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Bahi A. Serotonin transporter knockdown relieves depression-like behavior and ethanol-induced CPP in mice after chronic social defeat stress. Behav Brain Res 2024; 466:114998. [PMID: 38614210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Patients with stress-triggered major depression disorders (MDD) can often seek comfort or temporary relief through alcohol consumption, as they may turn to it as a means of self-medication or coping with overwhelming emotions. The use of alcohol as a coping mechanism for stressful events can escalate, fostering a cycle where the temporary relief it provides from depression can deepen into alcohol dependence, exacerbating both conditions. Although, the specific mechanisms involved in stress-triggered alcohol dependence and MDD comorbidities are not well understood, a large body of literature suggests that the serotonin transporter (SERT) plays a critical role in these abnormalities. To further investigate this hypothesis, we used a lentiviral-mediated knockdown approach to examine the role of hippocampal SERT knockdown in social defeat stress-elicited depression like behavior and ethanol-induced place preference (CPP). The results showed that social defeat stress-pro depressant effects were reversed following SERT knockdown demonstrated by increased sucrose preference, shorter latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test, and decreased immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swim tests. Moreover, and most importantly, social stress-induced ethanol-CPP acquisition and reinstatement were significantly reduced following hippocampal SERT knockdown using short hairpin RNA shRNA-expressing lentiviral vectors. Finally, we confirmed that SERT hippocampal mRNA expression correlated with measures of depression- and ethanol-related behaviors by Pearson's correlation analysis. Taken together, our data suggest that hippocampal serotoninergic system is involved in social stress-triggered mood disorders as well as in the acquisition and retrieval of ethanol contextual memory and that blockade of this transporter can decrease ethanol rewarding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Bahi
- College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Anatomy, CMHS, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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2
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Sadighi M, Mai L, Xu Y, Boillot M, Targa G, Mottarlini F, Brambilla P, Gass P, Caffino L, Fumagalli F, Homberg JR. Chronic exposure to imipramine induces a switch from depression-like to mania-like behavior in female serotonin transporter knockout rats: Role of BDNF signaling in the infralimbic cortex. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:128-142. [PMID: 38280571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly burdensome psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating states of mania and depression. A major challenge in the clinic is the switch from depression to mania, which is often observed in female BD patients during antidepressant treatment such as imipramine. However, the underlying neural basis is unclear. METHODS To investigate the potential neuronal pathways, serotonin transporter knockout (SERT KO) rats, an experimental model of female BD patients, were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests under chronic treatment of the antidepressant imipramine. In addition, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its downstream signaling was examined in the prefrontal cortex. RESULTS Chronic exposure to imipramine reduced anxiety and sociability and problem-solving capacity, and increased thigmotaxis and day/night activity in all animals, but specifically in female SERT KO rats, compared to female wild-type (WT) rats. Further, we found an activation of BDNF-TrkB-Akt pathway signaling in the infralimbic, but not prelimbic, cortex after chronic imipramine treatment in SERT KO, but not WT, rats. LIMITATIONS Repeated testing behaviors could potentially affect the results. Additionally, the imipramine induced changes in behavior and in the BDNF system were measured in separate animals. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that female SERT KO rats, which mirror the female BD patients with the 5-HTTLPR s-allele, are at higher risk of a switch to mania-like behaviors under imipramine treatment. Activation of the BDNF-TrkB-Akt pathway in the infralimbic cortex might contribute to this phenotype, but causal evidence remains to be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sadighi
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lingling Mai
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yifan Xu
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Morgane Boillot
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Targa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Chang SH, Chang YM, Chen HY, Shaw FZ, Shyu BC. Time-course analysis of frontal gene expression profiles in the rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder and a comparison with the conditioned fear model. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100569. [PMID: 37771408 PMCID: PMC10522909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex disorder that involves physiological, emotional, and cognitive dysregulation that may occur after exposure to a life-threatening event. In contrast with the condition of learned fear with resilience to extinction, abnormal fear with impaired fear extinction and exaggeration are considered crucial factors for the pathological development of PTSD. The prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is considered a critical region of top-down control in fear regulation, which involves the modulation of fear expression and extinction. The pathological course of PTSD is usually chronic and persistent; a number of studies have indicated temporal progression in gene expression and phenotypes may be involved in PTSD pathology. In the current study, we use a well-established modified single-prolonged stress (SPS&FS) rat model to feature PTSD-like phenotypes and compared it with a footshock fear conditioning