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Cai K, Jiang H, Zou Y, Song C, Cao K, Chen S, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Geng D, Zhang N, Liu B, Sun G, Tang M, Li Z, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y. Programmed death of cardiomyocytes in cardiovascular disease and new therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107281. [PMID: 38942341 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have a complex pathogenesis and pose a major threat to human health. Cardiomyocytes have a low regenerative capacity, and their death is a key factor in the morbidity and mortality of many CVDs. Cardiomyocyte death can be regulated by specific signaling pathways known as programmed cell death (PCD), including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, etc. Abnormalities in PCD can lead to the development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, and there are also molecular-level interconnections between different PCD pathways under the same cardiovascular disease model. Currently, the link between programmed cell death in cardiomyocytes and cardiovascular disease is not fully understood. This review describes the molecular mechanisms of programmed death and the impact of cardiomyocyte death on cardiovascular disease development. Emphasis is placed on a summary of drugs and potential therapeutic approaches that can be used to treat cardiovascular disease by targeting and blocking programmed cell death in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyue Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China medical university, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- The first hospital of China Medical University, Department of cardiac surgery, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guozhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Man Tang
- Department of clinical pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, China medical university, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No.36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China medical university, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China; Institute of health sciences, China medical university, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Guo Z. The role of glucagon-like peptide-1/GLP-1R and autophagy in diabetic cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:754-779. [PMID: 38890260 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00609-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes leads to a significantly accelerated incidence of various related macrovascular complications, including peripheral vascular disease and cardiovascular disease (the most common cause of mortality in diabetes), as well as microvascular complications such as kidney disease and retinopathy. Endothelial dysfunction is the main pathogenic event of diabetes-related vascular disease at the earliest stage of vascular injury. Understanding the molecular processes involved in the development of diabetes and its debilitating vascular complications might bring up more effective and specific clinical therapies. Long-acting glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analogs are currently available in treating diabetes with widely established safety and extensively evaluated efficacy. In recent years, autophagy, as a critical lysosome-dependent self-degradative process to maintain homeostasis, has been shown to be involved in the vascular endothelium damage in diabetes. In this review, the GLP-1/GLP-1R system implicated in diabetic endothelial dysfunction and related autophagy mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications are briefly presented. This review also highlights a possible crosstalk between autophagy and the GLP-1/GLP-1R axis in the treatment of diabetic angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Guo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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Li J, Xie Y, Zheng S, He H, Wang Z, Li X, Jiao S, Liu D, Yang F, Zhao H, Li P, Sun Y. Targeting autophagy in diabetic cardiomyopathy: From molecular mechanisms to pharmacotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116790. [PMID: 38776677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac microvascular complication caused by metabolic disorders. It is characterized by myocardial remodeling and dysfunction. The pathogenesis of DCM is associated with abnormal cellular metabolism and organelle accumulation. Autophagy is thought to play a key role in the diabetic heart, and a growing body of research suggests that modulating autophagy may be a potential therapeutic strategy for DCM. Here, we have summarized the major signaling pathways involved in the regulation of autophagy in DCM, including Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), Forkhead box subfamily O proteins (FOXOs), Sirtuins (SIRTs), and PTEN-inducible kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin. Given the significant role of autophagy in DCM, we further identified natural products and chemical drugs as regulators of autophagy in the treatment of DCM. This review may help to better understand the autophagy mechanism of drugs for DCM and promote their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Xie
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuwen Zheng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haoming He
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexi Li
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Jiao
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yihong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Boshchenko AA, Maslov LN, Mukhomedzyanov AV, Zhuravleva OA, Slidnevskaya AS, Naryzhnaya NV, Zinovieva AS, Ilinykh PA. Peptides Are Cardioprotective Drugs of the Future: The Receptor and Signaling Mechanisms of the Cardioprotective Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4900. [PMID: 38732142 PMCID: PMC11084666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The high mortality rate among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the main problems of modern cardiology. It is quite obvious that there is an urgent need to create more effective drugs for the treatment of AMI than those currently used in the clinic. Such drugs could be enzyme-resistant peptide analogs of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists can prevent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) cardiac injury. In addition, chronic administration of GLP1R agonists can alleviate the development of adverse cardiac remodeling in myocardial infarction, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. GLP1R agonists can protect the heart against oxidative stress and reduce proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1) expression in the myocardium. GLP1R stimulation inhibits apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis of cardiomyocytes. The activation of the GLP1R augments autophagy and mitophagy in the myocardium. GLP1R agonists downregulate reactive species generation through the activation of Epac and the GLP1R/PI3K/Akt/survivin pathway. The GLP1R, kinases (PKCε, PKA, Akt, AMPK, PI3K, ERK1/2, mTOR, GSK-3β, PKG, MEK1/2, and MKK3), enzymes (HO-1 and eNOS), transcription factors (STAT3, CREB, Nrf2, and FoxO3), KATP channel opening, and MPT pore closing are involved in the cardioprotective effect of GLP1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla A. Boshchenko
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Leonid N. Maslov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Mukhomedzyanov
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga A. Zhuravleva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alisa S. Slidnevskaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Naryzhnaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Arina S. Zinovieva
- Department of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Coronary Heart Disease, Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634012 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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Liu X, Yan Q, Liu X, Wei W, Zou L, Zhao F, Zeng S, Yi L, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J, Fan S. PKM2 induces mitophagy through the AMPK-mTOR pathway promoting CSFV proliferation. J Virol 2024; 98:e0175123. [PMID: 38319105 PMCID: PMC10949426 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01751-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses exploit the host cell's energy metabolism system to support their replication. Mitochondria, known as the powerhouse of the cell, play a critical role in regulating cell survival and virus replication. Our prior research indicated that the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) alters mitochondrial dynamics and triggers glycolytic metabolic reprogramming. However, the role and mechanism of PKM2, a key regulatory enzyme of glycolytic metabolism, in CSFV replication remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that CSFV enhances PKM2 expression and utilizes PKM2 to inhibit pyruvate production. Using an affinity purification coupled mass spectrometry system, we successfully identified PKM as a novel interaction partner of the CSFV non-structural protein NS4A. Furthermore, we validated the interaction between PKM2 and both CSFV NS4A and NS5A through co-immunoprecipitation and confocal analysis. PKM2 was found to promote the expression of both NS4A and NS5A. Moreover, we observed that PKM2 induces mitophagy by activating the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, thereby facilitating CSFV proliferation. In summary, our data reveal a novel mechanism whereby PKM2, a metabolic enzyme, promotes CSFV proliferation by inducing mitophagy. These findings offer a new avenue for developing antiviral strategies. IMPORTANCE Viruses rely on the host cell's material-energy metabolic system for replication, inducing host metabolic disorders and subsequent immunosuppression-a major contributor to persistent viral infections. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is no exception. Classical swine fever is a severe acute infectious disease caused by CSFV, resulting in significant economic losses to the global pig industry. While the role of the metabolic enzyme PKM2 (pyruvate dehydrogenase) in the glycolytic pathway of tumor cells has been extensively studied, its involvement in viral infection remains relatively unknown. Our data unveil a new mechanism by which the metabolic enzyme PKM2 mediates CSFV infection, offering novel avenues for the development of antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Quanhui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Xueyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Wenkang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linke Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Feifan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Sen Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang Dong, China
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Verma S, Mudaliar S, Greasley PJ. Potential Underlying Mechanisms Explaining the Cardiorenal Benefits of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors. Adv Ther 2024; 41:92-112. [PMID: 37943443 PMCID: PMC10796581 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02652-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a bidirectional pathophysiological interaction between the heart and the kidneys, and prolonged physiological stress to the heart and/or the kidneys can cause adverse cardiorenal complications, including but not limited to subclinical cardiomyopathy, heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Whilst more common in individuals with Type 2 diabetes, cardiorenal complications also occur in the absence of diabetes. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) were initially approved to reduce hyperglycaemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Recently, these agents have been shown to significantly improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with and without Type 2 diabetes, demonstrating a robust reduction in hospitalisation for heart failure and reduced risk of progression of chronic kidney disease, thus gaining approval for use in treatment of heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Numerous potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the cardiorenal effects of SGLT2i. This review provides a simplified summary of key potential cardiac and renal mechanisms underlying the cardiorenal benefits of SGT2i and explains these mechanisms in the clinical context. Key mechanisms related to the clinical effects of SGLT2i on the heart and kidneys explained in this publication include their impact on (1) tissue oxygen delivery, hypoxia and resultant ischaemic injury, (2) vascular health and function, (3) substrate utilisation and metabolic health and (4) cardiac remodelling. Knowing the mechanisms responsible for SGLT2i-imparted cardiorenal benefits in the clinical outcomes will help healthcare practitioners to identify more patients that can benefit from the use of SGLT2i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subodh Verma
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sunder Mudaliar
- Endocrinology/Diabetes Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Greasley
- Early Discovery and Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Santos RD, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Glp-1 Mimetics and Autophagy in Diabetic Milieu: State-of-the-Art. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e250124226181. [PMID: 38299271 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998276570231222105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The diabetic milieu is associated with cascades of pathophysiological pathways that culminate in diabetic complications and tissue injuries. Autophagy is an essential process mandatory for cell survival and tissue homeostasis by degrading damaged organelles and removing injured cells. However, it may turn into a pathological process in an aberrant mode in the diabetic and/or malignant milieu. Moreover, autophagy could serve as a promising therapeutic target for many complications related to tissue injury. Glp-1 mimetics are a class of newer antidiabetic agents that reduce blood glucose through several pathways. However, some evidence suggests that they can provide extra glycemic benefits by modulating autophagy, although there is no complete understanding of this mechanism and its underlying molecular pathways. Hence, in the current review, we aimed to provide new insights on the possible impact of Glp-1 mimetics on autophagy and consequent benefits as well as mediating pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicolgy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Medical Toxicolgy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Zhou Y, Suo W, Zhang X, Liang J, Zhao W, Wang Y, Li H, Ni Q. Targeting mitochondrial quality control for diabetic cardiomyopathy: Therapeutic potential of hypoglycemic drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115669. [PMID: 37820568 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a chronic cardiovascular complication caused by diabetes that is characterized by changes in myocardial structure and function, ultimately leading to heart failure and even death. Mitochondria serve as the provider of energy to cardiomyocytes, and mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In response to a series of pathological changes caused by mitochondrial dysfunction, the mitochondrial quality control system is activated. The mitochondrial quality control system (including mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission, and mitophagy) is core to maintaining the normal structure of mitochondria and performing their normal physiological functions. However, mitochondrial quality control is abnormal in diabetic cardiomyopathy, resulting in insufficient mitochondrial fusion and excessive fission within the cardiomyocyte, and fragmented mitochondria are not phagocytosed in a timely manner, accumulating within the cardiomyocyte resulting in cardiomyocyte injury. Currently, there is no specific therapy or prevention for diabetic cardiomyopathy, and glycemic control remains the mainstay. In this review, we first elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore the link between pathological mitochondrial quality control and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Then, we summarize how clinically used hypoglycemic agents (including sodium-glucose cotransport protein 2 inhibitions, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, metformin, and α-glucosidase inhibitors) exert cardioprotective effects to treat and prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy by targeting the mitochondrial quality control system. In addition, the mechanisms of complementary alternative therapies, such as active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, exercise, and lifestyle, targeting mitochondrial quality control for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy are also added, which lays the foundation for the excavation of new diabetic cardioprotective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhou
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wendong Suo
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinai Zhang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiaojiao Liang
- Zhengzhou Shuqing Medical College, Zhengzhou 450064, China
| | - Weizhe Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100105, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hong Li
- LongHua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Qing Ni
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100053, China.
