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Houminer-Klepar N, Bord S, Epel E, Baron-Epel O. Are pregnancy and parity associated with telomere length? A systematic review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:733. [PMID: 37848852 PMCID: PMC10583451 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women's reproduction requires increased energy demands, which consequently may lead to cellular damage and aging. Hence, Telomere Length (TL), a biomarker of biological aging and health status may possibly serve as a biomarker of reproductive effort. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate telomere dynamics throughout pregnancy and the association between parity and TL. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across seven databases including CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, Proquest, PubMed; Scopus; and Web of Science, using keywords and MeSH descriptors of parity and TL. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen abstracts and titles. After the removal of duplicates, 3431 articles were included in the primary screening, narrowed to 194 articles included in the full-text screening. Consensus was reached for the 14 studies that were included in the final review, and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was utilized to assess the quality of the selected studies. A mini meta-analysis utilized JASP 0.17.3 software and included 4 applicable studies, comprising a total of 2564 participants to quantitatively assess the estimated effect size of parity on TL. RESULTS Of the 11 studies reviewed on parity and TL, four demonstrated a negative correlation; one - a positive correlation and six -found no correlation. Studies demonstrating a negative correlation encompassed rigorous methodological practices possibly suggesting having more children is associated with enhanced telomere attrition. Of the four longitudinal studies assessing telomere dynamics throughout pregnancy, most found no change in TL from early pregnancy to postpartum suggesting pregnancy does not affect TL from early pregnancy to early postpartum. The meta-analysis revealed a negative, yet, non-significant effect, of the estimated effect size of parity on TL(ES = -0.009, p = 0.126, CI -0.021, 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Studies assessing pregnancy, parity and TL yielded mixed results, most likely due to the different research methods utilized in each study. Improvements in study design to better understand the short-term effects of pregnancy on TL and the effect of parity on TL over time, include precise definitions of parity, comparisons of different age groups, inclusion of reproductive lifespan and statistically adjusting for potential confounders in the parity and TL relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourit Houminer-Klepar
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Shiran Bord
- Health Systems Management Department, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, 1930600, Yezreel Valley, Israel
| | - Elissa Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, 675 18th St, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA
| | - Orna Baron-Epel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 31905, Haifa, Israel
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Quinn EB, Hsiao CJ, Maisha FM, Mulligan CJ. Low birthweight is associated with epigenetic age acceleration in the first 3 years of life. Evol Med Public Health 2023; 11:251-261. [PMID: 37485054 PMCID: PMC10360162 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis posits that early life adversity is associated with poor adult health outcomes. Epidemiological evidence has supported this framework by linking low birthweight with adult health and mortality, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Accelerated epigenetic aging may be a pathway to connect early life experiences with adult health outcomes, based on associations of accelerated epigenetic aging with increased morbidity and mortality. Methodology Sixty-seven mother-infant dyads were recruited in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Birthweight data were collected at birth, and blood samples were collected at birth and follow-up visits up to age 3. DNA methylation data were generated with the Illumina MethylationEPIC array and used to estimate epigenetic age. A multilevel model was used to test for associations between birthweight and epigenetic age acceleration. Results Chronological age was highly correlated with epigenetic age from birth to age 3 (r = 0.95, p < 2.2 × 10-16). Variation in epigenetic age acceleration increased over time. Birthweight, dichotomized around 2500 g, predicted epigenetic age acceleration over the first 3 years of life (b = -0.39, p = 0.005). Conclusions and implications Our longitudinal analysis provides the first evidence for accelerated epigenetic aging that emerges between birth and age 3 and associates with low birthweight. These results suggest that early life experiences, such as low birthweight, may shape the trajectory of epigenetic aging in early childhood. Furthermore, accelerated epigenetic aging may be a pathway that links low birthweight and poor adult health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Quinn
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Chu J Hsiao
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Felicien M Maisha
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- HEAL Africa Hospital, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Maisha Institute, Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Connie J Mulligan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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3
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Jáni M, Zacková L, Piler P, Andrýsková L, Brázdil M, Marečková K. Birth outcomes, puberty onset, and obesity as long-term predictors of biological aging in young adulthood. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1100237. [PMID: 36704790 PMCID: PMC9873383 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biological aging and particularly the deviations between biological and chronological age are better predictors of health than chronological age alone. However, the predictors of accelerated biological aging are not very well understood. The aim was to determine the role of birth outcomes, time of puberty onset, body mass index (BMI), and body fat in accelerated biological aging in the third decade of life. Methods We have conducted a second follow-up of the Czech part of the European Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ELSPAC-CZ) prenatal birth cohort in young adulthood (52% male; age 28-30; n = 262) to determine the role of birth outcomes, pubertal timing, BMI, and body fat on biological aging. Birth outcomes included birth weight, length, and gestational age at birth. Pubertal timing was determined by the presence of secondary sexual characteristics at the age of 11 and the age of first menarche in women. Biological age was estimated using the Klemera-Doubal Method (KDM), which applies 9-biomarker algorithm including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), systolic blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, C-reactive protein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase. Accelerated/decelerated aging was determined as the difference between biological and chronological age (BioAGE). Results The deviations between biological and chronological age in young adulthood ranged from -2.84 to 4.39 years. Accelerated biological aging was predicted by higher BMI [in both early (R2 adj = 0.05) and late 20s (R2 adj = 0.22)], subcutaneous (R2 adj = 0.21) and visceral fat (R2 adj = 0.25), puberty onset (η p 2 = 0.07), birth length (R2 adj = 0.03), and the increase of BMI over the 5-year period between the two follow-ups in young adulthood (R2 adj = 0.09). Single hierarchical model revealed that shorter birth length, early puberty onset, and greater levels of visceral fat were the main predictors, together explaining 21% of variance in accelerated biological aging. Conclusion Our findings provide comprehensive support of the Life History Theory, suggesting that early life adversity might trigger accelerated aging, which leads to earlier onset of puberty but decreasing fitness in adulthood, reflected by more visceral fat and higher BMI. Our findings also suggest that reduction of BMI in young adulthood slows down biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jáni
- Brain and Mind Research, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lenka Zacková
- Brain and Mind Research, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia,Department of Neurology, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pavel Piler
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | | | - Milan Brázdil
- Brain and Mind Research, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia,Department of Neurology, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Klára Marečková
- Brain and Mind Research, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Klára Mare čková,
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Robertson OC, Marceau K, Moding KJ, Knopik VS. Developmental pathways linking obesity risk and early puberty: The thrifty phenotype and fetal overnutrition hypotheses. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2022.101048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Bolhuis E, Belsky J, Frankenhuis WE, Shalev I, Hastings WJ, Tollenaar MS, O’Donnell KJ, McGill MG, Pokhvisneva I, Lin DT, MacIsaac JL, Kobor MS, de Weerth C, Beijers R. Attachment insecurity and the biological embedding of reproductive strategies: Investigating the role of cellular aging. Biol Psychol 2022; 175:108446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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The association between allostatic load and brain: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 145:105917. [PMID: 36113380 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Allostatic load (AL) refers to prolonged dysregulation related to chronic stress that affects brain regions such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Higher levels of AL have been associated with poor health outcomes, including psychiatric disorders, cognitive decline, and chronic somatic conditions. However, still little is known about the relationship between AL and the brain, and the mechanisms explaining the damaging effects of stress-related biological dysregulations. Therefore, we aimed to perform a systematic review of studies investigating the association of the AL index with brain structure and functioning in adult populations. PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete and Web of Science were searched from their inception until August, 9th 2021. A total of 13 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. There was a high between-study heterogeneity with respect to the methods used to calculate the AL index and brain parameters. All studies confirmed the associations between a higher AL index and alterations in various brain areas, especially: 1) the hippocampus, white matter volume, gray matter volume, and density in the older adults; 2) the cortex, fornix, hippocampus and choroid plexus in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders; and 3) whole-brain white matter tracts, cortical gray matter volume, and cortical thickness in overweight subjects. Overall, the findings of this systematic review imply that an elevated AL index might be associated with various neurostructural and neurofunctional alterations. Some of these associations may appear regardless of clinical or non-clinical populations being investigated (e.g., white matter tracts), whereas others may appear in specific populations (e.g., cortical thinning in overweight/obesity and schizophrenia spectrum disorders). However, additional studies utilizing a consistent approach to calculating the AL index are needed to extend these findings and indicate populations that are most vulnerable to the damaging effects of AL.
