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Yacoub HA, Mahmoud MM, Al-Hejin AM, Abujamel TS, Tabrez S, Abd-Elmaksoud S. Effect of Nk-lysin peptides on bacterial growth, MIC, antimicrobial resistance, and viral activities. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2290520. [PMID: 38100547 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2290520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysins from chicken, bovine and human are used as antiviral and antibacterial agents. Gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium, are susceptible to NK-lysin treatment. The presence of dominant TEM-1 gene was noted in all untreated and treated bacteria, while TOHO-1 gene was absent in all bacteria. Importantly, β-lactamase genes CTX-M-1, CTX-M-8, and CTX-M-9 genes were detected in untreated bacterial strains; however, none of these were found in any bacterial strains following treatment with NK-lysin peptides. NK-lysin peptides are also used to test for inhibition of infectivity, which ranged from 50 to 90% depending on NK-lysin species. Chicken, bo vine and human NK-lysin peptides are demonstrated herein to have antibacterial activity and antiviral activity against Rotavirus (strain SA-11). On the basis of the comparison between these peptides, potent antiviral activity of bovine NK-lysin against Rotavirus (strain SA-11) is particularly evident, inhibiting infection by up to 90%. However, growth was also significantly inhibited by chicken and human NK-lysin peptides, restricted by 80 and 50%, respectively. This study provided a novel treatment using NK-lysin peptides to inhibit expression of β-lactamase genes in β-lactam antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Yacoub
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maged Mostafa Mahmoud
- Regerenative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
| | - Ahmed M Al-Hejin
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S Abujamel
- Regerenative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Regerenative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
| | - Sherif Abd-Elmaksoud
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Ortega L, Carrera C, Muñoz-Flores C, Salazar S, Villegas MF, Starck MF, Valenzuela A, Agurto N, Montesino R, Astuya A, Parra N, Pérez ET, Santibáñez N, Romero A, Ruíz P, Lamazares E, Reyes F, Sánchez O, Toledo JR, Acosta J. New insight into the biological activity of Salmo salar NK-lysin antimicrobial peptides. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1191966. [PMID: 38655253 PMCID: PMC11035819 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1191966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
NK-lysin is a potent antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. NK-lysin is a type of granulysin, a member of the saposin-like proteins family first isolated from a pig's small intestine. In previous work, for the first time, we identified four variants of nk-lysin from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using EST sequences. In the present study, we reported and characterized two additional transcripts of NK-lysin from S. salar. Besides, we evaluated the tissue distribution of three NK-lysins from S. salar and assessed the antimicrobial, hemolytic, and immunomodulatory activities and signaling pathways of three NK-lysin-derived peptides. The synthetic peptides displayed antimicrobial activity against Piscirickettsia salmonis (LF-89) and Flavobacterium psychrophilum. These peptides induced the expression of immune genes related to innate and adaptive immune responses in vitro and in vivo. The immunomodulatory activity of the peptides involves the mitogen-activated protein kinases-mediated signaling pathway, including p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and/or c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Besides, the peptides modulated the immune response induced by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Our findings show that NK-lysin could be a highly effective immunostimulant or vaccine adjuvant for use in fish aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Crisleri Carrera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Santiago Salazar
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Milton F. Villegas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - María F. Starck
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Piscicultura y Patología Acuática, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Niza Agurto
- Laboratorio de Piscicultura y Patología Acuática, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raquel Montesino
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Allisson Astuya
- Laboratorio de Genómica Marina y Cultivo Celular, Departamento de Oceanografía y Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica en el Pacífico Sur Oriental (COPAS) Sur-Austral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalie Parra
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ercilia T. Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias (FONDAP), Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natacha Santibáñez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias (FONDAP), Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alex Romero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigación en Áreas Prioritarias (FONDAP), Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela Ruíz
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Talcahuano, Chile
| | - Emilio Lamazares
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Fátima Reyes
- Laboratorio de Biofármacos Recombinantes, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biofármacos Recombinantes, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge R. Toledo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jannel Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Yang Y, Song X, Cui N, Lei T, Huang Y, Shi Y, Hu Y, Zhou X, Zhao Z. Functional characterization of obscure puffer ToNK-lysin: A novel immunomodulator possessing anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109080. [PMID: 37748586 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysins are one of the most abundant antimicrobial peptides produced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NKs), and identified as a new class of intrinsically disordered proteins, playing critical roles in the cell-mediated cytotoxicity response, as well as immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities upon a significant range of pathogens. In the present study, an NK-lysin was identified from Obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus (ToNK-lysin). The open reading frame of ToNK-lysin sequence spans 423 bp, encoding a peptide with 140 amino acids which shares a moderate residue identity (18%-60%) with NK-lysin of mammals and other teleost species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ToNK-lysin was most closely related to NK-lysins from the Pleuronectiformes (Bastard halibut Paralichthys olivaceus and Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis). Comprehensive computational analysis revealed that ToNK-lysin have substantial level of intrinsic disorder, which might be contribute to its multifunction. The transcripts of the ToNK-lysin were detected in multiple examined tissues and most abundant in gills. After bacterial and Poly I:C challenge, the transcriptional levels of ToNK-lysin were significantly up-regulated in the head kidney, liver and spleen at different time points. The recombinant ToNK-lysin showed significant antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi and Escherichia coli, and the ToNK-lysin treatment not only reduced the bacterial loads in liver and head kidney, but also alleviated the pathogen-mediated upregulation of immune-related genes. In addition, the co-incubation with rToNK-lysin protein remarkably degraded bacterial genomic DNA, suggesting the potential mechanism of ToNK-lysin against microbes. These results suggest that ToNK-lysin possess antibacterial and immunoregulatory function both in vivo and in vitro, which may allow it a potential applicability to the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Yang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Nan Cui
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Tianying Lei
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Yadong Hu
- Jiangsu Innovation Center of Marine Bioresource, Jiangsu Coast Development Group Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Xinghu Zhou
- Jiangsu Innovation Center of Marine Bioresource, Jiangsu Coast Development Group Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China; Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, China.
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Zhang Y, Deng P, Dai C, Wu M, Liu X, Li L, Pan X, Yuan J. Investigation of putative antimicrobial peptides in Carassius gibel, revealing a practical approach to screening antimicrobials. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:254-264. [PMID: 34990806 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their mimics are rapidly gaining attention as a new class of antimicrobials due to their clinical potential. AMPs are widely distributed throughout nature and participate in the innate host defense. In this study, 18 AMPs, including 3 β-defensins, 3 hepcidins, 4 liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) compounds, 4 g-type lysozymes, 2 c-type lysozymes, and 2 NK-lysins, were identified from the genome of Carassius auratus by a homologous search and were further classified based on their fundamental structural features and molecular phylogeny. C. auratus AMPs were found to be ubiquitously distributed in all tested tissues and showed similar expression profiles, with the exception of β-defensins, when RT-qPCR was used to investigate the tissue distribution of AMPs in healthy Carassius gibel. In addition, the expression levels of NK-lysin genes in the tested tissues tended to be upregulated upon bacterial and viral infection when representative NK-lysins were chosen to examine their relative expression levels in various tissues. Importantly, the synthetic peptide caNKL2102-119, which targets the functional domain of saposin B in caNK-lysins, could effectively counter Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 3-6 μg/mL, as well as inhibit the proliferation of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV). These results provide potential targets for antibiotic-free breeding in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Deng
