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Bretou M, Sannerud R, Escamilla-Ayala A, Leroy T, Vrancx C, Van Acker ZP, Perdok A, Vermeire W, Vorsters I, Van Keymolen S, Maxson M, Pavie B, Wierda K, Eskelinen EL, Annaert W. Accumulation of APP C-terminal fragments causes endolysosomal dysfunction through the dysregulation of late endosome to lysosome-ER contact sites. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1571-1592.e9. [PMID: 38626765 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal endosomal and lysosomal abnormalities are among the early changes observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) before plaques appear. However, it is unclear whether distinct endolysosomal defects are temporally organized and how altered γ-secretase function or amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism contribute to these changes. Inhibiting γ-secretase chronically, in mouse embryonic fibroblast and hippocampal neurons, led to a gradual endolysosomal collapse initiated by decreased lysosomal calcium and increased cholesterol, causing downstream defects in endosomal recycling and maturation. This endolysosomal demise is γ-secretase dependent, requires membrane-tethered APP cytoplasmic domains, and is rescued by APP depletion. APP C-terminal fragments (CTFs) localized to late endosome/lysosome-endoplasmic reticulum contacts; an excess of APP-CTFs herein reduced lysosomal Ca2+ refilling from the endoplasmic reticulum, promoting cholesterol accretion. Tonic regulation by APP-CTFs provides a mechanistic explanation for their cellular toxicity: failure to timely degrade APP-CTFs sustains downstream signaling, instigating lysosomal dyshomeostasis, as observed in prodromal AD. This is the opposite of substrates such as Notch, which require intramembrane proteolysis to initiate signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Bretou
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ragna Sannerud
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tom Leroy
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Céline Vrancx
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zoë P Van Acker
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anika Perdok
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wendy Vermeire
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Vorsters
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Keymolen
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michelle Maxson
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benjamin Pavie
- VIB-BioImaging Core, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- Electrophysiology Expertise Unit, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Wim Annaert
- Laboratory for Membrane Trafficking, VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Kurdi H, Lavalle L, Moon JCC, Hughes D. Inflammation in Fabry disease: stages, molecular pathways, and therapeutic implications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1420067. [PMID: 38932991 PMCID: PMC11199868 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1420067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease, a multisystem X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the alpha-galactosidase gene. This leads to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3), culminating in various clinical signs and symptoms that significantly impact quality of life. Although treatments such as enzyme replacement, oral chaperone, and emerging therapies like gene therapy exist; delayed diagnosis often curtails their effectiveness. Our review highlights the importance of delineating the stages of inflammation in Fabry disease to enhance the timing and efficacy of diagnosis and interventions, particularly before the progression to fibrosis, where treatment options are less effective. Inflammation is emerging as an important aspect of the pathogenesis of Fabry disease. This is thought to be predominantly mediated by the innate immune response, with growing evidence pointing towards the potential involvement of adaptive immune mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Highlighted by the fact that Fabry disease shares immune profiles with systemic autoinflammatory diseases, blurring the distinctions between these disorders and highlighting the need for a nuanced understanding of immune dynamics. This insight is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving the administration of current treatments like enzyme replacement. Moreover, our review discusses the complex interplay between these inflammatory processes and current treatments, such as the challenges posed by anti-drug antibodies. These antibodies can attenuate the effectiveness of therapies, necessitating more refined approaches to mitigate their impact. By advancing our understanding of the molecular changes, inflammatory mediators and causative factors that drive inflammation in Fabry disease, we aim to clarify their role in the disease's progression. This improved understanding will help us see how these processes fit into the current landscape of Fabry disease. Additionally, it will guide the development of more effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, ultimately improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hibba Kurdi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Imaging Department, Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Lavalle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, The Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James C. C. Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Imaging Department, Barts Heart Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derralynn Hughes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, The Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Ferraro S, Dave A, Cereda C, Verduci E, Marcovina S, Zuccotti G. Space research to explore novel biochemical insights on Earth. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 558:119673. [PMID: 38621588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Travel to space has overcome unprecedent technological challenges and this has resulted in transfer of these technological results on Earth to better our lives. Health technology, medical devices, and research advancements in human biology are the first beneficiaries of this transfer. The real breakthrough came with the International Space Station, which endorsed multidisciplinary international scientific collaborations and boosted the research on pathophysiological adaptation of astronauts to life on space. These studies evidenced that life in space appeared to have exposed the astronauts to an accelerated aging-related pathophysiological dysregulation across multiple systems. In this review we emphasize the interaction between several biomarkers and their alteration in concentrations/expression/function by space stress factors. These altered interactions, suggest that different biochemical and hormonal factors, and cell signals, contribute to a complex network of pathophysiological mechanisms, orchestrating the homeostatic dysregulation of various organs/metabolic pathways. The main effects of space travel on altering cell organelles biology, ultrastructure, and cross-talk, have been observed in cell aging as well as in the disruption of metabolic pathways, which are also the causal factor of rare inherited metabolic disorders, one of the major pediatric health issue. The pathophysiologic breakthrough from space research could allow the development of precision health both on Earth and Space by promoting the validation of improved biomarker-based risk scores and the exploration of new pathophysiologic hypotheses and therapeutic targets. Nonstandard abbreviations: International Space Station (ISS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), European Space Agency (ESA), National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA), Low Earth Orbit (LEO), high sensitive troponin (hs-cTn), high sensitive troponin I (hs-cTn I), high sensitive troponin T, Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), N terminal Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-BNP), cardiovascular disease (CVD), parathyroid hormone (PTH), urinary hydroxyproline (uHP), urinary C- and N-terminal telopeptides (uCTX and uNTX), pyridinoline (PYD), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), half-time (HF), serum Bone Alkaline Phosphatase (sBSAP), serum Alkaline Phosphatase (sAP), Carboxy-terminal Propeptide of Type 1 Procollagen (P1CP), serum Osteocalcin (sOC)), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), Growth Hormone (GH), amino acid (AA), β-hydroxy-β methyl butyrate (HMB), maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Ferraro
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Anilkumar Dave
- Space Economy and Open Innovation, Darwix srl, Venice, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy; Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Shatalina E, Whitehurst TS, Onwordi EC, Gilbert BJ, Rizzo G, Whittington A, Mansur A, Tsukada H, Marques TR, Natesan S, Rabiner EA, Wall MB, Howes OD. Mitochondrial complex I density is associated with IQ and cognition in cognitively healthy adults: an in vivo [ 18F]BCPP-EF PET study. EJNMMI Res 2024; 14:41. [PMID: 38632153 PMCID: PMC11024075 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-024-01099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial function plays a key role in regulating neurotransmission and may contribute to general intelligence. Mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) is the largest enzyme of the respiratory chain. Recently, it has become possible to measure MC-I distribution in vivo, using a novel positron emission tomography tracer [18F]BCPP-EF, thus, we set out to investigate the association between MC-I distribution and measures of cognitive function in the living healthy brain. RESULTS Analyses were performed in a voxel-wise manner and identified significant associations between [18F]BCPP-EF DVRCS-1 in the precentral gyrus and parietal lobes and WAIS-IV predicted IQ, WAIS-IV arithmetic and WAIS-IV symbol-digit substitution scores (voxel-wise Pearson's correlation coefficients transformed to Z-scores, thresholded at Z = 2.3 family-wise cluster correction at p < 0.05, n = 16). Arithmetic scores were associated with middle frontal and post-central gyri tracer uptake, symbol-digit substitution scores were associated with precentral gyrus tracer uptake. RAVLT recognition scores were associated with [18F]BCPP-EF DVRCS-1 in the middle frontal gyrus, post-central gyrus, occipital and parietal regions (n = 20). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings support the theory that mitochondrial function may contribute to general intelligence and indicate that interindividual differences in MC-I should be a key consideration for research into mitochondrial dysfunction in conditions with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shatalina
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK.
| | - Thomas S Whitehurst
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ellis Chika Onwordi
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry and Mental Health, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sridhar Natesan
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
- Invicro, London, UK
| | - Matthew B Wall
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Invicro, London, UK
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), Kings College London, London, UK
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Weissman D, Dudek J, Sequeira V, Maack C. Fabry Disease: Cardiac Implications and Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2024; 21:81-100. [PMID: 38289538 PMCID: PMC10923975 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-024-00645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review explores the interplay among metabolic dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in Fabry disease, focusing on their potential implications for cardiac involvement. We aim to discuss the biochemical processes that operate in parallel to sphingolipid accumulation and contribute to disease pathogenesis, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive understanding of these processes. RECENT FINDINGS Beyond sphingolipid accumulation, emerging studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation could be significant contributors to Fabry disease and cardiac involvement. These factors promote cardiac remodeling and fibrosis and may predispose Fabry patients to conduction disturbances, ventricular arrhythmias, and heart failure. While current treatments, such as enzyme replacement therapy and pharmacological chaperones, address disease progression and symptoms, their effectiveness is limited. Our review uncovers the potential relationships among metabolic disturbances, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in Fabry disease-related cardiac complications. Current findings suggest that beyond sphingolipid accumulation, other mechanisms may significantly contribute to disease pathogenesis. This prompts the exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies and underscores the importance of a holistic approach to understanding and managing Fabry disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weissman
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Dudek
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Maack
- Department of Translational Research, Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus A15, 97078, Würzburg, Germany.
