1
|
Gil-Cosano JJ, Plaza-Florido A, Gracia-Marco L, Migueles JH, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Olvera-Rojas M, Ubago-Guisado E, Labayen I, Lucia A, Ortega FB. Effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on the inflammatory profile of children with overweight/obesity: A randomized clinical trial. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13152. [PMID: 39086177 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the effects of a 20-week combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training programme on the inflammatory profile of prepubertal children with overweight or obesity. METHODS Totally 109 participants (10.1 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) were randomly allocated to an exercise or control group. Adiponectin, C-reactive protein, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, leptin, tumour necrosis factor-α and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were analysed in plasma. Total white blood cell (WBC) count and immune subpopulations (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) were also determined. RESULTS No intervention effect was found for any of the analysed biomarkers (all p ≥ 0.05). We observed a significant sex by intervention interaction for IL-1β (p = 0.03). When stratifying the sample by sex, the exercise programme induced a significant effect on IL-1β levels (mean Z-score difference, 0.66 [95% confidence interval 0.32-1.01]) in girls, but not in boys. A lower number of girls in the exercise group showed a meaningful reduction in IL-1β (i.e., ≥0.2 standard deviations) than in the control group (15% vs. 85%, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This exercise programme failed to improve the inflammatory profile in prepubertal children with overweight/obesity. Future studies should explore the effect of longer exercise interventions and in combination with diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jose J Gil-Cosano
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Luis Gracia-Marco
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jairo H Migueles
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Stanford & Veterans Affair Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Marcos Olvera-Rojas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Esther Ubago-Guisado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Idoia Labayen
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Sustainability & Food Chain Innovation (ISFOOD), Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li LY, Li SM, Pang BX, Wei JP, Wang QH. Effects of exercise training on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers in obese children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:1353-1366. [PMID: 38983830 PMCID: PMC11229972 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i6.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in children and adolescents is a serious problem, and the efficacy of exercise therapy for these patients is controversial. AIM To assess the efficacy of exercise training on overweight and obese children based on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials related to exercise training and obese children until October 2023. The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software to evaluate the efficacy of exercise therapy on glucose metabolism indicators and inflammatory markers in obese children. RESULTS In total, 1010 patients from 28 studies were included. Exercise therapy reduced the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) [standardized mean difference (SMD): -0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.24 to -0.32, P = 0.0008], fasting insulin (FINS) (SMD: -1.55; 95%CI: -2.12 to -0.98, P < 0.00001), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SMD: -1.58; 95%CI: -2.20 to -0.97, P < 0.00001), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (SMD: -1.31; 95%CI: -2.07 to -0.55, P = 0.0007), C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD: -0.64; 95%CI: -1.21 to -0.08, P = 0.03), and leptin (SMD: -3.43; 95%CI: -5.82 to -1.05, P = 0.005) in overweight and obese children. Exercise training increased adiponectin levels (SMD: 1.24; 95%CI: 0.30 to 2.18, P = 0.01) but did not improve tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels (SMD: -0.80; 95%CI: -1.77 to 0.18, P = 0.11). CONCLUSION In summary, exercise therapy improves glucose metabolism by reducing levels of FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, as well as improves inflammatory status by reducing levels of IL-6, CRP, leptin, and increasing levels of adiponectin in overweight and obese children. There was no statistically significant effect between exercise training and levels of TNF-α. Additional long-term trials should be conducted to explore this therapeutic perspective and confirm these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Song-Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Bo-Xian Pang
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun-Ping Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo Y, Qian H, Xin X, Liu Q. Effects of different exercise modalities on inflammatory markers in the obese and overweight populations: unraveling the mystery of exercise and inflammation. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1405094. [PMID: 38933362 PMCID: PMC11199780 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1405094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of obesity and overweight, the risk of chronic diseases significantly escalates, closely intertwined with inflammatory factors. Research suggests that specific exercise interventions, particularly aerobic exercise and resistance exercise, can have beneficial effects on inflammation levels. However, debates persist regarding the actual impact of exercise in the obese and overweight population. We employed meta-analysis research methods and searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Web of Science databases to gather controlled experiments on the effects of resistance exercise or aerobic exercise on C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction. The quality of the literature was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook standards, and subgroup analyses of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α were performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Through quantitative synthesis of results from 22 selected studies encompassing a total of 1,135 research subjects, this study systematically explored the specific regulatory effects of different exercise modalities on inflammatory markers in the obese and overweight population. The findings indicate that both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise effectively reduce CRP levels in obese individuals, with aerobic exercise demonstrating a more pronounced effect. Aerobic exercise also significantly lowers IL-6 levels, while the impact of resistance exercise on IL-6 is relatively minor. However, in terms of reducing TNF-α levels, neither modality appears to exert a significant effect. Overall, exercise, especially aerobic exercise, emerges as a positive regulator of inflammatory markers in the context of obesity and overweight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Guo
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Haonan Qian
- Department of Physical Education, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xianyang Xin
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Qinlong Liu
- Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khalafi M, Symonds ME, Faramarzi M, Sharifmoradi K, Maleki AH, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of exercise training on inflammatory markers in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2024; 278:114524. [PMID: 38521236 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Exercise training is effective for improving cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents, but less is known about its impact on inflammatory markers. We therefore, undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of exercise training on pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in children and adolescents. METHOD A comprehensive search was conducted in three electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to December 2023 to identify exercise trials with and without control groups, involving participants with mean ages ranging from ≥ 6 to < 18 years, of age with measurements of at least one of the following pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, or CRP. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95 % confidence interval (ICs) were calculated using random effects models. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies involving 2043 children and adolescents were included. The results show that exercise training resulted in significant reductions in IL-6 [SMD: -0.44; 95 % CI: -0.68, -0.21; P = 0.001] and CRP [SMD: -0.28; 95 % CI: -0.41, -0.16; P = 0.001], but not TNF-α [SMD: -0.15; 95 % CI: -0.38, -0.07; P = 0.19]. Subgroup analyses showed that IL-6 and CRP were reduced with aerobic training in adolescents, as was CRP with high-intensity interval training. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that exercise training is effective for reducing IL-6 and CRP in adolescents, but not in children, and any benefits may be modulated by the type of exercise performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Marzieh Faramarzi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Kayvan Sharifmoradi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Aref Habibi Maleki
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Viegas ÂA, Santos T, Nobre JNP, Santos JMD, Silva Lage VKD, Fernandes AC, Peixoto MFD, Morais RLDS, Sartorio A, Mendonça VA, Lacerda ACR. Association between biomarkers of redox status and cytokines with different patterns of habitual physical activity in eutrophic and overweight/obese preschoolers: multivariate analysis of a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2353. [PMID: 38017390 PMCID: PMC10683275 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17295-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is well known that obesity is frequently associated with reduced levels of habitual physical activity (HPA), which contributes to determining severe oxidative stress and inflammatory state, this association is however unknown in preschoolers so far. This study aimed to investigate the association between biomarkers of redox status and cytokines with different patterns of HPA according to the adiposity of preschoolers. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 preschoolers (25 overweight/obese, OW/OB and 25 eutrophic, EU), matched for age, sex, economic level, and maternal education. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFRs), and leptin levels were evaluated. HPA levels were evaluated by accelerometry (ActiGraph GT9X accelerometer). Correlation, multiple linear regression, and partial least squares regression analysis were used to determine the association between redox status biomarkers and cytokines with different patterns of HPA (HPA level, bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA], and multivariate pattern of HPA) in EU and OW/OB preschoolers. RESULTS OW/OB preschoolers had lower CAT activity, higher levels of TAC, TBARS, and cytokines, and similar levels of HPA to EU preschoolers. In EU preschoolers, SOD activity exhibited a stronger negative association with moderate intensity ranges of HPA (R2 = 0.18), and negative correlation with sTNFRs (r = -0.40 to -0.46). TBARS had a stronger positive association with ranges of light intensity in the multivariate pattern of HPA (R2 = 0.10). In OW/OB preschoolers, the HPA multivariate associative pattern was predominantly from vigorous intensity ranges. Thus, SOD activity had a positive association with the multivariate pattern of HPA (R2 = 0.38) and MVPA bouts (β [95% CI] = 0.457 [0.0026. 0.0576]). TAC had a negative association with the multivariate pattern of HPA (R2 = 0.38) and MVPA bouts (β [95% CI] = -0.718 [-0.0025. -0.0003]). Additionally, leptin levels were lower in OW/OB preschoolers engaged in vigorous physical activity (VPA) (8000-9999 counts/min) for longer periods of time. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that OW/OB preschoolers have higher levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to EU preschoolers. Moreover, VPA may exert antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in OW/OB preschoolers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Alves Viegas
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Integrated Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Health (CIPq Saúde), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology (PPGBA), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nogueira Pontes Nobre
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Integrated Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Health (CIPq Saúde), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jousielle Márcia Dos Santos
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Integrated Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Health (CIPq Saúde), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Kelly da Silva Lage
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Integrated Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Health (CIPq Saúde), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance (PPGReab), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marco Fabrício Dias Peixoto
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Integrated Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Health (CIPq Saúde), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosane Luzia De Souza Morais