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Caijiao Dai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengke Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junfa Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Chen RY, Chen J, Liu ZM, Lin ZH, Guo ZP. Barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo) NK-lysin protects against Aeromonas hydrophila infection via immunomodulatory activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104114. [PMID: 33945835 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysins (NKLs) are a family of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides that have activity against various microorganisms. However, the immunomodulatory activity of NKL in fish remains unclear. In this study, the cDNA sequence of barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo) NKL gene was cloned. Barbel steed NKL amino acid sequence comprised a signal peptide and a mature peptide. The saposin B domain in the mature peptide has six conserved cysteines that form three disulfide bonds. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the barbel steed NKL was most closely related to that of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) NKL. Differential expression analysis showed that the barbel steed NKL gene was expressed in all tested tissues, with the highest expression in the spleen. In response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection, NKL was significantly upregulated in the liver, spleen, head kidney, and gill. The barbel steed NKL showed strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, and Listeria monocytogenes. However, NKL had no antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria A. hydrophila. Lactate dehydrogenase release assays showed that NKL damaged the V. parahaemolyticus cell membrane. NKL significantly increased barbel steed survival rate after A. hydrophila infection and upregulated IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the spleen and head kidney. NKL induced monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis and enhanced the respiratory burst and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Our study shows that fish NKL exhibits immunomodulatory effects and protects the host from pathogenic infections independent of direct bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yi Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Zi-Ming Liu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Zhi-Ping Guo
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
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Valero Y, González-Fernández C, Cárdenas C, Guzmán F, León R, Cuesta A. NK-lysin peptides ameliorate viral encephalopathy and retinopathy disease signs and provide partial protection against nodavirus infection in European sea bass. Antiviral Res 2021; 192:105104. [PMID: 34087253 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) comprise a wide range of small molecules with direct antibacterial activity and immunostimulatory role and are proposed as promising substitutes of the antibiotics. Additionally, they also exert a role against other pathogens such as viruses and fungi less evaluated. NK-lysin, a human granulysin orthologue, possess a double function, taking part in the innate immunity as AMP and also as direct effector in the cell-mediated cytotoxic (CMC) response. This molecule is suggested as a pivotal molecule involved in the defence upon nervous necrosis virus (NNV), an epizootic virus provoking serious problems in welfare and health status in Asian and Mediterranean fish destined to human consumption. Having proved that NK-lysin derived peptides (NKLPs) have a direct antiviral activity against NNV in vitro, we aimed to evaluate their potential use as a prophylactic treatment for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), one of the most susceptible cultured-fish species. Thus, intramuscular injection of synthetic NKLPs resulted in a very low transcriptional response of some innate and adaptive immune markers. However, the injection of NKLPs ameliorated disease signs and increased fish survival upon challenge with pathogenic NNV. Although NKLPs showed promising results in treatments against NNV, more efforts are needed to understand their mechanisms of action and their applicability to the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulema Valero
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Constanza Cárdenas
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Del Mar (CEIMAR), Universidad de Huelva, 2110, Huelva, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Ma H, Han YC, Palti Y, Gao G, Liu S, Palmquist DE, Wiens GD, Shepherd BS. Structure and regulation of the NK-lysin (1-4) and NK-lysin like (a and b) antimicrobial genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103961. [PMID: 33301795 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nk-lysin (Nkl), an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) product of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells in mammals, has recently been characterized in a number of finfish species. In this study, we identified six genes with sequence homology to Nkl and characterized their patterns of mRNA expression and abundances in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The cDNA sequences for the six Nkls encoded precursor peptides of 128-133 aa in length, and mature peptides of 109-111 aa in length. Genomic DNA of the nkl1-4 genes consisted of five exons and four introns, whereas the nkl-like a & b genes consisted of four exons and three introns. Chromosomal locations of these peptides show that nkl1 was located on chromosome arm 25q, whereas the other five nkl genes were clustered on chromosome arm 19q. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a conserved structure of Nkls among the teleosts and further protein sequence analyses suggests that all six nkl genes fall within the Nkl sub-family of the Saposin family of proteins. Patterns of tissue-specific mRNA expression were asymmetric among the six trout Nkl homologues, with nkl1, nkl3, and nkl-like a & b occurring in immune competent organs such as spleen, gill, intestine and kidney, as well as pineal gland, brain and oocytes. However, nkl2 and nkl4, showed primary abundances in brain, pineal gland and oocyte tissues. Using mRNA sequencing, in whole-body pools of juvenile trout fry (1 g bw) exposed to Flavobacterium psychrophilum infection, we observed modest up-regulation (2-3 fold) of five (nkl 2-4 and nkl-like a & b) of the six nkl mRNAs over the five-day post-challenge time-course. However, no upregulation could be recorded in spleen tissue measured by qPCR in juvenile trout (270 g bw). Using mRNA sequencing again, mRNA abundances were determined in gill of juvenile trout (~57.7 g bw) exposed to various aquaculture stressors. The results indicated that all six nkls (nkl1-4 and nkl-like a and nkl-like b) were downregulated when exposed to high temperature, and that nkl1 was significantly downregulated following salinity challenge. Overall, these newly characterized AMPs may contribute to host innate immunity as they are modulated following pathogen challenge and by physiological stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- USDA-ARS-NADC-Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA, 50010, USA; USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd., Leetown, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Han
- USDA-ARS-School of Freshwater Sciences, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Yniv Palti
- USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd., Leetown, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Guangtu Gao
- USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd., Leetown, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Sixin Liu
- USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd., Leetown, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Debra E Palmquist
- USDA/ARS-Midwest Area Statistics Unit, 1815 N. Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Gregory D Wiens
- USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd., Leetown, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Brian S Shepherd
- USDA-ARS-School of Freshwater Sciences, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA.
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Lei Y, Qiu R, Shen Y, Zhou Y, Cao Z, Sun Y. Molecular characterization and antibacterial immunity functional analysis of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) gene in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:833-843. [PMID: 32891790 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2) is a member of the antimicrobial peptides family. Research has demonstrated that LEAP-2 contains a number of cations and plays a key role in the innate immune system of organism. In this study, we cloned and identified TroLEAP-2, from the golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus), and analyzed its functions in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that TroLEAP-2 contains a 321 bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes 106 putative amino acids with a molecular weight of 11.65 kDa. The mature TroLEAP-2 peptide possesses four conserved cysteine residues, which can form a core structure with two disulfide bonds between the cysteine residues in the relative 1-3 (Cys 77 and Cys 88) and 2-4 (Cys 83 and Cys 93) positions. It has a high amino acid sequence similarity (38.68%-83.02%) with the liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide -2 of other teleosts. Phylogenetic analysis showed that TroLEAP-2 clustered with the LEAP-2 of Paralichthys olivaceus and Miichthy milluy. TroLEAP-2 was most abundantly expressed in the liver, spleen, and kidney, and was significantly upregulated during Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus agalactiae infection. Purified recombinant TroLEAP-2 (rTroLEAP-2) could significantly inhibit the in vitro growth of E. tarda and S. agalactiae. Overexpression of TroLEAP-2 in vivo was shown to significantly reduce E. tarda and S. agalactiae colonization of tissues, whereas its knockdown resulted in an increase of bacteria in fish tissues. We also saw that TroLEAP-2 overexpression significantly improved macrophage activation in vivo. Moreover, TroLEAP-2 can induce the expression of nonspecific immune-related genes. These results showed that it might play a significant role in the innate immune system of golden pompano. In conclusion, our results indicate that TroLEAP-2 plays an important role in antibacterial immunity and provides a new avenue for protection against pathogenic infections in golden pompano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Reng Qiu
- Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insects Bio-reactor, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, 473061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China.
