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Jung M, Rieder H, Reisert M, Rospleszcz S, Nattenmueller J, Peters A, Schlett CL, Bamberg F, Weiss J. Association between myosteatosis and impaired glucose metabolism: A deep learning whole-body magnetic resonance imaging population phenotyping approach. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024. [PMID: 39009381 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that myosteatosis, which is currently not assessed in clinical routine, plays an important role in risk estimation in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism, as it is associated with the progression of insulin resistance. With advances in artificial intelligence, automated and accurate algorithms have become feasible to fill this gap. METHODS In this retrospective study, we developed and tested a fully automated deep learning model using data from two prospective cohort studies (German National Cohort [NAKO] and Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg [KORA]) to quantify myosteatosis on whole-body T1-weighted Dixon magnetic resonance imaging as (1) intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT; the current standard) and (2) quantitative skeletal muscle (SM) fat fraction (SMFF). Subsequently, we investigated the two measures for their discrimination of and association with impaired glucose metabolism beyond baseline demographics (age, sex and body mass index [BMI]) and cardiometabolic risk factors (lipid panel, systolic blood pressure, smoking status and alcohol consumption) in asymptomatic individuals from the KORA study. Impaired glucose metabolism was defined as impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance (140-200 mg/dL) or prevalent diabetes mellitus. RESULTS Model performance was high, with Dice coefficients of ≥0.81 for IMAT and ≥0.91 for SM in the internal (NAKO) and external (KORA) testing sets. In the target population (380 KORA participants: mean age of 53.6 ± 9.2 years, BMI of 28.2 ± 4.9 kg/m2, 57.4% male), individuals with impaired glucose metabolism (n = 146; 38.4%) were older and more likely men and showed a higher cardiometabolic risk profile, higher IMAT (4.5 ± 2.2% vs. 3.9 ± 1.7%) and higher SMFF (22.0 ± 4.7% vs. 18.9 ± 3.9%) compared to normoglycaemic controls (all P ≤ 0.005). SMFF showed better discrimination for impaired glucose metabolism than IMAT (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.693 vs. 0.582, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.06-0.16]; P < 0.001) but was not significantly different from BMI (AUC 0.733 vs. 0.693, 95% CI [-0.09 to 0.01]; P = 0.15). In univariable logistic regression, IMAT (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% CI [1.06-1.32]; P = 0.004) and SMFF (OR = 1.19, 95% CI [1.13-1.26]; P < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of impaired glucose metabolism. This signal remained robust after multivariable adjustment for baseline demographics and cardiometabolic risk factors for SMFF (OR = 1.10, 95% CI [1.01-1.19]; P = 0.028) but not for IMAT (OR = 1.14, 95% CI [0.97-1.33]; P = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Quantitative SMFF, but not IMAT, is an independent predictor of impaired glucose metabolism, and discrimination is not significantly different from BMI, making it a promising alternative for the currently established approach. Automated methods such as the proposed model may provide a feasible option for opportunistic screening of myosteatosis and, thus, a low-cost personalized risk assessment solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Jung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Rieder
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Reisert
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Rospleszcz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Nattenmueller
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christopher L Schlett
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Weiss
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Feng Y, Ren Y, Zhang X, Yang S, Jiao Q, Li Q, Jiang W. Metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine targeting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway for hypoglycemic effect in type 2 diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1373711. [PMID: 38799166 PMCID: PMC11116707 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1373711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to the tightly intertwined connection between the insulin resistance pathway and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and its associated targets is essential for hypoglycemia and the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent years, metabolites isolated from traditional Chinese medicine has received more attention and acceptance for its superior bioactivity, high safety, and fewer side effects. Meanwhile, numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have revealed that the metabolites present in traditional Chinese medicine possess better bioactivities in regulating the balance of glucose metabolism, ameliorating insulin resistance, and preventing type 2 diabetes mellitus via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In this article, we reviewed the literature related to the metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine improving IR and possessing therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes mellitus by targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, focusing on the hypoglycemic mechanism of the metabolites of traditional Chinese medicine in type 2 diabetes mellitus and elaborating on the significant role of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenwen Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Chen K, Yu G. Tetrahydroalstonine possesses protective potentials on palmitic acid stimulated SK-N-MC cells by suppression of Aβ1-42 and tau through regulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 962:176251. [PMID: 38061471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease. The morbidity of Alzheimer's disease is currently on the rise worldwide, but no effective treatment is available. Cornus officinalis is an herb and edible plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, whose extract has neuroprotective properties. In this investigation, we endeavored to refine a systems pharmacology strategy combining bioinformatics analysis, drug prediction, network pharmacology, and molecular docking to screen tetrahydroalstonine (THA) from Cornus officinalis as a therapeutic component for AD. Subsequent in vitro experiments were validated using MTT assay, Annexin V-PI flow cytometry, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis. In Palmitate acid-induced SK-N-MC cells, THA restored the impaired PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, regulated insulin resistance, and attenuated BACE1 and GSK3β activity. In addition, THA significantly reduced cell apoptosis rate, down-regulated relative levels of p-JNK/JNK, Bax/Bcl-2, cytochrome C, active caspase-3 and caspase-3, and attenuated Palmitate acid-induced Aβ1-42 and Tau generation. THA may regulate the phenotype of AD and reduce cell apoptosis by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. This systematic analysis provides new ramifications concerning the therapeutic utility of tetrahydroalstonine for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Guran Yu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangsu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
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Mishra D, Reddy I, Dey CS. PKCα Isoform Inhibits Insulin Signaling and Aggravates Neuronal Insulin Resistance. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6642-6659. [PMID: 37470970 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of PKCα has been linked to inhibit insulin signaling disrupting IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylations in skeletal muscle. PKCα inhibits IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylations, but not required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscles. Inhibition of PKCα increased whereas in some studies decreased GLUT-4 levels at the plasma membrane in skeletal muscles and adipocytes. Controversial studies have reported opposite expression pattern of PKCα expression in insulin-resistant skeletal muscles. These findings indicate that the role of PKCα on insulin signaling is controversial and could be tissue specific. Evidently, studies are required to decipher the role of PKCα in regulating insulin signaling and preferably in other cellular systems. Utilizing neuronal cells, like Neuro-2a, SHSY-5Y and insulin-resistant diabetic mice brain tissues; we have demonstrated that PKCα inhibits insulin signaling, through IRS-Akt pathway in PP2A-dependent mechanism by an AS160-independent route involving 14-3-3ζ. Inhibition and silencing of PKCα improves insulin sensitivity by increasing GLUT-4 translocation to the plasma membrane and glucose uptake. PKCα regulates GSK3 isoforms in an opposite manner in insulin-sensitive and in insulin-resistant condition. Higher activity of PKCα aggravates insulin-resistant neuronal diabetic condition through GSK3β but not GSK3α. Our results mechanistically explored the contribution of PKCα in regulating neuronal insulin resistance and diabetes, which opens up new avenues in dealing with metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshi Mishra
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, Hauz Khas, -110016, India
| | - Ishitha Reddy
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, Hauz Khas, -110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, Hauz Khas, -110016, India.
