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Hou C. Energetic cost of biosynthesis is a missing link between growth and longevity in mammals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315921121. [PMID: 38709928 PMCID: PMC11098097 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315921121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The comparative studies of aging have established a negative correlation between Gompertz postnatal growth constant and maximum lifespan across mammalian species, but the underlying physiological mechanism remains unclear. This study shows that the Gompertz growth constant can be decomposed into two energetic components, mass-specific metabolic rate and the energetic cost of biosynthesis, and that after controlling the former as a confounder, the negative correlation between growth constant and lifespan still exists due to a 100-fold variation in the latter, revealing that the energetic cost of biosynthesis is a link between growth and longevity in mammals. Previously, the energetic cost of biosynthesis has been thought to be a constant across species and therefore was not considered a contributor to the variation in any life history traits, such as growth and lifespan. This study employs a recently proposed model based on energy conservation to explain the physiological effect of the variation in this energetic cost on the aging process and illustrates its role in linking growth and lifespan. The conventional life history theory suggested a tradeoff between growth and somatic maintenance, but the findings in this study suggest that allocating more energy to biosynthesis may enhance the somatic maintenance and extend lifespan and, hence, reveal a more complex nature of the tradeoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hou
- Biology Department, College of Arts, Sciences, and Education, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO65401
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2
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Kamakura S, Bilcke G, Sato S. Transcriptional responses to salinity-induced changes in cell wall morphology of the euryhaline diatom Pleurosira laevis. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:308-326. [PMID: 38446079 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular algae with morphologically diverse silica cell walls, which are called frustules. The mechanism of frustule morphogenesis has attracted attention in biology and nanomaterials engineering. However, the genetic regulation of the morphology remains unclear. We therefore used transcriptome sequencing to search for genes involved in frustule morphology in the centric diatom Pleurosira laevis, which exhibits morphological plasticity between flat and domed valve faces in salinity 2 and 7, respectively. We observed differential expression of transposable elements (TEs) and transporters, likely due to osmotic response. Up-regulation of mechanosensitive ion channels and down-regulation of Ca2+-ATPases in cells with flat valves suggested that cytosolic Ca2+ levels were changed between the morphologies. Calcium signaling could be a mechanism for detecting osmotic pressure changes and triggering morphological shifts. We also observed an up-regulation of ARPC1 and annexin, involved in the regulation of actin filament dynamics known to affect frustule morphology, as well as the up-regulation of genes encoding frustule-related proteins such as BacSETs and frustulin. Taken together, we propose a model in which salinity-induced morphogenetic changes are driven by upstream responses, such as the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels, and downstream responses, such as Ca2+-dependent regulation of actin dynamics and frustule-related proteins. This study highlights the sensitivity of euryhaline diatoms to environmental salinity and the role of active cellular processes in controlling gross valve morphology under different osmotic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Kamakura
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui, Japan
| | - Gust Bilcke
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shinya Sato
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui, Japan
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3
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Hsieh Y, Augur ZM, Arbery M, Ashour N, Barrett K, Pearse RV, Tio ES, Duong DM, Felsky D, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Seyfried NT, Young‐Pearse TL. Person-specific differences in ubiquitin-proteasome mediated proteostasis in human neurons. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2952-2967. [PMID: 38470006 PMCID: PMC11032531 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been implicated in abnormal protein accumulation in Alzheimer's disease. It remains unclear if genetic variation affects the intrinsic properties of neurons that render some individuals more vulnerable to UPS impairment. METHODS Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons were generated from over 50 genetically variant and highly characterized participants of cohorts of aging. Proteomic profiling, proteasome activity assays, and Western blotting were employed to examine neurons at baseline and in response to UPS perturbation. RESULTS Neurons with lower basal UPS activity were more vulnerable to tau accumulation following mild UPS inhibition. Chronic reduction in proteasome activity in human neurons induced compensatory elevation of regulatory proteins involved in proteostasis and several proteasome subunits. DISCUSSION These findings reveal that genetic variation influences basal UPS activity in human neurons and differentially sensitizes them to external factors perturbing the UPS, leading to the accumulation of aggregation-prone proteins such as tau. HIGHLIGHTS Polygenic risk score for AD is associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in neurons. Basal proteasome activity correlates with aggregation-prone protein levels in neurons. Genetic variation affects the response to proteasome inhibition in neurons. Neuronal proteasome perturbation induces an elevation in specific proteins involved in proteostasis. Low basal proteasome activity leads to enhanced tau accumulation with UPS challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Chen Hsieh
- Ann Romney Centerfor Neurologic DiseasesDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Zachary M. Augur
- Ann Romney Centerfor Neurologic DiseasesDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mason Arbery
- Ann Romney Centerfor Neurologic DiseasesDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nancy Ashour
- Ann Romney Centerfor Neurologic DiseasesDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Katharine Barrett
- Ann Romney Centerfor Neurologic DiseasesDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Richard V. Pearse
- Ann Romney Centerfor Neurologic DiseasesDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Earvin S. Tio
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Duc M. Duong
- Department of BiochemistryEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Daniel Felsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Institute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Krembil Centre for NeuroinformaticsCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational NeuroimmunologyDepartment of Neurology and the Taub Institute for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease CenterRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Department of BiochemistryEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of NeurologyEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Tracy L. Young‐Pearse
- Ann Romney Centerfor Neurologic DiseasesDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Pandey AK, Trivedi V. Hemin competitively inhibits HSPA8 ATPase activity mitigating its foldase function. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 752:109889. [PMID: 38215959 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Hemolysis in red blood cells followed by hemoglobin degradation results in high hemin levels in the systemic circulation. Such a level of hemin is disastrous for cells and tissues and is considerably responsible for the pathologies of diseases like severe malaria. Hemin's hydrophobic chemical nature and structure allow it to bind several proteins leading to their functional modification. Such modifications in physiologically relevant proteins can have a high impact on various cellular processes. HSPA8 is a chaperone that has a protective role in oxidative stress by aiding protein refolding. Through ATPase activity assays we found that hemin can competitively inhibit ATP hydrolysis by the chaperone HSPA8. Hemin as such does not affect the structural integrity of the protein which is inferred from CD spectroscopy and Gel filtration but it hinders the ATP-dependent foldase function of the chaperone. HSPA8 was not able to cause the refolding of the model protein lysozyme in the presence of hemin. The loss in HSPA8 function was due to competition between hemin and ATP as the chaperone was able to regain the foldase function when the concentration of ATP was gradually increased with hemin present at the inhibitory concentration. In-silico studies to establish the competition for the specific binding site revealed that ATP was unable to replace hemin from the ATP binding pocket of HSPA8 and was forced to form a non-specific and unstable complex. In-vitro isothermal calorimetry revealed that the affinity of ATP for binding to HSPA8 was reduced 22 folds in the presence of hemin. The prevention of HSPA8's cytoprotective function by hemin can be a major factor contributing to the overall cellular damage during hemin accumulation in the case of severe malaria and other hemolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Kumar Pandey
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Malaria Research Group, Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Wang X, Yan J, Ni X, Hu S, Zhang M, Ying Y. Phloretin targets SIRT1 to alleviate oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in deep venous thrombosis. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:83-96. [PMID: 38223667 PMCID: PMC10786814 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a type of venous thromboembolism posing a serious threat to health on a global scale. Phloretin is a potential natural product that has a variety of pharmacological activities. Besides, some Chinese medicines reported that deacetylase sirtuin (SIRT)1 treats DVT by anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet production. However, the specific binding targets and binding modes have not been elaborated. The present study was to investigate whether phloretin attenuates DVT in model rats and oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL) induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and to explore its potential target. The results revealed that the treatment of phloretin, especially pretreatment of it elevated tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and cell apoptosis proteins whereas it suppressed plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), fibrinogen (FIB) in DVT rats and cells. Concurrently, phloretin inhibited collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and inflammatory factors while it enhanced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). In addition, 20 μM phloretin exerted powerful effective protection in HUVECs with DVT model. Later, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) confirmed that phloretin has a high affinity with SIRT1. Furthermore, siRNA-SIRT1 transfection abolished the protective effect of phloretin against ox‑LDL‑induced DVT in HUVECs, indicating that phloretin targets SIRT1 to alleviate oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, and inflammation in DVT rats and HUVECs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-023-00207-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaolong Ni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Sipin Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Mingwan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yin Ying
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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Andor A, Mohanraj M, Pató ZA, Úri K, Biri-Kovács B, Cheng Q, Arnér ESJ. TXNL1 has dual functions as a redox active thioredoxin-like protein as well as an ATP- and redox-independent chaperone. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102897. [PMID: 37804695 PMCID: PMC10570131 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
TXNL1 (also named TRP32, for thioredoxin related protein of 32 kDa) is a cytosolic thioredoxin-fold protein expressed in all cell types and conserved from yeast to mammals, but with yet poorly known function. Here, we expressed and purified human TXNL1 together with several Cys-to-Ser variants, characterizing their enzymatic properties. TXNL1 could reduce disulfides in insulin, cystine and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in reactions coupled to thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD1, TrxR1) using NADPH, similarly to thioredoxin (TXN, Trx1), but with lower catalytic efficacy due to at least one order of magnitude higher Km of TrxR1 for TXNL1 compared to Trx1. However, in sharp contrast to Trx1, we found that TXNL1 also had efficient chaperone activity that did not require ATP. TXNL1 made non-covalent complexes with reduced insulin, thereby keeping it in solution, and TXNL1 provided chaperone function towards whole cell lysate proteins by preventing their aggregation during heating. The chaperone activities of TXNL1 did not require its redox activity or any dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions, as revealed using Cys-to-Ser substituted variants, as well as a maintained chaperone activity of TXNL1 also in the absence of TrxR1 and NADPH. These results reveal that TXNL1 has dual functions, supporting TrxR1-driven redox activities in disulfide reduction reactions, as well as being an ATP-independent chaperone that does not require involvement of its redox activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Andor