- Postgraduate Program Health, Society and Environment (PPGSaSA), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases & Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Integrated Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Health (CIPq Saúde), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance (PPGReab), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Multicenter Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (PPGMCF), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Integrated Center for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Health (CIPq Saúde), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance (PPGReab), Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Wu Y, Fei X, Li Y, Li Y, Yan X. Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Serum Adiponectin Concentrations in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1772. [PMID: 37629629 PMCID: PMC10455154 DOI: 10.3390/life13081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum adiponectin plays a vital role in various physiological processes, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-apoptotic and pro-angiogenic activities. Any abnormalities in its concentration can lead to adverse health outcomes, particularly in children and adolescents. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate factors influencing serum adiponectin concentrations in this population. The primary objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise on serum adiponectin concentrations in children and adolescents with obesity. To achieve this, a comprehensive literature search was conducted up to January 2023, utilising five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrial.gov. The inclusion criteria involved studies that focused solely on aerobic exercise as an intervention for children and adolescents with obesity. Only studies that reported outcome indicators related to serum adiponectin were considered for analysis. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) assessment tool, and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.1 analysis software. This meta-analysis incorporated data from eight trials, involving a total of 272 subjects. The results demonstrated that aerobic training significantly increased serum adiponectin concentrations [standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.33 to 1.37; I2 = 0%; p = 0.001] in children and adolescents with obesity when compared to non-exercise controls. Furthermore, the magnitude of this effect appears to be influenced by the intensity of aerobic exercise, with higher-intensity aerobic exercise resulting in greater increases in serum adiponectin concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Zhang
- China Basketball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yigao Wu
- China Institute of Sports and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xueyin Fei
- Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yixuan Li
- China Institute of Sports and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sports and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Melbourne 3021, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3021, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Martín-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro-Jiménez E, Laborde-Cárdenas CC, Tornero-Aguilera JF. The Role of Adipokines in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051290. [PMID: 37238961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are cell-signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that has been related to a low-grade state of inflammation and different pathologies. The present review aims to analyze the role of adipokines in health and disease in order to understand the important functions and effects of these cytokines. For this aim, the present review delves into the type of adipocytes and the cytokines produced, as well as their functions; the relations of adipokines in inflammation and different diseases such as cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, mental diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer, and eating behaviors; and finally, the role of microbiota, nutrition, and physical activity in adipokines is discussed. This information would allow for a better understanding of these important cytokines and their effects on body organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hejazi K, Mohammad Rahimi GR, Rosenkranz SK. Effects of Exercise Training on Inflammatory and Cardiometabolic Risk Biomarkers in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biol Res Nurs 2023; 25:250-266. [PMID: 36213963 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221132841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality stems from the progressive nature of inflammation underpinning both diseases. Exercise training is considered an effective treatment strategy for T2DM and cardiometabolic diseases. OBJECTIVE The current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of exercise training on inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in patients with T2DM. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to January 2022. We used random effects models to estimate weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. STUDY SELECTION Twenty-five RCTs were included (N = 1257 participants; mean age = 52 years). Included studies had moderate to good overall methodological quality (TESTEX = 9 (range 7-13). RESULTS Meta-analysis indicated that exercise training significantly increased adiponectin and decreased fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein (ps ≤ 0.05). Subgroup analysis by type of training indicated that aerobic exercise had the most consistent beneficial effects as compared to other types of exercise training; however, there was high heterogeneity among studies. CONCLUSION Different types of exercise training increase adiponectin levels and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP, as well as fasting insulin and insulin resistance markers in patients with T2DM. However, these effects were not beneficial for more commonly measured cardiometabolic risk factors (i.e., lipid profiles). Additional relevant clinical trials are required to confirm these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION This systematic review and meta-analysis was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022307396).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Hejazi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 185150Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Gholam Rasul Mohammad Rahimi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, 48440Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hejazi K, Wong A. Effects of exercise training on inflammatory and cardiometabolic health markers in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2023; 63:345-359. [PMID: 35816146 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.22.14103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The improvements in inflammation and cardiometabolic health play an important role in the prevention and treatment of obesity. However, the interactions between different exercise training (ET) modalities with inflammatory and cardiometabolic biomarkers are not completely understood. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of ET on inflammatory and cardiometabolic health markers in overweight and obese adults. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science up to December 15, 2021. Thirty-five studies including 2752 participants were included and analyzed using a random-effects model to estimate weighted mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The meta-analysis found that ET significantly (P<0.05) increased adiponectin (WMD: 0.72 µg/mL; 95% CI: 0.60 to 0.84; SMD=0.65) and maximal oxygen consumption levels (WMD: 5.26 mL.kg.min; 95% CI: 3.84, 6.69; SMD=1.21). Moreover, ET significantly (P<0.05) reduced fasting insulin (WMD: -2.40 μIU/mL; 95% CI: -3.43 to -1.37; SMD=-0.87), fasting blood glucose (WMD: -5.41 mg/dL; 95% CI: -7.91, -2.91; SMD=-0.66), insulin resistance (WMD: -0.66; 95% CI: -1.08, -0.24; SMD=-0.66) and triglyceride levels (WMD: -10.88 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.61, -4.15; SMD=-0.91). No significant changes were observed in interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, leptin, C-reactive protein and cholesterol concentrations. Subgroup analysis by type of training indicated that aerobic and resistance exercise had the most consistent beneficial effects as compared to other modalities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ET may improve inflammation and cardiometabolic health in overweight and obese adults. Aerobic and resistance training appear to be more beneficial for improving adiponectin, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance index and triglyceride levels as compared to other exercise modalities. Further long-term studies are required to confirm and expand on these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Hejazi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran -
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Hu C. Leptin and Asthma: What Are the Interactive Correlations? Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121780. [PMID: 36551211 PMCID: PMC9775505 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine directly correlated with the proinflammatory obese-associated phenotype. Leptin has been demonstrated to inhibit adipogenesis, promote fat demarcation, promote a chronic inflammatory state, increase insulin sensitivity, and promote angiogenesis. Leptin, a regulator of the immune response, is implicated in the pathology of asthma. Studies involved in the key cell reaction and animal models of asthma have provided vital insights into the proinflammatory role of leptin in asthma. Many studies described the immune cell and related cellular pathways activated by leptin, which are beneficial in asthma development and increasing exacerbations. Subsequent studies relating to animal models support the role of leptin in increasing inflammatory cell infiltration, airway hyperresponsiveness, and inflammatory responses. However, the conclusive effects of leptin in asthma are not well elaborated. In the present study, we explored the general functions and the clinical cohort study supporting the association between leptin and asthma. The main objective of our review is to address the knowns and unknowns of leptin on asthma. In this perspective, the arguments about the different faces of leptin in asthma are provided to picture the potential directions, thus yielding a better understanding of asthma development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine), Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Estébanez B, Huang CJ, Rivera-Viloria M, González-Gallego J, Cuevas MJ. Exercise Outcomes in Childhood Obesity-Related Inflammation and Oxidative Status. Front Nutr 2022; 9:886291. [PMID: 35859754 PMCID: PMC9289530 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.886291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is identified as one of the major public health issues to increase the risk for cardiometabolic diseases and related complications in adulthood. The literature has supported inflammation and oxidative stress as the primary underlying mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. Epidemiological evidence consistently shows the benefits of physical activity in the improvement of obesity-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress status. In this narrative mini-review, the available scientific evidence on the potential effects of exercise in alleviating these susceptibilities in childhood obesity will be assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brisamar Estébanez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- *Correspondence: Brisamar Estébanez,
| | - Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | | | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang S, Zhou H, Zhao C, He H. Effect of Exercise Training on Body Composition and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:921085. [PMID: 35812437 PMCID: PMC9260601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.921085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of aerobic exercise (AE), resistance training (RT), combined aerobic and resistance training (CT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition and inflammatory cytokine levels in overweight and obese individuals by using network meta-analysis (NMA).MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise training on inflammatory cytokines in overweight and obese patients. The retrieval period was from inception to November 2021. Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved articles, extracted the pertinent data, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies; then, they used Stata 16.0 and Review Manager 5.3 to perform an NMA.ResultsA total of 38 studies involving 1317 patients were included in this study. The results of the NMA indicated that AE had the greatest effect on weight loss (SUCRA=78.3; SMD=−0.51, 95% CI: −0.70, −0.33); CT had the greatest effect on reducing body mass index (SUCRA=70.7; SMD=−0.46, 95% CI: −0.81, −0.10), waist circumference (SUCRA=93.4; SMD=−1.86, 95% CI: −2.80, −0.93), percentage body fat (SUCRA=79.6; SMD=−1.38, 95% CI: −2.29, −0.48), interleukin-6 level (SUCRA=86.4; SMD=−1.98, 95% CI: −3.87, −0.09), and tumor necrosis factor-α level (SUCRA=79.4; SMD=−2.08, 95% CI: −3.75, −0.42); AE (SMD=0.51, 95% CI: −1.68, 2.69), RT (SMD=0.15, 95% CI: −3.01, 3.32), CT (SMD=1.78, 95% CI: −1.35, 4.92), and HIIT (SMD=2.29, 95% CI: −1.27, 5.86) did not significantly increase the adiponectin level.ConclusionThe current results suggest that CT is the best exercise modality for improving body composition and inflammatory status in overweight and obese individuals. More rigorous randomized control trials are needed for further validation.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022303165.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengya Wang
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Huayi Zhou
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Changtao Zhao
- Department of Physical Health and Arts Education, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hui He