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6
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Huang W, Zhou R, Jiang C, Wang J, Zhou Y, Xu X, Wang T, Li A, Zhang Y. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in Pompe disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13573. [PMID: 37916452 PMCID: PMC10984102 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pompe disease (PD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that presents with progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the detailed mechanism remains clarified. Herein, PD patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells were differentiated into cardiomyocytes (PD-iCMs) that exhibited cardiomyopathic features of PD, including decreased acid alpha-glucosidase activity, lysosomal glycogen accumulation and hypertrophy. The defective mitochondria were involved in the cardiac pathology as shown by the significantly decreased number of mitochondria and impaired respiratory function and ATP production in PD-iCMs, which was partially due to elevated levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species produced from depolarized mitochondria. Further analysis showed that impaired fusion and autophagy of mitochondria and declined expression of mitochondrial complexes underlies the mechanism of dysfunctional mitochondria. This was alleviated by supplementation with recombinant human acid alpha-glucosidase that improved the mitochondrial function and concomitantly mitigated the cardiac pathology. Therefore, this study suggests that defective mitochondria underlie the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Huang
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and DiseasesShaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and DiseasesShaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Congshan Jiang
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and DiseasesShaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jie Wang
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and DiseasesShaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yafei Zhou
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and DiseasesShaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of CardiologyXi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of CardiologyXi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Anmao Li
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and DiseasesShaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- National Regional Children's Medical Center (Northwest), Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine to Pediatric Diseases of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Children's Health and DiseasesShaanxi Institute for Pediatric Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
- Department of CardiologyXi'an Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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Shi F, Gao YS, Han SM, Huang CS, Hou QS, Wen XW, Wang BS, Zhu ZY, Zou L. Allulose mitigates chronic enteritis by reducing mitochondria dysfunction via regulating cathepsin B production. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111645. [PMID: 38354512 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic changes have been linked to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes colitis. Allulose, an endogenous bioactive monosaccharide, is vital to the synthesis of numerous compounds and metabolic processes within living organisms. Nevertheless, the precise biochemical mechanism by which allulose inhibits colitis remains unknown. Allulose is an essential and intrinsic protector of the intestinal mucosal barrier, as it maintains the integrity of tight junctions in the intestines, according to the current research. It is also important to know that there is a link between the severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), chemically-induced colitis in rodents, and lower levels of allulose in the blood. Mice with colitis, either caused by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) or naturally occurring colitis in IL-10-/- mice, had less damage to their intestinal mucosa after being given allulose. Giving allulose to a colitis model starts a chain of reactions because it stops cathepsin B from ejecting and helps lysosomes stick together. This system effectively stops the activity of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) when intestinal epithelial damage happens. This stops the breakdown of tight junction integrity and the start of mitochondrial dysfunction. To summarise, the study's findings have presented data that supports the advantageous impact of allulose in reducing the advancement of colitis. Its ability to stop the disruption of the intestinal barrier enables this. Therefore, allulose has potential as a medicinal supplement for treating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Shi
- Department of Abdominal Radiotherapy, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province 250117, China
| | - Shu-Mei Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Cheng-Suo Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Qing-Sheng Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Ben-Shi Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China
| | - Lei Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250117, China.
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Anjum F, Kaushik K, Salam A, Yadav A, Nandi CK. Super-Resolution Microscopy Unveils Synergistic Structural Changes of Organelles Upon Point Mutation. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300399. [PMID: 38053236 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), is a widely used chemical mutagen that causes high-frequency germline null mutation by inserting an alkyl group into the nucleotide guanine in eukaryotic cells. The effect of EMS on the dynamics of the aneuploid genome, increased cellular instability, and carcinogenicity in relation to benign and malignant tumors are reported, but the molecular level understanding of morphological changes of higher-order chromatin structure has poorly been understood. This is due to a lack of sufficient resolution in conventional microscopic techniques to see small structures below the diffraction limit. Here, using super-resolution radial fluctuation, a largely fragmented, decompaction, and less dense heterochromatin structure upon EMS treatment to HEK 293A cells without any change in nuclear DNA domains is observed. This result suggests an early stage of carcinogenicity happened due to the point mutation. In addition, the distinct structural changes with an elongated morphology of lysosomes are also observed. On the other hand, fragmented and increased heterogeneous populations with an increased cytoplasmic occupancy of mitochondria are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Anjum
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Kush Kaushik
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Abdul Salam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Aditya Yadav
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
| | - Chayan Kanti Nandi
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, 175005, India
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Delgado CA, Poletto E, Vera LNP, Jacques CED, Vianna P, Reinhardt LS, Baldo G, Vargas CR. Effect of genistein and coenzyme Q10 in oxidative damage and mitochondrial membrane potential in an attenuated type II mucopolysaccharidosis cellular model. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3932. [PMID: 38332678 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is an inborn error of the metabolism resulting from several possible mutations in the gene coding for iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), which leads to a great clinical heterogeneity presented by these patients. Many studies demonstrate the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of inborn errors of metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress can be related since most of reactive oxygen species come from mitochondria. Cellular models have been used to study different diseases and are useful in biochemical research to investigate them in a new promising way. The aim of this study is to develop a heterozygous cellular model for MPS II and analyze parameters of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and investigate the in vitro effect of genistein and coenzyme Q10 on these parameters for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. The HP18 cells (heterozygous c.261_266del6/c.259_261del3) showed almost null results in the activity of the IDS enzyme and presented accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), allowing the characterization of this knockout cellular model by MPS II gene editing. An increase in the production of reactive species was demonstrated (p < .05 compared with WT vehicle group) and genistein at concentrations of 25 and 50 µm decreased in vitro its production (p < .05 compared with HP18 vehicle group), but there was no effect of coenzyme Q10 in this parameter. There was a tendency for lysosomal pH change in HP18 cells in comparison to WT group and none of the antioxidants tested demonstrated any effect on this parameter. There was no increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase and oxidative damage to DNA in HP18 cells in comparison to WT group and neither genistein nor coenzyme q10 had any effect on these parameters. Regarding mitochondrial membrane potential, genistein induced mitochondrial depolarization in both concentrations tested (p < .05 compared with HP18 vehicle group and compared with WT vehicle group) and incubation with coenzyme Q10 demonstrated no effect on this parameter. In conclusion, it is hypothesized that our cellular model could be compared with a milder MPS II phenotype, given that the accumulation of GAGs in lysosomes is not as expressive as another cellular model for MPS II presented in the literature. Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that there is no mitochondrial depolarization and no DNA damage, since there is less lysosomal impairment, as well as less redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Aguilar Delgado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edina Poletto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luisa Natalia Pimentel Vera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Vianna
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Baldo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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10
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Giamogante F, Barazzuol L, Maiorca F, Poggio E, Esposito A, Masato A, Napolitano G, Vagnoni A, Calì T, Brini M. A SPLICS reporter reveals [Formula: see text]-synuclein regulation of lysosome-mitochondria contacts which affects TFEB nuclear translocation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1516. [PMID: 38374070 PMCID: PMC10876553 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial and lysosomal activities are crucial to maintain cellular homeostasis: optimal coordination is achieved at their membrane contact sites where distinct protein machineries regulate organelle network dynamics, ions and metabolites exchange. Here we describe a genetically encoded SPLICS reporter for short- and long- juxtapositions between mitochondria and lysosomes. We report the existence of narrow and wide lysosome-mitochondria contacts differently modulated by mitophagy, autophagy and genetic manipulation of tethering factors. The overexpression of α-synuclein (α-syn) reduces the apposition of mitochondria/lysosomes membranes and affects their privileged Ca2+ transfer, impinging on TFEB nuclear translocation. We observe enhanced TFEB nuclear translocation in α-syn-overexpressing cells. We propose that α-syn, by interfering with mitochondria/lysosomes tethering impacts on local Ca2+ regulated pathways, among which TFEB mediated signaling, and in turn mitochondrial and lysosomal function. Defects in mitochondria and lysosome represent a common hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases: targeting their communication could open therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Giamogante
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Barazzuol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Elena Poggio
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Esposito
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Masato
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- UK-Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gennaro Napolitano
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
- Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tito Calì
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marisa Brini
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Study Center for Neurodegeneration (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences (DSF), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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11
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Khan R, Ji W, Guzman-Rivera J, Madhvi A, Andrews T, Richlin B, Suarez C, Gaur S, Cuddy W, Singh AR, Bukulmez H, Kaelber D, Kimura Y, Ganapathi U, Michailidis IE, Ukey R, Moroso-Fela S, Kuster JK, Casseus M, Roy J, Kleinman LC, Horton DB, Lakhani SA, Gennaro ML. A genetically modulated Toll-like-receptor-tolerant phenotype in peripheral blood cells of children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.02.24301686. [PMID: 38370700 PMCID: PMC10871447 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.24301686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated innate immune responses contribute to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), characterized by gastrointestinal, mucocutaneous, and/or cardiovascular injury occurring weeks after SARS-CoV-2 exposure. To investigate innate immune functions in MIS-C, we stimulated ex vivo peripheral blood cells from MIS-C patients with agonists of Toll-like receptors (TLR), key innate immune response initiators. We found severely dampened cytokine responses and elevated gene expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling. Increased plasma levels of zonulin, a gut leakage marker, were also detected. These effects were also observed in children enrolled months after MIS-C recovery. Moreover, cells from MIS-C children carrying rare genetic variants of lysosomal trafficking regulator (LYST) were less refractory to TLR stimulation and exhibited lysosomal and mitochondrial abnormalities with altered energy metabolism. Our results strongly suggest that MIS-C hyperinflammation and/or excessive or prolonged stimulation with gut-originated TLR ligands drive immune cells to a lasting refractory state. TLR hyporesponsiveness is likely beneficial, as suggested by excess lymphopenia among rare LYST variant carriers. Our findings point to cellular mechanisms underlying TLR hyporesponsiveness; identify genetic determinants that may explain the MIS-C clinical spectrum; suggest potential associations between innate refractory states and long COVID; and highlight the need to monitor long-term consequences of MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Khan
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Weizhen Ji