- Department of Selenoprotein Research and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mahendravarman Mohanraj
- Department of Selenoprotein Research and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zsuzsanna Anna Pató
- Department of Selenoprotein Research and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katalin Úri
- Department of Selenoprotein Research and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Beáta Biri-Kovács
- Department of Selenoprotein Research and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Department of Selenoprotein Research and the National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Liang J, Tang H, Snyder LF, Youngstrom CE, He BZ. Divergence of TORC1-mediated stress response leads to novel acquired stress resistance in a pathogenic yeast. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011748. [PMID: 37871123 PMCID: PMC10621968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acquired stress resistance (ASR) enables organisms to prepare for environmental changes that occur after an initial stressor. However, the genetic basis for ASR and how the underlying network evolved remain poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that a short phosphate starvation induces oxidative stress response (OSR) genes in the pathogenic yeast C. glabrata and protects it against a severe H2O2 stress; the same treatment, however, provides little benefit in the low pathogenic-potential relative, S. cerevisiae. This ASR involves the same transcription factors (TFs) as the OSR, but with different combinatorial logics. We show that Target-of-Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) is differentially inhibited by phosphate starvation in the two species and contributes to the ASR via its proximal effector, Sch9. Therefore, evolution of the phosphate starvation-induced ASR involves the rewiring of TORC1's response to phosphate limitation and the repurposing of TF-target gene networks for the OSR using new regulatory logics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinye Liang
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Hanxi Tang
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Lindsey F. Snyder
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Bin Z. He
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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Mazumder AG, Julé AM, Sun D. Astrocytes of the optic nerve exhibit a region-specific and temporally distinct response to elevated intraocular pressure. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:68. [PMID: 37759301 PMCID: PMC10523752 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optic nerve is an important tissue in glaucoma and the unmyelinated nerve head region remains an important site of many early neurodegenerative changes. In both humans and mice, astrocytes constitute the major glial cell type in the region, and in glaucoma they become reactive, influencing the optic nerve head (ONH) microenvironment and disease outcome. Despite recognizing their importance in the progression of the disease, the reactive response of optic nerve head astrocytes remains poorly understood. METHODS To determine the global reactive response of ONH astrocytes in glaucoma we studied their transcriptional response to an elevation in IOP induced by the microbead occlusion model. To specifically isolate astrocyte mRNA in vivo from complex tissues, we used the ribotag method to genetically tag ribosomes in astrocytes, restricting analysis to astrocytes and enabling purification of astrocyte-associated mRNA throughout the entire cell, including the fine processes, for bulk RNA-sequencing. We also assessed the response of astrocytes in the more distal myelinated optic nerve proper (ONP) as glaucomatous changes manifest differently between the two regions. RESULTS Astrocytes of the optic nerve exhibited a region-specific and temporally distinct response. Surprisingly, ONH astrocytes showed very few early transcriptional changes and ONP astrocytes demonstrated substantially larger changes over the course of the experimental period. Energy metabolism, particularly oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial protein translation emerged as highly upregulated processes in both ONH and ONP astrocytes, with the former showing additional upregulation in antioxidative capacity and proteolysis. Interestingly, optic nerve astrocytes demonstrated a limited neuroinflammatory response, even when challenged with a more severe elevation in IOP. Lastly, there were a greater number of downregulated processes in both astrocyte populations compared to upregulated processes. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate an essential role for energy metabolism in the response of optic nerve astrocytes to elevated IOP, and contrary to expectations, neuroinflammation had a limited overall role. The transcriptional response profile is supportive of the notion that optic nerve astrocytes have a beneficial role in glaucoma. These previously uncharacterized transcriptional response of optic nerve astrocytes to injury reveal their functional diversity and a greater heterogeneity than previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpan G Mazumder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Amélie M Julé
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Liang J, Tang H, Snyder LF, Youngstrom CE, He BZ. Divergence of TORC1-mediated Stress Response Leads to Novel Acquired Stress Resistance in a Pathogenic Yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.20.545716. [PMID: 37781605 PMCID: PMC10541095 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.20.545716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Acquired stress resistance (ASR) enables organisms to prepare for environmental changes that occur after an initial stressor. However, the genetic basis for ASR and how the underlying network evolved remain poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that a short phosphate starvation induces oxidative stress response (OSR) genes in the pathogenic yeast C. glabrata and protects it against a severe H2O2 stress; the same treatment, however, provides little benefit in the low pathogenic-potential relative, S. cerevisiae. This ASR involves the same transcription factors (TFs) as the OSR, but with different combinatorial logics. We show that Target-of-Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) is differentially inhibited by phosphate starvation in the two species and contributes to the ASR via its proximal effector, Sch9. Therefore, evolution of the phosphate starvation-induced ASR involves the rewiring of TORC1's response to phosphate limitation and the repurposing of TF-target gene networks for the OSR using new regulatory logics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinye Liang
- Biology Department, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Hanxi Tang
- Biology Department, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Lindsey F. Snyder
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | - Bin Z. He
- Biology Department, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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10
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Oneissi M, Cruz MR, Ramírez-Zavala B, Lindemann-Perez E, Morschhäuser J, Garsin DA, Perez JC. Host-derived reactive oxygen species trigger activation of the Candida albicans transcription regulator Rtg1/3. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011692. [PMID: 37769015 PMCID: PMC10564244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The signals that denote mammalian host environments and dictate the activation of signaling pathways in human-associated microorganisms are often unknown. The transcription regulator Rtg1/3 in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is a crucial determinant of host colonization and pathogenicity. Rtg1/3's activity is controlled, in part, by shuttling the regulator between the cytoplasm and nucleus of the fungus. The host signal(s) that Rtg1/3 respond(s) to, however, have remained unclear. Here we report that neutrophil-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) direct the subcellular localization of this C. albicans transcription regulator. Upon engulfment of Candida cells by human or mouse neutrophils, the regulator shuttles to the fungal nucleus. Using genetic and chemical approaches to disrupt the neutrophils' oxidative burst, we establish that the oxidants produced by the NOX2 complex-but not the oxidants generated by myeloperoxidase-trigger Rtg1/3's migration to the nucleus. Furthermore, screening a collection of C. albicans kinase deletion mutants, we implicate the MKC1 signaling pathway in the ROS-dependent regulation of Rtg1/3 in this fungus. Finally, we show that Rtg1/3 contributes to C. albicans virulence in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in an ROS-dependent manner as the rtg1 and rtg3 mutants display virulence defects in wild-type but not in ROS deficient worms. Our findings establish NOX2-derived ROS as a key signal that directs the activity of the pleiotropic fungal regulator Rtg1/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Oneissi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Melissa R. Cruz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | | | - Elena Lindemann-Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Joachim Morschhäuser
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Danielle A. Garsin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - J. Christian Perez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
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11
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Ingham CS, Engl T, Matarrita-Carranza B, Vogler P, Huettel B, Wielsch N, Svatoš A, Kaltenpoth M. Host hydrocarbons protect symbiont transmission from a radical host defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302721120. [PMID: 37487102 PMCID: PMC10400980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302721120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbioses with microbes play a pivotal role in the evolutionary success of insects, and can lead to intimate host-symbiont associations. However, how the host maintains a stable symbiosis with its beneficial partners while keeping antagonistic microbes in check remains incompletely understood. Here, we uncover a mechanism by which a host protects its symbiont from the host's own broad-range antimicrobial defense during transmission. Beewolves, a group of solitary digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), provide their brood cells with symbiotic Streptomyces bacteria that are later transferred to the cocoon and protect the offspring from opportunistic pathogens by producing antibiotics. In the brood cell, however, the symbiont-containing secretion is exposed to a toxic burst of nitric oxide (NO) released by the beewolf egg, which effectively kills antagonistic microorganisms. How the symbiont survives this lethal NO burst remained unknown. Here, we report that upon NO exposure in vitro, the symbionts mount a global stress response, but this is insufficient to ensure survival at brood cell-level NO concentrations. Instead, in vivo bioassays demonstrate that the host's antennal gland secretion (AGS) surrounding the symbionts in the brood cell provides an effective diffusion barrier against NO. This physicochemical protection can be reconstituted in vitro by beewolf hydrocarbon extracts and synthetic hydrocarbons, indicating that the host-derived long-chain alkenes and alkanes in the AGS are responsible for shielding the symbionts from NO. Our results reveal how host adaptations can protect a symbiont from host-generated oxidative and nitrosative stress during transmission, thereby efficiently balancing pathogen defense and mutualism maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Selina Ingham
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Tobias Engl
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz55128, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | | | - Paul Vogler
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz55128, Germany
| | - Bruno Huettel
- Max Planck Genome Centre Cologne, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne50829, Germany
| | - Natalie Wielsch
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz55128, Germany
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
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12