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Feng B, Yu P, Yu H, Qian B, Li Y, Sun K, Shi B, Zhang N, Xu G. Therapeutic effects on the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:141. [PMID: 37386620 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common disease with high morbidity and lacks effective treatment. We investigated the protective effects of the long-term application of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) dapagliflozin on diabetes-associated HFpEF in a rat model. Serum proteomics and metabolomics analysis were also conducted in type 2 diabetic patients with HFpEF treated with dapagliflozin. METHODS Male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were used as a model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. From weeks 16 to 28, animals were given a vehicle or dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg) once daily. Primary blood biochemistry indices, echocardiography, histopathology, and cardiac hemodynamics were determined during the study period. The key markers of myocardial fibrosis, nitro-oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and AMPK/mTOR signaling were examined. Additionally, healthy controls and individuals with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and 16 serum samples from 4 groups were randomly selected. Serum proteome and metabolome changes after dapagliflozin treatment were analyzed in diabetic individuals with HFpEF. RESULTS Dapagliflozin effectively prevented the development of HFpEF in rats with diabetes by mitigating nitro-oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, myocardial hypertrophy, and fibrosis, reducing apoptosis, and restoring autophagy through AMPK activating and mTOR pathway repressing. Proteomics and metabolomics revealed that cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein particle metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and cAMP and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling are the major disturbed pathways in HFpEF patients treated with dapagliflozin. CONCLUSION Long-term treatment with dapagliflozin significantly prevented the development of HFpEF in diabetic rats. Dapagliflozin could be a promising therapeutic strategy in managing HFpEF individuals with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiran Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Buyun Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bimin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guidong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Chen J, Zhu G, Xiao W, Huang X, Wang K, Zong Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 Ameliorates Pancreatic Injuries via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway in vivo and in vitro. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:779-794. [PMID: 36945297 PMCID: PMC10024876 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s401642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main propanaxatriol-type saponin found in ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey), ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1), has bioactivities that include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of G-Rg1 on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice and the insulin-secreting cell line in RIN-m5F cells with high-glucose (HG) treatment. METHODS The STZ-induced DM mice model was treated with G-Rg1 alone or combined with 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor)/rapamycin (RAPA, an autophagy activator) for 8 weeks, and levels of glucose and lipid metabolism, histopathological changes, as well as autophagy and apoptosis of relevant markers were estimated. In vitro, the HG-induced RIN-m5F cells were treated with G-Rg1, 3-MA, and Compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor, or their combinations to estimate the influences on cell apoptosis, autophagy, and AMPK/mTOR pathway-associated target gene levels. RESULTS G-Rg1 treatment attenuated glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and pancreatic fibrosis in diabetic mice. In addition, subdued autophagy and p-AMPK protein expression, and enhanced p-mTOR protein expression and apoptosis levels in TIDM mice and HG-induced RIN-m5F cells were ameliorated by G-Rg1 treatment. Furthermore, these anti-apoptosis effects of G-Rg1 were partially abolished by 3-MA and CC. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that G-Rg1 exhibits strong anti-apoptosis ability in pancreatic tissues of type 1 diabetic mice and HG-induced RIN-m5F cells, and the mechanisms involved in activating AMPK and inhibiting mTOR-mediated autophagy, indicating that G-Rg1 may have the therapeutic and preventive potential for treating pancreatic injury in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kewu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Kewu Wang; Yi Zong, Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. N1, Shangcheng Avenue, Yiwu, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email ;
| | - Yi Zong
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Wang H, Wang L, Hu F, Wang P, Xie Y, Li F, Guo B. Neuregulin-4 attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:205. [PMID: 36221104 PMCID: PMC9554973 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by left ventricle dysfunction, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis and is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Autophagy is a mechanism that is essential for maintaining normal heart morphology and function, and its dysregulation can produce pathological effects on diabetic hearts. Neuregulin-4 (Nrg4) is an adipokine that exerts protective effects against metabolic disorders and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to explore whether Nrg4 could ameliorate DM-induced myocardial injury by regulating autophagy. Methods Four weeks after the establishment of a model of type 1 diabetes in mice, the mice received Nrg4 treatment (with or without an autophagy inhibitor) for another 4 weeks. The cardiac functions, histological structures and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were investigated. Autophagy-related protein levels along with related signalling pathways that regulate autophagy were evaluated. In addition, the effects of Nrg4 on autophagy were also determined in cultured primary cardiomyocytes. Results Nrg4 alleviated myocardial injury both in vivo and in vitro. The autophagy level was decreased in type 1 diabetic mice, and Nrg4 intervention reactivated autophagy. Furthermore, Nrg4 intervention was found to activate autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Moreover, when autophagy was suppressed or the AMPK/mTOR pathway was inhibited, the beneficial effects of Nrg4 were diminished. Conclusion Nrg4 intervention attenuated diabetic cardiomyopathy by promoting autophagy in type 1 diabetic mice. Additionally, Nrg4 induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01643-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Fuli Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shijiazhuang Great Wall Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yanan Xie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Bingyan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Heping West Road No. 215, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China. .,Hebei Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China.
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12
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Parmar UM, Jalgaonkar MP, Kulkarni YA, Oza MJ. Autophagy-nutrient sensing pathways in diabetic complications. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106408. [PMID: 35988870 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes has been increasing in recent decades which is affecting the population of both, developed and developing countries. Diabetes is associated with micro and macrovascular complications which predominantly result from hyperglycemia and disrupted metabolic pathways. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, formation of misfolded and abnormal proteins, and disruption of normal cellular functioning. The inability to maintain metabolic homeostasis under excessive energy and nutrient input, which induces insulin resistance, is a crucial feature during the transition from obesity to diabetes. According to various study reports, redox alterations, intracellular stress and chronic inflammation responses have all been linked to dysregulated energy metabolism and insulin resistance. Autophagy has been considered a cleansing mechanism to prevent these anomalies and restore cellular homeostasis. However, disrupted autophagy has been linked to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Recent studies have reported that the regulation of autophagy has a beneficial role against these conditions. When there is plenty of food, nutrient-sensing pathways activate anabolism and storage, but the shortage of food activates homeostatic mechanisms like autophagy, which mobilises internal stockpiles. These nutrient-sensing pathways are well conserved in eukaryotes and are involved in the regulation of autophagy which includes SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK. The current review focuses on the role of SIRT1, mTOR and AMPK in regulating autophagy and suggests autophagy along with these nutrient-sensing pathways as potential therapeutic targets in reducing the progression of various diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi M Parmar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manjiri P Jalgaonkar
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India.