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Guarisco G, Giordano M. Gender Differences in Insulin Resistance: New Knowledge and Perspectives. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7845-7861. [PMID: 37886939 PMCID: PMC10605445 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is the main mechanism in a whole series of pathological conditions, which are not only of metabolic interest but also of a systemic type. This phenomenon means that the body's cells become less sensitive to the hormone insulin, leading to higher levels of insulin in the blood. Insulin resistance is a phenomenon that can be found in both men and women and in particular, in the latter, it is found mainly after menopause. Premenopause, hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle, and the presence of estrogen can affect insulin sensitivity. Androgens, such as testosterone, are typically higher in men and can contribute to insulin resistance. In both sexes, different human body types affect the distribution and location of body fat, also influencing the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance is also associated with some neurological and neurogenerative disorders, polycystic ovary syndrome, atherosclerosis, and some of the main neoplastic pathologies. A healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and self-maintenance, can help to prevent the onset of insulin resistance, regardless of gender, although the different habits between men and women greatly affect the implementation of preventative guidelines that help in fighting the manifestations of this metabolic disorder. This review may help to shed light on gender differences in metabolic diseases by placing a necessary focus on personalized medical management and by inspiring differentiated therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Gloria Guarisco
- Diabetology, University Sapienza of Rome, Hospital of Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Campania, L. Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy;
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Pierantozzi E, Raucci L, Buonocore S, Rubino EM, Ding Q, Laurino A, Fiore F, Soldaini M, Chen J, Rossi D, Vangheluwe P, Chen H, Sorrentino V. Skeletal muscle overexpression of sAnk1.5 in transgenic mice does not predispose to type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8195. [PMID: 37210436 PMCID: PMC10199891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and cis-expression quantitative trait locus (cis-eQTL) analyses indicated an association of the rs508419 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with type 2 diabetes (T2D). rs508419 is localized in the muscle-specific internal promoter (P2) of the ANK1 gene, which drives the expression of the sAnk1.5 isoform. Functional studies showed that the rs508419 C/C variant results in increased transcriptional activity of the P2 promoter, leading to higher levels of sAnk1.5 mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle biopsies of individuals carrying the C/C genotype. To investigate whether sAnk1.5 overexpression in skeletal muscle might predispose to T2D development, we generated transgenic mice (TgsAnk1.5/+) in which the sAnk1.5 coding sequence was selectively overexpressed in skeletal muscle tissue. TgsAnk1.5/+ mice expressed up to 50% as much sAnk1.5 protein as wild-type (WT) muscles, mirroring the difference reported between individuals with the C/C or T/T genotype at rs508419. However, fasting glucose levels, glucose tolerance, insulin levels and insulin response in TgsAnk1.5/+ mice did not differ from those of age-matched WT mice monitored over a 12-month period. Even when fed a high-fat diet, TgsAnk1.5/+ mice only presented increased caloric intake, but glucose disposal, insulin tolerance and weight gain were comparable to those of WT mice fed a similar diet. Altogether, these data indicate that sAnk1.5 overexpression in skeletal muscle does not predispose mice to T2D susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pierantozzi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - L Raucci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - S Buonocore
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - E M Rubino
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Q Ding
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - A Laurino
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - F Fiore
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Soldaini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - J Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular Diagnosis and Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Rare Genetic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - P Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Chen
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - V Sorrentino
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular Diagnosis and Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Rare Genetic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Tang C, Bao T, Zhang Q, Qi H, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zhao L, Tong X. Clinical potential and mechanistic insights of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus: Focusing on gut microbiota, inflammation, and metabolism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116143. [PMID: 36632855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Natural herbs are gradually gaining recognition for their efficacy and safety in preventing diabetes and improving quality of life. Morus alba L. is a plant widely grown in Asia and is a traditional Chinese herb with a long history of use. Furthermore, several parts of Morus alba L. have been found to have significant health benefits. In particular, mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves (ML) have been shown in human and animal studies to be promising hypoglycemic agents that can reduce or prevent glucolipid metabolism disorders caused by imbalances in the gut microbiota, inflammation, and oxidative stress and have demonstrated significant improvements in glucose metabolism-related markers, effectively lowering blood glucose, and reducing hyperglycemia-induced target organ damage. AIM OF THE STUDY This review briefly summarizes the methods for obtaining ML's bioactive components, elaborates on the clinical potential of the relevant components in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and focuses on the therapeutic mechanisms of gut microbiota, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism, to provide more inspiration and directions for future research in the field of traditional natural plants for the management of T2DM and its complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research on ML and its bioactive components was mainly performed using electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceNet, to ensure the review's quality. In addition, master's and doctoral theses and ancient documents were consulted. RESULTS In clinical studies, we found that ML could effectively reduce blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in T2DM patients. Furthermore, many in vitro and in vivo experiments have found that ML is involved in various pathways that regulate glucolipid metabolism and resist diabetes while alleviating liver and kidney damage. CONCLUSIONS As a potential natural anti-diabetic phytomedicine, an in-depth study of ML can provide new ideas and valuable references for applying traditional Chinese medicine to treat T2DM. While continuously exploring its clinical efficacy and therapeutic mechanism, the extraction method should be optimized to improve the efficacy of the bioactive components. in addition, further research on the dose-response relationship of drugs to determine the effective dose range is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Changchun, China; Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yishan Huang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China; Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang' Anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Rochette E, Saidi O, Merlin É, Duché P. Physical activity as a promising alternative for young people with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Towards an evidence-based prescription. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119930. [PMID: 36860845 PMCID: PMC9969142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease in young people. Although biologics now enable most children and adolescents with JIA to enjoy clinical remission, patients present lower physical activity and spend more time in sedentary behavior than their healthy counterparts. This impairment probably results from a physical deconditioning spiral initiated by joint pain, sustained by apprehension on the part of both the child and the child's parents, and entrenched by lowered physical capacities. This in turn may exacerbate disease activity and lead to unfavorable health outcomes including increased risks of metabolic and mental comorbidities. Over the past few decades, there has been growing interest in the health benefits of increased overall physical activity as well as exercise interventions in young people with JIA. However, we are still far from evidence-based physical activity and / or exercise prescription for this population. In this review, we give an overview of the available data supporting physical activity and / or exercise as a behavioral, non-pharmacological alternative to attenuate inflammation while also improving metabolism, disease symptoms, poor sleep, synchronization of circadian rhythms, mental health, and quality of life in JIA. Finally, we discuss clinical implications, identify gaps in knowledge, and outline a future research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Rochette
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France,*Correspondence: Emmanuelle Rochette,
| | - Oussama Saidi
- Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France
| | - Étienne Merlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Clermont Auvergne University, INSERM, CIC 1405, CRECHE unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Toulon University, Laboratory “Impact of Physical Activity on Health” (IAPS), Toulon, France
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Sex-Inclined Piwi-Interacting RNAs in Serum Exosomes for Sex Determination in the Greater Amberjack ( Seriola dumerili). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043438. [PMID: 36834847 PMCID: PMC9962539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) is a gonochoristic fish with no sexual dimorphism in appearance, making sex identification difficult. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) function in transposon silencing and gametogenesis and are involved in various physiological processes, including sex development and differentiation. Exosomal piRNAs can be indicators for the determination of sex and physiological status. In this study, four piRNAs were differentially expressed in both serum exosomes and gonads between male and female greater amberjack. Three piRNAs (piR-dre-32793, piR-dre-5797, and piR-dre-73318) were significantly up-regulated and piR-dre-332 was significantly down-regulated in serum exosomes and gonads of male fish, compared to female fish, consistent with the serum exosomal results. According to the relative expression of four marker piRNAs derived from the serum exosomes of greater amberjack, the highest relative expression of piR-dre-32793, piR-dre-5797, and piR-dre-73318 in seven female fish and that of piR-dre-332 in seven male fish can be used as the standard for sex determination. The method of sex identification can ascertain the sex of greater amberjack by blood collection from the living body, without sacrificing fish. The four piRNAs did not show sex-inclined expression in the hypothalamus, pituitary, heart, liver, intestine, and muscle tissue. A piRNA-target interaction network involving 32 piRNA-mRNA pairs was generated. Sex-related target genes were enriched in sex-related pathways, including oocyte meiosis, transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and gonadotropin releasing hormone signaling pathway. These results provide a basis for sex determination in greater amberjack and improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying sex development and differentiation in the species.
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Ullah I, Hassan M, Khan KM, Sajid M, Umar M, Hassan S, Ullah A, El-Serehy HA, Charifi W, Yasmin H. Thiourea derivatives inhibit key diabetes-associated enzymes and advanced glycation end-product formation as a treatment for diabetes mellitus. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:161-180. [PMID: 36565478 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to screen novel thiourea derivatives against different enzymes, such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B, and advanced glycated end product (AGEs). A cytotoxicity analysis was performed using rat L6 myotubes and molecular docking analysis was performed to map the binding interactions between the active compounds and α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The data revealed the potency of five compounds, including E (1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(3,4-dimethyl phenyl) thiourea), AG (1-(2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-3-(3-methoxy phenyl) thiourea), AF (1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-ethylphenyl) thiourea), AD (1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(4-ethylphenyl) thiourea), and AH (1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(2-iodophenyl) thiourea), showed activity against α-amylase. The corresponding percentage inhibitions were found to be 85 ± 1.9, 82 ± 0.7, 75 ± 1.2, 72 ± 0.4, and 65 ± 1.1%, respectively. These compounds were then screened using in vitro assays. Among them, AH showed the highest activity against α-glucosidase, AGEs, and PTP1B, with percentage inhibitions of 86 ± 0.4% (IC50 = 47.9 μM), 85 ± 0.7% (IC50 = 49.51 μM), and 85 ± 0.5% (IC50 = 79.74 μM), respectively. Compound AH showed an increased glucose uptake at a concentration of 100 μM. Finally, an in vivo study was conducted using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model and PTP1B expression was assessed using real-time PCR. Additionally, we examined the hypoglycemic effect of compound AH in diabetic rats compared to the standard drug glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mukhtiar Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Khalid M Khan
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Said Hassan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Amin Ullah
- Department of Health and Biological Sciecnes, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Charifi
- Cochin Institute, University of Paris, INSERM, U1016, Paris, France
| | - Humaira Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms drive our daily behaviors to coincide with the earth's rotation on an approximate 24-h cycle. The circadian clock mechanism present in nearly every cell is responsible for our circadian rhythms and is comprised of a transcriptional-translational feedback loop in mammals. The central clock resides in the hypothalamus responding to external light cues, whereas peripheral clocks receive signals from the central clock and are also sensitive to cues from feeding and activity. Of the peripheral clocks, the skeletal muscle clock is particularly sensitive to exercise which has shown to be an important time-cue with the ability to influence and adjust the muscle clock phase in response to exercise timing. Since the skeletal muscle clock is also involved in the expression of tissue-specific gene expression-including glucoregulatory genes-this might suggest a role for exercise timing as a therapeutic strategy in metabolic diseases, like type 2 diabetes. Notably, those with type 2 diabetes have accompanied disruptions in their skeletal muscle clock mechanism which may also be related to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes seen among shift workers. Therefore, the direct influence of exercise on the skeletal muscle clock might support the use of exercise timing to provide disease-mitigating effects. Here, we highlight the potential use of time-of-day exercise as a chronotherapeutic tool within circadian medicine to improve the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetes and support long-term glycemic control, potentially working through the skeletal muscle clock and circadian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Martin
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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12
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Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Larqué C, Velasco M, Chávez-Maldonado JP, Sabido J, Sanchez-Zamora YI, Hiriart M. Sexual dimorphism in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance during a critical developmental window in Wistar rats. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:154. [PMID: 36224569 PMCID: PMC9554987 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which the response of organs to insulin is impaired. IR is an early marker of metabolic dysfunction. However, IR also appears in physiological contexts during critical developmental windows. The molecular mechanisms of physiological IR are largely unknown in both sexes. Sexual dimorphism in insulin sensitivity is observed since early stages of development. We propose that during periods of accelerated growth, such as around weaning, at postnatal day 20 (p20) in rats, the kinase S6K1 is overactivated and induces impairment of insulin signaling in its target organs. This work aimed to characterize IR at p20, determine its underlying mechanisms, and identify whether sexual dimorphism in physiological IR occurs during this stage.