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Wang K, Yao T, Xue J, Guo Y, Xu X. A Novel Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:658. [PMID: 37367023 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the important reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is closely related to many pathological and physiological processes in living organisms. Excessive H2O2 can lead to cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases, so it is necessary to detect H2O2 in living cells. Since this work designed a novel fluorescent probe to detect the concentration of H2O2, the H2O2 reaction group arylboric acid was attached to the fluorescein 3-Acetyl-7-hydroxycoumarin as a specific recognition group for the selective detection of hydrogen peroxide. The experimental results show that the probe can effectively detect H2O2 with high selectivity and measure cellular ROS levels. Therefore, this novel fluorescent probe provides a potential monitoring tool for a variety of diseases caused by H2O2 excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tingting Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiayu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanqiu Guo
- Nanjing Luhe People's Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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13
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Tola AJ, Missihoun TD. Iron Availability Influences Protein Carbonylation in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119732. [PMID: 37298684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein carbonylation is an irreversible form of post-translational modification triggered by reactive oxygen species in animal and plant cells. It occurs either through the metal-catalyzed oxidation of Lys, Arg, Pro, and Thr side chains or the addition of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones to the side chains of Cys, Lys, and His. Recent genetic studies concerning plants pointed to an implication of protein carbonylation in gene regulation through phytohormones. However, for protein carbonylation to stand out as a signal transduction mechanism, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination, it must be controlled in time and space by a still unknown trigger. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the profile and extent of protein carbonylation are influenced by iron homeostasis in vivo. For this, we compared the profile and the contents of the carbonylated proteins in the Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and mutant-deficient in three ferritin genes under normal and stress conditions. Additionally, we examined the proteins specifically carbonylated in wild-type seedlings exposed to iron-deficient conditions. Our results indicated that proteins were differentially carbonylated between the wild type and the triple ferritin mutant Fer1-3-4 in the leaves, stems, and flowers under normal growth conditions. The profile of the carbonylated proteins was also different between the wild type and the ferritin triple mutant exposed to heat stress, thus pointing to the influence of iron on the carbonylation of proteins. Consistent with this, the exposure of the seedlings to iron deficiency and iron excess greatly influenced the carbonylation of certain proteins involved in intracellular signal transduction, translation, and iron deficiency response. Overall, the study underlined the importance of iron homeostasis in the occurrence of protein carbonylation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesola J Tola
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (GRBV), Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Tagnon D Missihoun
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (GRBV), Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G9A 5H7, Canada
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14
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Li D, Wang TW, Aratani S, Omori S, Tamatani M, Johmura Y, Nakanishi M. Transcriptomic characterization of Lonrf1 at the single-cell level under pathophysiological conditions. J Biochem 2023; 173:459-469. [PMID: 36888978 PMCID: PMC10226518 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The LONRF family of proteins consists of three isozymes, LONRF1-3, which harbors RING (really interesting new gene) domain and Lon substrate binding domain. We have recently identified LONRF2 as a protein quality control ubiquitin ligase that acts predominantly in neurons. LONRF2 selectively ubiquitylates misfolded or damaged proteins for degradation. LONRF2-/- mice exhibit late-onset neurological deficits. However, the physiological implications of other LONRF isozymes remain unclear. Here, we analysed Lonrf1 expression and transcriptomics at the single-cell level under normal and pathological conditions. We found that Lonrf1 was ubiquitously expressed in different tissues. Its expression in LSEC and Kupffer cells increased with age in the liver. Lonrf1high Kupffer cells showed activation of regulatory pathways of peptidase activity. In normal and NASH (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis) liver, Lonrf1high LSECs showed activation of NF-kB and p53 pathways and suppression of IFNa, IFNg and proteasome signalling independent of p16 expression. During wound healing, Lonrf1high/p16low fibroblasts showed activation of cell growth and suppression of TGFb and BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) signalling, whereas Lonrf1high/p16high fibroblasts showed activation of WNT (wingless and Int-1) signalling. These results suggest that although Lonrf1 does not seem to be associated with senescence induction and phenotypes, LONRF1 may play a key role in linking oxidative damage responses and tissue remodelling during wound healing in different modes in senescent and nonsenescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Teh-Wei Wang
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Sae Aratani
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan
| | - Satotaka Omori
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Maho Tamatani
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Johmura
- Division of Cancer and Senescence Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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15
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Li J, Pan L, Pan W, Li N, Tang B. Recent progress of oxidative stress associated biomarker detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37194341 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress denotes the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses in living organisms, participating in various pathophysiological processes and mediating the occurrence of diseases. Typically, the excessive production of ROS under oxidative stress elicits oxidative modification of biomacromolecules, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, leading to cell dysfunction and damage. Therefore, the analysis and detection of oxidative stress-associated biomarkers are of considerable importance to accurately reflect and evaluate the oxidative stress status. This review comprehensively elucidates the recent advances and applications of imaging probes for tracking and detecting oxidative stress-related biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation, and protein and DNA oxidation. The existing challenges and future development directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Limeng Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Pan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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16
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Garcarova I, Valusova E, Shlapa Y, Belous A, Musatov A, Siposova K. Surface-modified cerium dioxide nanoparticles with improved anti-amyloid and preserved nanozymatic activity. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 227:113356. [PMID: 37201447 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) are used increasingly in nanotechnology and particularly in biotechnology and bioresearch. Thus, CeO2 NPs have been successfully tested in vitro as a potential therapeutic agent for various pathologies associated with oxidative stress, including the formation of protein amyloid aggregates. In this study, to increase the anti-amyloidogenic efficiency and preserve the antioxidant potential, the surface of the synthesized CeO2 NPs is modified with a nonionic, sugar-based surfactant, dodecyl maltoside (DDM), which is known for its high anti-amyloidogenic activity and biocompatibility. Dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated successful modification by DDM. The apparent hydrodynamic diameters of CeO2 NPs and DDM-modified NPs (CeO2@DDM NPs) are found to be ⁓180 nm and ⁓260 nm, respectively. A positive zeta potential value of + 30.5 mV for CeO2 NPs and + 22.5 mV for CeO2 @DDM NPs suggest sufficient stability and good dispersion of NPs in an aqueous solution. A combination of Thioflavin T fluorescence analysis and atomic force microscopy is used to assess the effect of nanoparticles on the formation of insulin amyloid fibrils. Results show that the fibrillization of insulin is inhibited by both, naked and modified NPs in a dose-dependent manner. However, while the IC50 of naked NPs is found to be ∼270 ± 13 µg/mL, the surface-modified NPs are 50% more efficient with IC50 equaled to 135 ± 7 µg/mL. In addition, both, the naked CeO2 NPs and DDM-modified NPs displayed an antioxidant activity expressed as oxidase-, catalase- and SOD-like activity. Therefore, the resulting nanosized material is very well suited to prove or disprove the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a role in the formation of amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Garcarova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Valusova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Yuliia Shlapa
- Department of Solid-State Chemistry, V. I. Vernadsky Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 32/34 Palladina ave., Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - Anatolii Belous
- Department of Solid-State Chemistry, V. I. Vernadsky Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 32/34 Palladina ave., Kyiv 03142, Ukraine
| | - Andrey Musatov
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
| | - Katarina Siposova
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia.
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17
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Ulrich K. Redox-regulated chaperones in cell stress responses. Biochem Soc Trans 2023:233014. [PMID: 37140269 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteostasis and redox homeostasis are tightly interconnected and most protein quality control pathways are under direct redox regulation which allow cells to immediately respond to oxidative stress conditions. The activation of ATP-independent chaperones serves as a first line of defense to counteract oxidative unfolding and aggregation of proteins. Conserved cysteine residues evolved as redox-sensitive switches which upon reversible oxidation induce substantial conformational rearrangements and the formation of chaperone-active complexes. In addition to harnessing unfolding proteins, these chaperone holdases interact with ATP-dependent chaperone systems to facilitate client refolding and restoring proteostasis during stress recovery. This minireview gives an insight into highly orchestrated mechanisms regulating the stress-specific activation and inactivation of redox-regulated chaperones and their role in cell stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ulrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Cellular Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zuelpicher Str. 47a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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18
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Yang YM, Jung Y, Abegg D, Adibekian A, Carroll KS, Karbstein K. Chaperone-directed ribosome repair after oxidative damage. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1527-1537.e5. [PMID: 37086725 PMCID: PMC10164075 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Because of the central role ribosomes play for protein translation and ribosome-mediated mRNA and protein quality control (RQC), the ribosome pool is surveyed and dysfunctional ribosomes degraded both during assembly, as well as the functional cycle. Oxidative stress downregulates translation and damages mRNAs and ribosomal proteins (RPs). Although damaged mRNAs are detected and degraded via RQC, how cells mitigate damage to RPs is not known. Here, we show that cysteines in Rps26 and Rpl10 are readily oxidized, rendering the proteins non-functional. Oxidized Rps26 and Rpl10 are released from ribosomes by their chaperones, Tsr2 and Sqt1, and the damaged ribosomes are subsequently repaired with newly made proteins. Ablation of this pathway impairs growth, which is exacerbated under oxidative stress. These findings reveal an unanticipated mechanism for chaperone-mediated ribosome repair, augment our understanding of ribosome quality control, and explain previous observations of protein exchange in ribosomes from dendrites, with broad implications for aging and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Mo Yang
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Youngeun Jung
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Katrin Karbstein
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; HHMI Faculty Scholar, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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19
