell hypoxia might be useful in the development of new strategies for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Tsuyama
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Yoshifumi Sato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
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11
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Tan SC, Rajendran R, Bhattamisra SK, Krishnappa P, Davamani F, Chitra E, Ambu S, Furman B, Candasamy M. Protective effects of madecassoside, a triterpenoid from Centella asiatica, against oxidative stress in INS-1E cells. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38340357 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2315499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Progressive decline in β cell function and reduction in the β cell mass is important in type 2 diabetes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that madecassoside's previously demonstrated in vivo protective effects on the β cell in experimental diabetes were exerted directly. We investigated the effects of madecassoside in protecting a β cell line (INS-1E) against a variety of agents. INS-1E cells were treated with madecassoside in the presence of high glucose (HG), a cytokine mixture, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or streptozotocin (STZ). HG, the cytokine mixture, H2O2 and STZ each produced a significant decrease in cell viability; this was significantly reversed by madecassoside. Pre-treatment with madecassoside reduced the number of apoptotic cells induced by HG, the cytokine mixture, H2O2, and STZ, and concentration-dependently reduced ROS production. Madecassoside also significantly enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion. The results suggest that madecassoside's in vivo effects are exerted directly on the β cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Ching Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ramkumar Rajendran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Purushotham Krishnappa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fabian Davamani
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ebenezer Chitra
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Ambu
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brian Furman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules & Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Yang X, Ding W, Chen Z, Lai K, Liu Y. The role of autophagy in insulin resistance and glucolipid metabolism and potential use of autophagy modulating natural products in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3762. [PMID: 38287719 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a severe, long-term condition characterised by disruptions in glucolipid and energy metabolism. Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, serves as a guardian of cellular health by recycling and renewing cellular components. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the vital role that autophagy plays in T2DM, we conducted an extensive search for high-quality publications across databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder and used keywords like 'autophagy', 'insulin resistance', and 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', both individually and in combinations. A large body of evidence underscores the significance of activating autophagy in alleviating T2DM symptoms. An enhanced autophagic activity, either by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and sirtuin-1 signalling pathways or inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signalling pathway, can effectively improve insulin resistance and balance glucolipid metabolism in key tissues like the hypothalamus, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Furthermore, autophagy can increase β-cell mass and functionality in the pancreas. This review provides a narrative summary of autophagy regulation with an emphasis on the intricate connection between autophagy and T2DM symptoms. It also discusses the therapeutic potentials of natural products with autophagy activation properties for the treatment of T2DM conditions. Our findings suggest that autophagy activation represents an innovative approach of treating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyi Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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13
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Osipovich AB, Zhou FY, Chong JJ, Trinh LT, Cottam MA, Shrestha S, Cartailler JP, Magnuson MA. Deletion of Ascl1 in pancreatic β-cells improves insulin secretion, promotes parasympathetic innervation, and attenuates dedifferentiation during metabolic stress. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101811. [PMID: 37769990 PMCID: PMC10570713 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ASCL1, a pioneer transcription factor, is essential for neural cell differentiation and function. Previous studies have shown that Ascl1 expression is increased in pancreatic β-cells lacking functional KATP channels or after feeding of a high fat diet (HFD) suggesting that it may contribute to the metabolic stress response of β-cells. METHODS We generated β-cell-specific Ascl1 knockout mice (Ascl1βKO) and assessed their glucose homeostasis, islet morphology and gene expression after feeding either a normal diet or HFD for 12 weeks, or in combination with a genetic disruption of Abcc8, an essential KATP channel component. RESULTS Ascl1 expression is increased in response to both a HFD and membrane depolarization and requires CREB-dependent Ca2+ signaling. No differences in glucose homeostasis or islet morphology were observed in Ascl1βKO mice fed a normal diet or in the absence of KATP channels. However, male Ascl1βKO mice fed a HFD exhibited decreased blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, and increased β-cell proliferation. Bulk RNA-seq analysis of islets from Ascl1βKO mice from three studied conditions showed alterations in genes associated with the secretory function. HFD-fed Ascl1βKO mice showed the most extensive changes with increased expression of genes necessary for glucose sensing, insulin secretion and β-cell proliferation, and a decrease in genes associated with β-cell dysfunction, inflammation and dedifferentiation. HFD-fed Ascl1βKO mice also displayed increased expression of parasympathetic neural markers and cholinergic receptors that was accompanied by increased insulin secretion in response to acetylcholine and an increase in islet innervation. CONCLUSIONS Ascl1 expression is induced by stimuli that cause Ca2+-signaling to the nucleus and contributes in a multifactorial manner to the loss of β-cell function by promoting the expression of genes associated with cellular dedifferentiation, attenuating β-cells proliferation, suppressing acetylcholine sensitivity, and repressing parasympathetic innervation of islets. Thus, the removal of Ascl1 from β-cells improves their function in response to metabolic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Frank Y Zhou
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Judy J Chong
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Linh T Trinh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mathew A Cottam
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shristi Shrestha
- Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Mark A Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Perrier J, Nawrot M, Madec AM, Chikh K, Chauvin MA, Damblon C, Sabatier J, Thivolet CH, Rieusset J, Rautureau GJP, Panthu B. Human Pancreatic Islets React to Glucolipotoxicity by Secreting Pyruvate and Citrate. Nutrients 2023; 15:4791. [PMID: 38004183 PMCID: PMC10674605 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive decline in pancreatic beta-cell function is central to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we explore the relationship between the beta cell and its nutritional environment, asking how an excess of energy substrate leads to altered energy production and subsequent insulin secretion. Alterations in intracellular metabolic homeostasis are key markers of islets with T2D, but changes in cellular metabolite exchanges with their environment remain unknown. We answered this question using nuclear magnetic resonance-based quantitative metabolomics and evaluated the consumption or secretion of 31 extracellular metabolites from healthy and T2D human islets. Islets were also cultured under high levels of glucose and/or palmitate to induce gluco-, lipo-, and glucolipotoxicity. Biochemical analyses revealed drastic alterations in the pyruvate and citrate pathways, which appear to be associated with mitochondrial oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) downregulation. We repeated these manipulations on the rat insulinoma-derived beta-pancreatic cell line (INS-1E). Our results highlight an OGDH downregulation with a clear effect on the pyruvate and citrate pathways. However, citrate is directed to lipogenesis in the INS-1E cells instead of being secreted as in human islets. Our results demonstrate the ability of metabolomic approaches performed on culture media to easily discriminate T2D from healthy and functional islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Perrier
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Margaux Nawrot
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Anne-Marie Madec
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Karim Chikh
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Lyon Sud, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Chauvin
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Christian Damblon
- Unité de Recherche MolSys, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Liège, 99131 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julia Sabatier
- Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Diabetes (LTCD), PRIMS Facility, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Charles H. Thivolet
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Lyon Sud, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Jennifer Rieusset
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Gilles J. P. Rautureau
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs, UMR 5082 CNRS, ENS Lyon, UCBL, Université de Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Baptiste Panthu
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRAE U1397, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
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15
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Guevara-Ramírez P, Paz-Cruz E, Cadena-Ullauri S, Ruiz-Pozo VA, Tamayo-Trujillo R, Felix ML, Simancas-Racines D, Zambrano AK. Molecular pathways and nutrigenomic review of insulin resistance development in gestational diabetes mellitus. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1228703. [PMID: 37799768 PMCID: PMC10548225 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1228703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus is a condition marked by raised blood sugar levels and insulin resistance that usually occurs during the second or third trimester of pregnancy. According to the World Health Organization, hyperglycemia affects 16.9% of pregnancies worldwide. Dietary changes are the primarily alternative treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus. This paper aims to perform an exhaustive overview of the interaction between diet, gene expression, and the metabolic pathways related to insulin resistance. The intake of foods rich in carbohydrates can influence the gene expression of glycolysis, as well as foods rich in fat, can disrupt the beta-oxidation and ketogenesis pathways. Furthermore, vitamins and minerals are related to inflammatory processes regulated by the TLR4/NF-κB and one carbon metabolic pathways. We indicate that diet regulated gene expression of PPARα, NOS, CREB3L3, IRS, and CPT I, altering cellular physiological mechanisms and thus increasing or decreasing the risk of gestational diabetes. The alteration of gene expression can cause inflammation, inhibition of fatty acid transport, or on the contrary help in the modulation of ketogenesis, improve insulin sensitivity, attenuate the effects of glucotoxicity, and others. Therefore, it is critical to comprehend the metabolic changes of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, to determine nutrients that help in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and its long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Elius Paz-Cruz