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9
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Liu B, Liu GD, Guo HY, Zhu KC, Guo L, Liu BS, Zhang N, Jiang SG, Zhang DC. Functional characterization of NK-lysin in golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus (Linnaeus 1758). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:103658. [PMID: 32087193 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysin is an important part of the innate immune defence system and plays an important role in resisting the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, NK-lysin from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) was characterized and its expression in response to Photobacterium damselae was investigated. The full-length NK-lysin cDNA was 731 bp, which comprised a 5'-UTR of 63 bp, an ORF of 444 bp, and a 3'-UTR of 224 bp, and encoded 147 amino acids; NK-lysin consisted of a conserved saposin B domain and six conserved cysteines that formed three pairs of disulfide bonds. The genomic organization of NK-lysin was also determined and the gene consisted of four introns and five exons. The predicted promoter region of ToNK-lysin contained several putative transcription factor binding sites. Quantitative real-time (qRT-PCR) analysis indicated that ToNK-lysin was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues; the highest mRNA levels were observed in the skin, kidney and intestine, while the lowest expression level was detected in the stomach. After P. damselae stimulation, the expression level of NK-lysin mRNA was significantly upregulated in various tissues of golden pompano. In addition, SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular mass of recombinant NK-lysin expressed in pGEX-6P-1 was approximately 37 kDa. The purified recombinant protein showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The results indicate that golden pompano NK-lysin has potential antimicrobial roles in fish innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang-Dong Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liang Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Gui Jiang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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10
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Valero Y, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. NK-lysin is highly conserved in European sea bass and gilthead seabream but differentially modulated during the immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:435-441. [PMID: 32088283 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fish NK-lysin (NKL), an orthologous to human granulysin, exerts a dual role as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and as a direct executor of T cytotoxic and natural killer cells during the cell-mediated cytotoxic (CMC) response. Although its best-known function is as AMP against bacteria, recent studies point to a special role of NKL in antiviral responses. Nodavirus (NNV) is a spreading threat in Mediterranean aquaculture. In this study, we have identified and compared the expression pattern of European sea bass and gilthead seabream NKL and evaluated its transcription in different tissues and its regulation in head-kidney leucocyte (HKLs) stimulated in vitro with different immunostimulants, under CMC response and upon an in vivo infection with NNV. Our results showed that nkl transcription is highly expressed in spleen, thymus and skin with species-specific differences. Interestingly, the expression pattern in both species was very different upon treatment. While sea bass nkl transcription was increased in HKLs by the T mitogen phytohemagglutinin all the stimulators inhibited it in seabream HKLs. Similar results occurred in NNV-infected fish where the transcription was increased in sea bass tissues and down-regulated in seabream. Curiously, during CMC assays, nkl transcription was significantly increased in seabream HKLs against NNV-infected fish cell lines but this was not observed in sea bass leucocytes. The potential role of NKL as CMC effector molecule or as AMP in fish will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulema Valero
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, 30860, Puerto de Mazarrón, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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11
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Ding FF, Li CH, Chen J. Molecular characterization of the NK-lysin in a teleost fish, Boleophthalmus pectinirostris: Antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory activity on monocytes/macrophages. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:256-264. [PMID: 31200076 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysin (NKL) is a cationic host defense peptide that plays an important role in host immune responses against various pathogens. However, the immunomodulatory activity of NKL in fishes is rarely investigated. In this study, we characterized a cDNA sequence encoding an NK-lysin homolog (BpNKL) from the fish, mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris). Sequence analysis revealed that BpNKL is most closely related to tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes) NKL. BpNKL transcript was detected in all the tested tissues, with the highest level in the gill, followed by the spleen and kidney. Upon Edwardsiella tarda infection, the mRNA expression of BpNKL in the mudskipper was significantly upregulated in the spleen, kidney, and gill. A shortened peptide derived from BpNKL, BpNKLP40, was then chemically synthesized and its biological functions were investigated. BpNKLP40 exhibited a direct antibacterial activity against some Gram-negative bacteria, including E. tarda, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio harveyi, and induced hydrolysis of E. tarda genomic DNA. Intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 μg/g BpNKLP40 significantly improved the survival of mudskipper following E. tarda infection and reduced the bacterial burden in tissues and blood. Moreover, 1.0 μg/ml BpNKLP40 treatment had an enhanced effect on the intracellular killing of E. tarda by monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ) as well as on the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in MO/MФ. In conclusion, our study reveals that BpNKL plays a role against E. tarda infection in the mudskipper by not only directly killing bacteria but also through an immunomodulatory activity on MO/MФ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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12
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Valero Y, Cortés J, Mercado L. NK-lysin from skin-secreted mucus of Atlantic salmon and its potential role in bacteriostatic activity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 87:410-413. [PMID: 30703553 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysin, despite being a direct effector of cytotoxic T and natural killer cells, is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with known antibacterial function in vertebrates and so in fish. Its presence has been described in different tissues of teleost fish. One of the strongest antimicrobial barriers in fish is skin-secreted mucus; however, this mucus has been found to contain only a small number of AMPs. The present study describes for the first time the constitutive expression of NK-lysin in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) mucus produced by the skin, recording the AMP at a higher concentration than in serum with greater bacteriostatic activity. Hepcidin may be involved to a greater extent in systemic responses since it was expressed to a higher degree in serum which was more potent for alternative complement and peroxidase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulema Valero
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jimena Cortés
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile; Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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13
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Lama R, Pereiro P, Costa MM, Encinar JA, Medina-Gali RM, Pérez L, Lamas J, Leiro J, Figueras A, Novoa B. Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) Nk-lysin induces protection against the pathogenic parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi via membrane disruption. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 82:190-199. [PMID: 30086378 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
P. dicentrarchi is one of the most threatening pathogens for turbot aquaculture. This protozoan ciliate is a causative agent of scuticociliatosis, which is a disease with important economic consequences for the sector. Neither vaccines nor therapeutic treatments are commercially available to combat this infection. Numerous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites and even tumor cells; an example is Nk-lysin (Nkl), which is an AMP belonging to the saposin-like protein (SAPLIP) family with an ability to interact with biological membranes. Following the recent characterization of turbot Nkl, an expression plasmid encoding Nkl was constructed and an anti-Nkl polyclonal antibody was successfully tested. Using these tools, we demonstrated that although infection did not clearly affect nkl mRNA expression, it induced changes at the protein level. Turbot Nkl had the ability to inhibit proliferation of the P. dicentrarchi parasite both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, a shortened peptide containing the active core of turbot Nkl (Nkl71-100) was synthesized and showed high antiparasitic activity with a direct effect on parasite viability that probably occurred via membrane disruption. Therefore, the nkl gene may be a good candidate for genetic breeding selection of fish, and either the encoded peptide or its shortened analog is a promising antiparasitic treatment in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lama
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - P Pereiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - M M Costa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - J A Encinar
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - R M Medina-Gali
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - L Pérez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - J Lamas
- Departamento de Biología Funcional e Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Leiro
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - B Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
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14
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Lee MO, Dobson L, Davis BW, Skow L, Derr J, Womack JE. Genomic Structure and Tissue Expression of the NK-Lysin Gene Family in Bison. J Hered 2018; 109:598-603. [PMID: 29718298 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of natural peptides with varying numbers of amino acids. They are principal components of innate immunity in vertebrates, encoding natural antibiotics and providing a protective response against a broad range of microbes including those responsible for tuberculosis, an important disease in bison. NK-lysins are AMPs that have been described in various organisms and are coded by a single gene in several mammalian species, including human. Recently, we described a family of 4 NK-lysin genes in cattle. Here, we examined NK-lysin genes in bison and identified 4 bison paralogs (NK1, NK2A, NK2B, and NK2C), although the current bison genome assembly annotates only 2 (NK1 and NK2). Sequence and phylogenetic analysis support the triplication of NK2 prior to the most recent common ancestor of bison and cattle. Comparative mapping of bison and cattle paralogs indicates that the NK-lysin family is located on bison chromosome 11 with well-conserved synteny of flanking genes relative to cattle. The 3 bison NK-lysin2 genes share high sequence similarity with each other. RNA-seq analysis demonstrates that NK2A, NK2B, and NK2C are expressed primarily in the lung, whereas NK1 is expressed at low levels in all tissues studied. This tissue expression pattern differs from that previously reported for cattle, suggesting some divergence in function since the evolutionary separation of the 2 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ok Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
| | - Lauren Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
| | - Brian W Davis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Loren Skow
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - James Derr
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
| | - James E Womack
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
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15
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Natural Resistance Associated Macrophage Protein Is Involved in Immune Response of Blunt Snout Bream, Megalobrama amblycephala. Cells 2018; 7:cells7040027. [PMID: 29596379 PMCID: PMC5946104 DOI: 10.3390/cells7040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein gene (Nramp), has been identified as one of the significant candidate genes responsible for modulating vertebrate natural resistance to intracellular pathogens. Here, we identified and characterized a new Nramp family member, named as maNramp, in the blunt snout bream. The full-length cDNA of maNramp consists of a 153 bp 5′UTR, a 1635 bp open reading frame encoding a protein with 544 amino acids, and a 1359 bp 3′UTR. The deduced protein (maNRAMP) possesses the typical structural features of NRAMP protein family, including 12 transmembrane domains, three N-linked glycosylation sites, and a conserved transport motif. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that maNRAMP shares the significant sequence consistency with other teleosts, and shows the higher sequence similarity to mammalian Nramp2 than Nramp1. It was found that maNramp expressed ubiquitously in all normal tissues tested, with the highest abundance in the spleen, followed by the head kidney and intestine, and less abundance in the muscle, gill, and kidney. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, the mRNA level of maNramp was rapidly up-regulated, which reached a peak level at 6 h. Altogether, these results indicated that maNramp might be related to fish innate immunity and similar to mammalian Nramp1 in function.
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16
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Wang GL, Wang MC, Liu YL, Zhang Q, Li CF, Liu PT, Li EZ, Nie P, Xie HX. Identification, expression analysis, and antibacterial activity of NK-lysin from common carp Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:11-21. [PMID: 29162543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer lysin (NK-lysin), produced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, is a cationic antimicrobial peptide that has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Nevertheless, the implication of NK-lysin in the protection against bacterial infection is not aware in common carp. In this study, six different NK-lysin genes (nkl1, nkl2, nkl3, nkl4, nkl5 and nkl6) were identified in the common carp genome. Each of the mature peptides of common carp NK-lysin has six well-conserved cysteine residues, and shares a Saposin B domain, characteristic of saposin-like protein (SALIP) family. The gene nkl1 contains 5 extrons and 4 introns, and nkl2, nkl3, nkl4 or nkl5 contains 4 extrons and 3 introns, however, the nkl6 has 3 extrons and 2 introns. By quantitative real-time PCR, nkl2 transcripts were predominantly expressed in spleen of healthy common carp, while elevated mainly in gill and spleen upon Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The recombinant NK-lysin-2 purified from Pichia pastoris shows antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), and Escherichia coli M15, Aeromonas hydrophila, as well as Edwardsiella tarda (Gram-negative), the latter two are important pathogens of aquaculture. Our results indicate that NK-lysin in common carp might play an important role in fish immune response by enhancing antibacterial defense against bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gai Ling Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Ming Cheng Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Ying Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuan Feng Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Pan Ting Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - En Zhong Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Hai Xia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China.