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Sontag EM, Morales-Polanco F, Chen JH, McDermott G, Dolan PT, Gestaut D, Le Gros MA, Larabell C, Frydman J. Nuclear and cytoplasmic spatial protein quality control is coordinated by nuclear-vacuolar junctions and perinuclear ESCRT. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:699-713. [PMID: 37081164 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Effective protein quality control (PQC), essential for cellular health, relies on spatial sequestration of misfolded proteins into defined inclusions. Here we reveal the coordination of nuclear and cytoplasmic spatial PQC. Cytoplasmic misfolded proteins concentrate in a cytoplasmic juxtanuclear quality control compartment, while nuclear misfolded proteins sequester into an intranuclear quality control compartment (INQ). Particle tracking reveals that INQ and the juxtanuclear quality control compartment converge to face each other across the nuclear envelope at a site proximal to the nuclear-vacuolar junction marked by perinuclear ESCRT-II/III protein Chm7. Strikingly, convergence at nuclear-vacuolar junction contacts facilitates VPS4-dependent vacuolar clearance of misfolded cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, the latter entailing extrusion of nuclear INQ into the vacuole. Finding that nuclear-vacuolar contact sites are cellular hubs of spatial PQC to facilitate vacuolar clearance of nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions highlights the role of cellular architecture in proteostasis maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Sontag
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| | | | - Jian-Hua Chen
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gerry McDermott
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Patrick T Dolan
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Gestaut
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Le Gros
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn Larabell
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Judith Frydman
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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20
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Nemeikaitė-Čėnienė A, Haberkant P, Kučiauskas D, Stein F, Čėnas N. Redox Proteomic Profile of Tirapazamine-Resistant Murine Hepatoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076863. [PMID: 37047836 PMCID: PMC10094930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
3-Amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4-dioxide (tirapazamine, TPZ) and other heteroaromatic N-oxides (ArN→O) exhibit tumoricidal, antibacterial, and antiprotozoal activities. Their action is attributed to the enzymatic single-electron reduction to free radicals that initiate the prooxidant processes. In order to clarify the mechanisms of aerobic mammalian cytotoxicity of ArN→O, we derived a TPZ-resistant subline of murine hepatoma MH22a cells (resistance index, 5.64). The quantitative proteomic of wild-type and TPZ-resistant cells revealed 5818 proteins, of which 237 were up- and 184 down-regulated. The expression of the antioxidant enzymes aldehyde- and alcohol dehydrogenases, carbonyl reductases, catalase, and glutathione reductase was increased 1.6-5.2 times, whereas the changes in the expression of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin reductase, and peroxiredoxins were less pronounced. The expression of xenobiotics conjugating glutathione-S-transferases was increased by 1.6-2.6 times. On the other hand, the expression of NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase was responsible for the single-electron reduction in TPZ and for the 2.1-fold decrease. These data support the fact that the main mechanism of action of TPZ under aerobic conditions is oxidative stress. The unchanged expression of intranuclear antioxidant proteins peroxiredoxin, glutaredoxin, and glutathione peroxidase, and a modest increase in the expression of DNA damage repair proteins, tend to support non-site-specific but not intranuclear oxidative stress as a main factor of TPZ aerobic cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aušra Nemeikaitė-Čėnienė
- State Research Institute Center for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių St. 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Per Haberkant
- Proteomics Core Facility EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dalius Kučiauskas
- Department of Xenobiotics Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Narimantas Čėnas
- Department of Xenobiotics Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of Vilnius University, Saulėtekio 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
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21
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Iromini T, Tang X, Holloway KN, Hou C. Link between Energy Investment in Biosynthesis and Proteostasis: Testing the Cost-Quality Hypothesis in Insects. INSECTS 2023; 14:241. [PMID: 36975926 PMCID: PMC10058061 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The energy requirement for biosynthesis plays an important role in an organism's life history, as it determines growth rate, and tradeoffs with the investment in somatic maintenance. This energetic trait is different between painted lady (Vanessa cardui) and Turkestan cockroach (Blatta lateralis) due to the different life histories. Butterfly caterpillars (holometabolous) grow 30-fold faster, and the energy cost of biosynthesis is 20 times cheaper, compared to cockroach nymphs (hemimetabolous). We hypothesize that physiologically the difference in the energy cost is partially attributed to the differences in protein retention and turnover rate: Species with higher energy cost may have a lower tolerance to errors in newly synthesized protein. Newly synthesized proteins with errors are quickly unfolded and refolded, and/or degraded and resynthesized via the proteasomal system. Thus, much protein output may be given over to replacement of the degraded new proteins, so the overall energy cost on biosynthesis is high. Consequently, the species with a higher energy cost for biosyntheses has better proteostasis and cellular resistance to stress. Our study found that, compared to painted lady caterpillars, the midgut tissue of cockroach nymphs has better cellular viability under oxidative stresses, higher activities of proteasome 20S, and a higher RNA/growth ratio, supporting our hypothesis. This comparative study offers a departure point for better understanding life history tradeoffs between somatic maintenance and biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo Iromini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Animal and Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Kyara N. Holloway
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Chen Hou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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22
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Benoit I, Burty-Valin E, Radman M. A Proteome-Centric View of Ageing, including that of the Skin and Age-Related Diseases: Considerations of a Common Cause and Common Preventative and Curative Interventions. CLINICAL, COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY 2023; 16:79-85. [PMID: 36660191 PMCID: PMC9842513 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s397751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The proteome comprises all proteins of a cell or organism. To carry their catalytic and structure-related functions, proteins must be correctly folded into their unique native three-dimensional structures. Common oxidative protein damage affects their functionality by impairing their catalytic and interactive specificities. Oxidative damage occurs preferentially to misfolded proteins and fixes the misfolded state. This review provides an overview of the mechanism and consequences of oxidative proteome damage - specifically irreversible protein carbonylation - in relation to ageing, including that of the skin as well as to age-related degeneration and diseases (ARDD) and their mitigation. A literature review of published manuscripts, available from PubMed, focusing on proteome, proteostasis, proteotoxicity, protein carbonylation, related inflammatory diseases, ARDD and the impact of the damaged proteome on ageing. During ageing, proteome damage, especially protein carbonylation, correlates with biological age. Carbonylated proteins form aggregates which can be considered as markers and accelerators of ageing and are common markers of most ARDD. Protein carbonylation leads to general ageing of the organism and organs including the skin and potentially to diseases including Alzheimer and Parkinson disease, diabetes, psoriasis, and skin cancer. Current research is promising and may open new therapeutic approaches and perspectives by targeting proteome protection as an age and ARDD management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Benoit
- Medical Relations, NAOS-ILS, Aix-en-Provence, France,Correspondence: Isabelle Benoit, NAOS-ILS, Aix-en-Provence, 13593, France, Tel +33442163060, Email
| | | | - Miroslav Radman
- Faculté de Médecine, INSERM U1001, Université R.-Descartes Paris-5, Paris, France,Scientific Affairs, Mediterranean Institute for Life Science, Split, Croatia
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Hu L, Hu J, Huang Y, Zheng S, Yin J, Li X, Li D, Lv C, Li S, Hu W. Hypoxia-mediated activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32533. [PMID: 36607847 PMCID: PMC9829281 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, hypoxia has been recognized as a crucial characteristic of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Indeed, hypoxia promotes the growth, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells. In the early 1990s, we found that as many phenomena in hypoxia can occur through hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α). HIF1α is known as an angiogenesis converter in hypoxia, which promotes tumorigenesis, development, immune escape, recurrence, etc; This page goes into great detail on how HIF1α is activated during hypoxia and how the 2 signaling channels interact. It specifically emphasizes the significance of reactive oxygen species, the function of the PI3K/the serine/threonine kinase Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin cascade, and outlines the similarities between the 2 important factors (reactive oxygen species and PI3K/the serine/threonine kinase Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin cascade), nuclear factor κB, for HIF1α Important implications, in an effort to offer fresh views for the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and HIF1α research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Hu
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jinwei Hu
- Clinical Medicine, Nanchang University Queen Mary School, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sihan Zheng
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ji Yin
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Daiying Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Caifeng Lv
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sen Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenjian Hu
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- * Correspondence: Wenjian Hu, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, O.182 Chunhui Road Longmatan District Luzhou Sichuan 646000, China (e-mail: )
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Zhang Y, Guo Q, Fang X, Yuan M, Hu W, Liang X, Liu J, Yang Y, Fang C. Destroying glutathione peroxidase improves the oxidative stress resistance and pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1122623. [PMID: 37032864 PMCID: PMC10073551 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1122623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Glutathione peroxidase is abundant in eukaryotes as an important antioxidant enzyme. However, prokaryotic glutathione peroxidase has not been thoroughly studied. Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that is capable of causing listeriosis in animals as well as humans. Despite the fact that L. monocytogenes encodes a putative glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px (encoded by lmo0983)), the functions of the enzyme are still unknown. Here we revealed the unusual roles of L. monocytogenes GSH-Px in bacterial antioxidants and pathogenicity. Methods L. monocytogenes Lm850658 was taken as the parental strain to construct the gsh-px deletion strain and related complement strain. The effect of the gsh-px gene on the resistance of L. monocytogenes to oxidative stress was determined by measuring the concentrations of glutathione and assaying the stress survival rates under different oxidative conditions. In addition, the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes was determined by cellular adhesion and invasion assays and mice virulence tests, and the expression of virulence factors was determined by Western blot. Results Deficiency of GSH-Px not only increased glutathione concentrations in L. monocytogenes but also enhanced its resistance to oxidative stress when exposed to copper and iron ions. In addition, the absence of gsh-px significantly improved the adhesion and invasion efficiency of L. monocytogenes to Caco-2 cells. More importantly, L. monocytogenes lacking GSH-Px could colonize and proliferate more efficiently in mice livers and spleens, enhancing the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes by increasing the expression of virulence factors like InlA, InlB, and LLO. Discussion Taken together, we confirmed that GSH-Px of L. monocytogenes has a counter-intuitive effect on the antioxidant capacity and pathogenicity.