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Cadena-Ullauri
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Viviana A. Ruiz-Pozo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rafael Tamayo-Trujillo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Maria L. Felix
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniel Simancas-Racines
- Centro de Investigación de Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Ana Karina Zambrano
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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16
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Mazraesefidi M, Mahmoodi M, Hajizadeh M. Effects of silibinin on apoptosis and insulin secretion in rat RINm5F pancreatic β-cells. Biotech Histochem 2023; 98:201-209. [PMID: 36762428 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2154840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether silibinin, a flavonoid, might be useful for treating diabetes mellitus by treating five groups of rat RINm5F β-insulinemia cells as follows: control streptozotocin (STZ) group administered citrate buffer and dimethyl sulfoxide; STZ group administered 20 mM STZ; silibinin group administered 50 µM silibinin; pre-silibinin group administered 50 µM silibinin 5 h before administering 20 mM STZ; simultaneous group administered 50 µM silibinin at the same time as 20 mM STZ. For all groups, MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell viability and necrosis, respectively. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and insulin cell content were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Also, expression of genes, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (pdx1), neuronal differentiation 1 (neurod1), v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (mafa), glucose transporter 2 (glut2)) was determined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found that silibinin improved the viability of RINm5F cells and increased GSIS and cellular insulin under glucotoxic conditions. Silibinin increased the expression of neurod1, mafa and glut2, but reduced pdx1 expression. Our findings suggest that silibinin might increase glucose sensitivity and insulin synthesis under glucotoxic conditions, which could be useful for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mazraesefidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Hajizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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17
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Tariq M, de Souza AH, Bensellam M, Chae H, Jaffredo M, Close AF, Deglasse JP, Santos LRB, Buemi A, Mourad NI, Wojtusciszyn A, Raoux M, Gilon P, Broca C, Jonas JC. Prolonged culture of human pancreatic islets under glucotoxic conditions changes their acute beta cell calcium and insulin secretion glucose response curves from sigmoid to bell-shaped. Diabetologia 2023; 66:709-723. [PMID: 36459178 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The rapid remission of type 2 diabetes by a diet very low in energy correlates with a marked improvement in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), emphasising the role of beta cell dysfunction in the early stages of the disease. In search of novel mechanisms of beta cell dysfunction after long-term exposure to mild to severe glucotoxic conditions, we extensively characterised the alterations in insulin secretion and upstream coupling events in human islets cultured for 1-3 weeks at ~5, 8, 10 or 20 mmol/l glucose and subsequently stimulated by an acute stepwise increase in glucose concentration. METHODS Human islets from 49 non-diabetic donors (ND-islets) and six type 2 diabetic donors (T2D-islets) were obtained from five isolation centres. After shipment, the islets were precultured for 3-7 days in RPMI medium containing ~5 mmol/l glucose and 10% (vol/vol) heat-inactivated FBS with selective islet picking at each medium renewal. Islets were then cultured for 1-3 weeks in RPMI containing ~5, 8, 10 or 20 mmol/l glucose before measurement of insulin secretion during culture, islet insulin and DNA content, beta cell apoptosis and cytosolic and mitochondrial glutathione redox state, and assessment of dynamic insulin secretion and upstream coupling events during acute stepwise stimulation with glucose [NAD(P)H autofluorescence, ATP/(ATP+ADP) ratio, electrical activity, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c)]. RESULTS Culture of ND-islets for 1-3 weeks at 8, 10 or 20 vs 5 mmol/l glucose did not significantly increase beta cell apoptosis or oxidative stress but decreased insulin content in a concentration-dependent manner and increased beta cell sensitivity to subsequent acute stimulation with glucose. Islet glucose responsiveness was higher after culture at 8 or 10 vs 5 mmol/l glucose and markedly reduced after culture at 20 vs 5 mmol/l glucose. In addition, the [Ca2+]c and insulin secretion responses to acute stepwise stimulation with glucose were no longer sigmoid but bell-shaped, with maximal stimulation at 5 or 10 mmol/l glucose and rapid sustained inhibition above that concentration. Such paradoxical inhibition was, however, no longer observed when islets were acutely depolarised by 30 mmol/l extracellular K+. The glucotoxic alterations of beta cell function were fully reversible after culture at 5 mmol/l glucose and were mimicked by pharmacological activation of glucokinase during culture at 5 mmol/l glucose. Similar results to those seen in ND-islets were obtained in T2D-islets, except that their rate of insulin secretion during culture at 8 and 20 mmol/l glucose was lower, their cytosolic glutathione oxidation increased after culture at 8 and 20 mmol/l glucose, and the alterations in GSIS and upstream coupling events were greater after culture at 8 mmol/l glucose. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Prolonged culture of human islets under moderate to severe glucotoxic conditions markedly increased their glucose sensitivity and revealed a bell-shaped acute glucose response curve for changes in [Ca2+]c and insulin secretion, with maximal stimulation at 5 or 10 mmol/l glucose and rapid inhibition above that concentration. This novel glucotoxic alteration may contribute to beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes independently from a detectable increase in beta cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tariq
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Arnaldo H de Souza
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammed Bensellam
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heeyoung Chae
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manon Jaffredo
- CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Anne-Françoise Close
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Deglasse
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laila R B Santos
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Bio Base Europe Pilot Plant (BBEPP), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antoine Buemi
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle de chirurgie expérimentale, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nizar I Mourad
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle de chirurgie expérimentale, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Wojtusciszyn
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire du Diabète, Institut de Médecine Régénérative et Biothérapies, Hôpital St Eloi, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Métabolisme, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Raoux
- CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, University of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Patrick Gilon
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Broca
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire du Diabète, Institut de Médecine Régénérative et Biothérapies, Hôpital St Eloi, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Secteur des sciences de la santé, Institut de recherche expérimentale et clinique, Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Dalle S, Abderrahmani A, Renard E. Pharmacological inhibitors of β-cell dysfunction and death as therapeutics for diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1076343. [PMID: 37008937 PMCID: PMC10050720 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1076343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 500 million adults suffer from diabetes worldwide, and this number is constantly increasing. Diabetes causes 5 million deaths per year and huge healthcare costs per year. β-cell death is the major cause of type 1 diabetes. β-cell secretory dysfunction plays a key role in the development of type 2 diabetes. A loss of β-cell mass due to apoptotic death has also been proposed as critical for the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Death of β-cells is caused by multiple factors including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chronic hyperglycemia (glucotoxicity), certain fatty acids at high concentrations (lipotoxicity), reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and islet amyloid deposits. Unfortunately, none of the currently available antidiabetic drugs favor the maintenance of endogenous β-cell functional mass, indicating an unmet medical need. Here, we comprehensively review over the last ten years the investigation and identification of molecules of pharmacological interest for protecting β-cells against dysfunction and apoptotic death which could pave the way for the development of innovative therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Dalle
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
| | - Amar Abderrahmani
- Université Lille, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille, Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520, IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Eric Renard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France
- Laboratoire de Thérapie Cellulaire du Diabète, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Montpellier, France
- Département d’Endocrinologie, Diabètologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Montpellier, France
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Pathophysiology of Prediabetes, Diabetes, and Diabetic Remission in Cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:511-529. [PMID: 36898862 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a heterogenous cause, and the exact pathogenesis differs between patients. Most diabetic cats have a cause similar to human type 2 DM but, in some, DM is associated with underlying conditions, such as hypersomatotropism, hyperadrenocorticism, or administration of diabetogenic drugs. Predisposing factors for feline DM include obesity, reduced physical activity, male sex, and increasing age. Gluco(lipo)toxicity and genetic predisposition also likely play roles in pathogenesis. Prediabetes cannot be accurately diagnosed in cats at the current time. Diabetic cats can enter remission, but relapses are common, as these cats might have ongoing, abnormal glucose homeostasis.