model (FS model); we collected the frontal tissue after extreme stress exposure or fear conditioning and extracted RNA for transcriptome-level gene sequencing. We compared the genetic profiling of the mPFC at early (<2 h after solely FS or SPS&FS exposure) and late (7 days after solely FS or SPS&FS exposure) stages in these two models. First, we identified temporal differences in the expressional patterns between these two models and found pathways such as protein synthesis factor eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (EIF2), transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated oxidative stress response, and acute phase responding signaling enriched in the early stage in both models with significant p-values. Furthermore, in the late stage, the sirtuin signaling pathway was enriched in both models; other pathways such as STAT3, cAMP, lipid metabolism, Gα signaling, and increased fear were especially enriched in the late stage of the SPS&FS model. However, pathways such as VDR/RXR, GP6, and PPAR signaling were activated significantly in the FS model's late stage. Last, the network analysis revealed the temporal dynamics of psychological disorder, the endocrine system, and also genes related to increased fear in the two models. This study could help elucidate the genetic temporal alteration and stage-specific pathways in these two models, as well as a better understanding of the transcriptome-level differences between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Han Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Inflammation Core Facility, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Inflammation Core Facility, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Zen Shaw
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bai-Chuang Shyu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Inserra A, Piot A, De Gregorio D, Gobbi G. Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:733-754. [PMID: 37603260 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-01008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (ADs) represent the sixth leading cause of disability worldwide, resulting in a significant global economic burden. Over 50% of individuals with ADs do not respond to standard therapies, making the identification of more effective anxiolytic drugs an ongoing research priority. In this work, we review the preclinical literature concerning the effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on anxiety-like behaviors in preclinical models, and the clinical literature on anxiolytic effects of LSD in healthy volunteers and patients with ADs. Preclinical and clinical findings show that even if LSD may exacerbate anxiety acutely (both in "microdoses" and "full doses"), it induces long-lasting anxiolytic effects. Only two randomized controlled trials combining LSD and psychotherapy have been performed in patients with ADs with and without life-threatening conditions, showing a good safety profile and persisting decreases in anxiety outcomes. The effect of LSD on anxiety may be mediated by serotonin receptors (5-HT1A/1B, 5-HT2A/2C, and 5-HT7) and/or transporter in brain networks and circuits (default mode network, cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit, and prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuit), involved in the modulation of anxiety. It remains unclear whether LSD can be an efficacious treatment alone or only when combined with psychotherapy, and if "microdosing" may elicit the same sustained anxiolytic effects as the "full doses". Further randomized controlled trials with larger sample size cohorts of patients with ADs are required to clearly define the effective regimens, safety profile, efficacy, and feasibility of LSD for the treatment of ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Inserra
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Piot
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A1, Canada.
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Bahi A, Dreyer JL. Anxiety and ethanol consumption in socially defeated mice; effect of hippocampal serotonin transporter knockdown. Behav Brain Res 2023; 451:114508. [PMID: 37244437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorders (GAD) with alcohol use disorders (AUD) is common and there is an association between the serotonin transporter (SERT) genetic variation and the comorbid conditions of GAD and AUD. However, few mechanistic studies have systematically explored the role of direct SERT manipulation in stress-elicited mood disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether reductions in SERT expression in the hippocampus were sufficient to ameliorate anxiety- and ethanol-related behaviors in socially defeated mice. Following stress exposure, and using stereotaxic surgery, SERT was knocked down using specific shRNA-expressing lentiviral vectors and anxiety-like behavior was evaluated by open-field, elevated plus maze, and marbles burying test. The two-bottle choice (TBC) drinking paradigm was used to assess stress-induced voluntary ethanol intake and preference. Results showed that hippocampal SERT loss-of-function prevented stress-elicited anxiogenic-like effects with no differences in spontaneous locomotor activity. Moreover, in the TBC paradigm, SERT shRNA-injected mice consistently showed a significantly decreased consumption and preference for ethanol when compared to Mock-injected controls. In contrast to ethanol, SERT shRNA-injected mice exhibited similar consumption and preference for saccharin and quinine. Interestingly, we confirmed that SERT hippocampal mRNA expression correlated with measures of anxiety- and ethanol-related behaviors by Pearson correlation analysis. Our findings show that social defeat recruits hippocampal serotoninergic system and that these neuroadaptations mediate the heightened anxiety-like behavior and voluntary alcohol intake observed following stress exposure, suggesting that this system represents a major brain stress element responsible for the negative reinforcement associated with the "dark side" of alcohol addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Bahi
- College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.
