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Ibor OR, Khan EA, Arkuwe A. A bioanalytical approach for assessing the effects of soil extracts from solid waste dumpsite in Calabar (Nigeria) on lipid and estrogenic signaling of fish Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocellular carcinoma-1 cells in vitro and in vivo African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:774-789. [PMID: 37504673 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2240839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In applying bioanalytical approaches, the aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of contaminants derived from a solid waste dumpsite in Calabar (Nigeria), by investigating the alterations of lipid and estrogen signaling pathways in Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocellular carcinoma-1 (PLHC-1) cells and compared to in vivo African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), using polar, nonpolar and elutriate extraction methods. Cells were exposed for 48 hr period to different concentrations of the contaminant extracts. The PLHC-1 cells were evaluated for lipid responses as follows adipoRed assay, retinoid x receptor (rxr), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor isoforms (ppar-α and γ), estrogen receptor (er-α) and vitellogenin (vtg) transcripts. The lipid signaling activation was also assessed in vivo using C. gariepinus, where hepatic levels of ppar-α were determined at both transcript and functional proteins levels. Data showed variable-, extract type and concentration-specific elevations in mRNA and protein levels for lipidomic and estrogenic effects. These effects were either biphasic at low and high concentrations, depending upon extract type, or concentration-dependent elevations. In general, these toxicological responses may be attributed to soil organic and inorganic contaminants burden previously derived from the dumpsite. Thus, our data demonstrate a unique lipid and endocrine-disruptive chemical (EDC) effects of each soil extract, suggesting multiple and complex contaminant interactions in the environment and biota. Analysis of numerous soil- or sediment-bound contaminants have numerous limitations and cost implications for developing countries. Our approach provides a bioanalytical protocol and endpoints for measuring the metabolic and EDC effects of complex environmental matrices for ecotoxicological assessment and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oju Richard Ibor
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Essa Ahsan Khan
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augustine Arkuwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Liang Y, Gong Y, Jiang Q, Yu Y, Zhang J. Environmental endocrine disruptors and pregnane X receptor action: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113976. [PMID: 37532173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a kind of orphan nuclear receptor activated by a series of ligands. Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are a wide class of molecules present in the environment that are suspected to have adverse effects on the endocrine system by interfering with the synthesis, transport, degradation, or action of endogenous hormones. Since EEDs may modulate human/rodent PXR, this review aims to summarize EEDs as PXR modulators, including agonists and antagonists. The modular structure of PXR is also described, interestingly, the pharmacology of PXR have been confirmed to vary among different species. Furthermore, PXR play a key role in the regulation of endocrine function. Endocrine disruption of EEDs via PXR and its related pathways are systematically summarized. In brief, this review may provide a way to understand the roles of EEDs in interaction with the nuclear receptors (such as PXR) and the related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Lu Y, Liu X, Zhao Z, Ou X, Yang Y, Wei Q, Chen J, Jiang J, Sun Y, Zhao H, Wu S, He Y. Telomere length in peripheral leukocytes is a sensitive marker for assessing genetic damage among workers exposed to isopropanol, lead and noise: the case of an electronics manufacturer. Genes Environ 2021; 43:57. [PMID: 34915934 PMCID: PMC8675447 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workers in electronics manufacturers may be exposed to various occupational hazards such as isopropanol, lead, and noise. Telomeres are special segments of cap-like DNA protein complex at end of liner chromosomes in eukaryotic cells. Telomere length is a potential marker of genetic damage. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of occupational hazards on the relative telomere length (rTL) of peripheral blood cells of workers in an electronics manufacturer, and to explore whether relative telomere length could be a biomarker for assessing genetic damage in the electronics manufacturing industry. METHODS We investigated a large-scale electronics manufacturer in the Pearl River Delta Region. We ultimately collected 699 qualified workers (248 with isopropanol exposure, 182 with lead exposure, 157 with noise exposure, and 112 controls). During physical examination of the workers, we gave them questionnaires to understand their health statuses and living habits. We also collected peripheral blood samples from these workers to test exposure levels and rTL in the leucocytes. RESULTS The concentrations of air isopropanol in all monitored workshops was 25.3 mg/m3 and air lead smoke was 0.020 mg/m3. The maximum equivalent continuous A sound level noise exposure position was 82.2dB (A). All were lower than those in the Occupational Exposure Limits in Workplaces in China. Urinary acetone in the isopropanol exposed group was 1.04 (0, 1.50) mg/L, and cumulative urinary acetone was 1.48 (0, 5.09) mg-years/L. Blood lead levels (BLLs) were 28.57 (22.77, 37.06) µg/dL, and cumulative blood lead levels (CBLLs) were 92.75 (55.47, 165.13) µg-years/dL. rTL was different between occupational exposed workers and controls: rTL was 0.140 units (95 % CI: 0.022, 0.259) shorter in lead exposed workers and 0.467 units (95 % CI: 0.276-0.658) shorter in noise exposed workers compared to the controls. There is no statistical difference in rTL between isopropanol exposure workers and the controls. In order to elucidate the relationship between rTL and occupational hazards exposure, we divided the isopropanol exposure workers into three groups (0, ~1.43 mg/L, and >1.43 mg/L). None of the rTL difference was statistically significant among exposed workers at different uroacetone levels (P>0.05). The groups with ≥100 µg/dL blood lead had shorter rTL than the group with blood lead below 100 µg/dL (F=4.422, P=0.013). We incorporated age, gender, birthplace, race, education level, smoking, and alcohol consumption into the linear regression equation. Only blood lead concentration (X) was entered into the regression equation, yielding a multivariate linear regression equation of Y=0.397-0.124X (F=8.091, P=0.005). Workers with different hearing loss also had statistically significant differences in rTL (F=5.731, P=0.004). rTL was a protective factor for the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The longer the rTL, the lower the risk of NIHL [OR=0.64 (0.42, 0.98)]. CONCLUSIONS rTL was shorter in lead exposed workers and noise exposed workers, and it was a protective factor for the occurrence of the noise-induced hearing loss. Thus, rTL of peripheral blood may be a sensitive marker of genetic damage among workers in environments with lead and noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China.,Academic Department, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxia Liu
- Zhongshan Third People's Hospital, Guangdong, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yarui Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingli Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heping Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sai Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuexiu District, Guangdong, 510080, Guangzhou, China.