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui He,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ramírez-Vélez R, García-Hermoso A, Correa-Rodríguez M, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Palomino-Echeverría S, Santamaría E, Correa-Bautista JE, González-Ruíz K, Izquierdo M. Effects of Different Doses of Exercise on Inflammation Markers Among Adolescents With Overweight/Obesity: HEPAFIT Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2619-e2627. [PMID: 35038337 PMCID: PMC9472258 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PROPOSE Obesity-related metabolic risk factors in adolescents who are overweight/obese may be associated with systemic low-grade inflammation; therefore, we investigated whether 6 months of exercise training altered markers of inflammation. METHODS Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled exercise-based intervention trial (September 2017-December 2018). Adolescents aged 11 to 17 years (Tanner stage II-V), 70% girls, with a body mass index z-score at or above the 85th percentile, and/or with excess of adiposity (body fat ≥ 30%). The participants were randomly assigned to the following 4 groups for 6 months: (1) standard physical education lessons, as a control (CTRL); (2) high-intensity physical education class (HIPE); (3) low-to-moderate intensity physical education class (LIPE); (4) a combined group (PLUS). Inflammatory markers and immune molecules including chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors (n = 65 biomarkers) were determined by cytokine antibody array. RESULTS Of the 120 randomly assigned participants, 95 were included in the analysis. Considering these 22 proteins, the LIPE group shows statistical significance in 9 proteins with log-fold change (logFC) and P < 0.05 (in BLC, eotaxin, fibroblast growth factor-6 [FGF-6], GCP-2, I-309, IGFBP-4, MCP-4, NAP-2, and PARC), followed by the PLUS group in 9 proteins (BLC, pro-epidermal growth factor, eotaxin, FGF-6, MCP-4, NAP-2, osteopontin, PARC, and RANTES), the HIPE group in 7 proteins (FGF-4, FGF-7, GCP-2, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-4, and MIP-1 delta), and the CTRL group in 6 proteins (FGF-4, IP-10, Leptin, MCP-1, MIG, and MIP-1 delta). However, subanalysis performed to detect differentially expressed proteins at baseline and after intervention, with significance at an adjusted P value ≤ 0.05 and absolute log fold-change (logFC) ≥ 1.0, showed 3 downregulated proteins in the LIPE group (BLC(logFC) = 1.27, eotaxin(logFC) = 1.18, and MCP-4(logFC) = 1.14), and 4 proteins in the HIPE group (BLC(logFC) = 1.45, FGF-6(logFC) = 1.20, MCP-4(logFC) = 1.50, and PARC(logFC) = 1.33), supporting that the changes we observed in the exercise groups were not time-related changes but occurred in response to exercise. CONCLUSIONS Implementing a 6-month physical exercise program in overweight/obese adolescents, based on LIPE and PLUS groups, significantly change several circulating inflammatory levels. Interventions involving supervised physical exercise may reduce the associated effects of systemic low-grade inflammation, thus preventing the development of obesity-related metabolic diseases in adolescents with overweight/obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Biosanitary Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteored-Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Palomino-Echeverría
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit (TransBio), Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Enrique Correa-Bautista
- Grupo Rendimiento Físico Militar “RENFIMIL”, Escuela Militar de Cadetes “General José María Córdova”, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - Katherine González-Ruíz
- Grupo de Investigación Salud y Movimiento. Programa de Fisioterapia. Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santiago de Cali, 760035, Colombia
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas y Biológicas, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud - Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, 111221, Colombia
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: Mikel Izquierdo, PhD, Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Avenida de Barañain s/n, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hejazi K, Ferrari F. Effects of Physical Exercise on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Inflammatory Markers in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biol Res Nurs 2022; 24:519-529. [PMID: 35506158 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221099573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity among children as well as the beneficial effects of physical exercise (PE) on weight loss has been determined by modulating the secretory factors of adipose tissue. PE has also been shown to have beneficial effects on obesity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of physical exercise (PE) on adiponectin and other important health markers in children. DATA SOURCES We searched 6 electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Scopus, and Web of Science) and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials from inception to December 15, 2021. We used random-effects models to estimate weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). STUDY SELECTION Fourteen studies were included (N = 468 participants; mean age: 14 years). RESULTS In general, PE increased adiponectin (WMD: 0.91 µg/mL; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.55, p = 0.005), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 1.01 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.69, p = 0.004), and VO2max (WMD: 2.52 mL.kg.min; 95% CI, 1.41 to 3.62, p = 0.00,001). The levels of c-reactive protein (WMD: -0.37 mg/L; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.17, p = 0.0003), insulin (WMD: -4.61 μIU/ml; 95% CI, -5.46 to -3.76, p = 0.00,001), fasting glucose (WMD: -5.11 mg/dL; 95% CI, -7.88 to -2.34, p = 0.0003), and insulin resistance index (WMD: -1.44; 95% CI, -1.92 to -0.96, p = 0.00,001), decreased significantly. CONCLUSION Our study showed that PE may increase the level of adiponectin, HDL-C, and VO2max in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Hejazi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 185150Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Filipe Ferrari
- Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Park KS, Nickerson BS. Aerobic exercise is an independent determinant of levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in middle-aged obese females. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:43-49. [PMID: 35356141 PMCID: PMC8934610 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2142724.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 4-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on changes of body composition and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress independent from weight loss in middle-aged obese females. Thity-five obese females were randomly assigned to either an exercise (EX, N=16) or control (CON, N=19) group. The EX performed moderate intensity aerobic exercise on the treadmill for 60 min at 55% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) for 4 weeks (3 days/wk). Body composition measurement with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and blood collection were conducted before and after the 4-weeks intervention. Blood samples were used to measure levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein, adiponectin, total antioxidant status (TAS), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Four weeks of aerobic exercise intervention significantly increased VO2max in EX (P<0.001). EX also observed a decrease in TNF-α (P=0.033) and an increase in TAS (P=0.028) without changes in body weight and fat mass after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise training. No changes were observed in CON after the intervention. Results of this study indicate that moderate aerobic exercises may contribute, at least a part, to reductions of inflammation and oxidative stress independently from fat loss. Therefore, it may reduce risks of obesity-associated disorders in middle-aged obese females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Shin Park
- Corresponding author: Kyung-Shin Park, Kinesiology, Texas A&M International University, 5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX, USA,
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hooshmand Moghadam B, Bagheri R, Ghanavati M, Khodadadi F, Cheraghloo N, Wong A, Nordvall M, Suzuki K, Shabkhiz F. The Combined Effects of 6 Weeks of Jump Rope Interval Exercise and Dark Chocolate Consumption on Antioxidant Markers in Obese Adolescent Boys. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1675. [PMID: 34829546 PMCID: PMC8614646 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that both dark chocolate and exercise training may have favorable effects on antioxidant function in obese cohorts. However, their combined effect has not been established. We assessed the influences of six weeks of dark chocolate consumption combined with jump rope exercise on antioxidant markers in adolescent boys with obesity. Fifty adolescent boys with obesity (age = 15 ± 1 years) were randomly assigned into one of four groups; jump rope exercise + white chocolate consumption (JW; n = 13), jump rope exercise + dark chocolate consumption (JD; n = 13), dark chocolate consumption (DC; n = 12), or control (C; n = 12). Two participants dropped out of the study. Participants in JW and JD groups performed jump rope exercise three times per week for six weeks. Participants in the DC and JD groups consumed 30 g of dark chocolate containing 83% of cocoa during the same period. Serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were evaluated prior to and after the interventions. All 3 intervention groups noted significant (p < 0.01) increases in serum concentrations of TAC, SOD, and GPx from baseline to post-test. In contrast, all intervention groups showed significantly reduced serum concentrations of TBARS from pre- to post-test (p ≤ 0.01). Bonferroni post hoc analysis revealed that post-test serum concentrations of TAC in the JD group were significantly greater than C (p < 0.001), DC (p = 0.010), and JW (p < 0.001) groups. In addition, post-test serum concentrations of SOD in the JD group were significantly greater than C group (p = 0.001). Post-test serum concentrations of GPx in the JD group were significantly greater than C (p < 0.001), DC (p = 0.021), and JW (p = 0.032) groups. The post-test serum concentrations of TBARS in the JD group was significantly lower than C (p < 0.001). No other significant between-group differences were observed. The current study provides evidence that dark chocolate consumption in combination with jump rope exercise is more efficient in improving antioxidant capacity than dark chocolate consumption or jump rope exercise alone among obese adolescent boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Hooshmand Moghadam
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (B.H.M.); (F.K.)
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Tehran, Tehran 1961733114, Iran
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 8174673441, Iran;
| | - Matin Ghanavati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran;
| | - Fatemeh Khodadadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (B.H.M.); (F.K.)
| | - Neda Cheraghloo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran;
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA; (A.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Michael Nordvall
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA; (A.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Fatemeh Shabkhiz
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; (B.H.M.); (F.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Borfe L, Brand C, Schneiders LDB, Mota J, Cavaglieri CR, Leite N, Renner JDP, Reuter CP, Gaya AR. Effects and Responsiveness of a Multicomponent Intervention on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Leptin in Overweight/Obese Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147267. [PMID: 34299719 PMCID: PMC8305247 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise reduces the biochemical markers of obesity, but the effects of multicomponent interventions on these markers should be explored. The present study aimed to elucidate how overweight/obese adolescents respond to a multicomponent program approach on body composition, physical fitness, and inflammatory markers, using a quasi-experimental study with 33 overweight/obesity adolescents (control group (CG) = 16; intervention group (IG) = 17). The intervention consisted of 24 weeks with physical exercises and nutritional and psychological guidance. Both groups were evaluated at the pre/post-intervention moments on body mass index (BMI); body fat (%Fat); waist circumference (WC); waist/hip ratio (WHR); waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); abdominal strength, flexibility; leptin; interleukin 6; interleukin 10; and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Mixed-analysis of variance and generalized estimation equations were used for statistical analysis. There was an interaction effect between groups and time on %Fat (p = 0.002), WC (p = 0.023), WHR (p < 0.001), WHtR (p = 0.035), CRF (p = 0.050), and leptin (p = 0.026). Adolescents were classified as 82.4% responders for %Fat, 70.6% for WC, 88.2% for WHR, and 70.6% for CRF. Further, there was an association between changes in %Fat (p = 0.033), WC (p = 0.032), and WHR (p = 0.033) between responders and non-responders with CRF in the IG. There was a positive effect on body composition, physical fitness, and leptin. In addition, reductions in body composition parameters were explained by CRF improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Borfe
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690-200, Brazil;
| | - Caroline Brand
- Graduate Program on Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul 96816-501, Brazil; (C.B.); (L.d.B.S.)
| | - Letícia de Borba Schneiders
- Graduate Program on Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul 96816-501, Brazil; (C.B.); (L.d.B.S.)