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17
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Huang Y, Zheng Q, Niu J, Tang J, Wang B, Abarike ED, Lu Y, Cai J, Jian J. NK-lysin from Oreochromis niloticus improves antimicrobial defence against bacterial pathogens. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:259-265. [PMID: 29117592 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysin, an effector of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, is a potent antimicrobial peptide widely distributed in mammals. Homologues of NK-lysin have been discovered in several teleost species, but only several of their natural functions was recorded so far. Here we identified an NK-lysin from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), On-NKL, and analysed its expression model and biological effects on pathogen infection. The open reading frame of On-NKL sequence spans 432 bp, codes for 143 amino acids and shares 27%-62% overall sequence identities with NK-lysin of other species. The deduced mature peptide of On-NKL possesses a saposin B domain and six well-conserved cysteine residues that essential for antimicrobial activity by forming three intrachain disulphide bonds. The results of qRT-PCR showed that On-NKL expression was observed in multiple tissues and head kidney leucocytes and nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCCs) and is most abundant in gills. After bacterial challenge, On-NKL expression significantly varied in different tissues and NCCs. Following bacterial infection, On-NKL-overexpressing fish featured significantly lower pathogen loads in tissues than control fish. On-NKL-overexpressing fish also exhibited 33.3% relative percent survival compare with control groups. Findings suggested that On-NKL could be the potential effector of NCCs and act as immune-related gene that enhances antimicrobial defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jinzhong Niu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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18
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Fu Q, Zeng Q, Li Y, Yang Y, Li C, Liu S, Zhou T, Li N, Yao J, Jiang C, Li D, Liu Z. The chemokinome superfamily in channel catfish: I. CXC subfamily and their involvement in disease defense and hypoxia responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:380-390. [PMID: 27919758 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally related chemotactic cytokines exerting significant roles in regulating cell migration and activation. They are defined by the presence of four conserved cysteine residues and are divided into four subfamilies depending on the arrangement of the first two conserved cysteines residues: CXC, CC, C and CX3C. In this study, a complete set of 17 CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL) genes was systematically identified and characterized from channel catfish genome through data mining of existing genomic resources. Phylogenetic analysis allowed annotation of the 17 CXC chemokines. Extensive comparative genomic analyses supported their annotations and orthologies, revealing the existence of fish-specific CXC chemokines and the expansion of CXC chemokines in the teleost genomes. The analysis of gene expression after bacterial infection indicated the CXC chemokines were expressed in a gene-specific manner. CXCL11.3 and CXCL20.3 were expressed significantly higher in resistant fish than in susceptible fish after ESC infection, while CXCL20.2 were expressed significantly higher in resistant fish than in susceptible fish after columnaris infection. The expression of those CXC chemokines, therefore can be a useful indicator of disease resistance. A similar pattern of expression was observed between resistant and susceptible fish with biotic and abiotic stresses, ESC, columnaris and hypoxia, suggesting that high levels of expression of the majority of CXC chemokines, with exception of CXC11 and CXC20, are detrimental to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Qifan Zeng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yun Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ning Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chen Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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19
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Tafalla C, Leal E, Yamaguchi T, Fischer U. T cell immunity in the teleost digestive tract. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 64:167-177. [PMID: 26905634 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Fish (along with cyclostomes) constitute the most ancient animal group in which an acquired immune system is present. As in higher vertebrates, both B and T lymphocytes cooperate in implementing an adequate response. Although there is still a debate on whether fish possess a true gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), the presence of diffuse B and T lymphocytes throughout all mucosal surfaces has been demonstrated in a wide variety of fish species. The lack of antibodies against T lymphocyte markers has hampered the performance of functional assays in both systemic and mucosal compartments. However, most components associated with T lymphocyte function have been identified in fish through extensive genomic research, suggesting similar functionalities for fish and mammalian T lymphocytes. Thus, the aim of this review is to briefly summarize what is known in teleost concerning the characteristics and functionalities of the different T cell subsets, to then focus on what is known to date regarding their presence and role in the gastrointestinal tract, through either direct functional assays or indirectly by conclusions drawn from transcriptomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Leal
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Takuya Yamaguchi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Uwe Fischer
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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20
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Expression, Purification and Antibacterial Activity of NK-Lysin Mature Peptides from the Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6090240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Zhou QJ, Wang J, Liu M, Qiao Y, Hong WS, Su YQ, Han KH, Ke QZ, Zheng WQ. Identification, expression and antibacterial activities of an antimicrobial peptide NK-lysin from a marine fish Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:195-202. [PMID: 27238427 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As fundamental immunologic mechanism, the innate immunity system is more important than the specific immunity system in teleost fishes during pathogens infection. Antimicrobial peptides are integral parts of the innate immune system, and play significant roles against pathogens infection. NK-lysin, the compounds of the natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells, are potent and effective antimicrobial peptides widely distributed in animals. In this study, we reported the sequence characteristics, expression profiles and antibacterial activities of a NK-lysin gene (Lc-NK-lysin) from a commercially important marine fish, the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The open reading frame of Lc-NK-lysin cDNA sequence was 447 bp in length, coding 148 amino acids. The genomic DNA of Lc-NK-lysin has the common features of NK-lysin family, consisting of five exons and four introns, and in its deduced mature peptide, there are six well-conserved cysteine residues and a Saposin B domain. Lc-NK-lysin was expressed in all tested tissues (skin, muscle, gill, brain, head kidney, heart, liver, spleen, stomach and intestine) with different expression patterns. In pathogens infection the expression profiles of Lc-NK-lysin varied significantly in gill, head kidney, spleen and liver, indicating its role in immune response. Two peptides (Lc-NK-lysin-1 and Lc-NK-lysin-2) divided from the core region of the Lc-NK-lysin mature polypeptide were chemically synthesized and their antibacterial activities were examined; the potential function on the inhibition of bacteria propagation was revealed. Our results suggested that Lc-NK-lysin is a typical member of the NK-lysin family and as an immune-related gene it involves in the immune response when pathogens invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Jia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wan-Shu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yong-Quan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Kun-Huang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Breeding of Larimichthys crocea, Ningde 352103, Fujian, China
| | - Qiao-Zhen Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Breeding of Larimichthys crocea, Ningde 352103, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Breeding of Larimichthys crocea, Ningde 352103, Fujian, China
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22
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Yacoub HA, Al-Maghrabi OA, Ahmed ES, Uversky VN. Abundance and functional roles of intrinsic disorder in the antimicrobial peptides of the NK-lysin family. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:836-856. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1164077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A. Yacoub
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, P.O. Box 12622, Gizza, Egypt
| | - Omar A. Al-Maghrabi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekram S. Ahmed
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, P.O. Box 12622, Gizza, Egypt
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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23
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Fu Q, Li Y, Yang Y, Li C, Yao J, Zeng Q, Qin Z, Liu S, Li D, Liu Z. Septin genes in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and their involvement in disease defense responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 49:110-121. [PMID: 26700173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of GTP-binding proteins. They are involved in diverse processes including cytokinesis, apoptosis, infection, neurodegeneration and neoplasia. In this study, through thorough data mining of existed channel catfish genomic resources, we identified a complete set of 15 septin genes. Septins were classified into four subgroups according to phylogenetic analysis. Extensive comparative genomic analysis, including domain and syntenic analysis, supported their annotation and orthologies. The expression patterns of septins in channel catfish were examined in healthy tissues and after infection with two major bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare. In healthy channel catfish, most septin genes were ubiquitously expressed and presented diversity patterns in various tissues, especially mucosal tissues, proposing the significant roles septin genes may play in maintaining homeostasis and host immune response activities. After bacterial infections, most septin genes were regulated, but opposite direction in expression profiles were found with the two bacterial pathogens: the differentially expressed septin genes were down-regulated in the intestine after E. ictaluri infection while generally up-regulated in the gill after F. columnare infection, suggesting a pathogen-specific and tissue-specific pattern of regulation. Taken together, these results suggested that septin genes may play complex and important roles in the host immune responses to bacterial pathogens in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yun Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Yujia Yang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Qifan Zeng
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Zhenkui Qin
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Daoji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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24
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Jiang C, Zhang J, Yao J, Liu S, Li Y, Song L, Li C, Wang X, Liu Z. Complement regulatory protein genes in channel catfish and their involvement in disease defense response. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 53:33-41. [PMID: 26111998 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Complement system is one of the most important defense systems of innate immunity, which plays a crucial role in disease defense responses in channel catfish. However, inappropriate and excessive complement activation could lead to potential damage to the host cells. Therefore the complement system is controlled by a set of complement regulatory proteins to allow normal defensive functions, but prevent hazardous complement activation to host tissues. In this study, we identified nine complement regulatory protein genes from the channel catfish genome. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses were conducted to determine their orthology relationships, supporting their correct annotation and potential functional inferences. The expression profiles of the complement regulatory protein genes were determined in channel catfish healthy tissues and after infection with the two main bacterial pathogens, Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium columnare. The vast majority of complement regulatory protein genes were significantly regulated after bacterial infections, but interestingly were generally up-regulated after E. ictaluri infection while mostly down-regulated after F. columnare infection, suggesting a pathogen-specific pattern of regulation. Collectively, these findings suggested that complement regulatory protein genes may play complex roles in the host immune responses to bacterial pathogens in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yun Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Lin Song
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Chao Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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25
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Pereiro P, Varela M, Diaz-Rosales P, Romero A, Dios S, Figueras A, Novoa B. Zebrafish Nk-lysins: First insights about their cellular and functional diversification. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 51:148-159. [PMID: 25813149 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nk-lysins are antimicrobial proteins produced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells with a broad antimicrobial spectrum (including bacteria, fungi and parasites). Nevertheless, the implication of these proteins in the protection against viral infections is still poorly understood. In this work, four different Nk-lysin genes (nkla, nklb, nklc and nkld) were identified in the zebrafish genome. That means that zebrafish is the species with the higher repertoire of Nk-lysin genes described so far. The differential expression pattern of the Nk-lysins in several tissues, during ontogeny, among the different kidney cell populations, as well as between Rag1(-/-) and Rag1(+/+) individuals, could suggest a certain specialization of different cell types in the production of different Nk-lysin. Moreover, only two of these genes (nkla and nkld) were significantly up-regulated after viral infection, and this observation could be also a consequence of a functional diversification of the zebrafish Nk-lysins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Pereiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| | - M Varela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| | - P Diaz-Rosales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| | - A Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| | - S Dios
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| | - A Figueras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| | - B Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), CSIC, Vigo, Spain.