Methods We determined systemic insulin sensitivity through insulin tolerance tests, glucose tolerance tests, and blood glucose and insulin levels under fasting and fed conditions at p20 and adult male and female Wistar rats. Furthermore, we quantified levels of S6K1 phosphorylated at threonine 389 (T389) (active form) and its target IRS1 phosphorylated at serine 1101 (S1101) (inhibited form). In addition, we assessed insulin signal transduction by measuring levels of Akt phosphorylated at serine 473 (S473) (active form) in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle through western blot. Finally, we determined the presence and function of GLUT4 in the plasma membrane by measuring the glucose uptake of adipocytes. Results were compared using two-way ANOVA (With age and sex as factors) and one-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s tests or t-student test in each corresponding case. Statistical significance was considered for P values < 0.05. Results We found that both male and female p20 rats have elevated levels of glucose and insulin, low systemic insulin sensitivity, and glucose intolerance. We identified sex- and tissue-related differences in the activation of insulin signaling proteins in p20 rats compared to adult rats. Conclusions Male and female p20 rats present physiological insulin resistance with differences in the protein activation of insulin signaling. This suggests that S6K1 overactivation and the resulting IRS1 inhibition by phosphorylation at S1101 may modulate to insulin sensitivity in a sex- and tissue-specific manner. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00965-6. Insulin regulates the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins differently between males, and females. One of its primary functions is maintaining adequate blood glucose levels favoring glucose entry in muscle and adipose tissue after food consumption. Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition in which the response of organs to insulin is impaired. IR is frequently associated with metabolic dysfunction such as inflammation, obesity, or type 2 diabetes. However, physiological IR develops in healthy individuals during periods of rapid growth, pregnancy, or aging by mechanisms not fully understood. We studied the postnatal development, specifically around weaning at postnatal day 20 (p20) of Wistar rats. In previous works, we identified insulin resistance during this period in male rats. This work aimed to characterize IR at p20, determine its underlying mechanisms, and identify whether sexual dimorphism in physiological IR occurs during this stage. We found that p20 rats of both sexes have elevated blood glucose and insulin levels, low systemic insulin sensitivity, and glucose intolerance. We identified differences in insulin-regulated protein activation (S6K1, IRS1, Akt, and GLUT4) between sexes in different tissues and adipose tissue depots. Studying these mechanisms and their differences between males and females is essential to understanding insulin actions and their relationship with the possible development of metabolic diseases in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Larqué
- Department of Embryology, and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Chávez-Maldonado
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jean Sabido
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yuriko Itzel Sanchez-Zamora
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Ye Z, Ma J, Liu Y, Xu B, Dai X, Fu M, Tian T, Sui X, Mo F, Gao S, Zhao D, Zhang D. Jiangtang Sanhao formula ameliorates skeletal muscle insulin resistance via regulating GLUT4 translocation in diabetic mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:950535. [PMID: 36160420 PMCID: PMC9492927 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jiangtang Sanhao formula (JTSHF), one of the prescriptions for treating the patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) in traditional Chinese medicine clinic, has been demonstrated to effectively ameliorate the clinical symptoms of diabetic patients with overweight or hyperlipidemia. The preliminary studies demonstrated that JTSHF may enhance insulin sensitivity and improve glycolipid metabolism in obese mice. However, the action mechanism of JTSHF on skeletal muscles in diabetic mice remains unclear. To this end, high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were subjected to JTSHF intervention. The results revealed that JTSHF granules could reduce food and water intake, decrease body fat mass, and improve glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscles of diabetic mice. These effects may be linked to the stimulation of GLUT4 expression and translocation via regulating AMPKα/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. The results may offer a novel explanation of JTSHF to prevent against diabetes and IR-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimengwei Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinkun Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yage Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bingrui Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Fu
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Information and Educational Technology Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Zhao, ; Dongwei Zhang,
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandan Zhao, ; Dongwei Zhang,
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14
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Park JE, Son J, Seo Y, Han JS. HM-Chromanone Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091951. [PMID: 35565920 PMCID: PMC9101766 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of (E)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-chromanone (HMC) on hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia were investigated in diabetic mice. Mice were separated into three groups: db/db, rosiglitazone and HMC. Blood glucose or glycosylated hemoglobin values in HMC-treated mice were significantly lower compared to db/db mice. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride values were lower, and HDL-C levels were higher, in the HMC group compared to the diabetic and rosiglitazone groups. HMC markedly increased IRS-1Tyr612, AktSer473 and PI3K levels and plasma membrane GLUT4 levels in skeletal muscle, suggesting improved insulin resistance. HMC also significantly stimulated AMPKThr172 and PPARα in the liver, and ameliorated dyslipidemia by inhibiting SREBP-1c and FAS. Consequently, HMC reduced hyperglycemia by improving the expression of insulin-resistance-related genes and improved dyslipidemia by regulating fatty acid synthase and oxidation-related genes in db/db mice. Therefore, HMC could ameliorate hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Jaemin Son
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Ocean Science & Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea; (J.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Youngwan Seo
- Division of Marine Bioscience, Ocean Science & Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea; (J.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ji Sook Han
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2836; Fax: +82-51-583-3648
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15
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Kim EH, Kim HK, Lee MJ, Bae SJ, Kim KW, Choe J. Association between type 2 diabetes and skeletal muscle quality assessed by abdominal computed tomography scan. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3513. [PMID: 34799961 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the association between type 2 diabetes and the amount and quality of trunk muscle as assessed by computed tomography (CT) scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20,986 subjects (13,007 men and 7979 women) who underwent abdominal CT scan as part of a routine health check-up were included. The total abdominal muscle area (TAMA) measured at the third lumbar vertebrae was classified into skeletal muscle area (SMA), and intermuscular adipose tissue area. SMA was divided into good quality muscles (normal attenuation muscle area [NAMA]) and poor quality muscles (low attenuation muscle area). NAMA/TAMA index was calculated. RESULTS Subjects with type 2 diabetes had higher values of TAMA and SMA but significantly lower values of NAMA and NAMA/TAMA index. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of NAMA/TAMA index, subjects in the highest quartile had metabolically favourable laboratory findings, a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes (Q1 vs. Q4: 19.3% vs. 9.5% in men, 12.3% vs. 3.0% in women) and inverse association with type 2 diabetes (odds ratio for Q2, Q3, and Q4: 0.87, 0.78, and 0.75 in men; 0.82, 0.70, and 0.68 in women) after multivariable adjustment. CONCLUSIONS The amount of good quality muscle on CT scan was associated with a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hee Kim
- Subdivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kyu Kim
- Subdivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Lee
- Subdivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Subdivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Choe
- Subdivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health Screening and Promotion Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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16
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Xiao X, Luo Y, Peng D. Updated Understanding of the Crosstalk Between Glucose/Insulin and Cholesterol Metabolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:879355. [PMID: 35571202 PMCID: PMC9098828 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.879355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose and cholesterol engage in almost all human physiological activities. As the primary energy substance, glucose can be assimilated and converted into diverse essential substances, including cholesterol. Cholesterol is mainly derived from de novo biosynthesis and the intestinal absorption of diets. It is evidenced that glucose/insulin promotes cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake, which have been targeted by several drugs for lipid-lowering, e.g., bempedoic acid, statins, ezetimibe, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors. Inversely, these lipid-lowering drugs may also interfere with glucose metabolism. This review would briefly summarize the mechanisms of glucose/insulin-stimulated cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake, and discuss the effect and mechanisms of lipid-lowering drugs and genetic mutations on glucose homeostasis, aiming to help better understand the intricate relationship between glucose and cholesterol metabolism.
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17
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Drugs Interfering with Insulin Resistance and Their Influence on the Associated Hypermetabolic State in Severe Burns: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189782. [PMID: 34575946 PMCID: PMC8466307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become widely accepted that insulin resistance and glucose hypermetabolism can be linked to acute pathologies, such as burn injury, severe trauma, or sepsis. Severe burns can determine a significant increase in catabolism, having an important effect on glucose metabolism and on muscle protein metabolism. It is imperative to acknowledge that these alterations can lead to increased mortality through organ failure, even when the patients survive the initial trauma caused by the burn. By limiting the peripheral use of glucose with consequent hyperglycemia, insulin resistance determines compensatory increased levels of insulin in plasma. However, the significant alterations in cellular metabolism lead to a lack of response to insulin's anabolic functions, as well as to a decrease in its cytoprotective role. In the end, via pathological insulin signaling associated with increased liver gluconeogenesis, elevated levels of glucose are detected in the blood. Several cellular mechanisms have been incriminated in the development of insulin resistance in burns. In this context, the main aim of this review article is to summarize some of the drugs that might interfere with insulin resistance in burns, taking into consideration that such an approach can significantly improve the prognosis of the burned patient.