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Cong T, Hall AJ, Jia Z, Christiano A, Elsevier HCK, Cheung ZB, Wellman D, Forsh D, Lane JM. Conceptualizing Biological Aging and Frailty in Orthopaedics: A Framework for Clinical Practice. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:1212-1222. [PMID: 35275895 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
➤ Biological aging can best be conceptualized clinically as a combination of 3 components: frailty, comorbidity, and disability. ➤ Despite advancements in the understanding of senescence, chronological age remains the best estimate of biological age. However, a useful exercise for practitioners is to look beyond chronological age in clinical and surgical decision-making. ➤ A chronologically aging person does not age biologically at the same rate. ➤ The best way to understand frailty is to consider it as a physical phenotype. ➤ Physical optimization should parallel medical optimization before elective surgery. ➤ The poorer the host (both in terms of bone quality and propensity for healing), the more robust the implant construct must be to minimize reliance on host biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Arielle J Hall
- Rowan School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey
| | - Zhimeng Jia
- Temmy Latner Centre for Palliative Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Christiano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Hannah C K Elsevier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zoe B Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - David Wellman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Westchester Medical Center, Westchester, New York
| | - David Forsh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Joseph M Lane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
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8
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Bertele N, Karabatsiakis A, Talmon A, Buss C. Biochemical clusters predict mortality and reported inability to work 10 years later. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 21:100432. [PMID: 35252892 PMCID: PMC8892089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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9
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Sun S, Sheridan M, Tyrka A, Donofry SD, Erickson K, Loucks E. Addressing the biological embedding of early life adversities (ELA) among adults through mindfulness: Proposed mechanisms and review of converging evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134:104526. [PMID: 34998833 PMCID: PMC8844271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early life adversities (ELA) are prevalent and have a profound and adverse impact across the lifespan, including on age-related health outcomes, yet interventions to remediate its adverse impact are scarce. This paper presents evidence for mindfulness training to reduce the elevated mental and physical health risks linked to ELA among adults by targeting biological mechanisms of ELA leading to these adverse health outcomes. We first provide a brief overview of ELA, its adverse health impacts, and mechanisms that might be responsible. Next, we review converging evidence that demonstrates that mindfulness training influences key biological pathways involved in ELA-linked negative health consequences, including (a) brain networks involved in self-regulation, (b) immunity and inflammation, (c) telomere biology, and (d) epigenetic modifications. Further, we review preliminary evidence from mindfulness-based trials that focused on populations impacted by ELA. We discuss limitations of this review and provide recommendations for future research. If effective, a mindfulness-based approach could be an important public health strategy for remediating the adverse mental and physical health consequences of ELA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, United States; Mindfulness Center at Brown University, United States.
| | - Margaret Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Audrey Tyrka
- Initiative on Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Alpert Medical School
| | | | - Kirk Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eric Loucks
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health,Mindfulness Center at Brown University
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10
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Zhang Z, Chen H, Yu P, Ge C, Fang M, Zhao X, Geng Q, Wang H. Inducible factors and interaction of pulmonary fibrosis induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure in offspring rats. Toxicol Lett 2022; 359:65-72. [PMID: 35143883 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) and susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis in offspring. Healthy female Wistar rats were given dexamethasone (0.2 mg/kg.d) or an equal volume of normal saline subcutaneously from 9 to 20 days after conception. Some of their female offspring underwent ovariectomy (OV) at 22 weeks after birth. All animals were euthanized at 28 weeks after birth. The morphological changes related to pulmonary fibrosis and extracellular matrix-related gene expression were detected, and Two-way ANOVA analyzed the interaction between PDE and OV. The results showed that adult offspring rats in FD group (female rats with PDE treatment) had early pulmonary fibrosis changes, such as pulmonary interstitial thickening, and increased expression of type IV collagen (COL4), α -smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN) in lung tissues compared with those in FC group (female rats with saline treatment). In addition, adult offspring rats in FDO group (female rats with PDE and OV treatment) showed signs of pulmonary fibrosis, including apparent extracellular matrix deposition, increased lung injury scores (P<0.01, P<0.05), and extracellular matrix related gene expression (P<0.01, P<0.05), compared with rats in FDS (female rats with PDE treatment alone) or rats in FCO group (female rats with OV treatment alone). Moreover, PDE and OV had an interactive effect on the development of pulmonary fibrosis in female adult offspring. This study first reported the correlation between PDE and susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis in female offspring rats, as well as the synergistic effect of PDE and OV in this pathological event, which provided a basis for further understanding of the pathogenesis of fetal originated pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Rd, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Pengxia Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Caiyun Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Man Fang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Rd, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, China.