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13
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Winquist RJ, Gribkoff VK. Cardiovascular effects of GLP-1 receptor agonism. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:213-254. [PMID: 35659373 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are extensively used in type 2 diabetic patients for the effective control of hyperglycemia. It is now clear from outcomes trials that this class of drugs offers important additional benefits to these patients due to reducing the risk of developing major adverse cardiac events (MACE). This risk reduction is, in part, due to effective glycemic control in patients; however, the various outcomes trials, further validated by subsequent meta-analysis of the outcomes trials, suggest that the risk reduction in MACE is also dependent on glycemic-independent mechanisms operant in cardiovascular tissues. These glycemic-independent mechanisms are likely mediated by GLP-1 receptors found throughout the cardiovascular system and by the complex signaling cascades triggered by the binding of agonists to the G-protein coupled receptors. This heterogeneity of signaling pathways underlying different downstream effects of GLP-1 agonists, and the discovery of biased agonists favoring specific signaling pathways, may have import in the future treatment of MACE in these patients. We review the evidence supporting the glycemic-independent evidence for risk reduction of MACE by the GLP-1 receptor agonists and highlight the putative mechanisms underlying these benefits. We also comment on the different signaling pathways which appear important for mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentin K Gribkoff
- Section on Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; TheraStat LLC, Weston, MA, United States
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14
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Wang YM, Mi SL, Jin H, Guo QL, Yu ZY, Wang JT, Zhang XM, Zhang Q, Wang NN, Huang YY, Zhou HG, Guo JC. 9-PAHSA Improves Cardiovascular Complications by Promoting Autophagic Flux and Reducing Myocardial Hypertrophy in Db/Db Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:754387. [PMID: 34867366 PMCID: PMC8634679 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a common and severe complication of diabetes. There is a large need to identify the effective and safety strategies on diabetic cardiovascular disease (DCVD). 9-PAHSA is a novel endogenous fatty acid, and has been reported to reduce blood glucose levels and attenuate inflammation. We aim to evaluate the effects of 9-PAHSA on DCVD and investigate the possible mechanisms underlying it. Firstly, serum 9-PAHSA levels in human were detected by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. Then 9-PAHSA was synthesized and purified. The synthesized 9-PAHSA was gavaged to db/db mice with 50 mg/kg for 4 weeks. The carotid arterial plaque and cardiac structure was assessed by ultrasound. Cardiac autophagy was tested by western blot analysis, electron microscope and iTRAQ. The results showed that 9-PAHSA, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), was significantly lower than that in non-diabetic subjects. Administration of 9-PAHSA for 2 weeks reduced blood glucose levels. Ultrasound observed that continue administration of 9-PAHSA for 4 weeks ameliorated carotid vascular calcification, and attenuated myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction in db/db mice. Electron microscopy showed continue 9-PAHSA treatment significantly increased autolysosomes, while dramatically decreased greases in the myocardial cells of the db/db mice. Moreover, iTRAQ analysis exhibited that continue 9-PAHSA treatment upregulated BAG3 and HSPB8. Furthermore, western blot analysis confirmed that 9-PAHSA down-regulated Akt/mTOR and activated PI3KIII/BECN1 complex in diabetic myocardium. Thus, 9-PAHSA benefits DCVD in diabetic mice by ameliorating carotid vascular calcification, promoting autophagic flux and reducing myocardial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shou-Ling Mi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Lin Guo
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai & State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yu
- Department of Geriatrics of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Tao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai & State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na-Na Wang
- Department of Geriatrics of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Yan Huang
- Department of Geriatrics of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hou-Guang Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics of Huashan Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Chun Guo
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai & State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Zheng H, Zhu H, Liu X, Huang X, Huang A, Huang Y. Mitophagy in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Roles and Mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:750382. [PMID: 34646830 PMCID: PMC8503602 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.750382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of mortality in diabetic patients. Multiple pathophysiologic mechanisms, including myocardial insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation, are involved in the development of DCM. Recent studies have shown that mitochondrial dysfunction makes a substantial contribution to the development of DCM. Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that takes place in dysfunctional mitochondria, and it plays a key role in mitochondrial quality control. Although the precise molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in DCM have yet to be fully clarified, recent findings imply that mitophagy improves cardiac function in the diabetic heart. However, excessive mitophagy may exacerbate myocardial damage in patients with DCM. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of mitochondrial quality control and the dual roles of mitophagy in DCM. We also propose that a balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy is essential for the maintenance of cellular metabolism in the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Hailan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Anqing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China
| | - Yuli Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Guangzhou, China.,The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Winiarska A, Knysak M, Nabrdalik K, Gumprecht J, Stompór T. Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Kidney Disease: The Targets for SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10822. [PMID: 34639160 PMCID: PMC8509708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasing worldwide, and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains one of the leading long-term complications of T2D. Several lines of evidence indicate that glucose-lowering agents prevent the onset and progression of DKD in its early stages but are of limited efficacy in later stages of DKD. However, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists were shown to exert nephroprotective effects in patients with established DKD, i.e., those who had a reduced glomerular filtration rate. These effects cannot be solely attributed to the improved metabolic control of diabetes. In our review, we attempted to discuss the interactions of both groups of agents with inflammation and oxidative stress—the key pathways contributing to organ damage in the course of diabetes. SGLT2i and GLP-1R agonists attenuate inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental in vitro and in vivo models of DKD in several ways. In addition, we have described experiments showing the same protective mechanisms as found in DKD in non-diabetic kidney injury models as well as in some tissues and organs other than the kidney. The interaction between both drug groups, inflammation and oxidative stress appears to have a universal mechanism of organ protection in diabetes and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Winiarska
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Monika Knysak
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Nabrdalik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.N.); (J.G.)
| | - Janusz Gumprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (K.N.); (J.G.)
| | - Tomasz Stompór
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland; (A.W.); (M.K.)
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17
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Tuleta I, Frangogiannis NG. Fibrosis of the diabetic heart: Clinical significance, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113904. [PMID: 34331987 PMCID: PMC8444077 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In patients with diabetes, myocardial fibrosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure and arrhythmogenesis, increasing ventricular stiffness and delaying conduction. Diabetic myocardial fibrosis involves effects of hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity and insulin resistance on cardiac fibroblasts, directly resulting in increased matrix secretion, and activation of paracrine signaling in cardiomyocytes, immune and vascular cells, that release fibroblast-activating mediators. Neurohumoral pathways, cytokines, growth factors, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), and matricellular proteins have been implicated in diabetic fibrosis; however, the molecular links between the metabolic perturbations and activation of a fibrogenic program remain poorly understood. Although existing therapies using glucose- and lipid-lowering agents and neurohumoral inhibition may act in part by attenuating myocardial collagen deposition, specific therapies targeting the fibrotic response are lacking. This review manuscript discusses the clinical significance, molecular mechanisms and cell biology of diabetic cardiac fibrosis and proposes therapeutic targets that may attenuate the fibrotic response, preventing heart failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Tuleta
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA.
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18
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Dewanjee S, Vallamkondu J, Kalra RS, John A, Reddy PH, Kandimalla R. Autophagy in the diabetic heart: A potential pharmacotherapeutic target in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 68:101338. [PMID: 33838320 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Association of diabetes with an elevated risk of cardiac failure has been clinically evident. Diabetes potentiates diastolic and systolic cardiac failure following the myocardial infarction that produces the cardiac muscle-specific microvascular complication, clinically termed as diabetic cardiomyopathy. Elevated susceptibility of diabetic cardiomyopathy is primarily caused by the generation of free radicals in the hyperglycemic milieu, compromising the myocardial contractility and normal cardiac functions with increasing redox insult, impaired mitochondria, damaged organelles, apoptosis, and cardiomyocytes fibrosis. Autophagy is essentially involved in the recycling/clearing the damaged organelles, cytoplasmic contents, and aggregates, which are frequently produced in cardiomyocytes. Although autophagy plays a vital role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis in diligent cardiac tissues, this process is frequently impaired in the diabetic heart. Given its clinical significance, accumulating evidence largely showed the functional aspects of autophagy in diabetic cardiomyopathy, elucidating its intricate protective and pathogenic outcomes. However, etiology and molecular readouts of these contrary autophagy activities in diabetic cardiomyopathy are not yet comprehensively assessed and translated. In this review, we attempted to assess the role of autophagy and its adaptations in the diabetic heart. To delineate the molecular consequences of these events, we provided detailed insights into the autophagy regulation pieces of machinery including the mTOR/AMPK, TFEB/ZNSCAN3, FOXOs, SIRTs, PINK1/Parkin, Nrf2, miRNAs, and others in the diabetic cardiomyopathy. Given the clinical significance of autophagy in the diabetic heart, we further discussed the potential pharmacotherapeutic strategies towards targeting autophagy. Taken together, the present report meticulously assessed autophagy, its adaptations, and molecular regulations in diabetic cardiomyopathy and reviewed the current autophagy-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | | | - Rajkumar Singh Kalra
- AIST-INDIA DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, 305 8565, Japan.
| | - Albin John
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA; Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, 506007, Telangana, India; Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 50000, Telangana, India.