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Jeisac Guzman-Rivera
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Abhilasha Madhvi
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Tracy Andrews
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Benjamin Richlin
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Christian Suarez
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center, and Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Sunanda Gaur
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Center, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | | | - Aalok R Singh
- Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Valhalla, NY
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY
| | - Hulya Bukulmez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland OH
| | - David Kaelber
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, MetroHealth System, Cleveland OH
- Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, MetroHealth System, Cleveland OH
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland OH
| | - Yukiko Kimura
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ
| | - Usha Ganapathi
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Ioannis E Michailidis
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Rahul Ukey
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
| | - Sandra Moroso-Fela
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - John K Kuster
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Myriam Casseus
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jason Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Lawrence C Kleinman
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Department of Global Urban Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Daniel B Horton
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
- Rutgers Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Saquib A Lakhani
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ
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12
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Nguyen HT, Wiederkehr A, Wollheim CB, Park KS. Regulation of autophagy by perilysosomal calcium: a new player in β-cell lipotoxicity. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:273-288. [PMID: 38297165 PMCID: PMC10907728 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential quality control mechanism for maintaining organellar functions in eukaryotic cells. Defective autophagy in pancreatic beta cells has been shown to be involved in the progression of diabetes through impaired insulin secretion under glucolipotoxic stress. The underlying mechanism reveals the pathologic role of the hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which inhibits lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic processes. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress induces Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytosolic Ca2+ overload, which may contribute to mTOR activation in perilysosomal microdomains, leading to autophagic defects and β-cell failure due to lipotoxicity. This review delineates the antagonistic regulation of autophagic flux by mTOR and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) at the lysosomal membrane, and both of these molecules could be activated by perilysosomal calcium signaling. However, aberrant and persistent Ca2+ elevation upon lipotoxic stress increases mTOR activity and suppresses autophagy. Therefore, normalization of autophagy is an attractive therapeutic strategy for patients with β-cell failure and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thu Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | | | - Claes B Wollheim
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Kyu-Sang Park
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
- Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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13
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Dehghan S, Kheshtchin N, Hassannezhad S, Soleimani M. Cell death classification: A new insight based on molecular mechanisms. Exp Cell Res 2023; 433:113860. [PMID: 38013091 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells tend to disintegrate themselves or are forced to undergo such destructive processes in critical circumstances. This complex cellular function necessitates various mechanisms and molecular pathways in order to be executed. The very nature of cell death is essentially important and vital for maintaining homeostasis, thus any type of disturbing occurrence might lead to different sorts of diseases and dysfunctions. Cell death has various modalities and yet, every now and then, a new type of this elegant procedure gets to be discovered. The diversity of cell death compels the need for a universal organizing system in order to facilitate further studies, therapeutic strategies and the invention of new methods of research. Considering all that, we attempted to review most of the known cell death mechanisms and sort them all into one arranging system that operates under a simple but subtle decision-making (If \ Else) order as a sorting algorithm, in which it decides to place and sort an input data (a type of cell death) into its proper set, then a subset and finally a group of cell death. By proposing this algorithm, the authors hope it may solve the problems regarding newer and/or undiscovered types of cell death and facilitate research and therapeutic applications of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepehr Dehghan
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Kheshtchin
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Soleimani
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Elsaid HOA, Rivedal M, Skandalou E, Svarstad E, Tøndel C, Birkeland E, Eikrem Ø, Babickova J, Marti HP, Furriol J. Proteomic analysis unveils Gb3-independent alterations and mitochondrial dysfunction in a gla -/- zebrafish model of Fabry disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:591. [PMID: 37670295 PMCID: PMC10478213 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabry disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene, resulting in reduced or lack of α-galactosidase A activity. This results in the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) and other glycosphingolipids in lysosomes causing cellular impairment and organ failures. While current therapies focus on reversing Gb3 accumulation, they do not address the altered cellular signaling in FD. Therefore, this study aims to explore Gb3-independent mechanisms of kidney damage in Fabry disease and identify potential biomarkers. METHODS To investigate these mechanisms, we utilized a zebrafish (ZF) gla-/- mutant (MU) model. ZF naturally lack A4GALT gene and, therefore, cannot synthesize Gb3. We obtained kidney samples from both wild-type (WT) (n = 8) and MU (n = 8) ZF and conducted proteome profiling using untargeted mass spectrometry. Additionally, we examined mitochondria morphology and cristae morphology using electron microscopy. To assess oxidative stress, we measured total antioxidant activity. Finally, immunohistochemistry was conducted on kidney samples to validate specific proteins. RESULTS Our proteomics analysis of renal tissues from zebrafish revealed downregulation of lysosome and mitochondrial-related proteins in gla-/- MU renal tissues, while energy-related pathways including carbon, glycolysis, and galactose metabolisms were disturbed. Moreover, we observed abnormal mitochondrial shape, disrupted cristae morphology, altered mitochondrial volume and lower antioxidant activity in gla-/- MU ZF. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the alterations observed at the proteome and mitochondrial level closely resemble well-known GLA mutation-related alterations in humans. Importantly, they also unveil novel Gb3-independent pathogenic mechanisms in Fabry disease. Understanding these mechanisms could potentially lead to the development of innovative drug screening approaches. Furthermore, the findings pave the way for identifying new clinical targets, offering new avenues for therapeutic interventions in Fabry disease. The zebrafish gla-/- mutant model proves valuable in elucidating these mechanisms and may contribute significantly to advancing our knowledge of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Osman Alhassan Elsaid
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mariell Rivedal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Eleni Skandalou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Einar Svarstad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Camilla Tøndel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Birkeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øystein Eikrem
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janka Babickova
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jessica Furriol
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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15
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Gómez-Cebrián N, Gras-Colomer E, Poveda Andrés JL, Pineda-Lucena A, Puchades-Carrasco L. Omics-Based Approaches for the Characterization of Pompe Disease Metabolic Phenotypes. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1159. [PMID: 37759559 PMCID: PMC10525434 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) constitute a large group of rare, multisystemic, inherited disorders of metabolism, characterized by defects in lysosomal enzymes, accessory proteins, membrane transporters or trafficking proteins. Pompe disease (PD) is produced by mutations in the acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) lysosomal enzyme. This enzymatic deficiency leads to the aberrant accumulation of glycogen in the lysosome. The onset of symptoms, including a variety of neurological and multiple-organ pathologies, can range from birth to adulthood, and disease severity can vary between individuals. Although very significant advances related to the development of new treatments, and also to the improvement of newborn screening programs and tools for a more accurate diagnosis and follow-up of patients, have occurred over recent years, there exists an unmet need for further understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of the disease. Also, the reason why currently available treatments lose effectiveness over time in some patients is not completely understood. In this scenario, characterization of the metabolic phenotype is a valuable approach to gain insights into the global impact of lysosomal dysfunction, and its potential correlation with clinical progression and response to therapies. These approaches represent a discovery tool for investigating disease-induced modifications in the complete metabolic profile, including large numbers of metabolites that are simultaneously analyzed, enabling the identification of novel potential biomarkers associated with these conditions. This review aims to highlight the most relevant findings of recently published omics-based studies with a particular focus on describing the clinical potential of the specific metabolic phenotypes associated to different subgroups of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Gómez-Cebrián
- Drug Discovery Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Gras-Colomer
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Manises of Valencia, 46940 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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16
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Sahasrabudhe SA, Terluk MR, Kartha RV. N-acetylcysteine Pharmacology and Applications in Rare Diseases-Repurposing an Old Antioxidant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1316. [PMID: 37507857 PMCID: PMC10376274 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of cysteine and, thereby, glutathione (GSH), acts as an antioxidant through a variety of mechanisms, including oxidant scavenging, GSH replenishment, antioxidant signaling, etc. Owing to the variety of proposed targets, NAC has a long history of use as a prescription product and in wide-ranging applications that are off-label as an over-the-counter (OTC) product. Despite its discovery in the early 1960s and its development for various indications, systematic clinical pharmacology explorations of NAC pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamic targets, drug interactions, and dose-ranging are sorely limited. Although there are anecdotal instances of NAC benefits in a variety of diseases, a comprehensive review of the use of NAC in rare diseases does not exist. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing literature focused on NAC explorations in rare diseases targeting mitochondrial dysfunction along with the history of NAC usage, approved indications, mechanisms of action, safety, and PK characterization. Further, we introduce the research currently underway on other structural derivatives of NAC and acknowledge the continuum of efforts through pre-clinical and clinical research to facilitate further therapeutic development of NAC or its derivatives for rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhee A Sahasrabudhe
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 4-214, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St. SE, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marcia R Terluk
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 4-214, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St. SE, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Reena V Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 4-214, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St. SE, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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17
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Biochemical Mechanisms beyond Glycosphingolipid Accumulation in Fabry Disease: Might They Provide Additional Therapeutic Treatments? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12052063. [PMID: 36902850 PMCID: PMC10004377 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12052063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is a rare X-linked disease characterized by deficient expression and activity of alpha-galactosidase A (α-GalA) with consequent lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipid in various organs. Currently, enzyme replacement therapy is the cornerstone of the treatment of all Fabry patients, although in the long-term it fails to completely halt the disease's progression. This suggests on one hand that the adverse outcomes cannot be justified only by the lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipids and on the other that additional therapies targeted at specific secondary mechanisms might contribute to halt the progression of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and renal disease that occur in Fabry patients. Several studies reported how secondary biochemical processes beyond Gb3 and lyso-Gb3 accumulation-such as oxidative stress, compromised energy metabolism, altered membrane lipid, disturbed cellular trafficking, and impaired autophagy-might exacerbate Fabry disease adverse outcomes. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of these pathogenetic intracellular mechanisms in Fabry disease, which might suggest novel additional strategies for its treatment.
