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Targa Dias Anastacio H, Matosin N, Ooi L. Familial Alzheimer's Disease Neurons Bearing Mutations in PSEN1 Display Increased Calcium Responses to AMPA as an Early Calcium Dysregulation Phenotype. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:625. [PMID: 38792645 PMCID: PMC11123496 DOI: 10.3390/life14050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) can be caused by mutations in PSEN1 that encode presenilin-1, a component of the gamma-secretase complex that cleaves amyloid precursor protein. Alterations in calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and glutamate signaling are implicated in the pathogenesis of FAD; however, it has been difficult to assess in humans whether or not these phenotypes are the result of amyloid or tau pathology. This study aimed to assess the early calcium and glutamate phenotypes of FAD by measuring the Ca2+ response of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons bearing PSEN1 mutations to glutamate and the ionotropic glutamate receptor agonists NMDA, AMPA, and kainate compared to isogenic control and healthy lines. The data show that in early neurons, even in the absence of amyloid and tau phenotypes, FAD neurons exhibit increased Ca2+ responses to glutamate and AMPA, but not NMDA or kainate. Together, this suggests that PSEN1 mutations alter Ca2+ and glutamate signaling as an early phenotype of FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Targa Dias Anastacio
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
| | - Natalie Matosin
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia;
| | - Lezanne Ooi
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
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Li K, Figarella K, Su X, Kovalchuk Y, Gorzolka J, Neher JJ, Mojtahedi N, Casadei N, Hedrich UBS, Garaschuk O. Endogenous but not sensory-driven activity controls migration, morphogenesis and survival of adult-born juxtaglomerular neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:98. [PMID: 36932186 PMCID: PMC10023654 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The development and survival of adult-born neurons are believed to be driven by sensory signaling. Here, in vivo analyses of motility, morphology and Ca2+ signaling, as well as transcriptome analyses of adult-born juxtaglomerular cells with reduced endogenous excitability (via cell-specific overexpression of either Kv1.2 or Kir2.1 K+ channels), revealed a pronounced impairment of migration, morphogenesis, survival, and functional integration of these cells into the mouse olfactory bulb, accompanied by a reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ fluctuations, phosphorylation of CREB and pCREB-mediated gene expression. Moreover, K+ channel overexpression strongly downregulated genes involved in neuronal migration, differentiation, and morphogenesis and upregulated apoptosis-related genes, thus locking adult-born cells in an immature and vulnerable state. Surprisingly, cells deprived of sensory-driven activity developed normally. Together, the data reveal signaling pathways connecting the endogenous intermittent neuronal activity/Ca2+ fluctuations as well as enhanced Kv1.2/Kir2.1 K+ channel function to migration, maturation, and survival of adult-born neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhen Li
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katherine Figarella
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yury Kovalchuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessika Gorzolka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas J Neher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nima Mojtahedi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B S Hedrich
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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K v1.1 preserves the neural stem cell pool and facilitates neuron maturation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2118240119. [PMID: 35613055 PMCID: PMC9295736 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118240119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research on adult neurogenesis, little is known about the role of bioelectric signaling in this process. In this study, we describe how a voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv1.1, supports adult neurogenesis by maintaining the neural stem cell niche and facilitating newborn neuron development. Additionally, we show that deletion of Kv1.1 from adult neural stem cells contributes to modest impairments in hippocampus-dependent contextual fear learning and memory. Dysfunctional adult neurogenesis has been implicated in cognitive decline associated with aging and neurological disease. Therefore, understanding the role of Kv1.1 in adult neurogenesis represents an opportunity to identify new therapeutic targets to promote healthy neurogenesis and cognition. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is critical for learning and memory, and aberrant adult neurogenesis has been implicated in cognitive decline associated with aging and neurological diseases [J. T. Gonçalves, S. T. Schafer, F. H. Gage, Cell 167, 897–914 (2016)]. In previous studies, we observed that the delayed-rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.1 controls the membrane potential of neural stem and progenitor cells and acts as a brake on neurogenesis during neonatal hippocampal development [S. M. Chou et al., eLife 10, e58779 (2021)]. To assess the role of Kv1.1 in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we developed an inducible conditional knockout mouse to specifically remove Kv1.1 from adult neural stem cells via tamoxifen administration. We determined that Kv1.1 deletion in adult neural stem cells causes overproliferation and depletion of radial glia-like neural stem cells, prevents proper adult-born granule cell maturation and integration into the dentate gyrus, and moderately impairs hippocampus-dependent contextual fear learning and memory. Taken together, these findings support a critical role for this voltage-gated ion channel in adult neurogenesis.
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Bierman-Duquette RD, Safarians G, Huang J, Rajput B, Chen JY, Wang ZZ, Seidlits SK. Engineering Tissues of the Central Nervous System: Interfacing Conductive Biomaterials with Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101577. [PMID: 34808031 PMCID: PMC8986557 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conductive biomaterials provide an important control for engineering neural tissues, where electrical stimulation can potentially direct neural stem/progenitor cell (NS/PC) maturation into functional neuronal networks. It is anticipated that stem cell-based therapies to repair damaged central nervous system (CNS) tissues and ex vivo, "tissue chip" models of the CNS and its pathologies will each benefit from the development of biocompatible, biodegradable, and conductive biomaterials. Here, technological advances in conductive biomaterials are reviewed over the past two decades that may facilitate the development of engineered tissues with integrated physiological and electrical functionalities. First, one briefly introduces NS/PCs of the CNS. Then, the significance of incorporating microenvironmental cues, to which NS/PCs are naturally programmed to respond, into biomaterial scaffolds is discussed with a focus on electrical cues. Next, practical design considerations for conductive biomaterials are discussed followed by a review of studies evaluating how conductive biomaterials can be engineered to control NS/PC behavior by mimicking specific functionalities in the CNS microenvironment. Finally, steps researchers can take to move NS/PC-interfacing, conductive materials closer to clinical translation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gevick Safarians
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joyce Huang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Bushra Rajput
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jessica Y. Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ze Zhong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, USA
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5
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Dalgin G, Tryba AK, Cohen AP, Park SY, Philipson LH, Greeley SAW, Garcia AJ. Developmental defects and impaired network excitability in a cerebral organoid model of KCNJ11 p.V59M-related neonatal diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21590. [PMID: 34732776 PMCID: PMC8566525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene KCNJ11 encodes Kir6.2 a major subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) expressed in both the pancreas and brain. Heterozygous gain of function mutations in KCNJ11 can cause neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM). In addition, many patients exhibit neurological defects ranging from modest learning disorders to severe cognitive dysfunction and seizures. However, it remains unclear to what extent these neurological deficits are due to direct brain-specific activity of mutant KATP. We have generated cerebral organoids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) possessing the KCNJ11 mutation p.Val59Met (V59M) and from non-pathogenic/normal hiPSCs (i.e., control/WT). Control cerebral organoids developed neural networks that could generate stable synchronized bursting neuronal activity whereas those derived from V59M cerebral organoids showed reduced synchronization. Histocytochemical studies revealed a marked reduction in neurons localized to upper cortical layer-like structures in V59M cerebral organoids suggesting dysfunction in the development of cortical neuronal network. Examination of temporal transcriptional profiles of neural stem cell markers revealed an extended window of SOX2 expression in V59M cerebral organoids. Continuous treatment of V59M cerebral organoids with the KATP blocker tolbutamide partially rescued the neurodevelopmental differences. Our study demonstrates the utility of human cerebral organoids as an investigative platform for studying the effects of KCNJ11 mutations on neurophysiological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Dalgin
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Andrew K Tryba
- Section of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashley P Cohen
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Soo-Young Park
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis H Philipson
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Siri Atma W Greeley
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alfredo J Garcia
