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Power G, Ferreira-Santos L, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J. Integrating molecular and cellular components of endothelial shear stress mechanotransduction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H989-H1003. [PMID: 39178024 PMCID: PMC11482243 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00431.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The lining of blood vessels is constantly exposed to mechanical forces exerted by blood flow against the endothelium. Endothelial cells detect these tangential forces (i.e., shear stress), initiating a host of intracellular signaling cascades that regulate vascular physiology. Thus, vascular health is tethered to the endothelial cells' capacity to transduce shear stress. Indeed, the mechanotransduction of shear stress underlies a variety of cardiovascular benefits, including some of those associated with increased physical activity. However, endothelial mechanotransduction is impaired in aging and disease states such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, precipitating the development of vascular disease. Understanding endothelial mechanotransduction of shear stress, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which this process becomes defective, is critical for the identification and development of novel therapeutic targets against cardiovascular disease. In this review, we detail the primary mechanosensitive structures that have been implicated in detecting shear stress, including junctional proteins such as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), the extracellular glycocalyx and its components, and ion channels such as piezo1. We delineate which molecules are truly mechanosensitive and which may simply be indispensable for the downstream transmission of force. Furthermore, we discuss how these mechanosensors interact with other cellular structures, such as the cytoskeleton and membrane lipid rafts, which are implicated in translating shear forces to biochemical signals. Based on findings to date, we also seek to integrate these cellular and molecular mechanisms with a view of deciphering endothelial mechanotransduction of shear stress, a tenet of vascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Power
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | | | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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2
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Khan AW, Aziz M, Sourris KC, Lee MKS, Dai A, Watson AMD, Maxwell S, Sharma A, Zhou Y, Cooper ME, Calkin AC, Murphy AJ, Baratchi S, Jandeleit-Dahm KAM. The Role of Activator Protein-1 Complex in Diabetes-Associated Atherosclerosis: Insights From Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Diabetes 2024; 73:1495-1512. [PMID: 38905153 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. Even when risk factors are mitigated, the disease progresses, and thus, newer targets need to be identified that directly inhibit the underlying pathobiology of atherosclerosis in diabetes. A single-cell sequencing approach was used to distinguish the proatherogenic transcriptional profile in aortic cells in diabetes using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic Apoe-/- mouse model. Human carotid endarterectomy specimens from individuals with and without diabetes were also evaluated via immunohistochemical analysis. Further mechanistic studies were performed in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and human THP-1-derived macrophages. We then performed a preclinical study using an activator protein-1 (AP-1) inhibitor in a diabetic Apoe-/- mouse model. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identified the AP-1 complex as a novel target in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. AP-1 levels were elevated in carotid endarterectomy specimens from individuals with diabetes compared with those without diabetes. AP-1 was validated as a mechanosensitive transcription factor via immunofluorescence staining for regional heterogeneity of endothelial cells of the aortic region exposed to turbulent blood flow and by performing microfluidics experiments in HAECs. AP-1 inhibition with T-5224 blunted endothelial cell activation as assessed by a monocyte adhesion assay and expression of genes relevant to endothelial function. Furthermore, AP-1 inhibition attenuated foam cell formation. Critically, treatment with T-5224 attenuated atherosclerosis development in diabetic Apoe-/- mice. This study has identified the AP-1 complex as a novel target, the inhibition of which treats the underlying pathobiology of atherosclerosis in diabetes. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Waheed Khan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Misbah Aziz
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karly C Sourris
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Man K S Lee
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aozhi Dai
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna M D Watson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Maxwell
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ying Zhou
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark E Cooper
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anna C Calkin
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sara Baratchi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Karin A M Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
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Chandra Sekar N, Khoshmanesh K, Baratchi S. Bioengineered models of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis 2024; 393:117565. [PMID: 38714426 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Age-associated cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), predominantly resulting from artery-related disorders such as atherosclerosis, stand as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the elderly population. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the development of clinically relevant bioengineered models of CVDs. Recent developments in bioengineering and material sciences have paved the way for the creation of intricate models that closely mimic the structure and surroundings of native cardiac tissues and blood vessels. These models can be utilized for basic research purposes and for identifying pharmaceutical interventions and facilitating drug discovery. The advancement of vessel-on-a-chip technologies and the development of bioengineered and humanized in vitro models of the cardiovascular system have the potential to revolutionize CVD disease modelling. These technologies offer pathophysiologically relevant models at a fraction of the cost and time required for traditional experimentation required in vivo. This progress signifies a significant advancement in the field, transitioning from conventional 2D cell culture models to advanced 3D organoid and vessel-on-a-chip models. These innovative models are specifically designed to explore the complexities of vascular aging and stiffening, crucial factors in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the recent progress of various bioengineered in vitro platforms developed for investigating the pathophysiology of human cardiovascular system with more focus on advanced 3D vascular platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3082, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia
| | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia; School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3082, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, 3004, Australia; Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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Hauger PC, Hordijk PL. Shear Stress-Induced AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Modulation in Endothelial Cells: Its Role in Metabolic Adaptions and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6047. [PMID: 38892235 PMCID: PMC11173107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) line the inner surface of all blood vessels and form a barrier that facilitates the controlled transfer of nutrients and oxygen from the circulatory system to surrounding tissues. Exposed to both laminar and turbulent blood flow, ECs are continuously subject to differential mechanical stimulation. It has been well established that the shear stress associated with laminar flow (LF) is atheroprotective, while shear stress in areas with turbulent flow (TF) correlates with EC dysfunction. Moreover, ECs show metabolic adaptions to physiological changes, such as metabolic shifts from quiescence to a proliferative state during angiogenesis. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is at the center of these phenomena. AMPK has a central role as a metabolic sensor in several cell types. Moreover, in ECs, AMPK is mechanosensitive, linking mechanosensation with metabolic adaptions. Finally, recent studies indicate that AMPK dysregulation is at the center of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and that pharmacological targeting of AMPK is a promising and novel strategy to treat CVDs such as atherosclerosis or ischemic injury. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge relevant to this topic, with a focus on shear stress-induced AMPK modulation and its consequences for vascular health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter L. Hordijk
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
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Li Y, Ge J, Yin Y, He J, Shang L. Exploration on the effect of anserine on the alleviation of DVT and its molecular mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1402758. [PMID: 38846090 PMCID: PMC11154784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1402758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the regulatory effect of anserine on HUVEC cell injury and thrombosis in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) rats, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods Non-targeted metabolomics data analyses were conducted using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system Vanquish UHPLC and mass spectrometer to detect plasma metabolism profiles. The transcriptome sequencing and gene intervention experiments were performed to verify the regulatory effect. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of P-selectin, E-selectin, and vWF, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe thrombotic and inflammatory cell infiltration, flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were performed to detect apoptosis, and qPCR and WB assays were conducted to determine the gene and protein expression. Results Anserine alleviated HUVECs injury, reduced adhesion molecule expression, and inflammation. It decreased P-selectin, E-selectin, vWF, THBD, TFPI levels, and apoptosis while promoting NOS3, ET-1, and NO release in HUVECs. In DVT rats, anserine reduced P-selectin, E-selectin, vWF, thrombosis, cell infiltration, apoptosis, and promoted NO release. Transcriptome sequencing and gene intervention confirmed anserine's regulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway and coagulation via MYB. CARNMT1, a regulatory enzyme for anserine metabolism, increased anserine content, inhibiting coagulation, thrombosis, cell infiltration, and promoting NO release in rats. Conclusion This study confirmed anserine could alleviate DVT by improving the inflammatory response, inhibiting blood agglutination, and promoting vasodilation, providing new potential therapeutic targets, important scientific evidence for the development of DVT management, and new clues for an in-depth understanding of its molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingping Ge