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18
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Kinton S, Dufault MR, Zhang M, George K. Transcriptomic characterization of clinical skeletal muscle biopsy from late-onset Pompe patients. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 138:107526. [PMID: 36774918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pompe disease is a rare lysosomal storage disorder arising from recessive mutations in the acid α-glucosidase gene and resulting in the accumulation of glycogen, particularly in the cardiac and skeletal muscle. The current standard of care is administration of enzyme replacement therapy in the form of alglucosidase alfa or the recently approved avalglucosidase alfa. In order to better understand the underlying cellular processes that are disrupted in Pompe disease, we conducted gene expression analysis on skeletal muscle biopsies obtained from late-onset Pompe disease patients (LOPD) prior to treatment and following six months of enzyme replacement with avalglucosidase alfa. The LOPD patients had a distinct transcriptomic signature as compared to control patient samples, largely characterized by perturbations in pathways involved in lysosomal function and energy metabolism. Although patients were highly heterogeneous, they collectively exhibited a strong trend towards attenuation of the dysregulated genes following just six months of treatment. Notably, the enzyme replacement therapy had a strong stabilizing effect on gene expression, with minimal worsening in genes that were initially dysregulated. Many of the cellular process that were altered in LOPD patients were also affected in the more clinically severe infantile-onset (IOPD) patients. Additionally, both LOPD and IOPD patients demonstrated enrichment across several inflammatory pathways, despite a lack of overt immune cell infiltration. This study provides further insight into Pompe disease biology and demonstrates the positive effects of avalglucosidase alfa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Kinton
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, United States of America.
| | - Michael R Dufault
- Precision Medicine & Computational Biology, Sanofi, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Mindy Zhang
- Precision Medicine & Computational Biology, Sanofi, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Kelly George
- Rare and Neurologic Disease Research, Sanofi, 350 Water Street, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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19
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Pathogenic Roles of Heparan Sulfate and Its Use as a Biomarker in Mucopolysaccharidoses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911724. [PMID: 36233030 PMCID: PMC9570396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential glycosaminoglycan (GAG) as a component of proteoglycans, which are present on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. HS-containing proteoglycans not only function as structural constituents of the basal lamina but also play versatile roles in various physiological processes, including cell signaling and organ development. Thus, inherited mutations of genes associated with the biosynthesis or degradation of HS can cause various diseases, particularly those involving the bones and central nervous system (CNS). Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders involving GAG accumulation throughout the body caused by a deficiency of GAG-degrading enzymes. GAGs are stored differently in different types of MPSs. Particularly, HS deposition is observed in patients with MPS types I, II, III, and VII, all which involve progressive neuropathy with multiple CNS system symptoms. While therapies are available for certain symptoms in some types of MPSs, significant unmet medical needs remain, such as neurocognitive impairment. This review presents recent knowledge on the pathophysiological roles of HS focusing on the pathogenesis of MPSs. We also discuss the possible use and significance of HS as a biomarker for disease severity and therapeutic response in MPSs.
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20
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Scerra G, De Pasquale V, Scarcella M, Caporaso MG, Pavone LM, D'Agostino M. Lysosomal positioning diseases: beyond substrate storage. Open Biol 2022; 12:220155. [PMID: 36285443 PMCID: PMC9597170 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) comprise a group of inherited monogenic disorders characterized by lysosomal dysfunctions due to undegraded substrate accumulation. They are caused by a deficiency in specific lysosomal hydrolases involved in cellular catabolism, or non-enzymatic proteins essential for normal lysosomal functions. In LSDs, the lack of degradation of the accumulated substrate and its lysosomal storage impairs lysosome functions resulting in the perturbation of cellular homeostasis and, in turn, the damage of multiple organ systems. A substantial number of studies on the pathogenesis of LSDs has highlighted how the accumulation of lysosomal substrates is only the first event of a cascade of processes including the accumulation of secondary metabolites and the impairment of cellular trafficking, cell signalling, autophagic flux, mitochondria functionality and calcium homeostasis, that significantly contribute to the onset and progression of these diseases. Emerging studies on lysosomal biology have described the fundamental roles of these organelles in a variety of physiological functions and pathological conditions beyond their canonical activity in cellular waste clearance. Here, we discuss recent advances in the knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms linking lysosomal positioning and trafficking to LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Scerra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Melania Scarcella
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Caporaso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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21
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Rajan DS, Escolar ML. Evolving therapies in neuronopathic LSDs: opportunities and challenges. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2245-2256. [PMID: 35442005 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00939-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are multisystemic progressive disorders caused by genetic mutations involving lysosomal function. While LSDs are individually considered rare diseases, the overall true prevalence of these disorders is likely higher than our current estimates. More than two third of the LSDs have associated neurodegeneration and the neurological phenotype often defines the course of the disease and treatment outcomes. Addressing the neurological involvement in LSDs has posed a significant challenge in the rapidly evolving field of therapies for these diseases. In this review, we summarize current approaches and clinical trials available for patients with neuronopathic lysosomal storage disorders, exploring the opportunities and challenges that have emerged with each of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Rajan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria L Escolar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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22
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Secondary Mitochondrial Dysfunction as a Cause of Neurodegenerative Dysfunction in Lysosomal Storage Diseases and an Overview of Potential Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810573. [PMID: 36142486 PMCID: PMC9503973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been recognised a major contributory factor to the pathophysiology of a number of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs is as yet uncertain, but appears to be triggered by a number of different factors, although oxidative stress and impaired mitophagy appear to be common inhibitory mechanisms shared amongst this group of disorders, including Gaucher’s disease, Niemann–Pick disease, type C, and mucopolysaccharidosis. Many LSDs resulting from defects in lysosomal hydrolase activity show neurodegeneration, which remains challenging to treat. Currently available curative therapies are not sufficient to meet patients’ needs. In view of the documented evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in the neurodegeneration of LSDs, along with the reciprocal interaction between the mitochondrion and the lysosome, novel therapeutic strategies that target the impairment in both of these organelles could be considered in the clinical management of the long-term neurodegenerative complications of these diseases. The purpose of this review is to outline the putative mechanisms that may be responsible for the reported mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs and to discuss the new potential therapeutic developments.
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23
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Mannose ameliorates experimental colitis by protecting intestinal barrier integrity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4804. [PMID: 35974017 PMCID: PMC9381535 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite alteration has been associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including colitis. Mannose, a natural bioactive monosaccharide that is involved in metabolism and synthesis of glycoproteins, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. We show here that the circulating level of mannose is increased in patients with IBD and mice with experimental colitis. Mannose treatment attenuates intestinal barrier damage in two mouse colitis models, dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and spontaneous colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. We demonstrate that mannose treatment enhanced lysosomal integrity and limited the release of cathepsin B, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-induced tight junction disruption in the context of intestinal epithelial damage. Mannose exerts a synergistic therapeutic effect with mesalamine on mouse colitis. Cumulatively, the results indicate that mannose supplementation may be an optional approach to the treatment of colitis and other diseases associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction.
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24
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Zou Y, Pei J, Wang Y, Chen Q, Sun M, Kang L, Zhang X, Zhang L, Gao X, Lin Z. The Deficiency of SCARB2/LIMP-2 Impairs Metabolism via Disrupted mTORC1-Dependent Mitochondrial OXPHOS. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158634. [PMID: 35955761 PMCID: PMC9368982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2) is related to both Gaucher disease (GD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), which are both neurodegenerative-related diseases without cure. Although both diseases lead to weight loss, which affects the quality of life and the progress of diseases, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that Scarb2−/− mice showed significantly reduced lipid storage in white fat tissues (WAT) compared to WT mice on a regular chow diet. However, the phenotype is independent of heat production, activity, food intake or energy absorption. Furthermore, adipocyte differentiation and cholesterol homeostasis were unaffected. We found that the impaired lipid accumulation of Adiponectin-cre; Scarb2fl/fl mice was due to the imbalance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mechanistically, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)/ eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) pathway was down-regulated in Scarb2 deficient adipocytes, leading to impaired mitochondrial respiration and enhanced glycolysis. Altogether, we reveal the role of SCARB2 in metabolism regulation besides the nervous system, which provides a theoretical basis for weight loss treatment of patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Jingwen Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Yushu Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200240, China;
| | - Minli Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Lulu Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Xuyuan Zhang
- The Center of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liguo Zhang
- The Center of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; (X.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Pukou Area, Nanjing 210061, China; (Y.Z.); (J.P.); (Y.W.); (M.S.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (Z.L.)