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18
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Insulin Signal Transduction Perturbations in Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168590. [PMID: 34445300 PMCID: PMC8395322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a widespread medical condition, characterized by high blood glucose and inadequate insulin action, which leads to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance in insulin-responsive tissues precedes the onset of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Multiple molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms are involved in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a consequence of a complex combination of metabolic disorders, lipotoxicity, glucotoxicity, and inflammation. There is ample evidence linking different mechanistic approaches as the cause of insulin resistance, but no central mechanism is yet described as an underlying reason behind this condition. This review combines and interlinks the defects in the insulin signal transduction pathway of the insulin resistance state with special emphasis on the AGE-RAGE-NF-κB axis. Here, we describe important factors that play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance to provide directionality for the events. The interplay of inflammation and oxidative stress that leads to β-cell decline through the IAPP-RAGE induced β-cell toxicity is also addressed. Overall, by generating a comprehensive overview of the plethora of mechanisms involved in insulin resistance, we focus on the establishment of unifying mechanisms to provide new insights for the future interventions of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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19
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Zakaria NF, Hamid M, Khayat ME. Amino Acid-Induced Impairment of Insulin Signaling and Involvement of G-Protein Coupling Receptor. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072229. [PMID: 34209599 PMCID: PMC8308393 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are needed for general bodily function and well-being. Despite their importance, augmentation in their serum concentration is closely related to metabolic disorder, insulin resistance (IR), or worse, diabetes mellitus. Essential amino acids such as the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have been heavily studied as a plausible biomarker or even a cause of IR. Although there is a long list of benefits, in subjects with abnormal amino acids profiles, some amino acids are correlated with a higher risk of IR. Metabolic dysfunction, upregulation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, the gut microbiome, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, inflammation, and the collusion of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the indicators and causes of metabolic disorders generating from amino acids that contribute to IR and the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review summarizes the current understanding of the true involvement of amino acids with IR. Additionally, the involvement of GPCRs in IR will be further discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fatini Zakaria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Muhajir Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Ezuan Khayat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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20
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C2C12 myoblasts are more sensitive to the toxic effects of simvastatin than myotubes and show impaired proliferation and myotube formation. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 190:114649. [PMID: 34111424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Statins reduce cardiovascular complications in patients with high LDL-cholesterol but are associated with myopathy. We compared the toxicity of simvastatin of C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. Since myoblasts can proliferate and fuse to myotubes, myoblasts can be considered as satellite cells and myotubes as mature muscle fibers. Simvastatin increased plasma membrane permeability and decreased the cellular ATP content in both myoblasts and myotubes, but with a stronger effect on myoblasts. While insulin prevented cytotoxicity up to 8 h after addition of simvastatin to myotubes, prevention in myoblasts required simultaneous addition. Mevalonate and geranylgeraniol prevented simvastatin-associated cytotoxicity in both myoblasts and myotubes. Simvastatin impaired the phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR β), Akt ser473 and S6rp, and increased phosphorylation of AMPK thr172 in both myotubes and myoblasts, which was prevented by insulin and mevalonate. Simvastatin impaired oxygen consumption and increased superoxide production by myoblasts and myotubes and induced apoptosis via cytochrome c release. In addition, simvastatin impaired proliferation and fusion of myoblasts to myotubes by inhibiting the expression of the nuclear transcription factor MyoD and of the metalloprotease ADAM-12. Decreased expression of the proliferation factor Ki-67 and of ADAM-12 were also observed in gastrocnemius of mice treated with simvastatin. In conclusion, myoblasts were more susceptible to the toxic effects of simvastatin and simvastatin impaired myoblast proliferation and myotube formation. Impaired muscle regeneration may represent a new mechanism of statin myotoxicity.
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21
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Mishra D, Dey CS. PKCα: Prospects in Regulating Insulin Resistance and AD. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:341-350. [PMID: 33858742 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) is known to participate in various signaling pathways due to its ubiquitous and dynamic characteristics. Previous studies report that PKCα abrogates peripheral insulin resistance, and recent publications show that it takes part in regulating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Based on evidence in the literature, we have highlighted how many of the substrates of PKCα in its signal transduction cascades are common in AD and diabetes and may have the capability to regulate both diseases simultaneously. Signaling pathways crosslinking these two diseases by PKCα have not been explored. Understanding the complexities of PKCα interactions with common molecules will deepen our understanding of its regulation of relevant pathophysiologies and, in the future, may broaden the possibility of using PKCα as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshi Mishra
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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22
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Geddo F, Antoniotti S, Querio G, Salaroglio IC, Costamagna C, Riganti C, Gallo MP. Plant-Derived Trans-β-Caryophyllene Boosts Glucose Metabolism and ATP Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle Cells through Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Stimulation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030916. [PMID: 33809114 PMCID: PMC7999495 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a pivotal role in whole-body glucose metabolism, accounting for the highest percentage of glucose uptake and utilization in healthy subjects. Impairment of these key functions occurs in several conditions including sedentary lifestyle and aging, driving toward hyperglycemia and metabolic chronic diseases. Therefore, strategies pointed to improve metabolic health by targeting skeletal muscle biochemical pathways are extremely attractive. Among them, we focused on the natural sesquiterpene and cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor agonist Trans-β-caryophyllene (BCP) by analyzing its role in enhancing glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells. Experiments were performed on C2C12 myotubes. CB2 receptor membrane localization in myotubes was assessed by immunofluorescence. Within glucose metabolism, we evaluated glucose uptake (by the fluorescent glucose analog 2-NBDG), key enzymes of both glycolytic and oxidative pathways (by spectrophotometric assays and metabolic radiolabeling) and ATP production (by chemiluminescence-based assays). In all experiments, CB2 receptor involvement was tested with the CB2 antagonists AM630 and SR144528. Our results show that in myotubes, BCP significantly enhances glucose uptake, glycolytic and oxidative pathways, and ATP synthesis through a CB2-dependent mechanism. Giving these outcomes, CB2 receptor stimulation by BCP could represent an appealing tool to improve skeletal muscle glucose metabolism, both in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Geddo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (S.A.); (G.Q.)
| | - Susanna Antoniotti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (S.A.); (G.Q.)
| | - Giulia Querio
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (S.A.); (G.Q.)
| | - Iris Chiara Salaroglio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.C.S.); (C.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Costanzo Costamagna
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.C.S.); (C.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Via Santena 5/bis, 10126 Turin, Italy; (I.C.S.); (C.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Maria Pia Gallo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy; (F.G.); (S.A.); (G.Q.)
- Correspondence:
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Alismatis Rhizoma Triterpenes Alleviate High-Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle of Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8857687. [PMID: 33623531 PMCID: PMC7875633 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8857687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Alismatis rhizoma (AR), which is the dried rhizome of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juz. (Alismataceae), is an important component of many famous Chinese formulas for hypoglycemic. This study aimed to evaluate the insulin resistance (IR) alleviating effects of AR triterpenes (ART) and ART component compatibility (ARTC, the mixture of 16-oxo-alisol A, 16-oxo-alisol A 23-acetate, 16-oxo-alisol A 24-acetate, alisol C, alisol C 23-acetate, alisol L, alisol A, alisol A 23-acetate, alisol A 24-acetate, alisol L 23-acetate, alisol B, alisol B 23-acetate, 11-deoxy-alisol B and 11-deoxy-alisol B 23-acetate) in high-fat diet-induced IR mice and plamitate-treated IR C2C12 cells, respectively. A dose of 200 mg/kg of ART was orally administered to IR mice, and different doses (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) of ARTC groups were treated to IR C2C12 cells. IPGTT, IPITT, body weight, Hb1AC, FFA, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IR-associated gene expression (p-AMPK, p-IRS-1, PI3K, p-AKT, p-JNK, and GLUT4) were measured in IR mice. Glucose uptake, TNF-α, MCP-1, and IR-associated gene expression were also measured in IR C2C12 cells. Results showed that ART alleviated high-fat diet-induced IR in the skeletal muscle of mice, and this finding was further validated by ARTC. This study demonstrated that ART presented a notable IR alleviating effect by regulating IR-associated gene expression, and triterpenes were the material basis for the IR alleviating activity of AR.
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Effects of Physiological Doses of Resveratrol and Quercetin on Glucose Metabolism in Primary Myotubes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031384. [PMID: 33573178 PMCID: PMC7866515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have emerged in recent years as an option to face insulin resistance and diabetes. The central aim of this study was: (1) to demonstrate that physiological doses of resveratrol (RSV) or quercetin (Q) can influence glucose metabolism in human myotubes, (2) to establish whether AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B -PKB- (Akt) pathways are involved in this effect. In addition, the effects of these polyphenols on mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation were analysed. Myotubes from healthy donors were cultured for 24 h with either 0.1 μM of RSV or with 10 μM of Q. Glucose metabolism, such as glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, and lactate production, were measured with D[U-14C]glucose. β-oxidation using [1-14C]palmitate as well as the expression of key metabolic genes and proteins by Real Time PCR and Western blot were also assessed. Although RSV and Q increased pgc1α expression, they did not significantly change either glucose oxidation or β-oxidation. Q increased AMPK, insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), and AS160 phosphorylation in basal conditions and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β) in insulin-stimulated conditions. RSV tended to increase the phosphorylation rates of AMPK and GSK3β. Both of the polyphenols increased insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and reduced lactate production in human myotubes. Thus, physiological doses of RSV or Q may exhibit anti-diabetic actions in human myotubes.