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longcheng Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Yu Z, Chen Y, Li J, Chen C, Lu H, Chen S, Zhang T, Guo T, Zhu Y, Jin J, Yan S, Chen H. A tempo-spatial controllable microfluidic shear-stress generator for in-vitro mimicking of the thrombus. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:187. [PMID: 38632623 PMCID: PMC11022418 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological conditions linked to shear stress have been identified in hematological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. These conditions often exhibit significantly elevated shear stress levels, surpassing 1000 dyn/cm2 in severely stenotic arteries. Heightened shear stress can induce mechanical harm to endothelial cells, potentially leading to bleeding and fatal consequences. However, current technology still grapples with limitations, including inadequate flexibility in simulating bodily shear stress environments, limited range of shear stress generation, and spatial and temporal adaptability. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the impact of shear stress on physiological and pathological conditions, like thrombosis, remains inadequate. To address these limitations, this study presents a microfluidic-based shear stress generation chip as a proposed solution. The chip achieves a substantial 929-fold variation in shear stress solely by adjusting the degree of constriction in branch channels after PDMS fabrication. Experiments demonstrated that a rapid increase in shear stress up to 1000 dyn/cm2 significantly detached 88.2% cells from the substrate. Long-term exposure (24 h) to shear stress levels below 8.3 dyn/cm2 did not significantly impact cell growth. Furthermore, cells exposed to shear stress levels equal to or greater than 8.3 dyn/cm2 exhibited significant alterations in aspect ratio and orientation, following a normal distribution. This microfluidic chip provides a reliable tool for investigating cellular responses to the wide-ranging shear stress existing in both physiological and pathological flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Chang Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huaxiu Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tianruo Guo
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Sheng Yan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Huaying Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Duan X, Liu R, Xi Y, Tian Z. The mechanisms of exercise improving cardiovascular function by stimulating Piezo1 and TRP ion channels: a systemic review. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05000-5. [PMID: 38625513 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05000-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels are widely distributed in the heart, lung, bladder and other tissues, and plays an important role in exercise-induced cardiovascular function promotion. By reviewing the PubMed databases, the results were summarized using the terms "Exercise/Sport", "Piezo1", "Transient receptor potential (TRP)" and "Cardiovascular" as the keywords, 124-related papers screened were sorted and reviewed. The results showed that: (1) Piezo1 and TRP channels play an important role in regulating blood pressure and the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and cardiac fibrosis; (2) Exercise promotes cardiac health, inhibits the development of pathological heart to heart failure, regulating the changes in the characterization of Piezo1 and TRP channels; (3) Piezo1 activates downstream signaling pathways with very broad pathways, such as AKT/eNOS, NF-κB, p38MAPK and HIPPO-YAP signaling pathways. Piezo1 and Irisin regulate nuclear localization of YAP and are hypothesized to act synergistically to regulate tissue mechanical properties of the cardiovascular system and (4) The cardioprotective effects of exercise through the TRP family are mostly accomplished through Ca2+ and involve many signaling pathways. TRP channels exert their important cardioprotective effects by reducing the TRPC3-Nox2 complex and mediating Irisin-induced Ca2+ influx through TRPV4. It is proposed that exercise stimulates the mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1 and TRP channels, which exerts cardioprotective effects. The activation of Piezo1 and TRP channels and their downstream targets to exert cardioprotective function by exercise may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and the rehabilitation of clinical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Duan
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Renhan Liu
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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Lai A, Hawke A, Mohammed M, Thurgood P, Concilia G, Peter K, Khoshmanesh K, Baratchi S. A microfluidic model to study the effects of arrhythmic flows on endothelial cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2347-2357. [PMID: 38576401 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00834g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia and an important contributor to morbidity and mortality. Endothelial dysfunction has been postulated to be an important contributing factor in cardiovascular events in patients with AF. However, how vascular endothelial cells respond to arrhythmic flow is not fully understood, mainly due to the limitation of current in vitro systems to mimic arrhythmic flow conditions. To address this limitation, we developed a microfluidic system to study the effect of arrhythmic flow on the mechanobiology of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The system utilises a computer-controlled piezoelectric pump for generating arrhythmic flow with a unique ability to control the variability in both the frequency and amplitude of pulse waves. The flow rate is modulated to reflect physiological or pathophysiological shear stress levels on endothelial cells. This enabled us to systematically dissect the importance of variability in the frequency and amplitude of pulses and shear stress level on endothelial cell mechanobiology. Our results indicated that arrhythmic flow at physiological shear stress level promotes endothelial cell spreading and reduces the plasma membrane-to-cytoplasmic distribution of β-catenin. In contrast, arrhythmic flow at low and atherogenic shear stress levels does not promote endothelial cell spreading or redistribution of β-catenin. Interestingly, under both shear stress levels, arrhythmic flow induces inflammation by promoting monocyte adhesion via an increase in ICAM-1 expression. Collectively, our microfluidic system provides opportunities to study the effect of arrhythmic flows on vascular endothelial mechanobiology in a systematic and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Lai
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Adam Hawke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mokhaled Mohammed
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peter Thurgood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hernández-Espinosa LC, Hernández-Muñoz R. Blood flow-bearing physical forces, endothelial glycocalyx, and liver enzyme mobilization: A hypothesis. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313462. [PMID: 38231124 PMCID: PMC10794122 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous elements involved in shear stress-induced signaling have been identified, recognizing their functions as mechanotransducing ion channels situated at cellular membranes. This form of mechanical signaling relies on transmembrane proteins and cytoplasmic proteins that restructure the cytoskeleton, contributing to mechanotransduction cascades. Notably, blood flow generates mechanical forces that significantly impact the structure and remodeling of blood vessels. The primary regulation of blood vessel responses occurs through hemodynamic forces acting on the endothelium. These mechanical events intricately govern endothelial biophysical, biochemical, and genetic responses. Endothelial cells, positioned on the intimal surface of blood vessels, have the capability to express components of the glycocalyx. This endothelial structure emerges as a pivotal factor in mechanotransduction and the regulation of vascular tone. The endothelial glycocalyx assumes diverse roles in both health and disease. Our findings propose a connection between the release of specific enzymes from the rat liver and variations in the hepatic blood flow/mass ratio. Importantly, this phenomenon is not correlated with liver necrosis. Consequently, this review serves as an exploration of the potential involvement of membrane proteins in a hypothetical mechanotransducing phenomenon capable of controlling the release of liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Carmina Hernández-Espinosa
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Hernández-Muñoz
- Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Cellular Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Cao R, Tian H, Tian Y, Fu X. A Hierarchical Mechanotransduction System: From Macro to Micro. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302327. [PMID: 38145330 PMCID: PMC10953595 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a strictly regulated process whereby mechanical stimuli, including mechanical forces and properties, are sensed and translated into biochemical signals. Increasing data demonstrate that mechanotransduction is crucial for regulating macroscopic and microscopic dynamics and functionalities. However, the actions and mechanisms of mechanotransduction across multiple hierarchies, from molecules, subcellular structures, cells, tissues/organs, to the whole-body level, have not been yet comprehensively documented. Herein, the biological roles and operational mechanisms of mechanotransduction from macro to micro are revisited, with a focus on the orchestrations across diverse hierarchies. The implications, applications, and challenges of mechanotransduction in human diseases are also summarized and discussed. Together, this knowledge from a hierarchical perspective has the potential to refresh insights into mechanotransduction regulation and disease pathogenesis and therapy, and ultimately revolutionize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCenter for Diabetes Metabolism ResearchState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Medical SchoolWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduSichuan610041China
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11
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Mao A, Zhang K, Kan H, Gao M, Wang Z, Zhou T, Shao J, He D. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Coronary Heterogeneity and Identifies CD133 +TRPV4 high Endothelial Subpopulation in Regulating Flow-Induced Vascular Tone in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:653-665. [PMID: 38269590 PMCID: PMC10880935 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis can determine the heterogeneity of cells between different tissues at a single-cell level. Coronary artery endothelial cells (ECs) are important to coronary blood flow. However, little is known about the heterogeneity of coronary artery ECs, and cellular identity responses to flow. Identifying endothelial subpopulations will contribute to the precise localization of vascular endothelial subpopulations, thus enabling the precision of vascular injury treatment. METHODS Here, we performed a single-cell RNA sequencing of 31 962 cells and functional assays of 3 branches of the coronary arteries (right coronary artery/circumflex left coronary artery/anterior descending left coronary artery) in wild-type mice. RESULTS We found a compendium of 7 distinct cell types in mouse coronary arteries, mainly ECs, granulocytes, cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells, lymphocytes, myeloid cells, and fibroblast cells, and showed spatial heterogeneity between arterial branches. Furthermore, we revealed a subpopulation of coronary artery ECs, CD133+TRPV4high ECs. TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) in CD133+TRPV4high ECs is important for regulating vasodilation and coronary blood flow. CONCLUSIONS Our study elucidates the nature and range of coronary arterial cell diversity and highlights the importance of coronary CD133+TRPV4high ECs in regulating coronary vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiqin Mao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
- School of Food Science and Technology (A.M., D.H.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Ka Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Hao Kan
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Mengru Gao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Wuxi School of Medicine (A.M., K.Z., H.K., M.G., Z.W., T.Z., J.S.), Jiangnan University, China
| | - Dongxu He
- School of Food Science and Technology (A.M., D.H.), Jiangnan University, China
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12
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Kabakova I, Zhang J, Xiang Y, Caponi S, Bilenca A, Guck J, Scarcelli G. Brillouin microscopy. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2024; 4:8. [PMID: 39391288 PMCID: PMC11465583 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-023-00286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