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Donofry SD, Stillman CM, Hanson JL, Sheridan M, Sun S, Loucks EB, Erickson KI. Promoting brain health through physical activity among adults exposed to early life adversity: Potential mechanisms and theoretical framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:688-703. [PMID: 34624365 PMCID: PMC8642290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences such as abuse, neglect, and poverty, profoundly alter neurobehavioral development in a manner that negatively impacts health across the lifespan. Adults who have been exposed to such adversities exhibit premature and more severe age-related declines in brain health. Unfortunately, it remains unclear whether the negative effects of early life adversity (ELA) on brain health can be remediated through intervention in adulthood. Physical activity may represent a low-cost behavioral approach to address the long-term consequences of ELA on brain health. However, there has been limited research examining the impact of physical activity on brain health among adults with a history of ELA. Accordingly, the purpose of this review is to (1) review the influence of ELA on brain health in adulthood and (2) highlight evidence for the role of neurotrophic factors, hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis regulation, inflammatory processes, and epigenetic modifications in mediating the effects of both ELA and physical activity on brain health outcomes in adulthood. We then propose a theoretical framework to guide future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D Donofry
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Psychiatric and Behavioral Health Institute, Allegheny Health Network Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
| | - Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jamie L Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Margaret Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Shufang Sun
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States; Mindfulness Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Eric B Loucks
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States; Mindfulness Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Murdoch University, College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Maternal-Child Health Outcomes from Pre- to Post-Implementation of a Trauma-Informed Care Initiative in the Prenatal Care Setting: A Retrospective Study. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8111061. [PMID: 34828774 PMCID: PMC8622334 DOI: 10.3390/children8111061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: There has been an increase in use of trauma-informed care (TIC) approaches, which can include screening for maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) during prenatal care. However, there is a paucity of research showing that TIC approaches are associated with improvements in maternal or offspring health outcomes. Using retrospective file review, the current study evaluated whether differences in pregnancy health and infant birth outcomes were observed from before to after the implementation of a TIC approach in a low-risk maternity clinic, serving women of low medical risk. Methods: Demographic and health data were extracted from the medical records of 601 women (n = 338 TIC care, n = 263 pre-TIC initiative) who received prenatal care at a low-risk maternity clinic. Cumulative risk scores for maternal pregnancy health and infant birth outcomes were completed by health professionals. Results: Using independent chi-squared tests, the proportion of women without pregnancy health risks did not differ for women from before to after the implementation of TIC, χ2 (2, 601) = 3.75, p = 0.15. Infants of mothers who received TIC were less likely to have a health risk at birth, χ2 (2, 519) = 6.17, p = 0.046. Conclusion: A TIC approach conveyed modest benefits for infant outcomes, but not maternal health in pregnancy. Future research examining other potential benefits of TIC approaches are needed including among women of high socio-demographic and medical risk.
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van Roessel L, Racine N, Dobson K, Killam T, Madigan S. Does screening for maternal ACEs in prenatal care predict pregnancy health risk above and beyond demographic and routine mental health screening? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 121:105256. [PMID: 34416473 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including abuse, neglect, and/or household dysfunction, are associated with physical and mental health difficulties in pregnancy and the postpartum period. These associations have prompted the adoption of screening for ACEs in prenatal care settings; however, little is known about whether asking about ACEs in the prenatal care context is additive to other forms of routine prenatal demographic and mental health screening. OBJECTIVE To identify whether ACEs are predictive of cumulative pregnancy health risk and identify whether ACEs predict maternal health risks in pregnancy above and beyond screening for financial stress, depression, and anxiety. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The electronic medical records of three hundred and thirty-eight patients who accessed prenatal care at a low-risk primary care maternity clinic were included. METHODS Women retrospectively self-reported their ACEs during their second prenatal primary care visit (~20 weeks' gestation) and reported financial stress as well as their depressive and anxious symptoms using the PHQ-2 and GAD-2. Health risk factors and complications were documented by healthcare providers in the files at birth. Approximately 32% of patients reported at least one ACE. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that after accounting for financial stress, neither depression nor anxiety predicted cumulative health risk in the antenatal period. ACEs significantly predicted cumulative health risk (B = 0.14, p = .02) and an additional 1.7% of variance in the outcome. However, the model only accounted for 5.0% of the variance in cumulative health risk. CONCLUSIONS The total health risk predicted by demographic and ACEs screening is modest in this low-risk sample. Additional research on the implications of broader trauma-informed approaches is needed to evaluate their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan van Roessel
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicole Racine
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, 3B2X9, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Keith Dobson
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Teresa Killam
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Riley Park Maternity Clinic, 130 1402 8 Ave NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1B9, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, 3B2X9, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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14
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Sierra-Fonseca JA, Hamdan JN, Cohen AA, Cardenas SM, Saucedo S, Lodoza GA, Gosselink KL. Neonatal Maternal Separation Modifies Proteostasis Marker Expression in the Adult Hippocampus. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:661993. [PMID: 34447296 PMCID: PMC8383781 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.661993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to early-life stress (ELS) can persistently modify neuronal circuits and functions, and contribute to the expression of misfolded and aggregated proteins that are hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases. The healthy brain is able to clear dysfunctional proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Accumulating evidence indicates that impairment of these pathways contributes to enhanced protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. While stress is a known precipitant of neurological decline, few specific mechanistic links underlying this relationship have been identified. We hypothesized that neonatal maternal separation (MatSep), a well-established model of ELS, has the ability to alter the levels of UPS and ALP components in the brain, and thus has the potential to disrupt proteostasis. The expression of proteostasis-associated protein markers was evaluated by immunoblotting in the hippocampus and cortex of adult Wistar rats that were previously subjected to MatSep. We observed multiple sex- and MatSep-specific changes in the expression of proteins in the ALP, mitophagy, and UPS pathways, particularly in the hippocampus of adult animals. In contrast, MatSep had limited influence on proteostasis marker expression in the cortex of adult animals. Our results indicate that MatSep can selectively modify the intracellular protein degradation machinery in ways that may impact the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Sierra-Fonseca
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jameel N Hamdan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Alexis A Cohen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA, United States
| | - Sonia M Cardenas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Sigifredo Saucedo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Gabriel A Lodoza
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Kristin L Gosselink
- Department of Biological Sciences and Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States.,Department of Physiology and Pathology, Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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15
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Plamondon A, Racine N, McDonald S, Tough S, Madigan S. Disentangling adversity timing and type: Contrasting theories in the context of maternal prenatal physical and mental health using latent formative models. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 34:1-13. [PMID: 34016211 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Research on the effects of adversity has led to mounting interest in examining the differential impact of adversity as a function of its timing and type. The current study examines whether the effects of different types (i.e., physical, sexual, and emotional abuse) and timing (i.e., early, middle childhood, adolescence, or adulthood) of adversity on maternal mental and physical health outcomes in pregnancy, are best accounted for by a cumulative model or independent effects model. Women from a prospective pregnancy cohort (N =3,362) reported retrospectively on their experiences of adversity (i.e., physical, sexual, and emotional abuse) in early childhood (0-5 years], middle childhood (6-12 years], adolescence (13-18 years], and adulthood (19+ years]. Measures of overall health, stress, anxiety, and depression were gathered in pregnancy. Results showed that a cumulative formative latent model was selected as more parsimonious than a direct effects model. Results also supported a model where the strength of the effect of adversity did not vary across abuse timing or type. Thus, cumulative adversity resulted in greater physical and mental health difficulties. In conclusion, cumulative adversity is a more parsimonious predictor of maternal physical and mental health outcomes than adversity at any one specific adversity timing or subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Plamondon
- Department of Educational Fundamentals and Practices, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicole Racine
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sheila McDonald
- Departments of Paediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Departments of Paediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
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16
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Akintayo-Usman NO, Usman SO. Comparative analysis of ageing in Nigeria and United Kingdom using life course approach: the implication for the Nursing profession in Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:411. [PMID: 34381555 PMCID: PMC8325470 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.411.22272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The population of Nigerian older persons is expected to reach 26 million by 2050 from 9 million reported in 2016. This population change has several implications, thus the need to pay attention to healthy ageing. Hence, this report aims to compare ageing and its facilitators in Nigeria and the United Kingdom (UK). The life course theory was used to explore the influence of early life factors and experiences on ageing. Unlike the UK, little attention is given to the care of Nigerian older persons. Therefore, Nigerian stakeholders must design and implement a comprehensive policy on healthy ageing. Also, there is an urgent need for training nurses to meet this demand as it arises.