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19
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Ma X, Liu Z, Ilyas I, Little PJ, Kamato D, Sahebka A, Chen Z, Luo S, Zheng X, Weng J, Xu S. GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs): cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:2050-2068. [PMID: 34131405 PMCID: PMC8193264 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. Some anti-diabetic medications are linked with an increased risk of weight gain or hypoglycemia which may reduce the efficacy of the intended anti-hyperglycemic effects of these therapies. The recently developed receptor agonists for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1RAs), stimulate insulin secretion and reduce glycated hemoglobin levels without having side effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. In addition, GLP1-RAs demonstrate numerous cardiovascular protective effects in subjects with or without diabetes. There have been several cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs) involving GLP-1RAs, which have supported the overall cardiovascular benefits of these drugs. GLP1-RAs lower plasma lipid levels and lower blood pressure (BP), both of which contribute to a reduction of atherosclerosis and reduced CVD. GLP-1R is expressed in multiple cardiovascular cell types such as monocyte/macrophages, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and cardiomyocytes. Recent studies have indicated that the protective properties against endothelial dysfunction, anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages and the anti-proliferative action on smooth muscle cells may contribute to atheroprotection through GLP-1R signaling. In the present review, we describe the cardiovascular effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of action of GLP-1RAs in CVOTs, animal models and cultured cells, and address how these findings have transformed our understanding of the pharmacotherapy of T2DM and the prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Ma
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Zhenghong Liu
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Iqra Ilyas
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Peter J Little
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia.,School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, the University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Amirhossein Sahebka
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zhengfang Chen
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sihui Luo
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Xueying Zheng
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China
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PXDN reduces autophagic flux in insulin-resistant cardiomyocytes via modulating FoxO1. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:418. [PMID: 33903591 PMCID: PMC8076187 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, a well-observed intracellular lysosomal degradation process, is particularly important to the cell viability in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Peroxidasin (PXDN) is a heme-containing peroxidase that augments oxidative stress and plays an essential role in cardiovascular diseases, while whether PXDN contributes to the pathogenesis of DCM remains unknown. Here we reported the suppression of cell viability and autophagic flux, as shown by autophagosomes accumulation and increased expression level of LC3-II and p62 in cultured H9C2 and human AC16 cells that treated with 400 μM palmitate acid (PA) for 24 h. Simultaneously, PXDN protein level increased. Moreover, cell death, autophagosomes accumulation as well as increased p62 expression were suppressed by PXDN silence. In addition, knockdown of PXDN reversed PA-induced downregulated forkhead box-1 (FoxO1) and reduced FoxO1 phosphorylation, whereas did not affect AKT phosphorylation. Not consistent with the effects of si-PXDN, double-silence of PXDN and FoxO1 significantly increased cell death, suppressed autophagic flux and declined the level of FoxO1 and PXDN, while the expression of LC3-II was unchanged under PA stimulation. Furthermore, inhibition of FoxO1 in PA-untreated cells induced cell death, inhibited autophagic flux, and inhibited FoxO1 and PXDN expression. Thus, we come to conclusion that PXDN plays a key role in PA-induced cell death by impairing autophagic flux through inhibiting FoxO1, and FoxO1 may also affect the expression of PXDN. These findings may develop better understanding of potential mechanisms regarding autophagy in insulin-resistant cardiomyocytes.
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Liraglutide, a TFEB-Mediated Autophagy Agonist, Promotes the Viability of Random-Pattern Skin Flaps. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6610603. [PMID: 33868571 PMCID: PMC8032515 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6610603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Random skin flaps are commonly used in reconstruction surgery. However, distal necrosis of the skin flap remains a difficult problem in plastic surgery. Many studies have shown that activation of autophagy is an important means of maintaining cell homeostasis and can improve the survival rate of flaps. In the current study, we investigated whether liraglutide can promote the survival of random flaps by stimulating autophagy. Our results show that liraglutide can significantly improve flap viability, increase blood flow, and reduce tissue oedema. In addition, we demonstrated that liraglutide can stimulate angiogenesis and reduce pyroptosis and oxidative stress. Through immunohistochemistry analysis and Western blotting, we verified that liraglutide can enhance autophagy, while the 3-methylladenine- (3MA-) mediated inhibition of autophagy enhancement can significantly reduce the benefits of liraglutide described above. Mechanistically, we showed that the ability of liraglutide to enhance autophagy is mediated by the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and its subsequent entry into the nucleus to activate autophagy genes, a phenomenon that may result from AMPK-MCOLN1-calcineurin signalling pathway activation. Taken together, our results show that liraglutide is an effective drug that can significantly improve the survival rate of random flaps by enhancing autophagy, inhibiting oxidative stress in tissues, reducing pyroptosis, and promoting angiogenesis, which may be due to the activation of TFEB via the AMPK-MCOLN1-calcineurin signalling pathway.
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22
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The SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin negatively regulates IL-17/IL-23 axis-mediated inflammatory responses in T2DM with NAFLD via the AMPK/mTOR/autophagy pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 94:107492. [PMID: 33647823 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Empagliflozin is a SGLT2 inhibitor that reduces the concentration of blood glucose by inhibiting glucose reabsorption and promoting glucose excretion. Interestingly, empagliflozin also has some additional benefits, including cardiovascular protection, decreasing uric acid levels and improving NAFLD-related liver injury. However, the specific mechanism by which empagliflozin ameliorates NAFLD-related liver injury, especially how empagliflozin regulates hepatic immune inflammatory responses, is still unknown. In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet and injected with streptozotocin to establish an animal model of T2DM with NAFLD. Then, diabetic mice with NAFLD were administered empagliflozin by gavage. We found that empagliflozin ameliorated liver injury and lipid metabolism disorder in T2DM mice with NAFLD. Empagliflozin significantly enhanced autophagy in hepatic macrophages via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. After blocking autophagy and AMPK activity, empagliflozin could not prevent NAFLD-related liver injury. Furthermore, the expression levels of IL-17/IL-23 axis-related molecules were inhibited by empagliflozin through enhancing macrophage autophagy. Inhibition of IL-17/IL-23 axis activity attenuated liver injury in T2DM mice with NAFLD. In summary, these results suggested that empagliflozin could significantly ameliorate NAFLD-related liver injury, through enhancing hepatic macrophage autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway and further inhibiting IL-17/IL-23 axis-mediated inflammatory responses. This study provides a theoretical basis for the rational application of empagliflozin to treat T2DM with NAFLD and improve the quality of life of T2DM patients with NAFLD, which will have social benefits.
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Haye A, Ansari MA, Rahman SO, Shamsi Y, Ahmed D, Sharma M. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase on cardio-metabolic abnormalities in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy: A molecular landscape. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173376. [PMID: 32810493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a descriptive pathology that in absence of co-morbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia initially characterized by cardiac stiffness, myocardial fibrosis, ventricular hypertrophy, and remodeling. These abnormalities further contribute to diastolic dysfunctions followed by systolic dysfunctions and eventually results in clinical heart failure (HF). The clinical outcomes associated with HF are considerably worse in patients with diabetes. The complexity of the pathogenesis and clinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy raises serious questions in developing a therapeutic strategy to manage cardio-metabolic abnormalities. Despite extensive research in the past decade the compelling approaches to manage and treat diabetic cardiomyopathy are limited. AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK), a serine-threonine kinase, often referred to as cellular "metabolic master switch". During the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy, a plethora of evidence demonstrate the beneficial role of AMPK on cardio-metabolic abnormalities including altered substrate utilization, impaired cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation, increased accumulation of advanced glycation end-products, impaired cardiac calcium handling, maladaptive activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endoplasmic reticulum stress, myocardial fibrosis, ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac apoptosis, and impaired autophagy. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the findings from pre-clinical and clinical studies and provided a collective overview of the pathophysiological mechanism and the regulatory role of AMPK on cardio-metabolic abnormalities during the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Haye
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Asif Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Syed Obaidur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Yasmeen Shamsi
- Department of Moalejat, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Danish Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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24
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Yuan P, Ma D, Gao X, Wang J, Li R, Liu Z, Wang T, Wang S, Liu J, Liu X. Liraglutide Ameliorates Erectile Dysfunction via Regulating Oxidative Stress, the RhoA/ROCK Pathway and Autophagy in Diabetes Mellitus. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1257. [PMID: 32903510 PMCID: PMC7435068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) occurs more frequently and causes a worse response to the first-line therapies in diabetics compared with nondiabetic men. Corpus cavernosum vascular dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the occurrence of diabetes mellitus ED (DMED). The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog liraglutide on ED and explore the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Methods Type 1 diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin, and the apomorphine test was for screening the DMED model in diabetic rats. Then they were randomly treated with subcutaneous injections of liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg/12 h) for 4 weeks. Erectile function was assessed by cavernous nerve electrostimulation. The corpus cavernosum was used for further study. In vitro, effects of liraglutide were evaluated by primary corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) exposed to low or high glucose (HG)-containing medium with or without liraglutide and GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) inhibitor. Western blotting, fluorescent probe, immunohistochemistry, and relevant assay kits were performed to measure the levels of target proteins. Results Administration of liraglutide did not significantly affect plasma glucose and body weights in diabetic rats, but improved erectile function, reduced levels of NADPH oxidases and ROS production, downregulated expression of Ras homolog gene family (RhoA) and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) 2 in the DMED group dramatically. The liraglutide treatment promoted autophagy further and restored expression of GLP-1R in the DMED group. Besides, cultured CCSMCs with liraglutide exhibited a lower level of oxidative stress accompanied by inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK pathway and a higher level of autophagy compared with HG treatment. These beneficial effects of liraglutide effectively reversed by GLP-1R inhibitor. Conclusion Liraglutide exerts protective effects on ED associated with the regulation of smooth muscle dysfunction, oxidative stress and autophagy, independently of a glucose- lowering effect. It provides new insight into the extrapancreatic actions of liraglutide and preclinical evidence for a potential treatment for DMED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Yuan
