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Yilmaz E, Gul M. Effects of essential oils on heat-stressed poultry: A review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38808374 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
While certain animal species are sensitive to heat stress, poultry particularly modern breeds, are more susceptible to high ambient temperatures. This has major implications for the poultry industry, as heat stress causes large financial losses. These economic losses will probably increase as a consequence of a predicted rise in global temperatures. Heat stress adversely affects various aspects of poultry, including physiological responses, growth and production performance, meat quality, egg quality, and reproductive activities. These effects occur through specific molecular and metabolic pathways. To mitigate the impacts of heat stress, it is crucial to go beyond administrative practices and implement dietary interventions during high ambient temperature. Such interventions aim to optimize the development of stressed bird species in terms of performance, health, and profitability. Essential oils have shown promising in mitigating the negative effects of heat stress and improved antioxidant status, growth and yield performance, as well as meat and egg quality in poultry. They actively participate in certain metabolic and molecular pathways that help to counteract the effects of heat stress. The article discusses the impacts of essential oil supplementation on the relationships between antioxidant enzyme activity, these molecular, and metabolic pathways, as well as various parameters such as growth and yield performance, and product quality heat-stressed poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yilmaz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
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2
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Mekonnen YT, Savini F, Indio V, Seguino A, Giacometti F, Serraino A, Candela M, De Cesare A. Systematic review on microbiome-related nutritional interventions interfering with the colonization of foodborne pathogens in broiler gut to prevent contamination of poultry meat. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103607. [PMID: 38493536 PMCID: PMC10959702 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to compile the available body of knowledge about microbiome-related nutritional interventions contributing to improve the chicken health and having an impact on the reduction of colonization by foodborne pathogens in the gut. Original research articles published between 2012 and 2022 were systematically searched in Scopus and PubMed. A total of 1,948 articles were retrieved and 140 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall, 73 papers described 99 interventions against colonization by Escherichia coli and related organisms; 10 papers described 15 interventions against Campylobacter spp.; 36 papers described 54 interventions against Salmonella; 40 papers described 54 interventions against Clostridium perfringens. A total of 197 microbiome-related interventions were identified as effective against one or more of the listed pathogens and included probiotics (n = 80), prebiotics (n = 23), phytobiotics (n = 25), synbiotics (n = 12), organic acids (n = 12), enzymes (n = 4), essential oils (n = 14) and combination of these (n = 27). The identified interventions were mostly administered in the feed (173/197) or through oral gavage (11/197), in the drinking water (7/197), in ovo (2/197), intra amniotic (2/197), in fresh or reused litter (1/197) or both in the feed and water (1/197). The interventions enhanced the beneficial microbial communities in the broiler gut as Lactic acid bacteria, mostly Lactobacillus spp., or modulated multiple microbial populations. The mechanisms promoting the fighting against colonization by foodborne pathogens included competitive exclusion, production of short chain fatty acids, decrease of gut pH, restoration of the microbiome after dysbiosis events, promotion of a more stable microbial ecology, expression of genes improving the integrity of intestinal mucosa, enhancing of mucin production and improvement of host immune response. All the studies extracted from the literature described in vivo trials but performed on a limited number of animals under experimental settings. Moreover, they detailed the effect of the intervention on the chicken gut without details on further impact on poultry meat safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitagele Terefe Mekonnen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Federica Savini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Seguino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Federica Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Andrea Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Bologna 40064, Italy
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Mullenix GJ, Greene ES, Ramser A, Maynard C, Dridi S. Effect of a microencapsulated phyto/phycogenic blend supplementation on growth performance, processing parameters, meat quality, and sensory profile in male broilers. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1382535. [PMID: 38605922 PMCID: PMC11007207 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1382535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Powered by consumer taste, value, and preferences, natural products including phytogenics and algae are increasingly and separately used in the food systems where they have been reported to improve growth performance in poultry and livestock. The present study aimed to determine the effects of a new feed additive, microencapsulated NUQO© NEX, which contains a combination of phytogenic and phycogenic, on broiler growth performance, blood chemistry, bone health, meat quality and sensory profile. Male Cobb500 chicks (n = 1,197) were fed a 3-phase feeding intervals; 1-14d starter, 15-28d grower, and 29-40d finisher. The dietary treatments included a corn-soy basal Control (CON), basal diet supplemented with NUQO© NEX at 100 g/ton from 1 to 28d then 75 g/ton from d 28 to 40 (NEX75), and basal diet supplemented with NUQO© NEX at 100 g/ton from 1 to 40d (NEX100). The NEX100 supplemented birds had 62 g more BWG increase and 2.1-point improvement in FCR compared with CON in the finisher and overall growth phase (p < 0.05), respectively. Day 40 processing body weights and carcass weights were heavier for the NEX100 supplemented birds (p < 0.05). The incidences of muscle myopathies were also higher in NEX treatments, which could be associated with the heavier weights, but the differences were not detected to be significant. The NEX75 breast filets had more yellowness than other dietary treatments (p = 0.003) and the NEX 100 treatment reduced the levels of breast filet TBARS at 7 days-post harvest (p = 0.053). Finally, both NEX treatments reduced the incidence of severe bone (tibia and femur) lesions. In conclusion, the supplementation of the phytogenic NUQO© NEX improved finisher performance parameters, whole phase FCR, processing carcass weights, and breast filet yellowness, at varying inclusion levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Galli GM, Andretta I, Levesque C, Stefanello T, Carvalho CL, Perez Pelencia JY, Bueno Martins G, Souza de Lima Cony B, Romeiro de Oliveira C, Franceschi CH, Kipper M. Using probiotics to improve nutrient digestibility and gut-health of weaned pigs: a comparison of maternal and nursery supplementation strategies. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1356455. [PMID: 38585295 PMCID: PMC10996282 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1356455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal probiotic supplementation has been found to have a positive impact on the gut health of piglets, not only during the lactation period, but also after weaning. Providing probiotics to nursery pigs is also a common strategy for supplementation. The goal of this study was to evaluate which would be the most effective strategy to improve nutrient digestibility, energy metabolism, and intestinal health in weaned pigs considering the maternal or nursery options. A total of 32 newly weaned pigs were randomly split into a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement considering maternal probiotic supplementation (with or without) in gestation-lactation and probiotic supplementation in the nursery period (with or without). After weaning, experimental diets were provided for 22 days. Total fecal and urine collection was performed from day 15 to 21. Blood samples were collected from all pigs on days 3 and 22 of the experiment to assess serum biochemistry and intestinal permeability. All pigs were euthanized on day 22 for intestinal tissue collection. Pigs born from probiotic-fed sows had greater (p < 0.05) total tract digestibility of dry matter (+1%) and gross energy (+1.3%), and greater (p < 0.05) metabolizable energy coefficient (+1.3%), which resulted in a 46 kcal/kg increase (p < 0.05) in the metabolizable energy content of the diet. Nitrogen intake (p = 0.035), uptake (p = 0.007), and retention (p = 0.012) were all increased in these pigs. Fecal moisture was reduced in pigs born from probiotic-fed sows and pigs fed the probiotic diet only in the nursery (p < 0.05). Pigs born from probiotic-fed sows had reduced intestinal permeability by 16% (p < 0.05), whereas pigs fed the probiotic diet in the nursery only tended to improve this response (p < 0.10). The villus:crypt ratio of pigs born from probiotic-fed sows was greater compared to the control (p < 0.05), while serum levels of alanine aminotransferase were lower (p < 0.05). Pigs born from probiotic-fed sows had increased nutrient digestibility and improved gut health. Therefore, it is concluded that supplementing the sow diets with probiotics rather than just providing diets in the nursery phase is an advantageous strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Miotto Galli
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ines Andretta
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Crystal Levesque
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Thais Stefanello
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Bueno Martins
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Souza de Lima Cony
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Romeiro de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina Haubert Franceschi
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Bogun K, Peh E, Meyer-Kühling B, Hartmann J, Hirnet J, Plötz M, Kittler S. Investigating bacteriophages as a novel multiple-hurdle measure against Campylobacter: field trials in commercial broiler plants. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3182. [PMID: 38326411 PMCID: PMC10850366 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter mitigation along the food production chain is considered effective for minimizing the public health burden of human campylobacteriosis. This study is the first combining different measures in a multiple-hurdle approach, using drinking water additives and feed additives in single and combined application schemes in commercial broiler plants. Broiler chickens in the study groups were naturally contaminated with Campylobacter. Application of an organic acid blend via drinking water, consisting of sodium propionate, potassium sorbate, and sodium diacetate, resulted in significant reductions of up to 4.9 log10 CFU/mL in fecal samples and in cecal samples at slaughter. The application of a phage mixture, consisting of Fletchervirus phage NCTC 12673 and Firehammervirus phage vB_CcM-LmqsCPL1/1, resulted in reductions of up to 1.1 log10 CFU/mL in fecal samples 1 day after dosing. The sole administration of curcumin via feed resulted in small and inconsistent reductions. In the group receiving a combination of all tested measures, reductions of up to 1.1 log10 CFU/mL were observed. Based on the results of our field trials, it was shown that both the sole application and the combined application of mitigation measures in primary production can reduce the Campylobacter load in broiler chickens, while no synergism could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Bogun
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisa Peh
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Juliane Hirnet
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Madeleine Plötz
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Kittler
- Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
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Mantzios T, Stylianaki I, Savvidou S, Dokou S, Papadopoulos GΑ, Panitsidis I, Patsias A, Raj J, Vasiljević M, Pajić M, Gomez-Osorio LM, Bošnjak-Neumüller J, Tsiouris V, Giannenas I. Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Essential Oils, Lysozyme, and Vitamins' Blend on Layer Hen Performance, Viral Vaccinal Response, and Egg Quality Characteristics. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:147. [PMID: 38400131 PMCID: PMC10893408 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining respiratory tract health is crucial for layers, impacting gut health, laying performance, and egg quality. Viral diseases and standard vaccinations can compromise tracheal epithelium function, leading to oxidative stress. This study assessed the impact of a blend of feed additives, predominantly lysozyme (L), essential oils (EO), and vitamins (VIT) (referred to as L + EO + VIT), on young layers during an oral vaccination schedule. The supplementation significantly enhanced antibody titers for Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) after vaccination, trachea functionality and intestinal health in the jejunum, increased egg production, and exhibited a trend toward higher egg weight. Although feed intake showed no significant difference, egg quality remained consistent across experimental groups. Moreover, L + EO + VIT supplementation elevated total phenolic content in eggs, improving oxidative stability in both fresh and stored eggs, particularly under iron-induced oxidation. Notably, it substantially reduced yolk lipid peroxidation and albumen protein carbonyls. In conclusion, water supplementation with L + EO + VIT may enhance humoral immune response to IBV and NDV, positively impacting hen productivity. These findings indicate improved tracheal function and enhanced oxidative stability, emphasizing the potential of this blend in promoting overall health and performance in layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilemachos Mantzios
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stavrou Voutyra 11, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Ioanna Stylianaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Soumela Savvidou
- Research Institute of Animal Science, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, 58100 Giannitsa, Greece;
| | - Stella Dokou
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Georgios Α. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioannis Panitsidis
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
| | - Apostolos Patsias
- Agricultural Poultry Cooperation of Ioannina “PINDOS”, Rodotopi, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Jog Raj
- PATENT CO. DOO, 24211 Misicevo, Serbia; (J.R.); (M.V.); (L.-M.G.-O.); (J.B.-N.)
| | - Marko Vasiljević
- PATENT CO. DOO, 24211 Misicevo, Serbia; (J.R.); (M.V.); (L.-M.G.-O.); (J.B.-N.)
| | - Marko Pajić
- Department for Epizootiology, Clinical Diagnostic, Pathology and DDD, Scientific Veterinary Institute “Novi Sad”, Rumenački Put 20, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | | | | | - Vasilios Tsiouris
- Unit of Avian Medicine, Clinic of Farm Animals, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Stavrou Voutyra 11, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece; (T.M.); (V.T.)
| | - Ilias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.D.); (I.P.)