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25
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Yang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Ye Q, Li X, Meng L, Long J, Zhang S, Zhang L. Organelle Interaction and Drug Discovery: Towards Correlative Nanoscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:935898. [PMID: 35795548 PMCID: PMC9251060 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.935898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inter-organelle interactions, including the cytomembrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, lysosome, dictyosome, and nucleus, play the important roles in maintaining the normal function and homeostasis of cells. Organelle dysfunction can lead to a range of diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and cancer), and provide a new perspective for drug discovery. With the development of imaging techniques and functional fluorescent probes, a variety of algorithms and strategies have been developed for the ever-improving estimation of subcellular structures, organelle interaction, and organelle-related drug discovery with accounting for the dynamic structures of organelles, such as the nanoscopy technology and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Accordingly, this work summarizes a series of state-of-the-art examples of the recent progress in this rapidly changing field and uncovering the drug screening based on the structures and interactions of organelles. Finally, we propose the future outlook for exciting applications of organelle-related drug discovery, with the cooperation of nanoscopy and MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiwei Yang, ; Lei Zhang,
| | - Zichen Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yizhen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiushi Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xuhua Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiwei Yang, ; Lei Zhang,
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26
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Martelli F, Hernandes NH, Zuo Z, Wang J, Wong CO, Karagas NE, Roessner U, Rupasinghe T, Robin C, Venkatachalam K, Perry T, Batterham P, Bellen HJ. Low doses of the organic insecticide spinosad trigger lysosomal defects, elevated ROS, lipid dysregulation, and neurodegeneration in flies. eLife 2022; 11:73812. [PMID: 35191376 PMCID: PMC8863376 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale insecticide application is a primary weapon in the control of insect pests in agriculture. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that it is contributing to the global decline in population sizes of many beneficial insect species. Spinosad emerged as an organic alternative to synthetic insecticides and is considered less harmful to beneficial insects, yet its mode of action remains unclear. Using Drosophila, we show that low doses of spinosad antagonize its neuronal target, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 6 (nAChRα6), reducing the cholinergic response. We show that the nAChRα6 receptors are transported to lysosomes that become enlarged and increase in number upon low doses of spinosad treatment. Lysosomal dysfunction is associated with mitochondrial stress and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the central nervous system where nAChRα6 is broadly expressed. ROS disturb lipid storage in metabolic tissues in an nAChRα6-dependent manner. Spinosad toxicity is ameliorated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide. Chronic exposure of adult virgin females to low doses of spinosad leads to mitochondrial defects, severe neurodegeneration, and blindness. These deleterious effects of low-dose exposures warrant rigorous investigation of its impacts on beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martelli
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Julia Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Ching-On Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, United States
| | - Nicholas E Karagas
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, United States
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thusita Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charles Robin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kartik Venkatachalam
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, United States
| | - Trent Perry
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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27
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Tianji L, Dingbang H, Xiao C, Xiaojing M, Fei Z, Bin W. Methylmercury induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization through JNK-activated Bax lysosomal translocation in neuronal cells. Toxicol Lett 2022; 357:73-83. [PMID: 34999165 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
MeHg, an environmental toxicant, is highly toxic to the central nervous system. Recent studies have reported that LMP is an important way in the lysosomal damage. However, the role and molecular mechanism of LMP in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity remain unknown. To study MeHg-induced LMP, we used 10μM MeHg to treat SH-SY5Y cells and 2μM MeHg to treat rat cerebral cortical neurons. Acridine orange (AO) staining and analysis of cathepsin B (CTSB) release were used to determine LMP. We found that MeHg reduced red AO fluorescence and induced CTSB release from lysosomes to the cytoplasm in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, pretreatment with the CTSB inhibitor alleviated cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. These results indicate MeHg induces LMP and subsequent CTSB-dependent cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Bax is a pore-forming protein, which is involved in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Intriguingly, we demonstrated that MeHg induced Bax to translocate to lysosomes by using immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions. Furthermore, downregulating Bax expression suppressed MeHg-induced LMP. Bax subcellular localization is regulated by protein interaction with the cytoplasmic 14-3-3. Our previous study demonstrated that JNK participated in neurotoxicity through regulating protein interaction. In the current study, we showed that JNK dissociated Bax-14-3-3 complex to facilitate Bax lysosomal translocation. Finally, inhibition of the JNK/Bax pathway could alleviate MeHg-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. The present study implies that inhibiting lysosomal damage (LMP)-related signaling might alleviate MeHg neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tianji
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Huang Dingbang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Meng Xiaojing
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zou Fei
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Wang Bin
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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28
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Constitutive activation of the PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway sustains the m.3243 A > G mtDNA mutation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6409. [PMID: 34737295 PMCID: PMC8568893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26746-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) cause a range of profoundly debilitating clinical conditions for which treatment options are very limited. Most mtDNA diseases show heteroplasmy – tissues express both wild-type and mutant mtDNA. While the level of heteroplasmy broadly correlates with disease severity, the relationships between specific mtDNA mutations, heteroplasmy, disease phenotype and severity are poorly understood. We have carried out extensive bioenergetic, metabolomic and RNAseq studies on heteroplasmic patient-derived cells carrying the most prevalent disease related mtDNA mutation, the m.3243 A > G. These studies reveal that the mutation promotes changes in metabolites which are associated with the upregulation of the PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 axis in patient-derived cells and tissues. Remarkably, pharmacological inhibition of PI3K, Akt, or mTORC1 reduced mtDNA mutant load and partially rescued cellular bioenergetic function. The PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 axis thus represents a potential therapeutic target that may benefit people suffering from the consequences of the m.3243 A > G mutation. Heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations cause disease in humans. Here, Chung et al find the PI3K-Akt-mTORC1 pathway constitutively activated in cells with the heteroplasmic m.3243 A > G mutation, and inhibition of the pathway cell autonomously reduces mutant mtDNA load and rescues mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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29
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Targetable Pathways for Alleviating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neurodegeneration of Metabolic and Non-Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111444. [PMID: 34768878 PMCID: PMC8583882 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative and inherited metabolic diseases frequently compromise nervous system function, and mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated as key events leading to neurodegeneration. Mitochondria are essential for neuronal function; however, these organelles are major sources of endogenous reactive oxygen species and are vulnerable targets for oxidative stress-induced damage. The brain is very susceptible to oxidative damage due to its high metabolic demand and low antioxidant defence systems, therefore minimal imbalances in the redox state can result in an oxidative environment that favours tissue damage and activates neuroinflammatory processes. Mitochondrial-associated molecular pathways are often compromised in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration, including the parkin/PINK1, Nrf2, PGC1α, and PPARγ pathways. Impairments to these signalling pathways consequently effect the removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, which has been suggested as contributing to the development of neurodegeneration. Mitochondrial dysfunction prevention has become an attractive therapeutic target, and there are several molecular pathways that can be pharmacologically targeted to remove damaged mitochondria by inducing mitochondrial biogenesis or mitophagy, as well as increasing the antioxidant capacity of the brain, in order to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and prevent the development and progression of neurodegeneration in these disorders. Compounds such as natural polyphenolic compounds, bioactive quinones, and Nrf2 activators have been reported in the literature as novel therapeutic candidates capable of targeting defective mitochondrial pathways in order to improve mitochondrial function and reduce the severity of neurodegeneration in these disorders.
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30
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Chen A, Kristiansen CK, Hong Y, Kianian A, Fang EF, Sullivan GJ, Wang J, Li X, Bindoff LA, Liang KX. Nicotinamide Riboside and Metformin Ameliorate Mitophagy Defect in Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Astrocytes With POLG Mutations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737304. [PMID: 34631714 PMCID: PMC8497894 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy specifically recognizes and removes damaged or superfluous mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis and proper neuronal function. Defective mitophagy and the resulting accumulation of damaged mitochondria occur in several neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, we showed mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes with POLG mutations, and here, we examined how POLG mutations affect mitophagy in astrocytes and how this can be ameliorated pharmacologically. Using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes carrying POLG mutations, we found downregulation of mitophagy/autophagy-related genes using RNA sequencing-based KEGG metabolic pathway analysis. We confirmed a deficit in mitochondrial autophagosome formation under exogenous stress conditions and downregulation of the mitophagy receptor p62, reduced lipidation of LC3B-II, and decreased expression of lysosome protein lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A (LAMP2A). These changes were regulated by the PINK1/Parkin pathway and AKT/mTOR/AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathways. Importantly, we found that double treatment with nicotinamide riboside (NR) and metformin rescued mitophagy defects and mitochondrial dysfunction in POLG-mutant astrocytes. Our findings reveal that impaired mitophagy is involved in the observed mitochondrial dysfunction caused by POLG mutations in astrocytes, potentially contributing to the phenotype in POLG-related diseases. This study also demonstrates the therapeutic potential of NR and metformin in these incurable mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cecilie Katrin Kristiansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Atefeh Kianian
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gareth John Sullivan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub - Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan, China
| | - Laurence A Bindoff
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristina Xiao Liang
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Neuro-SysMed, Center of Excellence for Clinical Research in Neurological Diseases, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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31