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Bashkin A, Ghanim M, Abu-Farich B, Rayan M, Miari R, Srouji S, Rayan A, Falah M. Forty-One Plant Extracts Screened for Dual Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Functions: Evaluating the Types of Correlation between -Amylase Inhibition and Free Radical Scavenging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26020317. [PMID: 33435419 PMCID: PMC7827760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis followed by chronic hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disease spreading as a worldwide pandemic for which there is no satisfactory dietary treatment or cure. The development of glucose-controlling drugs that can prevent complications of DM, such as hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, which contribute to the impairment of the key physiological processes in the body, is of grave importance. In pursuit of this goal, this study screened 41 plant extracts for their antidiabetic and antioxidant activities by employing assays to test for α-amylase inhibition and free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) and by measuring glucose uptake in L6-GLUT4myc cells. While extracts of Rhus coriaria, Punica granatum, Olea europaea, Pelargonium spp., Stevia rebaudiana, and Petroselinum crispum demonstrated significant α-amylase inhibition, the extracts of Rhus coriaria and Pelargonium spp. also demonstrated increased FRSA, and the extract of Rhus coriaria stimulated glucose uptake. These natural extracts, which are believed to have fewer side effects because they are prepared from edible plants, interfere with the process in the small intestine that breaks down dietary carbohydrates into monosaccharide and disaccharide derivatives, and thereby suppress increases in diet-induced blood glucose; hence, they may have clinical value for type 2 diabetes management. The Pelargonium spp. and Rhus coriaria extracts demonstrated the highest antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. Both plants may offer valuable medical benefits, especially because they can be taken as dietary supplements by patients with diabetes and can serve as sources of new, natural-based antidiabetic drug candidates. The enhancement of cellular glucose uptake stimulated by Rhus coriaria extract could lead to the development of clinical applications that regulate blood glucose levels from within the circulatory system. Isolating bioactive substances from these plant extracts and testing them in diabetic mice will significantly advance the development of natural drugs that have both antidiabetic and free radical-scavenging properties, likely with lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bashkin
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Manar Ghanim
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Basheer Abu-Farich
- Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel; (B.A.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Mahmoud Rayan
- Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel; (B.A.-F.); (M.R.)
| | - Reem Miari
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Samer Srouji
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Anwar Rayan
- Faculty of Science, Al-Qasemi Academic College, Baka EL-Garbiah 30100, Israel; (B.A.-F.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.F.)
| | - Mizied Falah
- Galilee Medical Center, Institute for Medical Research, Nahariya 2210001, Israel; (A.B.); (M.G.); (R.M.); (S.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (M.F.)
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Sun HJ, Wu ZY, Nie XW, Bian JS. The Role of H 2S in the Metabolism of Glucose and Lipids. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1315:51-66. [PMID: 34302688 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-0991-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose and lipids are essential elements for maintaining the body's homeostasis, and their dysfunction may participate in the pathologies of various diseases, particularly diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular ailments, and cancers. Among numerous endogenous mediators, the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays a central role in the maintenance of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Current evidence from both pharmacological studies and transgenic animal models suggest a complex relationship between H2S and metabolic dysregulation, especially in diabetes and obesity. This notion is achieved through tissue-specific expressions and actions of H2S on target metabolic and hormone organs including the pancreas, skeletal muscle, livers, and adipose. In this chapter, we will summarize the roles and mechanisms of H2S in several metabolic organs/tissues that are necessary for glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis. In addition, future research directions and valuable therapeutic avenues around the pharmacological regulation of H2S in glycolipid metabolism disorder will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jian Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao-Wei Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Song Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China.
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Manglani K, Dey CS. Tankyrase inhibition augments neuronal insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake via AMPK-AS160 mediated pathway. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104854. [PMID: 33002563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tankyrase, a member of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family, regulates various cellular pathways including wnt signaling, telomere maintenance and mitosis, has become a prime target for the development of cancer therapeutics. Inhibition of tankyrase, which leads to its increased cellular accumulation, reveal the role of tankyrase in the regulation of Glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation and glucose homeostasis in peripheral insulin responsive tissues. While in adipocytes inhibition of tankyrase improves insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, its inhibition in skeletal muscle leads to development of insulin resistance. Evidently further studies are required to determine the broader perspective of tankyrase in other cellular systems in regulating insulin signaling and insulin resistance. Role of tankyrase in neuronal tissues/cells has not been tested. In the present study, we investigated the effect of tankyrase inhibition in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant Neuro-2a cells. Here, we report that XAV939 treatment, a tankyrase inhibitor, improves insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive as well as in insulin-resistant neuronal cells via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) - AKT Substrate of 160 kDa (AS160) mediated pathway without affecting the phosphorylation/activation of AKT. AMPK inhibition by Compound C repressed XAV939 treatment mediated increase in glucose uptake, confirming the role of tankyrase in glucose uptake via AMPK. We show for the first time that inhibition of tankyrase significantly improves glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity of insulin-resistant neuronal cells via AMPK-AS160 mediated pathway. Our study demonstrates new mechanistic insights of tankyrase mediated regulation of insulin sensitivity as well as glucose uptake in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Manglani
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology - Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Biswas D, Dao KT, Mercer A, Cowie AM, Duffley L, El Hiani Y, Kienesberger PC, Pulinilkunnil T. Branched-chain ketoacid overload inhibits insulin action in the muscle. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15597-15621. [PMID: 32878988 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain α-keto acids (BCKAs) are catabolites of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Intracellular BCKAs are cleared by branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), which is sensitive to inhibitory phosphorylation by BCKD kinase (BCKDK). Accumulation of BCKAs is an indicator of defective BCAA catabolism and has been correlated with glucose intolerance and cardiac dysfunction. However, it is unclear whether BCKAs directly alter insulin signaling and function in the skeletal and cardiac muscle cell. Furthermore, the role of excess fatty acids (FAs) in perturbing BCAA catabolism and BCKA availability merits investigation. By using immunoblotting and ultra-performance liquid chromatography MS/MS to analyze the hearts of fasted mice, we observed decreased BCAA-catabolizing enzyme expression and increased circulating BCKAs, but not BCAAs. In mice subjected to diet-induced obesity (DIO), we observed similar increases in circulating BCKAs with concomitant changes in BCAA-catabolizing enzyme expression only in the skeletal muscle. Effects of DIO were recapitulated by simulating lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle cells treated with saturated FA, palmitate. Exposure of muscle cells to high concentrations of BCKAs resulted in inhibition of insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation, decreased glucose uptake, and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Altering intracellular clearance of BCKAs by genetic modulation of BCKDK and BCKDHA expression showed similar effects on AKT phosphorylation. BCKAs increased protein translation and mTORC1 activation. Pretreating cells with mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin restored BCKA's effect on insulin-induced AKT phosphorylation. This study provides evidence for FA-mediated regulation of BCAA-catabolizing enzymes and BCKA content and highlights the biological role of BCKAs in regulating muscle insulin signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipsikha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Khoi T Dao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Angella Mercer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Andrew M Cowie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Luke Duffley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Petra C Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.
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Statin Treatment-Induced Development of Type 2 Diabetes: From Clinical Evidence to Mechanistic Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134725. [PMID: 32630698 PMCID: PMC7369709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are the gold-standard treatment for the prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the safety and relative tolerability of statins, observational studies, clinical trials and meta-analyses indicate an increased risk of developing new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after long-term statin treatment. It has been shown that statins can impair insulin sensitivity and secretion by pancreatic β-cells and increase insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The mechanisms involved in these processes include, among others, impaired Ca2+ signaling in pancreatic β-cells, down-regulation of GLUT-4 in adipocytes and compromised insulin signaling. In addition, it has also been described that statins’ impact on epigenetics may also contribute to statin-induced T2DM via differential expression of microRNAs. This review focuses on the evidence and mechanisms by which statin therapy is associated with the development of T2DM. This review describes the multifactorial combination of effects that most likely contributes to the diabetogenic effects of statins. Clinically, these findings should encourage clinicians to consider diabetes monitoring in patients receiving statin therapy in order to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate management.