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Claudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity Studies, University State Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, Brazil;
| | - Neiva Leite
- Department of Physical Education, University of Paraná, Curitiba 81690-100, Brazil;
| | - Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
- Department of Life Sciences and Graduate Program on Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul 96816-501, Brazil;
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Department of Health Sciences and Graduate Program on Health Promotion, University of Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul 96816-501, Brazil;
| | - Anelise Reis Gaya
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690-200, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90690-200, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Headid Iii RJ, Park SY. The impacts of exercise on pediatric obesity. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021; 64:196-207. [PMID: 32777917 PMCID: PMC8103043 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2020.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the rates of pediatric obesity have more than doubled regardless of sociodemographic categorization, and despite these rates plateauing in recent years there continues to be an increase in the severity of obesity in children and adolescents. This review will discuss the pediatric obesity mediated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as attenuated levels of satiety and energy metabolism hormones, insulin resistance, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness. Additionally, early intervention to combat pediatric obesity is critical as obesity has been suggested to track into adulthood, and these obese children and adolescents are at an increased risk of early mortality. Current suggested strategies to combat pediatric obesity are modifying diet, limiting sedentary behavior, and increasing physical activity. The effects of exercise intervention on metabolic hormones such as leptin and adiponectin, insulin sensitivity/resistance, and body fat in obese children and adolescents will be discussed along with the exercise modality, intensity, and duration. Specifically, this review will focus on the differential effects of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and combined exercise on the cardiovascular risks in pediatric obesity. This review outlines the evidence that exercise intervention is a beneficial therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk factors for CVD and the ideal exercise prescription to combat pediatric obesity should contain both muscle strengthening and aerobic components with an emphasis on fat mass reduction and long-term adherence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Headid Iii
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Song-Young Park
- School of Health and Kinesiology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saeidi A, Haghighi MM, Kolahdouzi S, Daraei A, Abderrahmane AB, Essop MF, Laher I, Hackney AC, Zouhal H. The effects of physical activity on adipokines in individuals with overweight/obesity across the lifespan: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13090. [PMID: 32662238 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of physical activity (PA) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight and obesity. Approximately 90 investigations including randomized control, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that reported on the effects of a single session of PA (acute) or long-term PA (chronic) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity were reviewed. The findings support the notion that there is consensus on the benefits of chronic exercise training-regardless of the mode (resistance vs. aerobic), intensity and cohort (healthy vs. diabetes)-on adipokine levels (such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin-1 and leptin). However, several confounding factors (frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise) can alter the magnitude of the effects of an acute exercise session. Available evidence suggests that PA, as a part of routine lifestyle behaviour, improves obesity complications by modulating adipokine levels. However, additional research is needed to help identify the most effective interventions to elicit the most beneficial changes in adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mosalman Haghighi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Cardiology Centre, The University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarkawt Kolahdouzi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Ali Daraei
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - M Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S), UFR-STAPS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Farbod M, Eizadi M, Rashidi M, Mirakhori Z. Effects of Aerobic Training With No Caloric Restriction on Serum Resistin and Lipid Profile in Inactive Overweight Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ijbsm.2020.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a major risk factor for inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. We tried to assess whether 12 weeks of aerobic exercises affect serum resistin level and lipid profile in overweight females or not. Methods: For this purpose, 32 non-trained adult females with the mean age of 38 ± 7 years old and body mass index (BMI) of 32 ± 3 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to aerobic exercise (n=16) and control (n=16) groups. Twelve weeks of aerobic exercise program including 3 sessions weekly at 60-75% of maximum heart rate was considered. Fasting serum resistin level, lipid profile (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein [LDL] and high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, and triglyceride [TG]), and anthropometric indexes were measured and compared between the two groups before and after training. Results: Serum resistin, lipid profile markers, and anthropometrical indexes were not significantly different at baseline between the two groups (P>0.05). TG, TC, LDL, and serum resistin did not change significantly after the intervention in the exercise group (P>0.05). However, a significant increase in HDL (exercise: 46.3 ± 9.6 vs. 51.4 ± 8.5, P=0.011; control: 45.8 ± 7.9 vs. 46.8 ± 6.9 P=0.326) and a significant decrease in LDL/HDL ratio (exercise: 2.94 ± 0.12 vs. 2.47 ± 0.19, P=0.019; control: 3.14 ± 0.23 vs. 3.18 ± 0.63, P=0.265) were observed after the intervention. Other variables in the control group remained unchanged. Conclusion: Aerobic exercises had no impacts on the inflammatory profile but could improve lipid profile with an emphasis on HDL in adult obese women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Farbod
- Master of Science, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Eizadi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rashidi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Exercise Physiology, Semnan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mirakhori
- Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Effect of 12 Weeks of Resistance Training on Serum, Vaspin and Chemerin in Obese Middle-Aged Women. Asian J Sports Med 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.97363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
22
|
Shirvani H, Arabzadeh E. Metabolic cross-talk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training by regulation of PGC-1α. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:17-24. [PMID: 29480414 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-018-0491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE An imbalance in the production of adipokines and myokines impairs the energy expenditure, increases adipocyte and develops metabolic pathologies. Physical exercise is able to regulate the secretion of myokines and adipokines. The present study considers the metabolic cross talk between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in high-intensity interval training vs. moderate-intensity continuous training by regulation of PGC-1α. METHODS A sample of 32 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old with mean weight 250 ± 55 g) were divided into four groups randomly: control of base (CO), control of 8 weeks (CO8w), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). The rats were fed with standard chow diet. The CO group was killed at the start of the study and the CO8w group was kept alive for the same time as the experimental groups, but did not participate in any exercise. MICT and HIIT groups for 8 weeks were placed under the moderate-intensity continuous training (15-60 min, with speed of 15-30 m/min) and high-intensity interval training (8-4 intense period for 1 min, with speed of 28-55 m/min, with 3-7 slow-intensity period for 1 min, with a speed of 12-30 m/min) for 8 weeks, respectively. To measure the levels of serum irisin, nesfatin, and resistin the ELISA method was used and real-time PCR method was used to evaluate the relative expression of soleus PGC-1α gene mRNA. RESULTS The levels of irisin and nesfatin significantly increased in the HIIT compared with control groups (p = 0.001). Resistin values in both training groups showed a significant decrease compared to the control groups (p = 0.005). The level of PGC-1α gene expression in both HIIT and MICT groups was significantly increased in comparison with the control groups (p = 0.001). DISCUSSION The results showed that HIIT and MICT increase the transcription of the PGC-1α gene and possibly the increased expression of this gene after HIIT and MICT plays a central role in the secretion of skeletal muscle myokines and adipokines of adipose tissue. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE No Level of evidence: Animal study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Shirvani
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Nosrati Alley, Sheikh Bahaei Street, Mollasadra Street, Vanak Square, 19395-5487, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Arabzadeh
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Nosrati Alley, Sheikh Bahaei Street, Mollasadra Street, Vanak Square, 19395-5487, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nono Nankam PA, Mendham AE, De Smidt MF, Keswell D, Olsson T, Blüher M, Goedecke JH. Changes in systemic and subcutaneous adipose tissue inflammation and oxidative stress in response to exercise training in obese black African women. J Physiol 2020; 598:503-515. [PMID: 31873952 DOI: 10.1113/jp278669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated during obesity and contribute to the development of insulin resistance; and exercise training represents a key component in the management of these conditions. Black African women, despite high gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and less visceral fat, are less insulin sensitive than their white counterparts. Exercise training improved systemic oxidative stress in obese black women, which was related to gynoid fat reduction and not insulin sensitivity. Inflammatory markers changed depot-specifically in response to exercise training, increasing in gluteal SAT without changing in abdominal SAT. The increase of inflammatory state in gluteal SAT after exercise training is suggested to result from tissue remodelling consecutive to the reduction of gynoid fat but does not contribute to the improvement of whole-body insulin sensitivity in obese black South African women. ABSTRACT Inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated during obesity and contribute to the development of insulin resistance. Exercise training represents a key component in the management of obesity. We evaluated the effects of 12 weeks' combined resistance and aerobic exercise training on systemic and abdominal vs. gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) inflammatory and oxidative status in obese black South African women. Before and after the intervention, body composition (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), cardio-respiratory fitness ( VO 2 peak ), serum and SAT inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were measured from 15 (control group) and 20 (exercise group) women and insulin sensitivity (SI ; frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) was estimated. Following the intervention, VO 2 peak (9.8%), body fat composition (1-3%) and SI (9%) improved, serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) decreased (6.5%), and catalase activity increased (23%) in the exercise compared to the control group (P < 0.05), without changes in circulating inflammatory markers. The mRNA content of interleukin-10, tumour necrosis factor α, nuclear factor κB and macrophage migration inhibitory factor increased in the gluteal SAT exercise compared to the control group P < 0.05), with no changes in abdominal SAT. These changes of inflammatory profile in gluteal SAT, in addition to the reduction of circulating TBARS, correlated with the reduction of gynoid fat, but not with the improvement of SI . The changes in systemic oxidative stress markers and gluteal SAT inflammatory genes correlated with the reduction in gynoid fat but were not directly associated with the exercise-induced improvements in SI .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melony F De Smidt
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dheshnie Keswell