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Masania J, Wijten P, Keipert S, Ost M, Klaus S, Rabbani N, Thornalley PJ. Decreased methylglyoxal-mediated protein glycation in the healthy aging mouse model of ectopic expression of UCP1 in skeletal muscle. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102574. [PMID: 36521306 PMCID: PMC9772855 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice with ectopic expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in skeletal muscle exhibit a healthy aging phenotype with increased longevity and resistance to impaired metabolic health. This may be achieved by decreasing protein glycation by the reactive metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG). We investigated protein glycation and oxidative damage in skeletal muscle of mice with UCP1 expression under control of the human skeletal actin promoter (HSA-mUCP1) at age 12 weeks (young) and 70 weeks (aged). We found both young and aged HSA-mUCP1 mice had decreased advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) formed from MG, lysine-derived Nε(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL) and arginine-derived hydroimidazolone, MG-H1, whereas protein glycation by glucose forming Nε-fructosyl-lysine (FL) was increased ca. 2-fold, compared to wildtype controls. There were related increases in FL-linked AGEs, Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and 3-deoxylglucosone-derived hydroimidazolone 3DG-H, and minor changes in protein oxidative and nitration adducts. In aged HSA-mUCP1 mice, urinary MG-derived AGEs/FL ratio was decreased ca. 60% whereas there was no change in CML/FL ratio - a marker of oxidative damage. This suggests that, normalized for glycemic status, aged HSA-mUCP1 mice had a lower flux of whole body MG-derived AGE exposure compared to wildtype controls. Proteomics analysis of skeletal muscle revealed a shift to increased heat shock proteins and mechanoprotection and repair in HSA-mUCP1 mice. Decreased MG-derived AGE protein content in skeletal muscle of aged HSA-mUCP1 mice is therefore likely produced by increased proteolysis of MG-modified proteins and increased proteostasis surveillance of the skeletal muscle proteome. From this and previous transcriptomic studies, signaling involved in enhanced removal of MG-modified protein is likely increased HSPB1-directed HUWE1 ubiquitination through eIF2α-mediated, ATF5-induced increased expression of HSPB1. Decreased whole body exposure to MG-derived AGEs may be linked to increased weight specific physical activity of HSA-mUCP1 mice. Decreased formation and increased clearance of MG-derived AGEs may be associated with healthy aging in the HSA-mUCP1 mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinit Masania
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
| | - Patrick Wijten
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Susanne Keipert
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mario Ost
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- Department of Physiology of Energy Metabolism, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany,University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutrition Science, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Naila Rabbani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar,Corresponding author. Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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Fangue-Yapseu GY, Tola AJ, Missihoun TD. Proteome-wide analysis of hydrogen peroxide-induced protein carbonylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1049681. [PMID: 36544875 PMCID: PMC9760910 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein carbonylation is a non-enzymatic and irreversible post-translational modification that occurs naturally in living organisms under the direct or indirect effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In animals, signaling pathways involving numerous carbonylated proteins have been identified, highlighting the dual role of these molecules in ROS signal transduction. In plants, studies on phytohormone signaling (auxin, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid) have shown that reactive carbonyl species (RCS: acrolein, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, etc.), derived from the action of ROS on lipids, play important roles in secondary root formation and stomatal closure. However, the carbonylated proteins involved in these signaling pathways remain to be identified. METHODS In this study, we analyzed proteins responsive to carbonylation by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by profiling the carbonyl proteome extracted from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves after H2O2 treatment. Carbonylated proteins were enriched at the peptide level and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We identified 35 and 39 uniquely carbonylated proteins in the untreated and the H2O2-treated plant samples, respectively. In comparison to the control treatment, gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that most of the carbonylated proteins identified in the H2O2-treated plant samples are related to sulfate adenylyl transferases and amidophosphoribosyl transferases involved in the immune system response, defense response, and external stimulus-response. These results indicated that exogenous H2O2 caused a change in the pattern of protein carbonylation in A. thaliana leaves. Protein carbonylation may thus influence the plant transcriptome and metabolism in response to H2O2 and ROS-triggering external stimuli.
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Martínez-Férriz A, Ferrando A, Fathinajafabadi A, Farràs R. Ubiquitin-mediated mechanisms of translational control. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:146-154. [PMID: 34952788 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
mRNAs translation to proteins constitutes an important step of cellular gene expression that is highly regulated in response to different extracellular stimuli and stress situations. The fine control of protein synthesis is carried out both qualitatively and quantitatively, depending on the cellular demand at each moment. Post-translational modifications, in turn regulated by intracellular signaling pathways, play a key role in translation regulation. Among them, ubiquitination, whose role is becoming increasingly important in the control of translation, determines a correct balance between protein synthesis and degradation. In this review we focus on the role of ubiquitination (both degradative K48-linkage type and non-degradative K63-linkage type and monoubiquitination) in eukaryotic translation, both at the pre-translational level during the biogenesis/degradation of the components of translational machinery as well as at the co-translational level under stressful conditions. We also discuss other ubiquitin-dependent regulatory mechanisms of mRNA protection and resumption of translation after stress removal, where the ubiquitination of ribosomal proteins and associated regulatory proteins play an important role in the global rhythm of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Martínez-Férriz
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ferrando
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alihamze Fathinajafabadi
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Rosa Farràs
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.
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Behairy A, Hashem MM, Abo-El-Sooud K, El-Metwally AE, Hassan BA, Abd-Elhakim YM. Quercetin Abates Aluminum Trioxide Nanoparticles and Lead Acetate Induced Altered Sperm Quality, Testicular Oxidative Damage, and Sexual Hormones Disruption in Male Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112133. [PMID: 36358505 PMCID: PMC9686927 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of exposure to lead acetate (PbAc) and/or aluminum trioxide nanoparticles (Al2O3NPs) on testicular function. Additionally, the probable reproprotective effects of quercetin (QTN) against Al2O3NPs and PbAc co-exposure in male Sprague Dawely rats were assessed. Al2O3NPs (100 mg/kg b.wt.), PbAc (50 mg/kg b.wt.), and QTN (20 mg/kg b.wt.) were orally administered for 60 days. Then, spermiogram, histopathological examinations of the testis and accessory glands, and immunohistochemical detection of androgen receptors (AR) and tumor necrotic factor alpha (TNF-α) were achieved. Moreover, serum levels of male sex hormones and testicular levels of antioxidant indices were estimated. The results showed that Al2O3NPs and/or PbAc caused significant sperm abnormalities, testicular oxidative stress, and histopathological changes. Furthermore, serum testosterone, LH, and FSH levels significantly decreased, while estradiol levels significantly increased. The Al2O3NPs and/or PbAc co-exposed group had more obvious disturbances. Furthermore, QTN co-administration significantly reversed the Al2O3NPs and PbAc-induced testicular histopathological alterations, reduced antioxidant defenses, and altered AR and TNF-α immune expression in testicular tissues. Conclusively, Al2O3NPs and/or PbAc evoked testicular dysfunction by inducing oxidative injury and inflammation. However, QTN oral dosing effectively mitigated the negative effects of Al2O3NPs and PbAc by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation and improving the antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Behairy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Hashem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abo-El-Sooud
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Abeer E. El-Metwally
- Pathology Department, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Giza 3514805, Egypt
| | - Bayan A. Hassan
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: or
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ROS: Basic Concepts, Sources, Cellular Signaling, and its Implications in Aging Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1225578. [PMID: 36312897 PMCID: PMC9605829 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1225578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are bioproducts of cellular metabolism. There is a range of molecules with oxidizing properties known as ROS. Despite those molecules being implied negatively in aging and numerous diseases, their key role in cellular signaling is evident. ROS control several biological processes such as inflammation, proliferation, and cell death. The redox signaling underlying these cellular events is one characteristic of the new generation of scientists aimed at defining the role of ROS in the cellular environment. The control of redox potential, which includes the balance of the sources of ROS and the antioxidant system, implies an important target for understanding the cells' fate derived from redox signaling. In this review, we summarized the chemical, the redox balance, the signaling, and the implications of ROS in biological aging.
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Ulrich K, Farkas Á, Chan O, Katamanin O, Schwappach B, Jakob U. From guide to guard-activation mechanism of the stress-sensing chaperone Get3. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3226-3238.e7. [PMID: 35839781 PMCID: PMC9460928 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress conditions can cause ATP depletion, oxidative protein unfolding, and potentially toxic protein aggregation. To alleviate this proteotoxic stress, the highly conserved yeast protein, Get3, switches from its guiding function as an ATP-dependent targeting factor for tail-anchored proteins to its guarding function as an ATP-independent molecular chaperone that prevents irreversible protein aggregation. Here, we demonstrate that activation of Get3's chaperone function follows a tightly orchestrated multi-step process, centered around the redox status of two conserved cysteines, whose reactivity is directly controlled by Get3's nucleotide-binding state. Thiol oxidation causes local unfolding and the transition into chaperone-active oligomers. Vice versa, inactivation requires the reduction of Get3's cysteines followed by ATP-binding, which allows the transfer of bound client proteins to ATP-dependent chaperone systems for their effective refolding. Manipulating this fine-tuned cycle of activation and inactivation in yeast impairs oxidative stress resistance and growth, illustrating the necessity to tightly control Get3's intrinsic chaperone function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Ulrich
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ákos Farkas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olivia Chan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Olivia Katamanin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Blanche Schwappach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Zhang T, Day NJ, Gaffrey M, Weitz KK, Attah K, Mimche PN, Paine R, Qian WJ, Helms MN. Regulation of hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury via post-translational cysteine redox modifications. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102405. [PMID: 35872399 PMCID: PMC9307955 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm infants and patients with lung disease often have excess fluid in the lungs and are frequently treated with oxygen, however long-term exposure to hyperoxia results in irreversible lung injury. Although the adverse effects of hyperoxia are mediated by reactive oxygen species, the full extent of the impact of hyperoxia on redox-dependent regulation in the lung is unclear. In this study, neonatal mice overexpressing the beta-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (β-ENaC) encoded by Scnn1b and their wild type (WT; C57Bl6) littermates were utilized to study the pathogenesis of high fraction inspired oxygen (FiO2)-induced lung injury. Results showed that O2-induced lung injury in transgenic Scnn1b mice is attenuated following chronic O2 exposure. To test the hypothesis that reversible cysteine-redox-modifications of proteins play an important role in O2-induced lung injury, we performed proteome-wide profiling of protein S-glutathionylation (SSG) in both WT and Scnn1b overexpressing mice maintained at 21% O2 (normoxia) or FiO2 85% (hyperoxia) from birth to 11-15 days postnatal. Over 7700 unique Cys sites with SSG modifications were identified and quantified, covering more than 3000 proteins in the lung. In both mouse models, hyperoxia resulted in a significant alteration of the SSG levels of Cys sites belonging to a diverse range of proteins. In addition, substantial SSG changes were observed in the Scnn1b overexpressing mice exposed to hyperoxia, suggesting that ENaC plays a critically important role in cellular regulation. Hyperoxia-induced SSG changes were further supported by the results observed for thiol total oxidation, the overall level of reversible oxidation on protein cysteine residues. Differential analyses reveal that Scnn1b overexpression may protect against hyperoxia-induced lung injury via modulation of specific processes such as cell adhesion, blood coagulation, and proteolysis. This study provides a landscape view of protein oxidation in the lung and highlights the importance of redox regulation in O2-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Day
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Gaffrey
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Karl K Weitz
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Kwame Attah
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Patrice N Mimche