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Delin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xintao Gao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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25
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Packer M. Role of Deranged Energy Deprivation Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Cardiac and Renal Disease in States of Perceived Nutrient Overabundance. Circulation 2020; 141:2095-2105. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.045561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of serious heart failure and adverse renal events, but the mechanisms that underlie this benefit are not understood. Treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors is distinguished by 2 intriguing features: ketogenesis and erythrocytosis. Both reflect the induction of a fasting-like and hypoxia-like transcriptional paradigm that is capable of restoring and maintaining cellular homeostasis and survival. In the face of perceived nutrient and oxygen deprivation, cells activate low-energy sensors, which include sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs; especially HIF-2α); these enzymes and transcription factors are master regulators of hundreds of genes and proteins that maintain cellular homeostasis. The activation of SIRT1 (through its effects to promote gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation) drives ketogenesis, and working in concert with AMPK, it can directly inhibit inflammasome activation and maintain mitochondrial capacity and stability. HIFs act to promote oxygen delivery (by stimulating erythropoietin and erythrocytosis) and decrease oxygen consumption. The activation of SIRT1, AMPK, and HIF-2α enhances autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradative pathway that removes dangerous constituents, particularly damaged mitochondria and peroxisomes, which are major sources of oxidative stress and triggers of cellular dysfunction and death. SIRT1 and AMPK also act on sodium transport mechanisms to reduce intracellular sodium concentrations. It is interesting that type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic heart failure, and chronic kidney failure are characterized by the accumulation of intracellular glucose and lipid intermediates that are perceived by cells as indicators of energy overabundance. The cells respond by downregulating SIRT1, AMPK, and HIF-2α, thus leading to an impairment of autophagic flux and acceleration of cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. SGLT2 inhibitors reverse this maladaptive signaling by triggering a state of fasting and hypoxia mimicry, which includes activation of SIRT1, AMPK, and HIF-2α, enhanced autophagic flux, reduced cellular stress, decreased sodium influx into cells, and restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis. This mechanistic framework clarifies the findings of large-scale randomized trials and the close association of ketogenesis and erythrocytosis with the cardioprotective and renoprotective benefits of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX. Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Packer M. Autophagy-dependent and -independent modulation of oxidative and organellar stress in the diabetic heart by glucose-lowering drugs. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:62. [PMID: 32404204 PMCID: PMC7222526 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent intracellular degradative pathway, which mediates the cellular adaptation to nutrient and oxygen depletion as well as to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. The molecular mechanisms that stimulate autophagy include the activation of energy deprivation sensors, sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). These enzymes not only promote organellar integrity directly, but they also enhance autophagic flux, which leads to the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria and peroxisomes. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by suppression of SIRT1 and AMPK signaling as well as an impairment of autophagy; these derangements contribute to an increase in oxidative stress and the development of cardiomyopathy. Antihyperglycemic drugs that signal through insulin may further suppress autophagy and worsen heart failure. In contrast, metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors activate SIRT1 and/or AMPK and promote autophagic flux to varying degrees in cardiomyocytes, which may explain their benefits in experimental cardiomyopathy. However, metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors differ meaningfully in the molecular mechanisms that underlie their effects on the heart. Whereas metformin primarily acts as an agonist of AMPK, SGLT2 inhibitors induce a fasting-like state that is accompanied by ketogenesis, a biomarker of enhanced SIRT1 signaling. Preferential SIRT1 activation may also explain the ability of SGLT2 inhibitors to stimulate erythropoiesis and reduce uric acid (a biomarker of oxidative stress)—effects that are not seen with metformin. Changes in both hematocrit and serum urate are the most important predictors of the ability of SGLT2 inhibitors to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in large-scale trials. Metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors may also differ in their ability to mitigate diabetes-related increases in intracellular sodium concentration and its adverse effects on mitochondrial functional integrity. Differences in the actions of SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin may reflect the distinctive molecular pathways that explain differences in the cardioprotective effects of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 621 N. Hall Street, Dallas, TX, 75226, USA. .,Imperial College, London, UK.
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27
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Packer M. Critical examination of mechanisms underlying the reduction in heart failure events with SGLT2 inhibitors: identification of a molecular link between their actions to stimulate erythrocytosis and to alleviate cellular stress. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:74-84. [PMID: 32243505 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of serious heart failure events, even though SGLT2 is not expressed in the myocardium. This cardioprotective benefit is not related to an effect of these drugs to lower blood glucose, promote ketone body utilization or enhance natriuresis, but it is linked statistically with their action to increase haematocrit. SGLT2 inhibitors increase both erythropoietin and erythropoiesis, but the increase in red blood cell mass does not directly prevent heart failure events. Instead, erythrocytosis is a biomarker of a state of hypoxia mimicry, which is induced by SGLT2 inhibitors in manner akin to cobalt chloride. The primary mediators of the cellular response to states of energy depletion are sirtuin-1 and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α/HIF-2α). These master regulators promote the cellular adaptation to states of nutrient and oxygen deprivation, promoting mitochondrial capacity and minimizing the generation of oxidative stress. Activation of sirtuin-1 and HIF-1α/HIF-2α also stimulates autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradative pathway that maintains cellular homoeostasis by removing dangerous constituents (particularly unhealthy mitochondria and peroxisomes), which are a major source of oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte dysfunction and demise. SGLT2 inhibitors can activate SIRT-1 and stimulate autophagy in the heart, and thereby, favourably influence the course of cardiomyopathy. Therefore, the linkage between erythrocytosis and the reduction in heart failure events with SGLT2 inhibitors may be related to a shared underlying molecular mechanism that is triggered by the action of these drugs to induce a perceived state of oxygen and nutrient deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, 621 N. Hall Street, Dallas, TX 75226, USA.,Imperial College, London, UK
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28
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Huang Y, Li J, Chen S, Zhao S, Huang J, Zhou J, Xu Y. Identification of Potential Therapeutic Targets and Pathways of Liraglutide Against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Based on Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) Sequencing. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922210. [PMID: 32238798 PMCID: PMC7152739 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the potential therapeutic targets and pathways of liraglutide against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats based on lncRNA sequencing. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group (n=10), the T2DM model group (high-sugar and high-fat diet, and streptozotocin-induced, n=11), and the liraglutide group (model plus liraglutide, n=10). After 8 weeks of drug treatment, lncRNA sequencing was used to identify the lncRNA therapeutic targets and their related protein-coding genes of liraglutide against T2DM, which were further studied by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis to determine the major biological processes and pathways involved in the action of liraglutide treatment. Lastly, several lncRNA targets were randomly detected based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) to verify the accuracy of sequencing results. RESULTS A total of 104 lncRNA targets of liraglutide against T2DM were screened, with 27 upregulated and 77 downregulated, including NONRATT030354.2, MSTRG.1456.6, and NONRATT011758.2. The major biological processes involved were glucose and lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Liraglutide had a therapeutic effect in T2DM, mainly through the Wnt, PPAR, amino acid metabolism signaling, mTOR, and lipid metabolism-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we screened 104 lncRNA therapeutic targets and several signaling pathways (Wnt, PPAR, amino acid metabolism signaling pathway, mTOR, and lipid metabolism-related pathways) of liraglutide against T2DM based on lncRNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Shouqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The General Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Huang
- College of Health, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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29
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Abdelrazik Soliman NG, Abdel-Hamid AA, El-Hawwary AA, Ellakkany A. Impact of liraglutide on microcirculation in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151533. [PMID: 32197755 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2020.151533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Liraglutide is a new therapy used in diabetes and its effect on diabetic complications particularly cardiovascular ones is still under investigated. In our research, we tried to study the effect of liraglutide on experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) induced by streptozotocin. We found that liraglutide nearly preserved normal myocardiac structure and significantly protected against myocardiac inflammation and fibrosis that was found in DCM group, p < 0.05. It also increased the density of coronary arteriolar vasculature markedly indicated by significant increase in α SMA (p < 0.05) compared to both DCM and non-diabetic (ND) groups. Moreover, liraglutide decreased TNFα and increased VEGF proteins expression (P < 0.05) compared to DCM group. Conclusion, liraglutide may have a very important role in protecting against experimentally induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by preventing the degenerative changes in the cardiomyocytes and the associated fibrosis, inflammation and decreased vasculature at structural and molecular levels.