- Section of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Institute for Integrative Physiology, Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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Kwon JK, Choi DJ, Yang H, Ko DW, Jou I, Park SM, Joe EH. Kir4.1 is coexpressed with stemness markers in activated astrocytes in the injured brain and a Kir4.1 inhibitor BaCl 2 negatively regulates neurosphere formation in culture. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:565-574. [PMID: 34697267 PMCID: PMC8552822 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.6.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes are activated in response to brain damage. Here, we found that expression of Kir4.1, a major potassium channel in astrocytes, is increased in activated astrocytes in the injured brain together with upregulation of the neural stem cell markers, Sox2 and Nestin. Expression of Kir4.1 was also increased together with that of Nestin and Sox2 in neurospheres formed from dissociated P7 mouse brains. Using the Kir4.1 blocker BaCl2 to determine whether Kir4.1 is involved in acquisition of stemness, we found that inhibition of Kir4.1 activity caused a concentration-dependent increase in sphere size and Sox2 levels, but had little effect on Nestin levels. Moreover, induction of differentiation of cultured neural stem cells by withdrawing epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor from the culture medium caused a sharp initial increase in Kir4.1 expression followed by a decrease, whereas Sox2 and Nestin levels continuously decreased. Inhibition of Kir4.1 had no effect on expression levels of Sox2 or Nestin, or the astrocyte and neuron markers glial fibrillary acidic protein and β-tubulin III, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that Kir4.1 may control gain of stemness but not differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyung Kwon
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dong-Joo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Haijie Yang
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Dong Wan Ko
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Joe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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7
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Tassinari R, Cavallini C, Olivi E, Taglioli V, Zannini C, Ventura C. Unveiling the morphogenetic code: A new path at the intersection of physical energies and chemical signaling. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1382-1393. [PMID: 34786150 PMCID: PMC8567452 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this editorial, we discuss the remarkable role of physical energies in the control of cell signaling networks and in the specification of the architectural plan of both somatic and stem cells. In particular, we focus on the biological relevance of bioelectricity in the pattern control that orchestrates both developmental and regenerative pathways. To this end, the narrative starts from the dawn of the first studies on animal electricity, reconsidering the pioneer work of Harold Saxton Burr in the light of the current achievements. We finally discuss the most recent evidence showing that bioelectric signaling is an essential component of the informational processes that control pattern specification during embryogenesis, regeneration, or even malignant transformation. We conclude that there is now mounting evidence for the existence of a Morphogenetic Code, and that deciphering this code may lead to unprecedented opportunities for the development of novel paradigms of cure in regenerative and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Tassinari
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems – ELDOR LAB, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Claudia Cavallini
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems – ELDOR LAB, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Elena Olivi
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems – ELDOR LAB, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Valentina Taglioli
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems – ELDOR LAB, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Chiara Zannini
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems – ELDOR LAB, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Carlo Ventura
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems – ELDOR LAB, Bologna 40129, Italy
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Voelker J, Voelker C, Engert J, Goemann N, Hagen R, Rak K. Spontaneous Calcium Oscillations through Differentiation: A Calcium Imaging Analysis of Rat Cochlear Nucleus Neural Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:2802. [PMID: 34685782 PMCID: PMC8534573 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Causal therapies for the auditory-pathway and inner-ear diseases are still not yet available for clinical application. Regenerative medicine approaches are discussed and examined as possible therapy options. Neural stem cells could play a role in the regeneration of the auditory pathway. In recent years, neural stem and progenitor cells have been identified in the cochlear nucleus, the second nucleus of the auditory pathway. The current investigation aimed to analyze cell maturation concerning cellular calcium activity. Cochlear nuclei from PND9 CD rats were microscopically dissected and propagated as neurospheres in free-floating cultures in stem-cell medium (Neurobasal, B27, GlutaMAX, EGF, bFGF). After 30 days, the dissociation and plating of these cells took place under withdrawal of the growth factors and the addition of retinoic acid, which induces neural cell differentiation. Calcium imaging analysis with BAPTA-1/Oregon Green was carried out at different times during the differentiation phase. In addition, the influence of different voltage-dependent calcium channels was analyzed through the targeted application of inhibitors of the L-, N-, R- and T-type calcium channels. For this purpose, comparative examinations were performed on CN NSCs, and primary CN neurons. As the cells differentiated, a significant increase in spontaneous neuronal calcium activity was demonstrated. In the differentiation stage, specific frequencies of the spontaneous calcium oscillations were measured in different regions of the individual cells. Initially, the highest frequency of spontaneous calcium oscillations was ascertainable in the maturing somata. Over time, these were overtaken by calcium oscillations in the axons and dendrites. Additionally, in the area of the growth cones, an increasing activity was determined. By inhibiting voltage-dependent calcium channels, their expression and function in the differentiation process were confirmed. A comparable pattern of maturation of these channels was found in CN NSCs and primary CN neurons. The present results show that neural stem cells of the rat cochlear nucleus differentiated not only morphologically but also functionally. Spontaneous calcium activities are of great relevance in terms of neurogenesis and integration into existing neuronal structures. These functional aspects of neurogenesis within the auditory pathway could serve as future targets for the exogenous control of neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Voelker
- Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Head and Neck Surgery and the Comprehensive Hearing Center, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Wuerzburg Josef-Schneider-Strasse 11, D-97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (C.V.); (J.E.); (N.G.); (R.H.); (K.R.)
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Chou SM, Li KX, Huang MY, Chen C, Lin King YH, Li GG, Zhou W, Teo CF, Jan YN, Jan LY, Yang SB. Kv1.1 channels regulate early postnatal neurogenesis in mouse hippocampus via the TrkB signaling pathway. eLife 2021; 10:e58779. [PMID: 34018923 PMCID: PMC8208815 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the postnatal brain, neurogenesis occurs only within a few regions, such as the hippocampal sub-granular zone (SGZ). Postnatal neurogenesis is tightly regulated by factors that balance stem cell renewal with differentiation, and it gives rise to neurons that participate in learning and memory formation. The Kv1.1 channel, a voltage-gated potassium channel, was previously shown to suppress postnatal neurogenesis in the SGZ in a cell-autonomous manner. In this study, we have clarified the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying Kv1.1-dependent postnatal neurogenesis. First, we discovered that the membrane potential of neural progenitor cells is highly dynamic during development. We further established a multinomial logistic regression model for cell-type classification based on the biophysical characteristics and corresponding cell markers. We found that the loss of Kv1.1 channel activity causes significant depolarization of type 2b neural progenitor cells. This depolarization is associated with increased tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling and proliferation of neural progenitor cells; suppressing TrkB signaling reduces the extent of postnatal neurogenesis. Thus, our study defines the role of the Kv1.1 potassium channel in regulating the proliferation of postnatal neural progenitor cells in mouse hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Min Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ke-Xin Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Chao Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yuan-Hung Lin King
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Chin Fen Teo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Departments of Physiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Shi-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
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First Evidence of Kv3.1b Potassium Channel Subtype Expression during Neuronal Serotonergic 1C11 Cell Line Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197175. [PMID: 33003279 PMCID: PMC7583048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kv3.1 channel is abundantly expressed in neurons and its dysfunction causes sleep loss, neurodegenerative diseases and depression. Fluoxetine, a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor commonly used to treat depression, acts also on Kv3.1. To define the relationship between Kv3.1 and serotonin receptors (SR) pharmacological modulation, we showed that 1C11, a serotonergic cell line, expresses different voltage gated potassium (VGK) channels subtypes in the presence (differentiated cells (1C11D)) or absence (not differentiated cells (1C11ND)) of induction. Only Kv1.2 and Kv3.1 transcripts increase even if the level of Kv3.1b transcripts is highest in 1C11D and, after fluoxetine, in 1C11ND but decreases in 1C11D. The Kv3.1 channel protein is expressed in 1C11ND and 1C11D but is enhanced by fluoxetine only in 1C11D. Whole cell measurements confirm that 1C11 cells express (VGK) currents, increasing sequentially as a function of cell development. Moreover, SR 5HT1b is highly expressed in 1C11D but fluoxetine increases the level of transcript in 1C11ND and significantly decreases it in 1C11D. Serotonin dosage shows that fluoxetine at 10 nM blocks serotonin reuptake in 1C11ND but slows down its release when cells are differentiated through a decrease of 5HT1b receptors density. We provide the first experimental evidence that 1C11 expresses Kv3.1b, which confirms its major role during differentiation. Cells respond to the fluoxetine effect by upregulating Kv3.1b expression. On the other hand, the possible relationship between the fluoxetine effect on the kinetics of 5HT1b differentiation and Kv3.1bexpression, would suggest the Kv3.1b channel as a target of an antidepressant drug as well as it was suggested for 5HT1b.