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert Paine
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | - My N Helms
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Santiago A, Morano KA. Oxidation of two cysteines within yeast Hsp70 impairs proteostasis while directly triggering an Hsf1-dependent cytoprotective response. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102424. [PMID: 36030825 PMCID: PMC9508553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases affect millions of Americans every year. One factor linked to the formation of aggregates associated with these diseases is damage sustained to proteins by oxidative stress. Management of protein misfolding by the ubiquitous Hsp70 chaperone family can be modulated by modification of two key cysteines in the ATPase domain by oxidizing or thiol-modifying compounds. To investigate the biological consequences of cysteine modification on the Hsp70 Ssa1 in budding yeast, we generated cysteine null (cysteine to serine) and oxidomimetic (cysteine to aspartic acid) mutant variants of both C264 and C303 and demonstrate reduced ATP binding, hydrolysis, and protein folding properties in both the oxidomimetic and hydrogen peroxide–treated Ssa1. In contrast, cysteine nullification rendered Ssa1 insensitive to oxidative inhibition. Additionally, we determined the oxidomimetic ssa1-2CD (C264D, C303D) allele was unable to function as the sole Ssa1 isoform in yeast cells and also exhibited dominant negative effects on cell growth and viability. Ssa1 binds to and represses Hsf1, the major transcription factor controlling the heat shock response, and we found the oxidomimetic Ssa1 failed to stably interact with Hsf1, resulting in constitutive activation of the heat shock response. Consistent with our in vitro findings, ssa1-2CD cells were compromised for de novo folding, post-stress protein refolding, and in regulated degradation of a model terminally misfolded protein. Together, these findings pinpoint Hsp70 as a key link between oxidative stress and proteostasis, information critical to understanding cytoprotective systems that prevent and manage cellular insults underlying complex disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Santiago
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin A Morano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Intrauterine and Postnatal Exposure to High Levels of Fluoride Is Associated with Motor Impairments, Oxidative Stress, and Morphological Damage in the Cerebellum of Offspring Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158556. [PMID: 35955690 PMCID: PMC9369436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is abundantly present on Earth and plays a beneficial role in human health. However, exposure to high doses of F can be a risk, mainly in endemic fluorosis regions. In light of this, we investigated the effects of F exposure during the intrauterine and postnatal periods of rats, in doses similar to those recommended in drinking water and the levels of F in regions with endemic fluorosis, on the offspring rats’ cerebellum. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups: control (received ultrapure water only), 10 mg F/L, and 50 mg F/L for a period of 42 days (21 days gestation and 21 days lactation). At the end of the lactation period, the male pups were evaluated by behavioral tests, morphological markers, and biochemistry assays. The results pointed out that 50 mg F/L exposure during the intrauterine and lactational period of rats is capable of promoting oxidative stress in the cerebellum with a decrease in Purkinje cell density and myelin basic protein compromise, which could be associated with functional motor impairments. In addition, although 10 mg F/L exposure promoted redox alterations, it did not affect other parameters evaluated, highlighting the safe use of F in low doses.
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Inigo JR, Chandra D. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR mt): shielding against toxicity to mitochondria in cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:98. [PMID: 35864539 PMCID: PMC9306209 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01317-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for tumor growth and progression. However, the heavy demand for mitochondrial activity in cancer leads to increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), accumulation of mutations in mitochondrial DNA, and development of mitochondrial dysfunction. If left unchecked, excessive mtROS can damage and unfold proteins in the mitochondria to an extent that becomes lethal to the tumor. Cellular systems have evolved to combat mtROS and alleviate mitochondrial stress through a quality control mechanism called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). The UPRmt system is composed of chaperones and proteases, which promote protein folding or eliminate mitochondrial proteins damaged by mtROS, respectively. UPRmt is conserved and activated in cancer in response to mitochondrial stress to maintain mitochondrial integrity and support tumor growth. In this review, we discuss how mitochondria become dysfunctional in cancer and highlight the tumor-promoting functions of key components of the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA.
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Pinseel E, Nakov T, Van den Berge K, Downey KM, Judy KJ, Kourtchenko O, Kremp A, Ruck EC, Sjöqvist C, Töpel M, Godhe A, Alverson AJ. Strain-specific transcriptional responses overshadow salinity effects in a marine diatom sampled along the Baltic Sea salinity cline. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:1776-1787. [PMID: 35383290 PMCID: PMC9213524 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The salinity gradient separating marine and freshwater environments represents a major ecological divide for microbiota, yet the mechanisms by which marine microbes have adapted to and ultimately diversified in freshwater environments are poorly understood. Here, we take advantage of a natural evolutionary experiment: the colonization of the brackish Baltic Sea by the ancestrally marine diatom Skeletonema marinoi. To understand how diatoms respond to low salinity, we characterized transcriptomic responses of acclimated S. marinoi grown in a common garden. Our experiment included eight strains from source populations spanning the Baltic Sea salinity cline. Gene expression analysis revealed that low salinities induced changes in the cellular metabolism of S. marinoi, including upregulation of photosynthesis and storage compound biosynthesis, increased nutrient demand, and a complex response to oxidative stress. However, the strain effect overshadowed the salinity effect, as strains differed significantly in their response, both regarding the strength and the strategy (direction of gene expression) of their response. The high degree of intraspecific variation in gene expression observed here highlights an important but often overlooked source of biological variation associated with how diatoms respond to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Pinseel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
| | - Teofil Nakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Koen Van den Berge
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics Institute Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kala M Downey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kathryn J Judy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Olga Kourtchenko
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anke Kremp
- Leibniz-Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elizabeth C Ruck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Conny Sjöqvist
- Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Åbo, Finland
| | - Mats Töpel
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Godhe
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Alverson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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Optimization of a Method for Detecting Intracellular Sulfane Sulfur Levels and Evaluation of Reagents That Affect the Levels in Escherichia coli. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071292. [PMID: 35883783 PMCID: PMC9311597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur is a class of compounds containing zero-valent sulfur. Most sulfane sulfur compounds are reactive and play important signaling roles. Key enzymes involved in the production and metabolism of sulfane sulfur have been characterized; however, little is known about how to change intracellular sulfane sulfur (iSS) levels. To accurately measure iSS, we optimized a previously reported method, in which reactive iSS reacts with sulfite to produce thiosulfate, a stable sulfane sulfur compound, before detection. With the improved method, several factors were tested to influence iSS in Escherichia coli. Temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure showed little effect. At commonly used concentrations, most tested oxidants, including hydrogen peroxide, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, hypochlorous acid, and diamide, did not affect iSS, but carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone increased iSS. For reductants, 10 mM dithiothreitol significantly decreased iSS, but tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine did not. Among different sulfur-bearing compounds, NaHS, cysteine, S2O32− and diallyl disulfide increased iSS, of which only S2O32− did not inhibit E. coli growth at 10 mM or less. Thus, with the improved method, we have identified reagents that may be used to change iSS in E. coli and other organisms, providing tools to further study the physiological functions of iSS.
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Lu G, Li Y, Mao K, Zang Y, Zhao X, Qiu Q, Qu M, Ouyang K. Effects of Rumen-Protected Creatine Pyruvate on Meat Quality, Hepatic Gluconeogenesis, and Muscle Energy Metabolism of Long-Distance Transported Beef Cattle. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.904503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-slaughter long-distance transport resulted in a rapid depletion of muscle glycogen and led to a higher rate of dark, firm and dry (DFD) meat. Therefore, enhancing muscle glycogen reserves is critical for beef cattle prior to transportation. Creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) can provide simultaneous pyruvate and creatine and both are proven to promote the glycogen reserves. This study aimed to investigate the effects of transport treatment and dietary supplementation of rumen-protected (RP)-CrPyr on the meat quality, muscle energy metabolism, and hepatic gluconeogenesis of beef cattle. Twenty 18 month-old male Simmental crossbred cattle (659 ± 16 kg) were allotted 4 treatments based on a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two RP-CrPyr levels (140 g/d or 0 g/d) and two transport treatments (12 h or 5 min): ST_CrPyr0, ST_CrPyr140, LT_CrPyr0 and LT_CrPyr140. Three cattle per group were slaughtered after 30 days of feeding. The interaction of transport and RP-CrPyr had a significant effect on the muscle pH45 min, redness, glycogen content, GP, and AMP level (P < 0.05). Compared with short-distance transport, long-distance transport increased the muscle pH45 min value, redness, yellowness, drip loss, creatine level (P < 0.05), decreased muscle glycogen content, glycolytic potential (GP), and liver glucose amount (P < 0.05). Supplementation of RP-CrPyr decreased the activities of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in serum, muscle pH24 h value, redness, yellowness, lactate content, AMP level, and AMP/ATP (P < 0.05), increased the muscle glycogen content, GP, hexokinase activity, ATP and ADP levels, and ATP/ADP, liver pyruvate and glucose contents, activity of pyruvate carboxylase in the liver of cattle than those in the nonsupplemented treatments (P < 0.05). These results indicated that dietary RP-CrPyr supplementation might be favorable to improve meat quality and regulatory capacity of energy metabolism of beef cattle suffering long-distance transport followed with recovery treatment by increasing muscle glycogen storage, energy supply, and hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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Ibrahim ES, Ohlsen K. The Old Yellow Enzyme OfrA Fosters Staphylococcus aureus Survival via Affecting Thiol-Dependent Redox Homeostasis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:888140. [PMID: 35656003 PMCID: PMC9152700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.888140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Old yellow enzymes (OYEs) are widely found in the bacterial, fungal, and plant kingdoms but absent in humans and have been used as biocatalysts for decades. However, OYEs’ physiological function in bacterial stress response and infection situations remained enigmatic. As a pathogen, the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus adapts to numerous stress conditions during pathogenesis. Here, we show that in S. aureus genome, two paralogous genes (ofrA and ofrB) encode for two OYEs. We conducted a bioinformatic analysis and found that ofrA is conserved among all publicly available representative staphylococcal genomes and some Firmicutes. Expression of ofrA is induced by electrophilic, oxidative, and hypochlorite stress in S. aureus. Furthermore, ofrA contributes to S. aureus survival against reactive electrophilic, oxygen, and chlorine species (RES, ROS, and RCS) via thiol-dependent redox homeostasis. At the host–pathogen interface, S. aureusΔofrA has defective survival in macrophages and whole human blood and decreased staphyloxanthin production. Overall, our results shed the light onto a novel stress response strategy in the important human pathogen S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam S Ibrahim
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Knut Ohlsen
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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A puromycin-dependent activity-based sensing probe for histochemical staining of hydrogen peroxide in cells and animal tissues. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:1691-1710. [PMID: 35562423 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a key member of the reactive oxygen species family of transient small molecules that has broad contributions to oxidative stress and redox signaling. The development of selective and sensitive chemical probes can enable the study of H2O2 biology in cell, tissue and animal models. Peroxymycin-1 is a histochemical activity-based sensing probe that responds to H2O2 via chemoselective boronate oxidation to release puromycin, which is then covalently incorporated into nascent proteins by the ribosome and can be detected by antibody staining. Here, we describe an optimized two-step, one-pot protocol for synthesizing Peroxymycin-1 with improved yields over our originally reported procedure. We also present detailed procedures for applying Peroxymycin-1 to a broad range of biological samples spanning cells to animal tissues for profiling H2O2 levels through histochemical detection by using commercially available anti-puromycin antibodies. The preparation of Peroxymycin-1 takes 9 h, the confocal imaging experiments of endogenous H2O2 levels across different cancer cell lines take 1 d, the dot blot analysis of mouse liver tissues takes 1 d and the confocal imaging of mouse liver tissues takes 3-4 d.