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Cell Replacement Therapy for Type 1 Diabetes Patients: Potential Mechanisms Leading to Stem-Cell-Derived Pancreatic β-Cell Loss upon Transplant. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050698. [PMID: 36899834 PMCID: PMC10000642 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy using stem-cell-derived insulin-producing β-like cells (sBCs) has been proposed as a practical cure for patients with type one diabetes (T1D). sBCs can correct diabetes in preclinical animal models, demonstrating the promise of this stem cell-based approach. However, in vivo studies have demonstrated that most sBCs, similarly to cadaveric human islets, are lost upon transplantation due to ischemia and other unknown mechanisms. Hence, there is a critical knowledge gap in the current field concerning the fate of sBCs upon engraftment. Here we review, discuss effects, and propose additional potential mechanisms that could contribute toward β-cell loss in vivo. We summarize and highlight some of the literature on phenotypic loss in β-cells under both steady, stressed, and diseased diabetic conditions. Specifically, we focus on β-cell death, dedifferentiation into progenitors, trans-differentiation into other hormone-expressing cells, and/or interconversion into less functional β-cell subtypes as potential mechanisms. While current cell replacement therapy efforts employing sBCs carry great promise as an abundant cell source, addressing the somewhat neglected aspect of β-cell loss in vivo will further accelerate sBC transplantation as a promising therapeutic modality that could significantly enhance the life quality of T1D patients.
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Yan S, Yao N, Li X, Sun M, Yang Y, Cui W, Li B. The Association between the Differential Expression of lncRNA and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in People with Hypertriglyceridemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054279. [PMID: 36901708 PMCID: PMC10002095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with diabetic patients with normal blood lipid, diabetic patients with dyslipidemia such as high triglycerides have a higher risk of clinical complications, and the disease is also more serious. For the subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, the lncRNAs affecting type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on peripheral blood samples of new-onset T2DM (six subjects) and normal blood control (six subjects) in hypertriglyceridemia patients using gene chip technology, and differentially expressed lncRNA profiles were constructed. Validated by the GEO database and RT-qPCR, lncRNA ENST00000462455.1 was selected. Subsequently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to observe the effect of ENST00000462455.1 on MIN6. When silencing the ENST00000462455.1 for MIN6 in high glucose and high fat, the relative cell survival rate and insulin secretion decreased, the apoptosis rate increased, and the expression of the transcription factors Ins1, Pdx-1, Glut2, FoxO1, and ETS1 that maintained the function and activity of pancreatic β cells decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, we found that ENST00000462455.1/miR-204-3p/CACNA1C could be the core regulatory axis by using bioinformatics methods. Therefore, ENST00000462455.1 was a potential biomarker for hypertriglyceridemia patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoumeng Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mengzi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yixue Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Weiwei Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (B.L.); Tel.: +86-431-85619455 (W.C.); +86-43185619451 (B.L.)
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (B.L.); Tel.: +86-431-85619455 (W.C.); +86-43185619451 (B.L.)
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22
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Ahn CH, Oh TJ, Min SH, Cho YM. Incretin and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2023; 38:1-9. [PMID: 36781163 PMCID: PMC10008660 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2023.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain normal glucose homeostasis after a meal, it is essential to secrete an adequate amount of insulin from pancreatic β-cells. However, if pancreatic β-cells solely depended on the blood glucose level for insulin secretion, a surge in blood glucose levels would be inevitable after the ingestion of a large amount of carbohydrates. To avoid a deluge of glucose in the bloodstream after a large carbohydrate- rich meal, enteroendocrine cells detect the amount of nutrient absorption from the gut lumen and secrete incretin hormones at scale. Since insulin secretion in response to incretin hormones occurs only in a hyperglycemic milieu, pancreatic β-cells can secrete a "Goldilocks" amount of insulin (i.e., not too much and not too little) to keep the blood glucose level in the normal range. In this regard, pancreatic β-cell sensitivity to glucose and incretin hormones is crucial for maintaining normal glucose homeostasis. In this Namgok lecture 2022, we review the effects of current anti-diabetic medications on pancreatic β-cell sensitivity to glucose and incretin hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Tae Jung Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Se Hee Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Young Min Cho. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea Tel: +82-2-2072-1965, Fax: +82-2-2072-7246, E-mail:
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23
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Li B, Li W, Liu T, Zha L. Extracellular vesicles regulate the transmission of insulin resistance and redefine noncommunicable diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 9:1024786. [PMID: 36699697 PMCID: PMC9868246 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1024786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as diabetes and related neurological disorders, are considered to not be directly transmissible from one person to another. However, NCDs may be transmissible in vivo through extracellular vesicles (EVs). A long-term high-fat diet (HFD) can induce a series of health issues like hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) due to insulin resistance. Multiple molecular signaling changes can stimulate insulin resistance, especially blocking insulin signaling by increased insulin resistance inducer (phosphorylation of negative regulatory sites of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins) and decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (phosphorylation of positive regulatory sites of IRS), thus leading to reduced phosphorylation of AKT enzymes. Current efforts to treat T2DM and prevent its complications mainly focus on improving insulin sensitivity, enhancing insulin secretion, or supplementing exogenous insulin based on a common assumption that insulin resistance is noncommunicable. However, insulin resistance is transmissible within multiple tissues or organs throughout the body. Exploring the regulatory roles of EVs in developing insulin resistance may provide novel and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory of Cosmetic Safety Evaluation, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wan Li
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Tiancai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Engineering of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory of Cosmetic Safety Evaluation, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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24
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Shi M, Hu B, Hong Y, Wang M, Yao Y. Deep Sea Water Inhibited Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis and Regulated Glucose Homeostasis by Affecting Lipid Metabolism in Db/Db Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:245-258. [PMID: 36760598 PMCID: PMC9888305 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s395053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Deep sea water (DSW) is a natural resource rich in minerals, which participates in biological processes such as energy metabolism, regulates serum glucose and lipids levels, and has a certain protective effect on endocrine and metabolism-related diseases. Studies have shown that the improvement of glucose tolerance in diabetic mice by DSW may be associated with the protective effect on the structure and function of pancreatic islets, and the specific mechanism is still unclear. Other studies have shown that long-term exposure to high concentrations of fatty acids can lead to apoptosis and dysfunction of pancreatic β-cell, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Down-regulation of plasma fatty acid levels may reduce pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, thereby improving glucose homeostasis. Understanding the specific mechanism of DSW regulating blood glucose is of great significance for its clinical application. METHODS In the present study we used db/db mice as a T2DM model and treated mice with deep ocean mineral concentration (DOMC, a commercial product of DSW) for 4 and 12 weeks. Basic information, serum biochemical indicators, and pathological tissues were gathered for exploration. RESULTS The db/db mice treated with 4 weeks' DOMC (db/db+DOMC) showed decreased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Tests implied that in adipose tissues, the db/db+DOMC group's lipolysis process was inhibited, and the β-fatty acid oxidation process was promoted. Besides, DOMC reduced lipogenesis and encouraged β-oxidation in the liver, as a result, improved fatty liver in db/db mice. Further measurements showed DOMC improved glucose homeostasis slightly in db/db animals after a 12-week treatment by preventing pancreatic β-cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION DOMC inhibited pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and regulated glucose homeostasis in db/db mice by lowering the lipid levels via regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation, lipolysis, and lipogenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Meng Wang, Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-15927407065, Email
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ying Yao, Department of Nephrology and Department of Nutrition, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13720379867, Email
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25