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Moroni RF, Regondi MC, de Curtis M, Frassoni C, Librizzi L. Kir4.1 RNA Interference by In Utero Electroporation Fails to Affect Ictogenesis and Reveals a Possible role of Kir4.1 in Corticogenesis. Neuroscience 2020; 441:65-76. [PMID: 32590038 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Astrocyte dysfunction, and in particular impaired extracellular potassium spatial buffering, has been postulated to have a potential role in seizure susceptibility and ictogenesis. Inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels, and specifically KIR4.1, have a predominant role in K+ homeostasis and their involvement in neuronal excitability control have been hypothesized. To avoid the severe side effects observed in Kir4.1 cKO, we studied the effects of Kir4.1 down-regulation in cortical astrocytes by using Kir4.1 RNA interference (RNAi) technique combined with in utero electroporation (IUE) at E16 and a piggyBac transposon system. Kir4.1 down-regulation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and field fraction analysis. To investigate if Kir4.1 silencing affects 4AP-induced seizure threshold and extracellular potassium homeostasis, simultaneous in vitro field potential and extracellular K+ recordings were performed on somatosensory cortex slices obtained from rats electroporated with a piggyBac-Kir4.1-shRNA (Kir4.1-) and scrambled shRNA (Kir4.1Sc). Electrophysiological data revealed no significant differences in terms of seizure onset and seizure-induced extracellular K+ changes between Kir4.1- and Kir4.1Sc rats. Intriguingly, immunohistochemical analysis performed on slices studied with electrophysiology revealed a reduced number of neurons generated from radial glial cells in Kir4.1- rats. We conclude that focal down-regulation of Kir4.1 channel in cortical astrocytes by Kir4.1 RNAi technique combined with IUE is not effective in altering potassium homeostasis and seizure susceptibility. This technique revealed a possible role of Kir4.1 during corticogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Frida Moroni
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Regondi
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco de Curtis
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carolina Frassoni
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Librizzi
- Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Neurologico "C. Besta", via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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12
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Johard H, Omelyanenko A, Fei G, Zilberter M, Dave Z, Abu-Youssef R, Schmidt L, Harisankar A, Vincent CT, Walfridsson J, Nelander S, Harkany T, Blomgren K, Andäng M. HCN Channel Activity Balances Quiescence and Proliferation in Neural Stem Cells and Is a Selective Target for Neuroprotection During Cancer Treatment. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1522-1533. [PMID: 32665429 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Children suffering from neurologic cancers undergoing chemotherapy and radiotherapy are at high risk of reduced neurocognitive abilities likely via damage to proliferating neural stem cells (NSC). Therefore, strategies to protect NSCs are needed. We argue that induced cell-cycle arrest/quiescence in NSCs during cancer treatment can represent such a strategy. Here, we show that hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels are dynamically expressed over the cell cycle in NSCs, depolarize the membrane potential, underlie spontaneous calcium oscillations and are required to maintain NSCs in the actively proliferating pool. Hyperpolarizing pharmacologic inhibition of HCN channels during exposure to ionizing radiation protects NSCs cells in neurogenic brain regions of young mice. In contrast, brain tumor-initiating cells, which also express HCN channels, remain proliferative during HCN inhibition. IMPLICATIONS: Our finding that NSCs can be selectively rescued while cancer cells remain sensitive to the treatment, provide a foundation for reduction of cognitive impairment in children with neurologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Johard
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Omelyanenko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gao Fei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, California
| | - Zankruti Dave
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Randa Abu-Youssef
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnéa Schmidt
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - C Theresa Vincent
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Andäng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Celik S, Albayrak AT, Akyuz S, Ozel AE, Sigirci BD. Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, molecular docking and ADMET study of a caprolactam-glycine cluster. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:2376-2386. [PMID: 32216608 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1748112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were performed with DFT method using both b3lyp/6-311++G(d,p) and wb97xd/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory to predict the molecular geometry, to evaluate the molecular electrostatic potential and frontier molecular orbitals of synthesized a new compound: caprolactam-glysine cluster (CL-Gly). Molecular docking study of the CL-Gly was carried out to clarify the interaction and the probable binding modes, between the title compound and DNA. The antibacterial activities of CL-Gly cluster against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria was determined. In silico ADMET study was also performed for predicting pharmacokinetic and toxicity profile of the synthesized cluster which expressed good drug-like behavior and non-toxic nature. It was revealed that the compound has importance in drug discovery process.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sefa Celik
- Physics Department, Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Tugrul Albayrak
- Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Akyuz
- Physics Department, Science and Letters Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysen E Ozel
- Physics Department, Science Faculty, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Belgi Diren Sigirci
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Micro X-ray fluorescence elemental analysis of spheroid cultures of human neuroblastoma cells. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Excitation/inhibition imbalance and impaired neurogenesis in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:807-820. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance controls the synaptic inputs to prevent the inappropriate responses of neurons to input strength, and is required to restore the initial pattern of network activity. Various neurotransmitters affect synaptic plasticity within neural networks via the modulation of neuronal E/I balance in the developing and adult brain. Less is known about the role of E/I balance in the control of the development of the neural stem and progenitor cells in the course of neurogenesis and gliogenesis. Recent findings suggest that neural stem and progenitor cells appear to be the target for the action of GABA within the neurogenic or oligovascular niches. The same might be true for the role of neuropeptides (i.e. oxytocin) in neurogenic niches. This review covers current understanding of the role of E/I balance in the regulation of neuroplasticity associated with social behavior in normal brain, and in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Further studies are required to decipher the GABA-mediated regulation of postnatal neurogenesis and synaptic integration of newly-born neurons as a potential target for the treatment of brain diseases.
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16
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Li AQ, Sun ZP, Liu X, Yang JS, Jin F, Zhu L, Jia WH, De Vos S, Van Stappen G, Bossier P, Yang WJ. The chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) controls cellular quiescence by hyperpolarizing the cell membrane during diapause in the crustacean Artemia. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:6598-6611. [PMID: 30765604 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular quiescence, a reversible state in which growth, proliferation, and other cellular activities are arrested, is important for self-renewal, differentiation, development, regeneration, and stress resistance. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying cellular quiescence remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used embryos of the crustacean Artemia in the diapause stage, in which these embryos remain quiescent for prolonged periods, as a model to explore the relationship between cell-membrane potential (V mem) and quiescence. We found that V mem is hyperpolarized and that the intracellular chloride concentration is high in diapause embryos, whereas V mem is depolarized and intracellular chloride concentration is reduced in postdiapause embryos and during further embryonic development. We identified and characterized the chloride ion channel protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) of Artemia (Ar-CFTR) and found that its expression is silenced in quiescent cells of Artemia diapause embryos but remains constant in all other embryonic stages. Ar-CFTR knockdown and GlyH-101-mediated chemical inhibition of Ar-CFTR produced diapause embryos having a high V mem and intracellular chloride concentration, whereas control Artemia embryos released free-swimming nauplius larvae. Transcriptome analysis of embryos at different developmental stages revealed that proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism are suppressed in diapause embryos and restored in postdiapause embryos. Combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of GlyH-101-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells, these analyses revealed that CFTR inhibition down-regulates the Wnt and Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) signaling pathways and up-regulates the p53 signaling pathway. Our findings provide insight into CFTR-mediated regulation of cellular quiescence and V mem in the Artemia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Li
- From the College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Sun
- From the College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xu Liu
- From the College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jin-Shu Yang
- From the College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Feng Jin
- From the College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- From the College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wen-Huan Jia
- From the College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Stephanie De Vos
- the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and
| | - Gilbert Van Stappen
- the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and
| | - Peter Bossier
- the Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium, and
| | - Wei-Jun Yang
- From the College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China, .,the Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
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17
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is predominantly idiopathic in origin, and a large body of evidence indicates that gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions are a significant comorbid clinical feature; these dysfunctions include dysphagia, nausea, delayed gastric emptying, and severe constipation, all of which occur commonly before the onset of the well-known motor symptoms of PD. Based on a distinct distribution pattern of Lewy bodies (LB) in the enteric nervous system (ENS) and in the preganglionic neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV), and together with the early onset of GI symptoms, it was suggested that idiopathic PD begins in the ENS and spreads to the central nervous system (CNS), reaching the DMV and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). These two areas are connected by a recently discovered monosynaptic nigro-vagal pathway, which is dysfunctional in rodent models of PD. An alternative hypothesis downplays the role of LB transport through the vagus nerve and proposes that PD pathology is governed by regional or cell-restricted factors as the leading cause of nigral neuronal degeneration. The purpose of this brief review is to summarize the neuronal electrophysiological findings in the SNpc and DMV in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Bove
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - R Alberto Travagli
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
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18
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Abstract
Modern stem cell research has mainly focused on protein expression and transcriptional networks. However, transmembrane voltage gradients generated by ion channels and transporters have demonstrated to be powerful regulators of cellular processes. These physiological cues exert influence on cell behaviors ranging from differentiation and proliferation to migration and polarity. Bioelectric signaling is a fundamental element of living systems and an untapped reservoir for new discoveries. Dissecting these mechanisms will allow for novel methods of controlling cell fate and open up new opportunities in biomedicine. This review focuses on the role of ion channels and the resting membrane potential in the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle progenitor cells. In addition, findings relevant to this topic are presented and potential implications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Fennelly
- Department of Neuroscience, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Shay Soker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.,Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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19
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Abstract
Membrane potential is well-studied in neuronal physiology, but its role in brain development and cell fate determination is less well understood. In two recent studies, bioelectric properties of progenitors and migrating neurons are shown to be tightly regulated, and their disruption leads to abnormalities in fate determination and neuronal positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline A Lancaster
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK.