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30
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Liu S, Jin Z, Zhang Y, Rong S, He W, Sun K, Wan D, Huo J, Xiao L, Li X, Ding N, Wang F, Sun T. The Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogue Liraglutide Reduces Seizures Susceptibility, Cognition Dysfunction and Neuronal Apoptosis in a Mouse Model of Dravet Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:136. [PMID: 32184723 PMCID: PMC7059191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a refractory epilepsy typically caused by heterozygous mutations of the Scn1a gene, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues, effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetes, have recently become attractive treatment modalities for patients with nervous system disease; however, the impact of GLP-1 analogues on DS remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective role of liraglutide in mouse and cell models of Scn1a KO-induced epilepsy. Epileptic susceptibility, behavioral changes, and behavioral seizures were assessed using electroencephalography (EEG), IntelliCage (TSE Systems, Bad Homburg, Germany), and the open field task. Morphological changes in brain tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Nissl staining. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were determined using immunofluorescence and western blotting in Scn1a KO-induced epileptic mice in vitro. Scn1a KO model cell proliferation was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and the effect of liraglutide on cellular apoptosis levels was examined using Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry. Apoptotic signal proteins and mTOR were assessed using reverse transcription - quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Our results showed that liraglutide significantly increased mRNA ((0.31 ± 0.04) *10-3 vs. (1.07 ± 0.08) * 10-3, P = 0.0004) and protein (0.10 ± 0.02 vs. 0.27 ± 0.02, P = 0.0006) expression of Scn1a in Scn1a KO-induced epileptic mice. In addition, liraglutide significantly alleviated electroencephalographic seizures, the severity of responses to epileptic seizures (96.53 ± 0.45 % vs. 85.98 ± 1.24 %, P = 0.0003), cognitive dysfunction, and epileptic-related necrotic neurons (9.76 ± 0.91 % vs. 19.65 ± 2.64 %, P = 0.0005) in Scn1a KO-induced epileptic mice. Moreover, liraglutide protected against Scn1a KO-induced apoptosis, which was manifested in the phosphorylation of mTOR (KO+NS: 1.99 ± 0.31 vs. KO+Lira: 0.97 ± 0.18, P = 0.0004), as well as the downregulation of cleaved caspase-3 (KO+NS: 0.49 ± 0.04 vs. KO+Lira: 0.30 ± 0.01, P = 0.0003) and restoration of the imbalance between BAX (KO+NS: 0.90 ± 0.02 vs. KO+Lira: 0.75 ± 0.04, P = 0.0005) and BCL-2 (KO+NS: 0.46 ± 0.02 vs. KO+Lira: 0.61 ± 0.02, P = 0.0006). Collectively, these results show that liraglutide reduces seizure susceptibility and cognitive dysfunction in the mouse model of Dravet syndrome, and exerts anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects in Scn1a KO mice and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhai Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Department of Integrated Medicine, Affiliated DongFeng Hospital, HuBei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - ShiKuo Rong
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenxin He
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Kuisheng Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Din Wan
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Junming Huo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lifei Xiao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinxiao Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Na Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Wu L, Gao L, Cao Y, Chen F, Sun T, Liu Y. Analysis of the protective mechanism of liraglutide on retinopathy based on diabetic mouse model. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 26:2096-2101. [PMID: 31889801 PMCID: PMC6923456 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the protection mechanism of liraglutide on the infectious lesion of the retina of type I diabetes, in this experiment, a mouse model of type I diabetes was established by induction with streptozotocin (STZ) and feeding with high-fat and high-sugar diet. After observing the living conditions of the modeled mice and detecting their fasting blood glucose (FBG), it was found that the modeled mice exhibited clinically similar symptoms in patients with type I diabetes, and their FBG was larger than 16.7 mmol/L, indicating that the experimental mouse model was obtained. The mice were divided into groups. The control group was divided into negative control group (A), light positive control group (B), diabetic control group (C), and diabetes care group (D) according to different treatment methods, and the experimental group was divided into treatment group 1 (LR1), treatment group 2 (LR2) and treatment group 3 (LR3) according to different injection doses. The eyes of mice in each group were extracted and retinal tissue sections were made, and the sections were stained with HE. The retinal morphology was observed and it was found that compared with group A, the outer nucleus layer was significantly thinner in group B and C, and the group D was the thinnest. After treatment with liraglutide, the outer nuclear layer of LR1 group and LR2 group LR3 group recovered significantly, indicating that liraglutide had protective effect on type I diabetes and light-induced damage of mouse retinal photoreceptor cells. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect p-Erk1/2 and ASK1 protein contents in retina. It was found that compared with the negative control group and the light control group, p-Erk1/2 protein contents in LR1, LR2 and LR3 groups were significantly increased, showing statistical significance. Compared with the negative control group and the light control group, ASK1 protein content in LR1, LR2 and LR3 groups significantly decreased. This suggested that the protective mechanism of liraglutide on retinopathy was related to up-regulation of antioxidant protein p-Erk1/2 and down-regulation of apoptosis-related protein ASK1, that is to say, the action site of liraglutide may be related to this. Through real-time quantitative detection of the Trx gene expression level in diabetic and photodamaged mice, it was found that compared with the diabetic light group, the Trx expression level in mice treated with liraglutide showed a significant up-regulated trend, suggesting that the protective mechanism of liraglutide on retinopathy was related to the up-regulated expression of antioxidant protein Trx. Therefore, liraglutide has a certain protective effect on diabetic retinal injury, and its mechanism is related to the up-regulation of p-Erk1/2 and Trx antioxidant protein, and the down-regulation of apoptosis-related protein ASK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wu
- Department of Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai City 054000, China
| | - Lijuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai City 054000, China
| | - Yaohui Cao
- Department of Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai City 054000, China
| | - Fengju Chen
- Release Therapy Division, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai City 054000, China
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Gynaecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai City 054000, China
| | - Yahong Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai City 054000, China
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Fan X, Li Z, Wang X, Wang J, Hao Z. Silencing of KPNA2 inhibits high glucose-induced podocyte injury via inactivation of mTORC1/p70S6K signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:1017-1023. [PMID: 31727365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of apoptotic and autophagic function are characterized as the main pathogeneses of diabetic nephropathy (DN). It has been reported that Karyopherin Alpha 2 (KPNA2) contributes to apoptosis and autophagy in various cells, but its role in DN development remains unknown. The purpose of present study was to explore the function and underling mechanisms of KPNA2 in development of DN. In this study, 30 mM high glucose (HG)-evoked podocytes were used as DN model. The expression of KPNA2 was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot assays. The cell viability was tested by CCK-8 kit, the apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry assay, the apoptotic and the autophagy related genes was detected by Western blot. Our results indicated that KPNA2 was significantly increased after HG stimulation. Knockdown of KPNA2 inhibited apoptosis, and promoted cell viability and autophagy in HG-treated podocytes. In addition, silencing of KPNA2 deactivated mTORC1/p70S6K pathway activation via regulating SLC1A5. Further results demonstrated that activating mTORC1/p70S6K pathway strongly ameliorated the effect of KPNA2 on cell viability, apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, our study suggested that knockdown of KPNA2 rescued HG-induced injury via blocking activation of mTORC1/p70S6K pathway by mediating SLC1A5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobao Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China; Nephrotic Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710068, China
| | - Zhenjiang Li
- Nephrotic Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710068, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Nephrotic Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710068, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Nephrotic Hemodialysis Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710068, China
| | - Zhiming Hao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
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Aragón-Herrera A, Feijóo-Bandín S, Otero Santiago M, Barral L, Campos-Toimil M, Gil-Longo J, Costa Pereira TM, García-Caballero T, Rodríguez-Segade S, Rodríguez J, Tarazón E, Roselló-Lletí E, Portolés M, Gualillo O, González-Juanatey JR, Lago F. Empagliflozin reduces the levels of CD36 and cardiotoxic lipids while improving autophagy in the hearts of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113677. [PMID: 31647926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The EMPA-REG OUTCOME (Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)) trial made evident the potentiality of pharmacological sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition for treating patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Since the effect of empagliflozin or other SGLT2 inhibitors on the whole cardiac metabolic profile was never analysed before, and with the purpose to contribute to elucidate the benefits at cardiac level of the use of empagliflozin, we explored the effect of the treatment with empagliflozin for six weeks on the cardiac metabolomic profile of Zucker diabetic fatty rats, a model of early stage T2DM, using untargeted metabolomics approach. Empagliflozin reduced significantly the cardiac content of sphingolipids (ceramides and sphingomyelins) and glycerophospholipids (major bioactive contributing factors linking insulin resistance to cardiac damage) and decreased the cardiac content of the fatty acid transporter cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36); induced significant decreases of the cardiac levels of essential glycolysis intermediaries 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate, and regulated the abundance of several amino acids of relevance as tricarboxylic acid suppliers and/or in the metabolic control of the cardiac function as glutamic acid, gamma-aminobutyric acid and sarcosine. Empagliflozin treatment activated the cardioprotective master regulator of cellular energyhomeostasis AMP-activatedproteinkinase (AMPK) and enhanced autophagy at cardiac level, while it decreased significantly the cardiac mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), chemerin, TNF-α and MCP-1, reinforcing the hypothesis of a direct role for empagliflozin in attenuating cardiac inflammation. Our results provide an advancement on the knowledge of the mechanisms linking the therapy with empagliflozin with protective effects on the development of cardiometabolic diseases whose course is associated with remarkable cardiac bioenergetics dysregulation and disarrangement in cardiac metabolome and lipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Aragón-Herrera
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago/Servicio Gallego de Salud (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | - Sandra Feijóo-Bandín
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago/Servicio Gallego de Salud (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain.