The field of Brillouin microscopy and imaging was established approximately 20 years ago, thanks to the development of non-scanning high-resolution optical spectrometers. Since then, the field has experienced rapid expansion, incorporating technologies from telecommunications, astrophotonics, multiplexed microscopy, quantum optics and machine learning. Consequently, these advancements have led to much-needed improvements in imaging speed, spectral resolution and sensitivity. The progress in Brillouin microscopy is driven by a strong demand for label-free and contact-free methods to characterize the mechanical properties of biomaterials at the cellular and subcellular scales. Understanding the local biomechanics of cells and tissues has become crucial in predicting cellular fate and tissue pathogenesis. This Primer aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the methods and applications of Brillouin microscopy. It includes key demonstrations of Brillouin microscopy and imaging that can serve as a reference for the existing research community and new adopters of this technology. The article concludes with an outlook, presenting the authors' vision for future developments in this vibrant field. The Primer also highlights specific examples where Brillouin microscopy can have a transformative impact on biology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kabakova
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yuchen Xiang
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion & Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Silvia Caponi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali–National Research Council (IOM-CNR)–Research Unit in Perugia, c/o Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Bilenca
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Lai A, Zhou Y, Thurgood P, Chheang C, Chandra Sekar N, Nguyen N, Peter K, Khoshmanesh K, Baratchi S. Endothelial Response to the Combined Biomechanics of Vessel Stiffness and Shear Stress Is Regulated via Piezo1. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59103-59116. [PMID: 38073418 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
How endothelial cells sense and respond to dynamic changes in their biophysical surroundings as we age is not fully understood. Vascular stiffness is clearly a contributing factor not only in several cardiovascular diseases but also in physiological processes such as aging and vascular dementia. To address this gap, we utilized a microfluidic model to explore how substrate stiffness in the presence of shear stress affects endothelial morphology, senescence, proliferation, and inflammation. We also studied the role of mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in endothelial responses under the combined effect of shear stress and substrate stiffness. To do so, we cultured endothelial cells inside microfluidic channels covered with fibronectin-coated elastomer with elastic moduli of 40 and 200 kPa, respectively, mimicking the stiffness of the vessel walls in young and aged arteries. The endothelial cells were exposed to atheroprotective and atherogenic shear stress levels of 10 and 2 dyn/cm2, respectively. Our findings show that substrate stiffness affects senescence under atheroprotective flow conditions and cytoskeleton remodeling, senescence, and inflammation under atherogenic flow conditions. Additionally, we found that the expression of Piezo1 plays a crucial role in endothelial adaptation to flow and regulation of inflammation under both atheroprotective and atherogenic shear stress levels. However, Piezo1 contribution to endothelial senescence was limited to the soft substrate and atheroprotective shear stress level. Overall, our study characterizes the response of endothelial cells to the combined effect of shear stress and substrate stiffness and reveals a previously unidentified role of Piezo1 in endothelial response to vessel stiffening, which potentially can be therapeutically targeted to alleviate endothelial dysfunction in aging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Lai
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Ying Zhou
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Chanly Chheang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Ngan Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Medical Technology Victoria, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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14
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Zhou Y, Sekar NC, Thurgood P, Needham S, Peter K, Khoshmanesh K, Baratchi S. Bioengineered Vascular Model of Foam Cell Formation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6947-6955. [PMID: 38018792 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Foam cell formation is a complex blood vessel pathology, which is characterized by a series of events, including endothelium dysfunction, inflammation, and accumulation of immune cells underneath the blood vessel walls. Novel bioengineered models capable of recapitulating these events are required to better understand the complex pathological processes underlying the development of foam cell formation and, consequently, advanced bioengineered platforms for screening drugs. Here, we generated a microfluidic blood vessel model, incorporating a three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix coated with an endothelial layer. This system enables us to perform experiments under a dynamic microenvironment that recapitulates the complexities of the native vascular regions. Using this model, we studied the effectors that regulate monocyte adhesion and migration, as well as foam cell formation inside vessel walls. We found that monocyte adhesion and migration are regulated by both the endothelium and monocytes themselves. Monocytes migrated into the extracellular matrix only when endothelial cells were cultured in the vessel model. In addition, the exposure of an endothelial layer to tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and low shear stress both increased monocyte migration into the subendothelial space toward the matrix. Furthermore, we demonstrated the process of foam cell formation, 3 days after transmigration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into the vessel wall. We showed that pre-exposure of PBMCs to high shear rates increases their adhesion and migration through the TNF-α-treated endothelium but does not affect their capacity to form foam cells. The versatility of our model allows for mechanistic studies on foam cell formation under customized pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Scott Needham
- Leading Technology Group, Kew, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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15
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Li J, Yang Q, Liu H, Wang M, Pan C, Han L, Lan X. Phloretin alleviates palmitic acid-induced oxidative stress in HUVEC cells by suppressing the expression of LncBAG6-AS. Food Funct 2023; 14:9350-9363. [PMID: 37782102 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is an important trigger of vascular endothelial injury (VEI), which then leads to cardiovascular disease (CVDs). Phloretin was previously investigated to alleviate OS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by activating the AMPK/Nrf2 pathway; however, whether phloretin exerts cardiovascular health benefits by targeting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) remains unclear. Herein, the whole transcriptome sequencing and lncRNA library building were performed on HUVECs, a commonly used cell line for CVDs study, from different groups in control (CK), palmitic acid (PA, 100 μM), and PA + phloretin (50 μM, G50). KEGG analysis demonstrated that DE-lncRNAs regulated the pathway related to OS and metabolism in HUVECs. LncBAG6-AS was highly expressed under OS stimulation, which was reversed by phloretin co-treatment. Moreover, the MMP, activities of SOD, GSH-Px, T-AOC and GR were significantly ameliorated after interference of LncBAG6-AS, which were consistent with phloretin recover group. Furthermore, the expression of DE-genes from previously reported mRNA sequencing, including MAPK10, PIK3R1, ATP2B4, AKT2, and ADCY9, were significantly changed with LncBAG6-AS interference, indicating that LncBAG6-AS may participate in the process of OS attenuation by phloretin through regulating gene expression. So, the transcriptome sequencing of HUVECs with LncBAG6-AS knockdown was subsequently performed and DE-genes for "NC vs. si-ASO-LncBAG6-AS" were significantly enriched with GO terms, such as apoptosis, response to OS, ferroptosis, and others, which were similar to those observed from KEGG analysis. Overall, this study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive substances alleviate OS and potential targets for the early prevention and treatment of VEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China.
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjing, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Liu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100089, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, P. R. China.
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16
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Zhou HL, Jiang XZ, Ventikos Y. Role of blood flow in endothelial functionality: a review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1259280. [PMID: 37905167 PMCID: PMC10613523 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1259280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells, located on the surface of blood vessel walls, are constantly stimulated by mechanical forces from the blood flow. The mechanical forces, i.e., fluid shear stress, induced by the blood flow play a pivotal role in controlling multiple physiological processes at the endothelium and in regulating various pathways that maintain homeostasis and vascular function. In this review, research looking at different blood fluid patterns and fluid shear stress in the circulation system is summarized, together with the interactions between the blood flow and the endothelial cells. This review also highlights the flow profile as a response to the configurational changes of the endothelial glycocalyx, which is less revisited in previous reviews. The role of endothelial glycocalyx in maintaining endothelium health and the strategies for the restoration of damaged endothelial glycocalyx are discussed from the perspective of the fluid shear stress. This review provides a new perspective regarding our understanding of the role that blood flow plays in regulating endothelial functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Zhuo Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiannis Ventikos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Zhou R, Li J, Wang R, Chen Z, Zhou F. The neurovascular unit in healthy and injured spinal cord. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1437-1455. [PMID: 37190756 PMCID: PMC10414016 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231172008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) reflects the close temporal and spatial link between neurons and blood vessels. However, the understanding of the NVU in the spinal cord is far from clear and largely based on generalized knowledge obtained from the brain. Herein, we review the present knowledge of the NVU and highlight candidate approaches to investigate the NVU, particularly focusing on the spinal cord. Several unique features maintain the highly regulated microenvironment in the NVU. Autoregulation and neurovascular coupling ensure regional blood flow meets the metabolic demand according to the blood supply or local neural activation. The blood-central nervous system barrier partitions the circulating blood from neural parenchyma and facilitates the selective exchange of substances. Furthermore, we discuss spinal cord injury (SCI) as a common injury from the perspective of NVU dysfunction. Hopefully, this review will help expand the understanding of the NVU in the spinal cord and inspire new insights into SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubing Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhao Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruideng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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18