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Eze CT, Michelangeli F, Otitoloju AA, Eze OO, Ibraheem O, Ogbuene EB, Ogunwole GA. Occurrence of chemical pollutants in major e-waste sites in West Africa and usefulness of cytotoxicity and induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) in determining the effects of some detected brominated flame retardants and e-waste soil-derived extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:10832-10846. [PMID: 33099733 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the occurrence of chemical pollutants in major e-waste sites in West Africa and usefulness of cytotoxicity and induction of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) in determining the effects of some detected brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and e-waste soil-derived extracts. Analysis of the e-waste site samples using AAS and GC-MS techniques revealed the presence of a range of toxic metals as well as persistent and toxic organic pollutants, respectively, in the vicinity of the e-waste sites. As expected, the occurrence (%) of all the detected chemical pollutants in experimental soils significantly (P < 0.05) differs from occurrence (%) in control soil. The calculated LC50 values on RBL-2H3 cells of the detected tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) were 3.75 μM and 4.2 μM, respectively. Tribromophenol (TBP), dibromobiphenyl (DBB), and decabromodiphenyl ether (DBDE) were remarkably less toxic on RBL-2H3 cells compared with TBBPA and HBCD as they did not reduce RBL-2H3 cell viability below 50% in the tested concentration range (0-20 μM). The study revealed that TBBPA and HBCD could induce significant RBL-2H3 cell death through caspase-dependent apoptosis. The study further shows that the cytotoxicity of some of these BFRs could increase synergistically when in mixtures and potentially activate inflammation through the stimulation of mast cell degranulation. The e-waste soil-derived extracts induced a concentration-dependent increase in EROD activity in the exposed RTG-W1 cells. Ultimately, nonpolar extracts had higher EROD-inducing potency compared with polar extracts and hence suggesting the presence in higher amounts of AhR agonists in nonpolar e-waste soil-derived extracts than polar extracts. Overall, there is urgent need for actions in order to improve the environmental quality of the e-waste sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuebuka ThankGod Eze
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
- Department of Zoology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria.
| | | | | | - Obianuju Oluchukwu Eze
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Omodele Ibraheem
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Bright Ogbuene
- Centre for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Ibor OR, Khan EA, Arukwe A. Toxicity assessment of Lemna solid waste dumpsite (Calabar, Nigeria) using different extraction methods and toxicological responses of PLHC-1 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 82:103554. [PMID: 33290873 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have investigated the effects of three (elutriate, polar and non-polar) different soil extraction methods from the Lemna solid waste dumpsite (Calabar, Nigeria) on the biotransformation, antioxidant and cellular defense responses of PLHC-1 cell line. Following a 48 h exposure period to different concentrations of each extract, the PLHC-1 cells were evaluated for enzymatic activities - glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), glutathione reductase (Gr), glutathione S-transferase (Gst), 7-ethoxy-, pentoxy-, and benzyloxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD, PROD and BROD) and mRNA expressions for catalase (cat), gpx, gst, cyp1a, cyp3a, mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2) and Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein (keap-1). Overall, our results showed parameter-, extract- and concentration-specific increases in transcripts and functional product levels for biotransformation, antioxidant and cellular defense/cytoprotective responses, compared with control. These responses were mostly characterized by a biphasic pattern of effects by either, increasing at low concentration, and thereafter decrease, as the concentration increases or vice versa, depending on the extract type. These observations paralleled soil contaminants (organics and inorganics) burden from the dumpsite. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that cells treated with the non-polar extract produced more pronounced effects on the measured toxicological responses, compared with the polar and elutriate extracts. Thus, our data highlight peculiar risks to cells exposed to each soil extract, indicating complex and multiple chemical interactions with diverse functional groups that contaminants may have in mixture scenarios. Given the limitations and cost implications of contaminants analysis for the numerous soil- or sediment-bound compounds, we propose that this approach represents an analytical benchmark and endpoints for assessing the risk of complex environmental matrices such as soil and sediments, for ecotoxicological monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oju R Ibor
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Essa A Khan
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway.