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Dias KMM, Oliveira CH, Calderano AA, Rostagno HS, O’Connor KE, Davis R, Walsh M, Britton J, Altieri EA, Albino LFT. Effects of Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation on Performance, Fat and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:119. [PMID: 38200849 PMCID: PMC10778069 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on performance, fat, and blood parameters of broilers. In total, 960 male chicks were distributed into four treatments groups with 12 replicates with 20 birds per pen, with varying HT levels (0, 5, 10, and 50 mg/kg of feed) added to the basal diet from 1 to 42 days old. Feed intake, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were evaluated. Enzymes related to liver injury were evaluated in blood. Fatty acid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were determined in the breast meat. Dietary supplementation of HT did not improve broilers' performance (p > 0.05). Birds fed 50 mg HT/kg had lower AST, ALT, and GGT concentrations (p ≤ 0.05), whereas broilers fed 5, 10, and 50 mg HT/kg, had lower TBIL concentrations (p ≤ 0.05). Breast meat of broilers fed 50 mg HT/kg had lower lipid content, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acids, MDA concentrations (p ≤ 0.05), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (p < 0.0001). In summary, supplementation of 5, 10, and 50 mg HT/kg does not improve the performance of broilers, but the dose of 50 mg HT/kg helps the liver against inflammation and improves fat parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. M. Dias
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Carlos H. Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Arele A. Calderano
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Horacio S. Rostagno
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
| | - Kevin E. O’Connor
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Reeta Davis
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Meg Walsh
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - James Britton
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Enrico A. Altieri
- Nova Mentis Limited, Nova UCD, Belfield Innovation Park, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 F438 Dublin, Ireland; (K.E.O.); (R.D.); (M.W.); (J.B.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Luiz F. T. Albino
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (C.H.O.); (A.A.C.); (H.S.R.); (L.F.T.A.)
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Yilmaz E, Gul M. Effects of dietary supplementation of cumin ( Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oil on expression of genes related to antioxidant, apoptosis, detoxification, and heat shock mechanism in heat-stressed broiler chickens. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2766-2777. [PMID: 36052972 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2117183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of cumin essential oil (CEO) supplementation on levels of certain gene expression related to antioxidant, apoptotic, detoxific, and heat shock mechanisms in the breast meat and ileum of heat-stressed broilers. The study was conducted on a 2 × 6 factorial design (heat stress + feed additive) on 600 day-old male broiler chicks for a period of 42 days. From day 7 to 42, although broilers in heat stress groups (HT) were exposed to constant chronic heat stress (36 °C), others were housed at thermoneutral ambient temperature (TN). The chicks in both conditions were fed with 6 experimental diets: C0 (basal diet with no additive), ANTIB (basal diet + 100 mg/kg chloramphenicol), VITE (basal diet + 50 IU α-tocopherol), C2 (basal diet + 200 mg/kg CEO), C4 (basal diet + 400 mg/kg CEO), C6 (basal diet+ 600 mg/kg CEO). The results showed that heat stress upregulated (except for Bcl-2) the genes related to antioxidant, apoptosis, detoxification, and heat shock mechanism. However, cumin essential oil increased the dose-dependently positive effect on certain genes in tissues of the heat-stressed broilers and downregulated (except for Bcl-2) these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yilmaz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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9
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Aderemi FA, Alabi OM. Turmeric ( Curcuma longa): an alternative to antibiotics in poultry nutrition. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 7:txad133. [PMID: 38111601 PMCID: PMC10727472 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Turmeric, a common spice in many countries has been used for centuries in traditional medicine for its antimicrobial properties. Recent research has shown that turmeric can be a viable alternative to antibiotics in poultry production. Antibiotic overuse in poultry has led to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which poses a threat to both animal and human health. Turmeric contains curcumin, a compound that has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, including those resistant to antibiotics. In addition, turmeric has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, which can help boost the immune system of poultry and reduce the need for antibiotics. Studies have shown that turmeric can improve growth performance, and gut health, and reduce the incidence of disease in poultry. Therefore, the use of turmeric as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry production has the potential to not only improve animal health and welfare but also contribute to the fight against antibiotic resistance. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent knowledge on the use of these plant extracts in poultry feeds as feed additives and their effects on poultry performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foluke Abimbola Aderemi
- Animal Science and Fisheries Management Unit, Agriculture Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Olufemi Mobolaji Alabi
- Animal Science and Fisheries Management Unit, Agriculture Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
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10
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Qaid MM, Al-Mufarrej SI, Al-Garadi MA, Al-Haidary AA. Effects of Rumex nervosus leaf powder supplementation on carcasses compositions, small intestine dimensions, breasts color quality, economic feasibility in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102943. [PMID: 37523995 PMCID: PMC10403739 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcass characteristics, product quality, and the conversion of feed into meat with higher performance and feasibility are important determinants of the profitability and sustainability of any poultry enterprise. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential effect of Rumex nervosus leaf powder (RNLP) on carcass composition, small intestine dimensions, breast color quality, and economic feasibility of Ross broiler chickens. A total of 122 broilers were randomly distributed evenly among 4 treatments (0, 1, 3, and 5 g RNLP/ kg diet, n = 5 replicates per treatment, with 6 broilers per replicate: 3 ♀ and 3 ♂). Performance and economic data were collected in each replicate during the experiment. One male bird from each replication was examined for other criteria on d 34. Results showed that broilers fed 3 g of RNLP had a higher eviscerated carcass weight and dressing percentage (P < 0.05) than the control. The RNLP-fed broilers had higher weights and thicknesses in the duodenum and jejunum of up to 5 g and in the ileum and overall small intestine of up to 3 g. Broilers fed the lowest levels of RNLP had the highest revenue and net gain and the lowest cost-benefit ratio compared with those fed the highest levels of RNLP. The results indicate that the addition of RNLP has a positive effect on carcass processing, the intestinal measurements, and profitability ratios of the broilers. The 1 g RNLP/kg feed is the recommended dose to increase productivity and economic profitability ratios per kilogram of meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Qaid
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud I Al-Mufarrej
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Al-Haidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Jiang JY, Wen H, Jiang M, Tian J, Dong LX, Shi ZC, Zhou T, Lu X, Liang HW. Dietary Curcumin Supplementation Could Improve Muscle Quality, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and the Gut Microbiota Structure of Pelodiscus sinensis. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2626. [PMID: 37627417 PMCID: PMC10451759 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to assess the impact of different dietary curcumin (CM) levels on growth, muscle quality, serum-biochemical parameters, antioxidant-enzyme activities, gut microbiome, and liver transcriptome in Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis). Five experimental diets were formulated to include graded levels of curcumin at 0 (control, CM0), 0.5 (CM0.5), 1 (CM1), 2 (CM2) and 4 g/kg (CM4). Each diet was randomly distributed to quadruplicate groups of turtles (164.33 ± 5.5 g) for 6 weeks. Our findings indicated that dietary curcumin supplementation did not have a significant influence on growth performance (p > 0.05); however, it significantly improved the muscular texture profiles (p < 0.05). Serum total superoxide dismutase (SOD), liver catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities increased significantly as dietary curcumin levels rose from 0.5 to 4 g/kg (p < 0.05). Dietary curcumin supplementation improved gut microbiota composition, as evidenced by an increase in the proportion of dominant bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Flavobacterium. Liver transcriptome analysis revealed that curcumin altered metabolic pathways in the liver. In conclusion, based on the evaluation of the activities of SOD in serum and CAT in liver under current experimental design, it was determined that the appropriate dietary curcumin supplementation for Chinese soft-shelled turtles is approximately 3.9 g/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yuan Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.-Y.J.); (H.W.); (M.J.); (J.T.); (L.-X.D.); (Z.-C.S.); (T.Z.)
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hua Wen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.-Y.J.); (H.W.); (M.J.); (J.T.); (L.-X.D.); (Z.-C.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ming Jiang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.-Y.J.); (H.W.); (M.J.); (J.T.); (L.-X.D.); (Z.-C.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Juan Tian
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.-Y.J.); (H.W.); (M.J.); (J.T.); (L.-X.D.); (Z.-C.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Li-Xue Dong
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.-Y.J.); (H.W.); (M.J.); (J.T.); (L.-X.D.); (Z.-C.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Ze-Chao Shi
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.-Y.J.); (H.W.); (M.J.); (J.T.); (L.-X.D.); (Z.-C.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhou
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.-Y.J.); (H.W.); (M.J.); (J.T.); (L.-X.D.); (Z.-C.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Xing Lu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.-Y.J.); (H.W.); (M.J.); (J.T.); (L.-X.D.); (Z.-C.S.); (T.Z.)
| | - Hong-Wei Liang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China; (J.-Y.J.); (H.W.); (M.J.); (J.T.); (L.-X.D.); (Z.-C.S.); (T.Z.)