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Zhou H, Tu LN, Giachelli C, Nigam V, Scatena M. Monocyte Adhesion and Transmigration Through Endothelium Following Cardiopulmonary Bypass Shearing is Mediated by IL-8 Signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.05.543811. [PMID: 37333089 PMCID: PMC10274614 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.05.543811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundThe use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can induce sterile systemic inflammation that contributes to morbidity and mortality, especially in children. Patients have been found to have increased expression of cytokines and transmigration of leukocytes during and after CPB. Previous work has demonstrated that the supraphysiologic shear stresses present during CPB are sufficient to induce proinflammatory behavior in non-adherent monocytes. The interactions between shear stimulated monocytes and vascular endothelial cells have not been well studied and have important translational implications.MethodsTo test the hypothesis that non-physiological shear stress experienced by monocytes during CPB affects the integrity and function of the endothelial monolayer via IL-8 signaling pathway, we have used an in vitro CPB model to study the interaction between THP-1 monocyte-like cells and human neonatal dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HNDMVECs). THP-1 cells were sheared in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing at 2.1 Pa, twice of physiological shear stress, for 2 hours. Interactions between THP-1 cells and HNDMVECs were characterized after coculture.ResultsWe found that sheared THP-1 cells adhered to and transmigrated through the HNDMVEC monolayer more readily than static controls. When co-culturing, sheared THP-1 cells also disrupted in the VE-cadherin and led to reorganization of cytoskeletal F-actin of HNDMVECs. Treating HNDMVECs with IL-8 resulted in upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) while also increasing the adherence of non-sheared THP-1 cells. Preincubating HNDMVECs with Reparixin, an inhibitor of CXCR2/IL-8 receptor inhibited sheared THP-1 cell adhesion to the HNDMVECs.ConclusionsThese results suggested that IL-8 not only increases the endothelium permeability during monocyte migration, but also affects the initial adhesion of monocytes in a CPB setup. This study revealed a novel mechanism of post-CPB inflammation and will contribute to the development of targeted therapeutics to prevent and repair the damage to neonatal patients.HighlightsShear stress in a CPB-like environment promoted the adhesion and transmigration of monocytes to and through endothelial monolayer.Treating endothelial monolayer with sheared monocytes led to disruption of VE-cadherin and reorganization of F-actin.Interaction between sheared monocytes resulted in a significant increase of IL-8 release.Inhibiting IL-8 receptor prevented sheared monocyte adhesion, while IL-8 promoted naive monocyte adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Lan N Tu
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Vishal Nigam
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
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19
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Zhong G, Su S, Li J, Zhao H, Hu D, Chen J, Li S, Lin Y, Wen L, Lin X, Xian G, Xu D, Zeng Q. Activation of Piezo1 promotes osteogenic differentiation of aortic valve interstitial cell through YAP-dependent glutaminolysis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg0478. [PMID: 37267365 PMCID: PMC10413650 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hemodynamic overload and dysregulation of cellular metabolism are involved in development of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). However, how mechanical stress relates to metabolic changes in CAVD remains unclear. Here, we show that Piezo1, a mechanosensitive ion channel, regulated glutaminase 1 (GLS1)-mediated glutaminolysis to promote osteogenic differentiation of valve interstitial cells (VICs). In vivo, two models of aortic valve stenosis were constructed by ascending aortic constriction (AAC) and direct wire injury (DWI). Inhibition of Piezo1 and GLS1 in these models respectively mitigated aortic valve lesion. In vitro, Piezo1 activation induced by Yoda1 and oscillatory stress triggered osteogenic responses in VICs, which were prevented by Piezo1 inhibition or knockdown. Mechanistically, Piezo1 activation promoted calcium-dependent Yes-associated protein (YAP) activation. YAP modulated GLS1-mediated glutaminolysis, which enhanced osteogenic differentiation through histone acetylation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) promoters. Together, our work provided a cross-talk between mechanotransduction and metabolism in the context of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Juncong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongtu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Shichao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingwen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Liming Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaopeng Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingchun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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20
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Wu M, Wu Y, Tang S, Huang J, Wu Y. Single-cell RNA-seq uncovers distinct pathways and genes in endothelial cells during atherosclerosis progression. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1176267. [PMID: 37325477 PMCID: PMC10266549 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1176267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving various cell types, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. Herein, we aimed to uncover its key molecular mechanisms by single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis. Methods: ScRNA-seq data of cells from atherosclerotic human coronary arteries were analyzed using the Seurat package. Cell types were clustered, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. GSVA (Gene Set Variation Analysis) scores of hub pathways were compared among different cell clusters. DEGs in endothelial cells between apolipoprotein-E (ApoE)-/- mice and specific TGFbR1/2 KO ApoE-/- mice fed with high-fat diet were overlapped with those from human AS coronary arteries. In fluid shear stress and AS, hub genes were determined based on the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, which were verified in ApoE-/- mice. Finally, hub genes were validated in three pairs of AS coronary arteries and normal tissues by histopathological examination. Results: ScRNA-seq identified nine cell clusters in human coronary arteries, namely, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages, B cells, adipocytes, HSCs, NK cells, CD8+ T cells, and monocytes. Among them, endothelial cells had the lowest fluid shear stress and AS and TGF-beta signaling pathway scores. Compared to ApoE-/- mice fed with normal diet, fluid shear stress and AS and TGF-beta scores were both significantly lower in endothelial cells from TGFbR1/2 KO ApoE-/- mice fed with normal or high-fat diet. Furthermore, the two hub pathways had a positive correlation. Three hub genes (ICAM1, KLF2, and VCAM1) were identified, and their expression was distinctly downregulated in endothelial cells from TGFbR1/2 KO ApoE-/- mice fed with normal or high-fat diet than in those from ApoE-/- mice fed with a normal diet, which were confirmed in human AS coronary artery. Conclusion: Our findings clarified the pivotal impacts of pathways (fluid shear stress and AS and TGF-beta) and genes (ICAM1, KLF2, and VCAM1) in endothelial cells on AS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Yijin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Shulin Tang
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
| | - Yueheng Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, China
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Chuntharpursat-Bon E, Povstyan OV, Ludlow MJ, Carrier DJ, Debant M, Shi J, Gaunt HJ, Bauer CC, Curd A, Simon Futers T, Baxter PD, Peckham M, Muench SP, Adamson A, Humphreys N, Tumova S, Bon RS, Cubbon R, Lichtenstein L, Beech DJ. PIEZO1 and PECAM1 interact at cell-cell junctions and partner in endothelial force sensing. Commun Biol 2023; 6:358. [PMID: 37005489 PMCID: PMC10067937 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04706-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two prominent concepts for the sensing of shear stress by endothelium are the PIEZO1 channel as a mediator of mechanically activated calcium ion entry and the PECAM1 cell adhesion molecule as the apex of a triad with CDH5 and VGFR2. Here, we investigated if there is a relationship. By inserting a non-disruptive tag in native PIEZO1 of mice, we reveal in situ overlap of PIEZO1 with PECAM1. Through reconstitution and high resolution microscopy studies we show that PECAM1 interacts with PIEZO1 and directs it to cell-cell junctions. PECAM1 extracellular N-terminus is critical in this, but a C-terminal intracellular domain linked to shear stress also contributes. CDH5 similarly drives PIEZO1 to junctions but unlike PECAM1 its interaction with PIEZO1 is dynamic, increasing with shear stress. PIEZO1 does not interact with VGFR2. PIEZO1 is required in Ca2+-dependent formation of adherens junctions and associated cytoskeleton, consistent with it conferring force-dependent Ca2+ entry for junctional remodelling. The data suggest a pool of PIEZO1 at cell junctions, the coming together of PIEZO1 and PECAM1 mechanisms and intimate cooperation of PIEZO1 and adhesion molecules in tailoring junctional structure to mechanical requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David J Carrier
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Jian Shi
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah J Gaunt
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Alistair Curd
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - T Simon Futers
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Paul D Baxter
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michelle Peckham
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen P Muench
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Antony Adamson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Neil Humphreys
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sarka Tumova
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Robin S Bon
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Richard Cubbon
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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22
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Xie N, Xiao C, Shu Q, Cheng B, Wang Z, Xue R, Wen Z, Wang J, Shi H, Fan D, Liu N, Xu F. Cell response to mechanical microenvironment cues via Rho signaling: From mechanobiology to mechanomedicine. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:1-20. [PMID: 36717048 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical cues in the cell microenvironment such as those from extracellular matrix properties, stretching, compression and shear stress, play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis. Upon sensing mechanical stimuli, cells can translate these external forces into intracellular biochemical signals to regulate their cellular behaviors, but the specific mechanisms of mechanotransduction at the molecular level remain elusive. As a subfamily of the Ras superfamily, Rho GTPases have been recognized as key intracellular mechanotransduction mediators that can regulate multiple cell activities such as proliferation, migration and differentiation as well as biological processes such as cytoskeletal dynamics, metabolism, and organ development. However, the upstream mechanosensors for Rho proteins and downstream effectors that respond to Rho signal activation have not been well illustrated. Moreover, Rho-mediated mechanical signals in previous studies are highly context-dependent. In this review, we systematically summarize the types of mechanical cues in the cell microenvironment and provide recent advances on the roles of the Rho-based mechanotransduction in various cell activities, physiological processes and diseases. Comprehensive insights into the mechanical roles of Rho GTPase partners would open a new paradigm of mechanomedicine for a variety of diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this review, we highlight the critical role of Rho GTPases as signal mediators to respond to physical cues in microenvironment. This article will add a distinct contribution to this set of knowledge by intensively addressing the relationship between Rho signaling and mechanobiology/mechanotransduction/mechanomedcine. This topic has not been discussed by the journal, nor has it yet been developed by the field. The comprehensive picture that will develop, from molecular mechanisms and engineering methods to disease treatment strategies, represents an important and distinct contribution to the field. We hope that this review would help researchers in various fields, especially clinicians, oncologists and bioengineers, who study Rho signal pathway and mechanobiology/mechanotransduction, understand the critical role of Rho GTPase in mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Cailan Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Qiuai Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Runxin Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zhang Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China; The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China.