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Mennillo E, Adeogun AO, Arukwe A. Quality screening of the Lagos lagoon sediment by assessing the cytotoxicity and toxicological responses of rat hepatoma H4IIE and fish PLHC-1 cell-lines using different extraction approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:108986. [PMID: 31812937 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, sediment samples from Makoko and Ikorodu sites of the Lagos lagoon (Nigeria) were screened for toxicological responses on mammalian and fish cell lines using different extraction methods. Rat hepatoma H4IIE and fish PLHC-1 cell-lines were exposed to serial dilutions of the elutriate, polar and non-polar extracts. We evaluated exposed cells for cytotoxicity and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-mediated toxicity. Cells exposed to polar and water extracts from Makoko and Ikorodu showed viability percentage of >80% at 48 h. On the other hand, exposure to the non-polar extracts exhibited cell viability of 50-60% at all tested dilutions. For both cell lines, a significant concentration-dependent induction of cyp1a mRNA was observed after exposure to the different extracts from both sites. Interestingly, the extracts affected functional enzymes differently for both cell lines. For H4IIE cells, while EROD activity paralleled cyp1a mRNA expression patterns, MROD showed significant concentration-specific reduction in cells exposed to polar and water extracts. On the contrary, while the MROD activity paralleled cyp1a mRNA, EROD activity was significantly inhibited in PLHC-1 cells exposed to water-, polar and non-polar extracts from both sites. These observations paralleled sediments PAH contamination burden from the study sites as revealed by co-relation analysis. In conclusion, although the different extracts did not exert high cytotoxic effects (except the non-polar) at the tested concentrations, they significantly modulated phase I biotransformation responses, showing that the studied sediments contain complex chemical mixture in the different extracts, with potential for overt physiological and general health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mennillo
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), 56122, Italy
| | - Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
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Rigaud S, Garnier JM, Moreau X, De Jong-Moreau L, Mayot N, Chaurand P, Radakovitch O. How to assess trace elements bioavailability for benthic organisms in lowly to moderately contaminated coastal sediments? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 140:86-100. [PMID: 30803687 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) in lowly to moderately contaminated coastal sediments from the Berre lagoon, France, was assessed by comparing their potentially bioavailable concentrations and bioaccumulated concentrations in the polychaete Alitta succinea. No linear correlations were observed contrarily to what is generally observed in similar works in areas with highly contaminated sediment. Correlations between trace and major elements (Fe, Ca, S, Mg, P, Al) in Alitta succinea tissues and their distribution in organism tissues show that, in such lowly to moderately contaminated sediments, biological variabilities should be considered. Normalization procedures allow to take into account these variabilities and to identify that sediment contamination is partly involved in the benthic ecosystem degradation of the Berre lagoon. Alitta succinea cannot be used as relevant bioindicator for Zn and Co bioavailability in sediment, since these elements are regulated by this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Rigaud
- Univ. Nîmes, EA 7352 CHROME, rue du Dr Georges Salan, F-30021 Nîmes, France.