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26
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Yao J, Mu W, Liu S, Zhang J, Wen H, Liu Z. Identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of suppressors of cytokine signaling in channel catfish. Mol Immunol 2015; 64:276-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Chaturvedi P, Dhanik M, Pande A. Characterization and structural analysis of hepcidin like antimicrobial peptide from Schizothorax richardsonii (Gray). Protein J 2014; 33:1-10. [PMID: 24293182 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-013-9530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune system is a primary line of defense in fish that protects it from the invading pathogens. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely distributed in nature and are essential components of innate immunity. These molecules enable the host's innate immune system to fight against a variety of infectious agents. One such AMP, hepcidin, is a cysteine rich amphipathic peptide. We have amplified, cloned and characterized hepcidin like AMP from Schizothorax richardsonii that inhabits one of the most difficult aquatic ecosystems in the Indian Himalayas. The cDNA encoding hepcidin like peptide was amplified as a 371 bp fragment with an open reading frame (ORF) of 279 nucleotides flanked by 5' and 3' UTRs of 70 and 22 bases respectively. This ORF encodes a peptide of 93 amino acids with a signal peptide of 24 amino acids and a mature peptide of 25 amino acids. The mature hepcidin like peptide of S. richardsonii has eight cystine residues that participate in the formation of four disulfide bonds, a unique feature of hepcidin like AMPs. A 3D model of hepcidin like mature peptide was generated using Modeller 9.10 which was validated using PROCHECK and ERRAT. Phylogenetic analysis of hepcidin like AMP from S. richardsonii revealed that it was closely related to hepcidin from olive barb (Puntius sarana).
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chaturvedi
- Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
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28
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Lee MO, Jang HJ, Han JY, Womack JE. Chicken NK-lysin is an alpha-helical cationic peptide that exerts its antibacterial activity through damage of bacterial cell membranes. Poult Sci 2014; 93:864-70. [PMID: 24706963 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are important elements of the first line of defense against pathogens in animals, and an important constituent of innate immunity. Antimicrobial peptides act on a broad spectrum of microbial organisms. NK-Lysin is a cationic antibacterial peptide that was originally isolated from porcine intestinal tissue based on its antibacterial activity. We synthesized peptides corresponding to each helical region of chicken NK-lysin and analyzed their secondary structures in addition to their antimicrobial activity. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of the synthetic chicken NK-lysin (cNK-78) and 4 small peptides in negatively charged liposomes demonstrated transition in the conformation of α-helical peptides relative to the charged environment. Chicken NK-lysin inhibits the growth of a representative gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity of 2 peptides designated H23 and H34 was similar to that of mature NK-lysin, cNK-78. Microscopic analyses revealed the death of bacterium with disrupted membranes after peptide treatment, suggesting that chicken NK-lysin, an alpha-helical cationic peptide, exerts its antimicrobial activity by damaging the bacterial cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ok Lee
- World Class University Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea 151-742
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Park D, Jung JW, Lee MO, Lee SY, Kim B, Jin HJ, Kim J, Ahn YJ, Lee KW, Song YS, Hong S, Womack JE, Kwon HW. Functional characterization of naturally occurring melittin peptide isoforms in two honey bee species, Apis mellifera and Apis cerana. Peptides 2014; 53:185-93. [PMID: 24512991 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Insect-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have diverse effects on antimicrobial properties and pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation and anticancer properties. Naturally occurring genetic polymorphism have a direct and/or indirect influence on pharmacological effect of AMPs, therefore information on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) occurring in natural AMPs provides an important clue to therapeutic applications. Here we identified nucleotide polymorphisms in melittin gene of honey bee populations, which is one of the potent AMP in bee venoms. We found that the novel SNP of melittin gene exists in these two honey bee species, Apis mellifera and Apis cerana. Nine polymorphisms were identified within the coding region of the melittin gene, of which one polymorphism that resulted in serine (Ser) to asparagine (Asp) substitution that can potentially effect on biological activities of melittin peptide. Serine-substituted melittin (Mel-S) showed more cytotoxic effect than asparagine-substituted melittin (Mel-N) against E. coli. Also, Mel-N and Mel-S had different inhibitory effects on the production of inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α in BV-2 cells. Moreover, Mel-S showed stronger cytotoxic activities than Mel-N peptide against two human ovarian cancer cell lines. Using carbon nanotube-based transistor, we here characterized that Mel-S interacted with small unilamellar liposomes more strongly than Mel-N. Taken together, our present study demonstrates that there exist different characteristics of the gene frequency and the biological activities of the melittin peptide in two honey bee species, Apis mellifera and A. cerana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doori Park
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Won Jung
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ok Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Si Young Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyun Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jun Jin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ahn
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Republic of Korea
| | - James E Womack
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Hyung Wook Kwon
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
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Yang G, Guo H, Li H, Shan S, Zhang X, Rombout JHWM, An L. Molecular characterization of LEAP-2 cDNA in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and the differential expression upon a Vibrio anguillarum stimulus; indications for a significant immune role in skin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 37:22-29. [PMID: 24418455 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
LEAP-2 is a cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) playing an important role in host innate immune system. LEAP-2 genes have been identified from higher vertebrates and several fish species. Here we report the cloning and identification of two LEAP-2 cDNA sequences from the liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The LEAP-2A cDNA was 1325 bp long and contained an ORF of 279 bp encoding a protein of 92 amino acids. The LEAP-2B cDNA was 608 bp long and contained an ORF of 276 bp encoding a protein of 91 amino acids. Both LEAP-2 proteins consisted of 41 amino acid residues and shared four cysteines at the conserved positions in the predicted mature peptides, highly similar to LEAP-2 of other species. Sequence alignment showed that LEAP-2 amino acid sequences were well conserved in different species, and the phylogenetic relation of LEAP-2 was coincident with evolution of biological species. Expression analysis data revealed that LEAP-2A and LEAP-2B mRNAs were expressed in a wide range of common carp tissues including liver, spleen, head kidney, skin, gills, hindgut and foregut. When injected intraperitoneally with Vibrio anguillarum, the expression level of common carp LEAP-2A was quickly up-regulated in liver, spleen, head kidney, skin, gills, foregut and hindgut, however, the expression level of LEAP-2B was similarly up-regulated in spleen, skin, gills and hindgut but not in liver, head kidney and foregut. Our results showed that the LEAP-2A had a markedly high constitutive expression in skin, and the LEAP-2A and the LEAP-2B had a significantly high up-regulated expression after stimulus in skin. This differential expression of LEAP-2 in common carp suggests that it may play a key role in immune responses against invading pathogens and both LEAP-2 molecules may be involved in mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, PR China; Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Jan H W M Rombout
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Liguo An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, PR China.