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17
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Anderson JA, Johnston RA, Lea AJ, Campos FA, Voyles TN, Akinyi MY, Alberts SC, Archie EA, Tung J. High social status males experience accelerated epigenetic aging in wild baboons. eLife 2021; 10:e66128. [PMID: 33821798 PMCID: PMC8087445 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging, for virtually all life, is inescapable. However, within populations, biological aging rates vary. Understanding sources of variation in this process is central to understanding the biodemography of natural populations. We constructed a DNA methylation-based age predictor for an intensively studied wild baboon population in Kenya. Consistent with findings in humans, the resulting 'epigenetic clock' closely tracks chronological age, but individuals are predicted to be somewhat older or younger than their known ages. Surprisingly, these deviations are not explained by the strongest predictors of lifespan in this population, early adversity and social integration. Instead, they are best predicted by male dominance rank: high-ranking males are predicted to be older than their true ages, and epigenetic age tracks changes in rank over time. Our results argue that achieving high rank for male baboons - the best predictor of reproductive success - imposes costs consistent with a 'live fast, die young' life-history strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A Anderson
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Rachel A Johnston
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Amanda J Lea
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Carl Icahn Laboratory, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Fernando A Campos
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at San AntonioSan AntonioUnited States
| | - Tawni N Voyles
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Mercy Y Akinyi
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of KenyaNairobiKenya
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre DameNotre DameUnited States
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Duke Population Research Institute, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Canadian Institute for Advanced ResearchTorontoCanada
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18
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Garson J. Ageing and the goal of evolution. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 43:37. [PMID: 33694075 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-021-00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
There is a certain metaphor that has enjoyed tremendous longevity in the evolution of ageing literature. According to this metaphor, nature has a certain goal or purpose, the perpetuation of the species, or, alternatively, the reproductive success of the individual. In relation to this goal, the individual organism has a function, job, or task, namely, to breed and, in some species, to raise its brood to maturity. On this picture, those who cannot, or can no longer, reproduce are somehow invisible to, or even dispensable to, the evolutionary process. Here, I argue that the metaphor should be discarded, not on the grounds that it is a metaphor, but on the grounds that this particular metaphor distorts our understanding of the evolution of ageing. One reason the metaphor is problematic is that it frames senescence and death as nature's verdict on the value of older individuals. Instead, we should explore a different metaphor: the lengthy post-reproductive period in humans and some other animals is not an accident of culture, but designed by nature for the purpose of supporting and guiding younger generations. On this alternate picture, different stages of life have their own evolutionary rationales, their distinctive design features, their special mandates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Garson
- Hunter College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, USA.
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19
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Racine N, McDonald S, Chaput K, Tough S, Madigan S. Pathways from Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences to Substance Use in Pregnancy: Findings from the All Our Families Cohort. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2021; 30:1795-1803. [PMID: 33524303 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2020.8632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is a risk factor for maternal substance use in pregnancy, however, mechanisms by which maternal ACEs may influence substance use in pregnancy have not been fully explored. The current study examines the association between maternal ACEs and substance use in pregnancy (i.e., alcohol, smoking, and drug use) and explores mediating pathways. Methods: A community sample of 1,994 women as part of the All Our Families Cohort were recruited in pregnancy in Calgary, Canada, between 2008 and 2011. Women provided retrospective reports of ACE exposure before age 18 as well as reports of demographic information, substance use (i.e., moderate-to-high alcohol use, any smoking, or any drug use), a previous history of substance use difficulties, and depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Path analyses were used to examine maternal income, education, depression, and previous substance use as mediating variables. Results: There were significant indirect associations between maternal ACEs and maternal substance use in pregnancy via maternal education (β = 0.05, p < 0.001), previous substance use (β = 0.01, p = 0.001), and depression (β = 0.02, p = 0.02). The direct effect of maternal ACEs on maternal substance in pregnancy remained significant after accounting for the indirect effects (β = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.15-0.29, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Exposure to adversity in childhood can lead to socioeconomic and mental health difficulties that increase risk for substance use in pregnancy. Addressing these difficulties before pregnancy may help to reduce the potential for substance use in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Racine
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sheila McDonald
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Kathleen Chaput
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
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20
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Vaiserman A, Krasnienkov D. Telomere Length as a Marker of Biological Age: State-of-the-Art, Open Issues, and Future Perspectives. Front Genet 2021; 11:630186. [PMID: 33552142 PMCID: PMC7859450 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.630186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere shortening is a well-known hallmark of both cellular senescence and organismal aging. An accelerated rate of telomere attrition is also a common feature of age-related diseases. Therefore, telomere length (TL) has been recognized for a long time as one of the best biomarkers of aging. Recent research findings, however, indicate that TL per se can only allow a rough estimate of aging rate and can hardly be regarded as a clinically important risk marker for age-related pathologies and mortality. Evidence is obtained that other indicators such as certain immune parameters, indices of epigenetic age, etc., could be stronger predictors of the health status and the risk of chronic disease. However, despite these issues and limitations, TL remains to be very informative marker in accessing the biological age when used along with other markers such as indices of homeostatic dysregulation, frailty index, epigenetic clock, etc. This review article is aimed at describing the current state of the art in the field and at discussing recent research findings and divergent viewpoints regarding the usefulness of leukocyte TL for estimating the human biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Krasnienkov