| | - Jean-Marie Garnier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Xavier Moreau
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia De Jong-Moreau
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Mayot
- GIPREB, Syndicat mixte Gestion Intégrée, Prospective et Restauration de l'Étang de Berre, Cours Mirabeau, 13130 Berre l'Étang, France
| | - Perrine Chaurand
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Olivier Radakovitch
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France; Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, BP3, 13115 Saint-Paul-Les-Durance, France
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Natoli L, Luci G, Mennillo E, Adeogun AO, Arukwe A. Assessing the effects of Awba dam sediment (Nigeria) on the steroidogenesis of H295R cells using different extraction methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:121-131. [PMID: 30196212 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, H295R human cells were used to investigate the endocrine disruptor potential of three different sediments extracts taken from a Nigerian tropical freshwater dam (Awba Dam), using three extraction methods that allowed a selective consideration of contaminants based on their binding affinity, which is mainly driven by polarity, to sediment particles. After exposure to different concentration of each extract, H295R cells were evaluated for the expression profiles of 10 steroidogenic enzyme genes and estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) levels. Our results showed a comparable concentrated-related increase in the expression of 17β-hsd1, 3β-hsd2 and cyp21 in cells treated with the polar and non-polar extracts. The star, hmgr, cyp11b2 and 17β-hsd4 were slightly decreased, in an apparent concentration-specific manner, after treatment with the polar extract and decreased in the non-polar treatment. The cyp11a and cyp17 showed an opposite trend in the polar and non-polar treatments. E2 was significantly higher in cell treated with the non-polar extract. Elutriate exposure produced less pronounced variation in mRNA and hormones levels. Overall the extract with non-polar compounds produced the most severe effects in H295R cells. Thus, direct ingestion of detritus and mud from fishes and other benthonic organisms represent possible transfer of contaminants in the trophic web, and mainly account for alteration of the endocrine system previously observed in fish from the same study site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Natoli
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Giacomo Luci
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elvira Mennillo
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aina O Adeogun
- Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Zwarg JRRM, Morales DA, Maselli BS, Brack W, Umbuzeiro GA. Miniaturization of the microsuspension Salmonella/microsome assay in agar microplates. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:488-501. [PMID: 29668047 DOI: 10.1002/em.22195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Salmonella/microsome assay (Ames test) is the most widely used mutagenicity test for the evaluation of pure chemicals and environmental samples. There are several versions of protocols available in the literature, including those that reduce the amount of sample needed for testing with liquid and agar media. The microsuspension version of the Salmonella/microsome assay is more sensitive than the standard protocol. It is performed using 5-times concentrated bacteria and less sample and S9 mixture, but still uses conventional Petri dishes (90 × 15 mm). It has been extensively used for environmental sample testing, including in effect-directed analysis (EDA). The objective of this study was to miniaturize the microsuspension assay using 12-well microplates instead of the conventional plates. For validation of this miniaturization, thirteen mutagenic compounds were tested using three Salmonella strains that were selected based on their different spontaneous reversion frequencies (low, medium, and high). The conditions of the miniaturized procedure were made as similar as possible to the microsuspension protocol, using the same testing design, metabolic activation, and data interpretation, and the tests were conducted in parallel. The miniaturized plate assay (MPA) and microsuspension procedures provided similar sensitivities although MPA is less laborious and require less sample and reagents, thereby reducing overall costs. We conclude that the MPA is a promising tool and can be particularly suitable for environmental studies such as EDA or monitoring programs. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:488-501, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A Morales
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca S Maselli
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Werner Brack
- Department Effect-Directed Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gisela A Umbuzeiro
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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de Castro E Sousa JM, Peron AP, da Silva E Sousa L, de Moura Holanda M, de Macedo Vieira Lima A, de Oliveira VA, da Silva FCC, de Morais Lima LHG, Matos LA, de Moura Dantas SMM, de Aguiar RPS, Islam MT, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA, Bonecker CC, Junior HFJ. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Guaribas river water (Piauí, Brazil), influenced by anthropogenic action. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:301. [PMID: 28555439 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In general, tropical rivers have a great impact on human activities. Bioaccumulation of toxins is a worldwide problem nowadays and has been, historically, overlooked by the supervisory authorities. This study evaluated cytogenotoxic effects of Guaribas river (a Brazilian river) water during dry and rainy seasons of 2014 by using the Allium cepa test system. The toxicogenetic variables, including root growth, mitotic index, and chromosomal aberrations, were analyzed in meristematic cells of A. cepa exposed to water samples taken from the up-, within, and downstream of the city Picos (state: Piauí). The physical-chemical parameters were also analyzed to explain water quality and possible anthropogenic action. Additionally, the presence of heavy metals was also analyzed to explain water quality and possible damaging effects on eukaryotic cells. The results suggest that the river water exerted cytotoxic, mutagenic, and genotoxic effects, regardless of the seasons. In addition, Guaribas river presented physico-chemical values outside the Brazilian laws, which can be a characteristic of human pollution (domestic sewage, industrial, and local agriculture). The genetic damage was positively correlated with higher levels of heavy metals. The pollution of the Guaribas river water may link to the chemical contamination, including the action of heavy metals and their impacts on genetic instability in the aquatic ecosystem. In conclusion, necessary steps should be taken into account for further toxicogenetic studies of the Guaribas river water, as it has an influence in human health of the same region of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcelo de Castro E Sousa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Senator Helvidiu Nunes de Barros, Av. Cicero Duarte, Picos, Piauí, 64600-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Peron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Senator Helvidiu Nunes de Barros, Av. Cicero Duarte, Picos, Piauí, 64600-000, Brazil
| | - Louridânya da Silva E Sousa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Senator Helvidiu Nunes de Barros, Av. Cicero Duarte, Picos, Piauí, 64600-000, Brazil
| | - Mércia de Moura Holanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Senator Helvidiu Nunes de Barros, Av. Cicero Duarte, Picos, Piauí, 64600-000, Brazil
| | - Ataíde de Macedo Vieira Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Senator Helvidiu Nunes de Barros, Av. Cicero Duarte, Picos, Piauí, 64600-000, Brazil
| | - Vitor Alves de Oliveira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Senator Helvidiu Nunes de Barros, Av. Cicero Duarte, Picos, Piauí, 64600-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Senator Helvidiu Nunes de Barros, Av. Cicero Duarte, Picos, Piauí, 64600-000, Brazil
| | | | - Leomá Albuquerque Matos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petronio Portela, Ininga neighborhood, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Mendes de Moura Dantas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petronio Portela, Ininga neighborhood, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Raí Pablo Sousa de Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Ph armaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petronio Portela, Ininga neighborhood, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Ph armaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petronio Portela, Ininga neighborhood, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil.