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23
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Hrynevich A, Li Y, Cedillo-Servin G, Malda J, Castilho M. (Bio)fabrication of microfluidic devices and organs-on-a-chip. 3D Print Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89831-7.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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24
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He Y, Shiu YT, Imrey PB, Radeva MK, Beck GJ, Gassman JJ, Northrup HM, Roy-Chaudhury P, Berceli SA, Cheung AK. Association of Shear Stress with Subsequent Lumen Remodeling in Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistulas. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 18:72-83. [PMID: 36446600 PMCID: PMC10101625 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.04630422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood flow-induced wall shear stress is a strong local regulator of vascular remodeling, but its effects on arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remodeling are unclear. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we used computational fluid dynamics simulations and statistical mixed-effects modeling to investigate the associations between wall shear stress and AVF remodeling in 120 participants undergoing AVF creation surgery. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging data at 1 day, 6 weeks, and 6 months were used to derive current wall shear stress by computational fluid dynamic simulations and to quantify subsequent changes in AVF lumen cross-sectional area at 1-mm intervals along the proximal artery and AVF vein. RESULTS Combining artery and vein data, prior mean wall shear stress was significantly associated with lumen area expansion. Mean wall shear stress at day 1 was significantly associated with change in lumen area from day 1 to week 6 (11% larger area per interquartile range [IQR] higher mean wall shear stress, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5% to 18%; n =101), and mean wall shear stress at 6 weeks was significantly associated with change in lumen area from 6 weeks to month 6 (14% larger area per IQR higher, 95% CI, 3% to 28%; n =52). The association of mean wall shear stress at day 1 with lumen area expansion from day 1 to week 6 differed significantly by diabetes ( P =0.009): 27% (95% CI, 17% to 37%) larger area per IQR higher mean wall shear stress without diabetes and 9% (95% CI, -1% to 19%) with diabetes. Oscillatory shear index at day 1 was significantly associated with change in lumen area from day 1 to week 6 (5% smaller area per IQR higher oscillatory shear index, 95% CI, 3% to 7%), and oscillatory shear index at 6 weeks was significantly associated with change in lumen from 6 weeks to month 6 (7% smaller area per IQR higher oscillatory shear index, 95% CI, 2% to 11%). Wall shear stress spatial gradient was not significantly associated with subsequent remodeling. In a joint model, wall shear stress and oscillatory shear index statistically significantly interacted in their associations with lumen area expansion in a complex nonlinear fashion. CONCLUSIONS Higher wall shear stress and lower oscillatory shear index were associated with greater lumen expansion after AVF creation surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yan-Ting Shiu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Renal Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Peter B. Imrey
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Milena K. Radeva
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gerald J. Beck
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jennifer J. Gassman
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hannah M. Northrup
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Prabir Roy-Chaudhury
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina
| | - Scott A. Berceli
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Vascular Surgery Section, Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alfred K. Cheung
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Renal Section, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
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25
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de Graaf MNS, Vivas A, Kasi DG, van den Hil FE, van den Berg A, van der Meer AD, Mummery CL, Orlova VV. Multiplexed fluidic circuit board for controlled perfusion of 3D blood vessels-on-a-chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 23:168-181. [PMID: 36484766 PMCID: PMC9764810 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00686c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) blood vessels-on-a-chip (VoC) models integrate the biological complexity of vessel walls with dynamic microenvironmental cues, such as wall shear stress (WSS) and circumferential strain (CS). However, these parameters are difficult to control and are often poorly reproducible due to the high intrinsic diameter variation of individual 3D-VoCs. As a result, the throughput of current 3D systems is one-channel-at-a-time. Here, we developed a fluidic circuit board (FCB) for simultaneous perfusion of up to twelve 3D-VoCs using a single set of control parameters. By designing the internal hydraulic resistances in the FCB appropriately, it was possible to provide a pre-set WSS to all connected 3D-VoCs, despite significant variation in lumen diameters. Using this FCB, we found that variation of CS or WSS induce morphological changes to human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived endothelial cells (ECs) and conclude that control of these parameters using a FCB is necessary to study 3D-VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mees N S de Graaf
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Aisen Vivas
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dhanesh G Kasi
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Francijna E van den Hil
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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26
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Jiang M, Ding H, Huang Y, Wang L. Shear Stress and Metabolic Disorders-Two Sides of the Same Plaque. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:820-841. [PMID: 34148374 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Shear stress and metabolic disorder are the two sides of the same atherosclerotic coin. Atherosclerotic lesions are prone to develop at branches and curvatures of arteries, which are exposed to oscillatory and low shear stress exerted by blood flow. Meanwhile, metabolic disorders are pivotal contributors to the formation and advancement of atherosclerotic plaques. Recent Advances: Accumulated evidence has provided insight into the impact and mechanisms of biomechanical forces and metabolic disorder on atherogenesis, in association with mechanotransduction, epigenetic regulation, and so on. Moreover, recent studies have shed light on the cross talk between the two drivers of atherosclerosis. Critical Issues: There are extensive cross talk and interactions between shear stress and metabolic disorder during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The communications may amplify the proatherogenic effects through increasing oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying such interactions remain to be fully elucidated as the cross talk network is considerably complex. Future Directions: A better understanding of the cross talk network may confer benefits for a more comprehensive clinical management of atherosclerosis. Critical mediators of the cross talk may serve as promising therapeutic targets for atherosclerotic vascular diseases, as they can inhibit effects from both sides of the plaque. Hence, further in-depth investigations with advanced omics approaches are required to develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 820-841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchun Jiang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huanyu Ding
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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27
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Weaver SRC, Rendeiro C, Lucas RAI, Cable NT, Nightingale TE, McGettrick HM, Lucas SJE. Non-pharmacological interventions for vascular health and the role of the endothelium. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2493-2514. [PMID: 36149520 PMCID: PMC9613570 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The most common non-pharmacological intervention for both peripheral and cerebral vascular health is regular physical activity (e.g., exercise training), which improves function across a range of exercise intensities and modalities. Numerous non-exercising approaches have also been suggested to improved vascular function, including repeated ischemic preconditioning (IPC); heat therapy such as hot water bathing and sauna; and pneumatic compression. Chronic adaptive responses have been observed across a number of these approaches, yet the precise mechanisms that underlie these effects in humans are not fully understood. Acute increases in blood flow and circulating signalling factors that induce responses in endothelial function are likely to be key moderators driving these adaptations. While the impact on circulating factors and environmental mechanisms for adaptation may vary between approaches, in essence, they all centre around acutely elevating blood flow throughout the circulation and stimulating improved endothelium-dependent vascular function and ultimately vascular health. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms driving endothelial adaptation to repeated exposure to elevated blood flow, and the interplay between this response and changes in circulating factors. In addition, we will consider the limitations in our current knowledge base and how these may be best addressed through the selection of more physiologically relevant experimental models and research. Ultimately, improving our understanding of the unique impact that non-pharmacological interventions have on the vasculature will allow us to develop superior strategies to tackle declining vascular function across the lifespan, prevent avoidable vascular-related disease, and alleviate dependency on drug-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R C Weaver
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebekah A I Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Timothy Cable
- Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Tom E Nightingale
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Helen M McGettrick
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samuel J E Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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28
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Lai A, Thurgood P, Cox CD, Chheang C, Peter K, Jaworowski A, Khoshmanesh K, Baratchi S. Piezo1 Response to Shear Stress Is Controlled by the Components of the Extracellular Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40559-40568. [PMID: 36047858 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Piezo1 is a recently discovered Ca2+ permeable ion channel that has emerged as an integral sensor of hemodynamic forces within the cardiovascular system, contributing to vascular development and blood pressure regulation. However, how the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) affects the mechanosensitivity of Piezo1 in response to hemodynamic forces remains poorly understood. Using a combination of microfluidics and calcium imaging techniques, we probe the shear stress sensitivity of single HEK293T cells engineered to stably express Piezo1 in the presence of different ECM proteins. Our experiments show that Piezo1 sensitivity to shear stress is not dependent on the presence of ECM proteins. However, different ECM proteins regulate the sensitivity of Piezo1 depending on the shear stress level. Under high shear stress, fibronectin sensitizes Piezo1 response to shear, while under low shear stress, Piezo1 mechanosensitivity is improved in the presence of collagen types I and IV and laminin. Moreover, we report that α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins are involved in Piezo1 sensitivity at high shear, while αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins are involved in regulating the Piezo1 response at low shear stress. These results demonstrate that the ECM/integrin interactions influence Piezo1 mechanosensitivity and could represent a mechanism whereby extracellular forces are transmitted to Piezo1 channels, providing new insights into the mechanism by which Piezo1 senses shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Lai
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Chanly Chheang
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
| | | | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3082, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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29
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Agri-Food Waste from Apple, Pear, and Sugar Beet as a Source of Protective Bioactive Molecules for Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Major Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091786. [PMID: 36139860 PMCID: PMC9495678 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial damage is recognized as the initial step that precedes several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. It has been demonstrated that the best treatment for CVD is prevention, and, in the frame of a healthy lifestyle, the consumption of vegetables, rich in bioactive molecules, appears effective at reducing the risk of CVD. In this context, the large amount of agri-food industry waste, considered a global problem due to its environmental and economic impact, represents an unexplored source of bioactive compounds. This review provides a summary regarding the possible exploitation of waste or by-products derived by the processing of three traditional Italian crops-apple, pear, and sugar beet-as a source of bioactive molecules to protect endothelial function. Particular attention has been given to the bioactive chemical profile of these pomaces and their efficacy in various pathological conditions related to endothelial dysfunction. The waste matrices of apple, pear, and sugar beet crops can represent promising starting material for producing "upcycled" products with functional applications, such as the prevention of endothelial dysfunction linked to cardiovascular diseases.
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30
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Foote CA, Soares RN, Ramirez-Perez FI, Ghiarone T, Aroor A, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. Endothelial Glycocalyx. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3781-3811. [PMID: 35997082 PMCID: PMC10214841 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a polysaccharide structure that protrudes from the body of a cell. It is primarily conformed of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which provide communication, electrostatic charge, ionic buffering, permeability, and mechanosensation-mechanotransduction capabilities to cells. In blood vessels, the endothelial glycocalyx that projects into the vascular lumen separates the vascular wall from the circulating blood. Such a physical location allows a number of its components, including sialic acid, glypican-1, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan, to participate in the mechanosensation-mechanotransduction of blood flow-dependent shear stress, which results in the synthesis of nitric oxide and flow-mediated vasodilation. The endothelial glycocalyx also participates in the regulation of vascular permeability and the modulation of inflammatory responses, including the processes of leukocyte rolling and extravasation. Its structural architecture and negative charge work to prevent macromolecules greater than approximately 70 kDa and cationic molecules from binding and flowing out of the vasculature. This also prevents the extravasation of pathogens such as bacteria and virus, as well as that of tumor cells. Due to its constant exposure to shear and circulating enzymes such as neuraminidase, heparanase, hyaluronidase, and matrix metalloproteinases, the endothelial glycocalyx is in a continuous process of degradation and renovation. A balance favoring degradation is associated with a variety of pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular aging, metastatic cancer, and diabetic vasculopathies. Consequently, ongoing research efforts are focused on deciphering the mechanisms that promote glycocalyx degradation or limit its syntheses, as well as on therapeutic approaches to improve glycocalyx integrity with the goal of reducing vascular disease. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-31, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rogerio N. Soares
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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31
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On non-Kolmogorov turbulence in blood flow and its possible role in mechanobiological stimulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13166. [PMID: 35915207 PMCID: PMC9343407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of turbulence in physiologic blood flow is important due to its strong relevance to endothelial mechanobiology and vascular disease. Recently, Saqr et al. (Sci Rep 10, 15,492, 2020) discovered non-Kolmogorov turbulence in physiologic blood flow in vivo, traced its origins to the Navier–Stokes equation and demonstrated some of its properties using chaos and hydrodynamic-stability theories. The present work extends these findings and investigates some inherent characteristics of non-Kolmogorov turbulence in monoharmonic and multiharmonic pulsatile flow under ideal physiologic conditions. The purpose of this work is to propose a conjecture for the origins for picoNewton forces that are known to regulate endothelial cells’ functions. The new conjecture relates these forces to physiologic momentum-viscous interactions in the near-wall region of the flow. Here, we used high-resolution large eddy simulation (HRLES) to study pulsatile incompressible flow in a straight pipe of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$L/D=20$$\end{document}L/D=20. The simulations presented Newtonian and Carreau–Yasuda fluid flows, at \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$R{e}_{m}\approx 250$$\end{document}Rem≈250, each represented by one, two and three boundary harmonics. Comparison was established based on maintaining constant time-averaged mass flow rate in all simulations. First, we report the effect of primary harmonics on the global power budget using primitive variables in phase space. Second, we describe the non-Kolmogorov turbulence in frequency domain. Third, we investigate the near-wall coherent structures in time and space domains. Finally, we propose a new conjecture for the role of turbulence in endothelial cells’ mechanobiology. The proposed conjecture correlates near-wall turbulence to a force field of picoNewton scale, suggesting possible relevance to endothelial cells mechanobiology.