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev Institute of Gerontology, Kyiv, Ukraine
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21
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Hamlat EJ, Prather AA, Horvath S, Belsky J, Epel ES. Early life adversity, pubertal timing, and epigenetic age acceleration in adulthood. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:890-902. [PMID: 33423276 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given associations linking early life adversity, pubertal timing, and biological aging, we examined the direct and indirect effects of early life trauma on adult biological aging (via age of menarche). METHODS Participants were premenopausal women (N = 183). Path models evaluated whether early life trauma predicted early pubertal timing and thereby, adult epigenetic age acceleration (indexed via four epigenetic clocks: Horvath DNAm Age, Hannum DNAm Age, DNAm PhenoAge, and DNAm GrimAge). Secondary analyses explored the effects of type of trauma (abuse and neglect) and adult chronic stress status (caregiver of child with autism and non-caregiver). RESULTS Early life trauma and earlier age at menarche independently predicted accelerated aging based on one of the four epigenetic clocks, DNAm GrimAge, though early life trauma was not associated with age of menarche. Childhood abuse, but not neglect, predicted faster epigenetic aging; results did not differ by chronic stress status. CONCLUSIONS Early trauma and early menarche appear to exert independent effects on DNAm GrimAge, which has been shown to be the strongest epigenetic predictor of mortality risk. This study identifies a potential correlate or determinant of accelerated epigenetic aging-menarcheal age. Future research should address the limitations of this study by using racially diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jay Belsky
- University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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22
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Colich NL, Rosen ML, Williams ES, McLaughlin KA. Biological aging in childhood and adolescence following experiences of threat and deprivation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 2020; 146:721-764. [PMID: 32744840 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Life history theory argues that exposure to early life adversity (ELA) accelerates development, although existing evidence for this varies. We present a meta-analysis and systematic review testing the hypothesis that ELA involving threat (e.g., violence exposure) will be associated with accelerated biological aging across multiple metrics, whereas exposure to deprivation (e.g., neglect, institutional rearing) and low-socioeconomic status (SES) will not. We meta-analyze 54 studies (n = 116,010) examining associations of ELA with pubertal timing and cellular aging (telomere length and DNA methylation age), systematically review 25 studies (n = 3,253) examining ELA and neural markers of accelerated development (cortical thickness and amygdala-prefrontal cortex functional connectivity) and evaluate whether associations of ELA with biological aging vary according to the nature of adversity experienced. ELA overall was associated with accelerated pubertal timing (d = -0.10) and cellular aging (d = -0.21), but these associations varied by adversity type. Moderator analysis revealed that ELA characterized by threat was associated with accelerated pubertal development (d = -0.26) and accelerated cellular aging (d = -0.43), but deprivation and SES were unrelated to accelerated development. Systematic review revealed associations between ELA and accelerated cortical thinning, with threat-related ELA consistently associated with thinning in ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and deprivation and SES associated with thinning in frontoparietal, default, and visual networks. There was no consistent association of ELA with amygdala-PFC connectivity. These findings suggest specificity in the types of early environmental experiences associated with accelerated biological aging and highlight the importance of evaluating how accelerated aging contributes to health disparities and whether this process can be mitigated through early intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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23
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Synthesizing Views to Understand Sex Differences in Response to Early Life Adversity. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:300-310. [PMID: 32353334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex as a biological variable (SABV) is critical for understanding the broad range of physiological, neurobiological, and behavioral consequences of early life adversity(ELA). The study of the interaction of SABV and ELA ties into several current debates, including the importance of taking into account SABV in research, differing strategies employed by males and females in response to adversity, and the possible evolutionary and developmental mechanisms of altered development in response to adversity. This review highlights the importance of studying both sexes, of understanding sex differences (and similarities) in response to ELA, and provides a context for the debate surrounding whether the response to ELA may be an adaptive process.
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24
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Racine N, Zumwalt K, McDonald S, Tough S, Madigan S. Perinatal depression: The role of maternal adverse childhood experiences and social support. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:576-581. [PMID: 31759669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strong association between the number of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the risk of maternal depression has been demonstrated; however, this association has not been examined with regards to changes in depression across the perinatal period. The objectives of this longitudinal study were to: (1) determine whether ACEs predict depressive symptomology in pregnancy and the postpartum period; (2) test the relative contribution of ACEs, with other established risks of depression, including social support, and (3) examine whether the association between ACEs and depression across the perinatal period vary as a function of social support. METHODS Data from 1994 women were collected from a prospective pregnancy cohort. Women completed questionnaires related to ACEs prior to the age of 18. In pregnancy and at 4 months postpartum, social support was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey and clinical cut-off scores for depression were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. RESULTS Logistic regression demonstrated that after accounting for sociodemographic factors and social support, ACEs predicted depressive symptoms in pregnancy (AOR = =1.26, CI = =1.12-1.43), the postpartum period (AOR = =1.34, CI = =1.17-1.52), and across the perinatal period (AOR = =1.31, CI = =1.12-1.54). Social support did not moderate the association between maternal ACEs and depression for any time point. LIMITATIONS retrospective and self-report nature of the data. CONCLUSION ACEs and low social support are both risk factors for depression, however low social support predicted the highest odds of depression, indicating the importance of asking about social support in pregnant and postpartum women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Racine
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary T2N 1N4, AB, Canada.
| | - Katarina Zumwalt
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary T2N 1N4, AB, Canada.
| | - Sheila McDonald
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary T2N 1N4, AB, Canada.
| | - Suzanne Tough
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary T2N 1N4, AB, Canada.
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary T2N 1N4, AB, Canada.