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Li H, Zhang F, Guo H, Zhu Y, Yuan J, Yang G, An L. Molecular characterization of hepcidin gene in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and its expression pattern responding to bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1030-8. [PMID: 23851290 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is a cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP), which plays an important role in host innate immune system and iron regulation. A great many of hepcidin genes have been identified from vertebrates, including various fish species. Here we report the cloning and identification of a hepcidin cDNA from the liver of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The full-length cDNA of the common carp hepcidin was 647 bp, which contained an ORF of 276 bp encoding a prepropeptide of 91 amino acid residues. The predicted preprohepcidin consisted of three domains: a signal peptide of 24 amino acids, a prodomain of 42 amino acids and a mature peptide of 25 amino acids, which containd eight cysteine residues at the identical conserved position. The genomic organization of common carp hepcidin was identified, which contained three exons and two introns, similarly to corresponding genes in mammals and other fish species. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that hepcidins were conserved in different species, and common carp hepcidin was type 1 hepcidin according to the phylogenetic tree, which had the highest identity with mud loach and zebrafish. Real-time PCR assay showed that the hepcidin gene was mostly expressed in liver, and expressed in all the other tested tissues of common carp in different levels. When challenged with pathogenic bacterium, Vibrio anguillarum, the expression level of common carp hepcidin was quickly up-regulated in liver, spleen, head kidney and hindgut, implying that hepcidin may be an important component of the innate immune system of common carp and involved in mucosal immune response against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, PR China
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Peatman E, Li C, Peterson BC, Straus DL, Farmer BD, Beck BH. Basal polarization of the mucosal compartment in Flavobacterium columnare susceptible and resistant channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Mol Immunol 2013; 56:317-27. [PMID: 23895942 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater bacterial pathogen, Flavobacterium columnare, infects a variety of ornamental and farmed fish species worldwide through mucosal attachment points on the gill and skin. While previous studies have demonstrated a chemotactic response of F. columnare to fish mucus, little is known about how host gill mucosal molecular and cellular constituents may impact rates of adhesion, tissue invasion, and ultimately, mortality. Here, we describe the use of RNA-seq to profile gill expression differences between channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) differing in their susceptibility to F. columnare both basally (before infection) and at three early timepoints post-infection (1 h, 2 h, and 8 h). After sequencing and de novo assembly of over 350 million 100 base-pair transcript reads, between group comparisons revealed 1714 unique genes differentially expressed greater than 1.5-fold at one or more timepoints. In the large dataset, we focused our analysis on basal differential expression between resistant and susceptible catfish as these genes could potentially reveal genetic and/or environmental factors linked with differential rates of infection. A number of critical innate immune components including iNOS2b, lysozyme C, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were constitutively higher in resistant catfish gill, while susceptible fish showed high expression levels of secreted mucin forms, a rhamnose-binding lectin previously linked to susceptibility, and mucosal immune factors such as CD103 and IL-17. Taken together, the immune and mucin profiles obtained by RNA-seq suggest a basal polarization in the gill mucosa, with susceptible fish possessing a putative mucosecretory, toleragenic phenotype which may predispose them to F. columnare infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peatman
- Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Wang R, Feng J, Li C, Liu S, Zhang Y, Liu Z. Four lysozymes (one c-type and three g-type) in catfish are drastically but differentially induced after bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:136-145. [PMID: 23639933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysozyme is an important component of the innate immune system. In this study, four lysozyme genes including one c-type lysozyme and three g-type lysozymes were identified from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). The lysozyme genes are highly conserved in their structural features as compared to those from other species. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted allowing annotation of these genes. Additional analyses using conserved syntenies allowed determination of orthologies for the c-type lysozyme. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the g-type lysozyme may have gone through species-specific gene duplications leading to multiple copies in some teleost species. Channel catfish possessed three copies of the g-type lysozyme genes. Expression analysis revealed that the catfish lysozyme genes were expressed in a broad range of tissues. The highest levels of expression were found in head kidney, liver, spleen, and trunk kidney, compatible with the immune functions of these tissues/organs. The c-type and g-type lysozymes were drastically induced after bacterial infection, but exhibited large differences in the extent of induction and the tissue with the highest level of induction, with the g-type lysozyme being most highly induced in the head kidney whereas the other three lysozymes being most highly induced in the liver, suggesting their cooperative actions in the immune responses but difference in their detailed functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijia Wang
- Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Santander J, Martin T, Loh A, Pohlenz C, Gatlin DM, Curtiss R. Mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial peptides of Edwardsiella ictaluri and its influence on fish gut inflammation and virulence. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2013; 159:1471-1486. [PMID: 23676433 PMCID: PMC4085987 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.066639-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Edwardsiella comprises a genetically distinct taxon related to other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. It consists of bacteria differing strongly in their biochemical and physiological features, natural habitats, and pathogenic properties. Intrinsic resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs) is a specific property of the genus Edwardsiella. In particular, Edwardsiella ictaluri, an important pathogen of the catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture and the causative agent of a fatal systemic infection, is highly resistant to CAMPs. E. ictaluri mechanisms of resistance to CAMPs are unknown. We hypothesized that E. ictaluri lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a role in both virulence and resistance to CAMPs. The putative genes related to LPS oligo-polysaccharide (O-PS) synthesis were in-frame deleted. Individual deletions of wibT, gne and ugd eliminated synthesis of the O-PS, causing auto-agglutination, rough colonies, biofilm-like formation and motility defects. Deletion of ugd, the gene that encodes the UDP-glucose dehydrogenase enzyme responsible for synthesis of UDP-glucuronic acid, causes sensitivity to CAMPs, indicating that UDP-glucuronic acid and its derivatives are related to CAMP intrinsic resistance. E. ictaluri OP-S mutants showed different levels of attenuation, colonization of lymphoid tissues and immune protection in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and catfish. Orally inoculated catfish with O-PS mutant strains presented different degrees of gut inflammation and colonization of lymphoid tissues. Here we conclude that intrinsic resistance to CAMPs is mediated by Ugd enzyme, which has a pleiotropic effect in E. ictaluri influencing LPS synthesis, motility, agglutination, fish gut inflammation and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Santander
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Taylor Martin
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Amanda Loh
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Camilo Pohlenz
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Delbert M. Gatlin
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Roy Curtiss
- Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Zhang M, Long H, Sun L. A NK-lysin from Cynoglossus semilaevis enhances antimicrobial defense against bacterial and viral pathogens. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 40:258-265. [PMID: 23524198 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysin is an effector protein of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Mammalian NK-lysin is known to possess antibacterial property and antitumor activity. Homologues of NK-lysin have been identified in several teleost species, but the natural function of fish NK-lysin remains essentially unknown. In this study, we identified a NK-lysin, CsNKL1, from half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) and analyzed its expression, genetic organization, and biological effect on pathogen infection. CsNKL1 is composed of 135 residues and shares 33.1-56.5% overall sequence identities with other teleost NK-lysin. CsNKL1 possesses a Saposin B domain and six conserved cysteine residues that in mammals are known to form three intrachain disulfide bonds essential to antimicrobial activity. The genomic sequence of the ORF region of CsNKL1 is 1240bp in length and, like human NK-lysin, contains five exons and four introns. Expression of CsNKL1 occurred in multiple tissues and was upregulated by bacterial and viral infection in a time dependent manner. When CsNKL1 was overexpressed in tongue sole, significant upregulation of interleukin-1 and chemokines was observed in spleen and head kidney. Following bacterial and viral infection, the pathogen loads in the tissues of CsNKL1-overexpressing fish were significantly lower than those in control fish. These results indicate that CsNKL1 possesses the novel capacities of immunomodulation and enhancing antimicrobial defense against pathogens of both bacterial and viral nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Xu J, Ji P, Wang B, Zhao L, Wang J, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Li J, Xu P, Sun X. Transcriptome sequencing and analysis of wild Amur Ide (Leuciscus waleckii) inhabiting an extreme alkaline-saline lake reveals insights into stress adaptation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59703. [PMID: 23573207 PMCID: PMC3613414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amur ide (Leuciscus waleckii) is an economically and