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Horst B, Pradhan S, Chaudhary R, Listik E, Quintero-Macias L, Choi AS, Southard M, Liu Y, Whitaker R, Hempel N, Berchuck A, Nixon AB, Lee NY, Henis YI, Mythreye K. Hypoxia-induced inhibin promotes tumor growth and vascular permeability in ovarian cancers. Commun Biol 2022; 5:536. [PMID: 35654828 PMCID: PMC9163327 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a driver of tumor growth and metastasis, regulates angiogenic pathways that are targets for vessel normalization and ovarian cancer management. However, toxicities and resistance to anti-angiogenics can limit their use making identification of new targets vital. Inhibin, a heteromeric TGFβ ligand, is a contextual regulator of tumor progression acting as an early tumor suppressor, yet also an established biomarker for ovarian cancers. Here, we find that hypoxia increases inhibin levels in ovarian cancer cell lines, xenograft tumors, and patients. Inhibin is regulated primarily through HIF-1, shifting the balance under hypoxia from activins to inhibins. Hypoxia regulated inhibin promotes tumor growth, endothelial cell invasion and permeability. Targeting inhibin in vivo through knockdown and anti-inhibin strategies robustly reduces permeability in vivo and alters the balance of pro and anti-angiogenic mechanisms resulting in vascular normalization. Mechanistically, inhibin regulates permeability by increasing VE-cadherin internalization via ACVRL1 and CD105, a receptor complex that we find to be stabilized directly by inhibin. Our findings demonstrate direct roles for inhibins in vascular normalization via TGF-β receptors providing new insights into the therapeutic significance of inhibins as a strategy to normalize the tumor vasculature in ovarian cancer. Hypoxia increases levels of the heteromeric TGFβ ligand inhibin in ovarian cancer and inhibin promotes tumor growth, endothelial cell invasion and permeability.
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Chehaitly A, Guihot AL, Proux C, Grimaud L, Aurrière J, Legouriellec B, Rivron J, Vessieres E, Tétaud C, Zorzano A, Procaccio V, Joubaud F, Reynier P, Lenaers G, Loufrani L, Henrion D. Altered Mitochondrial Opa1-Related Fusion in Mouse Promotes Endothelial Cell Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061078. [PMID: 35739974 PMCID: PMC9219969 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flow (shear stress)-mediated dilation (FMD) of resistance arteries is a rapid endothelial response involved in tissue perfusion. FMD is reduced early in cardiovascular diseases, generating a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. As alteration of mitochondrial fusion reduces endothelial cells’ (ECs) sprouting and angiogenesis, we investigated its role in ECs responses to flow. Opa1 silencing reduced ECs (HUVECs) migration and flow-mediated elongation. In isolated perfused resistance arteries, FMD was reduced in Opa1+/− mice, a model of the human disease due to Opa1 haplo-insufficiency, and in mice with an EC specific Opa1 knock-out (EC-Opa1). Reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress restored FMD in EC-Opa1 mice. In isolated perfused kidneys from EC-Opa1 mice, flow induced a greater pressure, less ATP, and more H2O2 production, compared to control mice. Opa1 expression and mitochondrial length were reduced in ECs submitted in vitro to disturbed flow and in vivo in the atheroprone zone of the mouse aortic cross. Aortic lipid deposition was greater in Ldlr−/--Opa1+/- and in Ldlr−/--EC-Opa1 mice than in control mice fed with a high-fat diet. In conclusion, we found that reduction in mitochondrial fusion in mouse ECs altered the dilator response to shear stress due to excessive superoxide production and induced greater atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Chehaitly
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Anne-Laure Guihot
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Coralyne Proux
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Linda Grimaud
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Jade Aurrière
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Benoit Legouriellec
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Jordan Rivron
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Emilie Vessieres
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Clément Tétaud
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10–12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biologie, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France;
| | - Françoise Joubaud
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France;
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France;
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France;
| | - Laurent Loufrani
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
| | - Daniel Henrion
- MITOVASC Department, Team 2 (CarMe), ICAT SFR, University of Angers, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France; (A.C.); (A.-L.G.); (C.P.); (L.G.); (J.A.); (B.L.); (J.R.); (E.V.); (C.T.); (V.P.); (P.R.); (G.L.); (L.L.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1083, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6015, 3 rue Roger Amsler, F-49500 Angers, France
- University Hospital (CHU) of Angers, 4 rue Larrey, F-49933 Angers, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-41-73-58-45
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Thurgood P, Chheang C, Needham S, Pirogova E, Peter K, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Generation of dynamic vortices in a microfluidic system incorporating stenosis barrier by tube oscillation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1917-1928. [PMID: 35420623 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00135g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems incorporating sudden expansions are widely used for generation of vortex flow patterns. However, the formation of vortices requires high flow rates to induce inertial effects. Here, we introduce a new method for generating dynamic vortices in microfluidics at low static flow rates. Human blood is driven through a microfluidic channel incorporating a semi-circular stenosis barrier. The inlet tube of the channel is axially oscillated using a computer-controlled audio-speaker. The tube oscillation induces high transient flow rates in the channel, which generates dynamic vortices across the stenosis barrier. The size of the vortices can be modulated by varying the frequency and amplitude of tube oscillation. Various vortex flow patterns can be generated by varying the flow rate. The formation and size of the vortices can be predicted using the Reynolds number of the oscillating tube. We demonstrate the potential application of the system for investigating the adhesion and phagocytosis of circulating immune cells under pathologically high shear rates induced at the stenosis. This approach facilitates the development of versatile and controllable inertial microfluidic systems for performing various cellular assays while operating at low static flow rates and low sample volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Chanly Chheang
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Scott Needham
- Leading Technology Group, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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35
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis: common mechanisms and novel therapeutics. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:405-423. [PMID: 35319068 PMCID: PMC8968302 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and atherosclerosis are chronic irreversible diseases, that share a number of common causative factors including cigarette smoking. Atherosclerosis drastically impairs blood flow and oxygen availability to tissues, leading to life-threatening outcomes including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Patients with COPD are most likely to die as a result of a cardiovascular event, with 30% of all COPD-related deaths being attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Both atherosclerosis and COPD involve significant local (i.e. lung, vasculature) and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, of which current pharmacological treatments have limited efficacy, hence the urgency for the development of novel life-saving therapeutics. Currently these diseases must be treated individually, with no therapies available that can effectively reduce the likelihood of comorbid CVD other than cessation of cigarette smoking. In this review, the important mechanisms that drive atherosclerosis and CVD in people with COPD are explained and we propose that modulation of both the oxidative stress and the inflammatory burden will provide a novel therapeutic strategy to treat both the pulmonary and systemic manifestations related to these diseases.
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Hua Y, Zhang J, Liu Q, Su J, Zhao Y, Zheng G, Yang Z, Zhuo D, Ma C, Fan G. The Induction of Endothelial Autophagy and Its Role in the Development of Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:831847. [PMID: 35402552 PMCID: PMC8983858 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.831847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention is now being paid to the important role played by autophagic flux in maintaining normal blood vessel walls. Endothelial cell dysfunction initiates the development of atherosclerosis. In the endothelium, a variety of critical triggers ranging from shear stress to circulating blood lipids promote autophagy. Furthermore, emerging evidence links autophagy to a range of important physiological functions such as redox homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and the secretion of vasomodulatory substances that determine the life and death of endothelial cells. Thus, the promotion of autophagy in endothelial cells may have the potential for treating atherosclerosis. This paper reviews the role of endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and explores the molecular mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Hua
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Su
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guobin Zheng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Danping Zhuo
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Dayawansa NH, Baratchi S, Peter K. Uncoupling the Vicious Cycle of Mechanical Stress and Inflammation in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:783543. [PMID: 35355968 PMCID: PMC8959593 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.783543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a common acquired valvulopathy, which carries a high burden of mortality. Chronic inflammation has been postulated as the predominant pathophysiological process underlying CAVD. So far, no effective medical therapies exist to halt the progression of CAVD. This review aims to outline the known pathways of inflammation and calcification in CAVD, focussing on the critical roles of mechanical stress and mechanosensing in the perpetuation of valvular inflammation. Following initiation of valvular inflammation, dysregulation of proinflammatory and osteoregulatory signalling pathways stimulates endothelial-mesenchymal transition of valvular endothelial cells (VECs) and differentiation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs) into active myofibroblastic and osteoblastic phenotypes, which in turn mediate valvular extracellular matrix remodelling and calcification. Mechanosensitive signalling pathways convert mechanical forces experienced by valve leaflets and circulating cells into biochemical signals and may provide the positive feedback loop that promotes acceleration of disease progression in the advanced stages of CAVD. Mechanosensing is implicated in multiple aspects of CAVD pathophysiology. The mechanosensitive RhoA/ROCK and YAP/TAZ systems are implicated in aortic valve leaflet mineralisation in response to increased substrate stiffness. Exposure of aortic valve leaflets, endothelial cells and platelets to high shear stress results in increased expression of mediators of VIC differentiation. Upregulation of the Piezo1 mechanoreceptor has been demonstrated to promote inflammation in CAVD, which normalises following transcatheter valve replacement. Genetic variants and inhibition of Notch signalling accentuate VIC responses to altered mechanical stresses. The study of mechanosensing pathways has revealed promising insights into the mechanisms that perpetuate inflammation and calcification in CAVD. Mechanotransduction of altered mechanical stresses may provide the sought-after coupling link that drives a vicious cycle of chronic inflammation in CAVD. Mechanosensing pathways may yield promising targets for therapeutic interventions and prognostic biomarkers with the potential to improve the management of CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin H. Dayawansa
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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38
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Fluid Flow and Structural Numerical Analysis of a Cerebral Aneurysm Model. FLUIDS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fluids7030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IA) are dilations of the cerebral arteries and, in most cases, have no symptoms. However, it is a very serious pathology, with a high mortality rate after rupture. Several studies have been focused only on the hemodynamics of the flow within the IA. However, besides the effect of the flow, the development and rupture of the IA are also associated with a combination of other factors such as the wall mechanical behavior. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze, in addition to the flow behavior, the biomechanical behavior of the aneurysm wall. For this, CFD simulations were performed for different Reynolds numbers (1, 100, 500 and 1000) and for two different rheological models (Newtonian and Carreau). Subsequently, the pressure values of the fluid simulations were exported to the structural simulations in order to qualitatively observe the deformations, strains, normal stresses and shear stress generated in the channel wall. For the structural simulations, a hyperelastic constitutive model (5-parameter Mooney–Rivlin) was used. The results show that with the increase in the Reynolds number (Re), the recirculation phenomenon is more pronounced, which is not seen for Re = 1. The higher the Re, the higher the strain, displacement, normal and shear stresses values.