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Radman M, McGuire J, Zimmerman J. Childhood Obesity, Endothelial Cell Activation, and Critical Illness. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:441. [PMID: 32850554 PMCID: PMC7419464 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is increasing in prevalence and is frequently an antecedent to adult obesity and adult obesity-associated morbidities such as atherosclerosis, type II diabetes, and chronic metabolic syndrome. Endothelial cell activation, one aspect of inflammation, is present in the early stages of atherosclerosis, often prior to the onset of symptoms. Endothelial activation is a pathological condition in which vasoconstricting, pro-thrombotic, and proliferative mediators predominate protective vasodilating, anti-thrombogenic, and anti-mitogenic mediators. Many studies report poor outcomes among obese children with systemic endothelial activation. Likewise, the link between childhood obesity and poor outcomes in critical illness is well-established. However, the link between obesity and severity of endothelial activation specifically in the setting of critical illness is largely unstudied. Although endothelial cell activation is believed to worsen disease in critically ill children, the nature and extent of this response is poorly understood due to the difficulty in measuring endothelial cell dysfunction and destruction. Based on the data available for the obese, asymptomatic population and the obese, critically ill population, the authors posit that obesity, and obesity-associated chronic inflammation, including oxidative stress and insulin resistance, may contribute to endothelial activation and associated worse outcomes among critically ill children. A research agenda to examine this hypothesis is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Radman
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Pediatric Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John McGuire
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Pediatric Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jerry Zimmerman
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Pediatric Critical Care, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tofas T, Draganidis D, Deli CK, Georgakouli K, Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ. Exercise-Induced Regulation of Redox Status in Cardiovascular Diseases: The Role of Exercise Training and Detraining. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010013. [PMID: 31877965 PMCID: PMC7023632 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are beneficial for the organism ensuring normal cell and vascular function, the overproduction of ROS and increased oxidative stress levels play a significant role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This paper aims at providing a thorough review of the available literature investigating the effects of acute and chronic exercise training and detraining on redox regulation, in the context of CVDs. An acute bout of either cardiovascular or resistance exercise training induces a transient oxidative stress and inflammatory response accompanied by reduced antioxidant capacity and enhanced oxidative damage. There is evidence showing that these responses to exercise are proportional to exercise intensity and inversely related to an individual’s physical conditioning status. However, when chronically performed, both types of exercise amplify the antioxidant defense mechanism, reduce oxidative stress and preserve redox status. On the other hand, detraining results in maladaptations within a time-frame that depends on the exercise training intensity and mode, as high-intensity training is superior to low-intensity and resistance training is superior to cardiovascular training in preserving exercise-induced adaptations during detraining periods. Collectively, these findings suggest that exercise training, either cardiovascular or resistance or even a combination of them, is a promising, safe and efficient tool in the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
Collapse
|
26
|
Paltoglou G, Avloniti A, Chatzinikolaou A, Stefanaki C, Papagianni M, Papassotiriou I, Fatouros IG, Chrousos GP, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Mastorakos G. In early pubertal boys, testosterone and LH are associated with improved anti-oxidation during an aerobic exercise bout. Endocrine 2019; 66:370-380. [PMID: 31378848 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the association of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis with pro- and anti- oxidation, in relation to puberty and obesity in boys, before and after an aerobic exercise bout. METHODS This is a cross-sectional human observational study of 92 healthy normal-weight, obese pre- and early- pubertal boys that underwent a blood sampling, before, and after an aerobic exercise bout at 70% VO2max, until exhaustion. LH, FSH, total testosterone (tT) and markers of pro- (TBARS and PCs) and anti- (GSH, GSSG, GPX, catalase, TAC) oxidation were measured. RESULTS Baseline LH, FSH, and tT concentrations were greater in early, than in pre- pubertal boys, independently of weight status. Post-exercise, LH concentrations decreased in early pubertal boys while FSH concentrations did not change in any of the studied groups. Baseline and post-exercise tT concentrations were lower in obese than in normal-weight early pubertal boys, while baseline and post-exercise LH and FSH concentrations did not differ between these groups. Post-exercise tT concentrations increased in early pubertal obese boys. Baseline LH, FSH and tT concentrations correlated positively with baseline anti-oxidation markers concentrations in pre-pubertal boys. Baseline tT concentrations correlated positively with the increase of TAC concentrations in early pubertal normal-weight boys. In all boys, baseline LH concentrations were the best positive predictors for the exercise-associated increase of TAC concentrations. CONCLUSIONS It appears that the HPT axis maturation during puberty (in particular its LH and testosterone components) is positively associated with the increase of anti-oxidation during a bout of aerobic exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Paltoglou
- Endocrine Unit, "Aretaieion" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Avloniti
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Charikleia Stefanaki
- Endocrine Unit, "Aretaieion" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- Department of Pediatrics, General Hospital of Piraeus 'Aghios Panteleimon', Piraeus, Greece
| | - Maria Papagianni
- Third Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Medicine, "Hippokrateion" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papassotiriou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Endocrine Unit, "Aretaieion" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hausmann J, Waechtershaeuser A, Behnken I, Aksan A, Blumenstein I, Brenner M, Loitsch SM, Stein J. The role of adipokines in the improvement of diabetic and cardiovascular risk factors within a 52-week weight-loss programme for obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019; 13:440-447. [PMID: 31591082 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
28
|
Mohammadkhani PG, Irandoust K, Taheri M, Mirmoezzi M, Baić M. Effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise and taking caraway supplement on C-reactive protein and sleep quality in obese women. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1587837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Khadijeh Irandoust
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Morteza Taheri
- Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirmoezzi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mario Baić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, croatia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Han Y, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Zhen S, Chen J, Ding N, Ma Y, Wen D. Does Physical Activity-Based Intervention Improve Systemic Proinflammatory Cytokine Levels in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents? Insights from a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials. Obes Facts 2019; 12:653-668. [PMID: 31645033 PMCID: PMC6940473 DOI: 10.1159/000501970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this research was to conduct a meta-analysis of the role that physical activity (PA) plays in influencing the critical proinflammatory cytokine levels associated with overweight/obese children and adolescents to explore the effectiveness of exercise intervention within this population. METHODS With searches of the PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases, we updated our meta-analysis up to November 2018. The randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluated the ability of exercise training to increase the following factors in children and/or adolescents classified as obese or overweight: tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS Eleven RCT comprising 623 children and/or adolescents who were obese or overweight (i.e., 393 with PA and 230 controls) were suitable for use in this study. The meta-analysis showed that PA in general was associated with a significant reduction of CRP levels (mean difference = -0.45 mg/L, p = 0.02) in overweight/obese children and adolescents. Based on 115 overweight and obese youths, this study suggests that PA does not significantly mitigate IL-6 levels (mean difference = -0.39 pg/mL, p = 0.08), although there was a trend towards a reduction. Additionally, no close connection was observed between PA and TNF-α levels at 0.04 pg/mL (p = 0.78). Moreover, meta-regression analysis revealed a statistical association between CPR levels and changes in BMI or changes in adiponectin; likewise, IL-6 levels dramatically impacted the effect of exercise on changes in adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS PA was associated with significantly reduced CRP levels, whereas there was no significant association with IL-6 or TNF-α in overweight/obese children or adolescents; however, there was a trend towards a reduction of IL-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanshuo Han
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhongyi Zhao
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shihan Zhen
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- No. 2 Orthopedic Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Research Center of Medical Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Deliang Wen
- Institute of Health Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
- Research Center of Medical Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Effects of a lifestyle intervention on markers of cardiometabolic risk and oxidized lipoproteins among obese adolescents with prediabetes. Public Health Nutr 2018; 22:706-713. [PMID: 30588900 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980018003476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and hyperglycaemia contribute to the atherosclerotic process in part through oxidative modifications to lipoprotein particles. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a lifestyle intervention on markers of oxidized lipoproteins in obese Latino adolescents with prediabetes. DESIGN Pre-post design. SETTING Participants were enrolled into a 12-week lifestyle intervention. Measurements pre- and post-intervention included anthropometrics and body composition, lipid panel, oxidized LDL (oxLDL), oxidized HDL (oxHDL), intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, and cardiorespiratory fitness. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-five obese Latino adolescents (seventeen females, eighteen males; mean age 15·5 (sd 1·0) years; mean BMI percentile 98·5 (sd 1·2)) with prediabetes. RESULTS Intervention participation resulted in significant reductions in weight (-1·2 %, P = 0·042), BMI and BMI percentile (-2·0 and -0·4 %, respectively, P < 0·001), body fat (-7·0 %, P = 0·025), TAG (-11·8 %, P = 0·032), total cholesterol (-5·0 %, P = 0·002), VLDL-cholesterol (-12·5 %, P = 0·029), and non-HDL-cholesterol (-6·7 %, P = 0·007). Additionally, fitness (6·4 %, P < 0·001) and intake of fruits and vegetables (42·4 %, P = 0·025) increased significantly. OxLDL decreased significantly after the intervention (51·0 (sd 14·0) v. 48·7 (sd 12·8) U/l, P = 0·022), while oxHDL trended towards a significant increase (395·2 (sd 94·6) v. 416·1 (sd 98·4) ng/ml, P = 0·056). CONCLUSIONS These data support the utility of lifestyle intervention to improve the atherogenic phenotype of Latino adolescents who are at high risk for developing premature CVD and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
31
|
Fedewa MV, Hathaway ED, Ward-Ritacco CL, Williams TD, Dobbs WC. The Effect of Chronic Exercise Training on Leptin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports Med 2018; 48:1437-1450. [PMID: 29582381 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin is a hormone associated with satiety, lipid oxidation, energy expenditure, and energy homeostasis. To date, the current body of research examining the effect of chronic exercise training on leptin has yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of change in leptin levels following participation in exercise interventions lasting ≥ 2 weeks. METHODS All studies included were peer-reviewed and published in English. To be included, studies randomized human participants to an exercise training group or non-exercise comparison group for an exercise training intervention. Leptin levels were measured at baseline, during, and/or after completion of the exercise training program. Random-effects models were used to aggregate a mean effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and identify potential moderators. RESULTS Seventy-two randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and resulted in 107 effects (n = 3826). The mean ES of 0.24 (95% CI 0.16-0.32, p < 0.0001) indicated a decrease in leptin following an exercise training program. A decrease in %Fat (β = - 0.07, p < 0.01) was associated with a decrease in leptin after accounting for the type of control group (β = - 0.38, p < 0.0001) used in each study. CONCLUSION These results suggest that engaging in chronic exercise training (≥ 2 weeks) is associated with a decrease in leptin levels for individuals regardless of age and sex. However, a greater decrease in leptin occurred with a decreased percentage of body fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, 2003 Moore Hall, Box 870312, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0231, USA.