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Ph armaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Campus Minister Petronio Portela, Ininga neighborhood, Teresina, Piauí, 64049-550, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Costa Bonecker
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Center for Research in Limnology, Ichthyology and agriculture, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Horácio Ferreira Júlio Junior
- Departament of Biological Sciences, Center for Research in Limnology, Ichthyology and agriculture, State University of Maringa, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
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11
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Biruk LN, Moretton J, Fabrizio de Iorio A, Weigandt C, Etcheverry J, Filippetto J, Magdaleno A. Toxicity and genotoxicity assessment in sediments from the Matanza-Riachuelo river basin (Argentina) under the influence of heavy metals and organic contaminants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 135:302-311. [PMID: 27764694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the parameters of chemical extraction associated with the detection of toxicity and genotoxicity in sediment sample extracts. Quantitative analysis of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), together with a battery of four bioassays, was performed in order to evaluate the extraction efficiency of inorganic and organic toxicants. The extracts were carried out using two inorganic solvents, two organic solvents and two extraction methodologies, making a total of five extracts. Two toxicity tests, the algal growth inhibition of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the root elongation inhibition of Lactuca sativa, and two genotoxicity tests, the analysis of revertants of Salmonella typhimurium and the analysis of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa, were performed. According to the chemical analysis, the acidic solution extracted more heavy metal concentrations than distilled water, and dichloromethane extracted more but fewer concentrations of PAH compounds than methanol. Shaker extracts with distilled water were non-toxic to P. subcapitata, but were toxic to L. sativa. The acidic extracts were more toxic to P. subcapitata than to L. sativa. The methanolic organic extracts were more toxic to the alga than those obtained with dichloromethane. None of these extracts resulted toxic to L. sativa. Mutagenic effects were only detected in the organic dichloromethane extracts in the presence of metabolic activation. All the inorganic and organic extracts were genotoxic to A. cepa. This study showed that the implementation of different extraction methods together with a battery of bioassays could be suitable tools for detecting toxicity and genotoxicity in sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía N Biruk
- Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 4° Piso (C1113AAC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Moretton
- Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 4° Piso (C1113AAC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Fabrizio de Iorio
- Cátedra de Química Analítica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian Weigandt
- Cátedra de Química Analítica, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Etcheverry
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Filippetto
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial, Av. General Paz 5445, (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anahí Magdaleno
- Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 4° Piso (C1113AAC), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Malmquist LMV, Selck H, Jørgensen KB, Christensen JH. Polycyclic Aromatic Acids Are Primary Metabolites of Alkyl-PAHs-A Case Study with Nereis diversicolor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:5713-5721. [PMID: 25827176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although concentrations of alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (alkyl-PAHs) in oil-contaminated sediments are higher than those of unsubstituted PAHs, only little attention has been given to metabolism and ecotoxicity of alkyl-PAHs. In this study we demonstrated that metabolism of alkyl-PAHs primarily forms polycyclic aromatic acids (PAAs). We generalize this to other alkyl-PAHs, based on literature and the present study of the metabolism of 1-methylphenanthrene, 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene, and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-methylchrysene related to their unsubstituted parent PAHs. Also, we observed that body burdens and production of PAAs was related to the position of the methyl group, showing the same isomer specific preferences as for microbial degradation of alkyl-PAHs. We detected a high production of PAAs, and larger metabolism of alkyl-PAHs than their unsubstituted parent PAHs. We therefore propose that carboxylic acid metabolites of alkyl-PAHs have the potential of constituting a new class of contaminants in marine waters that needs attention in relation to ecological risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus M V Malmquist
- †Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- ‡Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Henriette Selck
- ‡Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Kåre B Jørgensen
- §Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan H Christensen
- †Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Guittonny-Philippe A, Petit ME, Masotti V, Monnier Y, Malleret L, Coulomb B, Combroux I, Baumberger T, Viglione J, Laffont-Schwob I. Selection of wild macrophytes for use in constructed wetlands for phytoremediation of contaminant mixtures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 147:108-123. [PMID: 25262393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) offer an alternative to traditional industrial wastewater treatment systems that has been proved to be efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly. Most of the time, CWs are planted with proliferative species such as Phragmites australis or with plants originating from nurseries, both representing a risk for the natural biodiversity conservation of aquatic ecosystems located downstream of the CWs. For the removal of metals and organic pollutant mixtures present in industrial effluents, it is necessary to select tolerant plant species that are able to produce a high aboveground biomass and to develop a healthy belowground system. Wild plant species growing in aquatic bodies at industrial outfalls could constitute suitable tolerant species to use in CWs for industrial effluent treatment. To test this hypothesis, we assessed, under laboratory conditions (using an experimental design), the tolerance to mixtures of metals (Al, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn) or/and organic pollutants (THC, PHE, PYR, LAS) of five European sub-cosmopolitan native macrophytes (Alisma lanceolatum, Carex cuprina, Epilobium hirsutum, Iris pseudacorus and Juncus inflexus) that had been collected in a polluted Mediterranean wetland, after a field study (crossing ecological relevés and analyses of contaminant concentrations in water and sediments). Our results demonstrated that research on phytoremediation of industrial effluents should focus much more on the use of native macrophytes growing at short distances from industrial discharges (such as C. cuprina in this study), and that root/shoot ratio, aerial height and proportion of green leaves are good and cost-effective indicators of plant tolerance to metals and organic pollutant mixtures in laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Guittonny-Philippe
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, 3 place Victor Hugo, Case 4, F-13331 Marseille cedex 03, France; ECO-MED SARL, Tour Méditerranée, 65 Avenue Jules Cantini, 13298 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Marie-Eléonore Petit
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, 3 place Victor Hugo, Case 4, F-13331 Marseille cedex 03, France.