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25
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Dantzer B, van Kesteren F, Westrick SE, Boutin S, McAdam AG, Lane JE, Gillespie R, Majer A, Haussmann MF, Monaghan P. Maternal glucocorticoids promote offspring growth without inducing oxidative stress or shortening telomeres in wild red squirrels. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb212373. [PMID: 31796605 PMCID: PMC10668338 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.212373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Elevations in glucocorticoid (GC) levels in breeding females may induce adaptive shifts in offspring life histories. Offspring produced by mothers with elevated GCs may be better prepared to face harsh environments, where a faster pace of life is beneficial. We examined how experimentally elevated GCs in pregnant or lactating North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) affected offspring postnatal growth, structural size and oxidative stress levels (two antioxidants and oxidative protein damage) in three different tissues (blood, heart and liver) and liver telomere lengths. We predicted that offspring from mothers treated with GCs would grow faster but would also have higher levels of oxidative stress and shorter telomeres, which may predict reduced longevity. Offspring from mothers treated with GCs during pregnancy were 8.3% lighter around birth but grew (in body mass) 17.0% faster than those from controls, whereas offspring from mothers treated with GCs during lactation grew 34.8% slower than those from controls and did not differ in body mass around birth. Treating mothers with GCs during pregnancy or lactation did not alter the oxidative stress levels or telomere lengths of their offspring. Fast-growing offspring from any of the treatment groups did not have higher oxidative stress levels or shorter telomere lengths, indicating that offspring that grew faster early in life did not exhibit oxidative costs after this period of growth. Our results indicate that elevations in maternal GCs may induce plasticity in offspring growth without long-term oxidative costs to the offspring that might result in a shortened lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dantzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Freya van Kesteren
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E Westrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stan Boutin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Andrew G McAdam
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Jeffrey E Lane
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5E2
| | - Robert Gillespie
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Ariana Majer
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Mark F Haussmann
- Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA
| | - Pat Monaghan
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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26
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Papanastasiou SA, Carey JR, Papadopoulos NT. Effects of early-life protein starvation on longevity and sexual performance of male medfly. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219518. [PMID: 31344046 PMCID: PMC6657835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a well-established model species for demographic, behavioural and aging research, the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), we explored whether nutritional stress early in adult life affects the sexual performance and survival in older ages. To do so we established two different protein starvation (PS) protocols that included the elimination of proteinaceous diet either before or after sexual maturity of male medflies. The frequency of sexual signalling and the age of death were daily recorded. Sexual signalling is directly related with male mating success in this model system. PS early in adult life results in high mortality rates (similar to sugar-only fed males), which are gradually restored in more advanced ages. Provision of a proteinaceous diet following early-life PS increases straightaway male sexual signalling to levels similar with those having continuous access to proteinaceous diet. Switching diet regimes from a protein-free to a protein-rich one progressively compensates mortality rates. Apparently, males prioritize sexual signalling over lifespan. PS after attaining sexual maturity significantly reduces both longevity and sexual performance. Access to protein only early in life is insufficient to support lifetime energy-consuming behaviours such as sexual signalling. Continuous access to a proteinaceous diet determines both lifetime sexual performance and longevity. Early in life PS males prioritize the allocation of nutritional elements, when available, in sexual activities over soma-maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella A. Papanastasiou
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - James R. Carey
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Nikos T. Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
- * E-mail:
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27
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Luoto S, Krams I, Rantala MJ. A Life History Approach to the Female Sexual Orientation Spectrum: Evolution, Development, Causal Mechanisms, and Health. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:1273-1308. [PMID: 30229521 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Women's capacity for sexual fluidity is at least as interesting a phenomenon from the point of view of evolutionary biology and behavioral endocrinology as exclusively homosexual orientation. Evolutionary hypotheses for female nonheterosexuality have failed to fully account for the existence of these different categories of nonheterosexual women, while also overlooking broader data on the causal mechanisms, physiology, ontogeny, and phylogeny of female nonheterosexuality. We review the evolutionary-developmental origins of various phenotypes in the female sexual orientation spectrum using the synergistic approach of Tinbergen's four questions. We also present femme-specific and butch-specific hypotheses at proximate and ultimate levels of analysis. This review article indicates that various nonheterosexual female phenotypes emerge from and contribute to hormonally mediated fast life history strategies. Life history theory provides a biobehavioral explanatory framework for nonheterosexual women's masculinized body morphology, psychological dispositions, and their elevated likelihood of experiencing violence, substance use, obesity, teenage pregnancy, and lower general health. This pattern of life outcomes can create a feedback loop of environmental unpredictability and harshness which destabilizes intrauterine hormonal conditions in mothers, leading to a greater likelihood of fast life history strategies, global health problems, and nonheterosexual preferences in female offspring. We further explore the potential of female nonheterosexuality to function as an alloparental buffer that enables masculinizing alleles to execute their characteristic fast life history strategies as they appear in the female and the male phenotype. Synthesizing life history theory with the female sexual orientation spectrum enriches existing scientific knowledge on the evolutionary-developmental mechanisms of human sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severi Luoto
- English, Drama and Writing Studies, University of Auckland, Arts 1, Building 206, Room 616, 14A Symonds St., Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Indrikis Krams
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Markus J Rantala
- Department of Biology & Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Manzano Nieves G, Schilit Nitenson A, Lee HI, Gallo M, Aguilar Z, Johnsen A, Bravo M, Bath KG. Early Life Stress Delays Sexual Maturation in Female Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:27. [PMID: 30863281 PMCID: PMC6399387 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, some forms of early life stress (ELS) have been linked with precocious puberty, altered brain maturation, and increased risk for a variety of forms of pathology. Interestingly, not all forms of ELS have been found to equally impact these metrics of maturation. In recent work, we have found that ELS in the form of limited bedding (LB) from P4 to P11, was associated with precocious hippocampus maturation in males and increased risk for depressive-like pathology and attentional disturbance in female mice. Here, we sought to test whether ELS in the form of LB also impacted the timing of sexual maturation in female mice. To establish rate of somatic and sexual development, distinct cohorts of mice were tested for weight gain, timing of vaginal opening, and development of estrous cycling. ELS animals weighed significantly less than controls at every timepoint measured. Onset of vaginal opening was tracked from P21 to 40, and ELS was found to significantly delay the onset of vaginal opening. To test the impact of ELS on estrous cycle duration and regularity, vaginal cytology was assessed in independent groups of animals using either a continuous sampling (daily from P40 to P57) or random sampling approach (single swab at P35, P50, or P75). ELS did impact measures of estrous cycling, but these effects were dependent upon the sampling method used. We also tested the impact of ELS on anxiety-like behaviors over development and across the estrous cycle. We observed a developmental increase in anxiety-like behavior in control but not ELS mice. No effect of estrous cycle stage was found on anxiety-like behavior for either group of mice. Together these results provide evidence that ELS in the form of LB delays somatic and sexual development. Additional work will be required to determine the mechanism by which ELS impacts these measures, and if these effects are common to other models of ELS in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hye-In Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Meghan Gallo
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Zachary Aguilar
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Angelica Johnsen
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Marilyn Bravo
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Kevin G Bath
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Vaiserman A, Koliada A, Lushchak O. Developmental programming of aging trajectory. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:105-122. [PMID: 30059788 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that aging phenotype and longevity may be developmentally programmed. Main mechanisms linking developmental conditions to later-life health outcomes include persistent changes in epigenetic regulation, (re)programming of major endocrine axes such as growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and also early-life immune maturation. Recently, evidence has also been generated on the role of telomere biology in developmental programming of aging trajectory. In addition, persisting changes of intestinal microbiota appears to be crucially involved in these processes. In this review, experimental and epidemiological evidence on the role of early-life conditions in programming of aging phenotypes are presented and mechanisms potentially underlying these associations are discussed.