| | - Manuel Otero Santiago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago/Servicio Gallego de Salud (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Barral
- Group of Polymers, Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of La Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Group of Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CD Pharma), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Gil-Longo
- Group of Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CD Pharma), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Thiago M Costa Pereira
- Group of Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (CD Pharma), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFES), Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Tomás García-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Santiago Rodríguez-Segade
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Estefanía Tarazón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Roselló-Lletí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Portolés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Cardiocirculatory Unit, Health Research Institute of La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Juanatey
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago/Servicio Gallego de Salud (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
| | - Francisca Lago
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Biomedical Research and Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago/Servicio Gallego de Salud (XXIS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain
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Yan J, Yan J, Wang Y, Ling Y, Song X, Wang S, Liu H, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Yang P, Wang X, Chen A. Spermidine-enhanced autophagic flux improves cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction by targeting the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3126-3142. [PMID: 31077347 PMCID: PMC6692641 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spermidine, a natural polyamine, is abundant in mammalian cells and is involved in cell growth, proliferation, and regeneration. Recently, oral spermidine supplements were cardioprotective in age-related cardiac dysfunction, through enhancing autophagic flux. However, the effect of spermidine on myocardial injury and cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction (MI) remains unknown. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We determined the effects of spermidine in a model of MI, Sprague-Dawley rats with permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery, and in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCs) exposed to angiotensin II (Ang II). Cardiac function in vivo was assessed with echocardiography. In vivo and in vitro studies used histological and immunohistochemical techniques, along with western blots. KEY RESULTS Spermidine improved cardiomyocyte viability and decreased cell necrosis in NRCs treated with angiotensin II. In rats post-MI, spermidine reduced infarct size, improved cardiac function, and attenuated myocardial hypertrophy. Spermidine also suppressed the oxidative damage and inflammatory cytokines induced by MI. Moreover, spermidine enhanced autophagic flux and decreased apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. The protective effects of spermidine on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction were abolished by the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, indicating that spermidine exerted cardioprotective effects at least partly through promoting autophagic flux, by activating the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that spermidine improved MI-induced cardiac dysfunction by promoting AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian‐Yun Yan
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouChina
| | - Yu‐Xi Wang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuan‐Na Ling
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouChina
| | - Xu‐Dong Song
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouChina
| | - Si‐Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouChina
| | - Hai‐Qiong Liu
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi‐Cai Liu
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouChina
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of CardiologyXiangdong Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal UniversityZhuzhouHunanChina
| | - Ping‐Zhen Yang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouChina
| | - Xian‐Bao Wang
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouChina
| | - Ai‐Hua Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Center and Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseGuangzhouChina
- Laboratory of Heart Center, Sino‐Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart FailureGuangzhouChina
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Ashrafizadeh M, Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Effects of newly introduced antidiabetic drugs on autophagy. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2445-2449. [PMID: 31405658 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that has a complex molecular and cellular pathophysiology, resulting in its dynamic progression and that may show differing responses to therapy. The incidence of diabetes mellitus increases with age and requires additive therapeutic agents for its management. SGLT2i and DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are newly introduced antidiabetic drugs that work through differing mechanisms; DPP-4 inhibitors maintain the endogenous level of GLP1; GLP-1RA result in pharmacological levels of GLP1, whilst SGLT2i act on the proximal tubules of the kidney. They have shown efficacy in the management of diabetes and in contrast to other antidiabetic drugs, do not inherently cause hypoglycemia in therapeutic doses. Autophagy as a highly conserved mechanism to maintain cell survival and homeostasis by degradation of damaged or aged organelles and components, and recognised to be increasingly important in diabetes. In the present review, we discuss the modulatory effects of these newly introduced antidiabetic drugs on the autophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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36
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor activation alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice via maintenance of endothelial barrier function. J Transl Med 2019; 99:577-587. [PMID: 30659271 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which is well known for regulating glucose homeostasis, exhibits multiple actions in cardiovascular disorders and renal injury. However, little is known about the effect of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) activation on acute lung injury (ALI). In this study, we investigated the effect of GLP-1R on ALI and the potential underlying mechanisms with the selective agonist liraglutide. Our results show that GLP-1 levels decreased in serum, though they increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Liraglutide prevented LPS-induced polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) extravasation, lung injury, and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction. In cultured human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs), liraglutide protected against LPS-induced endothelial barrier injury by restoring intercellular tight junctions and adherens junctions. Moreover, liraglutide prevented PMN-endothelial adhesion by inhibiting the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and thereafter suppressed PMN transendothelial migration. Furthermore, liraglutide suppressed LPS-induced activation of Rho/NF-κB signaling in HPMECs. In conclusion, our results show that GLP-1R activation protects mice from LPS-induced ALI by maintaining functional endothelial barrier and inhibiting PMN extravasation. These results also suggest that GLP-1R may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI.
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Costantino S, Paneni F. GLP-1-based therapies to boost autophagy in cardiometabolic patients: From experimental evidence to clinical trials. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 115:64-68. [PMID: 30926561 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has many deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, mediated by changes in insulin sensitivity, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Current therapies mainly focus on caloric intake suppression and bariatric surgery, however the efficacy of these approaches remains elusive as most patients regain their body weight within the next 5 years. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity is of paramount importance for the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent vascular complications. Autophagy has emerged as key self-degrading process responsible for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Defects in autophagy homeostasis are implicated in metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Most importantly, autophagy regulates animal lifespan. Albeit ample preclinical evidence supports the therapeutic promise of autophagy modulators for the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases, the clinical efficacy of pharmacological modulation of autophagy remains to be proven. Recent work has shown that GLP-1-based therapeutic approaches may positively affect autophagy in perivascular adipose tissue, thus improving obesity-related endothelial dysfunction. In the present review we discuss current evidence on the role of autophagy in obesity, with a specific focus on DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) as modulators of this process. Experimental evidence on GLP-1-based approaches is critically discussed in light of recent clinical trials with DPP-4i and GLP-1 RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Costantino
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Paneni
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland; University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.
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Zhao T, Chen H, Xu F, Wang J, Liu Y, Xing X, Guo L, Zhang M, Lu Q. Liraglutide alleviates cardiac fibrosis through inhibiting P4hα-1 expression in STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:293-300. [PMID: 30883649 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients by causing heart failure. Interstitial and perivascular fibrosis plays a crucial role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, there is a lack of effective specific treatments available for diabetic cardiomyopathy. In the present study, we aim to explore the effects of Liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, on diabetic cardiomyopathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats fed with high-fat diet. A total of 60 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups, i.e. normal group, model group, and Liraglutide group, with 20 rats in each group. Serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, NEFA, and hydroxyproline were measured using commercial kits. Cardiac function was evaluated by QRS waves, LVEDd, LVESd, and LVEF. Myocardial fibrosis was measured by immunohistochemistry. Our results demonstrated that chronic administration of Liraglutide decreased the level of blood glucose and significantly alleviated lipid metabolic disturbance compared with the model group. Furthermore, Liraglutide was found to improve the damaged cardiac function. In line with this, we also found that the alleviation of cardiac dysfunction was associated with the decreased fibrosis in diabetic myocardial tissues, which was reflected by the decreased expressions of P4hα-1, COL-1, COL-3, MMP-1, and MMP-9. Our results thus suggest that Liraglutide might have a myocardial protective effect by inhibiting P4hα-1-mediated myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huiqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yusheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaowei Xing
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingxiang Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Public Health, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qinghua Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Lu Q, Li X, Liu J, Sun X, Rousselle T, Ren D, Tong N, Li J. AMPK is associated with the beneficial effects of antidiabetic agents on cardiovascular diseases. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181995. [PMID: 30710062 PMCID: PMC6379227 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetics have higher morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease (CVD). A variety of antidiabetic agents are available for clinical choice. Cardiovascular (CV) safety assessment of these agents is crucial in addition to hypoglycemic effect before clinical prescription. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important cell energy sensor, which plays an important role in regulating myocardial energy metabolism, reducing ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, improving heart failure (HF) and ventricular remodeling, ameliorating vascular endothelial dysfunction, antichronic inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and regulating autophagy. In this review, we summarized the effects of antidiabetic agents to CVD according to basic and clinical research evidence and put emphasis on whether these agents can play roles in CV system through AMPK-dependent signaling pathways. Metformin has displayed definite CV benefits related to AMPK. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors also demonstrate sufficient clinical evidence for CV protection, but the mechanisms need further exploration. Glucagon-likepeptide1 analogs, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, α-glucosidase inhibitors and thiazolidinediones also show some AMPK-dependent CV benefits. Sulfonylureas and meglitinides may be unfavorable to CV system. AMPK is becoming a promising target for the treatment of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and CVD. But there are still some questions to be answered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingguo Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216 Jackson, MS, U.S.A
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216 Jackson, MS, U.S.A
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216 Jackson, MS, U.S.A
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021 Changchun, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216 Jackson, MS, U.S.A
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 261000 Weifang, China
| | - Thomas Rousselle
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216 Jackson, MS, U.S.A
| | - Di Ren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216 Jackson, MS, U.S.A
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Heart Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 39216 Jackson, MS, U.S.A.
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Oikonomou E, Mourouzis K, Fountoulakis P, Papamikroulis GA, Siasos G, Antonopoulos A, Vogiatzi G, Tsalamadris S, Vavuranakis M, Tousoulis D. Interrelationship between diabetes mellitus and heart failure: the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in left ventricle performance. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 23:389-408. [PMID: 29453696 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common cardiac syndrome, whose pathophysiology involves complex mechanisms, some of which remain unknown. Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes not only a glucose metabolic disorder accompanied by insulin resistance but also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and HF. During the last years though emerging data set up, a bidirectional interrelationship between these two entities. In the case of DM impaired calcium homeostasis, free fatty acid metabolism, redox state, and advance glycation end products may accelerate cardiac dysfunction. On the other hand, when HF exists, hypoperfusion of the liver and pancreas, b-blocker and diuretic treatment, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction may cause impairment of glucose metabolism. These molecular pathways may be used as therapeutic targets for novel antidiabetic agents. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) not only improve insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism but also manifest a diversity of actions directly or indirectly associated with systolic or diastolic performance of left ventricle and symptoms of HF. Interestingly, they may beneficially affect remodeling of the left ventricle, fibrosis, and diastolic performance but they may cause impaired water handing, sodium retention, and decompensation of HF which should be taken into consideration in the management of patients with DM. In this review article, we present the pathophysiological data linking HF with DM and we focus on the molecular mechanisms of PPARs agonists in left ventricle systolic and diastolic performance providing useful insights in the molecular mechanism of this class of metabolically active regiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Angelos Papamikroulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexis Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamadris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
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Liu H, Chen A. Roles of sleep deprivation in cardiovascular dysfunctions. Life Sci 2019; 219:231-237. [PMID: 30630005 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that inadequate sleep is associated with multiple acute and chronic diseases and results in increased mortality and morbidity for cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in sleep related investigations. Emerging evidence indicates that sleep deprivation changes the biological phenotypes of DNA, RNA and protein levels, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. We summarized the current research on the detrimental roles of sleep deprivation on the heart and elucidated the underlying mechanisms of sleep deficiency to improve our understanding of sleep deprivation and the emerging strategies to target this process for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China; Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, China; Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, NO. 253, Gongye Avenue, 510282 Guangzhou, China.