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Furth-Lavi J, Hija A, Tornovsky-Babeay S, Mazouz A, Dahan T, Stolovich-Rain M, Klochendler A, Dor Y, Avrahami D, Glaser B. Glycemic control releases regenerative potential of pancreatic beta cells blocked by severe hyperglycemia. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111719. [PMID: 36450253 PMCID: PMC9789023 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetogenic ablation of beta cells in mice triggers a regenerative response whereby surviving beta cells proliferate and euglycemia is regained. Here, we identify and characterize heterogeneity in response to beta cell ablation. Efficient beta cell elimination leading to severe hyperglycemia (>28 mmol/L), causes permanent diabetes with failed regeneration despite cell cycle engagement of surviving beta cells. Strikingly, correction of glycemia via insulin, SGLT2 inhibition, or a ketogenic diet for about 3 weeks allows partial regeneration of beta cell mass and recovery from diabetes, demonstrating regenerative potential masked by extreme glucotoxicity. We identify gene expression changes in beta cells exposed to extremely high glucose levels, pointing to metabolic stress and downregulation of key cell cycle genes, suggesting failure of cell cycle completion. These findings reconcile conflicting data on the impact of glucose on beta cell regeneration and identify a glucose threshold converting glycemic load from pro-regenerative to anti-regenerative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Furth-Lavi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayat Hija
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sharona Tornovsky-Babeay
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Adi Mazouz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Tehila Dahan
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Miri Stolovich-Rain
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Agnes Klochendler
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Dana Avrahami
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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26
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Zhao G, Xu H, Li H, Zhang J, Gao J, Cai M, Wang H, Shi Y, Wang H. Regulatory Mechanisms of SNAP-25-Associated Insulin Release Revealed by Live-Cell Confocal and Single-Molecule Localization Imaging. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15307-15314. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanfang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Haijiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hongru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Mingjun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Huili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
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27
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Parys JB, Van Coppenolle F. Sec61 complex/translocon: The role of an atypical ER Ca 2+-leak channel in health and disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:991149. [PMID: 36277220 PMCID: PMC9582130 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.991149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterotrimeric Sec61 protein complex forms the functional core of the so-called translocon that forms an aqueous channel in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The primary role of the Sec61 complex is to allow protein import in the ER during translation. Surprisingly, a completely different function in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has emerged for the Sec61 complex, and the latter is now accepted as one of the major Ca2+-leak pathways of the ER. In this review, we first discuss the structure of the Sec61 complex and focus on the pharmacology and regulation of the Sec61 complex as a Ca2+-leak channel. Subsequently, we will pay particular attention to pathologies that are linked to Sec61 mutations, such as plasma cell deficiency and congenital neutropenia. Finally, we will explore the relevance of the Sec61 complex as a Ca2+-leak channel in various pathophysiological (ER stress, apoptosis, ischemia-reperfusion) and pathological (type 2 diabetes, cancer) settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan B. Parys
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Kanker Instituut, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fabien Van Coppenolle
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Groupement Hospitalier EST, Department of Cardiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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28
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Lean SC, Candia AA, Gulacsi E, Lee GCL, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Obesogenic diet in mice compromises maternal metabolic physiology and lactation ability leading to reductions in neonatal viability. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13861. [PMID: 35880402 PMCID: PMC9787084 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diets containing high-fat and high sugar (HFHS) lead to overweight/obesity. Overweight/obesity increases the risk of infertility, and of the pregnant mother and her child for developing metabolic conditions. Overweight/obesity has been recreated in mice, but most studies focus on the effects of chronic, long-term HFHS diet exposure. Here, we exposed mice to HFHS from 3 weeks prior to pregnancy with the aim of determining impacts on fertility, and gestational and neonatal outcomes. METHODS Time-domain NMR scanning was used to assess adiposity, glucose, and insulin tolerance tests were employed to examine metabolic physiology, and morphological and proteomic analyses conducted to assess structure and nutrient levels of maternal organs and placenta. RESULTS Fertility measures of HFHS dams were largely the same as controls. HFHS dams had increased adiposity pre-pregnancy, however, exhibited exacerbated lipolysis/hyper-mobilization of adipose stores in late pregnancy. While there were no differences in glucose or insulin tolerance, HFHS dams were hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic in pregnancy. HFHS dams had fatty livers and altered pancreatic islet morphology. Although fetuses were hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic, there was no change in fetal growth in HFHS dams. There were also reductions in placenta formation. Moreover, there was increased offspring loss during lactation, which was related to aberrant mammary gland development and milk protein composition in HFHS dams. CONCLUSIONS These findings are relevant given current dietary habits and the development of maternal and offspring alterations in the absence of an increase in maternal weight and adiposity during pregnancy, which are the current clinical markers to determine risk across gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha C Lean
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alejandro A Candia
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department for the Woman and Newborn Health Promotion, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Edina Gulacsi
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giselle C L Lee
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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29
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Association between snoring and insulin levels in the US population: a cross-sectional study. Sleep Breath 2022; 27:1185-1193. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Gottmann P, Speckmann T, Stadion M, Zuljan E, Aga H, Sterr M, Büttner M, Santos PM, Jähnert M, Bornstein SR, Theis FJ, Lickert H, Schürmann A. Heterogeneous Development of β-Cell Populations in Diabetes-Resistant and -Susceptible Mice. Diabetes 2022; 71:1962-1978. [PMID: 35771990 PMCID: PMC9862397 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Progressive dysfunction and failure of insulin-releasing β-cells are a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To study mechanisms of β-cell loss in T2D, we performed islet single-cell RNA sequencing of two obese mouse strains differing in their diabetes susceptibility. With mice on a control diet, we identified six β-cell clusters with similar abundance in both strains. However, after feeding of a diabetogenic diet for 2 days, β-cell cluster composition markedly differed between strains. Islets of diabetes-resistant mice developed into a protective β-cell cluster (Beta4), whereas those of diabetes-prone mice progressed toward stress-related clusters with a strikingly different expression pattern. Interestingly, the protective cluster showed indications of reduced β-cell identity, such as downregulation of GLUT2, GLP1R, and MafA, and in vitro knockdown of GLUT2 in β-cells-mimicking its phenotype-decreased stress response and apoptosis. This might explain enhanced β-cell survival of diabetes-resistant islets. In contrast, β-cells of diabetes-prone mice responded with expression changes indicating metabolic pressure and endoplasmic reticulum stress, presumably leading to later β-cell loss. In conclusion, failure of diabetes-prone mice to adapt gene expression toward a more dedifferentiated state in response to rising blood glucose levels leads to β-cell failure and diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Gottmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mandy Stadion
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erika Zuljan
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heja Aga
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Sterr
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maren Büttner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Patrícia Martínez Santos
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, King’s College London, London, U.K
| | - Fabian J. Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
- Corresponding author: Annette Schürmann,
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Lv C, Sun Y, Zhang ZY, Aboelela Z, Qiu X, Meng ZX. β-cell dynamics in type 2 diabetes and in dietary and exercise interventions. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6656373. [PMID: 35929791 PMCID: PMC9710517 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance are two of the major causes of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent clinical and experimental studies have suggested that the functional capacity of β-cells, particularly in the first phase of insulin secretion, is a primary contributor to the progression of T2D and its associated complications. Pancreatic β-cells undergo dynamic compensation and decompensation processes during the development of T2D, in which metabolic stresses such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, and inflammatory signals are key regulators of β-cell dynamics. Dietary and exercise interventions have been shown to be effective approaches for the treatment of obesity and T2D, especially in the early stages. Whilst the targeted tissues and underlying mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions remain somewhat vague, accumulating evidence has implicated the improvement of β-cell functional capacity. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the dynamic adaptations of β-cell function in T2D progression and clarify the effects and mechanisms of dietary and exercise interventions on β-cell dysfunction in T2D. This review provides molecular insights into the therapeutic effects of dietary and exercise interventions on T2D, and more importantly, it paves the way for future research on the related underlying mechanisms for developing precision prevention and treatment of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengan Lv