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Pietrobon CB, Miranda RA, Bertasso IM, Mathias PCDF, Bonfleur ML, Balbo SL, Reis MADB, Latorraca MQ, Arantes VC, de Oliveira E, Lisboa PC, de Moura EG. Early weaning induces short- and long-term effects on pancreatic islets in Wistar rats of both sexes. J Physiol 2020; 598:489-502. [PMID: 31828802 DOI: 10.1113/jp278833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age as an important strategy to reduce child morbidity and mortality. Studies have associated early weaning with the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. In our model, we demonstrated that early weaning leads to increased insulin secretion in adolescent males and reduced insulin secretion in adult offspring. Early weaned males exhibit insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Early weaning did not change insulin signalling in the muscle of female offspring. Taking into account that insulin resistance is one of the primary factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, this work demonstrates the importance of breastfeeding in the fight against this disease. ABSTRACT Early weaning (EW) leads to short- and long-term obesity and diabetes. This phenotype is also observed in experimental models, in which early-weaned males exhibit abnormal insulinaemia in adulthood. However, studies regarding the effect of EW on pancreatic islets are rare. We investigated the mechanisms by which glycaemic homeostasis is altered in EW models through evaluations of insulin secretion and its signalling pathway in offspring. Lactating Wistar rats and their pups were divided into the following groups: non-pharmacological EW (NPEW): mothers were wrapped with an adhesive bandage on the last 3 days of lactation; pharmacological EW (PEW): mothers received bromocriptine to inhibit prolactin (1 mg/kg body mass/day) on the last 3 days of lactation; and control (C): pups underwent standard weaning at PN21. Offspring of both sexes were euthanized at PN45 and PN180. At PN45, EW males showed higher insulin secretion (vs. C). At PN170, PEW males exhibited hyperglycaemia in an oral glucose tolerance test (vs. C and NPEW). At PN180, EW male offspring were heavier; however, both sexes showed higher visceral fat. Insulin secretion was lower in EW offspring of both sexes. Males from both EW groups had lower glucokinase in islets, but unexpectedly, PEW males showed higher GLUT2, than did C. EW males exhibited lower insulin signalling in muscle. EW females exhibited no changes in these parameters compared with C. We demonstrated distinct alterations in the insulin secretion of EW rats at different ages. Despite the sex dimorphism in insulin secretion in adolescence, both sexes showed impaired insulin secretion in adulthood due to EW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bruna Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iala Milene Bertasso
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringa, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Bonfleur
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lucinei Balbo
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology and Metabolism, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Queiroz Latorraca
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Arantes
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Elaine de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Kempegowda P, Melson E, Manolopoulos KN, Arlt W, O’Reilly MW. Implicating androgen excess in propagating metabolic disease in polycystic ovary syndrome. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820934319. [PMID: 32637065 PMCID: PMC7315669 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820934319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) has been traditionally perceived as a reproductive disorder due to its most common presentation with menstrual dysfunction and infertility. However, it is now clear that women with PCOS are at increased risk of metabolic dysfunction, from impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. PCOS is characterised by androgen excess, with cross-sectional data showing that hyperandrogenism is directly complicit in the development of metabolic complications. Recent studies have also shown that C11-oxy C19 androgens are emerging to be clinically and biochemically significant in PCOS, thus emphasising the importance of understanding the impact of both classic and C11-oxy C19 androgens on women's health. Here we discuss androgen metabolism in the context of PCOS, and dissect the role played by androgens in the development of metabolic disease through their effects on metabolic target tissues in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punith Kempegowda
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eka Melson
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Konstantinos N. Manolopoulos
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Guo WL, Deng JC, Pan YY, Xu JX, Hong JL, Shi FF, Liu GL, Qian M, Bai WD, Zhang W, Liu B, Zhang YY, Luo PJ, Ni L, Rao PF, Lv XC. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides and their relationships with the modulation of intestinal microflora in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 153:1231-1240. [PMID: 31759027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of polysaccharides from Grifola frondosa (GFP) in diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Results showed that oral administration of GFP markedly reduced the serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance (OGT), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and significantly decreased the hepatic levels of TC, TG and free fatty acids (FFA). Meanwhile, high-dose of GFP supplementation (900 mg/kg day) also showed powerful effects on moderating the composition of intestinal microflora in diabetic mice, especially altering the functionally relevant intestinal microbial phylotypes. Spearman's correlation network analysis revealed that key microbial phylotypes responding to GFP intervention were strongly correlated with the glucose and lipid metabolic disorders associated parameters. Moreover, GFP treatment regulated mRNA expression levels of the genes responsible for hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. It is noteworthy that GFP treatment markedly increased mRNA expression of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and bile salt export pump (BSEP), suggesting an enhancement of bile acids (BAs) synthesis and excretion in liver. These findings demonstrated that GFP could prevent hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic mice by altering gut microbiota and regulating hepatic glycolipid metabolism related genes, and therefore could be used as potential functional food ingredients for the prevention or treatment of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jia-Cong Deng
- School of Ocean Science and Biochemistry Engineering, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing, Fujian 350300, China
| | - Yu-Yang Pan
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jia-Xin Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jia-Li Hong
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Fei-Fei Shi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Gong-Liang Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Min Qian
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wei-Dong Bai
- College of Light Industry and Food Science, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Bin Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Department of Flavor Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany
| | - Peng-Jie Luo
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
| | - Li Ni
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ping-Fan Rao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Xu-Cong Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Department of Flavor Chemistry, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart 70599, Germany.
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Rochette E, Bourdier P, Pereira B, Doré E, Birat A, Ratel S, Echaubard S, Duché P, Merlin E. TNF blockade contributes to restore lipid oxidation during exercise in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019; 17:47. [PMID: 31331342 PMCID: PMC6647146 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-019-0354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have impaired physical abilities. TNF-α plays a crucial role in this pathogenesis, but it is also involved in the use of lipids and muscle health. Objective of this study was to explore substrate oxidation and impact of TNF blockade on energy metabolism in children with JIA as compared to healthy children. METHODS Fifteen non-TNF-blockaded and 15 TNF-blockaded children with JIA and 15 healthy controls were matched by sex, age, and Tanner stage. Participants completed a submaximal incremental exercise test on ergocycle to determine fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates by indirect calorimetry. RESULTS The maximal fat oxidation rate during exercise was lower in JIA children untreated by TNF blockade (134.3 ± 45.2 mg.min- 1) when compared to the controls (225.3 ± 92.9 mg.min- 1, p = 0.007); but was higher in JIA children under TNF blockade (163.2 ± 59.0 mg.min- 1, p = 0.31) when compared to JIA children untreated by TNF blockade. At the same relative exercise intensities, there was no difference in carbohydrate oxidation rate between three groups. CONCLUSIONS Lipid metabolism during exercise was found to be impaired in children with JIA. However, TNF treatment seems to improve the fat oxidation rate in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION In ClinicalTrials.gov, reference number NCT02977416 , registered on 30 November 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Rochette
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pédiatrie, Hôpital Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques (AME2P), EA 3533 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Pédiatrie, CHU Estaing, 1, place Lucie et Raymond Aubrac, 63003 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Bourdier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques (AME2P), EA 3533 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Délégation de la Recherche Clinique et Innovations, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Eric Doré
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques (AME2P), EA 3533 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anthony Birat
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques (AME2P), EA 3533 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques (AME2P), EA 3533 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Echaubard
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pédiatrie, Hôpital Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques (AME2P), EA 3533 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université de Toulon, Laboratoire IAPS, F-83041 Toulon, France
| | - Etienne Merlin
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Pédiatrie, Hôpital Estaing, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Abdulwahab RA, Allaith AAA, Shinwari Z, Alaiya A, Giha HA. Association of TATA box-binding protein-associated factor RNA polymerase I subunit C (TAF1C) with T2DM. Gene 2019; 706:43-51. [PMID: 31039436 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Proteins differential expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can be due to etiological factors or pathological changes, such proteins can be utilized as biomarkers. Identification of a marker protein out of thousands became a feasible task during the proteomics era by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In this study, blood samples were obtained from 80 Bahraini subjects with and without T2DM, a subset was used for proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS, while all samples were used for ELISA analysis of 3 proteins, TATA-box binding protein-associated factor RNA polymerase-1-C (TAF1C), ceruloplasmin (CERP) and fibronectin (FN). The former 2 proteins were selected from the T2DM-protein-panel identified by LC-MS/MS, and the latter was analyzed for validation of the setting. The main findings of the proteomic analysis are i. Identifications of 62 differentially expressed proteins in T2DM, ii. Upregulation of 71% of the identified proteins. While the ELISA analysis showed that; both TAF1C and FN were significantly increased in T2DM (P0.015 and P0.001, respectively), while CERP was not (P0.088). Logistic regression analysis: i. confirmed the above associations after correction for covariates, ii. Revealed an interaction between age and gender that affect the association of the proteins with T2DM. In conclusion, knowing that TAF1C is a prerequisite in ribosomal biogenesis, our ELISA results are suggestive of increased protein synthesis in T2DM, explaining the observed upregulation of the proteins identified by LC-MSMS. The association between T2DM and TAF1C is a novel finding that might open a new avenue in DM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Asghar Abdulwahab
- Integrated Science Division, College of Health Sciences, University of Bahrain, Manama, Bahrain; Al Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine and Inherited Disorders, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain
| | | | - Zakia Shinwari
- Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell & Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayodele Alaiya
- Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell & Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder A Giha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences (CMMS), Arabian Gulf University (AGU), Manama, Bahrain.