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Fletcher E, Wiggs M, Greathouse KL, Morgan G, Gordon PM. Impaired proteostasis in obese skeletal muscle relates to altered immunoproteasome activity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2022; 47:555-564. [PMID: 35148206 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated inflammation and/or oxidative stress can damage intramuscular proteins and jeopardize muscle integrity. The immunoproteasome (iProt) is vital to remove oxidatively modified proteins, but this function may be compromised with obesity. We sought to elucidate whether diet-induced obesity alters intramuscular iProt content and activity in mice to identify a possible mechanism for impaired muscle proteostasis in the obese state. Total proteasome content and activity and estimates of muscle oxidative damage, inflammation, muscle mass and strength were also assessed. Twenty-three male, 5-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFS; 45% kcal fat, 17% sucrose, n = 12) or low-fat, low-sucrose (LFS; 10% kcal fat, 0% sucrose, n = 11) diet for 12 weeks. Strength was assessed via a weightlifting test. Despite no change in pro-inflammatory cytokines (P > 0.05), oxidative protein damage was elevated within the gastrocnemius (P = 0.036) and tibialis anterior (P = 0.033) muscles of HFS-fed mice. Intramuscular protein damage coincided with reduced iProt and total proteasome activity (P < 0.05), and reductions in relative muscle mass (P < 0.001). Therefore, proteasome dysregulation occurs in obese muscle and may be a critical link in muscle oxidative stress. Novelty: Our results show for the first time that immunoproteasome and total proteasome function is significantly reduced within obese muscle. Visceral fat mass is a significant predictor of diminished proteasome activity in skeletal muscle. Proteasome function is inversely correlated with an intramuscular accumulation of oxidatively damaged proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Fletcher
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Michael Wiggs
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - K Leigh Greathouse
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA.,Department of Human Sciences and Design, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Grant Morgan
- Department of Educational Psychology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Paul M Gordon
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
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Tsao JP, Bernard JR, Hsu HC, Hsu CL, Liao SF, Cheng IS. Short-Term Oral Quercetin Supplementation Improves Post-exercise Insulin Sensitivity, Antioxidant Capacity and Enhances Subsequent Cycling Time to Exhaustion in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:875319. [PMID: 35571883 PMCID: PMC9096901 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.875319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Quercetin has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on health promotion in human studies. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term oral quercetin supplementation on post-exercise whole-body energy metabolism. This study also aimed to determine the effects of supplementation on oxygen stress, inflammation, muscle damage, and high-intensity cycling exercise performance. Method Twelve healthy participants, physically active students, were recruited to perform a randomized, single-blind crossover study. All subjects completed 7-days of quercetin (quercetin:1,000 mg per day for 7-days) and placebo supplementation in a randomized order. Supplement/placebo was combined with exercise consisting of 70% V̇O2max cycling for 60-min, followed by 3-h of recovery, then a subsequent single bout of cycling exercise with 75% V̇O2max to exhaustion. Time to exhaustion, indicators of muscle damage, as well as blood and gaseous parameters relating to energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, respectively, were determined. Results The results showed that 7-day quercetin supplementation significantly attenuated the post-exercise glucose-induced insulin response, increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activities, and mitigated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels during the recovery period (p < 0.05). While subsequent 75% V̇O2max cycling performance was significantly improved after quercetin treatment and accompanied by lower responses of interleukin 6 and creatine kinase at 24-h. However, it’s noted that there were no significant responses in glucose, respiratory exchange rate, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), myoglobin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein between quercetin and placebo trials. Conclusion Our findings concluded that 7-day oral quercetin supplementation enhances high-intensity cycling time to exhaustion, which may be due in part to the increase in whole-body insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and attenuation of exercise-induced oxygen stress and pro-inflammation. Therefore, quercetin may be considered an effective ergogenic aid for enhancing high-intensity cycling performance among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Piao Tsao
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Jeffrey R. Bernard
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Stanislaus, Turlock, CA, United States
| | - Hsiu-Chen Hsu
- Physical Education Office, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lin Hsu
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chin-Lin Hsu,
| | - Su-Fen Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Su-Fen Liao,
| | - I-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Physical Education, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City, Taiwan
- I-Shiung Cheng,
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Dual-Functional Antioxidant and Antiamyloid Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Fabricated by Controlled Synthesis in Water-Alcohol Solutions. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050942. [PMID: 35625679 PMCID: PMC9138294 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to be associated with a number of degenerative diseases. A better knowledge of the interplay between oxidative stress and amyloidogenesis is crucial for the understanding of both, aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs, nanoceria) due to their remarkable properties are perspective nanomaterials in the study of the processes accompanying oxidative-stress-related diseases, including amyloid-related pathologies. In the present work, we analyze the effects of CeO2 NPs of different sizes and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios on the fibrillogenesis of insulin, SOD-like enzymatic activity, oxidative stress, biocompatibility, and cell metabolic activity. CeO2 NPs (marked as Ce1–Ce5) with controlled physical–chemical parameters, such as different sizes and various Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios, are synthesized by precipitation in water–alcohol solutions. All synthesized NPs are monodispersed and exhibit good stability in aqueous suspensions. ThT and ANS fluorescence assays and AFM are applied to monitor the insulin amyloid aggregation and antiamyloid aggregation activity of CeO2 NPs. The analyzed Ce1–Ce5 nanoparticles strongly inhibit the formation of insulin amyloid aggregates in vitro. The bioactivity is analyzed using SOD and MTT assays, Western blot, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. The antioxidative effects and bioactivity of nanoparticles are size- or valence-dependent. CeO2 NPs show great potential benefits for studying the interplay between oxidative stress and amyloid-related diseases, and can be used for verification of the role of oxidative stress in amyloid-related diseases.
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The Effect of Lithium on the Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae upon Stress Adaptation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030590. [PMID: 35336166 PMCID: PMC8953283 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium salts are used in the treatment of mood disorders, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. It has been shown to prolong life span in several phyla; however, not yet in budding yeast. In our study, we investigate the influence of lithium on yeast cells' viability by characterizing protein aggregate formation, cell volume, and molecular crowding in the context of stress adaptation. While our data suggest a concentration-dependent growth inhibition caused by LiCl, we show an extended long-term survival rate as an effect of lithium addition upon glucose deprivation. We show that caloric restriction mitigates the negative impact of LiCl on cellular survival. Therefore, we suggest that lithium could affect glucose metabolism upon caloric restriction, which could explain the extended long-term survival observed in our study. We find furthermore that lithium chloride did not affect an immediate salt-induced Hsp104-dependent aggregate formation but cellular adaptation to H2O2 and acute glucose starvation. We presume that different salt types and concentrations interfere with effective Hsp104 recruitment or its ATP-dependent disaggregase activity as a response to salt stress. This work provides novel details of Li+ effect on live eukaryotic cells which may also be applicable in further research on the treatment of cancer, Alzheimer's, or other age-related diseases in humans.