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Zhejiang University–University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJE), Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Zhe Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeyad Aboelela
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Metabolic Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China,Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China,Bachelors of Surgery, Bachelors of Medicine (MBBS), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Suleiman M, Marselli L, Cnop M, Eizirik DL, De Luca C, Femia FR, Tesi M, Del Guerra S, Marchetti P. The Role of Beta Cell Recovery in Type 2 Diabetes Remission. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137435. [PMID: 35806437 PMCID: PMC9267061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been considered a relentlessly worsening disease, due to the progressive deterioration of the pancreatic beta cell functional mass. Recent evidence indicates, however, that remission of T2D may occur in variable proportions of patients after specific treatments that are associated with recovery of beta cell function. Here we review the available information on the recovery of beta cells in (a) non-diabetic individuals previously exposed to metabolic stress; (b) T2D patients following low-calorie diets, pharmacological therapies or bariatric surgery; (c) human islets isolated from non-diabetic organ donors that recover from “lipo-glucotoxic” conditions; and (d) human islets isolated from T2D organ donors and exposed to specific treatments. The improvement of insulin secretion reported by these studies and the associated molecular traits unveil the possibility to promote T2D remission by directly targeting pancreatic beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Suleiman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.M.); (C.D.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.M.); (C.D.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (M.C.); (D.L.E.)
- Division of Endocrinology, ULB Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (M.C.); (D.L.E.)
| | - Carmela De Luca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.M.); (C.D.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Francesca R. Femia
- Departmental Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Transplantation, AOUP Cisanello Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Marta Tesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.M.); (C.D.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Silvia Del Guerra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.M.); (C.D.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.G.)
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.M.); (C.D.L.); (M.T.); (S.D.G.)
- Departmental Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Transplantation, AOUP Cisanello Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-995-110
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Singh A, Bodakhe SH. Resveratrol attenuates behavioural impairment associated with learning and memory in HFD-STZ induced diabetic rats. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4673-4691. [PMID: 35710260 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Literature have indicated that a high-fat diet (HFD) is a common risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated cognitive-impairments. Mounting evidence supports that, in the diabetic animal model, resveratrol (RSV, SIRT1-modulator) can regulate the fasting glucose and antioxidant levels, as well as the lipid profile, and may alleviate the cognitive-dysfunction associated with diabetes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Albino rats were fed 60% HFD-STZ (45mg/kg,i.p, single dose) to induce T2DM so that the experimental T2DM animal model could be used. After 14 weeks of the animals being in a confirmed diabetic condition, they were divided into various groups and treated with metformin(200mg/kg,i.p.) and RSV(50 and 100 mg/kg,i.p.) for four weeks. A multimodal approach involving oxidative-nitroso-stress, SIRT1, TGF-β1 levels, inflammation, cholinergic activity (serum, hippocampus, cerebral cortex), and a battery of behavioural studies associated with learning-memory were performed during and after the experimental-protocol. KEY RESULTS The administration of RSV significantly attenuated the increased glucose levels (pre, and post-prandial), impaired glucose tolerance, HbA1c, and decreased the body weights of the T2DM rats. Moreover, RSV ameliorated the impaired learning and memory-associated with increased SIRT1 and the decreased TGF-β1, TNF-α, oxidative-nitroso-stress and cholinergic activities in the serum and the brains of the T2DM-animals. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION Our investigations demonstrate that SIRT1-modulation can inter-play with TGF-β1 signalling, as well as mitigate hyperglycaemia and subsequent learning-memory impairments, in the T2DM-animals. Moreover, our study showed that novel therapeutic-targets, including TGF-β1, may add to our knowledge of RSV when used in the treatment of impaired memory-associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India.,Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Surendra H Bodakhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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Moens C, Muller CJF, Bouwens L. In vitro comparison of various antioxidants and flavonoids from Rooibos as beta cell protectants against lipotoxicity and oxidative stress-induced cell death. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268551. [PMID: 35580081 PMCID: PMC9113568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and lipotoxicity effects on pancreatic β cells play a major role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Flavonoids and antioxidants are under study for their cytoprotective effects and antidiabetic potential. In this study, we aimed to compare the protective effect of the Rooibos components aspalathin, isoorientin, 3-hydroxyphloretin (3-OH) and green Rooibos extract (GRT) itself, and exendin-4 and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as reference molecules, against lipotoxicity and oxidative stress. The insulin-producing β cell line INS1E was exposed to hydrogen peroxide or streptozotocin (STZ) to induce oxidative stress, and palmitate to induce lipotoxicity. Cell viability was assessed by a MTS cell viability assay. Antioxidant response and antiapoptotic gene expression was performed by qRT-PCR. Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT 2) transporter inhibition was assessed through 2-NBDG uptake. GRT and the flavonoids aspalathin and 3-hydroxyphloretin offered significant protection against oxidative stress and lipotoxicity. GRT downregulated expression of pro-apoptotic genes Txnip and Ddit3. The flavonoids aspalathin and 3-hydroxyphloretin also downregulated these genes and in addition upregulated expression of antioxidant response genes Hmox1, Nqo1 and Sod1. Isoorientin gave no cytoprotection. Cytoprotection by Rooibos components was significantly higher than by NAC or exendin-4. Rooibos components strongly protect INS1E β cells against diabetogenic stress. Cytoprotection was associated with the upregulation of antioxidant response genes of the NRF2/KEAP1 pathway or suppression of the TXN system. The Rooibos molecules offered better protection against these insults than exendin-4 and NAC, making them interesting candidates as β cell cytoprotectants for therapeutic or nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Moens
- Cell Differentiation Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Christo J. F. Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform (BRIP), South African Medical Research Council (MRC), Western Cape, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa, Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, South Africa
| | - Luc Bouwens
- Cell Differentiation Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Brussels, Belgium
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35
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Nakamura A. Effects of Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitors on Pancreatic β-Cell Mass and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095104. [PMID: 35563495 PMCID: PMC9105075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) not only have antihyperglycemic effects and are associated with a low risk of hypoglycemia but also have protective effects in organs, including the heart and kidneys. The pathophysiology of diabetes involves chronic hyperglycemia, which causes excessive demands on pancreatic β-cells, ultimately leading to decreases in β-cell mass and function. Because SGLT2is ameliorate hyperglycemia without acting directly on β-cells, they are thought to prevent β-cell failure by reducing glucose overload in this cell type. Several studies have shown that treatment with an SGLT2i increases β-cell proliferation and/or reduces β-cell apoptosis, resulting in the preservation of β-cell mass in animal models of diabetes. In addition, many clinical trials have shown that that SGLT2is improve β-cell function in individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this review, the preclinical and clinical data regarding the effects of SGLT2is on pancreatic β-cell mass and function are summarized and the protective effect of SGLT2is in β-cells is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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36
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Colling C, Rosen CJ. Precision Diagnostics for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Have We Arrived? NEJM EVIDENCE 2022; 1:EVIDe2200039. [PMID: 38319223 DOI: 10.1056/evide2200039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is defined by a common end point: hyperglycemia diagnosed by fasting plasma glucose, plasma glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test, or hemoglobin A1c without autoimmune β-cell destruction.1 Historically, little attention has been paid to the etiologies driving hyperglycemia; as a result, there has been an absence of an elegant pathophysiologically directed diagnostic and therapeutic approach. T2DM has simply been thought to be a result of insulin deficiency and/or peripheral insulin resistance. However, the phenotype of T2DM is heterogeneous, as is the pathophysiology.2,3.