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Protein Kinase C Attenuates Insulin Signalling Cascade in Insulin-Sensitive and Insulin-Resistant Neuro-2a Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:470-477. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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George G, Draycott SAV, Muir R, Clifford B, Elmes MJ, Langley-Evans SC. Exposure to maternal obesity during suckling outweighs in utero exposure in programming for post-weaning adiposity and insulin resistance in rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10134. [PMID: 31300679 PMCID: PMC6626015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to maternal obesity during early development programmes adverse metabolic health in rodent offspring. We assessed the relative contributions of obesity during pregnancy and suckling on metabolic health post-weaning. Wistar rat offspring exposed to control (C) or cafeteria diet (O) during pregnancy were cross-fostered to dams on the same (CC, OO) or alternate diet during suckling (CO, OC) and weaned onto standard chow. Measures of offspring metabolic health included growth, adipose tissue mass, and 12-week glucose and insulin concentrations during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipGTT). Exposure to maternal obesity during lactation was a driver for reduced offspring weight post-weaning, higher fasting blood glucose concentrations and greater gonadal adiposity (in females). Males displayed insulin resistance, through slower glucose clearance despite normal circulating insulin and lower mRNA expression of PIK3R1 and PIK3CB in gonadal fat and liver respectively. In contrast, maternal obesity during pregnancy up-regulated the insulin signalling genes IRS2, PIK3CB and SREBP1-c in skeletal muscle and perirenal fat, favouring insulin sensitivity. In conclusion exposure to maternal obesity during lactation programmes offspring adiposity and insulin resistance, overriding exposure to an optimal nutritional environment in utero, which cannot be alleviated by a nutritionally balanced post-weaning diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace George
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sally A V Draycott
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ronan Muir
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Bethan Clifford
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Matthew J Elmes
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Simon C Langley-Evans
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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Kim YH, Park UJ, Chung HS, Hong SH, Park CS, Choi JH, Choi HJ, Jung JY, Chae MS. Recovery of the Psoas Muscle Index in Living Donors after a Right Lobe Hepatectomy for Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:1853-1860. [PMID: 31256871 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of sarcopenia leads to adverse postoperative outcomes. However, no study has investigated perioperative loss in core muscle and the correlation between core muscle and residual liver volume in living donors for liver transplant. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 457 adult healthy donors who underwent a right lobe hepatectomy without the middle hepatic vein for elective liver transplant were retrospectively analyzed. Abdominal computed tomography was performed within 1 month before surgery and the first week and 3 months after the surgery. The average psoas muscle area between lumbar vertebrae 3 and 4 was measured and normalized by height squared (psoas muscle index [PMI] = psoas muscle area/height2). The initial whole liver volume and remnant left lobe volume were measured on computed tomography images. RESULTS The study cohort included 279 men (61.1%) and 178 women (38.9%). The median preoperative PMIs were 420.9 mm2/m2 (interquartile range, 360.6-487.0 mm2/m2) in men and 280.9 mm2/m2 (interquartile range, 243.5-318.7 mm2/m2) in women. The PMIs in men and women significantly decreased during the first week after surgery, and gradually recovered to preoperative levels during the first 3 months after surgery. Based on the ratio between the remnant left lobe and initial whole liver volume (≥30%), the increase in remnant left lobe volume was not correlated with the decrease in PMI on postoperative day 7. A postoperative U-shaped recovery in the core muscles was present in both male and female donors, independent of the remnant liver ratio. CONCLUSIONS Despite the requirements of partial liver regeneration and surgical wound repair, healthy donors did not suffer from sustained core muscle loss after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hye Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui Jin Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soo Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Joong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Jung
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Suk Chae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Rochette E, Bourdier P, Pereira B, Echaubard S, Borderon C, Caron N, Chausset A, Courteix D, Fel S, Kanold J, Paysal J, Ratel S, Rouel N, Sarret C, Terral D, Usclade A, Merlin E, Duché P. Impaired Muscular Fat Metabolism in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Inactive Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:528. [PMID: 31118902 PMCID: PMC6506786 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate muscular metabolic function in children with inactive juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: Fifteen children with inactive JIA and fifteen healthy controls were matched by sex, biological age, and Tanner stage. Participants completed a submaximal incremental exercise test to determine their fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates. Results: Between the two groups, heart rate values and carbohydrate oxidation rates were the same, regardless of the relative intensity of exercise. Lipid oxidation rates were lower in JIA patients, regardless of the percentage of VO2 peak (p < 0.05). Respiratory exchange ratios beyond 50% of VO2 peak were higher in patients with JIA (p < 0.05). Respective maximal fat oxidation rates (MFO) for controls and children with JIA were 218.7 ± 92.2 vs. 157.5 ± 65.9 mg ⋅ min-1 (p = 0.03) and 4.9 ± 1.9 vs. 3.4 ± 1.2 mg ⋅ min-1 ⋅ kg-1 (p = 0.04). There was no difference between the two groups in heart rate, percentage of VO2 peak, or power of exercise to achieve MFO. Controls reached their MFO at an exercise power significantly higher than did JIA subjects (42.8 ± 16.8 and 31.9 ± 9.8 W, p = 0.004). Conclusion: Children with JIA show metabolic disturbance during exercise, even when the disease is considered inactive. This disturbance is seen in a lower lipid oxidation rate during submaximal exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Rochette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en Conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Bourdier
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en Conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l'Innovation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Echaubard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Corinne Borderon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Caron
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aurélie Chausset
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Courteix
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en Conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Solenne Fel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Justyna Kanold
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Justine Paysal
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Ratel
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en Conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nadège Rouel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Catherine Sarret
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Daniel Terral
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alexandra Usclade
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Etienne Merlin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CIC 1405, Unité CRECHE, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,INRA, UMR 1019 UNH, ECREIN, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Duché
- Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques en Conditions Physiologiques et Physiopathologiques, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé, Université de Toulon, Toulon, France
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Sanvee GM, Bouitbir J, Krähenbühl S. Insulin prevents and reverts simvastatin-induced toxicity in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7409. [PMID: 31092879 PMCID: PMC6520350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin is an inhibitor of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase used for decreasing low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in patients. It is well-tolerated but can cause myopathy. Our aims were to enlarge our knowledge regarding mechanisms and effects of insulin on simvastatin-associated myotoxicity in C2C12 myotubes. Simvastatin (10 µM) reduced membrane integrity and ATP content in myotubes treated for 24 hours, which could be prevented and partially reversed concentration- and time-dependently by insulin. Furthermore, simvastatin impaired the phosphorylation of Akt (Protein Kinase B) mainly at Ser473 and less at Thr308, indicating impaired activity of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2). Impaired activation of Akt increased mRNA expression of the muscle atrophy F-Box (MAFbx), decreased activation of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) and stimulated apoptosis by impairing the Ser9 phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Decreased phosphorylation of Akt at both phosphorylation sites and of downstream substrates as well as apoptosis were prevented concentration-dependently by insulin. In addition, simvastatin caused accumulation of the insulin receptor β-chain in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and increased cleavage of procaspase-12, indicating ER stress. Insulin reduced the expression of the insulin receptor β-chain but increased procaspase-12 activation in the presence of simvastatin. In conclusion, simvastatin impaired activation of Akt Ser473 most likely as a consequence of reduced activity of mTORC2. Insulin could prevent the effects of simvastatin on the insulin signaling pathway and on apoptosis, but not on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerda M Sanvee
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jamal Bouitbir
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Krähenbühl
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. .,Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Basel, Switzerland.
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Carmichael RE, Wilkinson KA, Craig TJ. Insulin-dependent GLUT4 trafficking is not regulated by protein SUMOylation in L6 myocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6477. [PMID: 31019221 PMCID: PMC6482176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the fastest growing public health issues today, consuming 12% of worldwide health budgets and affecting an estimated 400 million people. One of the key pathological traits of this disease is insulin resistance at ‘glucose sink’ tissues (mostly skeletal muscle), and this remains one of the features of this disease most intractable to therapeutic intervention. Several lines of evidence have implicated the post-translational modification, SUMOylation, in insulin signalling and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. In this study, we examined this possibility by manipulation of cellular SUMOylation levels using multiple different tools, and assaying the effect on insulin-stimulated GLUT4 surface expression in differentiated L6 rat myocytes. Although insulin stimulation of L6 myocytes produced a robust decrease in total cellular SUMO1-ylation levels, manipulating cellular SUMOylation had no effect on insulin-responsive GLUT4 surface trafficking using any of the tools we employed. Whilst we cannot totally exclude the possibility that SUMOylation plays a role in the insulin signalling pathway in human health and disease, our data strongly argue that GLUT4 trafficking in response to insulin is not regulated by protein SUMOylation, and that SUMOylation does not therefore represent a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Carmichael
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A Wilkinson
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Tim J Craig
- Centre for Research in Biosciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay, BS16 1QY, UK.