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12
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Iwiński H, Chodkowska KA, Drabik K, Batkowska J, Karwowska M, Kuropka P, Szumowski A, Szumny A, Różański H. The Impact of a Phytobiotic Mixture on Broiler Chicken Health and Meat Safety. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2155. [PMID: 37443953 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of different doses of a phytobiotic mixture on selected production parameters and meat quality and to assess the residue of the preparation in tissues and the possible toxic effects in broiler chickens. Broiler chicks aged 160 days, divided into four equal groups, were supplemented with the phytobiotic mixture at different doses, D1-0.5 mL/L, D2-1 mL/L, and D3-2 mL/L, four times during a 42-day trial. There were no statistically significant differences in weight gain per week of life and mortality in the birds. The study also demonstrated that the use of the mixture of phytobiotics had no significant effect on colour, pH, WHC, and natural leakage. However, a beneficial effect of the additive was found in the group treated with a dose of 1 mL/L, where less thermal leakage from the meat was demonstrated. Furthermore, significant differences in the change in thigh muscle tenderness were also observed. In the histopathological analysis of the liver no significant differences were observed. In addition, no residues of the mixture or its metabolites were found in the tissues analysed. In conclusion, the proposed scheme of administration of the phytobiotic additive, regardless of the dose, does not cause pathological changes in organs and does not carry the risk of residues of the product in tissues intended for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Iwiński
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Opaczewska, 02-201 Warszawa, Poland
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina A Chodkowska
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Opaczewska, 02-201 Warszawa, Poland
- Krzyżanowski Partners Spółka z o.o., Zakładowa 7, 26-670 Pionki, Poland
| | - Kamil Drabik
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Batkowska
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Karwowska
- Department of Meat Technology and Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, ul. Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kuropka
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam Szumowski
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Antoni Szumny
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 25, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Henryk Różański
- AdiFeed Sp. z o.o., Opaczewska, 02-201 Warszawa, Poland
- Laboratory of Industrial and Experimental Biology, Institute for Health and Economics, Carpathian State College in Krosno, Rynek 1, 38-400 Krosno, Poland
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13
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Señas-Cuesta R, Stein A, Latorre JD, Maynard CJ, Hernandez-Velasco X, Petrone-Garcia V, Greene ES, Coles M, Gray L, Laverty L, Martin K, Loeza I, Uribe AJ, Martínez BC, Angel-Isaza JA, Graham D, Owens CM, Hargis BM, Tellez-Isaias G. The effects of essential oil from Lippia origanoides and herbal betaine on performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1184636. [PMID: 37324386 PMCID: PMC10266421 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1184636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) affect performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization, and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 male broiler chicks (n = 475) were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1: No heat stress (Thermoneutral) + control diets with no antibiotics; Group 2: heat stress control + control diets; Group 3: heat stress + control diets supplemented with thymol chemotype (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO1; Group 4: heat stress + control diets supplemented with phellandrene (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO2. From day 10-42, the heat stress groups were exposed to cyclic HS at 35°C for 12 h (8:00-20:00). BW, BWG, FI, and FCRc were measured at d 0, 10, 28, and 42. Chickens were orally gavaged with FITC-d on days 10 (before heat stress) and 42. Morphometric analysis of duodenum and ileum samples and bone mineralization of tibias were done. Meat quality was assessed on day 43 with ten chickens per pen per treatment. Heat stress reduced BW by day 28 (p < 0.05) compared to thermoneutral chickens. At the end of the trial, chickens that received both formulations of EO1 and EO2 had significantly higher BW than HS control chickens. A similar trend was observed for BWG. FCRc was impaired by EO2 supplementation. There was a significant increase in total mortality in EO2 compared with EO1 EO1 chickens had lower FITC-d concentrations at day 42 than the HS control. In addition, EO1 treatment is not statistically different if compared to EO2 and thermoneutral. Control HS broilers had significantly lower tibia breaking strength and total ash at day 42 than heat-stressed chickens supplemented with EO1 and EO2. Heat stress affected intestinal morphology more than thermoneutral chickens. EO1 and EO2 improved intestinal morphology in heat-stressed chickens. Woody breast and white striping were more common in thermoneutral chickens than heat stress chickens. In conclusion, the EO-containing diet could improve broiler chicken growth during cyclic heat stress, becoming increasingly relevant in antibiotic-free production in harsh climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Señas-Cuesta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Andressa Stein
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Clay J. Maynard
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Victor Petrone-Garcia
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán UNAM, Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth S. Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Makenly Coles
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Latasha Gray
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Lauren Laverty
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Kristen Martin
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Ileana Loeza
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Casey M. Owens
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Billy M. Hargis
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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14
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Choi J, Kong B, Bowker BC, Zhuang H, Kim WK. Nutritional Strategies to Improve Meat Quality and Composition in the Challenging Conditions of Broiler Production: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081386. [PMID: 37106949 PMCID: PMC10135100 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry meat is becoming one of the most important animal protein sources for human beings in terms of health benefits, cost, and production efficiency. Effective genetic selection and nutritional programs have dramatically increased meat yield and broiler production efficiency. However, modern practices in broiler production result in unfavorable meat quality and body composition due to a diverse range of challenging conditions, including bacterial and parasitic infection, heat stress, and the consumption of mycotoxin and oxidized oils. Numerous studies have demonstrated that appropriate nutritional interventions have improved the meat quality and body composition of broiler chickens. Modulating nutritional composition [e.g., energy and crude protein (CP) levels] and amino acids (AA) levels has altered the meat quality and body composition of broiler chickens. The supplementation of bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, exogenous enzymes, plant polyphenol compounds, and organic acids, has improved meat quality and changed the body composition of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghan Choi
- US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Byungwhi Kong
- US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Brian C Bowker
- US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Hong Zhuang
- US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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15
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Rafeeq M, Bilal RM, Batool F, Yameen K, Farag MR, Madkour M, Elnesr SS, El-Shall NA, Dhama K, Alagawany M. Application of herbs and their derivatives in broiler chickens: a review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.2151395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Rafeeq
- Center for Advanced Studies in Vaccinology and Biotechnology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Rana Muhammad Bilal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fiza Batool
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Forestry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Yameen
- Department of Poultry, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Madkour
- Animal Production Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shaaban S. Elnesr
- Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Nahed A. El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfna, Egypt
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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16
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Lv W, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang T, Huang J, He S, Du H, Guo S. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum fermented Shenling Baizhu San on gut microbiota, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function of yellow-plumed broilers. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1103023. [PMID: 36908522 PMCID: PMC9992544 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1103023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study focused on the effects of Shenling Baizhu San (SLBZS) fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) on gut microbiota, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier function of yellow-plumed broilers. Our results showed that the content of ginsenoside Rb1 was the highest when SLBZS were inoculated with 3% L. plantarum and fermented at 28°C for 24 h. One-day-old male broilers were divided into five treatment groups. Treatment consisted of a basal diet as a control (Con), 0.1% unfermented SLBZS (U-SLBZS), 0.05% fermented SLBZS (F-SLBZS-L), 0.1% fermented SLBZS (F-SLBZS-M), and 0.2% fermented SLBZS (F-SLBZS-H). On days 14, 28, and 42, six chickens from each group were randomly selected for blood collection and tissue sampling. The results showed that the addition of 0.1% fermented SLBZS could significantly increase average daily feed intake (ADFI) and average daily gain (ADG), and decrease feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broilers. The addition of 0.1 and 0.2% fermented SLBZS significantly increased the lymphoid organ index of broilers on day 28 and 42. The addition of 0.1 and 0.2% fermented SLBZS could improve the antioxidant capacity of broilers. Moreover, the addition of 0.1 and 0.2% fermented SLBZS could significantly increase the villus height/crypt depth of the ileum, and significantly increase the expression of tight junction. In addition, fermentation of SLBZS increase the abundance of Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium and Bilophila in the gut of broilers. These results indicate that the supplementation of fermented SLBZS in the diet could improve the growth performance, lymphoid organ index, antioxidant capacity, and positively affect the intestinal health of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianze Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shining Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Cunha MGDA, Alba DF, Leal KW, Marcon H, Milarch CF, Baldissera MD, Kavalek RL, Kempka AP, Vedovatto M, Silva ASDA. Microencapsulated herbal components in the diet of Lacaune ewes: impacts on physiology and milk production and quality. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20201805. [PMID: 37075373 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320201805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the addition of a microencapsulated herbal blend (MHB) based on thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde in dairy sheep feed would improve production efficiency, milk quality, and animal health. Thirty lactating Lacaune ewes were divided into three groups: Control (T0), 150 mg blend/kg of feed (T150), and 250 mg blend/kg of feed (T250). Milk was measured before the beginning of the experiment (d 0), at the end of the adaptation period (d 15), and during the experiment (d 20). In milk samples, was measured the composition, somatic cell count (SCC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipoperoxidation (LPO), and total antioxidant capacity. The MHB improved the milk production (only T150 vs. T0 sheep on d 20), productive efficiency and feed efficiency, and reduced the milk SCC (only T250 vs. T0 sheep, on d 20), ROS and tended to reduce the milk levels of LPO (only T250 vs. T0 sheep on d 20). Also, MHB reduced the blood levels of neutrophils and ROS (only T250 vs. T0 sheep on d 20) and increased total protein and globulin levels. Thus, a microencapsulated blend of thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde improved the productive performance and milk quality of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marily G DA Cunha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, 680-E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Davi Fernando Alba
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, 680-E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Karoline W Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, 680-E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Hiam Marcon
- Curso de Zootecnia, UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, 680-E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Carine F Milarch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicologica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, SC, Brazil