| | - Véronique Masotti
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, 3 place Victor Hugo, Case 4, F-13331 Marseille cedex 03, France.
| | - Yogan Monnier
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, 3 place Victor Hugo, Case 4, F-13331 Marseille cedex 03, France.
| | - Laure Malleret
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Environnement, FRE 3416, 3 place Victor Hugo - Case 29, F-13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
| | - Bruno Coulomb
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Environnement, FRE 3416, 3 place Victor Hugo - Case 29, F-13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
| | - Isabelle Combroux
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7362 Laboratoire Image Ville et Environnement, Institut de Botanique, 28 rue Goethe, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Teddy Baumberger
- ECO-MED SARL, Tour Méditerranée, 65 Avenue Jules Cantini, 13298 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Julien Viglione
- ECO-MED SARL, Tour Méditerranée, 65 Avenue Jules Cantini, 13298 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Isabelle Laffont-Schwob
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, 3 place Victor Hugo, Case 4, F-13331 Marseille cedex 03, France.
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Larcher T, Perrichon P, Vignet C, Ledevin M, Le Menach K, Lyphout L, Landi L, Clerandeau C, Lebihanic F, Ménard D, Burgeot T, Budzinski H, Akcha F, Cachot J, Cousin X. Chronic dietary exposure of zebrafish to PAH mixtures results in carcinogenic but not genotoxic effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13833-13849. [PMID: 24777325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants that can be present at high levels as mixtures in polluted aquatic environments. Many PAHs are potent mutagens and several are well-known carcinogens. Despite numerous studies on individual compounds, little is known about the toxicity of PAHs mixtures that are encountered in environmental situations. In the present work, zebrafish were continuously fed from 5 days post-fertilisation to 14 months post-fertilisation (mpf) with a diet spiked with fractions of either pyrolytic (PY), petrogenic light oil (LO), or petrogenic heavy oil (HO) origin at three concentrations. A decrease in survival was identified after 3 mpf in fish fed with the highest concentration of HO or LO, but not for PY. All PAH fractions caused preneoplastic and neoplastic disorders in long-term-exposed animals. Target tissues were almost exclusively of epithelial origin, with the bile duct epithelium being the most susceptible to chronic exposure to all PAH fractions, and with germ cells being the second most responsive cells. Significantly higher incidences of neoplasms were observed with increasing PAH concentration and exposure duration. The most severe carcinogenic effects were induced by dietary exposure to HO compared to exposure to LO or PY (45, 30 and 7 %, respectively, after 9 to 10 months of exposure to an intermediate concentration of PAHs). In contrast, earliest carcinogenic effects were detected as soon as 3 mpf after exposure to LO, including the lowest concentration, or to PY. PAH bioactivation and genotoxicity in blood was assessed by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity quantification and comet and micronuclei assays, respectively, but none of these were positive. Chronic dietary exposure of zebrafish to PAH mixtures results in carcinogenotoxic events that impair survival and physiology of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Larcher
- INRA, UMR 703 APEX, 44307, Nantes, France,
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Meyer W, Seiler TB, Schwarzbauer J, Püttmann W, Hollert H, Achten C. Polar polycyclic aromatic compounds from different coal types show varying mutagenic potential, EROD induction and bioavailability depending on coal rank. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 494-495:320-328. [PMID: 25063955 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the bioavailability and toxicity of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) have rarely considered the heterogeneity of coals and the impact of more polar PAC besides polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Earlier, we investigated the toxicity of eight heterogeneous coals and their extracts. In the present study, the hazard potential with respect to mechanism-specific toxicity of polar fractions of dichloromethane extracts from coals was studied. Polar extract fractions of all coal types except for anthracite induced EROD activity (determined in RTL-W1 cells), independent of coal type (Bio-TEQs between 23 ± 16 and 52 ± 22 ng/g). The polar fractions of all bituminous coal extracts revealed mutagenic activity (determined using the Ames Fluctuation test). No significant mutation induction was detected for the polar extract fractions from the lignite, sub-bituminous coal and anthracite samples, which indicates a higher dependency on coal type for polar PAC here. Additionally, information on bioavailability was derived from a bioaccumulation test using the deposit-feeding oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus which was exposed for 28 days to ground coal samples. Despite the high toxic potential of most coal extracts and a reduced biomass of Lumbriculus in bituminous coal samples, bioaccumulation of PAH and mortality after 28 days were found to be low. Limited bioaccumulation of PAH (up to 3.6 ± 3.8 mg/kg EPA-PAH) and polar PAC were observed for all coal samples. A significant reduction of Lumbriculus biomass was observed in the treatments containing bituminous coals (from 0.019 ± 0.004 g to 0.046 ± 0.011 g compared to 0.080 ± 0.025 g per replicate in control treatments). We conclude that bioavailability of native PAC from coals including polar PAC is low for all investigated coal types. In comparison to lignite, sub-bituminous coals and anthracite, the bioavailability of PAC from bituminous coals is slightly increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Meyer