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Mechanisms of insulin resistance by simvastatin in C2C12 myotubes and in mouse skeletal muscle. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:23-33. [PMID: 30796916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Statins inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and lower serum LDL-cholesterol levels. They are generally well tolerated, but can cause insulin resistance in patients. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the statin-induced insulin resistance. We used mice and C2C12 myotubes (murine cell line): mice (n = 10) were treated with oral simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) or water (control) for 21 days and C2C12 cells were exposed to 10 μM simvastatin for 24 h. After intraperitoneal glucose application (2 g/kg), simvastatin-treated mice had higher glucose but equal insulin plasma concentrations than controls and lower glucose transport into skeletal muscle. Similarly, glucose uptake by C2C12 myotubes exposed to 10 μM simvastatin for 24 h was impaired compared to control cells. In simvastatin-treated C2C12 myotubes, mRNA and protein expression of the insulin receptor (IR) β-chain was increased, but the phosphorylation (Tyr1361) was impaired. Simvastatin decreased numerically Akt/PKB Thr308 phosphorylation (via insulin signaling pathway) and significantly Akt/PKB Ser473 phosphorylation (via mTORC2), which was explained by impaired phosphorylation of mTOR Ser2448. Reduced phosphorylation of Akt/PKB impaired downstream phosphorylation of GSK3β, leading to impaired translocation of GLUT4 into plasma membranes of C2C12 myotubes. In contrast, reduced phosphorylation of AS160 could be excluded as a reason for impaired GLUT4 translocation. In conclusion, simvastatin caused insulin resistance in mice and impaired glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. The findings in myotubes can be explained by diminished activation of Akt/PKB by mTORC2 and downstream effects on GSK3β, impairing the translocation of GLUT4 and the uptake of glucose.
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Granados A, Gebremariam A, Gidding SS, Terry JG, Carr JJ, Steffen LM, Jacobs DR, Lee JM. Association of abdominal muscle composition with prediabetes and diabetes: The CARDIA study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:267-275. [PMID: 30159995 PMCID: PMC6329642 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the relationship of abdominal muscle lean tissue and adipose tissue volumes with prediabetes and diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured abdominal muscle composition in 3170 participants in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study who underwent computed tomography (CT) at Year 25 of follow-up (ages, 43-55 years). Multinomial regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of CT-measured intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), lean muscle tissue (lean) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volumes with diabetes at any point during the CARDIA study, newly detected prediabetes, prior history of prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance. Models were adjusted for potential confounding factors: age, sex, race, height, smoking status, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cardiorespiratory fitness and study centre. RESULTS Higher IMAT, lean and VAT volumes were all separately associated with a higher prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes. Inclusion of VAT volume in models with both IMAT volume and lean volume attenuated the association of IMAT with both prediabetes and diabetes, but higher lean volume retained its association with prediabetes and diabetes. Individuals in the highest IMAT quartile, coupled with VAT in its lower three quartiles, had a higher prevalence of diabetes, but not of prediabetes, than those with both IMAT and VAT in their respective lower three quartiles. Adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness did not substantially change the findings. CONCLUSION Higher IMAT volume was associated with a higher prevalence of diabetes even after adjustment for VAT volume. However, further study is warranted to understand the complicated relationship between abdominal muscle and adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Granados
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Endocrinology, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Achamyeleh Gebremariam
- Child Health Evaluation and Research Center (CHEAR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Samuel S Gidding
- Nemours Cardiac Center, A. I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joyce M Lee
- Child Health Evaluation and Research Center (CHEAR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Li P, Tang Y, Liu L, Wang D, Zhang L, Piao C. Therapeutic potential of buckwheat hull flavonoids in db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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44
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Shi M, O'Keefe L, Simcocks AC, Su XQ, McAinch AJ. The effect of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside and peptides extracted from yoghurt on glucose uptake and gene expression in human primary skeletal muscle myotubes from obese and obese diabetic participants. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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45
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p53 as a double-edged sword in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Life Sci 2018; 215:64-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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46
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Li L, Qi J, Li H. Natural Products Modulating Autophagy Pathway Against the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 20:96-110. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180726115805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved, regulated cellular process for the degradation of abnormal proteins
and disrupted organelles. Literature has described that dysregulation of autophagy is closely related
to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus in processes such as impaired pancreatic β cells function,
peripheral insulin resistance and diabetic complications. Emerging evidence indicates that natural
products may possess anti-diabetic activity via regulation of autophagy. In this review, we summarize
natural products targeting the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus through the regulation of autophagy
and underline possible mechanisms, providing potential drug candidates or therapies for the treatment
of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghuan Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiameng Qi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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47
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Li JP, Yuan Y, Zhang WY, Jiang Z, Hu TJ, Feng YT, Liu MX. Effect of Radix isatidis polysaccharide on alleviating insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus cells and rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:220-229. [PMID: 30298631 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper was to explore the effects of Radix isatidis polysaccharide (RIP) extracted from Radix isatis on alleviating insulin resistance. METHODS The insulin resistance models of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and type 2 diabetic rats were established to evaluate the insulin resistance activity of RIP. KEY FINDINGS Radix isatidis polysaccharide within the concentration range of 25-100 μg/ml could reduce cell supernatant glucose and TNF-α levels (P < 0.01) and increase the expression of PI-3K P85, Glut4, IRS-1 and Akt protein in symptoms of IR 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In the meantime, RIP contributed to relieve the weight loss of diabetic rats whose liver weight and liver index were decreased due to the effects of RIP. Experiments in rats also showed that RIP had capacity in reduced serum TC, TG, LDL-C, FFA, FBG, FINS, MDA, ALT, AST activities and increased serum HDL-C, SOD, ISI (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In addition, the oral glucose tolerance in rats was improved (P < 0.05) and liver damage was restored due to RIP. CONCLUSIONS Radix isatidis polysaccharide significantly alleviates insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and type 2 diabetic rats. These beneficial effects of RIP may associate with their roles in improving the glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy & Laboratory, Ya'an Vocational College, Ya'an, China
| | - Wen-You Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mo-Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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48
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Bae UJ, Jung ES, Jung SJ, Chae SW, Park BH. Mulberry leaf extract displays antidiabetic activity in db/db mice via Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1473. [PMID: 30150922 PMCID: PMC6109265 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Augmenting glucose utilization in skeletal muscle via the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3 kinase)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway or the adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway is necessary to regulate hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Objective We investigated the effect of mulberry leaf extract (MLE) on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells and explored its in vivo antidiabetic potential. Design Male db/db mice were treated with either MLE (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 250 mg/kg) or metformin (100 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. Results MLE treatment stimulated glucose uptake, driven by enhanced translocation of glucose transporter 4 to cell membranes in L6 myotubes. These effects of MLE were synergistic with those of insulin and were abolished in the presence of PI3K inhibitor or AMPK inhibitor. In db/db mice, supplementation with MLE decreased fasting blood glucose and insulin levels and enhanced insulin sensitivity, with increases of p-Akt and p-AMPK in skeletal muscle. Moreover, MLE improved blood lipid parameters and attenuated hepatic steatosis in diabetic db/db mice. Discussion These findings suggest that MLE exerts antidiabetic activity through stimulating glucose disposal in skeletal muscle cells via the PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathways. Conclusions MLE can potentially improve hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui-Jin Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Soo Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Among many endogenous mediators, the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis. In this article we discuss different functional roles of H2S in several metabolic organs/tissues required in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Recent Advances: New evidence has emerged revealing the insulin sensitizing role of H2S in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle biology. In addition, H2S was demonstrated to be a potent stimulator of gluconeogenesis via the induction and stimulation of various glucose-producing pathways in the liver. CRITICAL ISSUES Similar to its other physiological effects, H2S exhibits paradoxical characteristics in the regulation of glucose homeostasis: (1) H2S stimulates glucose production via activation of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in hepatocytes, yet inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes; (2) H2S stimulates glucose uptake into adipocytes and skeletal muscle but inhibits glucose uptake into hepatocytes; (3) H2S inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells, yet sensitizes insulin signaling and insulin-triggered response in adipose tissues and skeletal muscle. It is also unclear the impact H2S may have on glucose metabolism and utilization by other vital organs, such as the brain. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Recent reports and ongoing studies lay the foundation for a general, although highly incomplete, understanding of the effect of H2S on regulating glucose homeostasis. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms and physiological outcomes of the gasotransmitter H2S on organs and tissues required for homeostatic maintenance of blood glucose. Future directions highlighting the H2S-mediated homeostatic control of glucose metabolism under physiological and insulin-resistant conditions are also discussed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1463-1482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Untereiner
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston, Texas
| | - Lingyun Wu
- 2 Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research Unit and School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University , Sudbury, Canada .,3 Health Sciences North Research Institute , Sudbury, Canada
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50
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Press M, Jung T, König J, Grune T, Höhn A. Protein aggregates and proteostasis in aging: Amylin and β-cell function. Mech Ageing Dev 2018; 177:46-54. [PMID: 29580826 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasomal-system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal-system (ALS) are both highly susceptible for disturbances leading to the accumulation of cellular damage. A decline of protein degradation during aging results in the formation of oxidatively damaged and aggregated proteins finally resulting in failure of cellular functionality. Besides protein aggregation in response to oxidative damage, amyloids are a different type of protein aggregates able to distract proteostasis and interfere with cellular functionality. Amyloids are clearly linked to the pathogenesis of age-related degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Human amylin is one of the peptides forming fibrils in β-sheet conformation finally leading to amyloid formation. In contrast to rodent amylin, human amylin is prone to form amyloidogenic aggregates, proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes by impairing β-cell functionality. Since aggregates such as lipofuscin and β-amyloid are known to impair proteostasis, it is likely to assume similar effects for human amylin. In this review, we focus on the effects of IAPP on UPS and ALS and their role in amylin degradation, since both systems play a crucial role in maintaining proteome balance thereby influencing, at least in part, cellular fate and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Press
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Jung
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jeannette König
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10117 Berlin, Germany; NutriAct - Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutrition, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | - Annika Höhn
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.
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