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30
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Neither antecedent nor consequence: Developmental integration of chronic stress, pubertal timing, and conditionally adapted stress response. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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31
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Racine NM, Madigan SL, Plamondon AR, McDonald SW, Tough SC. Differential Associations of Adverse Childhood Experience on Maternal Health. Am J Prev Med 2018; 54:368-375. [PMID: 29306559 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study examined whether three distinct antecedent factors related to maternal adverse childhood experiences were differentially associated with maternal health and psychosocial outcomes in the antepartum period. It was hypothesized that all three adverse childhood experience factors would be positively associated with poor health prior to pregnancy, poor reproductive health history, and health complications and psychosocial difficulties during pregnancy. METHODS Data from 1,994 women (mean age=30.87 years) and their infants were collected from a prospective longitudinal cohort from 2008 to 2011. Pregnant women completed self-report questionnaires and a healthcare professional assessed the mothers' health prior to pregnancy, reproductive history, and pregnancy complications. RESULTS Data analyses were conducted from December 2016 to March 2017. Path analysis demonstrated that women who had experience with physical/emotional abuse in childhood were significantly more likely to enter pregnancy with a chronic health condition (AOR=1.25, 95% CI=1.02, 1.54) and to have psychosocial difficulties in their pregnancy (AOR=1.60, 95% CI=1.34, 1.89). Women who were exposed to household dysfunction in childhood were also significantly more likely to experience psychosocial difficulties during pregnancy (AOR=2.33, 95% CI=1.49, 3.65). There was no association between exposure to sexual abuse and maternal health or mental health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Adverse childhood experience categories differentially predicted maternal health and psychosocial outcomes prior to and during pregnancy. The overall variance accounted for by adverse childhood experiences was small (3%-19%), suggesting that factors other than childhood adversity likely contribute to maternal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Racine
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheri L Madigan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Andre R Plamondon
- Département des fondements et pratiques en éducation, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sheila W McDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suzanne C Tough
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Senior AM, Nakagawa S, Raubenheimer D, Simpson SJ, Noble DWA. Dietary restriction increases variability in longevity. Biol Lett 2017; 13:rsbl.2017.0057. [PMID: 28298596 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional environments, particularly those experienced during early life, are hypothesized to affect longevity. A recent cross-taxa meta-analysis found that, depending upon circumstance, average longevity may be increased or decreased by early-life dietary restriction. Unstudied are the effects of diet during development on among-individual variance in longevity. Here, we address this issue using emerging methods for meta-analysis of variance. We found that, in general, standard deviation (s.d.) in longevity is around 8% higher under early-life dietary restriction than a standard diet. The effects became especially profound when dietary insults were experienced prenatally (s.d. increased by 29%) and/or extended into adulthood (s.d. increased by 36.6%). Early-life dietary restriction may generate variance in longevity as a result of increased variance in resource acquisition or allocation, but the mechanisms underlying these largely overlooked patterns clearly warrant elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Senior
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia .,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - S Nakagawa
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - D Raubenheimer
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - S J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - D W A Noble
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Reproductive Investment and Health Costs in Roma Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14111337. [PMID: 29099752 PMCID: PMC5707976 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14111337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine whether variation in reproductive investment affects the health of Roma women using a dataset collected through original anthropological fieldwork among Roma women in Serbia. Data were collected in 2014–2016 in several Roma semi-urban settlements in central Serbia. The sample consisted of 468 Roma women, averaging 44 years of age. We collected demographic data (age, school levels, socioeconomic status), risk behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption), marital status, and reproductive history variables (the timing of reproduction, the intensity of reproduction, reproductive effort and investment after birth), in addition to self-reported health, height, and weight. Data analyses showed that somatic, short-term costs of reproduction were revealed in this population, while evolutionary, long-term costs were unobservable—contrariwise, Roma women in poor health contributed more to the gene pool of the next generation than their healthy counterparts. Our findings appear to be consistent with simple trade-off models that suggest inverse relationships between reproductive effort and health. Thus, personal sacrifice—poor health as an outcome—seems crucial for greater reproductive success.
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Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS AMP = adenosine monophosphate CETP = cholesteryl ester transfer protein FOXO = Forkhead box O GH = growth hormone HDL = high-density lipoprotein IGF-1 = insulin-like growth factor 1 LDL = low-density lipoprotein miRNA = microRNA mTOR = mammalian target of rapamycin SIRT = sirtuin T4 = thyroxine TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone "The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ, Moves on: nor all thy Piety nor Wit Shall lure it back to cancel half a Line, Nor all thy Tears wash out a Word of it." Omar Khayyam ( 1 ).