- BOM JESUS/IELUSC, Instituto Superior e Centro Educacional Luterano, Rua Princesa Isabel, 438, Centro, 89201-270 Joinville, SC, Brazil
| | - Matheus D Baldissera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, SC, Brazil
| | - Renata L Kavalek
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, UDESC, Rua Fernando de Noronha, Km 573 - Margens da BR 282, Caixa Postal 47, 89870-000 Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil
| | - Aniela P Kempka
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, UDESC, Rua Fernando de Noronha, Km 573 - Margens da BR 282, Caixa Postal 47, 89870-000 Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Departamento de Zootecnia, Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Caixa Postal 351, 79804-970 Aquidauana, MS, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S DA Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanini, 680-E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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18
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Li Z, Jin X, Wu Q, Long L, Li Y, Zhang Q, Liu A, Chen X, Geng Z, Zhang C. Effects of encapsulated thymol and carvacrol mixture on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function and intestinal health of broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2151944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingbo Long
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingyue Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Aidong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xingyong Chen
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaoyu Geng
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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19
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Sakr SA, EL-Emam HA, Naiel MAE, Wahed NM, Zaher HA, Mohamed Soliman M, Shukry M, Shehata AM, Alkhedaide A, Elghareeb MM. The effects of paulownia ( Paulownia tomentosa) leaf extract enriched diets on meat quality, sensory attributes, and the potential economic impact of broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2121665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa A. Sakr
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Huda A. EL-Emam
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. E. Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noha M. Wahed
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Zaher
- Food Hygiene and Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Abdelrazeq M. Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Adil Alkhedaide
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M. Elghareeb
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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20
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Yilmaz E, Gul M. Effects of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oil and chronic heat stress on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum biochemistry, antioxidant enzyme activity, and intestinal microbiology in broiler chickens. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:861-875. [PMID: 36580224 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted on 600 one-day-old male broiler chicks, using a 2 × 6 factorial design (ambient temperature, A x feed additive, F), for a period of 42 days. The chicks assigned to different groups were exposed to thermoneutral (TN, 24 ± 1 °C) and constant heat stress (HT, 36 ± 1 °C) conditions, and were only fed on a basal diet, and a basal diet supplemented with either 100 mg/kg chloramphenicol, 50 IU/kg α-tocopherol, or 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg of cumin essential oil (CEO). The results showed that heat stress adversely affected performance and carcass characteristics, and increased both the mortality rate and footpad lesions. Moreover, constant chronic heat stress showed negative effects on serum biochemistry and the intestinal microbiota, increased antioxidant activity in both the plasma and breast meat, and increased counts of the pathogenic microorganisms in the small intestine. On the other hand, dietary CEO supplementation positively affected these parameters. CEO had a slight effect on performance, carcass characteristics, mortality rate and the incidence of footpad lesions. When compared to the control group, it was determined that CEO generally had a positive effect on lipid peroxidation in the plasma and tissues and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. Furthermore, CEO positively affected serum biochemistry and counts of beneficial microorganisms in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Yilmaz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
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Galli GM, Strapazzon JV, Marchiori MS, Molosse VL, Deolindo GL, Fracasso M, Copetti PM, Morsch VM, Baldissera MD, Mendes RE, Boiago MM, da Silva AS. Addition of a Blend Based on Zinc Chloride and Lignans of Magnolia in the Diet of Broilers to Substitute for a Conventional Antibiotic: Effects on Intestinal Health, Meat Quality, and Performance. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233249. [PMID: 36496770 PMCID: PMC9740953 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether adding a blend based on zinc chloride and lignans from magnolia to the diet of broilers could replace conventional performance enhancers. For this study, 360 chickens were divided into four groups, with six repetitions per group (n = 15), as follows: CN, without promoter; GPC, control, 50 mg/kg of enramycin growth promoter; T-50, additive blend at a dose of 50 g/ton; and T-100, additive blend at a dose of 100 g/ton. Chickens fed with the additive blend at 50 g/ton showed a production efficiency index equal to that in the GPC group (p < 0.05). At 42 days, the lowest total bacterial count (TBC) was found in the T-100 group, followed by that in the GPC group (p < 0.001). For E. coli, the lowest count was observed in the T-100 group, followed by that in the CP and T-50 groups (p < 0.001). Higher villus/crypt ratios were observed in birds belonging to the T-100 and T-50 groups than in the GPC and NC groups (p < 0.001). Greater water retention was found in the T-50 group than in NC and T-100 groups (p < 0.048). The lowest water loss during cooking was also noted in the T-50 group (p < 0.033). We concluded that adding the antimicrobial blend, primarily at 50 g/ton, maintains the efficiency of the index of production and improves the intestinal health and meat quality of the birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M. Galli
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Beloni Trombeta Zanini, n 680-E, Santo Antonio 89815-630, SC, Brazil
| | - João V. Strapazzon
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Beloni Trombeta Zanini, n 680-E, Santo Antonio 89815-630, SC, Brazil
| | - Maiara S. Marchiori
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Beloni Trombeta Zanini, n 680-E, Santo Antonio 89815-630, SC, Brazil
| | - Vitor L. Molosse
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Beloni Trombeta Zanini, n 680-E, Santo Antonio 89815-630, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L. Deolindo
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Beloni Trombeta Zanini, n 680-E, Santo Antonio 89815-630, SC, Brazil
| | - Mateus Fracasso
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Priscila M. Copetti
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Vera M. Morsch
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus D. Baldissera
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, n 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo E. Mendes
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Rodovia SC 283—km 17, Concordia 89703-720, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcel M. Boiago
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Beloni Trombeta Zanini, n 680-E, Santo Antonio 89815-630, SC, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Beloni Trombeta Zanini, n 680-E, Santo Antonio 89815-630, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S. da Silva
- Animal Science Graduate Program, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Beloni Trombeta Zanini, n 680-E, Santo Antonio 89815-630, SC, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Beloni Trombeta Zanini, n 680-E, Santo Antonio 89815-630, SC, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-49-20499560
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Kimminau E, Karnezos T, Ko H, Fasina Y, Kim W. Phytogenic blend administered through water impacts Salmonella infection in broiler chickens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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23
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Curcumin or microencapsulated phytogenic blend to replace ionophore and non-ionophore antibiotics in weaned calves: Effects on growth performance and health. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pires PGDS, Torres P, Teixeira Soratto TA, Filho VB, Hauptli L, Wagner G, Haese D, Pozzatti CD, Moraes PDO. Comparison of functional-oil blend and anticoccidial antibiotics effects on performance and microbiota of broiler chickens challenged by coccidiosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270350. [PMID: 35793288 PMCID: PMC9258845 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the effects of different levels of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) and castor oil (CNSL-castor oil) with growth-promoting antibiotics associated with anticoccidials in broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis. In this work, 2520 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to 84 pens, containing 30 birds each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven treatments: enramycin (8 ppm), virginiamycin (16.5 ppm), and tylosin (55 ppm); different doses of CNSL-castor oil (0.5, 0.75, and 1.00 kg/t); and a control diet (without additives). All treatments received semduramicin + nicarbazin (500 g/t; Aviax® Plus) from 0 to 28 d and monensin sodium (100 ppm; Elanco) from 29 to 35 days of age, when the feed was without antibiotics. The challenge was introduced at 14 days of age by inoculating broiler chickens with sporulated Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, and Eimeria maxima oocysts via oral gavage. In addition to performance parameters, intestinal contents were collected at 28 and 42 days of age for microbiota analysis by sequencing the 16s rRNA in V3 and V4 regions using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Taxonomy was assigned using the SILVA database (v. 138) with QIIME2 software (v. 2020.11). After one week of challenge, the broilers that received tylosin had a higher body weight gain (BWG) than those in the control group (p < 0.05), while the other treatments presented intermediate values. At 28 d, the BWG was lower for the control, CNSL-Castor oil 0.5 kg/t, enramycin, and virginiamycin treatments than that in the tylosin treatment. The inclusion of CNSL-Castor oil at concentrations of 0.75 and 1 kg/t acted as an intermediate treatment (p < 0.05). For alpha diversity, using the Shannon index, it was possible to observe the effect of age, with substantial diversity at 42 d. The Firmicutes phylum had the highest abundance, with values between 84.33% and 95.16% at 42 d. Tylosin showed better performance indices than other treatments. CNSL-castor oil treatments with concentrations of 0.75 and 1 kg/t showed similar results to those of enramycin and virginiamycin. Furthermore, CNSL-castor oil acted as a modulator of intestinal microbiota, reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Torres
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tatiany Aparecida Teixeira Soratto
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vilmar Benetti Filho
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lucélia Hauptli
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Glauber Wagner
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Douglas Haese
- Centro de Tecnologia Animal Ltda, Domingos Martins, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila de Oliveira Moraes
- Advanced Poultry Gut Science, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science and Rural Development, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Ficagna CA, Galli GM, Zatti E, Sponchiado BM, Cecere BGDO, Deolindo GL, Tarasconi L, Horn VW, Mendes RE, Bissacotti BF, Schetinger MRC, Boiago MM, da Silva AS. Butyric acid glycerides in the diet of broilers to replace conventional growth promoters: effects on performance, metabolism, and intestinal health. Arch Anim Nutr 2022; 76:191-204. [PMID: 36688467 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2022.2162796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether butyric acid glycerides can replace conventional growth promoters, favour intestinal health, and improve performance. A total of 420 birds were used, divided into four groups with seven repetitions per group (n = 15), as follows: NC, negative control (no promoter); PC, positive control (basal diet + enramycin + salinomycin); MDT-BUT, a diet supplemented with mono-, di-, and triglycerides of butyric acid; TRI-BUT, a diet supplemented with tributyrin of butyric acid glycerides. Productive performance was measured on days 1, 21, 35, and 42. Excreta were collected for counting Escherichia coli and coliforms on days 21 and 42. Blood samples were collected at 42 days of age to analyse oxidant/antioxidant status, and the intestine was removed for intestinal morphometry. From 1 to 42 days, there was greater body weight, weight gain, and feed conversion in the PC, MDT-BUT, and TRI-BUT groups than in the NC group; the production efficiency index was 21.10% higher in all groups than in the NC group (p = 0.001). At 21 days, there were lower E. coli counts of 86.8% in the TRI-BUT and 99.7% in PC groups than in the NC and MDT-BUT groups (p < 0.001), while at 42 days, lower counts were found in the PC, MDT-BUT, and TRI-BUT groups than the NC group (p < 0.001). There were lower total protein and globulin levels in the MDT-BUT and TRI-BUT groups than in the NC group (p = 0.001). Cholesterol levels were lower in the TRI-BUT group, followed by MDT-BUT and PC groups, than in the NC group (p = 0.001), while lower triglyceride levels were found in the TRI-BUT group than in the NC and PC groups (p = 0.001). There were lower levels of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species in the TRI-BUT group, followed by the PC group than the NC group (p < 0.001); on the other hand, there were higher protein thiol levels in the TRI-BUT group than the NC group (p = 0.041). The villus:crypt ratio increase was 79.4% in the TRI-BUT group, followed by the 45.1% PC and 19.8% MDT-BUT groups than the NC (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that adding butyric acid confers antimicrobial and antioxidant activity and improves birds' production efficiency, intestinal health, and metabolism. Butyric acid glycerides are an effective alternative to conventional growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassio Antônio Ficagna