| | - Elizabeth D Hathaway
- Department of Health and Human Performance, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
| | | | - Tyler D Williams
- Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ward C Dobbs
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, 2003 Moore Hall, Box 870312, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487-0231, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Farhangi MA, Mesgari-Abbasi M, Hajiluian G, Nameni G, Shahabi P. Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: the Ameliorative Effects of Vitamin D. Inflammation 2018; 40:1688-1697. [PMID: 28674792 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a low-grade inflammatory disease and is associated with numerous comorbidities. The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin D administrations on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adipose tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese rats. In the beginning of the study, 40 rats were divided into two groups: normal diet and high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks; then, each group was subdivided into two groups including ND, ND + vitamin D, HFD, and HFD + vitamin D. Vitamin D supplementation was done for 5 weeks at 500 IU/kg dosage. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-6 concentrations and markers of oxidative stress including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) concentrations in adipose tissue of rats were determined using ELISA kits and spectrophotometry methods, respectively. Vitamin D treatment led to a significant reduction in adipose tissue TNF-α concentrations in both ND + vitamin D and HFD + vitamin D groups (P < 0.05). Adipose tissue MCP-1 concentration also reduced in HFD + vitamin D group compared with HFD group. Among markers of oxidative stress in adipose tissue, SOD and GPx concentrations significantly increased in adipose tissue of HFD + vitamin D treated group compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Reduced food intake and weight gain was also occurred after vitamin D treatment. Vitamin D improved adipose tissue oxidative stress and inflammatory parameters in obese rats. Vitamin D treatment was also associated with decreased food intake and decreased weight gain in animals under a high-fat diet. Further studies are needed to better clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Hajiluian
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Nameni
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moazami M, Askari A. Effect of Six Months of Aerobic Exercise on Lipid Profile, Inflammatory Markers and Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Obese Women. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.12.2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
|
34
|
Koh Y, Park KS. Responses of inflammatory cytokines following moderate intensity walking exercise in overweight or obese individuals. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:472-476. [PMID: 29114515 PMCID: PMC5667627 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1735066.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a 4-week moderate intensity walking exercise on the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and adiponectin in overweight or obese individuals. Twenty-seven (13 men and 14 women) physically inactive, over-weight or obese (body mass index>25.0 kg/m2) individuals participated in the study. Each participant was randomly assigned to either exercise (EX; n=15) or control (CON; n=12) group. The EX group performed moderate intensity walking exercise on a treadmill for 60 min at 70% of maximal heart rate for 4 weeks (3 days/wk). Overnight fasting blood samples were collected before and after the study period (Pre and Post) to analyze the levels of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines such as CRP, TNF-α, and adiponectin. CRP and adiponectin as well as body weight and body composition were not significantly altered following the 4-week exercise intervention. However, there was a significant group×time interaction for TNF-α. The post hoc test revealed that the level of TNF-α significantly decreased only in EX (EX: mean±standard deviation, Pre 55.18±6.57 pg/mL, Post 50.31±6.22, P=0.018 vs. CON: Pre 55.5±5.88, Post 58.19±6.48, P=0.25). EX Post was also significantly lower as compared to CON Post (P=0.0074). Although there was no change in body weight or fat mass, the 4-week aerobic exercise training was long enough to decrease the level of TNF-α, indicating physical activity may improve level of inflammation independently from the change in fat mass. The current study also confirmed previous research suggesting that longer period of exercise training accompanied by weight loss may be required to induce significant changes in CRP and adiponectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsuk Koh
- Health Human Peprformance Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Kyung-Shin Park
- Kinesiology, Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
García-Hermoso A, Ceballos-Ceballos RJM, Poblete-Aro CE, Hackney AC, Mota J, Ramírez-Vélez R. Exercise, adipokines and pediatric obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:475-482. [PMID: 28017965 PMCID: PMC5382285 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Adipokines are involved in the etiology of diabetes, insulin resistance, and the development of atherosclerosis and other latent-onset complications. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions on adipokines in pediatric obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS A computerized search was made using three databases. The analysis was restricted to studies that examined the effect of exercise interventions on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin) in pediatric obesity (6-18 years old). Fourteen randomized controlled trials (347 youths) were included. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS Exercise was associated with a significant increase in adiponectin (WMD=0.882 μg ml-1, 95% CI, 0.271-1.493) but did not alter leptin and resistin level. Likewise, exercise intensity and change in body fat; as well as total exercise program duration, duration of the sessions, and change in body fat all significantly influenced the effect of exercise on adiponectin and leptin, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Exercise seems to increase adiponectin levels in childhood obesity. Our results also suggested that exercise on its own, without the concomitant presence of changes in body composition levels, does not affect leptin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - R J M Ceballos-Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - C E Poblete-Aro
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - A C Hackney
- Endocrine Section-Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Mota
- CIAFEL–Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Paltoglou G, Schoina M, Valsamakis G, Salakos N, Avloniti A, Chatzinikolaou A, Margeli A, Skevaki C, Papagianni M, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Papassotiriou I, Chrousos GP, Fatouros IG, Mastorakos G. Interrelations among the adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin, oxidative stress and aseptic inflammation markers in pre- and early-pubertal normal-weight and obese boys. Endocrine 2017; 55:925-933. [PMID: 28092067 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-017-1227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Presumed interrelationships among deleterious aspects of adipose tissue metabolism, inflammation, and cellular oxidative stress could be influenced by pubertal hormonal changes. They were investigated in pre- and early pubertal normal-weight and obese boys before and after an exercise bout employed as an energy demanding stimulator. METHODS Cross-sectional study. Seventy-six healthy pre- (mean ± SD, 10.6 ± 0.2 years old, 28 normal-weight, and 11 obese) and early-(11.4 ± 0.2 years old, 25 normal-weight, and 12 obese) pubertal boys, were blood-sampled before and after a bout of exercise at 70% VO2 max. Leptin, adiponectin, markers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, high sensitivity IL-6), pro- (thiobarbitouric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyls) and anti- (glutathione, oxidized glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity) oxidation were measured. RESULTS Baseline and post-exercise adiponectin was greater and leptin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were lower in normal-weight than in obese pre- and early pubertal boys, while high sensitivity IL-6 was greater in obese than in normal-weight pre-pubertal boys. In pre-pubertal obese boys: at baseline, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein correlated negatively with catalase; high sensitivity IL-6 correlated positively with protein carbonyls; Δ (difference during exercise) adiponectin correlated positively with Δcatalase. In all boys: at baseline, high sensitivity IL-6 correlated positively with leptin and was the best negative and the second best positive predictor for post-exercise glutathione/oxidized glutathione and protein carbonyls, respectively; leptin was the best negative predictor for post-exercise glutathione; waist to height ratio was the best positive predictor for post-exercise thiobarbitouric acid reactive substances; body mass index z-score and adiponectin were, respectively, the best positive predictor for post-exercise protein carbonyls and catalase. CONCLUSIONS In all subjects, leptin and adiponectin predict negatively and positively anti-oxidation, respectively, while high sensitivity IL-6 predicts positively and negatively pro- and anti-oxidation, respectively. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is increased and negatively associated with anti-oxidation in pre-pubertal obese boys, suggesting that childhood obesity is associated with aseptic inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Paltoglou
- Endocrine Unit, "Aretaieion" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Schoina
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - George Valsamakis
- Endocrine Unit, "Aretaieion" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolaos Salakos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Aretaieion" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Avloniti
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Athanasios Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Alexandra Margeli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papagianni
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Third Department of Pediatrics, "Hippokrateion" General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papassotiriou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Endocrine Unit, "Aretaieion" Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - Faculty of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
El husseny MWA, Mamdouh M, Shaban S, Ibrahim Abushouk A, Zaki MMM, Ahmed OM, Abdel-Daim MM. Adipokines: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Vascular Dysfunction in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:8095926. [PMID: 28286779 PMCID: PMC5327767 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8095926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are bioactive molecules that regulate several physiological functions such as energy balance, insulin sensitization, appetite regulation, inflammatory response, and vascular homeostasis. They include proinflammatory cytokines such as adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as adiponectin, as well as vasodilator and vasoconstrictor molecules. In obesity and type II diabetes mellitus (DM), insulin resistance causes impairment of the endocrine function of the perivascular adipose tissue, an imbalance in the secretion of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator molecules, and an increased production of reactive oxygen species. Recent studies have shown that targeting plasma levels of adipokines or the expression of their receptors can increase insulin sensitivity, improve vascular function, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Several reviews have discussed the potential of adipokines as therapeutic targets for type II DM and obesity; however, this review is the first to focus on their therapeutic potential for vascular dysfunction in type II DM and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Wanees Ahmed El husseny
- Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
- NovaMed Medical Research Association, Cairo, Egypt
- Fayoum Medical Student Association, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | - Sara Shaban
- Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | | | | | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pierard M, Conotte S, Tassin A, Boutry S, Uzureau P, Boudjeltia KZ, Legrand A. Interactions of exercise training and high-fat diet on adiponectin forms and muscle receptors in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:75. [PMID: 27822289 PMCID: PMC5094086 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by systemic disturbances that increase cardiovascular risk. Adiponectin (Ad) exhibits a cardioprotective function because of its anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. In the bloodstream, this adipocytokine circulates on multimers (Admer), among which high molecular weight (HMW) are the most active forms. Because alterations of Ad plasmatic levels, Admer distribution and receptor (AdipoR) expression have been described in murine models and obese patients, strategies that aim to enhance Ad production or its effect on target tissues are the subject of intense investigations. While exercise training is well known to be beneficial for reducing cardiovascular risk, the contribution of Ad is still controversial. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of exercise training on Ad production, Admer distribution and AdipoR muscle expression in a murine model of MetS. Methods At 6 weeks of age, mice were submitted to a standard (SF) or high-fat high-sugar (HF) diet for 10 weeks. After 2 weeks, the SF- and HF-fed animals were randomly assigned to a training program (SFT, HFT) or not (SFC, HFC). The trained groups were submitted to sessions of running on a treadmill 5 days a week. Results and conclusions The HF mice presented the key problems associated with MetS (increased caloric intake, body weight, glycemia and fat mass), a change in Admer distribution in favor of the less-active forms and increased AdipoR2 expression in muscle. In contrast, exercise training reversed some of the adverse effects of a HF diet (increased glucose tolerance, better caloric intake control) without any modifications in Ad production and Admer distribution. However, increased AdipoR1 muscle expression was observed in trained mice, but this effect was hampered by HF diet. These data corroborate a recent hypothesis suggesting a functional divergence between AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, with AdipoR1 having the predominant protective action on metabolic function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0138-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélany Pierard
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Conotte
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Alexandra Tassin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boutry
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Pierrick Uzureau
- Experimental Medicine Laboratory, Free University of Brussels, CHU de Charleroi, Belgium
| | | | - Alexandre Legrand