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Jaballi A, Missihoun TD. The phytohormone abscisic acid modulates protein carbonylation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13658. [PMID: 35243640 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Protein carbonylation is a post-translational modification associated with the reactive oxygen species. It results from the direct oxidation of the side chains of Lys, Arg, Pro, and Thr residues by hydroxyl radical HO• or the addition of reactive carbonyl species including α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and oxylipins to the side chain of Cys, His, and Lys. Recent findings indicated that the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces the production of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes that modulate the effect of ABA on stomatal closure. This indicated that α,β-unsaturated aldehydes might mediate ABA signaling. In this study, we investigated the ABA-induced protein carbonylation events by profiling the carbonylated proteome extracted from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves after ABA treatment. The carbonylated proteins were enriched by affinity chromatography and subjected to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 180 carbonylated proteins. Of these, 26 proteins became carbonylated upon ABA treatment, whereas 163 proteins that were carbonylated in untreated samples were no longer detected in the ABA-treated samples, which points to dynamic control of protein carbonylation by ABA in A. thaliana. A few regulatory stress-related proteins and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the aspartate family of amino acids were overrepresented in the list of proteins, which the carbonylation status changed between untreated and ABA-treated samples. These results indicated that ABA triggers a change in the pattern of protein carbonylation in A. thaliana. This change is independent of the commonly seen increased levels of carbonylated proteins in the plants subjected to deadly stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Jaballi
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (GRBV), Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
| | - Tagnon D Missihoun
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale (GRBV), Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Miranda GHN, Alencar de Oliveira Lima L, Bittencourt LO, dos Santos SM, Platini Caldas de Souza M, Nogueira LS, de Oliveira EHC, Monteiro MC, Dionizio A, Leite AL, Pessan JP, Buzalaf MAR, Lima RR. Effects of long-term fluoride exposure are associated with oxidative biochemistry impairment and global proteomic modulation, but not genotoxicity, in parotid glands of mice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261252. [PMID: 35085268 PMCID: PMC8794182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoride has become widely used in dentistry because of its effectiveness in caries control. However, evidence indicates that excessive intake interferes with the metabolic processes of different tissues. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exposure to F on the parotid salivary gland of mice, from the analysis of oxidative, proteomic and genotoxic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals received deionized water containing 0, 10 or 50 mg/L of F, as sodium fluoride, for 60 days. After, parotid glands were collected for analysis of oxidative biochemistry, global proteomic profile, genotoxicity assessment and histopathological analyses. RESULTS The results revealed that exposure to fluoride interfered in the biochemical homeostasis of the parotid gland, with increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species and reduced glutathione in the exposed groups; as well as promoted alteration of the glandular proteomic profile in these groups, especially in structural proteins and proteins related to oxidative stress. However, genotoxic assessment demonstrated that exposure to fluoride did not interfere with DNA integrity in these concentrations and durations of exposure. Also, it was not observed histopathological alterations in parotid gland. CONCLUSIONS Thus, our results suggest that long-term exposure to fluoride promoted modulation of the proteomic and biochemical profile in the parotid glands, without inducing damage to the genetic component. These findings reinforce the importance of rationalizing the use of fluorides to maximize their preventative effects while minimizing the environmental risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giza Hellen Nonato Miranda
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Oliveira Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sávio Monteiro dos Santos
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Oxidative Stress, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Oxidative Stress, Pharmacy Faculty, Institute of Health Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Aline Dionizio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Lima Leite
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Hussein H, Kishen A. Application of Proteomics in Apical Periodontitis. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.814603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory reaction of the periradicular tissues as a consequence of multispecies microbial communities organized as biofilms within the root canal system. Periradicular tissue changes at the molecular level initiate and orchestrate the inflammatory process and precede the presentation of clinical symptoms. Inflammatory mediators have been studied at either the proteomic, metabolomic, or transcriptomic levels. Analysis at the protein level is the most common approach used to identify and quantify analytes from diseased periradicular tissues during root canal treatment, since it is more representative of definitive and active periradicular inflammatory mediator than its transcript expression level. In disease, proteins expressed in an altered manner could be utilized as biomarkers. Biomarker proteins in periradicular tissues have been qualitatively and quantitatively assessed using antibodies (immunoassays and immunostaining) or mass spectrometry-based approaches. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of biomarker proteins identified in clinical studies investigating periradicular lesions and pulp tissue associated with apical periodontitis using proteomics. The high throughput mass spectrometry-based proteomics has the potential to improve the current methods of monitoring inflammation while distinguishing between progressive, stable, and healing lesions for the identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. This method would provide more objective tools to (a) discover biomarkers related to biological processes for better clinical case selection, and (b) determine tissue response to novel therapeutic interventions for more predictable outcomes in endodontic treatment.
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Oxidative Stress in Human Pathology and Aging: Molecular Mechanisms and Perspectives. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030552. [PMID: 35159361 PMCID: PMC8833991 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. An imbalance between the generation and neutralization of oxidants results in the progression to oxidative stress (OS), which in turn gives rise to various diseases, disorders and aging. The characteristics of aging include the progressive loss of function in tissues and organs. The theory of aging explains that age-related functional losses are due to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), their subsequent damages and tissue deformities. Moreover, the diseases and disorders caused by OS include cardiovascular diseases [CVDs], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. OS, induced by ROS, is neutralized by different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and prevents cells, tissues and organs from damage. However, prolonged OS decreases the content of antioxidant status of cells by reducing the activities of reductants and antioxidative enzymes and gives rise to different pathological conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to discuss the mechanism of ROS-induced OS signaling and their age-associated complications mediated through their toxic manifestations in order to devise effective preventive and curative natural therapeutic remedies.
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Methylmercury exposure during prenatal and postnatal neurodevelopment promotes oxidative stress associated with motor and cognitive damages in rats: an environmental-experimental toxicology study. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:563-574. [PMID: 35392159 PMCID: PMC8980556 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental contamination by methylmercury (MeHg) is a major concern for public health. The effects of MeHg in the central nervous system (CNS) of adult animals have been extensively investigated; however, little is known about the effects of MeHg exposure during intrauterine and lactation periods on motor and cognitive functions of adolescent rats. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of MeHg exposure during intrauterine life and lactation on both motor and cognitive functions of offspring rats. Ten female Wistar rats were exposed to 40 μg/kg/day of MeHg through cookie treats from the first day of pregnancy until the last day of breastfeeding. Both motor and cognitive functions of offspring male rats were assessed by open field, rotarod, and step-down inhibitory avoidance tests. Forty-one days after birth, the hippocampus and cerebellum were collected to determine total Hg content, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals (ACAP), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and nitrite levels. MeHg exposure during CNS development increased Hg levels in both hippocampal and cerebellar parenchymas, triggered oxidative stress throughout ACAP and GSH decrease, increased LPO and nitrite levels. These alterations resulted in reduced spontaneous and stimulated locomotion and short- and long-term memory deficits. Therefore, damages triggered by MeHg exposure during intrauterine life and lactation had detrimental effects on oxidative biochemistry and motor and cognitive functions of offspring rats. The MeHg exposure during CNS development increased mercury levels in hippocampal and cerebellar parenchyma. The MeHg intoxication during pregnancy and lactation impairs the redox status of hippocampus and cerebellum of the offspring. MeHg exposure causes behavioral effects in motor ability and cognition of offspring rats.
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Nguyen M, Sabry R, Davis OS, Favetta LA. Effects of BPA, BPS, and BPF on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Enzyme Expression in Bovine Oocytes and Spermatozoa. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:142. [PMID: 35052481 PMCID: PMC8774721 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs, bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), might impact fertility by altering oxidative stress pathways. Here, we hypothesize that bisphenols-induced oxidative stress is responsible for decreased gamete quality. In both female (cumulus-oocyte-complexes-COCs) and male (spermatozoa), oxidative stress was measured by CM-H2DCFDA assay and key ROS scavengers (SOD1, SOD2, GPX1, GPX4, CAT) were quantified at the mRNA and protein levels using qPCR and Western blot (COCs)/immunofluorescence (sperm). Either gamete was treated in five groups: control, vehicle, and 0.05 mg/mL of BPA, BPS, or BPF. Our results show elevated ROS in BPA-treated COCs but decreased production in BPS- and BPF-treated spermatozoa. Additionally, both mRNA and protein expression of SOD2, GPX1, and GPX4 were decreased in BPA-treated COCs (p < 0.05). In sperm, motility (p < 0.03), but not morphology, was significantly altered by bisphenols. SOD1 mRNA expression was significantly increased, while GPX4 was significantly reduced. These results support BPA's ability to alter oxidative stress in oocytes and, to a lesser extent, in sperm. However, BPS and BPF likely act through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura A. Favetta
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.N.); (R.S.); (O.S.D.)
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Singh A, Kandi AR, Jayaprakashappa D, Thuery G, Purohit DJ, Huelsmeier J, Singh R, Pothapragada SS, Ramaswami M, Bakthavachalu B. The Transcriptional Response to Oxidative Stress is Independent of Stress-Granule Formation. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar25. [PMID: 34985933 PMCID: PMC9250384 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-08-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to stress with translational arrest, robust transcriptional changes, and transcription-independent formation of mRNP assemblies termed stress granules (SGs). Despite considerable interest in the role of SGs in oxidative, unfolded-protein and viral stress responses, whether and how SGs contribute to stress-induced transcription has not been rigorously examined. To address this, we characterized transcriptional changes in Drosophila S2 cells induced by acute oxidative-stress and assessed how these were altered under conditions that disrupted SG assembly. Oxidative stress for 3-hours predominantly resulted in induction or upregulation of stress-responsive mRNAs whose levels peaked during recovery after stress cessation. The stress-transcriptome is enriched in mRNAs coding for chaperones, including HSP70s, small heat shock proteins, glutathione transferases, and several non-coding RNAs. Oxidative stress also induced cytoplasmic SGs that disassembled 3-hours after stress cessation. As expected, RNAi-mediated knockdown of the conserved G3BP1/Rasputin protein inhibited SG assembly. However, this disruption had no significant effect on the stress-induced transcriptional response or stress-induced translational arrest. Thus, SG assembly and stress-induced gene expression alterations appear to be driven by distinctive signaling processes. We suggest that while SG assembly represents a fast, transient mechanism, the transcriptional response enables a slower, longer-lasting mechanism for adaptation to and recovery from cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanjot Singh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Arvind Reddy Kandi
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society Centre at inStem, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | | | - Guillaume Thuery
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics and School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin-2 Ireland
| | - Devam J Purohit
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Joern Huelsmeier
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics and School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin-2 Ireland
| | - Rashi Singh
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India
| | | | - Mani Ramaswami
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR, Bangalore 560065, India.,Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics and School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin-2 Ireland
| | - Baskar Bakthavachalu
- Tata Institute for Genetics and Society Centre at inStem, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India.,School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi 175005, India
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