- University of Münster, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas-Benjamin Seiler
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Schwarzbauer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Lochnerstrasse 4-20, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Püttmann
- J.W. Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- University of Münster, Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, Corrensstrasse 24, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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16
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Chou PH, Liu TC, Ko FC, Liao MW, Yeh HM, Yang TH, Wu CT, Chen CH, Tsai TY. Occurrence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists and genotoxic compounds in the river systems in Southern Taiwan. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 107:257-264. [PMID: 24411837 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water and sediment samples from river systems located in Southern Taiwan were investigated for the presence of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists and genotoxicants by a combination of recombinant cell assays and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. AhR agonist activity and genotoxic response were frequently detected in samples collected during different seasons. In particular, dry-season water and sediment samples from Erren River showed strong AhR agonist activity (201-1423 ng L(-1) and 1374-5631 ng g(-1) β-naphthoflavone equivalents) and high genotoxic potential. Although no significant correlation was found between AhR agonist activity and genotoxicity, potential genotoxicants in sample extracts were suggested to be causative agents for yeast growth inhibition in the AhR-responsive reporter gene assay. After high performance liquid chromatography fractionation, AhR agonist candidates were detected in several fractions of Erren River water and sediment extracts, while possible genotoxicants were only found in water extracts. In addition, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the typical contaminants showing high AhR binding affinity, were only minor contributors to the AhR agonist activity detected in Erren River sediment extracts. Our findings displayed the usefulness of bioassays in evaluating the extent of environmental contamination, which may be helpful in reducing the chances of false-negative results obtained from chemical analysis of conventional contaminants. Further research will be undertaken to identify major candidates for xenobiotic AhR agonists and genotoxicants to better protect the aquatic environments in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsin Chou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Tong-Cun Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chi Ko
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan; Institute of Marine Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Wei Liao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Mei Yeh
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Han Yang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsun Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ya Tsai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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17
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Pinto M, Costa PM, Louro H, Costa MH, Lavinha J, Caeiro S, Silva MJ. Human hepatoma cells exposed to estuarine sediment contaminant extracts permitted the differentiation between cytotoxic and pro-mutagenic fractions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2014; 185:141-8. [PMID: 24275312 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Complex toxicant mixtures present in estuarine sediments often render contaminant screening unfeasible and compromise determining causation. HepG2 cells were subjected to bioassays with sediment extracts obtained with a series of progressively polar solvents plus a crude extract. The sediments were collected from an impacted area of an estuary otherwise regarded as pristine, whose stressors result mostly from aquaculture effluents and hydrodynamic shifts that enhance particle deposition. Compared to a reference scenario, the most polar extracts yielded highest cytotoxicity while higher genotoxicity (including oxidative damage) was elicited by non-polar solvents. While the former caused effects similar to those expected from biocides, the latter triggered effects compatible with known pro-mutagens like PAHs, even though the overall levels of toxicants were considered of low risk. The results indicate that the approach may constitute an effective line-of-evidence to infer on the predominant set of hazardous contaminants present in complex environmental mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pinto
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - P M Costa
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; IMAR - Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - H Louro
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M H Costa
- IMAR - Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - J Lavinha
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S Caeiro
- IMAR - Instituto do Mar, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Aberta, Rua da Escola Politécnica, 141, 1269-001 Lisboa, Portugal; CENSE - Centre for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M J Silva