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20
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Schirmer L, Möbius W, Zhao C, Cruz-Herranz A, Ben Haim L, Cordano C, Shiow LR, Kelley KW, Sadowski B, Timmons G, Pröbstel AK, Wright JN, Sin JH, Devereux M, Morrison DE, Chang SM, Sabeur K, Green AJ, Nave KA, Franklin RJ, Rowitch DH. Oligodendrocyte-encoded Kir4.1 function is required for axonal integrity. eLife 2018; 7:36428. [PMID: 30204081 PMCID: PMC6167053 DOI: 10.7554/elife.36428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial support is critical for normal axon function and can become dysregulated in white matter (WM) disease. In humans, loss-of-function mutations of KCNJ10, which encodes the inward-rectifying potassium channel KIR4.1, causes seizures and progressive neurological decline. We investigated Kir4.1 functions in oligodendrocytes (OLs) during development, adulthood and after WM injury. We observed that Kir4.1 channels localized to perinodal areas and the inner myelin tongue, suggesting roles in juxta-axonal K+ removal. Conditional knockout (cKO) of OL-Kcnj10 resulted in late onset mitochondrial damage and axonal degeneration. This was accompanied by neuronal loss and neuro-axonal dysfunction in adult OL-Kcnj10 cKO mice as shown by delayed visual evoked potentials, inner retinal thinning and progressive motor deficits. Axon pathologies in OL-Kcnj10 cKO were exacerbated after WM injury in the spinal cord. Our findings point towards a critical role of OL-Kir4.1 for long-term maintenance of axonal function and integrity during adulthood and after WM injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Schirmer
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Chao Zhao
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrés Cruz-Herranz
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lucile Ben Haim
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Christian Cordano
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lawrence R Shiow
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kevin W Kelley
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Boguslawa Sadowski
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Garrett Timmons
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Anne-Katrin Pröbstel
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jackie N Wright
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jung Hyung Sin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michael Devereux
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Daniel E Morrison
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra M Chang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Khalida Sabeur
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Ari J Green
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robin Jm Franklin
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David H Rowitch
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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21
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Vitali I, Fièvre S, Telley L, Oberst P, Bariselli S, Frangeul L, Baumann N, McMahon JJ, Klingler E, Bocchi R, Kiss JZ, Bellone C, Silver DL, Jabaudon D. Progenitor Hyperpolarization Regulates the Sequential Generation of Neuronal Subtypes in the Developing Neocortex. Cell 2018; 174:1264-1276.e15. [PMID: 30057116 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During corticogenesis, ventricular zone progenitors sequentially generate distinct subtypes of neurons, accounting for the diversity of neocortical cells and the circuits they form. While activity-dependent processes are critical for the differentiation and circuit assembly of postmitotic neurons, how bioelectrical processes affect nonexcitable cells, such as progenitors, remains largely unknown. Here, we reveal that, in the developing mouse neocortex, ventricular zone progenitors become more hyperpolarized as they generate successive subtypes of neurons. Experimental in vivo hyperpolarization shifted the transcriptional programs and division modes of these progenitors to a later developmental status, with precocious generation of intermediate progenitors and a forward shift in the laminar, molecular, morphological, and circuit features of their neuronal progeny. These effects occurred through inhibition of the Wnt-beta-catenin signaling pathway by hyperpolarization. Thus, during corticogenesis, bioelectric membrane properties are permissive for specific molecular pathways to coordinate the temporal progression of progenitor developmental programs and thus neocortical neuron diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vitali
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Fièvre
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Telley
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Polina Oberst
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Bariselli
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Frangeul
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Baumann
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John J McMahon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 224 Carl Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Esther Klingler
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Bocchi
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jozsef Z Kiss
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Bellone
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Debra L Silver
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 224 Carl Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Denis Jabaudon
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, 4 Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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22
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Mehta S, Lo Cascio C. Developmentally regulated signaling pathways in glioma invasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:385-402. [PMID: 28821904 PMCID: PMC5765207 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common, infiltrative, and lethal primary brain tumors affecting the adult population. The grim prognosis for this disease is due to a combination of the presence of highly invasive tumor cells that escape surgical resection and the presence of a population of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells found within these tumors. Several studies suggest that glioma cells have cleverly hijacked the normal developmental program of neural progenitor cells, including their transcriptional programs, to enhance gliomagenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of developmentally regulated signaling pathways that have been found to facilitate glioma growth and invasion. Furthermore, we discuss how the microenvironment and treatment-induced perturbations of these highly interconnected signaling networks can trigger a shift in cellular phenotype and tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetal Mehta
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Costanza Lo Cascio
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
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23
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Electromagnetic Fields for the Regulation of Neural Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:9898439. [PMID: 28932245 PMCID: PMC5592400 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9898439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized magnetic fields (MFs) could easily penetrate the scalp, skull, and meninges, thus inducing an electrical current in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, which is primarily used in transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for inducing specific effects on different regions or cells that play roles in various brain activities. Studies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have led to novel attractive therapeutic approaches. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in adult human brain are able to self-renew and possess multidifferential ability to maintain homeostasis and repair damage after acute central nervous system. In the present review, we summarized the electrical activity of NSCs and the fundamental mechanism of electromagnetic fields and their effects on regulating NSC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation. Although it was authorized for the rTMS use in resistant depression patients by US FDA, there are still unveiling mechanism and limitations for rTMS in clinical applications of acute central nervous system injury, especially on NSC regulation as a rehabilitation strategy. More in-depth studies should be performed to provide detailed parameters and mechanisms of rTMS in further studies, making it a powerful tool to treat people who are surviving with acute central nervous system injuries.