ecologically important species in Northern Asia. The Dali Nor population inhabiting Dali Nor Lake, a typical saline-alkaline lake in Inner Mongolia, is well-known for its adaptation to extremely high alkalinity. Genome information is needed for conservation and aquaculture purposes, as well as to gain further understanding into the genetics of stress tolerance. The objective of the study is to sequence the transcriptome and obtain a well-assembled transcriptome of Amur ide. Results The transcriptome of Amur ide was sequenced using the Illumina platform and assembled into 53,632 cDNA contigs, with an average length of 647 bp and a N50 length of 1,094 bp. A total of 19,338 unique proteins were identified, and gene ontology and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses classified all contigs into functional categories. Open Reading Frames (ORFs) were detected from 34,888 (65.1%) of contigs with an average length of 577 bp, while 9,638 full-length cDNAs were identified. Comparative analyses revealed that 31,790 (59.3%) contigs have a significant similarity to zebrafish proteins, and 27,096 (50.5%), 27,524 (51.3%) and 27,996 (52.2%) to teraodon, medaka and three-spined stickleback proteins, respectively. A total of 10,395 microsatellites and 34,299 SNPs were identified and classified. A dN/dS analysis on unigenes was performed, which identified that 61 of the genes were under strong positive selection. Most of the genes are associated with stress adaptation and immunity, suggesting that the extreme alkaline-saline environment resulted in fast evolution of certain genes. Conclusions The transcriptome of Amur ide had been deeply sequenced, assembled and characterized, providing a valuable resource for a better understanding of the Amur ide genome. The transcriptome data will facilitate future functional studies on the Amur ide genome, as well as provide insight into potential mechanisms for adaptation to an extreme alkaline-saline environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peifeng Ji
- Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baosen Wang
- Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zixia Zhao
- Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiongtang Li
- Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PX); (XS)
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- Centre for Applied Aquatic Genomics, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PX); (XS)
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Zhu LY, Nie L, Zhu G, Xiang LX, Shao JZ. Advances in research of fish immune-relevant genes: a comparative overview of innate and adaptive immunity in teleosts. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 39:39-62. [PMID: 22504163 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fish is considered to be an important model in comparative immunology studies because it is a representative population of lower vertebrates serving as an essential link to early vertebrate evolution. Fish immune-relevant genes have received considerable attention due to its role in improving understanding of both fish immunology and the evolution of immune systems. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of teleost immune-relevant genes for both innate and adaptive immunity, including pattern recognition receptors, antimicrobial peptides, complement molecules, lectins, interferons and signaling factors, inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adaptive immunity relevant cytokines and negative regulators, major histocompatibility complexes, immunoglobulins, and costimulatory molecules. The implications of these factors on the evolutionary history of immune systems were discussed and a perspective outline of innate and adaptive immunity of teleost fish was described. This review may provide clues on the evolution of the essential defense system in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv-yun Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Catfish is one of the most important aquaculture species in America (as well as in Asia and Africa). In recent years, the production of catfish has suffered massive financial losses due to pathogen spread and breakouts. Innate immunity plays a crucial role in increasing resistance to pathogenic organisms and has generated increasing interest in the past few years. This review summarizes the current understanding of innate immune-related genes in catfish, including pattern recognition receptors, antimicrobial peptides, complements, lectins, cytokines, transferrin and gene expression profiling using microarrays and next generation sequencing technologies. This review will benefit the understanding of innate immune system in catfish and further efforts in studying the innate immune-related genes in fish.
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Class II, major histocompatibility complex, transactivator (CIITA) in channel catfish: identification and expression patterns responding to different pathogens. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:11041-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Effects of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the chicken NK-lysin gene on antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:12087-92. [PMID: 22783018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1209161109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NK-lysin is an effector protein of the innate immune system and an important component of host protection. We isolated a SNP in the NK-lysin coding sequence among different chicken breeds. This A to G substitution at the position 271 nucleotide in the ORF results in an Asn (N) to Asp (D) amino acid alteration. We synthesized two 30-aa peptides (N29N and N29D) to compare the biological activity of the helix 2-loop-helix 3 region of NK-lysin resulting from the polymorphic gene. Both peptides were found to be cytotoxic in bacteria and tumor cell cultures at micromolar concentrations. The N29N peptide, however, exhibited greater antibacterial and anticancer activity than the N29D peptide. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of the two peptides in negatively charged single unilamellar vesicles showed spectra typical of α-helical peptides. The helical profile of N29D was reduced substantially compared with that of N29N. However, no structural change was observed in neutral vesicles. ζ-Potential measurements of liposomes incubated with increasing peptide concentrations allowed surface charge neutralization with a negatively charged lipid, but not with a zwitterionic lipid. This result suggests that a difference in electrostatic interaction between lipid membranes and the helical peptides results from the polymorphic gene and is subsequently an important factor in cell lytic activity of variant NK-lysin peptides.
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Li M, Liu Y, Wang QL, Chen SL, Sha ZX. BIRC7 gene in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): identification and expression analysis in response to Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae and Channel catfish Hemorrhage Reovirus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:146-153. [PMID: 22510211 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A family member of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) termed baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 7 (BIRC7) from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) was identified, the full length cDNA sequence of channel catfish BIRC7 (CcBIRC7) was 1686 bp, containing a 5'UTR of 93 bp, a 3'UTR of 399 bp with a poly (A) tail and an ORF of 1194 bp encoding a putative protein of 398 amino acids. The putative CcBIRC7 protein contains two BIR super-family conservative domains and a C-terminal RING finger motif. Phylogenetic analysis showed that catfish CcBIRC7 was moderately conserved with other BIRC7. Quantitative real-time PCR was conducted to examine the expression profiles of CcBIRC7 in healthy tissues and responding to different pathogens (Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus iniae and Channel catfish Hemorrhage Reovirus (CCRV)). CcBIRC7 was widely expressed in healthy tissues of channel catfish and with the highest 37.28-fold expression in blood. E. tarda and S. iniae could induce CcBIRC7 gene expression drastically in head kidney, liver and spleen, which the peak value reached 31.6-fold, 613.9-fold and 34.4-fold increase by E. tarda infection, and 248.3-fold, 1540.3-fold and 120.4-fold increase post S. iniae challenge, respectively. While, CCRV virus could slightly induce CcBIRC7 expression in head kidney and liver but reduce it in spleen. The result suggested BIRC7 may play a potential role in channel catfish innate immune system against bacterial and virus infections, especially as the anti-bacteria immune gene. This is the first report of BIRC7 gene identification and its expression in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Characterization of common carp transcriptome: sequencing, de novo assembly, annotation and comparative genomics. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35152. [PMID: 22514716 PMCID: PMC3325976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most important aquaculture species of Cyprinidae with an annual global production of 3.4 million tons, accounting for nearly 14% of the freshwater aquaculture production in the world. Due to the economical and ecological importance of common carp, genomic data are eagerly needed for genetic improvement purpose. However, there is still no sufficient transcriptome data available. The objective of the project is to sequence transcriptome deeply and provide well-assembled transcriptome sequences to common carp research community. RESULT Transcriptome sequencing of common carp was performed using Roche 454 platform. A total of 1,418,591 clean ESTs were collected and assembled into 36,811 cDNA contigs, with average length of 888 bp and N50 length of 1,002 bp. Annotation was performed and a total of 19,165 unique proteins were identified from assembled contigs. Gene ontology and KEGG analysis were performed and classified all contigs into functional categories for understanding gene functions and regulation pathways. Open Reading Frames (ORFs) were detected from 29,869 (81.1%) contigs with an average ORF length of 763 bp. From these contigs, 9,625 full-length cDNAs were identified with sequence length from 201 bp to 9,956 bp. Comparative analysis revealed that 27,693(75.2%) contigs have significant similarity to zebrafish Refseq proteins, and 24,371(66.2%), 24,501(66.5%) and 25,025(70.0%) to teraodon, medaka and three-spined stickleback refseq proteins. A total of 2,064 microsatellites were initially identified from 1,730 contigs, and 1,639 unique sequences had sufficient flanking sequences on both sides for primer design. CONCLUSION The transcriptome of common carp had been deep sequenced, de novo assembled and characterized, providing the valuable resource for better understanding of common carp genome. The transcriptome data will facilitate future functional studies on common carp genome, and gradually apply in breeding programs of common carp, as well as closely related other Cyprinids.