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, I.P., Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Montaño M, Weiss J, Hoffmann L, Gutleb AC, Murk AJ. Metabolic activation of nonpolar sediment extracts results in enhanced thyroid hormone disrupting potency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:8878-8886. [PMID: 23786620 DOI: 10.1021/es4011898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Traditional sediment risk assessment predominantly considers the hazard derived from legacy contaminants that are present in nonpolar sediment extracts, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, furans (PCDD/Fs), and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Although in vivo experiments with these compounds have shown to be thyroid hormone disrupting (THD), in vitro their THD potency is not observed in nonpolar sediment extracts. This is hypothesized to be due to the absence of in vitro biotransformation which will result in bioactivation of the lipophilic compounds into THD hydroxyl metabolites. This study reveals that indeed metabolically activated nonpolar contaminants in sediments can competitively bind to thyroid hormone transport proteins. Sediment fractions were incubated with S9 rat microsomes, and the metabolites were extracted with a newly developed method that excludes most of the lipids to avoid interference in the applied nonradioactive 96-well plate TTR competitive binding assay. Metabolic activation increased the TTR binding potency of nonpolar fractions of POP-polluted sediments up to 100 times, resulting in potencies up to 240 nmol T4 equivalents/g sediment equivalent (nmol T4-Eq/g SEQ). This demonstrates that a more realistic in vitro sediment THD risk characterization should also include testing of both polar and medium polar sediment extracts for THD, as well as bioactivated nonpolar sediment fractions to prevent underestimation of its toxic potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Montaño
- Department of Environment and Agro-biotechnologies, Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann , 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
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Malmquist LMV, Christensen JH, Selck H. Effects of Nereis diversicolor on the transformation of 1-methylpyrene and pyrene: transformation efficiency and identification of phase I and II products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5383-5392. [PMID: 23611659 DOI: 10.1021/es400809p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of nonsubstituted and alkyl-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by the benthic invertebrate Nereis diversicolor was compared in this study. Pyrene and 1-methylpyrene were used as model compounds for nonsubstituted and alkyl-substituted PAHs, respectively. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of metabolites and parent compounds in worm tissue, water, and sediment were performed. Transformation of 1-methylpyrene generated the benzylic hydroxylated phase I product, 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid that comprised 90% of the total metabolites of 1-methylpyrene, and was mainly found in water extracts. We tentatively identified 1-methylpyrene glucuronides and 1-carbonylpyrene glycine as phase II metabolites not previously reported in literature. Pyrene was biotransformed to 1-hydroxypyrene, pyrene-1-sulfate, pyrene-1-glucuronide, and pyrene glucoside sulfate, with pyrene-1-glucuronide as the most prominent metabolite. Transformation of 1-methylpyrene (21% transformed) was more than 3 times as efficient as pyrene transformation (5.6% transformed). Because crude oils contain larger amounts of C₁-C₄-substituted PAHs than nonsubstituted PAHs, the rapid and efficient transformation of sediment-associated 1-methylpyrene may result in a high exposure of water-living organisms to metabolites of alkyl-substituted PAHs, whose toxicities are unknown. This study demonstrates the need to consider fate and effects of substituted PAHs and their metabolites in risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus M V Malmquist
- Department of Environmental, Social and Spatial Change, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, PO Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Rigaud S, Di Giorgio C, Radakovitch O, Garnier JM, De Méo M. Genotoxicity of sediment extracts of the Berre lagoon (France). CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 88:937-944. [PMID: 22487561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the genotoxic risk that contaminated sediment could constitute for benthic organisms, three contaminated (VA, VC and VN) and one uncontaminated (RN) sediment samples were collected in the Berre lagoon (France). Potentially bioavailable contaminants in sediments were obtained using sediment extraction with synthetic seawater adjusted to pH 4 or pH 6, simulating the range of pH prevailing in the digestive tract of benthic organisms. The genotoxic activities of these extracts were evaluated by three short-term bioassays: the Salmonella mutagenicity test using the Salmonella typhimurium strain TA102, the alkaline comet assay and the micronucleus assay on the Chinese Hamster Ovary cells CHO-K1. Results of the Salmonella mutagenicity assay detected a mutagenic response for RN extract at pH 6, and for VA extract at pH 4. Results of the comet and micronucleus assays detected low genotoxic/clastogenic activities for VA and VC extracts at pH 6 and higher activities for RN, VA and VC extracts at pH 4. To identify if metals (Al, Fe, Mn, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) were involved in these genotoxic activities, their concentrations were determined in the extracts, and their speciation was assessed by thermodynamic calculations. Results showed that extracts from sites VA, VC and VN generally presented the highest trace metal contents for both extractants, while the site RN presented lower trace metal contents but the highest Fe and Mn contents. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that Fe, Mn, As and in a lower extend Co, Ni and Zn were mainly present under free forms in extracts, and were consequently, more likely able to induce a genotoxic effect. Results globally showed no correspondence between free metal contents and genotoxic activities. They suggested that these positive results could be due to uncharacterized compounds, acting as direct genotoxic agents or enhancing the genotoxic properties of analyzed metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Rigaud
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CEREGE, UMR 7730, 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 4, France
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