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24
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Sartore RC, Cardoso SC, Lages YVM, Paraguassu JM, Stelling MP, Madeiro da Costa RF, Guimaraes MZ, Pérez CA, Rehen SK. Trace elements during primordial plexiform network formation in human cerebral organoids. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2927. [PMID: 28194309 PMCID: PMC5301978 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic studies of micronutrients during brain formation are hindered by restrictions to animal models and adult post-mortem tissues. Recently, advances in stem cell biology have enabled recapitulation of the early stages of human telencephalon development in vitro. In the present work, we analyzed cerebral organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence in order to measure biologically valuable micronutrients incorporated and distributed into the exogenously developing brain. Our findings indicate that elemental inclusion in organoids is consistent with human brain tissue and involves P, S, K, Ca, Fe and Zn. Occurrence of different concentration gradients also suggests active regulation of elemental transmembrane transport. Finally, the analysis of pairs of elements shows interesting elemental interaction patterns that change from 30 to 45 days of development, suggesting short- or long-term associations, such as storage in similar compartments or relevance for time-dependent biological processes. These findings shed light on which trace elements are important during human brain development and will support studies aimed to unravel the consequences of disrupted metal homeostasis for neurodevelopmental diseases, including those manifested in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela C Sartore
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone C Cardoso
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Yury V M Lages
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julia M Paraguassu
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Stelling
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | | | - Marilia Z Guimaraes
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Pérez
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Stevens K Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Tang Y, Illes P. Regulation of adult neural progenitor cell functions by purinergic signaling. Glia 2016; 65:213-230. [PMID: 27629990 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular purines are signaling molecules in the neurogenic niches of the brain and spinal cord, where they activate cell surface purinoceptors at embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) and adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Although mRNA and protein are expressed at NSCs/NPCs for almost all subtypes of the nucleotide-sensitive P2X/P2Y, and the nucleoside-sensitive adenosine receptors, only a few of those have acquired functional significance. ATP is sequentially degraded by ecto-nucleotidases to ADP, AMP, and adenosine with agonistic properties for distinct receptor-classes. Nucleotides/nucleosides facilitate or inhibit NSC/NPC proliferation, migration and differentiation. The most ubiquitous effect of all agonists (especially of ATP and ADP) appears to be the facilitation of cell proliferation, usually through P2Y1Rs and sometimes through P2X7Rs. However, usually P2X7R activation causes necrosis/apoptosis of NPCs. Differentiation can be initiated by P2Y2R-activation or P2X7R-blockade. A key element in the transduction mechanism of either receptor is the increase of the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, which may arise due to its release from intracellular storage sites (G protein-coupling; P2Y) or due to its passage through the receptor-channel itself from the extracellular space (ATP-gated ion channel; P2X). Further research is needed to clarify how purinergic signaling controls NSC/NPC fate and how the balance between the quiescent and activated states is established with fine and dynamic regulation. GLIA 2017;65:213-230.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Peter Illes
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
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26
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Guo R, Zhang S, Xiao M, Qian F, He Z, Li D, Zhang X, Li H, Yang X, Wang M, Chai R, Tang M. Accelerating bioelectric functional development of neural stem cells by graphene coupling: Implications for neural interfacing with conductive materials. Biomaterials 2016; 106:193-204. [PMID: 27566868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to govern cell-specific behaviors in tissue engineering for neural repair and regeneration, a better understanding of material-cell interactions, especially the bioelectric functions, is extremely important. Graphene has been reported to be a potential candidate for use as a scaffold and neural interfacing material. However, the bioelectric evolvement of cell membranes on these conductive graphene substrates remains largely uninvestigated. In this study, we used a neural stem cell (NSC) model to explore the possible changes in membrane bioelectric properties - including resting membrane potentials and action potentials - and cell behaviors on graphene films under both proliferation and differentiation conditions. We used a combination of single-cell electrophysiological recordings and traditional cell biology techniques. Graphene did not affect the basic membrane electrical parameters (capacitance and input resistance), but resting membrane potentials of cells on graphene substrates were more strongly negative under both proliferation and differentiation conditions. Also, NSCs and their progeny on graphene substrates exhibited increased firing of action potentials during development compared to controls. However, graphene only slightly affected the electric characterizations of mature NSC progeny. The modulation of passive and active bioelectric properties on the graphene substrate was accompanied by enhanced NSC differentiation. Furthermore, spine density, synapse proteins expressions and synaptic activity were all increased in graphene group. Modeling of the electric field on conductive graphene substrates suggests that the electric field produced by the electronegative cell membrane is much higher on graphene substrates than that on control, and this might explain the observed changes of bioelectric development by graphene coupling. Our results indicate that graphene is able to accelerate NSC maturation during development, especially with regard to bioelectric evolvement. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of the role of conductive materials in tuning the membrane bioelectric properties in a graphene model and pave the way for future studies on the development of methods and materials for manipulating membrane properties in a controllable way for NSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Guo
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Miao Xiao
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fuping Qian
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zuhong He
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing Research Institute, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Ming Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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27
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Ernst C. Proliferation and Differentiation Deficits are a Major Convergence Point for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:290-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Toth AB, Shum AK, Prakriya M. Regulation of neurogenesis by calcium signaling. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:124-34. [PMID: 27020657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling has essential roles in the development of the nervous system from neural induction to the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural cells. Ca(2+) signaling pathways are shaped by interactions among metabotropic signaling cascades, intracellular Ca(2+) stores, ion channels, and a multitude of downstream effector proteins that activate specific genetic programs. The temporal and spatial dynamics of Ca(2+) signals are widely presumed to control the highly diverse yet specific genetic programs that establish the complex structures of the adult nervous system. Progress in the last two decades has led to significant advances in our understanding of the functional architecture of Ca(2+) signaling networks involved in neurogenesis. In this review, we assess the literature on the molecular and functional organization of Ca(2+) signaling networks in the developing nervous system and its impact on neural induction, gene expression, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Particular emphasis is placed on the growing evidence for the involvement of store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B Toth
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Andrew K Shum
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States.
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29
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Martínez-Mármol R, Comes N, Styrczewska K, Pérez-Verdaguer M, Vicente R, Pujadas L, Soriano E, Sorkin A, Felipe A. Unconventional EGF-induced ERK1/2-mediated Kv1.3 endocytosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 73:1515-28. [PMID: 26542799 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potassium channel Kv1.3 plays roles in immunity, neuronal development and sensory discrimination. Regulation of Kv1.3 by kinase signaling has been studied. In this context, EGF binds to specific receptors (EGFR) and triggers tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling, which down-regulates Kv1.3 currents. We show that Kv1.3 undergoes EGF-dependent endocytosis. This EGF-mediated mechanism is relevant because is involved in adult neural stem cell fate determination. We demonstrated that changes in Kv1.3 subcellular distribution upon EGFR activation were due to Kv1.3 clathrin-dependent endocytosis, which targets the Kv1.3 channels to the lysosomal degradative pathway. Interestingly, our results further revealed that relevant tyrosines and other interacting motifs, such as PDZ and SH3 domains, were not involved in the EGF-dependent Kv1.3 internalization. However, a new, and yet undescribed mechanism, of ERK1/2-mediated threonine phosphorylation is crucial for the EGF-mediated Kv1.3 endocytosis. Our results demonstrate that EGF triggers the down-regulation of Kv1.3 activity and its expression at the cell surface, which is important for the development and migration of adult neural progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Martínez-Mármol
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Biologia Celular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Comes
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katarzyna Styrczewska
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Pérez-Verdaguer
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Pujadas
- Departament de Biologia Celular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Soriano
- Departament de Biologia Celular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Vall d´Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR) and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain. .,Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Chen P, Wang L, Deng Q, Ruan H, Cai W. Alteration in rectification of potassium channels in perinatal hypoxia ischemia brain damage. J Neurophysiol 2014; 113:592-600. [PMID: 25355958 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00144.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are susceptible to perinatal hypoxia ischemia brain damage (HIBD), which results in infant cerebral palsy due to the effects on myelination. The origin of OPC vulnerability in HIBD, however, remains controversial. In this study, we defined the HIBD punctate lesions by MRI diffuse excessive high signal intensity (DEHSI) in postnatal 7-day-old rats. The electrophysiological functional properties of OPCs in HIBD were recorded by patch-clamp in acute cerebral cortex slices. The slices were intracellularly injected with Lucifer yellow and immunohistochemically labeled with NG2 antibody to identify local OPCs. Passive membrane properties and K(+) channel functions in OPCs were analyzed to estimate the onset of vulnerability in HIBD. The resting membrane potential, membrane resistance, and membrane capacitance of OPCs were increased in both the gray and white matter of the cerebral cortex. OPCs in both the gray and white matter exhibited voltage-dependent K(+) currents, which consisted of the initiated rectified potassium currents (IA) and the sustained rectified currents (IK). The significant alternation in membrane resistance was influenced by the diversity of potassium channel kinetics. These findings suggest that the rectification of IA and IK channels may play a significant role in OPC vulnerability in HIBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Liyan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiyue Deng
- Department of Neurobiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Huaizhen Ruan
- Department of Neurobiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
| | - Wenqin Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; and
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31
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Store-operated CRAC channels regulate gene expression and proliferation in neural progenitor cells. J Neurosci 2014; 34:9107-23. [PMID: 24990931 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0263-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signals regulate many critical processes during vertebrate brain development including neurogenesis, neurotransmitter specification, and axonal outgrowth. However, the identity of the ion channels mediating Ca(2+) signaling in the developing nervous system is not well defined. Here, we report that embryonic and adult mouse neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) exhibit store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) mediated by Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. SOCE in NPCs was blocked by the CRAC channel inhibitors La(3+), BTP2, and 2-APB and Western blots revealed the presence of the canonical CRAC channel proteins STIM1 and Orai1. Knock down of STIM1 or Orai1 significantly diminished SOCE in NPCs, and SOCE was lost in NPCs from transgenic mice lacking Orai1 or STIM1 and in knock-in mice expressing the loss-of-function Orai1 mutant, R93W. Therefore, STIM1 and Orai1 make essential contributions to SOCE in NPCs. SOCE in NPCs was activated by epidermal growth factor and acetylcholine, the latter occurring through muscarinic receptors. Activation of SOCE stimulated gene transcription through calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) signaling through a mechanism consistent with local Ca(2+) signaling by Ca(2+) microdomains near CRAC channels. Importantly, suppression or deletion of STIM1 and Orai1 expression significantly attenuated proliferation of embryonic and adult NPCs cultured as neurospheres and, in vivo, in the subventricular zone of adult mice. These findings show that CRAC channels serve as a major route of Ca(2+) entry in NPCs and regulate key effector functions including gene expression and proliferation, indicating that CRAC channels are important regulators of mammalian neurogenesis.