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Maleki V, Foroumandi E, Hajizadeh-Sharafabad F, Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M. The effect of resveratrol on advanced glycation end products in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:253-260. [PMID: 32125189 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1673434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) lead to chronic oxidative stress and inflammation, which in turn augment diabetes complications. Resveratrol plays a potential role in relation to diabetes due to improving of hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The aim of this review was to evaluate the scientific literature to identify the impacts of resveratrol on the accumulation of AGEs. The literature was searched in the online databases, viz. PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar until May 2019. From a total of 338 retrieved articles, 10 papers were eligible for the present analysis. Except one clinical trial, all studies were conducted on animals. All the included studies, except one, showed inhibitory effects of resveratrol on the accumulation of AGE or receptor for AGEs. The findings indicate that resveratrol is a potential protective agent against the accumulation of AGEs. There is, however, the need for future studies to investigate this effect on human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Maleki
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Foroumandi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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38
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Fu A, van Rooyen L, Evans L, Armstrong N, Avizonis D, Kin T, Bird GH, Reddy A, Chouchani ET, Liesa-Roig M, Walensky LD, Shapiro AMJ, Danial NN. Glucose metabolism and pyruvate carboxylase enhance glutathione synthesis and restrict oxidative stress in pancreatic islets. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110037. [PMID: 34818536 PMCID: PMC8720303 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose metabolism modulates the islet β cell responses to diabetogenic stress, including inflammation. Here, we probed the metabolic mechanisms that underlie the protective effect of glucose in inflammation by interrogating the metabolite profiles of primary islets from human donors and identified de novo glutathione synthesis as a prominent glucose-driven pro-survival pathway. We find that pyruvate carboxylase is required for glutathione synthesis in islets and promotes their antioxidant capacity to counter inflammation and nitrosative stress. Loss- and gain-of-function studies indicate that pyruvate carboxylase is necessary and sufficient to mediate the metabolic input from glucose into glutathione synthesis and the oxidative stress response. Altered redox metabolism and cellular capacity to replenish glutathione pools are relevant in multiple pathologies beyond obesity and diabetes. Our findings reveal a direct interplay between glucose metabolism and glutathione biosynthesis via pyruvate carboxylase. This metabolic axis may also have implications in other settings where sustaining glutathione is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Accalia Fu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lara van Rooyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lindsay Evans
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Armstrong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daina Avizonis
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Metabolomics Innovation Resource, 1160 Pine Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, 2000 College Plaza, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - Gregory H Bird
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anita Reddy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marc Liesa-Roig
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 650 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 614 Charles E. Young Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Loren D Walensky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Linde Program in Cancer Chemical Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A M James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, 2000 College Plaza, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C8, Canada
| | - Nika N Danial
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston 02115, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Nakamura A, Omori K, Terauchi Y. Glucokinase activation or inactivation: Which will lead to the treatment of type 2 diabetes? Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:2199-2206. [PMID: 34105236 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase, which phosphorylates glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate, plays a critical role in regulating blood glucose levels. On the basis of data of glucokinase-knockout and transgenic mice and humans with glucokinase mutations, glucokinase was targeted for drug development aiming to augment its activity, and thereby reduce hyperglycaemia in patients with diabetes. In fact, various small molecule compounds have been developed and clinically tested as glucokinase activators. However, some have been discontinued because of efficacy and safety issues. One of these issues is loss of the drug's efficacy over time. This unsustained glycaemic efficacy may be associated with the excess glycolysis by glucokinase activation in pancreatic beta cells, resulting in beta-cell failure. Recently, we have shown that glucokinase haploinsufficiency ameliorated glucose intolerance by increasing beta-cell function and mass in a mouse model of diabetes. Given that a similar phenotype has been observed in glucokinase-activated beta cells and diabetic beta cells, glucokinase inactivation may be a new therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakamura
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuno Omori
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Improved Glycemic Control and Variability: Application of Healthy Ingredients in Asian Staples. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093102. [PMID: 34578981 PMCID: PMC8468310 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduction in carbohydrate intake and low-carbohydrate diets are often advocated to prevent and manage diabetes. However, limiting or eliminating carbohydrates may not be a long-term sustainable and maintainable approach for everyone. Alternatively, diet strategies to modulate glycemia can focus on the glycemic index (GI) of foods and glycemic load (GL) of meals. To assess the effect of a reduction in glycemic load of a 24 h diet by incorporating innovative functional ingredients (β-glucan, isomaltulose) and alternative low GI Asian staples (noodles, rice)on glycemic control and variability, twelve Chinese men (Age: 27.0 ± 5.1 years; BMI:21.6 ± 1.8kg/m2) followed two isocaloric, typically Asian, 24h diets with either a reduced glycemic load (LGL) or high glycemic load (HGL) in a randomized, single-blind, controlled, cross-over design. Test meals included breakfast, lunch, snack and dinner and the daily GL was reduced by 37% in the LGL diet. Continuous glucose monitoring provided 24 h glycemic excursion and variability parameters: incremental area under the curve (iAUC), max glucose concentration (Max), max glucose range, glucose standard deviation (SD), and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), time in range (TIR). Over 24h, the LGL diet resulted in a decrease in glucose Max (8.12 vs. 6.90 mmol/L; p = 0.0024), glucose range (3.78 vs. 2.21 mmol/L; p = 0.0005), glucose SD (0.78 vs. 0.43 mmol/L; p = 0.0002), mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (2.109 vs. 1.008; p < 0.0001), and increase in 4.5-6.5mmol/L TIR (82.2 vs. 94.6%; p = 0.009), compared to the HGL diet. The glucose iAUC, MAX, range and SD improved during the 2 h post-prandial window of each LGL meal, and this effect was more pronounced later in the day. The current results validate the dietary strategy of incorporating innovative functional ingredients (β-glucan, isomaltulose) and replacing Asian staples with alternative low GI carbohydrate sources to reduce daily glycemic load to improve glycemic control and variability as a viable alternative to the reduction in carbohydrate intake alone. These observations provide substantial public health support to encourage the consumption of staples of low GI/GL to reduce glucose levels and glycemic variability. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that the role of chrononutrition, as reported in this paper, requires further examination and should be considered as an important addition to the understanding of glucose homeostasis variation throughout the day.