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Sevin C, Deiva K. Clinical Trials for Gene Therapy in Lysosomal Diseases With CNS Involvement. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:624988. [PMID: 34604300 PMCID: PMC8481654 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.624988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There are over 70 known lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs), most caused by mutations in genes encoding lysosomal hydrolases. Central nervous system involvement is a hallmark of the majority of LSDs and, if present, generally determines the prognosis of the disease. Nonetheless, brain disease is currently poorly targeted by available therapies, including systemic enzyme replacement therapy, mostly (but not only) due to the presence of the blood–brain barrier that restricts the access of orally or parenterally administered large molecules into the brain. Thus, one of the greatest and most exciting challenges over coming years will be to succeed in developing effective therapies for the treatment of central nervous system manifestations in LSDs. Over recent years, gene therapy (GT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for a variety of inherited neurodegenerative diseases. In LSDs, the ability of genetically corrected cells to cross-correct adjacent lysosomal enzyme-deficient cells in the brain after gene transfer might enhance the diffusion of the recombinant enzyme, making this group of diseases a strong candidate for such an approach. Both in vivo (using the administration of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors) and ex vivo (auto-transplantation of lentiviral vector-modified hematopoietic stem cells-HSCs) strategies are feasible. Promising results have been obtained in an ever-increasing number of preclinical studies in rodents and large animal models of LSDs, and these give great hope of GT successfully correcting neurological defects, once translated to clinical practice. We are now at the stage of treating patients, and various clinical trials are underway, to assess the safety and efficacy of in vivo and ex vivo GT in several neuropathic LSDs. In this review, we summarize different approaches being developed and review the current clinical trials related to neuropathic LSDs, their results (if any), and their limitations. We will also discuss the pitfalls and the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Sevin
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Kumaran Deiva
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Shen H, Li J, Heisler-Taylor T, Makin R, Yang H, Mavlyutov TA, Gelfand B, Cebulla CM, Guo LW. TMEM97 ablation aggravates oxidant-induced retinal degeneration. Cell Signal 2021; 86:110078. [PMID: 34245862 PMCID: PMC8869839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is critical to the survival of the overlying photoreceptors. Subject to light exposure and active metabolism, the RPE and photoreceptors are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage that plays an important part in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Recent meta-analyses identified TMEM97 as a new putative AMD risk locus, though it is yet to be functionally verified. The role of TMEM97 in the retina and RPE is not known. Here we investigated TMEM97 function using the sodium iodate model of oxidant-induced retinal degeneration in TMEM97 knockout (KO) mice. We found markedly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of photoreceptos in TMEM97 KO mouse retinas relative to wild type (WT) controls. In vitro, sodium iodate treatment of CRISPR-mediated TMEM97 KO RPE cells resulted in diminished abundance of the master antioxidant transcription factor NRF2 and its target gene product SOD2, the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, as well as elevated ROS and apoptosis markers. Moreover, TMEM97 KO affected proteins key to mitochondrial and lysosomal stability and impeded autophagy flux. These findings suggest that the absence of TMEM97 in RPE cells disturbs redox-balancing systems, thereby heightening oxidative stress. As TMEM97 is a druggable target, this study may inspire interest in basic and translational research in the context of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Shen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Tyler Heisler-Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA
| | - Ryan Makin
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Timur A Mavlyutov
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Bradley Gelfand
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Colleen M Cebulla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Kim GHJ, Mo H, Liu H, Wu Z, Chen S, Zheng J, Zhao X, Nucum D, Shortland J, Peng L, Elepano M, Tang B, Olson S, Paras N, Li H, Renslo AR, Arkin MR, Huang B, Lu B, Sirota M, Guo S. A zebrafish screen reveals Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors as neuroprotective via mitochondrial restoration in dopamine neurons. eLife 2021; 10:69795. [PMID: 34550070 PMCID: PMC8457844 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder without effective disease-modifying therapeutics. Here, we establish a chemogenetic dopamine (DA) neuron ablation model in larval zebrafish with mitochondrial dysfunction and robustness suitable for high-content screening. We use this system to conduct an in vivo DA neuron imaging-based chemical screen and identify the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) inhibitors as significantly neuroprotective. Knockdown of the angiotensin receptor 1 (agtr1) in DA neurons reveals a cell-autonomous mechanism of neuroprotection. DA neuron-specific RNA-seq identifies mitochondrial pathway gene expression that is significantly restored by RAAS inhibitor treatment. The neuroprotective effect of RAAS inhibitors is further observed in a zebrafish Gaucher disease model and Drosophila pink1-deficient PD model. Finally, examination of clinical data reveals a significant effect of RAAS inhibitors in delaying PD progression. Our findings reveal the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of targeting the RAAS pathway for neuroprotection and demonstrate a salient approach that bridges basic science to translational medicine. Parkinson’s disease is caused by the slow death and deterioration of brain cells, in particular of the neurons that produce a chemical messenger known as dopamine. Certain drugs can mitigate the resulting drop in dopamine levels and help to manage symptoms, but they cause dangerous side-effects. There is no treatment that can slow down or halt the progress of the condition, which affects 0.3% of the population globally. Many factors, both genetic and environmental, contribute to the emergence of Parkinson’s disease. For example, dysfunction of the mitochondria, the internal structures that power up cells, is a known mechanism associated with the death of dopamine-producing neurons. Zebrafish are tiny fish which can be used to study Parkinson’s disease, as they are easy to manipulate in the lab and share many characteristics with humans. In particular, they can be helpful to test the effects of various potential drugs on the condition. Here, Kim et al. established a new zebrafish model in which dopamine-producing brain cells die due to their mitochondria not working properly; they then used this assay to assess the impact of 1,403 different chemicals on the integrity of these cells. A group of molecules called renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) inhibitors was shown to protect dopamine-producing neurons and stopped them from dying as often. These are already used to treat high blood pressure as they help to dilate blood vessels. In the brain, however, RAAS worked by restoring certain mitochondrial processes. Kim et al. then investigated whether these results are relevant in other, broader contexts. They were able to show that RAAS inhibitors have the same effect in other animals, and that Parkinson’s disease often progresses more slowly in patients that already take these drugs for high blood pressure. Taken together, these findings therefore suggest that RAAS inhibitors may be useful to treat Parkinson’s disease, as well as other brain illnesses that emerge because of mitochondria not working properly. Clinical studies and new ways to improve these drugs are needed to further investigate and capitalize on these potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gha-Hyun J Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in BiologicalSciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Han Mo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in BiologicalSciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Harrison Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Graduate Program of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Zhihao Wu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Steven Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jiashun Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in BiologicalSciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Daryl Nucum
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in BiologicalSciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - James Shortland
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in BiologicalSciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Longping Peng
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in BiologicalSciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mannuel Elepano
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (IND), UCSF Weill Institute forNeurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Benjamin Tang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (IND), UCSF Weill Institute forNeurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Steven Olson
- Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (IND), UCSF Weill Institute forNeurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Nick Paras
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (IND), UCSF Weill Institute forNeurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Adam R Renslo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Michelle R Arkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Graduate Program of Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States
| | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Programs in BiologicalSciences and Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States.,Graduate Program of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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Root J, Merino P, Nuckols A, Johnson M, Kukar T. Lysosome dysfunction as a cause of neurodegenerative diseases: Lessons from frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105360. [PMID: 33812000 PMCID: PMC8113138 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are thought to exist on a clinical and pathological spectrum. FTD and ALS are linked by shared genetic causes (e.g. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions) and neuropathology, such as inclusions of ubiquitinated, misfolded proteins (e.g. TAR DNA-binding protein 43; TDP-43) in the CNS. Furthermore, some genes that cause FTD or ALS when mutated encode proteins that localize to the lysosome or modulate endosome-lysosome function, including lysosomal fusion, cargo trafficking, lysosomal acidification, autophagy, or TFEB activity. In this review, we summarize evidence that lysosomal dysfunction, caused by genetic mutations (e.g. C9orf72, GRN, MAPT, TMEM106B) or toxic-gain of function (e.g. aggregation of TDP-43 or tau), is an important pathogenic disease mechanism in FTD and ALS. Further studies into the normal function of many of these proteins are required and will help uncover the mechanisms that cause lysosomal dysfunction in FTD and ALS. Mutations or polymorphisms in genes that encode proteins important for endosome-lysosome function also occur in other age-dependent neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's (e.g. APOE, PSEN1, APP) and Parkinson's (e.g. GBA, LRRK2, ATP13A2) disease. A more complete understanding of the common and unique features of lysosome dysfunction across the spectrum of neurodegeneration will help guide the development of therapies for these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Root
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Paola Merino
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Austin Nuckols
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Michelle Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - Thomas Kukar
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia; Department of Neurology, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia.
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35
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Boley N, Patil S, Garnett EO, Li H, Chugani DC, Chang SE, Chow HM. Association Between Gray Matter Volume Variations and Energy Utilization in the Brain: Implications for Developmental Stuttering. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:2317-2324. [PMID: 33719533 PMCID: PMC8740693 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The biological mechanisms underlying developmental stuttering remain unclear. In a previous investigation, we showed that there is significant spatial correspondence between regional gray matter structural anomalies and the expression of genes linked to energy metabolism. In the current study, we sought to further examine the relationship between structural anomalies in the brain in children with persistent stuttering and brain regional energy metabolism. Method High-resolution structural MRI scans were acquired from 26 persistent stuttering and 44 typically developing children. Voxel-based morphometry was used to quantify the between-group gray matter volume (GMV) differences across the whole brain. Group differences in GMV were then compared with published values for the pattern of glucose metabolism measured via F18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the brains of 29 healthy volunteers using positron emission tomography. Results A significant positive correlation between GMV differences and F18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was found in the left hemisphere (ρ = .36, p < .01), where speech-motor and language processing are typically localized. No such correlation was observed in the right hemisphere (ρ = .05, p = .70). Conclusions Corroborating our previous gene expression studies, the results of the current study suggest a potential connection between energy metabolism and stuttering. Brain regions with high energy utilization may be particularly vulnerable to anatomical changes associated with stuttering. Such changes may be further exacerbated when there are sharp increases in brain energy utilization, which coincides with the developmental period of rapid speech/language acquisition and the onset of stuttering during childhood. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14110454.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Boley