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42
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Al-Damry NT, Attia HA, Al-Rasheed NM, Al-Rasheed NM, Mohamad RA, Al-Amin MA, Dizmiri N, Atteya M. Sitagliptin attenuates myocardial apoptosis via activating LKB-1/AMPK/Akt pathway and suppressing the activity of GSK-3β and p38α/MAPK in a rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:347-358. [PMID: 30099338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM)-associated apoptosis and if this effect is mediated via modulating the activity of the survival kinases; AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Akt & the apoptotic kinases; glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with sitagliptin (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and metformin (200 mg/kg/day, p.o. as positive control) for six weeks. Chronic hyperglycemia resulted in elevation of serum cardiac biomarkers reflecting cardiac damage which was supported by H&E stain. The mRNA levels of collagen types I and III were augmented reflecting cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy which was supported by Masson trichome stain and enhanced phosphorylation of p38MAPK. Cardiac protein levels of cleaved casapse-3, BAX were elevated, whereas, the levels of Bcl-2 and p-BAD were reduced indicating cardiac apoptosis which could be attributed to the diabetes-induced reduced phosphorylation of Akt and AMPK with concomitant augmented activation of GSK-3β and p38MAPK. Protein levels of liver kinase B-1, the upstream kinase of AMPK were also supressed. Sitagliptin administration alleviated the decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt, inactivated the GSK-3β and p38 AMPK, therefore, attenuating the apoptosis and hypertrophy induced by hyperglycemia in the diabetic heart. In conclusion, sitagliptin exhibits valuable therapeutic potential in the management of DCM by attenuating apoptosis. The underlying mechanism may involve the modulating activity of AMPK, Akt, GSK-3β and p38MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf T Al-Damry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala A Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Nawal M Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf M Al-Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raeesa A Mohamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha A Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nduna Dizmiri
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Atteya
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Exendin-4 and Liraglutide Attenuate Glucose Toxicity-Induced Cardiac Injury through mTOR/ULK1-Dependent Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5396806. [PMID: 29849901 PMCID: PMC5932983 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5396806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury and defective autophagy are common in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Recent evidence supports benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists exendin-4 (Exe) and liraglutide (LIRA) against diabetic cardiomyopathy. This study was designed to examine the effect of Exe and LIRA on glucose-induced cardiomyocyte and mitochondrial injury, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy change. Cardiomyocytes isolated from adult mice and H9c2 myoblast cells were exposed to high glucose (HG, 33 mM) with or without Exe or LIRA. Cardiac contractile properties were assessed including peak shortening, maximal velocity of shortening/relengthening (±dL/dt), time to PS, and time-to-90% relengthening (TR90). Superoxide levels, apoptotic proteins such as cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2, and autophagy proteins including Atg5, p62, Beclin-1, LC3B, and mTOR/ULK1 were evaluated using Western blot. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) changes were assessed using JC-1, and autophagosomes were determined using GFP-LC3. Cardiomyocyte exposure to HG exhibited prolonged TR90 associated with significantly decreased PS and ±dL/dt, the effects of which were partly restored by GLP-1 agonists, the effects of which were negated by the mTOR activator 3BDO. H9c2 cell exposure to HG showed increased intracellular ROS, apoptosis, MMP loss, dampened autophagy, and elevated p-mTOR and p-ULK1, the effects of which were nullified by the GLP-1 agonists. These results suggested that GLP-1 agonists rescued glucose toxicity likely through induction of mTOR-dependent autophagy.
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An Intervention Target for Myocardial Fibrosis: Autophagy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6215916. [PMID: 29850542 PMCID: PMC5911341 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6215916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is the result of metabolic imbalance of collagen synthesis and metabolism, which is widespread in various cardiovascular diseases. Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway which is highly conserved. In recent years, research on autophagy has been increasing and the researchers have also become cumulatively aware of the specified association between autophagy and MF. This review highlights the role of autophagy in MF and the potential effects through the administration of medicine.
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45
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Arden C. A role for Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in the regulation of β-cell autophagy. Peptides 2018; 100:85-93. [PMID: 29412836 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular recycling pathway that serves to recycle damaged organelles/proteins or superfluous nutrients during times of nutritional stress to provide energy to maintain intracellular homeostasis and sustain core metabolic functions. Under these conditions, autophagy functions as a cell survival mechanism but impairment of this pathway can lead to pro-death stimuli. Due to their role in synthesising and secreting insulin, pancreatic β-cells have a high requirement for robust degradation pathways. Recent research suggests that functional autophagy is required to maintain β-cell survival and function in response to high fat diet suggesting a pro-survival role. However, a role for autophagy has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Thus, the pro-survival vs pro-death role of autophagy in regulating β-cell mass requires discussion. Emerging evidence suggests that Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) may exert beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis via autophagy-dependent pathways both in pancreatic β-cells and in other cell types. The aim of the current review is to: i) summarise the literature surrounding β-cell autophagy and its pro-death vs pro-survival role in regulating β-cell mass; ii) review the literature describing the impact of GLP-1 on β-cell autophagy and in other cell types; iii) discuss the potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Arden
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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46
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Zhang M, Wang S, Cheng Z, Xiong Z, Lv J, Yang Z, Li T, Jiang S, Gu J, Sun D, Fan Y. Polydatin ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy via Sirt3 activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1280-1287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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47
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Liu Q, Fang Q, Ji S, Han Z, Cheng W, Zhang H. Resveratrol-mediated apoptosis in renal cell carcinoma via the p53/AMP‑activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin autophagy signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:502-508. [PMID: 29115429 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, known as phytoalexin, is a natural compound. Clinical studies have revealed that resveratrol has a variety of effects including anti‑inflammatory, antivirus and tumor suppressor activities. It has been reported that it may serve an important role in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) however, the molecular mechanism underlying resveratrol‑induced apoptosis in RCC is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether resveratrol could suppress RCC progression. Analysis of apoptosis demonstrated that resveratrol may act as a RCC suppressor in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. In addition, the results of the MTT and cell migration experiments revealed that resveratrol significantly decreased cell viability and migration. In addition, the expression of the anti‑apoptosis gene B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) was downregulated by resveratrol, and the expression of pro‑apoptosis gene Bcl‑2‑associated X was upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels. Resveratrol also promoted the expression of p53 and activated phospho‑AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK). The phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was inhibited and the autophagy‑associated genes, light chain 3, autophagy related (ATG)5 and ATG7, were upregulated at the mRNA and protein levels. In conclusion, resveratrol suppressed RCC viability and migration, and promoted RCC apoptosis via the p53/AMPK/mTOR‑induced autophagy signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Liu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical Science, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fang
- Department of Urology, First Hospital of Fangshan District, Beijing 102400, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Ji
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical Science, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Zhixing Han
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical Science, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical Science, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Haijian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical Science, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
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48
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Zhao Y, Guo Y, Jiang Y, Zhu X, Liu Y, Zhang X. Mitophagy regulates macrophage phenotype in diabetic nephropathy rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:42-50. [PMID: 29061302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages phenotype activation is a key point in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Macrophages mainly exhibit M1 phenotype, which contributes to the inflammation and fibrosis in DN. Studies indicate that autophage plays an important role in M1/M2 activation. However, the effect of mitophage on M1/M2 macrophage phenotype transformation in DN is unknown. This study investigates the role of mitophage on macrophage polarization in DN. In vivo experiments show that macrophages are exhibited to M1 phenotype and display a lower level of mitophagy in the kidney of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression is positive correlated with the P62 expression, while negative correlated with LC3. Electronic microscope analysis shows mitochondria swelling, crista decrease and lysosome reduction in DN rats compared with NC rats. In vitro, RAW264.7 macrophages switch to M1 phenotype under high glucose conditions. Mitophagy is downregulated in such high glucose induced M1 macrophages. Furthermore, macrophages tend to switch to the M1 phenotype, expressing higher iNOS and TNF-α when impair mitophagy by 3-MA. Rapamycin, an activator of mitophagy, signifcantly blocks high-glucose induced M1 makers (iNOS and TNF-α) expression, meanwhile enhances M2 makers (MR and Arg-1) expression. These results demonstrate that mitophage participates in the regulation of M1/M2 macrophage phenotype in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yinfeng Guo
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuteng Jiang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yuqiu Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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Tiwari J, Gupta G, Dahiya R, Pabreja K, Kumar Sharma R, Mishra A, Dua K. Recent update on biological activities and pharmacological actions of liraglutide. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:742-747. [PMID: 28827989 PMCID: PMC5547392 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Tiwari
- School of Pharmacy, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India.,School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rajiv Dahiya
- Laboratory of Peptide Research and Development, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies
| | - Kavita Pabreja
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302017, Jaipur, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
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50
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Suppressed autophagic response underlies augmentation of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5311. [PMID: 28706237 PMCID: PMC5509657 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05667-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we hypothesized that suppression of autophagic response underlies aggravation of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In OLETF, a rat model of T2DM, and its non-diabetic control, LETO, AKI was induced by unilateral nephrectomy and 30-min occlusion and 24-h reperfusion of the renal artery in the contralateral kidney. Levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and tubular injury score after I/R were significantly higher in OLETF than in LETO. Administration of chloroquine, a widely used autophagy inhibitor, aggravated I/R-induced renal injury in LETO, but not in OLETF. In contrast to LETO, OLETF exhibited no increase in autophagosomes in the proximal tubules after I/R. Immunoblotting showed that I/R activated the AMPK/ULK1 pathway in LETO but not in OLETF, and mTORC1 activation after I/R was enhanced in OLETF. Treatment of OLETF with rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, partially restored autophagic activation in response to I/R and significantly attenuated I/R-induced renal injury. Collectively, these findings indicate that suppressed autophagic activation in proximal tubules by impaired AMPK/ULK1 signaling and upregulated mTORC1 activation underlies T2DM-induced worsening of renal I/R injury.
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