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32
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Chen D, Yu SP, Wei L. Ion channels in regulation of neuronal regenerative activities. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 5:156-62. [PMID: 24399572 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration of the nervous system is achieved by the regrowth of damaged neuronal axons, the restoration of damaged nerve cells, and the generation of new neurons to replace those that have been lost. In the central nervous system, the regenerative ability is limited by various factors including damaged oligodendrocytes that are essential for neuronal axon myelination, an emerging glial scar, and secondary injury in the surrounding areas. Stem cell transplantation therapy has been shown to be a promising approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases because of the regenerative capability of the stem cells that secrete neurotrophic factors and give rise to differentiated progeny. However, some issues of stem cell transplantation, such as survival, homing, and efficiency of neural differentiation after transplantation, still need to be improved. Ion channels allow for the exchange of ions between the intra- and extracellular spaces or between the cytoplasm and organelles. These ion channels maintain the ion homeostasis in the brain and play a key role in regulating the physiological function of the nervous system and allowing the processing of neuronal signals. In seeking a potential strategy to enhance the efficacy of stem cell therapy in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, this review briefly summarizes the roles of ion channels in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, chemotropic axon guidance of growth cones, and axon outgrowth after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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33
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Morgan PJ, Hübner R, Rolfs A, Frech MJ. Spontaneous Calcium Transients in Human Neural Progenitor Cells Mediated by Transient Receptor Potential Channels. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:2477-86. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Morgan
- University of Rostock, Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rayk Hübner
- University of Rostock, Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock, Germany
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- University of Rostock, Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Frech
- University of Rostock, Albrecht-Kossel-Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock, Germany
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34
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P2X7 receptors at adult neural progenitor cells of the mouse subventricular zone. Neuropharmacology 2013; 73:122-37. [PMID: 23727220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis requires the balance between the proliferation of newly formed progenitor cells and subsequent death of surplus cells. RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry demonstrated the presence of P2X7 receptor mRNA and immunoreactivity in cultured neural progenitor cells (NPCs) prepared from the adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ). Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed a marked potentiation of the inward current responses both to ATP and the prototypic P2X7 receptor agonist dibenzoyl-ATP (Bz-ATP) at low Ca(2+) and zero Mg(2+) concentrations in the bath medium. The Bz-ATP-induced currents reversed their polarity near 0 mV; in NPCs prepared from P2X7(-/-) mice, Bz-ATP failed to elicit membrane currents. The general P2X/P2Y receptor antagonist PPADS and the P2X7 selective antagonists Brilliant Blue G and A-438079 strongly depressed the effect of Bz-ATP. Long-lasting application of Bz-ATP induced an initial current, which slowly increased to a steady-state response. In combination with the determination of YO-PRO uptake, these experiments suggest the dilation of a receptor-channel and/or the recruitment of a dye-uptake pathway. Ca(2+)-imaging by means of Fura-2 revealed that in a Mg(2+)-deficient bath medium Bz-ATP causes [Ca(2+)](i) transients fully depending on the presence of external Ca(2+). The MTT test indicated a concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability by Bz-ATP treatment. Correspondingly, Bz-ATP led to an increase in active caspase 3 immunoreactivity, indicating a P2X7-controlled apoptosis. In acute SVZ brain slices of transgenic Tg(nestin/EGFP) mice, patch-clamp recordings identified P2X7 receptors at NPCs with pharmacological properties identical to those of their cultured counterparts. We suggest that the apoptotic/necrotic P2X7 receptors at NPCs may be of particular relevance during pathological conditions which lead to increased ATP release and thus could counterbalance the ensuing excessive cell proliferation.
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Key Words
- 2-MeSATP
- 2-methylthio ATP
- 2′(3′)-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine-5′-triphosphate
- 2′,3′-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5′-triphosphate
- 3-(4,5-dimethylthioazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromid
- 5-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzofuro[3,2-e]-1,4-diazepin-2-one
- 5-BDBD
- Adult neural progenitor cells
- BBG
- Brain subventricular zone
- Brilliant Blue G
- Bz-ATP
- CNS
- E(max)
- EC(50)
- EGF
- Extracellular ATP
- FGF-2
- GAPDH
- GFAP
- MTT
- Msi1
- NPC
- P2X7 receptors
- PPADS
- SVZ
- TNP-ATP
- X(2) concentration
- [Ca(2+)](i)
- central nervous system
- concentration of agonist producing 50% of E(max)
- divalent cation concentration
- epidermal growth factor
- fibroblast growth factor-2
- glial fibrillary acidic protein
- glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- intracellular Ca(2+) concentration
- maximal effect
- musashi1
- neural progenitor cell
- pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid
- subventricular zone
- wild-type
- wt
- α,β-meATP
- α,β-methylene ATP
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Chao J, Yang L, Buch S, Gao L. Angiotensin II increased neuronal stem cell proliferation: role of AT2R. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63488. [PMID: 23691054 PMCID: PMC3655161 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II), known a potent vasoactive substance in the renin-angiotensin system in the brain, plays a critical role in systemic blood pressure control. However, increasing evidence indicated that the physiological role of Ang II go beyond its vasoactive effect. In the present study, we demonstrated that Ang II type-1 receptor (AT1R) and type-2 receptor (AT2R) were expressed in primary rat hippocampal neuronal stem cells (NSCs). Treatment of rat hippocampal NSCs with Ang II increased cell proliferation. Pretreatment of NSCs with specific AT2R, but not AT1R, antagonist significantly suppressed Ang II-induced cell proliferation. Furthermore, Ang II stimulated ERK and Akt phosphorylation in NSCs. Pretreatment of MEK inhibitor, but not PI3K inhibitor, inhibited Ang II-induced ERK phosphorylation as well as cell proliferation. In addition, stimulation of NSCs with Ang II decreased expression of KV 1.2/KV 3.1 channels and blocked K+ currents which lie downstream of ERK activation. Taken together, these findings underpin the role of AT2R as a novel target that regulates cell proliferation mediated by Ang II with implications for therapeutic intervention for regulation of neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chao
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Yasuda T, Cuny H, Adams DJ. Kv3.1 channels stimulate adult neural precursor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. J Physiol 2013; 591:2579-91. [PMID: 23478135 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.249151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neural stem/precursor cells (NPCs) play a pivotal role in neuronal plasticity throughout life. Among ion channels identified in adult NPCs, voltage-gated delayed rectifier K(+) (KDR) channels are dominantly expressed. However, the KDR channel subtype and its physiological role are still undefined. We used real-time quantitative RT-PCR and gene knockdown techniques to identify a major functional KDR channel subtype in adult NPCs. Dominant mRNA expression of Kv3.1, a high voltage-gated KDR channel, was quantitatively confirmed. Kv3.1 gene knockdown with specific small interfering RNAs (siRNA) for Kv3.1 significantly inhibited Kv3.1 mRNA expression by 63.9% (P < 0.001) and KDR channel currents by 52.2% (P < 0.001). This indicates that Kv3.1 is the subtype responsible for producing KDR channel outward currents. Resting membrane properties, such as resting membrane potential, of NPCs were not affected by Kv3.1 expression. Kv3.1 knockdown with 300 nm siRNA inhibited NPC growth (increase in cell numbers) by 52.9% (P < 0.01). This inhibition was attributed to decreased cell proliferation, not increased cell apoptosis. We also established a convenient in vitro imaging assay system to evaluate NPC differentiation using NPCs from doublecortin-green fluorescent protein transgenic mice. Kv3.1 knockdown also significantly reduced neuronal differentiation by 31.4% (P < 0.01). We have demonstrated that Kv3.1 is a dominant functional KDR channel subtype expressed in adult NPCs and plays key roles in NPC proliferation and neuronal lineage commitment during differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yasuda
- Center for Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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37