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Pridgeon JW, Mu X, Klesius PH. Expression profiles of seven channel catfish antimicrobial peptides in response to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2012; 35:227-237. [PMID: 22324346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), the relative transcriptional levels of seven channel catfish antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes (NK-lysin type 1, NK-lysin type 2, NK-lysin type 3, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, cathepsin D, hepcidin and liver-expressed AMP 2) in response to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection were determined. None of the AMP genes tested was significantly upregulated at 2 h post-infection. Hepcidin was the only one that was significantly (P<0.05) upregulated at 4, 6 and 12 h post-infection. At 24 and 48 h post-infection, four AMPs (hepcidin, NK-lysin type 1, NK-lysin type 3 and cathepsin D) were significantly (P<0.05) upregulated. Among all the AMPs that were significantly upregulated at different time points, hepcidin at 4, 6 and 12 h post-infection was upregulated the most. When catfish were injected with different doses of E. ictaluri, all lethal doses were able to induce significant (P <0.05) upregulation of hepcidin in the posterior kidney, whereas sublethal doses failed to induce any significant upregulation of hepcidin. In vitro growth studies revealed that the presence of synthetic hepcidin peptide at a concentration of 16 μm or higher significantly inhibited the cell proliferation of E. ictaluri. Taken together, our results suggest that hepcidin might play an important role in the channel catfish defence against E. ictaluri infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Pridgeon
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Auburn, AL 36832, USA.
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Mu X, Pridgeon JW, Klesius PH. Transcriptional profiles of multiple genes in the anterior kidney of channel catfish vaccinated with an attenuated Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:1162-1172. [PMID: 22019831 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A total of 22 uniquely expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified from channel catfish anterior kidney subtractive cDNA library at 12 h post vaccination with an attenuated Aeromonas hydrophila (AL09-71 N+R). Of the 22 ESTs, six were confirmed to be significantly (P < 0.05) induced by the vaccination. Of 88 channel catfish genes selected from literature, 14 were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated by the vaccination. The transcriptional levels of the total 20 genes induced by the vaccination were then compared to that induced by the virulent parent A. hydrophila (AL09-71) at different time points. At 3 h post vaccination (hpv) or infection (hpi), Na(+)/K(+) ATPase α subunit was upregulated the most. At 6 and 12 hpv or hpi, hepcidin and interleukin-1β were induced the highest. At 24 hpv or hpi, hepcidin was upregulated the most, followed by lysozyme c. At 48 hpi, lysozyme c and hepcidin were significantly induced. When vaccinated fish were challenged by AL09-71, relative percent of survival of vaccinated fish were 100% at 14 days post vaccination (dpv). Transcriptional levels of toll-like receptor 5 and hepcidin were significantly upregulated in vaccinated fish at 14 dpv. Taken together, our results suggest that vaccination with attenuated A. hydrophila mimics infection by live bacteria, inducing multiple immune genes in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjiang Mu
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 990 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
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Bruhn O, Grötzinger J, Cascorbi I, Jung S. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins of the horse--insights into a well-armed organism. Vet Res 2011; 42:98. [PMID: 21888650 PMCID: PMC3179947 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides play a pivotal role as key effectors of the innate immune system in plants and animals and act as endogenous antibiotics. The molecules exhibit an antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, and eukaryotic pathogens with different specificities and potencies depending on the structure and amino-acid composition of the peptides. Several antimicrobial peptides were comprehensively investigated in the last three decades and some molecules with remarkable antimicrobial properties have reached the third phase of clinical studies. Next to the peptides themselves, numerous organisms were examined and analyzed regarding their repertoire of antimicrobial peptides revealing a huge number of candidates with potencies and properties for future medical applications. One of these organisms is the horse, which possesses numerous peptides that are interesting candidates for therapeutical applications in veterinary medicine. Here we summarize investigations and knowledge on equine antimicrobial peptides, point to interesting candidates, and discuss prospects for therapeutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bruhn
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Hospitalstraße 4, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Brandenburg K, Andrä J, Garidel P, Gutsmann T. Peptide-based treatment of sepsis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 90:799-808. [PMID: 21369803 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis (blood poisoning) is a severe infectious disease with high mortality, and no effective therapy is actually known. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria, endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) are known to be responsible for the strong inflammation reaction leading to the systemic infection. Peptides based on endotoxin-binding domains of human or animal proteins represent a promising approach in sepsis research. Although so far no medicament is available, the progress in recent years might lead to a breakthrough in this field. In this review, recent investigations are summarised, which may lead to an understanding of the mechanisms of action of peptides to suppress the inflammation reaction in vitro and in vivo (animal models) and thus may allow the development of effective anti-septic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Brandenburg
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin and Biowissenschaften, Parkallee 10, 23845 Borstel, Germany.
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Rajanbabu V, Chen JY. Applications of antimicrobial peptides from fish and perspectives for the future. Peptides 2011; 32:415-20. [PMID: 21093512 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fish are a major component of the aquatic fauna. Like other organisms, fish secrete different kinds of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are positively charged short amino-acid-chain molecules involved in host defense mechanisms. Environmental hazards and the greenhouse effect have led to increased evolution of drug- and vaccine-resistant pathogenic strains, and it is necessary to find new drugs with structural uniqueness to fight them. Aquatic sources contain thousands of fish species, and each secretes AMPs with structural differences which can be used by the pharmaceutical industry in its search for novel drugs to treat drug-resistant pathogens. Not only limited to antimicrobial functions, AMPs possess other desirable characteristics which may be exploited in the near future. In this review, we list fish AMPs available from published reports, and discuss application-oriented functions of these AMPs. Notably, the possibilities of using fish AMPs as antimicrobial agents, vaccine adjuvants, inactivated vaccines, and antitumor agents are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Rajanbabu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan
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Liu Z. Development of genomic resources in support of sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the catfish genome. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2010; 6:11-7. [PMID: 20430707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Major progress has been made in catfish genomics including construction of high-density genetic linkage maps, BAC-based physical maps, and integration of genetic linkage and physical maps. Large numbers of ESTs have been generated from both channel catfish and blue catfish. Microarray platforms have been developed for the analysis of genome expression. Genome repeat structures are studied, laying grounds for whole genome sequencing. USDA recently approved funding of the whole genome sequencing project of catfish using the next generation sequencing technologies. Generation of the whole genome sequence is a historical landmark of catfish research as it opens the real first step of the long march toward genetic enhancement. The research community needs to be focused on aquaculture performance and production traits, take advantage of the unprecedented genome information and technology, and make real progress toward genetic improvements of aquaculture brood stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjiang Liu
- Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA.
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Sha Z, Abernathy JW, Wang S, Li P, Kucuktas H, Liu H, Peatman E, Liu Z. NOD-like subfamily of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family receptors and their expression in channel catfish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:991-999. [PMID: 19414032 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The NLRs (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing family receptors) are a recently identified family of pattern recognition receptors in vertebrates. Several subfamilies of NLRs have been characterized in human, mouse, and zebrafish, but studies of NLRs in other species, especially teleost species, have been lacking. Here we report characterization of five NLRs from channel catfish: NOD1, NOD2, NLRC3, NLRC5, and NLRX1. Structural analysis indicated that the genes were organized in a similar fashion as in the mammals and in zebrafish. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that they were orthologous to the NOD-like subfamily of NLRs. All five NOD-like genes exist as a single copy gene in the catfish genome. Hybridization of gene-specific probes allowed mapping of three NLR genes to the catfish physical map, laying a foundation for genome characterization and for establishing orthologies with NLR genes from other species. These genes are widely expressed in various tissues and leukocyte cell lines. While the majority of the NLR genes appeared to be constitutively expressed, NOD1 was induced after infection with a bacterial pathogen, Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish (ESC), suggesting its involvement in immunity against the intracellular pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxia Sha
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
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Endsley JJ, Torres AG, Gonzales CM, Kosykh VG, Motin VL, Peterson JW, Estes DM, Klimpel GR. Comparative antimicrobial activity of granulysin against bacterial biothreat agents. Open Microbiol J 2009; 3:92-6. [PMID: 19587798 PMCID: PMC2705080 DOI: 10.2174/1874285800903010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulysin is a cationic protein produced by human T cells and natural killer cells that can kill bacterial pathogens through disruption of microbial membrane integrity. Herein we demonstrate antimicrobial activity of the granulysin peptide derived from the active site against Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, and Burkholderia mallei, and show pathogen-specific differences in granulysin peptide effects. The susceptibility of Y. pestis to granulysin is temperature dependent, being less susceptible when grown at the flea arthropod vector temperature (26°C) than when grown at human body temperature. These studies suggest that augmentation of granulysin expression by cytotoxic lymphocytes, or therapeutic application of granulysin peptides, could constitute important strategies for protection against select agent bacterial pathogens. Investigations of the microbial surface molecules that determine susceptibility to granulysin may identify important mechanisms that contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice J Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0436, USA.
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