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Bartoli F, Debant M, Chuntharpursat-Bon E, Evans EL, Musialowski KE, Parsonage G, Morley LC, Futers TS, Sukumar P, Bowen TS, Kearney MT, Lichtenstein L, Roberts LD, Beech DJ. Endothelial Piezo1 sustains muscle capillary density and contributes to physical activity. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:141775. [PMID: 35025768 PMCID: PMC8884896 DOI: 10.1172/jci141775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezo1 forms mechanically activated nonselective cation channels that contribute to endothelial response to fluid flow. Here we reveal an important role in the control of capillary density. Conditional endothelial cell-specific deletion of Piezo1 in adult mice depressed physical performance. Muscle microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis and capillary rarefaction were evident and sufficient to account for the effect on performance. There was selective upregulation of thrombospondin-2 (TSP2), an inducer of endothelial cell apoptosis, with no effect on TSP1, a related important player in muscle physiology. TSP2 was poorly expressed in muscle endothelial cells but robustly expressed in muscle pericytes, in which nitric oxide (NO) repressed the Tsp2 gene without an effect on Tsp1. In endothelial cells, Piezo1 was required for normal expression of endothelial NO synthase. The data suggest an endothelial cell-pericyte partnership of muscle in which endothelial Piezo1 senses blood flow to sustain capillary density and thereby maintain physical capability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T. Scott Bowen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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40
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Conijn M, Krings GJ. Understanding stenotic pulmonary arteries: Can computational fluid dynamics help us out? PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2021.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Seymour AJ, Westerfield AD, Cornelius VC, Skylar-Scott MA, Heilshorn SC. Bioprinted microvasculature: progressing from structure to function. Biofabrication 2022; 14:10.1088/1758-5090/ac4fb5. [PMID: 35086069 PMCID: PMC8988885 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac4fb5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting seeks to unlock the rapid generation of complex tissue constructs, but long-standing challenges with efficientin vitromicrovascularization must be solved before this can become a reality. Microvasculature is particularly challenging to biofabricate due to the presence of a hollow lumen, a hierarchically branched network topology, and a complex signaling milieu. All of these characteristics are required for proper microvascular-and, thus, tissue-function. While several techniques have been developed to address distinct portions of this microvascularization challenge, no single approach is capable of simultaneously recreating all three microvascular characteristics. In this review, we present a three-part framework that proposes integration of existing techniques to generate mature microvascular constructs. First, extrusion-based 3D bioprinting creates a mesoscale foundation of hollow, endothelialized channels. Second, biochemical and biophysical cues induce endothelial sprouting to create a capillary-mimetic network. Third, the construct is conditioned to enhance network maturity. Across all three of these stages, we highlight the potential for extrusion-based bioprinting to become a central technique for engineering hierarchical microvasculature. We envision that the successful biofabrication of functionally engineered microvasculature will address a critical need in tissue engineering, and propel further advances in regenerative medicine andex vivohuman tissue modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Seymour
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Shriram Center Room 119, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ashley D. Westerfield
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Shriram Center Room 119, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vincent C. Cornelius
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Shriram Center Room 119, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark A. Skylar-Scott
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Shriram Center Room 119, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sarah C. Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, 476 Lomita Mall, McCullough Room 246, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Endothelial Cell Plasma Membrane Biomechanics Mediates Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Factors on Endothelial Mechanosensors: Vicious Circle Formation in Atherogenic Inflammation. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020205. [PMID: 35207126 PMCID: PMC8877251 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. In endothelial cells (ECs), anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory signaling can be induced by different patterns of the fluid shear stress (SS) exerted by blood flow on ECs. Laminar blood flow with high magnitude is anti-inflammatory, while disturbed flow and laminar flow with low magnitude is pro-inflammatory. Endothelial mechanosensors are the key upstream signaling proteins in SS-induced pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Being transmembrane proteins, mechanosensors, not only experience fluid SS but also become regulated by the biomechanical properties of the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton. We review the apparent effects of pro-inflammatory factors (hypoxia, oxidative stress, hypercholesterolemia, and cytokines) on the biomechanics of the lipid bilayer and the cytoskeleton. An analysis of the available data suggests that the formation of a vicious circle may occur, in which pro-inflammatory cytokines enhance and attenuate SS-induced pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling, respectively.
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Duan H, Li R, Peng W, Wu C. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling: An important molecular mechanism of herbal medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis via the protection of vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress. J Adv Res 2022; 34:43-63. [PMID: 35024180 PMCID: PMC8655139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, Nrf2/HO-1 has received extensive attention as the main regulatory pathway of intracellular defense against oxidative stress and is considered an ideal target for alleviating endothelial cell (EC) injury. Objectives This paper aimed to summarized the natural monomers/extracts that potentially exert protective effects against oxidative stress in ECs. Methods A literature search was carried out regarding our topic with the keywords of “atherosclerosis” or “Nrf2/HO-1” or “vascular endothelial cells” or “oxidative stress” or “Herbal medicine” or “natural products” or “natural extracts” or “natural compounds” or “traditional Chinese medicines” based on classic books of herbal medicine and scientific databases including Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science, GoogleScholar, BaiduScholar, and others. Then, we analyzed the possible molecular mechanisms for different types of natural compounds in the treatment of atherosclerosis via the protection of vascular endothelial cells from oxidative stress. In addition, perspectives for possible future studies are discussed. Results These agents with protective effects against oxidative stress in ECs mainly include phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Most of these agents alleviate cell apoptosis in ECs due to oxidative stress, and the mechanisms are related to Nrf2/HO-1 signaling activation. However, despite continued progress in research on various aspects of natural agents exerting protective effects against EC injury by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, the development of new drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS) and other CVDs based on these agents will require more detailed preclinical and clinical studies. Conclusion Our present paper provides updated information of natural agents with protective activities on ECs against oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1. We hope this review will provide some directions for the further development of novel candidate drugs from natural agents for the treatment of AS and other CVDs.