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Jansson LC, Louhivuori L, Wigren HK, Nordström T, Louhivuori V, Castrén ML, Åkerman KE. Effect of glutamate receptor antagonists on migrating neural progenitor cells. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1369-82. [PMID: 23383979 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters such as glutamate are potential regulators of neurogenesis. Interference with defined glutamate receptor subtypes affects proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. The cellular targets for the actions of different glutamate receptor ligands are less well known. In this study we have combined calcium imaging, measurement of membrane potential, time-lapse imaging and immunocytochemistry to obtain a spatial overview of migrating mouse embryonic neural progenitor cell-derived cells responding to glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists. Responses via metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 correlated with radial glial cells and dominated in the inner migration zones close to the neurosphere. Block of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 resulted in shorter radial glial processes, a transient increase in neuron-like cells emerging from the neurosphere and increased motility of neuron-like cells. α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptors are present on the majority of migrating neuronal cells, which with time accumulate at the outer edge of the migration zone. Blocking these receptors leads to an enhanced extension of radial glial processes and a reduced motility of neuron-like cells. Our results indicate that functional glutamate receptors have profound effects on the motility of neural progenitor cells. The main target for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 appears to be radial glial cells while AMPA/kainate receptors are mainly expressed in newborn neuronal cells and regulate the migratory progress of these cells. The results suggest that both metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 and AMPA/kainate receptors are of importance for the guidance of migrating embryonic progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda C Jansson
- Biomedicum Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Gupta RK, Kanungo M. Glial molecular alterations with mouse brain development and aging: up-regulation of the Kir4.1 and aquaporin-4. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:59-67. [PMID: 22057895 PMCID: PMC3543735 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Glial cells, besides participating as passive supporting matrix, are also proposed to be involved in the optimization of the interstitial space for synaptic transmission by tight control of ionic and water homeostasis. In adult mouse brain, inwardly rectifying K+ (Kir4.1) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) channels localize to astroglial endfeets in contact with brain microvessels and glutamate synapses, optimizing clearance of extracellular K(+) and water from the synaptic layers. However, it is still unclear whether there is an age-dependent difference in the expressions of Kir4.1 and AQP4 channels specifically during postnatal development and aging when various marked changes occur in brain and if these changes region specific. RT-PCR and immunoblotting was conducted to compare the relative expression of Kir4.1 and AQP4 mRNA and protein in the early and mature postnatal (0-, 15-, 45-day), adult (20-week), and old age (70-week) mice cerebral and cerebellar cortices. Expressions of Kir4.1 and AQP4 mRNA and protein are very low at 0-day. A pronounced and continuous increase was observed by mature postnatal ages (15-, 45-days). However, in the 70-week-old mice, expressions are significantly up-regulated as compared to 20-week-old mice. Both genes follow the same age-related pattern in both cerebral and cerebellar cortices. The time course and expression pattern suggests that Kir4.1 and AQP4 channels may play an important role in brain K(+) and water homeostasis in early postnatal weeks after birth and during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaneesh Kumar Gupta
- Molecular Biology & Biochemistry Lab., Centre of Advance Study in Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Bioelectric state and cell cycle control of Mammalian neural stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:816049. [PMID: 23024660 PMCID: PMC3447385 DOI: 10.1155/2012/816049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerted action of ion channels and pumps establishing a resting membrane potential has been most thoroughly studied in the context of excitable cells, most notably neurons, but emerging evidences indicate that they are also involved in controlling proliferation and differentiation of nonexcitable somatic stem cells. The importance of understanding stem cell contribution to tissue formation during embryonic development, adult homeostasis, and regeneration in disease has prompted many groups to study and manipulate the membrane potential of stem cells in a variety of systems. In this paper we aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the role of ion channels and pumps in the context of mammalian corticogenesis with particular emphasis on their contribution to the switch of neural stem cells from proliferation to differentiation and generation of more committed progenitors and neurons, whose lineage during brain development has been recently elucidated.
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Large Pore Ion and Metabolite-Permeable Channel Regulation of Postnatal Ventricular Zone Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells: Interplay between Aquaporins, Connexins, and Pannexins? Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:454180. [PMID: 22754577 PMCID: PMC3382389 DOI: 10.1155/2012/454180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The birth of new neurons from unspecialized neural stem and progenitor cells surrounding the lateral ventricles occurs throughout postnatal life. This process, termed neurogenesis, is complex and multistepped, encompassing several types of cellular behaviours, such as proliferation, differentiation, and migration. These behaviours are influenced by numerous factors present in the unique, permissive microenvironment. A major cellular mechanism for sensing the plethora of environmental cues directing this process is the presence of different channel forming proteins spanning the plasma membrane. So-called large pore membrane channels, which are selective for the passage of specific types of small molecules and ions, are emerging as an important subgroup of channel proteins. Here, we focus on the roles of three such large pore channels, aquaporin 4, connexin 43, and pannexin 1. We highlight both their independent functions as well as the accumulating evidence for crosstalk between them.
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He XB, Yi SH, Rhee YH, Kim H, Han YM, Lee SH, Lee H, Park CH, Lee YS, Richardson E, Kim BW, Lee SH. Prolonged membrane depolarization enhances midbrain dopamine neuron differentiation via epigenetic histone modifications. Stem Cells 2012; 29:1861-73. [PMID: 21922608 DOI: 10.1002/stem.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding midbrain dopamine (DA) neuron differentiation is of importance, because of physiological and clinical implications of this neuronal subtype. We show that prolonged membrane depolarization induced by KCl treatment promotes DA neuron differentiation from neural precursor cells (NPCs) derived from embryonic ventral midbrain (VM). Interestingly, the depolarization-induced increase of DA neuron yields was not abolished by L-type calcium channel blockers, along with no depolarization-mediated change of intracellular calcium level in the VM-derived NPCs (VM-NPCs), suggesting that the depolarization effect is due to a calcium-independent mechanism. Experiments with labeled DA neuron progenitors indicate that membrane depolarization acts at the differentiation fate determination stage and promotes the expression of DA phenotype genes (tyrosine hydroxylase [TH] and DA transporter [DAT]). Recruitment of Nurr1, a transcription factor crucial for midbrain DA neuron development, to the promoter of TH gene was enhanced by depolarization, along with increases of histone 3 acetylation (H3Ac) and trimethylation of histone3 on lysine 4 (H3K4m3), and decreases of H3K9m3 and H3K27m3 in the consensus Nurr1 binding regions of TH promoter. Depolarization stimuli on differentiating VM-NPCs also induced dissociation of methyl CpG binding protein 2 and related repressor complex molecules (repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor corepressor and histone deacetylase 1) from the CpG sites of TH and DAT promoters. Based on these findings, we suggest that membrane depolarization promotes DA neuron differentiation by opening chromatin structures surrounding DA phenotype genes and inhibiting the binding of corepressors, thus allowing transcriptional activators such as Nurr1 to access DA neuron differentiation gene promoter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Biao He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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43
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Effects of acute hypoxia/acidosis on intracellular pH in differentiating neural progenitor cells. Brain Res 2012; 1461:10-23. [PMID: 22608071 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The response of differentiating mouse neural progenitor cells, migrating out from neurospheres, to conditions simulating ischemia (hypoxia and extracellular or intracellular acidosis) was studied. We show here, by using BCECF and single cell imaging to monitor intracellular pH (pH(i)), that two main populations can be distinguished by exposing migrating neural progenitor cells to low extracellular pH or by performing an acidifying ammonium prepulse. The cells dominating at the periphery of the neurosphere culture, which were positive for neuron specific markers MAP-2, calbindin and NeuN had lower initial resting pH(i) and could also easily be further acidified by lowering the extracellular pH. Moreover, in this population, a more profound acidification was seen when the cells were acidified using the ammonium prepulse technique. However, when the cell population was exposed to depolarizing potassium concentrations no alterations in pH(i) took place in this population. In contrast, depolarization caused an increase in pH(i) (by 0.5 pH units) in the cell population closer to the neurosphere body, which region was positive for the radial cell marker (GLAST). This cell population, having higher resting pH(i) (pH 6.9-7.1) also responded to acute hypoxia. During hypoxic treatment the resting pH(i) decreased by 0.1 pH units and recovered rapidly after reoxygenation. Our results show that migrating neural progenitor cells are highly sensitive to extracellular acidosis and that irreversible damage becomes evident at pH 6.2. Moreover, our results show that a response to acidosis clearly distinguishes two individual cell populations probably representing neuronal and radial cells.