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Slepchenko KG, Chen S, Counts GP, Corbin KL, Colvin RA, Nunemaker CS. Synchrotron fluorescence imaging of individual mouse beta-cells reveals changes in zinc, calcium, and iron in a model of low-grade inflammation. Metallomics 2021; 13:6353533. [PMID: 34402906 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cells synthesize and secrete insulin maintaining an organism's energy homeostasis. In humans, beta-cell dysfunction and death contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although the causes of beta-cell dysfunction are complex, obesity-induced low-grade systemic inflammation plays a role. For example, obese individuals exhibiting increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1beta have a higher risk of beta-cell dysfunction and T2D. Interestingly, obesity-induced inflammation changes the expression of several cellular metal regulating genes, prompting this study to examine changes in the beta-cell metallome after exposure to proinflammatory-cytokines. Primary mouse beta-cells were exposed to a combination of IL-6 and IL-1beta for 48 hours, were chemically fixed and imaged by synchrotron X-ray fluorescent microscopy. Quantitative analysis showed a surprising 2.4-fold decrease in the mean total cellular content of zinc from 158 ± 57.7 femtograms (fg) to 65.7 ± 29.7 fg; calcium decreased from 216 ± 67.4 to 154.3 ± 68.7 fg (control vs. cytokines, respectively). The mean total cellular iron content slightly increased from 30.4 ± 12.2 to 47.2 ± 36.4 fg after cytokine treatment; a sub-population of cells (38%) exhibited larger increases of iron density. Changes in the subcellular distributions of zinc and calcium were observed after cytokine exposure. Beta-cells contained numerous iron puncta that accumulated still more iron after exposure to cytokines. These findings provide evidence that exposure to low levels of cytokines is sufficient to cause changes in the total cellular content and/or subcellular distribution of several metals known to be critical for normal beta-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira G Slepchenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Si Chen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Grace P Counts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathryn L Corbin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert A Colvin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Craig S Nunemaker
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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Mesto N, Bailbe D, Eskandar M, Pommier G, Gil S, Tolu S, Movassat J, Tourrel-Cuzin C. Involvement of P2Y signaling in the restoration of glucose-induced insulin exocytosis in pancreatic β cells exposed to glucotoxicity. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:881-896. [PMID: 34435368 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic P2Y receptors, by binding adenosine triphosphate (ATP), are known for enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic β cells. However, the impact of these receptors in the actin dynamics and insulin granule exocytosis in these cells is not established, neither in normal nor in glucotoxic environment. In this study, we investigate the involvement of P2Y receptors on the behavior of insulin granules and the subcortical actin network dynamics in INS-1 832/13 β cells exposed to normal or glucotoxic environment and their role in GSIS. Our results show that the activation of P2Y purinergic receptors by ATP or its agonist increase the insulin granules exocytosis and the reorganization of the subcortical actin network and participate in the potentiation of GSIS. In addition, their activation in INS-1832/13 β-cells, with impaired insulin secretion following exposure to elevated glucose levels, restores GSIS competence through the distal steps of insulin exocytosis. These results are confirmed ex vivo by perifusion experiments on islets from type 2 diabetic (T2D) Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Indeed, the P2Y receptor agonist restores the altered GSIS, which is normally lost in this T2D animal model. Moreover, we observed an improvement of the glucose tolerance, following the acute intraperitoneal injection of the P2Y agonist concomitantly with glucose, in diabetic GK rats. All these data provide new insights into the unprecedented therapeutic role of P2Y purinergic receptors in the pathophysiology of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Mesto
- 'Université de Paris' 'Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology (BFA)', CNRS, UMR 8251, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Danielle Bailbe
- 'Université de Paris' 'Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology (BFA)', CNRS, UMR 8251, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Myriam Eskandar
- 'Université de Paris' 'Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology (BFA)', CNRS, UMR 8251, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Pommier
- 'Université de Paris' 'Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology (BFA)', CNRS, UMR 8251, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Gil
- 'Université de Paris' 'Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology (BFA)', CNRS, UMR 8251, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UFR Sciences du Vivant (SDV), Paris, France
| | - Stefania Tolu
- 'Université de Paris' 'Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology (BFA)', CNRS, UMR 8251, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Jamileh Movassat
- 'Université de Paris' 'Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology (BFA)', CNRS, UMR 8251, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
| | - Cécile Tourrel-Cuzin
- 'Université de Paris' 'Unit of Functional and Adaptative Biology (BFA)', CNRS, UMR 8251, Team 'Biologie et Pathologie du Pancréas Endocrine', Paris, France
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43
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Reed J, Bain S, Kanamarlapudi V. A Review of Current Trends with Type 2 Diabetes Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathogenesis, Treatments and Future Perspectives. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3567-3602. [PMID: 34413662 PMCID: PMC8369920 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s319895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which has currently become a global pandemic, is a metabolic disease largely characterised by impaired insulin secretion and action. Significant progress has been made in understanding T2D aetiology and pathogenesis, which is discussed in this review. Extrapancreatic pathology is also summarised, which demonstrates the highly multifactorial nature of T2D. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is an incretin hormone responsible for augmenting insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells during the postprandial period. Given that native GLP-1 has a very short half-life, GLP-1 mimetics with a much longer half-life have been developed, which are currently an effective treatment option for T2D by enhancing insulin secretion in patients. Interestingly, there is continual emerging evidence that these therapies alleviate some of the post-diagnosis complications of T2D. Additionally, these therapies have been shown to induce weight loss in patients, suggesting they could be an alternative to bariatric surgery, a procedure associated with numerous complications. Current GLP-1-based therapies all act as orthosteric agonists for the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Interestingly, it has emerged that GLP-1R also has allosteric binding sites and agonists have been developed for these sites to test their therapeutic potential. Recent studies have also demonstrated the potential of bi- and tri-agonists, which target multiple hormonal receptors including GLP-1R, to more effectively treat T2D. Improved understanding of T2D aetiology/pathogenesis, coupled with the further elucidation of both GLP-1 activity/targets and GLP-1R mechanisms of activation via different agonists, will likely provide better insight into the therapeutic potential of GLP-1-based therapies to treat T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Reed
- Institute of Life Science 1, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stephen Bain
- Institute of Life Science 1, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
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44
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Favorable Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist against Pancreatic β-Cell Glucose Toxicity and the Development of Arteriosclerosis: "The Earlier, the Better" in Therapy with Incretin-Based Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157917. [PMID: 34360682 PMCID: PMC8348147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental pancreatic β-cell function is to produce and secrete insulin in response to blood glucose levels. However, when β-cells are chronically exposed to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin biosynthesis and secretion are decreased together with reduced expression of insulin transcription factors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a crucial role in pancreatic β-cells; GLP-1 binds to the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the β-cell membrane and thereby enhances insulin secretion, suppresses apoptotic cell death and increase proliferation of β-cells. However, GLP-1R expression in β-cells is reduced under diabetic conditions and thus the GLP-1R activator (GLP-1RA) shows more favorable effects on β-cells at an early stage of T2DM compared to an advanced stage. On the other hand, it has been drawing much attention to the idea that GLP-1 signaling is important in arterial cells; GLP-1 increases nitric oxide, which leads to facilitation of vascular relaxation and suppression of arteriosclerosis. However, GLP-1R expression in arterial cells is also reduced under diabetic conditions and thus GLP-1RA shows more protective effects on arteriosclerosis at an early stage of T2DM. Furthermore, it has been reported recently that administration of GLP-1RA leads to the reduction of cardiovascular events in various large-scale clinical trials. Therefore, we think that it would be better to start GLP-1RA at an early stage of T2DM for the prevention of arteriosclerosis and protection of β-cells against glucose toxicity in routine medical care.