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Miotto Galli
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Emerson Zatti
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lara Tarasconi
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Vitor W Horn
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concordia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo E Mendes
- Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense, Concordia, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Bissacotti
- Graduate Program of Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Marcel Manente Boiago
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Sultan K. Effect of Curcuma longa supplementation in post-weaning lambs
ration on performance, carcass and meat quality. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/149003/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Ahsan U, Adabi S, Sayın Özdemir Ö, Sevim Ö, Tatlı O, Kuter E, Cengiz Ö. Growth performance, carcass yield and characteristics, meat quality, serum biochemistry, jejunal histomorphometry, oxidative stability of liver and breast muscle, and immune response of broiler chickens fed natural antioxidant alone or in combination with <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:183-197. [PMID: 35572010 PMCID: PMC9097257 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-183-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract. In this study, oxidative stability of liver and breast
meat, and immune response were evaluated in broiler chickens fed
supplemental phytogenic feed additive (PFA) alone or in combination with
Bacillus licheniformis. Three experimental groups – control, PFA (60 mg kg−1), and PFA (60 mg kg−1) + 0.5 mg kg−1 B. licheniformis (1.6 × 1012 cfu g−1),
each consisting of 5 replicates – were established with 20 one-day-old chickens
per replicate (300 birds in total). Growth performance, carcass yield and
characteristics, and meat quality remained unaffected. However, supplemental
PFA and PFA + B. licheniformis improved the serum biochemistry and jejunal
histomorphometry of broiler chickens (P<0.05). PFA and PFA + B. licheniformis
groups had lower thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) in liver, and freeze–thaw breast meat after 30, 60,
and 90 d of storage (P<0.05). PFA and PFA + B. licheniformis supplementation
lowered the carbonyl group in fresh and stored breast meat (P<0.05). Antibody titer against infectious bursal disease virus was higher in
the PFA + B. licheniformis group than the control group (P<0.05). It can be concluded
that PFA or PFA + B. licheniformis in broiler diets improves the health, oxidative
stability of liver and breast meat, and immune response of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Ahsan
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Burdur Vocational School of Food,
Agriculture and Livestock, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal
Campus, Burdur 15030, Turkey
- Centre for Agriculture, Livestock and Food Research, Burdur Mehmet
Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal Campus, Burdur 15030, Turkey
| | | | - Özge Sayın Özdemir
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Işıklı,
Aydın 09016, Turkey
| | - Ömer Sevim
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Işıklı,
Aydın 09016, Turkey
| | - Onur Tatlı
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Işıklı,
Aydın 09016, Turkey
| | - Eren Kuter
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, İstiklal
Campus, Burdur 15030,
Turkey
| | - Özcan Cengiz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Işıklı,
Aydın 09016, Turkey
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Thuekeaw S, Angkanaporn K, Nuengjamnong C. Microencapsulated basil oil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.) enhances growth performance, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens in the tropics. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:752-762. [PMID: 34991219 PMCID: PMC9065782 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microencapsulation is a technique to improve stability, bioavailability, and controlled release of active ingredients at a target site. This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of microencapsulated basil oil (MBO) on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility (AID), jejunal histomorphology, bacterial population as well as antioxidant capacity of broiler chickens in a tropical climate. METHODS A total of 288 one-day-old female broilers (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates of 12 birds), based on a completely randomized design. Dietary treatments were as follows: i) basal diet (NC), ii) basal diet with avilamycin at 10 ppm (PC), iii) basal diet with free basil oil (FBO) at 500 ppm, and iv) basal diet with MBO at 500 ppm, respectively. RESULTS Dietary supplementation of MBO improved average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio of broilers throughout the 42-d trial period (p<0.05), whereas MBO did not affect average daily feed intake compared with NC group. The broilers fed MBO diet exhibited a greater AID of crude protein and gross energy compared with those in other groups (p<0.05). Lactobacillus spp. and Escherichia coli populations were not affected by feeding dietary treatments. Both FBO and MBO had positive effects on jejunal villus height (VH), villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) and villus surface area of broilers compared to NC and PC groups (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase level in the duodenal mucosa of MBO group was significantly increased (p<0.01), whereas malondialdehyde level was significantly decreased (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Microencapsulation could be considered as a promising driver of the basil oil efficiency, consequently MBO at 500 ppm could be potentially used as a feed additive for improvement of intestinal integrity and nutrient utilization, leading to better performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureerat Thuekeaw
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
| | - Kris Angkanaporn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
| | - Chackrit Nuengjamnong
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
- Food Risk Hub, Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand
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Jachimowicz K, Winiarska-Mieczan A, Tomaszewska E. The Impact of Herbal Additives for Poultry Feed on the Fatty Acid Profile of Meat. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091054. [PMID: 35565481 PMCID: PMC9101922 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers often found that herbal additives to chicken feed can favorably alter the fatty acid profile of the meat. The most desirable effects of diet modification comprise an increased content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a reduced content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) in the breast and thigh muscles. A modified fatty acid profile contributes to improvement in the quality of poultry meat, which is reflected in its increased consumption. However, it may be problematic that PUFAs are oxidized easier than other lipids, which can have a negative impact on the sensory traits of meat. By contrast, herbs and herbal products contain antioxidants that can prevent the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol present in animal-origin products and increase the antioxidant potential of the consumer’s body. This paper aims to review the influence of herbal additives for broiler chicken diets on the fatty acid profile of poultry meat. Special attention was paid to changes in the content of SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs, but also alterations in the omega-6:omega-3 ratio. The presented reference literature supports the statement that herbs and bioactive components of herbs added to chicken diets can improve the quality of broiler chicken meat by altering the content of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Jachimowicz
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Winiarska-Mieczan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Microbial, immune and antioxidant responses of Nile tilapia with dietary nano-curcumin supplements under chronic low temperatures. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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de Andrade RM, Pagnussatt H, Talian LE, Santo AD, Ribeiro AB, Leite F, Mis G, Hoinoski G, Aniecevski E, Fabiani LM, Camillo G, Galli GM, da Silva AS, Petrolli TG, de Castro Tavernari F. Interaction between live vaccines for coccidiosis and phytogenic compounds in the diet of broilers. Parasitol Int 2022; 89:102584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The Role of Nutraceuticals and Phytonutrients in Chickens’ Gastrointestinal Diseases. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070892. [PMID: 35405880 PMCID: PMC8997120 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of nutraceuticals and phytonutrients in poultry nutrition has been extensively explored over the past decade. The interest in these substances is linked to the search for natural compounds that can be effectively used to prevent and treat some of the main diseases of the chicken. The serious problem of antibiotic resistance and the consequent legislative constraints on their use required the search for alternatives. The purpose of this review is to describe the current status of the effects of some substances, such as probiotics and prebiotics, organic acids, vitamins and phytogenic feed additives, focusing specifically on studies concerning the prevention and treatment of four main gastrointestinal diseases in chicken: salmonellosis, necrotic enteritis (caused by Clostridium perfringens), campylobacteriosis, and coccidiosis. A brief description of these diseases and the effects of the main bioactive principles of the nutraceutical or phytonutrient groups will be provided. Although there are conflicting results, some works show very promising effects, with a reduction in the bacterial or protozoan load following treatment. Further studies are needed to verify the real effectiveness of these compounds and make them applicable in the field. Abstract In poultry, severe gastrointestinal diseases are caused by bacteria and coccidia, with important economic losses in the poultry industry and requirement of treatments which, for years, were based on the use of antibiotics and chemotherapies. Furthermore, Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfringens, and Campylobacter jejuni can cause serious foodborne diseases in people, resulting from consumption of poultry meat, eggs, and derived products. With the spread of antibiotic resistance, which affects both animals and humans, the restriction of antibiotic use in livestock production and the identification of a list of “critically important antimicrobials” became necessary. For this reason, researchers focused on natural compounds and effective alternatives to prevent gastrointestinal disease in poultry. This review summarizes the results of several studies published in the last decade, describing the use of different nutraceutical or phytonutrients in poultry industry. The results of the use of these products are not always encouraging. While some of the alternatives have proven to be very promising, further studies will be needed to verify the efficacy and practical applicability of other compounds.
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Shahrajabian MH, Sun W, Cheng Q. Herbal Plants Application in Organic Poultry Nutrition and Production. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220308155156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Medicinal plants and natural feed additives are the most important alternatives in animal production, especially broiler production, due to the ban on the use of certain antibiotics, their cost-effectiveness and harmful residual effects.
Objective:
In this mini-review article, some important medicinal herbs and plants with positive effects on organic broiler production have been highlighted.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted in Science Direct, Google, Google Scholar, Springer, Medline and PubMed.
Results:
Medicinal plants such as ginger, ginkgo, thyme, ponderosa pine, soybean, forsythia, peppermint, Chinese star anise, astragalus, mistletoe, schisandra, cumin, capsicum, garlic, hooker chives, artichoke, Borreria latifolia, zataria, pomegranate, turmeric, lingzhi, Lippia javanica, neem, oriental chaff flower, mulberry leaf, goji berry, Aloe vera, pumpkin, grape, common nettle, marigold, coriandrum, Citrus sinensis, Alisma canaliculatum, Persian hogweed, Eucommiaulmoides, bamboo leaf extract, rosemary, Morina citrifolia, chestnut, green tea, wild mint, clove, sumac, satureja, ashwagandha, Lonicera japonica, Acacia, liquorice, Artemisia annua, milk thistle, cinnamon, black cumin and etc. have positive effects on organic broiler production.