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Key Words
- 7-HMR, (−)-7(S)-hydroxymatairesinol
- ADH, andrographolide
- AGE, advanced glycation end product
- AMP, Athyrium Multidentatum
- APV, aqueous extracts of Prunella Vulgaris
- ARE, antioxidant reaction elements
- AS, atherosclerosis
- ASD-IV, Astragaloside IV
- ASP, Angelica sinensis polysaccharide
- ASTP, Astragalus polysacharin
- Akt, protein kinase B
- Ang, Angiotensin
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- Atherosclerosis
- BAECs, bovine artery endothelial cells
- BBR, Berberine
- BITC, benzyl isothiocyanate
- C3G, Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside
- CINM, Cinnamaldehyde
- CNC, Cap'n'collar
- CREB, cAMP-response element binding protein
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- CVRF, cardiovascular risk factors
- DMY, Dihydromyricetin
- ECC, (−)-Epicatechin
- ECs, endothelial cells
- EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
- ERK, extracellular regulated protein kinases
- ET, endothelin
- EXS, Xanthoceras sorbifolia
- FFA, Fatty Acids
- GPx, Glutathione peroxidase
- GSD Rg1, Ginsenoside Rg1
- GTE, Ganoderma tsugae extracts
- Gau A, Glaucocalyxin A
- HAMS, human anthocyanin medicated serum
- HG, high glucose
- HIF-1, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
- HO-1, heme oxygenase
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- HXC, Huoxue capsule
- Hcy, Homocysteine
- Herbal medicine
- ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecule
- IL, interleukin
- KGRE, extracts of KGR
- KRG, Korean red ginseng
- Keap1, kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related proteins
- LWDH, Liuwei-Dihuang pill
- MA, maslinic acid
- MAPKK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase
- MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases
- MCGA3, 3-O-caffeoyl-1-methylquinic acid
- MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein 1
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases
- Molecular mechanism
- NAF, Nepeta Angustifolia
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-B
- NG, naringenin
- NQO1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2
- Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
- OA, Oleanolic acid
- OMT, Oxymatrine
- OX-LDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein
- Oxidative stress
- PA, Palmitate
- PAA, Pachymic acid
- PAI-1, plasminogen activator Inhibitor-1
- PEITC, phenethyl isocyanate
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase
- PKC, protein kinase C
- PT, Pterostilbene
- RBPC, phenolic extracts derived from rice bran
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SAL, Salidroside
- SFN, sulforaphane
- SMT, Samul-Tang Tang
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Sal B, salvianolic acid B
- SchB, Schisandrin B
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TXA2, Thromboxane A2
- TrxR1, thioredoxin reductase-1
- US, uraemic serum
- VA, Vanillic acid
- VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule
- VEC, vascular endothelial cells
- VEI, vascular endothelial injury
- Vascular endothelial cells
- XAG, xanthoangelol
- XXT, Xueshuan Xinmaining Tablet
- Z-Lig, Z-ligustilide
- eNOS, endothelial NO synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Huxinyue Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Ruolan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Chunjie Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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Investigate the degradable behavior of a poly (glycolide-co-trimethylene carbonate) suture material used in a vascular surgery. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sunderland K, Jiang J, Zhao F. Disturbed flow's impact on cellular changes indicative of vascular aneurysm initiation, expansion, and rupture: A pathological and methodological review. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:278-300. [PMID: 34486114 PMCID: PMC8810685 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aneurysms are malformations within the arterial vasculature brought on by the structural breakdown of the microarchitecture of the vessel wall, with aneurysms posing serious health risks in the event of their rupture. Blood flow within vessels is generally laminar with high, unidirectional wall shear stressors that modulate vascular endothelial cell functionality and regulate vascular smooth muscle cells. However, altered vascular geometry induced by bifurcations, significant curvature, stenosis, or clinical interventions can alter the flow, generating low stressor disturbed flow patterns. Disturbed flow is associated with altered cellular morphology, upregulated expression of proteins modulating inflammation, decreased regulation of vascular permeability, degraded extracellular matrix, and heightened cellular apoptosis. The understanding of the effects disturbed flow has on the cellular cascades which initiate aneurysms and promote their subsequent growth can further elucidate the nature of this complex pathology. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the disturbed flow and its relation to aneurysm pathology, the methods used to investigate these relations, as well as how such knowledge has impacted clinical treatment methodologies. This information can contribute to the understanding of the development, growth, and rupture of aneurysms and help develop novel research and aneurysmal treatment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sunderland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931
| | - Jingfeng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931,Corresponding Authors: Feng Zhao, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77843-312, Tel : 979-458-1239, , Jingfeng Jiang, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, Tel: 906-487-1943
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843,Corresponding Authors: Feng Zhao, 101 Bizzell Street, College Station, TX 77843-312, Tel : 979-458-1239, , Jingfeng Jiang, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931, Tel: 906-487-1943
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Azzoni E, Frontera V, Anselmi G, Rode C, James C, Deltcheva EM, Demian AS, Brown J, Barone C, Patelli A, Harman JR, Nicholls M, Conway SJ, Morrissey E, Jacobsen SEW, Sparrow DB, Harris AL, Enver T, de Bruijn MFTR. The onset of circulation triggers a metabolic switch required for endothelial to hematopoietic transition. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110103. [PMID: 34910918 PMCID: PMC8692754 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge during development from the vascular wall of the main embryonic arteries. The onset of circulation triggers several processes that provide critical external factors for HSC generation. Nevertheless, it is not fully understood how and when the onset of circulation affects HSC emergence. Here we show that in Ncx1-/- mouse embryos devoid of circulation the HSC lineage develops until the phenotypic pro-HSC stage. However, these cells reside in an abnormal microenvironment, fail to activate the hematopoietic program downstream of Runx1, and are functionally impaired. Single-cell transcriptomics shows that during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, Ncx1-/- cells fail to undergo a glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation metabolic switch present in wild-type cells. Interestingly, experimental activation of glycolysis results in decreased intraembryonic hematopoiesis. Our results suggest that the onset of circulation triggers metabolic changes that allow HSC generation to proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Azzoni
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Vincent Frontera
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Giorgio Anselmi
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christina Rode
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Chela James
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Elitza M Deltcheva
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Atanasiu S Demian
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - John Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Cristiana Barone
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Arianna Patelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Joe R Harman
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Matthew Nicholls
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simon J Conway
- HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN 46033, USA
| | - Edward Morrissey
- MRC WIMM Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Department of Medicine, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Duncan B Sparrow
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Tariq Enver
- Department of Cancer Biology, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, WC1E 6DD, UK; Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Marella F T R de Bruijn
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
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Burgers LD, Luong B, Li Y, Fabritius MP, Michalakis S, Reichel CA, Müller R, Fürst R. The natural product vioprolide A exerts anti-inflammatory actions through inhibition of its cellular target NOP14 and downregulation of importin-dependent NF-ĸB p65 nuclear translocation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112255. [PMID: 34607110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is characterized by persisting leukocyte infiltration of the affected tissue, which is enabled by activated endothelial cells (ECs). Chronic inflammatory diseases remain a major pharmacotherapeutic challenge, and thus the search for novel drugs and drug targets is an ongoing demand. We have identified the natural product vioprolide A (vioA) to exert anti-inflammatory actions in vivo and in ECs in vitro through inhibition of its cellular target nucleolar protein 14 (NOP14). VioA attenuated the infiltration of microglia and macrophages during laser-induced murine choroidal neovascularization and the leukocyte trafficking through the vascular endothelium in the murine cremaster muscle. Mechanistic studies revealed that vioA downregulates EC adhesion molecules and the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) 1 by decreasing the de novo protein synthesis in ECs. Most importantly, we found that inhibition of importin-dependent NF-ĸB p65 nuclear translocation is a crucial part of the action of vioA leading to reduced NF-ĸB promotor activity and inflammatory gene expression. Knockdown experiments revealed a causal link between the cellular target NOP14 and the anti-inflammatory action of vioA, classifying the natural product as unique drug lead for anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa D Burgers
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Betty Luong
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yanfen Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias P Fabritius
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Clinical Centre of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph A Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Clinical Centre of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research and Department of Pharmacy at Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robert Fürst
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany.
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48
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Long RKM, Piatti L, Korbmacher F, Bernabeu M. Understanding parasite-brain microvascular interactions with engineered 3D blood-brain barrier models. Mol Microbiol 2021; 117:693-704. [PMID: 34837419 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbial interactions with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be highly pathogenic and are still not well understood. Among these, parasites present complex interactions with the brain microvasculature that are difficult to decipher using experimental animal models or reductionist 2D in vitro cultures. Novel 3D engineered blood-brain barrier models hold great promise to overcome limitations in traditional research approaches. These models better mimic the intricate 3D architecture of the brain microvasculature and recapitulate several aspects of BBB properties, physiology, and function. Moreover, they provide improved control over biophysical and biochemical experimental parameters and are compatible with advanced imaging and molecular biology techniques. Here, we review design considerations and methodologies utilized to successfully engineer BBB microvessels. Finally, we highlight the advantages and limitations of existing engineered models and propose applications to study parasite interactions with the BBB, including mechanisms of barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory K M Long
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Livia Piatti
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Bernabeu
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Thurgood P, Concilia G, Tran N, Nguyen N, Hawke AJ, Pirogova E, Jex AR, Peter K, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Generation of programmable dynamic flow patterns in microfluidics using audio signals. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:4672-4684. [PMID: 34739024 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00568e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Customised audio signals, such as musical notes, can be readily generated by audio software on smartphones and played over audio speakers. Audio speakers translate electrical signals into the mechanical motion of the speaker cone. Coupling the inlet tube to the speaker cone causes the harmonic oscillation of the tube, which in turn changes the velocity profile and flow rate. We employ this strategy for generating programmable dynamic flow patterns in microfluidics. We show the generation of customised rib and vortex patterns through the application of multi-tone audio signals in water-based and whole blood samples. We demonstrate the precise capability to control the number and extent of the ribs and vortices by simply setting the frequency ratio of two- and three-tone audio signals. We exemplify potential applications of tube oscillation for studying the functional responses of circulating immune cells under pathophysiological shear rates. The system is programmable, compact, low-cost, biocompatible, and durable. These features make it suitable for a variety of applications across chemistry, biology, and physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | - Nhiem Tran
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ngan Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Adam J Hawke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Aaron R Jex
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
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Nguyen N, Thurgood P, Sekar NC, Chen S, Pirogova E, Peter K, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Microfluidic models of the human circulatory system: versatile platforms for exploring mechanobiology and disease modeling. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:769-786. [PMID: 34777617 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human circulatory system is a marvelous fluidic system, which is very sensitive to biophysical and biochemical cues. The current animal and cell culture models do not recapitulate the functional properties of the human circulatory system, limiting our ability to fully understand the complex biological processes underlying the dysfunction of this multifaceted system. In this review, we discuss the unique ability of microfluidic systems to recapitulate the biophysical, biochemical, and functional properties of the human circulatory system. We also describe the remarkable capacity of microfluidic technologies for exploring the complex mechanobiology of the cardiovascular system, mechanistic studying of cardiovascular diseases, and screening cardiovascular drugs with the additional benefit of reducing the need for animal models. We also discuss opportunities for further advancement in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngan Nguyen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nadia Chandra Sekar
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Sheng Chen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elena Pirogova
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Australia
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