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Pathophysiology and Rehabilitation, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kargarfard M, Lam ETC, Shariat A, Asle Mohammadi M, Afrasiabi S, Shaw I, Shaw BS. Effects of endurance and high intensity training on ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels and arterial pressure in obese and normal weight adolescents. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2016; 44:208-16. [PMID: 27291761 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2016.1200442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity prevalence has increased in Iranian adolescents in recent years. However, few studies have examined the impact of intervention programs on this health issue. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 8-week endurance training (ET) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and vascular adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) levels among obese and normal-weight male adolescents. METHODS Thirty obese and 30 normal-weight subjects were assigned to the ET, HIIT, or control group for eight weeks. Before and after the intervention, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, body weight, BMI, VO2max, and blood pressures were measured. SPSS (Version 21) was used for data analysis, and the significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Mixed design ANOVAs indicated that the obese participants had significantly (p < 0.05) lower ICAM-1 levels in the ET (from 509 ± 61 ng/ml to 387 ± 43 ng/ml) and HIIT (from 517 ± 72 ng/ml to 374 ± 50 ng/ml), but their VCAM-1 level was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced only after the HIIT (from 1689 ± 119 ng/ml to 1282 ± 63 ng/ml). Similarly, normal weight participants significantly (p < 0.05) lowered their ICAM-1 levels in the ET (from 296 ± 18 ng/ml to 216 ± 14 ng/ml) and HIIT (from 289 ± 22 ng/ml to 202 ± 12 ng/ml), but their VCAM-1 level was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced only after the HIIT (from 895 ± 50 ng/ml to 673 ± 142 ng/ml). Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressures of all the participants were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased at the conclusion of the ET and HIIT. CONCLUSION While both the ET and HIIT were useful in lowering the SBP and DBP of the participants, HIIT was more effective than ET in reducing ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 content in normal and obese adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kargarfard
- a Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Isfahan , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Eddie T C Lam
- b Department of Health and Human Performance , Cleveland State University , Cleveland , OH , USA
| | - Ardalan Shariat
- c Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , University Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud Asle Mohammadi
- a Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Isfahan , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Saleh Afrasiabi
- a Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences , University of Isfahan , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Ina Shaw
- d Department of Sport and Movement Studies , University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg , Republic of South Africa
| | - Brandon S Shaw
- d Department of Sport and Movement Studies , University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg , Republic of South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Lopes WA, Leite N, da Silva LR, Brunelli DT, Gáspari AF, Radominski RB, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Cavaglieri CR. Effects of 12 weeks of combined training without caloric restriction on inflammatory markers in overweight girls. J Sports Sci 2016; 34:1902-12. [PMID: 26852885 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1142107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of combined training without caloric restriction on inflammatory markers in overweight girls. Thirty-three girls (13-17 years) were assigned into overweight training (n = 17) or overweight control (n = 16) groups. Additionally, a normal-weight group (n = 15) was used as control for the baseline values. The combined training programme consisted of six resistance exercises (three sets of 6-10 repetitions at 60-70% 1 RM) followed by 30 min of aerobic exercise (walking/running) at 50-80% VO2peak, performed in the same 60 min session, 3 days/weeks, for 12 weeks. Body composition, dietary intake, aerobic fitness (VO2peak), muscular strength (1 RM), glycaemia, insulinemia, lipid profile and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, leptin, resistin and adiponectin) were measured before and after intervention. There was a significant decrease in body fat (P < 0.01) and increase in fat-free mass (P < 0.01), VO2peak (P < 0.01), 1 RM for leg press (P < 0.01) and bench press (P < 0.01) in the overweight training group. Concomitantly, this group presented significant decreases in serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (P < 0.05) and leptin (P < 0.05), as well as in insulin resistance (P < 0.05) after the experimental period. In conclusion, 12 weeks of combined training without caloric restriction reduced inflammatory markers associated with obesity in overweight girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendell Arthur Lopes
- a Department of Physical Education , State University of Maringa , Maringa , Brazil
| | - Neiva Leite
- b Department of Physical Education , University of Parana , Curitiba , Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Huang T, Larsen KT, Møller NC, Ried-Larsen M, Frandsen U, Andersen LB. Effects of a multi-component camp-based intervention on inflammatory markers and adipokines in children: A randomized controlled trial. Prev Med 2015; 81:367-72. [PMID: 26436683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of a multi-component camp-based intervention on inflammatory markers and adipokines in children. METHODS One hundred and fifteen children were recruited in Odense, Denmark (2012-2014). The participants were randomly allocated to either the day camp intervention arm (DCIA) or the standard intervention arm (SIA). The intervention for the DCIA consisted of a 6-week camp-based intervention and a 46-week family-based intervention. The SIA was offered one weekly physical activity session for 6 weeks and one educational meeting. C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), leptin, and adiponectin were measured in serum at baseline, 6 weeks and 52 weeks. RESULTS In comparison with the SIA, the reductions in CRP (P=0.003) and leptin (p<0.001) were larger in the DCIA at 6 weeks. The intervention effects on leptin were significantly mediated by the changes in body fat mass. No intervention effects on CRP and leptin were seen at 52 weeks. No between-group differences in changes in MCP1 and adiponectin were observed at 6 weeks or 52 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The 6-week camp intervention resulted in reductions in CRP and leptin. The intervention effects did not persist to 52 weeks. The intervention effect on leptin was explained by changes in body fat mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Center of Research in Childhood Health (RICH), Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Traberg Larsen
- Center of Research in Childhood Health (RICH), Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Christian Møller
- Center of Research in Childhood Health (RICH), Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- The Center of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM) and The Center for Physical Activity Research (CFAS) at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- SDU Muscle Research Cluster (SMRC), Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Center of Research in Childhood Health (RICH), Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Moradi F. Changes of Serum Adiponectin and Testosterone Concentrations Following Twelve Weeks Resistance Training in Obese Young Men. Asian J Sports Med 2015; 6:e23808. [PMID: 26715965 PMCID: PMC4691303 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.23808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Circulating levels of adiponectin and testosterone decrease in obese men and this increases risks of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to survey changes of serum adiponectin and testosterone concentrations following twelve weeks resistance training in obese young men. Patients and Methods: In a semi-experimental study, twenty one obese young men were randomly placed in two groups: resistance training (26.5 ± 2.8 years) and control (27.4 ± 2.9 years). General characteristics of subjects and serum levels of adiponectin and testosterone were assessed before and after training. Resistance training protocol consisted of twelve weeks weight training (3 sessions per week, 10 exercises, 3 sets of 8 - 12 repetitions in each exercise, intensity 60% - 80% of one repetition maximum, rest between sets 1 minute and between exercises 2 minutes, duration of main training 20 - 40 minutes per each session). Results: Resistance training had no significant effect on body weight and body mass index (P > 0.05), whereas it decreased body fat percent (P = 0.017). Also, serum adiponectin (8.1 ± 1.8 vs. 10.5 ± 2.3 μg/mL) and testosterone concentrations (6.9 ± 2.4 vs. 8.2 ± 1.7 ng/mL) were increased after resistance training (P = 0.033, P = 0.018 respectively), while there were no significant changes in serum levels of these hormones in control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Twelve weeks of resistance training increased serum concentrations of adiponectin and testosterone in obese young men. With respect to inverse associations between changes of adiponectin and testosterone with BFP and insulin level variations after resistance training, it is recommended that obese young men do resistance training to benefit useful decreasing/preventive effects of this type of training against the risks of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatah Moradi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Saghez Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saghez, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fatah Moradi, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Saghez Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saghez, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9144823733, Fax: +98-4826335782, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Huang CJ, McAllister MJ, Slusher AL, Webb HE, Mock JT, Acevedo EO. Obesity-Related Oxidative Stress: the Impact of Physical Activity and Diet Manipulation. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2015; 1:32. [PMID: 26435910 PMCID: PMC4580715 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-015-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related oxidative stress, the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants (e.g., nitric oxide), has been linked to metabolic and cardiovascular disease, including endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for physiological functions including gene expression, cellular growth, infection defense, and modulating endothelial function. However, elevated ROS and/or diminished antioxidant capacity leading to oxidative stress can lead to dysfunction. Physical activity also results in an acute state of oxidative stress. However, it is likely that chronic physical activity provides a stimulus for favorable oxidative adaptations and enhanced physiological performance and physical health, although distinct responses between aerobic and anaerobic activities warrant further investigation. Studies support the benefits of dietary modification as well as exercise interventions in alleviating oxidative stress susceptibility. Since obese individuals tend to demonstrate elevated markers of oxidative stress, the implications for this population are significant. Therefore, in this review our aim is to discuss (i) the role of oxidative stress and inflammation as associated with obesity-related diseases, (ii) the potential concerns and benefits of exercise-mediated oxidative stress, and (iii) the advantageous role of dietary modification, including acute or chronic caloric restriction and vitamin D supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FH11A-126B, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | | | - Aaron L Slusher
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FH11A-126B, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA ; Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| | - Heather E Webb
- Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX USA
| | - J Thomas Mock
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, FH11A-126B, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA
| | - Edmund O Acevedo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Changes in inflammation, oxidative stress and adipokines following bariatric surgery among adolescents with severe obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:275-80. [PMID: 26315843 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Inflammation, oxidative stress and dysregulation of adipokines are thought to be pathophysiological mechanisms linking obesity to the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. In adults, bariatric surgery reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and beneficially changes the levels of several adipokines, but little is known about the postsurgical changes among adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS In two separate longitudinal cohorts we evaluated change from baseline of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemo-attractant protein-1 (MCP-1), oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL), adiponectin, leptin and resistin up to 12 months following elective laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) surgery in adolescents with severe obesity. RESULTS In cohort 1, which consisted of 39 adolescents (mean age 16.5±1.6 years; 29 females) undergoing either RYGB or VSG, IL-6 (baseline: 2.3±3.4 pg ml(-1) vs 12 months: 0.8±0.6 pg ml(-1), P<0.01), leptin (baseline: 178±224 ng ml(-1) vs 12 months: 41.4±31.9 ng ml(-1), P<0.001) and oxLDL (baseline: 41.6±11.6 U l(-1) vs 12 months: 35.5±11.1 U l(-1), P=0.001) significantly decreased and adiponectin significantly increased (baseline: 5.4±2.4 μg ml(-1) vs 12 months: 13.5±8.9 μg ml(-1), P<0.001). In cohort 2, which consisted of 13 adolescents (mean age 16.5±1.6 years; 10 females) undergoing RYGB, results were similar: IL-6 (baseline: 1.7±0.9 pg ml(-1) vs 12 months: 0.4±0.9 pg ml(-1), P<0.05) and leptin (baseline: 92.9±31.3 ng ml(-1) vs 12 months: 37.3±33.4 ng ml(-1), P<0.001) significantly decreased and adiponectin significantly increased (baseline: 6.1±2.9 μg ml(-1) vs 12 months: 15.4±8.0 μg ml(-1), P<0.001). When the cohorts were combined to evaluate changes at 12 months, oxLDL also significantly decreased (baseline: 39.8±16.7 U l(-1) vs 12 months: 32.7±11.9 U l(-1), P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery produced robust improvements in markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and several adipokines among adolescents with severe obesity, suggesting potential reductions in risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
46
|
The effect of exercise on lipid profiles and inflammatory markers in lean male adolescents: a prospective interventional study. J Investig Med 2015; 63:29-34. [PMID: 25415059 DOI: 10.1097/jim.0000000000000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity improves body composition and inflammatory markers in obese individuals, but little is known about the nonobese population. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate associations between exercise and inflammatory cytokines in lean male adolescents in Taiwan. METHODS This interventional study enrolled a total of 79 normal body weight male adolescents [mean age, 16.8 (1.0) years] from the Army Academy of Taiwan. Body composition and inflammatory markers were measured at baseline and upon completion of a 12-week exercise intervention program. RESULTS Subjects' postintervention anthropometric measures, including waist circumference [74.6 (5.2)→72.6 (5.2) cm], hip circumference [92.3 (4.1)→89.9 (5.0) cm], body fat mass [10.2 (3.2)→8.2 (3.2) kg], and body fat percentage [15.8% (4.2)→12.6 (4.5)%] declined significantly compared to preintervention (all P<0.001), as did systolic blood pressure (P=0.002) and mean blood pressure (P = 0.020). Postintervention body height and free fat mass increased significantly (both P<0.001). Subjects' postintervention lipids including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides increased significantly (all P<0.001). Inflammatory markers including adiponectin [14.32 (6.68)→31.31 (30.53) μg/mL, P<0.001], interleukin 6 [2.15 (4.81)→2.86 (6.37) pg/mL, P=0.005], and C-reactive protein [1.00 (2.57)→2.30 (4.17) μg/mL, P<0.001] increased significantly postintervention, but not leptin. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training significantly improves body composition and anti-inflammatory adiponectin levels in lean male adolescents.