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Swayne LA, Wicki-Stordeur L. Ion channels in postnatal neurogenesis: potential targets for brain repair. Channels (Austin) 2012; 6:69-74. [PMID: 22614818 DOI: 10.4161/chan.19721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSC/NPCs) are unspecialized cells found in the adult peri-ventricular and sub-granular zones that are capable of self-renewal, migration, and differentiation into new neurons through the remarkable process of postnatal neurogenesis. We are now beginning to understand that the concerted action of ion channels, multi-pass transmembrane proteins that allow passage of ions across otherwise impermeable cellular membranes tightly regulate this process. Specific ion channels control proliferation, differentiation and survival. Furthermore, they have the potential to be highly selective drug targets due to their complex structures. As such, these proteins represent intriguing prospects for control and optimization of postnatal neurogenesis for neural regeneration following brain injury or disease. Here, we concentrate on ion channels identified in adult ventricular zone NSC/NPCs that have been found to influence the stages of neurogenesis. Finally, we outline the potential of these channels to elicit repair, and highlight the outstanding challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Anne Swayne
- Division of Medical Sciences; Island Medical Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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Lu J, Lian G, Zhou H, Esposito G, Steardo L, Delli-Bovi LC, Hecht JL, Lu QR, Sheen V. OLIG2 over-expression impairs proliferation of human Down syndrome neural progenitors. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2330-40. [PMID: 22343408 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental retardation and early Alzheimer's disease (AD) have generally been attributed to progressive neuronal loss in the developing and mature Down syndrome (DS) brain. However, reduced neuronal production during development could also contribute to the smaller brain size and simplified gyral patterning seen in this disorder. Here, we show impairments in proliferation within the ventricular zone (VZ) of early DS fetal cortex and in cultured early passage DS human neural progenitors (HNPs). We find that the reduced proliferative rates correspond temporally with increased expression of the chromosome 21 (HSA21) associated, oligodendrocyte transcription factor OLIG2 at 14-18 weeks gestational age (GA) (period of neurogenesis). Moreover, the DS HNPs adopt more oligodendrocyte-specific features including increased oligodendrocyte marker expression, as well as a reduction in KCNA3 potassium channel expression and function. We further show that OLIG2 inhibition or over-expression regulates potassium channel expression levels and that activation or inhibition of these channels influences the rate of progenitor proliferation. Finally, neural progenitors from Olig2 over-expressing transgenic mice exhibit these same impairments in proliferation and potassium channel expression. These findings suggest that OLIG2 over-expression inhibits neural progenitor proliferation through changes in potassium channel activity, thereby contributing to the reduced neuronal numbers and brain size in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lu
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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46
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Li GR, Deng XL. Functional ion channels in stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2011; 3:19-24. [PMID: 21607133 PMCID: PMC3097936 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v3.i3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrical signals generated by ion channels play crucial roles in excitation genesis and impulse conduction in excitable cells as well as in cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis in proliferative cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that multiple ion channels are heterogeneously present in different stem cells; however, patterns and phenotypes of ion channels are species- and/or origin-dependent. This editorial review focuses on the recent findings related to the expression of functional ion channels and the roles of these channels in regulation of cell proliferation in stem cells. Additional effort is required in the future to clarify the ion channel expression in different types of stem cells; special attention should be paid to the relationship between ion channels and stem cell proliferation, migration and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Rong Li
- Gui-Rong Li, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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Jang SS, Park J, Hur SW, Hong YH, Hur J, Chae JH, Kim SK, Kim J, Kim HS, Kim SJ. Endothelial progenitor cells functionally express inward rectifier potassium channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C150-61. [PMID: 21411724 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00002.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the first isolation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from human peripheral blood in 1997, many researchers have conducted studies to understand the characteristics and therapeutic effects of EPCs in vascular disease models. Nevertheless, the electrophysiological properties of EPCs have yet to be clearly elucidated. The inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir) performs a major role in controlling the membrane potential and cellular events. Here, via the whole cell patch-clamp technique, we found inwardly rectifying currents in EPCs and that these currents were inhibited by Ba(2+) (100 μM) and Cs(+) (1 mM), known as Kir blockers, in a dose-dependent manner (Ba(2+), 91.2 ± 1.4% at -140 mV and Cs(+), 76.1 ± 6.9% at -140 mV, respectively). Next, using DiBAC(3), a fluorescence indicator of membrane potential, we verified that Ba(2+) induced an increase of fluorescence in EPCs (10 μM, 123 ± 2.8%), implying the depolarization of EPCs. At the mRNA and protein levels, we confirmed the existence of several Kir subtypes, including Kir2.x, 3.x, 4.x, and 6.x. In a functional experiment, we observed that, in the presence of Ba(2+), the number of tubes on Matrigel formed by EPCs was dose-dependently reduced (10 μM, 62.3 ± 6.5%). In addition, the proliferation of EPCs was increased in a dose-dependent fashion (10 μM, 157.9 ± 17.4%), and specific inhibition of Kir2.1 by small interfering RNA also increased the proliferation of EPCs (116.2 ± 2.5%). Our results demonstrate that EPCs express several types of Kir which may modulate the endothelial function and proliferation of EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Soo Jang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Potassium channel expression in adult murine neural progenitor cells. Neuroscience 2011; 180:19-29. [PMID: 21329741 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are a source of new neurons and glia in the adult brain. Most NPCs reside in the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) and in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, where they contribute to plasticity in the adult brain. To use their potential for repair, it is essential to identify the molecules that regulate their growth, migration and differentiation. Potassium (K+) channels are promising molecule candidates for NPC regulation as they are important components of signal transduction and their diversity is ideal to cover the complex functions required for cell proliferation and differentiation. There is increasing evidence that K+ channels influence cell growth and neurogenesis, however, very little is known regarding K+ channel distribution in NPCs. We therefore explored the expression of a variety of voltage-gated (Kv), inwardly rectifying (Kir) and two-pore (K2P) K+ channels in the SVZ of adult mice and in neurosphere cultures of NPCs during growth and differentiation. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed a differential expression pattern of K+ channels in nestin+ SVZ precursor cells, early SVZ doublecortin+ neurons and (sub)ependymal cells. These findings were confirmed in neurosphere cultures at the protein and mRNA levels. The expression of some K+ channel proteins, such as Kir4.1, Kir6.1, TREK1 or TASK1, suggests a role of K+ channels in the complex regulation of NPC proliferation, maturation and differentiation.
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Prajerova I, Honsa P, Chvatal A, Anderova M. Distinct effects of sonic hedgehog and Wnt-7a on differentiation of neonatal neural stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Neuroscience 2010; 171:693-711. [PMID: 20868729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Wnt-7a are morphogens involved in embryonic as well as ongoing adult neurogenesis. Their effects on the differentiation and membrane properties of neonatal neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) were studied in vitro using NS/PCs transduced with either Shh or Wnt-7a. Eight days after the onset of in vitro differentiation the cells were analyzed for the expression of neuronal and glial markers using immunocytochemical and Western blot analysis, and their membrane properties were characterized using the patch-clamp technique. Our results showed that both Shh and Wnt-7a increased the numbers of cells expressing neuronal markers; however, quantitative immunocytochemical analysis showed that only Wnt-7a enhanced the outgrowth and the development of processes in these cells. In addition, Wnt-7a markedly suppressed gliogenesis. The electrophysiological analysis revealed that Wnt-7a increased, while Shh decreased the incidence of cells displaying a neuron-like current pattern, represented by outwardly rectifying K(+) currents and tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) currents. Additionally, Wnt-7a increased cell proliferation only at the early stages of differentiation, while Shh promoted proliferation within the entire course of differentiation. Thus we can conclude that Shh and Wnt-7a interfere differently with the process of neuronal differentiation and that they promote distinct stages of neuronal differentiation in neonatal NS/PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Prajerova
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Yasuda T, Adams DJ. Physiological roles of ion channels in adult neural stem cells and their progeny. J Neurochem 2010; 114:946-59. [PMID: 20492359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the machinery of adult neurogenesis is indispensable for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by therapeutic drugs and/or by neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation. It is well known that membrane ion channels play a critical role in cell function, including proliferation, apoptosis and migration in a wide range of cells. In NSC research, interdisciplinary collaboration between cell biologists and membrane physiologists has been pursued principally to monitor ion channel and synaptic currents as a hallmark of neuronal differentiation and maturation of NSC progeny. Nevertheless, less attention had been paid to a functional role of ion channels in NSCs or their immature progeny. Recently, however, evidence regarding their functional relevance has started to accumulate. In focusing on the early stages of the neurogenic process during which NSCs give rise to neuroblasts, this review highlights the latent ability of ion channels to act as functional regulators of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yasuda
- Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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