Conclusion:
Herbal medicines lead to increased body weight due to a higher feed intake and a higher feed conversion ratio, and improve antioxidant activity of broiler chickens based on their phenolic compound contents. The combination of medicinal herbal additives also has a positive impact on broiler production. In organic broiler production with the usage of herbal plants, reducing hormones, growth promoters and antibiotics should be organized as well as considering appropriate organic feed management and higher production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenli Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, 071000, China; Global Alliance of HeBAU-CLS&HeQiS for BioAl-Manufacturing, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
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Latek U, Chłopecka M, Karlik W, Mendel M. Phytogenic Compounds for Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function in Poultry-A Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:218-236. [PMID: 34331305 DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
After the European Union ban of antibiotic growth promoters, works on different methods of improving gut health have intensified. The poultry industry is struggling with problems that were previously controlled by antibiotic growth promoters, therefore the search for optimal solutions continues. Simultaneously, there is also increasing social pressure to minimize the use of antibiotics and replace them with alternative feed additives. A variety of available alternatives is considered safe by consumers, among which phytogenics play a significant role. However, there are still some limitations that need to be considered. The most questionable are the issues related to bioavailability, metabolism of plant derivatives in birds, and the difficulty of standardizing commercial products. There is still a need for more evidence-based recommendations for the use of phytogenics in livestock. On the other hand, a positive influence of phytogenic compounds on the health of poultry has been previously described by many researchers and practical application of these compounds has auspicious perspectives in poultry production. Supplementation with phytogenic feed additives has been shown to protect birds from various environmental threats leading to impaired intestinal barrier function. Phytogenic feed additives have the potential to improve the overall structure of intestinal mucosa as well as gut barrier function on a molecular level. Recognition of the phytogenics' effect on the components of the intestinal barrier may enable the selection of the most suitable ones to alleviate negative effects of different agents. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the influence of various phytogenic constituents on the intestinal barrier and health of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Latek
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chłopecka
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Karlik
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Mendel
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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Gholami‐Ahangaran M, Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi A, Azizi S, Basiratpour A, Zokaei M, Derakhshan M. Thymol and carvacrol supplementation in poultry health and performance. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:267-288. [PMID: 34761555 PMCID: PMC8788968 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymol and carvacrol as natural essential oils and phenol compounds are components derived from some medicinal plants, such as thyme and oregano species. OBJECTIVES The increasing demands in organic and healthy meat and egg consumption in human society have made it necessary to consider alternative natural compounds for the replacement of chemical compounds in poultry production. The chemical compounds can remain in meat and eggs and cause complications in human health. Therefore, these natural compounds can be fed with a higher safety in poultry production with specific effects. In this regard, the role of thymol and carvacrol as natural compounds in the poultry production has been discussed in the review. METHODS In this study, by searching for keywords related to thymol and carvacrol in poultry production in Google Scholar database, the articles related to different aspects of the biological effects of these two phytogenes in poultry production were selected and analyzed. RESULTS A review of previous studies has shown that thymol and carvacrol possess a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, modulating of immunity response and regulating of the gut microbial population. Also, in meat type chickens can promote growth and influence feed utilization. The beneficial effect of this compound was evaluated in hepatic toxicity and demonstrated as a hepatoprotective compound in chickens. Furthermore, these compounds can affect the behavior of layers and influence egg composition, eggshell thickness, and the sensory quality of eggs. CONCLUSION It seems that with the increasing demand for healthy protein products, these compounds can be used to improve performance as a substitute alternative for chemical compounds in healthy poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Gholami‐Ahangaran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShahrekordIran
| | - Asiye Ahmadi‐Dastgerdi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ardestan BranchIslamic Azad UniversityArdestanIran
| | - Shahrzad Azizi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanIran
| | - Asal Basiratpour
- Graduated of Basic Sciences FacultyPayame Noor UniversityIsfahan BranchIsfahanIran
| | - Maryam Zokaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Science, Food Science and Technology/National Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Masoud Derakhshan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Shoushtar BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShoushtarIran
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Yu M, Jeon JO, Cho HM, Hong JS, Kim YB, Nawarathne SR, Wickramasuriya SS, Yi YJ, Lee H, Wan V, Ng NKJ, Tan CH, Heo JM. Broiler responses to dietary 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and oregano extracts under Eimeria challenge conditions. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1362-1375. [PMID: 34957450 PMCID: PMC8672266 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combination 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic
acid (THB) and oregano extracts (i.e., Carvacrol and Thymol) at intake/dietary different levels
on growth performance, intestinal health indicators, immune responses and fecal oocyst shedding
in broiler chickens under Eimeria challenged condition. A total of 336
one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments with seven
replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were: i) Non-challenged bird without any dietary
treatment (NCNT), ii) Challenged bird without any dietary treatment (CNT), iii) Challenged
birds fed a THB diet (0.1 g/kg, THB), iv) Challenged birds fed a combination of THB and oregano
extracts diet (0.1 g/kg, COM 100), and a gradual increase of combination of THB and oregano
extracts likely v) 0.15 g/kg (COM 150), and 0.2 g/kg (COM 200). On day 14, all groups except
for NCNT have orally challenged with a 10-fold dose of Livacox® T anticoccidial vaccine
to trigger coccidiosis. The results indicated that Eimeria-challenged broilers
fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p < 0.05) body weight than CNT
diet on day 35. Furthermore, birds fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p
< 0.05) average daily gain compared to those fed CNT diets for the entire experimental
period. There is no significant (p > 0.05) in average daily feed
intake, feed efficiency between NCNT and birds fed with combined THB and oregano extracts for
the entire experimental period. A combination of THB and oregano extract regardless of
concentration levels or THB alone reduced (p < 0.05) lesion score in
ileum compared to the CNT diet for 7 days post-infection (dpi). Birds fed COM 100 diet had
lower (p < 0.05) intestinal lesion scores in jejunum and caeca on 7 dpi
compared to those were in the CNT diet. No (p > 0.05) difference was
observed in the oocysts per gram of feces count, intestinal morphology, carcass traits and
blood cytokine concentration among the infected treatments. Collectively, we conclude that
birds fed with a combination of THB and oregano extracts regardless of the ratios that were
used demonstrated better recovery of health after the coccidial challenge than using only THB
alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Oh Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jun Seon Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Yu Bin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Shan Randima Nawarathne
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Young-Joo Yi
- Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Hans Lee
- Kemin Industries, 758200, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Almeida AB, Araújo DN, Strapazzon JV, Rita C, Dilda A, Balen G, Deolindo GL, Nesi D, Furlan VJM, Pelisser G, Mendes RE, Fracasso M, Wagner R, Boiago MM, Silva ASDA. Use of blend based on an emulsifier, monolaurin, and glycerides of butyric acid in the diet of broilers: impacts on intestinal health, performance, and meat. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20210687. [PMID: 34909829 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120210687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the addition of a blend based on α-monolaurin mono-, di- and triglycerides of butyric acid, and lysolecithin on the performance even on diets containing reduced inclusion of oil in the diet and without the use of growth-promoting antibiotics of broilers considering the effect on health, performance, and meat. Three treatments were defined: positive control (TP: with enramycin), negative control (TN: no enramycin), and blend (T-FRA: with monolaurin and glycerides of acid butyric minus 0.8% soybean oil). At 21 days, broilers treated with TP and T-FRA obtained the lower feed conversion ratio (FC); at 35 days, T-FRA broilers obtained lower FC than TN broilers. Cholesterol levels were higher in the blood of T-FRA broilers. On day 42, levels of ROS and TBARS were lower in the intestine, muscles, and liver of T-FRA broilers. Moreover, glutathione S-transferase and total non-enzymatic antioxidants were greater at the intestinal and muscular levels. The T-FRA broilers had a lower percentage of lipids in the meat. The MIC indicated that 111mg of the blend/mL inhibited the growth of E. coli; however, the counts of total coliforms and E. coli in the feces and the broilers' litter did not differ between treatments. In conclusion, the addition of the blend T-FRA in broiler diets was able to improve the feed conversion and maintain the other performance parameters even considering a reduction of 0.8% in the inclusion of oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Denise N Araújo
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - João V Strapazzon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Cleiciane Rita
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dilda
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Giovana Balen
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Deolindo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação de Zootecnia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniela Nesi
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Valcenir J M Furlan
- Universidade Federal do PAMPA, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Brito, s/n, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil
| | - Giovana Pelisser
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Rodovia SC 283, Km 17, 89703-720 Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - Ricardo E Mendes
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Rodovia SC 283, Km 17, 89703-720 Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - Mateus Fracasso
- Centro de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa em Patologia Veterinária, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), Rodovia SC 283, Km 17, 89703-720 Concordia, SC, Brazil
| | - Roger Wagner
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Av. Roraima, 1000, Cidade Universitária, Camobi, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcel M Boiago
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S DA Silva
- Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Departamento de Zootecnia, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin, 680E, Santo Antônio, 89815-630 Chapecó, SC, Brazil
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Phytogenic Feed Additives in Poultry: Achievements, Prospective and Challenges. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123471. [PMID: 34944248 PMCID: PMC8698016 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Plant secondary metabolites and essential oils also known as phytogenics are biologically active compounds that have recently attracted increased interest as feed additives in poultry production, due to their ability to promote feed efficiency by enhancing the production of digestive secretions and nutrient absorption, reduce pathogenic load in the gut, exert antioxidant properties and decrease the microbial burden on the animal’s immune status. However, the mechanisms are far from being fully elucidated. Better understanding the interaction of phytogenics with gastrointestinal function and health as well as other feed ingredients/additives is crucial to design potentially cost-effective blends. Abstract Phytogenic feed additives have been largely tested in poultry production with the aim to identify their effects on the gastrointestinal function and health, and their implications on the birds’ systemic health and welfare, the production efficiency of flocks, food safety, and environmental impact. These feed additives originating from plants, and consisting of herbs, spices, fruit, and other plant parts, include many different bioactive ingredients. Reviewing published documents about the supplementation of phytogenic feed additives reveals contradictory results regarding their effectiveness in poultry production. This indicates that more effort is still needed to determine the appropriate inclusion levels and fully elucidate their mode of actions. In this frame, this review aimed to sum up the current trends in the use of phytogenic feed additives in poultry with a special focus on their interaction with gut ecosystem, gut function, in vivo oxidative status and immune system as well as other feed additives, especially organic acids.