Collapse
|
47
|
Paltoglou G, Fatouros IG, Valsamakis G, Schoina M, Avloniti A, Chatzinikolaou A, Kambas A, Draganidis D, Mantzou A, Papagianni M, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Chrousos GP, Mastorakos G. Antioxidation improves in puberty in normal weight and obese boys, in positive association with exercise-stimulated growth hormone secretion. Pediatr Res 2015; 78:158-64. [PMID: 25938733 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is associated with obesity while the evidence for the role of GH in pro- and antioxidation is inconclusive. This study investigates the relationships between growth hormone (GH), pro- and antioxidation in relation to obesity and puberty before and after an acute bout of exercise. METHODS In this case-control study, 76 healthy normal-weight and obese, prepubertal and pubertal boys underwent a blood sampling before and immediately after an aerobic exercise bout until exhaustion at 70% maximal oxygen consumption. Markers of prooxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls (PCs)) and antioxidation (glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), GSH/GSSG ratio, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) and hormones (GH, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-BP-3, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone) were measured. RESULTS Baseline and postexercise TBARS and PCs were greater, while baseline GSH, GSH/GSSG ratio, GPX, and TAC were lower in obese than that in normal-weight participants. In all participants, waist was the best negative and positive predictor for postexercise GPX and TBARS, respectively. Baseline TAC was greater in pubertal than that in pre-pubertal participants. In all participants, baseline GH was the best negative predictor for postexercise PCs. Significant positive linear correlation exists between the exercise-associated GH, and GSSG increases in pubertal normal-weight boys. CONCLUSIONS Higher prooxidation and lower antioxidation were observed in obese boys, while antioxidation improves with puberty and postexercise, paralleling GH accentuated secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Paltoglou
- 1] Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece [2] First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - George Valsamakis
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Schoina
- School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Alexandra Avloniti
- School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | | | - Antonis Kambas
- School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Dimitris Draganidis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Aimilia Mantzou
- Endocrine Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papagianni
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Third Department of Pediatrics, Hippokrateion General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, "Aghia Sofia" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mendelson M, Michallet AS, Monneret D, Perrin C, Estève F, Lombard PR, Faure P, Lévy P, Favre-Juvin A, Pépin JL, Wuyam B, Flore P. Impact of exercise training without caloric restriction on inflammation, insulin resistance and visceral fat mass in obese adolescents. Pediatr Obes 2015; 10:311-9. [PMID: 25088157 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training has been shown to improve cardiometabolic health in obese adolescents. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the impact of a 12-week exercise-training programme (without caloric restriction) on obese adolescents' cardiometabolic and vascular risk profiles. METHODS We measured systemic markers of oxidation, inflammation, metabolic variables and endothelial function in 20 obese adolescents (OB) (age: 14.5 ± 1.5 years; body mass index: 34.0 ± 4.7 kg m(-2) ) and 20 age- and gender-matched normal-weight adolescents (NW). Body composition was assessed by magnetic resonance imagery. Peak aerobic capacity and maximal fat oxidation were evaluated during specific incremental exercise tests. OB participated in a 12-week exercise-training programme. RESULTS OB presented lower peak aerobic capacity (24.2 ± 5.9 vs. 39.8 ± 8.3 mL kg(-1) min(-1) , P < 0.05) and maximal fat oxidation compared with NW (P < 0.05). OB displayed greater F2t-Isoprostanes (20.5 ± 6.7 vs. 13.4 ± 4.2 ng mmol(-1) creatinine), Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) (1794.8 ± 532.2 vs. 835.1 ± 1027.4 pg mL(-1) ), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) (2.1 ± 1.2 vs. 1.5 ± 1.0 pg mL(-1) ), Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Type II Receptor (sTNFαRII), leptin, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, version 2 (HOMA2-IR), high-sensitive C-reactive protein, triglycerides and lower adiponectin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P < 0.05). After exercise training, despite lack of weight loss, VO2peak (mL.kg(-1) .min(-1) ) and maximal fat oxidation increased (P < 0.05). IL-1Ra and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) decreased (P < 0.05). Insulin and HOMA2-IR decreased (14.8 ± 1.5 vs. 10.2 ± 4.2 μUI mL(-1) and 1.9 ± 0.8 vs. 1.3 ± 0.6, respectively, P < 0.05). Change in visceral fat mass was inversely associated with change in maximal fat oxidation (r = -0.54; P = 0.024). The subgroup of participants that lost visceral fat mass showed greater improvements in triglycerides, insulin resistance and maximal fat oxidation. CONCLUSION Our data confirms the role of exercise training on improving the inflammatory profile and insulin resistance of OB in the absence of weight loss. However, those who lost a greater amount of visceral fat mass showed greater benefits in terms of insulin profile, triglycerides and maximal fat oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mendelson
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - A-S Michallet
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - D Monneret
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - C Perrin
- Pediatrics Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - F Estève
- SCRIMM-Sud, Département d'imagerie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - P R Lombard
- Service d'Immunologie et d'Allergologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires et Université de Genève, Genève, Suisse
| | - P Faure
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - P Lévy
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - A Favre-Juvin
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - J-L Pépin
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - B Wuyam
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - P Flore
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, HP2 F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Inserm, HP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France.,CHU de Grenoble, HP2, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Body Composition, Lipid Profile, Adipokine Concentration, and Antioxidant Capacity Changes during Interventions to Treat Overweight with Exercise Programme and Whole-Body Cryostimulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:803197. [PMID: 26171117 PMCID: PMC4485500 DOI: 10.1155/2015/803197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of six-month-long physical exercise programme with a two-time exposure to whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) in 20 sessions on antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid profile, and body composition changes in obese people (30 adult subjects; BMI = 30.39 ± 4.31 kg/m(2)). Blood samples were taken before the programme, one month following the exercise programme, before and after the first WBC treatment, six months following the exercise programme, after the second WBC treatment, and finally one month after the intervention. Six months of moderate aerobic activity combined with WBC did not change body mass or fat and lean body mass percentages, or circulating adiponectin, leptin, and resistin concentrations. In response to intervention a significant decrease in the level of low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides was observed, with a slight increase in high-density lipoprotein concentration. The nature of changes in the activity of respective antioxidant enzymes was not identical. After one month of increased physical activity, a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities was observed (13%, 8%, and 70%, resp.). The SOD activity increased significantly after successive whole-body cryostimulation sessions. As regards catalase, a significant progressive decrease in its activity was observed.
Collapse
|
50
|
Oxidative/Antioxidative status in obese and sport trained children: a comparative study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:315747. [PMID: 25918709 PMCID: PMC4396141 DOI: 10.1155/2015/315747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare oxidative/antioxidative status in obese and sport trained children and to correlate obtained redox markers with anthropometrical measurements, body composition parameters, and adipokines levels. 78 (44 males) obese (SG) and 80 (40 males) normal weight sport trained (CG) children matched for age and Tanner stage were recruited for the study. Body composition parameters and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Oxidative/antioxidative status was evaluated in plasma by total oxidative status (PerOX), oxidized-LDL cholesterol (oxLDL), total antioxidative capacity (ImAnOx), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx). Leptin and adiponectin levels and adiponectin/leptin ratio (A/L) were also investigated. OxLDL was higher in SG versus CG (P < 0.05), but ImAnOx and GPx were reduced in SG versus CG (P < 0.01). Redox markers correlated significantly with BMI Z-score, WHR, WHtR, body composition parameters, leptin (in boys only), and A/L ratio (in boys only) in SG and in a whole studied population. PerOX significantly correlated with BMR in the CG. Antioxidative/oxidative status in obese children is significantly impaired and related adipose tissue excess and its hormonal activity. Oxidative status assessed by PerOx is also high in sport trained children but antioxidative defense is significantly more efficient with no overproduction of oxidized LDL.
Collapse
|