- The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MRI Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Sanath Patil
- Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MRI Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
- Premedical-Medical Program, Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Emily O. Garnett
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Hua Li
- Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MRI Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
| | - Diane C. Chugani
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark
| | - Soo-Eun Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
- Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Ho Ming Chow
- Katzin Diagnostic & Research PET/MRI Center, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark
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Lakpa KL, Khan N, Afghah Z, Chen X, Geiger JD. Lysosomal Stress Response (LSR): Physiological Importance and Pathological Relevance. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:219-237. [PMID: 33751445 PMCID: PMC8099033 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-09990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive work has characterized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress responses. In contrast, very little has been published about stress responses in lysosomes; subcellular acidic organelles that are physiologically important and are of pathological relevance. The greater lysosomal system is dynamic and is comprised of endosomes, lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, autophagosomes, and autophagolysosomes. They are important regulators of cellular physiology, they represent about 5% of the total cellular volume, they are heterogeneous in their sizes and distribution patterns, they are electron dense, and their subcellular positioning within cells varies in response to stimuli, insults and pH. These organelles are also integral to the pathogenesis of lysosomal storage diseases and it is increasingly recognized that lysosomes play important roles in the pathogenesis of such diverse conditions as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. The purpose of this review is to focus attention on lysosomal stress responses (LSR), compare LSR with better characterized stress responses in ER and mitochondria, and form a framework for future characterizations of LSR. We synthesized data into the concept of LSR and present it here such that the definition of LSR can be modified as new knowledge is added and specific therapeutics are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi L Lakpa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Zahra Afghah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Xuesong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - Jonathan D Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
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Santagostino SF, Assenmacher CA, Tarrant JC, Adedeji AO, Radaelli E. Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death: Current Perspectives. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:596-623. [PMID: 34039100 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Balancing cell survival and cell death is fundamental to development and homeostasis. Cell death is regulated by multiple interconnected signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Regulated cell death (RCD) is implicated in fundamental processes such as organogenesis and tissue remodeling, removal of unnecessary structures or cells, and regulation of cell numbers. RCD can also be triggered by exogenous perturbations of the intracellular or extracellular microenvironment when the adaptive processes that respond to stress fail. During the past few years, many novel forms of non-apoptotic RCD have been identified, and the characterization of RCD mechanisms at a molecular level has deepened our understanding of diseases encountered in human and veterinary medicine. Given the complexity of these processes, it has become clear that the identification of RCD cannot be based simply on morphologic characteristics and that descriptive and diagnostic terms presently used by pathologists-such as individual cell apoptosis or necrosis-appear inadequate and possibly misleading. In this review, the current understanding of the molecular machinery of each type of non-apoptotic RCD mechanisms is outlined. Due to the continuous discovery of new mechanisms or nuances of previously described processes, the limitations of the terms apoptosis and necrosis to indicate microscopic findings are also reported. In addition, the need for a standard panel of biomarkers and functional tests to adequately characterize the underlying RCD and its role as a mechanism of disease is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Tarrant
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zhang Z, Yue P, Lu T, Wang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. Role of lysosomes in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:79. [PMID: 33990205 PMCID: PMC8120021 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long known as digestive organelles, lysosomes have now emerged as multifaceted centers responsible for degradation, nutrient sensing, and immunity. Growing evidence also implicates role of lysosome-related mechanisms in pathologic process. In this review, we discuss physiological function of lysosomes and, more importantly, how the homeostasis of lysosomes is disrupted in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors. In atherosclerosis and Gaucher disease, dysfunction of lysosomes changes cytokine secretion from macrophages, partially through inflammasome activation. In neurodegenerative diseases, defect autophagy facilitates accumulation of toxic protein and dysfunctional organelles leading to neuron death. Lysosomal dysfunction has been demonstrated in pathology of pancreatitis. Abnormal autophagy activation or inhibition has been revealed in autoimmune disorders. In tumor microenvironment, malignant phenotypes, including tumorigenesis, growth regulation, invasion, drug resistance, and radiotherapy resistance, of tumor cells and behaviors of tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, and T cells are also mediated by lysosomes. Based on these findings, a series of therapeutic methods targeting lysosomal proteins and processes have been developed from bench to bedside. In a word, present researches corroborate lysosomes to be pivotal organelles for understanding pathology of atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune disorders, pancreatitis, and lysosomal storage disorders, and malignant tumors and developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Yue
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Lu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Block 3, Southern Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan People’s Republic of China
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Abed Rabbo M, Khodour Y, Kaguni LS, Stiban J. Sphingolipid lysosomal storage diseases: from bench to bedside. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:44. [PMID: 33941173 PMCID: PMC8094529 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudicum described sphingolipids (SLs) in the late nineteenth century, but it was only in the past fifty years that SL research surged in importance and applicability. Currently, sphingolipids and their metabolism are hotly debated topics in various biochemical fields. Similar to other macromolecular reactions, SL metabolism has important implications in health and disease in most cells. A plethora of SL-related genetic ailments has been described. Defects in SL catabolism can cause the accumulation of SLs, leading to many types of lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) collectively called sphingolipidoses. These diseases mainly impact the neuronal and immune systems, but other systems can be affected as well. This review aims to present a comprehensive, up-to-date picture of the rapidly growing field of sphingolipid LSDs, their etiology, pathology, and potential therapeutic strategies. We first describe LSDs biochemically and briefly discuss their catabolism, followed by general aspects of the major diseases such as Gaucher, Krabbe, Fabry, and Farber among others. We conclude with an overview of the available and potential future therapies for many of the diseases. We strive to present the most important and recent findings from basic research and clinical applications, and to provide a valuable source for understanding these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Abed Rabbo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine
| | - Laurie S Kaguni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Johnny Stiban
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, P.O. Box 14, Ramallah, West Bank, 627, Palestine.
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Díaz P, Sandoval-Bórquez A, Bravo-Sagua R, Quest AFG, Lavandero S. Perspectives on Organelle Interaction, Protein Dysregulation, and Cancer Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:613336. [PMID: 33718356 PMCID: PMC7946981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.613336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, compelling evidence has emerged showing that organelles are not static structures but rather form a highly dynamic cellular network and exchange information through membrane contact sites. Although high-throughput techniques facilitate identification of novel contact sites (e.g., organelle-organelle and organelle-vesicle interactions), little is known about their impact on cellular physiology. Moreover, even less is known about how the dysregulation of these structures impacts on cellular function and therefore, disease. Particularly, cancer cells display altered signaling pathways involving several cell organelles; however, the relevance of interorganelle communication in oncogenesis and/or cancer progression remains largely unknown. This review will focus on organelle contacts relevant to cancer pathogenesis. We will highlight specific proteins and protein families residing in these organelle-interfaces that are known to be involved in cancer-related processes. First, we will review the relevance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria interactions. This section will focus on mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and particularly the tethering proteins at the ER-mitochondria interphase, as well as their role in cancer disease progression. Subsequently, the role of Ca2+ at the ER-mitochondria interphase in cancer disease progression will be discussed. Members of the Bcl-2 protein family, key regulators of cell death, also modulate Ca2+ transport pathways at the ER-mitochondria interphase. Furthermore, we will review the role of ER-mitochondria communication in the regulation of proteostasis, focusing on the ER stress sensor PERK (PRKR-like ER kinase), which exerts dual roles in cancer. Second, we will review the relevance of ER and mitochondria interactions with other organelles. This section will focus on peroxisome and lysosome organelle interactions and their impact on cancer disease progression. In this context, the peroxisome biogenesis factor (PEX) gene family has been linked to cancer. Moreover, the autophagy-lysosome system is emerging as a driving force in the progression of numerous human cancers. Thus, we will summarize our current understanding of the role of each of these organelles and their communication, highlighting how alterations in organelle interfaces participate in cancer development and progression. A better understanding of specific organelle communication sites and their relevant proteins may help to identify potential pharmacological targets for novel therapies in cancer control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Díaz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo-Sagua
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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41
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Kuk MU, Lee YH, Kim JW, Hwang SY, Park JT, Park SC. Potential Treatment of Lysosomal Storage Disease through Modulation of the Mitochondrial-Lysosomal Axis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020420. [PMID: 33671306 PMCID: PMC7921977 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disease (LSD) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by enzyme deficiency in lysosomes. Some treatments for LSD can slow progression, but there are no effective treatments to restore the pathological phenotype to normal levels. Lysosomes and mitochondria interact with each other, and this crosstalk plays a role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Deficiency of lysosome enzymes in LSD impairs the turnover of mitochondrial defects, leading to deterioration of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). Cells with MRC impairment are associated with reduced lysosomal calcium homeostasis, resulting in impaired autophagic and endolysosomal function. This malicious feedback loop between lysosomes and mitochondria exacerbates LSD. In this review, we assess the interactions between mitochondria and lysosomes and propose the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis as a research target to treat LSD. The importance of the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis has been systematically characterized in several studies, suggesting that proper regulation of this axis represents an important investigative guide for the development of therapeutics for LSD. Therefore, studying the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis will not only add knowledge of the essential physiological processes of LSD, but also provide new strategies for treatment of LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Yun Haeng Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Su Young Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (M.U.K.); (Y.H.L.); (J.W.K.); (S.Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
| | - Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); ; (S.C.P.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8841 (J.T.P.); +82-10-5495-9200 (S.C.P.)