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Nooreh Z, Taherpour K, Ghasemi HA, Akbari Gharaei M, Shirzadi H. Protective and immunostimulatory effects of in-feed preparations of an anticoccidial, a probiotic, a vitamin-selenium complex, and Ferulago angulata extract in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria species. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:307. [PMID: 34526018 PMCID: PMC8442408 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two experiments were conducted to compare the growth-promoting (experiment 1), protective, and immunostimulatory effects (experiment 2) of salinomycin, probiotic, a vitamin-selenium complex, and Ferulago angulata hydroalcoholic extract (FAE) against coccidiosis in broilers. In each experiment, 350 1-day-old broiler chickens were equally divided in 7 groups: uninfected negative control (NC); infected positive control (PC); or PC supplemented with salinomycin (Sal); probiotic (Pro); a combination of vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium (ECSe); 200 mg/kg of FAE (FAE200); or 400 mg/kg of FAE (FAE400). All these groups (except NC) were challenged via oral gavage with oocysts of mixed Eimeria spp. on d 10 (experiment 1) or d 14 (experiment 2). Results In the first trial, all treatments improved growth and feed conversion compared with the PC group, where the best values were noticed in the NC and FAE400 groups throughout the entire experimental period (d 1 to 42). Further, a lower mortality rate (P < 0.05) was observed in the NC, Sal, and FAE400 groups as compared to that in the PC group. In the second trial, intestinal lesion scores and total oocyst numbers were reduced in the Sal, Pro, and FAE400 groups compared to the PC group, albeit all coccidiosis-challenged groups had higher oocyst shedding (P < 0.05) compared to NC group. Immune responses revealed that among challenged birds, those fed diets Pro, ECSE, and FAE400 had significantly higher primary total and secondary total and IgG antibody titers against sheep red blood cells, serum and cecum specific IgG levels, and serum IFN-γ concentration than the PC group. Conclusions Considering the results, dietary FAE, especially at high levels of inclusion in broiler diet (400 mg/kg), could beneficially influence growth performance and immune status under coccidiosis challenge, which was comparable to that of probiotic supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nooreh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Kamran Taherpour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
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Tolve R, Tchuenbou-Magaia F, Di Cairano M, Caruso MC, Scarpa T, Galgano F. Encapsulation of bioactive compounds for the formulation of functional animal feeds: The biofortification of derivate foods. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Scicutella F, Mannelli F, Daghio M, Viti C, Buccioni A. Polyphenols and Organic Acids as Alternatives to Antimicrobials in Poultry Rearing: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10081010. [PMID: 34439059 PMCID: PMC8388986 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades antibiotics have been used in poultry rearing to support high levels of production. Nevertheless, several problems have arisen because of the misuse of antibiotics (i.e., antibiotic resistance, residues in animal products, environmental pollution). Thus, the European Union (EU) as well as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) promote action plans to diminish the use of antibiotics in animal production. Alternatives to antibiotics have been studied. Polyphenols (PPs) or organic acids (OAs) seem to be two accredited solutions. Phenolic compounds, such as phenols, flavonoids, and tannins exert their antimicrobial effect with specific mechanisms. In contrast, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), the OAs mainly used as antibiotics alternative, act on the pathogens depending on the pKa value. This review aims to collect the literature reporting the effects of these substances applied as antimicrobial molecules or growth promoter in poultry feeding (both for broilers and laying hens). Organic acids and PPs can be used individually or in blends, exploiting the properties of each component. Collected data highlighted that further research needs to focus on OAs in laying hens' feeding and also determine the right combination in blends with PPs.
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Armanini EH, Boiago MM, Cécere BGDO, Oliveira PV, Teixeira CJS, Strapazzon JV, Bottari NB, Silva AD, Fracasso M, Vendruscolo RG, Wagner R, Gloria EMD, Horn VW, Mendes RE, Baldissera MD, Vedovatto M, Da Silva AS. Protective effects of silymarin in broiler feed contaminated by mycotoxins: growth performance, meat antioxidant status, and fatty acid profiles. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:442. [PMID: 34410508 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the inclusion of silymarin in broiler feed was able to mitigate the adverse effects of mycotoxin on growth performance, health status, liver oxidative stress, and meat fatty acid profiles. A completely randomized design with four treatments, four repetitions, and 15 chicks per repetition was used, with the following groups: (a) feed without additives (NoMyc-NoSil), (b) feed supplemented with silymarin (NoMyc-Sil), (c) feed contaminated with mycotoxin (Myc-NoSil), and (d) feed contaminated with mycotoxin and supplemented with silymarin (Myc-Sil). Growth performance, intestinal and liver health, and meat quality were assessed. The consumption of feed contaminated with mycotoxin delayed weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio; however, the addition of silymarin prevented these adverse effects on the chicken industry. Serum ALT activity was higher in Myc-NoSil broilers than in other groups. Intake of silymarin in healthy birds increased serum globulin concentration and reduced albumin concentration and ALT and AST serum activities compared to the Myc-NoSil group. The NoMyc-Sil birds had greater villus heights and crypt depths. Luminosity and water loss by cooking were affected by mycotoxin ingestion, changes that did not occur in the meat of birds that were supplemented with silymarin. The sum of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the meat did not change among treatments, unlike the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids higher in the meat of birds that consumed silymarin. We conclude that silymarin is a potential additive in broiler feed; it reduces impairment of growth performance at the end of the productive cycle, prevents oxidative stress, improves meat quality, and increases polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo H Armanini
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcel M Boiago
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno G de Oliveira Cécere
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos J S Teixeira
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - João V Strapazzon
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Nathieli B Bottari
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Anielen D Silva
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Mateus Fracasso
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Science, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor W Horn
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), SC, Concórdia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo E Mendes
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Instituto Federal Catarinense (IFC), SC, Concórdia, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Vedovatto
- Unidade Universitária de Aquidauana, Universidade Estadual do Mato Grosso do Sul, Aquidauana, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, University of the State of Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
- Department of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Campigotto G, Jaguezeski AM, Alba DF, Giombelli LCD, da Rosa G, Souza CF, Baldissera MD, Petrolli TG, da Silva AS. Microencapsulated phytogenic in dog feed modulates immune responses, oxidative status and reduces bacterial (Salmonella and Escherichia coli) counts in feces. Microb Pathog 2021; 159:105113. [PMID: 34333073 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Improving the health and immunity of pets is a concern of the guardians, while maintaining the health of the animals directly impacts the owners' health and public health. The objective of this study was to produce a dog feed containing a microencapsulated phytogenic blend, as well as determine the impact of the additive on animal health and its intestinal microbiota. The composition included microencapsulated thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde, at 300 mg/kg of feed. Ten male beagle dogs were divided into two groups, identified as follows: the control group (C; ingested the feed without the additive) and the treated group (T; consumed feed containing the phytogenic blend). The dogs received 300 g of feed/day divided into two meals. Greater neutrophil counts in group T and lymphocyte counts were observed at the end of the experiment, as well as levels of α2-globulins and γ-globulin, while β1 and β2-globulins levels were lower in group T. Serum nitrogen oxide levels were higher in group T. Levels of reactive oxygen species were lower in group T at days 30 and 45, unlike activity of glutathione peroxidase that was higher. We found less bacterial contamination in the feces of dogs in group T, i.e., total bacterial count, total coliform counts, and counts of Salmonella and Escherichia coli were lower on days 30 and 45. Phytogenic blend intake reduces bacterial counts in stool and improves antioxidant/oxidative status and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Campigotto
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Zootecnia, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Antonise M Jaguezeski
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Davi F Alba
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Zootecnia, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Laura C D Giombelli
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Zootecnia, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Gilnéia da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Zootecnia, Universidade Do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Carine F Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago G Petrolli
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Do Oeste de Santa Catarina, Xanxerê, SC, Brazil
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Qaid MM, Al-Mufarrej SI, Azzam MM, Al-Garadi MA, Alqhtani AH, H. Fazea E, Suliman GM, Alhidary IA. Effect of Rumex nervosus Leaf Powder on the Breast Meat Quality, Carcass Traits, and Performance Indices of Eimeria tenella Oocyst-Infected Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1551. [PMID: 34073376 PMCID: PMC8228268 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to assess the effect of using the RNL on performance indices, carcass trait, and meat quality of broiler chicken infected with Eimeria tenella compared with commercially used anticoccidials salinomycin. Moreover, we compare these selected variables between infected medicated groups and a non-infected unmedicated group (UUT) and an infected unmedicated group (IUT). A total of 150 1-day-old Ross 308 mixed-sex broilers were divided into 6 groups. Birds in groups 1, 2, and 3 were fed basic diets supplemented with 1, 3, and 5 g of RNL/kg diet, respectively. Group 4 received a basic diet with 66 mg of salinomycin. The control groups (5 and 6) were given a basic diet with no RNL or salinomycin added. All groups except the negative controls were challenged with Eimeria tenella at 21 days old. Birds in RNL groups outperformed those in the IUT group in performance indices, and they have a similar effect to the salinomycin group. Enhancement-infected birds with RNL affected some chickens' carcass traits. Drip loss, water-holding capacity, and meat tenderness were improved by RNL inclusion (1 g) in the diet. In conclusion, the meat of infected birds receiving 1 g RNL had increased quality attributes, with preferable tenderness and springiness when compared to the IUT group. RNL could therefore also be considered a promising non-conventional feed source in the future. Further research is needed to optimize the use of RNL to improve broilers production and meat quality in both infected and non-infected conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Qaid
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar 13020, Yemen
| | - Saud I. Al-Mufarrej
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Mahmoud M. Azzam
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
- Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Maged A. Al-Garadi
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar 13020, Yemen
| | - Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Esam H. Fazea
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
| | - Gamaleldin M. Suliman
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
- Department of Meat Production, Faculty of Animal Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Animal Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.I.A.-M.); (M.M.A.); (M.A.A.-G.); (A.H.A.); (E.H.F.); (G.M.S.); (I.A.A.)
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Effects of essential oil on growth performance, digestibility, immunity, and intestinal health in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101242. [PMID: 34174571 PMCID: PMC8242051 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are concentrated hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aromatic compounds obtained from plants, which have properties as withdrawn antibiotic growth promoters. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of EO on growth performance, digestibility, immunity and intestinal health in broilers. A total of 500 1-day-old Arbor Acre broilers were randomly put into five groups with 10 replicate cages containing 10 birds each. Birds in the 5 groups were fed a basal diet (CON), and basal diet with 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg EO (EO0.5, EO1, EO2 and EO4) for 42 d respectively. Birds were euthanized at 21d and 42 d, blood and tissue samples were collected. In the study, the digestibility of DM, GE and EE in groups with EO supplementation were significantly increased compared with CON group (P < 0.05). However, only EO2 and EO4 significantly increased the digestibility of CP compared with CON group (P < 0.05). In contrast to CON group, EO0.5 and EO1 in jejunum at 21 d, and EO1 in jejunum at 42 d markedly increased the activity of sucrase (P < 0.05). In addition, the level of SOD of EO2 and EO4 in serum at 21 d was significantly increased compared with CON group (P < 0.05). What's more, the concentration of intestinal mucosa SIgA in jejunum and ileum at 21 d of groups with EO supplementation was significantly increased compared with CON group (P < 0.05). Moreover, V/C in jejunum at 21 d of groups with EO supplementation, CD in jejunum at 42 d was also significantly increased to compare with CON group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of critical genes associated with nutrient transportation (i.e., GLUT2, SGLT1, SLC38A, SLC79A and SLC27A4) and barrier function (TJP1) were quadratically and linearly up-regulated in jejunum and ileum with EO supplementation (P < 0.05). These results suggest that EO has a positive impact on growth, immunity and intestinal health in broilers, and 200 mg/kg of EO was recommended in broiler diet.