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Solomon Z, Tsur N, Levin Y, Uziel O, Lahav M, Ohry A. The implications of war captivity and long-term psychopathology trajectories for telomere length. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 81:122-128. [PMID: 28448821 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous findings have demonstrated the link between trauma, its psychopathological aftermath and cellular aging, as reflected in telomere length. However, as long-term examinations of psychopathology following trauma are scarce, very little is known regarding the repercussions of depression and PTSD trajectories of psychopathology for telomeres. The current study examined the implications of war captivity and depression/PTSD trajectories on telomere length. METHODS Ninety-nine former prisoners of war (ex-POWs) from the 1973 Yom Kippur War were evaluated for depression and PTSD at 18, 30, 35 and 42 years after the war. Data on leukocyte telomere length of ex-POWs and 79 controls was collected 42 years after the war. RESULTS Ex-POWs had shorter telomeres compared to controls (Cohen's d=.5 indicating intermediate effect). Ex-POWs with chronic depression had shorter telomeres compared to those with delayed onset of depression (Cohen's d=4.89), and resilient ex-POWs (Cohen's d= 3.87), indicating high effect sizes. PTSD trajectories were not implicated in telomere length (Partial eta2=.16 and p=.11). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the detrimental ramifications of war captivity are extensive, involving premature cellular senesces. These findings further point to the wear-and-tear effect of long-term depression, but not PTSD, on telomere length. Explanations for the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahava Solomon
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noga Tsur
- I-Core Research Center for Mass Trauma, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yafit Levin
- Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Uziel
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meir Lahav
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Avi Ohry
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Oliveira BS, Zunzunegui MV, Quinlan J, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR, Thomasini RL, Guerra RO. Lifecourse Adversity and Telomere Length in Older Women from Northeast Brazil. Rejuvenation Res 2017; 21:294-303. [PMID: 28482745 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and shorter telomere length (TL) in 83 older women, including 42 women with less than secondary education and 41 with secondary or more education in a city of Northeast Brazil, a region with substantial socioeconomic inequalities. The low education sample was selected from a representative survey at local neighborhood health centers, while the high education group consisted of a convenience sample recruited by advertising in community centers and centers affiliated with the local university. Relative leukocyte TL was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction from blood samples. ACEs were self-reported. Spline linear regression was fitted to assess the strength of the associations between ACEs and TL. Among women with low education, median TL was 1.02 compared with 0.64 in the high education group (p = 0.0001). Natural log-transformed T/S ratio as the dependent variable was used in analysis. Women with low education had been exposed to more ACEs, and among them those experiencing two or more ACEs had longer TL than women exposed to ≤1 ACEs (p = 0.03); among women with high education, this difference was not significant (p = 0.49). In analyses adjusted by age, education, and parental abuse of alcohol, the linear trend of higher TL with increasing ACEs was confirmed (p = 0.02), and the mean difference in TL between groups remained significant (p = 0.002). The unexpected positive relationship between low education and ACEs with TL suggests that older adults who have survived harsh conditions prevailing in Northeast Brazil have the longest TL of their birth cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Silva Oliveira
- 1 Department of Physiotherapy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte , Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ronaldo Luis Thomasini
- 5 Faculty of Medicine-FAMED, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri , Campus JK, Diamantina, Brazil
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McDonnell CG, Valentino K. Intergenerational Effects of Childhood Trauma: Evaluating Pathways Among Maternal ACEs, Perinatal Depressive Symptoms, and Infant Outcomes. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2016; 21:317-326. [PMID: 27457410 DOI: 10.1177/1077559516659556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Less is known regarding how maternal ACEs relate to perinatal depressive symptoms or the intergenerational effect of maternal childhood trauma history on birth outcomes and infant functioning. To address this gap, an at-risk sample of 398 pregnant women was recruited from Women, Infants, and Children health clinics. Participants completed a prenatal ( M = 4.84 months before due date) and postnatal ( M = 6.76 months after birth) assessment and provided birth outcome data. At the prenatal assessment, mothers completed an ACEs measure which assessed experiences of childhood maltreatment and household dysfunction. Self-report measures of maternal depressive symptoms were obtained at both time points. Mothers reported on infant socioemotional functioning at 6 months. Maternal ACEs predicted higher levels of prenatal depressive symptoms. Childhood maltreatment experiences, in particular, predicted higher postnatal depressive symptoms and a smaller reduction in depressive symptoms across the perinatal period. Regarding intergenerational associations, maternal childhood maltreatment directly predicted higher levels of maladaptive infant socioemotional symptoms, whereas maternal household dysfunction indirectly related to infant socioemotional symptoms through maternal age at first pregnancy and infant birth weight. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Bonne SL, Livingston DH. Changes in Organ Physiology in the Aging Adult. CURRENT TRAUMA REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40719-016-0069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Contextual adversity, telomere erosion, pubertal development, and health: Two models of accelerated aging, or one? Dev Psychopathol 2016; 28:1367-1383. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579416000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo independent lines of inquiry suggest that growing up under conditions of contextual adversity (e.g., poverty and household chaos) accelerates aging and undermines long-term health. Whereas work addressing the developmental origins of health and disease highlights accelerated-aging effects of contextual adversity on telomere erosion, that informed by an evolutionary analysis of reproductive strategies highlights such effects with regard to pubertal development (in females). That both shorter telomeres early in life and earlier age of menarche are associated with poor health later in life raises the prospect, consistent with evolutionary life-history theory, that these two bodies of theory and research are tapping into the same evolutionary–developmental process whereby longer term health costs are traded off for increased probability of reproducing before dying via a process of accelerated aging. Here we make the case for such a claim, while highlighting biological processes responsible for these effects, as well as unknowns in the epigenetic equation that might instantiate these contextually regulated developmental processes.
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Chow ET, Mahalingaiah S. Cosmetics use and age at menopause: is there a connection? Fertil Steril 2016; 106:978-90. [PMID: 27545020 PMCID: PMC5027605 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cosmetics contain a vast number of chemicals, most of which are not under the regulatory purview of the Food and Drug Administration. Only a few of these chemicals have been evaluated for potential deleterious health impact: parabens, phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and siloxanes. A review of the ingredients in the best-selling and top-rated products of the top beauty brands in the world, as well as a review of highlighted chemicals by nonprofit environmental organizations, reveals 11 chemicals and chemical families of concern: butylated hydroxyanisole/butylated hydroxytoluene, coal tar dyes, diethanolamine, formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, parabens, phthalates, 1,4-dioxane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, siloxanes, talc/asbestos, and triclosan. Age at menopause can be affected by a variety of mechanisms, including endocrine disruption, failure of DNA repair, oxidative stress, shortened telomere length, and ovarian toxicity. There is a lack of available studies to make a conclusion regarding cosmetics use and age at menopause. What little data there are suggest that future studies are warranted. Women with chronic and consistent use of cosmetics across their lifespan may be a population of concern. More research is required to better elucidate the relationship and time windows of vulnerability and the effects of mixtures and combinations of products on ovarian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika T Chow
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shruthi Mahalingaiah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Child-rearing environments have been associated with morbidity in adult rhesus monkeys. We examine whether such links are also seen with leukocyte telomere length. METHODS To determine telomere length in leukocytes, blood was collected from 11 adult female monkeys aged 7 to 10 years who had been exposed to different rearing environments between birth and 7 months. Four had been reared with their mothers in typical social groups composed of other female monkeys, their offspring, and 1 to 2 adult male monkeys. The other 7 had been reared in either small groups of peers or individual cages with extensive peer interaction daily. After 7 months, all shared a common environment. RESULTS Telomere lengths were longer for those adults who had been reared with their mothers in social groups (median = 16.0 kb, interquartile range = 16.5-15.4) than for those who were reared without their mothers (median = 14.0 kb, interquartile range = 14.3-12.7; 2.2 kb/telomere difference, p < .027). CONCLUSIONS This observation adds to emerging knowledge about early adverse child-rearing conditions and their potential for influencing later morbidity. Because newborns were randomly assigned to the mother or other rearing conditions, the findings are not confounded by other conditions that co-occur with adverse child-rearing environments in humans (e.g., prenatal stress, nutrition and health as well as postnatal nutrition and negative life experiences over and above rearing conditions).
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