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42
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Yagi M, Toshima T, Amamoto R, Do Y, Hirai H, Setoyama D, Kang D, Uchiumi T. Mitochondrial translation deficiency impairs NAD + -mediated lysosomal acidification. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105268. [PMID: 33528041 PMCID: PMC8047443 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial translation dysfunction is associated with neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Cells eliminate defective mitochondria by the lysosomal machinery via autophagy. The relationship between mitochondrial translation and lysosomal function is unknown. In this study, mitochondrial translation‐deficient hearts from p32‐knockout mice were found to exhibit enlarged lysosomes containing lipofuscin, suggesting impaired lysosome and autolysosome function. These mice also displayed autophagic abnormalities, such as p62 accumulation and LC3 localization around broken mitochondria. The expression of genes encoding for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthetic enzymes—Nmnat3 and Nampt—and NAD+ levels were decreased, suggesting that NAD+ is essential for maintaining lysosomal acidification. Conversely, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) administration or Nmnat3 overexpression rescued lysosomal acidification. Nmnat3 gene expression is suppressed by HIF1α, a transcription factor that is stabilized by mitochondrial translation dysfunction, suggesting that HIF1α‐Nmnat3‐mediated NAD+ production is important for lysosomal function. The glycolytic enzymes GAPDH and PGK1 were found associated with lysosomal vesicles, and NAD+ was required for ATP production around lysosomal vesicles. Thus, we conclude that NAD+ content affected by mitochondrial dysfunction is essential for lysosomal maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikako Yagi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Toshima
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rie Amamoto
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Seinan Jo Gakuin University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yura Do
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Haruka Hirai
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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43
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Parenti G, Medina DL, Ballabio A. The rapidly evolving view of lysosomal storage diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12836. [PMID: 33459519 PMCID: PMC7863408 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of metabolic disorders caused by deficiencies of several components of lysosomal function. Most commonly affected are lysosomal hydrolases, which are involved in the breakdown and recycling of a variety of complex molecules and cellular structures. The understanding of lysosomal biology has progressively improved over time. Lysosomes are no longer viewed as organelles exclusively involved in catabolic pathways, but rather as highly dynamic elements of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway, involved in multiple cellular functions, including signaling, and able to adapt to environmental stimuli. This refined vision of lysosomes has substantially impacted on our understanding of the pathophysiology of lysosomal disorders. It is now clear that substrate accumulation triggers complex pathogenetic cascades that are responsible for disease pathology, such as aberrant vesicle trafficking, impairment of autophagy, dysregulation of signaling pathways, abnormalities of calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Novel technologies, in most cases based on high-throughput approaches, have significantly contributed to the characterization of lysosomal biology or lysosomal dysfunction and have the potential to facilitate diagnostic processes, and to enable the identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Parenti
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Diego L Medina
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,SSM School for Advanced Studies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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44
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Ma HJ, Gai C, Chai Y, Feng WD, Cheng CC, Zhang JK, Zhang YX, Yang LP, Guo ZY, Gao YS, Sun HM. Bu-Yin-Qian-Zheng Formula Ameliorates MPP +-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease via Parkin. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:577017. [PMID: 33424590 PMCID: PMC7793772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.577017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a typical traditional Chinese medicine, Bu-Yin-Qian-Zheng Formula (BYQZF) has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), particularly by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and regulating expression of the parkin protein. However, the underlying mechanisms by which BYQZF affects mitochondrial function through parkin are unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the mechanisms by which BYQZF ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction through parkin in PD. We constructed a parkin-knockdown cell model and performed fluorescence microscopy to observe transfected SH-SY5Y cells. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were conducted to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of parkin. Additionally, we evaluated the cell survival rates, ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), mitochondrial morphology, parkin protein expression, PINK1 protein expression, and mitochondrial fusion and fission protein expression after treatment with MPP+ and BYQZF. Our results showed that cell survival rates, ATP levels, ΔΨm, mitochondrial morphology, parkin protein levels, PINK1 protein levels, and mitochondrial fusion protein levels were reduced after MPP+ treatment. In contrast, mitochondrial fission protein levels were increased after MPP+ treatment. Moreover, after transient transfection with a negative control plasmid, the above indices were significantly increased by BYQZF. However, there were no obvious differences in these indices after transient transfection with a parkin-knockdown plasmid. Our findings suggest that BYQZF has protective effects on mitochondrial function in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells via parkin-dependent regulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jie Ma
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Gai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chai
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Di Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cui-Cui Cheng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Kun Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Ping Yang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shan Gao
- Center for Scientific Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Mei Sun
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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45
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Lin TK, Lin KJ, Lin KL, Liou CW, Chen SD, Chuang YC, Wang PW, Chuang JH, Wang TJ. When Friendship Turns Sour: Effective Communication Between Mitochondria and Intracellular Organelles in Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607392. [PMID: 33330511 PMCID: PMC7733999 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with pathological hallmarks including progressive neuronal loss from the substantia nigra pars compacta and α-synuclein intraneuronal inclusions, known as Lewy bodies. Although the etiology of PD remains elusive, mitochondrial damage has been established to take center stage in the pathogenesis of PD. Mitochondria are critical to cellular energy production, metabolism, homeostasis, and stress responses; the association with PD emphasizes the importance of maintenance of mitochondrial network integrity. To accomplish the pleiotropic functions, mitochondria are dynamic not only within their own network but also in orchestrated coordination with other organelles in the cellular community. Through physical contact sites, signal transduction, and vesicle transport, mitochondria and intracellular organelles achieve the goals of calcium homeostasis, redox homeostasis, protein homeostasis, autophagy, and apoptosis. Herein, we review the finely tuned interactions between mitochondria and surrounding intracellular organelles, with focus on the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and lysosomes. Participants that may contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of PD will be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Kung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lieh Lin
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Der Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chung Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center of Parkinson's Disease, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Metabolism, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Haur Chuang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jou Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatric, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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46
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Turton N, Rutherford T, Thijssen D, Hargreaves IP. Putative adjunct therapies to target mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in phenylketonuria, lysosomal storage disorders and peroxisomal disorders. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1850254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tricia Rutherford
- Department of research and development, Vitaflo International Ltd, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dick Thijssen
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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47
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Celecoxib promotes survival and upregulates the expression of neuroprotective marker genes in two different in vitro models of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 194:108378. [PMID: 33160981 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence highlights the role of age-related chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD. A combination of these factors impairs the crosstalk between mitochondria and lysosomes, resulting in compromised cell homeostasis. Apolipoprotein D (APOD), an ancient and highly conserved anti-inflammatory and antioxidant lipocalin, and the transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of mitophagy, autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, play key roles in these processes. Both APOD and TFEB have attracted attention as therapeutic targets for PD. The aim of this study was to investigate if the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib (CXB) exerts a direct neuroprotective effect in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and paraquat (PQ) PD models. We found that CXB rescued SH-SY5Y cells challenged by 6-OHDA- and PQ-induced toxicity. Furthermore, treatment with CXB led to a marked and sustained upregulation of APOD and the two microphthalmia transcription factors TFEB and MITF. In sum, this study highlights the clinically approved drug CXB as a promising neuroprotective therapeutic tool in PD research that has the potential to increase the survival rate of dopaminergic neurons that are still alive at the time of diagnosis.
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48
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Stepien KM, Roncaroli F, Turton N, Hendriksz CJ, Roberts M, Heaton RA, Hargreaves I. Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lysosomal Storage Disorders: A Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082596. [PMID: 32796538 PMCID: PMC7463786 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is emerging as an important contributory factor to the pathophysiology of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs appears to be multifactorial, although impaired mitophagy and oxidative stress appear to be common inhibitory mechanisms shared amongst these heterogeneous disorders. Once impaired, dysfunctional mitochondria may impact upon the function of the lysosome by the generation of reactive oxygen species as well as depriving the lysosome of ATP which is required by the V-ATPase proton pump to maintain the acidity of the lumen. Given the reported evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction in LSDs together with the important symbiotic relationship between these two organelles, therapeutic strategies targeting both lysosome and mitochondrial dysfunction may be an important consideration in the treatment of LSDs. In this review we examine the putative mechanisms that may be responsible for mitochondrial dysfunction in reported LSDs which will be supplemented with morphological and clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M. Stepien
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Roncaroli
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester and Manchester Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (R.A.H.); (I.H.)
| | - Christian J. Hendriksz
- Paediatrics and Child Health, Steve Biko Academic Unit, University of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa;
| | - Mark Roberts
- Neurology Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK;
| | - Robert A. Heaton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (R.A.H.); (I.H.)
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (N.T.); (R.A.H.); (I.H.)
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49
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Lysosomal activity regulates Caenorhabditis elegans mitochondrial dynamics through vitamin B12 metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19970-19981. [PMID: 32737159 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008021117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission and fusion are highly regulated by energy demand and physiological conditions to control the production, activity, and movement of these organelles. Mitochondria are arrayed in a periodic pattern in Caenorhabditis elegans muscle, but this pattern is disrupted by mutations in the mitochondrial fission component dynamin DRP-1. Here we show that the dramatically disorganized mitochondria caused by a mitochondrial fission-defective dynamin mutation is strongly suppressed to a more periodic pattern by a second mutation in lysosomal biogenesis or acidification. Vitamin B12 is normally imported from the bacterial diet via lysosomal degradation of B12-binding proteins and transport of vitamin B12 to the mitochondrion and cytoplasm. We show that the lysosomal dysfunction induced by gene inactivations of lysosomal biogenesis or acidification factors causes vitamin B12 deficiency. Growth of the C. elegans dynamin mutant on an Escherichia coli strain with low vitamin B12 also strongly suppressed the mitochondrial fission defect. Of the two C. elegans enzymes that require B12, gene inactivation of methionine synthase suppressed the mitochondrial fission defect of a dynamin mutation. We show that lysosomal dysfunction induced mitochondrial biogenesis, which is mediated by vitamin B12 deficiency and methionine restriction. S-adenosylmethionine, the methyl donor of many methylation reactions, including histones, is synthesized from methionine by S-adenosylmethionine synthase; inactivation of the sams-1 S-adenosylmethionine synthase also suppresses the drp-1 fission defect, suggesting that vitamin B12 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and then affects mitochondrial fission via chromatin pathways.
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50
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Sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitor restores lost axonal varicosities of the myenteric plexus in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12372. [PMID: 32704004 PMCID: PMC7378553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes impairs enteric nervous system functions; however, ultrastructural changes underlying the pathophysiology of the myenteric plexus and the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitors are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate three-dimensional ultrastructural changes in axonal varicosities in the myenteric plexus and the effect thereon of the SGLT inhibitor phlorizin in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Three-dimensional ultrastructural analysis using serial block-face imaging revealed that non-treated HFD-fed mice had fewer axonal varicosities and synaptic vesicles in the myenteric plexus than did normal diet-fed control mice. Furthermore, mitochondrial volume was increased and lysosome number decreased in the axons of non-treated HFD-fed mice when compared to those of control mice. Phlorizin treatment restored the axonal varicosities and organelles in HFD-fed mice. Although HFD did not affect the immunolocalisation of PGP9.5, it reduced synaptophysin immunostaining in the myenteric plexus, which was restored by phlorizin treatment. These results suggest that impairment of the axonal varicosities and their synaptic vesicles underlies the damage to the enteric neurons caused by HFD feeding. SGLT inhibitor treatment could restore axonal varicosities and organelles, which may lead to improved gastrointestinal functions in HFD-induced obesity as well as diabetes.
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