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Effect of curcumin dietary supplementation on growth performance, physiology, carcass characteristics and meat quality in lambs. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of curcumin dietary supplementation on growth, physiology, carcass characteristics and meat quality in lambs. Thirty-two male Lacaune lambs (15.6 ± 0.63 kg, 60 ± 2.8 days of age) were randomly allocated in 16 pens (four treatments of four replicates with two lambs each) for 30 days. The animals were assigned to the following treatments: T0, T100, T200 and T300, representing 0, 100, 200 and 300 mg of curcumin/kg of concentrate, respectively. Curcumin dietary supplementation increased (P = 0.02) weight gain; on regression analysis, 315.1 mg curcumin/kg of concentrate was the dosage that provided the greatest weight gain. T200 and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.04) erythrocytes numbers; T100 and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.01) leukocyte numbers and T300 lambs had lower (P = 0.04) lymphocyte numbers, compared to T0 lambs. Globulin levels were significantly greater in the T200 group (P = 0.04) only on day 15 but not day 30; levels of total protein were significantly higher (P = 0.01) only in T200 and T300 group on day 15 and only in T200 group on d 30. Gamma-glutamyltransferase concentrations tended to be lower (P = 0.08) in T100, T200 and T300 group on d 15, and only in the T100 group on d 30. Curcumin dietary supplementation increased (P = 0.01) the serum activity of antioxidant enzymes and reduced (P = 0.01) levels of reactive oxygen species. In meat samples, T200 and T300 had greater total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.03) and lower (P = 0.01) lipoperoxidation rates. In carcasses, T300 lambs had greater (P ≤ 0.02) cooling weight losses and yields than did T0 lambs. Curcumin dietary supplementation also reduced (P ≤ 0.03) redness and yellowness. T200 and T300 lambs had fewer (P = 0.01) cooking losses and T200 lambs had greater (P = 0.03) water holding capacity than did T0 lambs. These findings suggest that curcumin dietary supplementation improves growth and antioxidant responses, as well as influencing meat quality in lambs.
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da Silva Frasao B, Lima Dos Santos Rosario AI, Leal Rodrigues B, Abreu Bitti H, Diogo Baltar J, Nogueira RI, Pereira da Costa M, Conte-Junior CA. Impact of juçara (Euterpe edulis) fruit waste extracts on the quality of conventional and antibiotic-free broiler meat. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101232. [PMID: 34225206 PMCID: PMC8260869 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Juçara (Euterpe edulis) is a native Brazilian palm tree from the Atlantic Forest, whose fruit-processing waste can present high concentration of antioxidant compounds. This research was assessed to determine the antioxidant potential of juçara waste extracts aiming to reduce the lipid and protein oxidation processes on conventional and antibiotic-free broiler meat throughout 9 d during refrigerated storage. The juçara waste extracts were obtained by microwave-assisted extraction. Two different extracts were tested based on the optimum point obtained when checking total phenolic (TPC) contents (Extract P) and antioxidant activity (Extract A) based on a previous study. The treatments using conventional and antibiotic-free broiler meat included: chicken patties without antioxidant addition (AFBNC and CBNC), with synthetic antioxidant (BHT) (AFBPC and CBPC), with Extract P (AFBEP and CBEP) and with Extract A (AFBEA and CBEA), totaling 8 treatments. Antioxidant activity of extracts along with TPC, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and tannin contents of extracts and patties were assessed. Proximate composition, fatty acid profile, lipid and protein oxidation process, and instrumental color were analyzed in patty treatments. Although both extracts had similar content of TPC and tannin, extract A presented the highest anthocyanin, while extract P exhibited the highest flavonoid. While extract A exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, extract P was highly influential in the stability of lipid oxidative degradation in both types of broiler meat (AFBEP and CBEP), and as successful as BHT (AFBPC and CBPC). In addition, extract P was also able to stabilize protein oxidation in conventional broiler meat (CBEP) from the third day, until the end of the storage period. Therefore, the fruit waste extract P of juçara can be a promising source of natural antioxidants to prevent the oxidative process in conventional and antibiotic-free broiler meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz da Silva Frasao
- Centro Laboratorial Analítico, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ, 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Anisio Iuri Lima Dos Santos Rosario
- Laboratório de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Leite e Derivados (LAITLACTEOS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ, 24220-000, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil
| | - Bruna Leal Rodrigues
- Centro Laboratorial Analítico, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ, 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Hariadyne Abreu Bitti
- Centro Laboratorial Analítico, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ, 24230-340, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Diogo Baltar
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Regina Isabel Nogueira
- Embrapa Food Technology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marion Pereira da Costa
- Laboratório de Inspeção e Tecnologia de Leite e Derivados (LAITLACTEOS), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Centro Laboratorial Analítico, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ, 24230-340, Brazil; Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói, RJ, 24220-000, Brazil; Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil; Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-598, Brazil; Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil; Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil; Graduate Program in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-909, Brazil
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Armanini EH, Boiago MM, de Oliveira PV, Roscamp E, Strapazzon JV, de Lima AG, Copetti PM, Morsch VM, de Oliveira FC, Wagner R, Santurio JM, da Rosa G, Da Silva AS. Inclusion of a phytogenic bend in broiler diet as a performance enhancer and anti-aflatoxin agent: Impacts on health, performance, and meat quality. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:186-193. [PMID: 34000649 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether a phytogenic blend (PB), formulated based on organic acids, tannins, curcumin, and essential oils, could replace the antimicrobials commonly used as growth promoters in the poultry industry without compromising zootechnical performance, health, or meat quality. In addition, our goal was to report the anti-aflatoxin effect of this phytogenic blend. Four treatments were used: TC, or control; T250, T500, and T1000, representing test doses of 250, 500, 1000 mg PB/kg of feed, respectively, or a 34-day experiment (initial and growth phases). On day 22 of the study and age of the birds, 500 ppb of aflatoxin was included in the diet to represent an intestinal challenge and to evaluate the growth-promoting effects of PB. In the initial phase (up to 21 days), there were no differences between groups in weight gain, feed intake, or feed conversion. After adding an aflatoxin-contaminated feed, doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg minimized the adverse effects on feed consumption and feed conversion caused by aflatoxin; but 1000 mg/kg did not differ between groups. In birds that consumed PB (T250, T500, and T1000) compared to the control, there were the following changes: 1) lower counts of heterophiles, lymphocytes, and monocytes; 2) lower lipid peroxidation and high non-protein thiols levels in breast meat; 3) lower bacteria counts in broiler litter; and 4) lower ALT levels. Greater intestinal villus/crypt ratios were observed at T250 and T500. The dose of 250 mg/kg reduced saturated fatty acids and increased unsaturated fatty acids. The chemical-physical composition of the meat did not differ between treatments. The findings suggest that the addition of a PB has a high potential to improve performance for chickens in the growing stage and minimize the adverse effects of aflatoxicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo H Armanini
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcel M Boiago
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vinícius de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Roscamp
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - João V Strapazzon
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Andressa G de Lima
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Priscila M Copetti
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Vera M Morsch
- Graduate Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Roger Wagner
- Department of Food Science, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Janio M Santurio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, UFSM, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gilnéia da Rosa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aleksandro S Da Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Chapecó, SC, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
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Rostami F, Taherpour K, Ghasemi HA, Akbari Gharaei M, Shirzadi H. Effects of Scrophularia striata hydroalcoholic extract in comparison to salinomycin on growth performance, intestinal health and immunity in broiler chickens following a mixed-species Eimeria challenge. Vet Parasitol 2021; 293:109417. [PMID: 33819905 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Poultry coccidiosis is an important disease affecting performance which is characterized by intestinal epithelium damageand increased mortality and is caused by the protozoa parasites of the genus Eimeria. This study evaluated the growth-promoting (experiment 1), protective, and immunostimulatory effects (experiment 2) of salinomycin and Scrophularia striata hydroalcoholic extract (SSE) against coccidiosis in broilers. Two experiments were conducted with 300 1-day-old broiler chickens, which were randomly assigned to 5 treatments with 6 replicate pens of 10 birds (experiment 1) or 10 replicate cages of 6 birds (experiment 2). In both experiments, treatments were: negative control (NC: untreated, and uninfected); positive control (PC: untreated, infected); or PC supplemented with salinomycin (Sal); 200 mg/kg of SSE (SSE200); or 400 mg/kg of SSE (SSE400). All these groups (except NC) were challenged via oral gavage with of sporulated oocysts of Eimeria species (Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria tenella) on d 10 (experiment 1) or d 14 (experiment 2). In the first trial, all treatments improved growth and feed conversion compared with the PC group, where the best values were noticed in the NC, SAL, and SSE400 groups throughout the entire experimental period (d 1-42). Further, a lower mortality rate (P < 0.05) was observed in the NC, Sal, and SSE400 groups as compared to that in the PC group. In the second trial, intestinal lesion scores and total oocyst numbers were reduced in the Sal and SSE400 groups compared to the PC group, although all coccidiosis-challenged groups had higher intestinal lesion scores (P < 0.05) compared to NC group. Immune responses revealed that among challenged birds, those fed diets Sal and SSE400 had significantly higher Eimeria-specific cecum IgG and IgM levels, but lower serum IFN-γ concentration than the PC group. Among the experimental treatments, broiler chickens fed diet SSE400 had greater (P < 0.05) Eimeria-specific serum IgG and TGF-β levels, but lower (P < 0.05) serum IL-6 concentration than those fed the PC diet at d 24. Considering the results, dietary SSE, especially at high levels of inclusion in broiler diet (400 mg/kg), could result in a comparable growth performance and a better immune response, compared to a salinomycin supplement under coccidiosis challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Rostami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
| | - Kamran Taherpour
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ali Ghasemi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Shirzadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
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Evangelista AG, Corrêa JAF, Pinto ACSM, Luciano FB. The impact of essential oils on antibiotic use in animal production regarding antimicrobial resistance - a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5267-5283. [PMID: 33554635 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1883548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Population growth directly affects the global food supply, demanding a higher production efficiency without farmland expansion - in view of limited land resources and biodiversity loss worldwide. In such scenario, intensive agriculture practices have been widely used. A commonly applied method to maximize yield in animal production is the use of subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics as growth promoters. Because of the strong antibiotic selection pressure generated, the intense use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) has been associated to the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Also, cross-resistance can occur, leading to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens and limiting treatment options in both human and animal health. Thereon, alternatives have been studied to replace AGP in animal production. Among such alternatives, essential oils and essential oil components (EOC) stand out positively from others due to, besides antimicrobial effectiveness, improving zootechnical indexes and modulating genes involved in resistance mechanisms. This review summarizes recent studies in essential oils and EOC for zoonotic bacteria control, providing detailed information about the molecular-level effects of their use in regard to AMR, and identifying important gaps to be filled within the animal production area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Prado Velho - Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jessica Audrey Feijó Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Prado Velho - Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Bittencourt Luciano
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Prado Velho - Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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