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45
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Chan JY, Bensellam M, Lin RCY, Liang C, Lee K, Jonas JC, Laybutt DR. Transcriptome analysis of islets from diabetes-resistant and diabetes-prone obese mice reveals novel gene regulatory networks involved in beta-cell compensation and failure. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21608. [PMID: 33977593 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100009r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underpinning beta-cell compensation for obesity-associated insulin resistance and beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes remain poorly understood. We used a large-scale strategy to determine the time-dependent transcriptomic changes in islets of diabetes-prone db/db and diabetes-resistant ob/ob mice at 6 and 16 weeks of age. Differentially expressed genes were subjected to cluster, gene ontology, pathway and gene set enrichment analyses. A distinctive gene expression pattern was observed in 16 week db/db islets in comparison to the other groups with alterations in transcriptional regulators of islet cell identity, upregulation of glucose/lipid metabolism, and various stress response genes, and downregulation of specific amino acid transport and metabolism genes. In contrast, ob/ob islets displayed a coordinated downregulation of metabolic and stress response genes at 6 weeks of age, suggestive of a preemptive reconfiguration in these islets to lower the threshold of metabolic activation in response to increased insulin demand thereby preserving beta-cell function and preventing cellular stress. In addition, amino acid transport and metabolism genes were upregulated in ob/ob islets, suggesting an important role of glutamate metabolism in beta-cell compensation. Gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes identified the enrichment of binding motifs for transcription factors, FOXO4, NFATC1, and MAZ. siRNA-mediated knockdown of these genes in MIN6 cells altered cell death, insulin secretion, and stress gene expression. In conclusion, these data revealed novel gene regulatory networks involved in beta-cell compensation and failure. Preemptive metabolic reconfiguration in diabetes-resistant islets may dampen metabolic activation and cellular stress during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeng Yie Chan
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mohammed Bensellam
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Pôle D'endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ruby C Y Lin
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassandra Liang
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kailun Lee
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Pôle D'endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Ross Laybutt
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Baba B, Caliskan M, Boyuk G, Hacisevki A. Chemical Chaperone PBA Attenuates ER Stress and Upregulates SOCS3 Expression as a Regulator of Leptin Signaling. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 86:480-488. [PMID: 33941068 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is very sensitive to the nutritional and energy states of the cells. Disruption of ER homeostasis leads to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, which is defined as ER stress. ER stress triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). It is suggested that chronic ER stress is associated with obesity and leptin resistance. We investigated the role of ER stress and the effect of the ER stress inhibitor phenylbutyric acid (PBA) of ER stress, in obesity, as well as their impact on leptin signaling. This study involved twenty-four lean and twenty-four leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice divided into PBA- and vehicle-treated groups. Pancreatic islets were isolated, incubated with leptin for 48 h, and assayed for the expression of CHOP and XBP1s (UPR signaling indicators) and SOCS3 (regulator of leptin signaling) by RT-qPCR. The expression levels of XBP1s and CHOP were markedly increased in the ob/ob controls compared to other groups with and without leptin treatment. No significant differences in the XBP1s and CHOP expression levels were found between the PBA-treated ob/ob and lean mice. SOCS3 expression was significantly upregulated in the PBA-treated ob/ob mice compared to the ob/ob controls after leptin treatment; but no significant difference in the SOCS3 expression was found between the PBA-treated ob/ob and lean mice with and without leptin treatment. Our findings suggested that ER stress plays an important role in the pathology of obesity, while PBA reduces ER stress and may potentially ameliorate leptin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Baba
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yuksek Ihtisas University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey.
| | - Mursel Caliskan
- Department of Genetic, Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital, Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, 34245, Turkey.
| | - Gulbahar Boyuk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, 06050, Turkey.
| | - Aysun Hacisevki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
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47
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Madec AM, Perrier J, Panthu B, Dingreville F. Role of mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAMs) interactions and calcium exchange in the development of type 2 diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 363:169-202. [PMID: 34392929 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glucotoxicity-induced β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes is associated with alterations of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Mitochondria and ER form a network in cells that controls cell function and fate. Mitochondria of the pancreatic β cell play a central role in the secretion of insulin in response to glucose through their ability to produce ATP. Both organelles interact at contact sites, defined as mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), which were recently implicated in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Here, we review MAM functions in the cell and we focus on the crosstalk between the ER and Mitochondria in the context of T2D, highlighting the pivotal role played by MAMs especially in β cells through inter-organelle calcium exchange and glucotoxicity-associated β cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johan Perrier
- CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Lyon, France
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48
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Darenskaya MA, Kolesnikova LI, Kolesnikov SI. Oxidative Stress: Pathogenetic Role in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications and Therapeutic Approaches to Correction. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:179-189. [PMID: 34173093 PMCID: PMC8233182 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The review presents modern views about the role of oxidative stress reactions in the pathogenesis of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and their complications based on the analysis of experimental and clinical studies. The sources of increased ROS generation in diabetes are specified, including the main pathways of altered glucose metabolism, oxidative damage to pancreatic β-cells, and endothelial dysfunction. The relationship between oxidative stress, carbonyl stress, and inflammation is described. The significance of oxidative stress reactions associated with hyperglycemia is considered in the context of the “metabolic memory” phenomenon. The results of our studies demonstrated significant ethnic and age-related variability of the LPO—antioxidant defense system parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus, which should be considered during complex therapy of the disease. Numerous studies of the effectiveness of antioxidants in diabetes mellitus of both types convincingly proved that antioxidants should be a part of the therapeutic process. Modern therapeutic strategies in the treatment of diabetes mellitus are aimed at developing new methods of personalized antioxidant therapy, including ROS sources targeting combined with new ways of antioxidant delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Darenskaya
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - L I Kolesnikova
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - S I Kolesnikov
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
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49
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Elumalai S, Karunakaran U, Moon JS, Won KC. NADPH Oxidase (NOX) Targeting in Diabetes: A Special Emphasis on Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071573. [PMID: 34206537 PMCID: PMC8307876 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes, metabolic stress has a negative impact on pancreatic β-cell function and survival (T2D). Although the pathogenesis of metabolic stress is complex, an imbalance in redox homeostasis causes abnormal tissue damage and β-cell death due to low endogenous antioxidant expression levels in β-cells. Under diabetogenic conditions, the susceptibility of β-cells to oxidative damage by NADPH oxidase has been related to contributing to β-cell dysfunction. Here, we consider recent insights into how the redox response becomes deregulated under diabetic conditions by NADPH oxidase, as well as the therapeutic benefits of NOX inhibitors, which may provide clues for understanding the pathomechanisms and developing strategies aimed at the treatment or prevention of metabolic stress associated with β-cell failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suma Elumalai
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea; (S.E.); (U.K.)
| | - Udayakumar Karunakaran
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea; (S.E.); (U.K.)
| | - Jun-Sung Moon
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea; (S.E.); (U.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam Universtiy College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.M.); (K.-C.W.); Tel.: +82-53-620-3825 (J.-S.W.); +82-53-620-3846 (K.-C.W.)
| | - Kyu-Chang Won
- Innovative Center for Aging Research, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea; (S.E.); (U.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam Universtiy College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.M.); (K.-C.W.); Tel.: +82-53-620-3825 (J.-S.W.); +82-53-620-3846 (K.-C.W.)
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50
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Mechanisms of Beta-Cell Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes-Prone Situations and Potential Protection by GLP-1-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105303. [PMID: 34069914 PMCID: PMC8157542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia secondary to the decline of functional beta-cells and is usually accompanied by a reduced sensitivity to insulin. Whereas altered beta-cell function plays a key role in T2D onset, a decreased beta-cell mass was also reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of this metabolic disease. The decreased beta-cell mass in T2D is, at least in part, attributed to beta-cell apoptosis that is triggered by diabetogenic situations such as amyloid deposits, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. In this review, we discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis under such diabetes-prone situations. Finally, we considered the molecular signaling pathways recruited by glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies to potentially protect beta-cells from death under diabetogenic situations.
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