| | - Jean-Luc Dreyer
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Numagami Y, Hoshino F, Murakami C, Ebina M, Sakane F. Distinct regions of Praja-1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase selectively bind to docosahexaenoic acid-containing phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol kinase δ. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023; 1868:159265. [PMID: 36528254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1-Stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl (18:0/22:6)-phosphatidic acid (PA) interacts with and activates Praja-1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (full length: 615 aa) to ubiquitinate and degrade the serotonin transporter (SERT). SERT modulates serotonergic system activity and is a therapeutic target for depression, autism, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) δ2 (full length: 1214 aa) interacts with Praja-1 in addition to SERT and generates 18:0/22:6-PA, which binds and activates Praja-1. In the present study, we investigated the interaction of Praja-1 with 18:0/22:6-PA and DGKδ2 in more detail. We first found that the N-terminal one-third region (aa 1-224) of Praja-1 bound to 18:0/22:6-PA and that Lys141 in the region was critical for binding to 18:0/22:6-PA. In contrast, the C-terminal catalytic domain of Praja-1 (aa 446-615) interacted with DGKδ2. Additionally, the N-terminal half of the catalytic domain (aa 309-466) of DGKδ2 intensely bound to Praja-1. Moreover, the N-terminal region containing the pleckstrin homology and C1 domains (aa 1-308) and the C-terminal half of the catalytic domain (aa 762-939) of DGKδ2 weakly associated with Praja-1. Taken together, these results reveal new functions of the N-terminal (aa 1-224) and C-terminal (aa 446-615) regions of Praja-1 and the N-terminal half of the catalytic region (aa 309-466) of DGKδ2 as regulatory domains. Moreover, it is likely that the DGKδ2-Praja-1-SERT heterotrimer proximally arranges the 18:0/22:6-PA-producing catalytic domain of DGKδ2, the 18:0/22:6-PA-binding regulatory domain of Praja-1, the ubiquitin-protein ligase catalytic domain of Praja-1 and the ubiquitination acceptor site-containing SERT C-terminal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Numagami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Fumi Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chiaki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan; Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ebina
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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7
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Hutchison SM, Brain U, Grunau RE, Kuzeljevic B, Irvine M, Mâsse LC, Oberlander TF. Associations between maternal depressive symptoms and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant treatment on internalising and anxiety behaviours in children: 12-year longitudinal study. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e26. [PMID: 36721917 PMCID: PMC9970165 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2022.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant exposure is associated with increased internalising and anxious behaviours in young children; whether this continues into early adolescence is unknown. Also, it is not well established whether it is the in utero exposure to SSRIs or the underlying maternal mood that contributes more to these associations. AIMS To examine associations between maternal depressive symptoms, prenatal SSRI antidepressant treatment and internalising and anxiety behaviours from childhood into pre-adolescence. METHOD From a prospective longitudinal cohort, measures of maternal depressive symptoms and SSRI use and child outcomes (n = 191 births) were obtained from the second trimester to 12 years. Maternal reports of internalising and anxiety behaviours in children were obtained at 3, 6 and 12 years. RESULTS Multilevel mixed-effects models revealed that maternal depressed mood at the third trimester assessment, not prenatal SSRI exposure, was associated with longitudinal patterns of higher levels of internalising and anxiety behaviours across childhood from 3 to 12 years of age. At each age, hierarchical regressions showed that maternal mood at the third trimester, compared with current maternal depression or prenatal SSRI exposure, explained a greater proportion of the variance in internalising and anxiety behaviours. CONCLUSIONS Even with prenatal SSRI treatment, maternal depressed mood during the third trimester still had an enduring effect as it was associated with increased levels of internalising and anxiety behaviours across childhood and into early adolescence. Importantly, we found no evidence of a 'main effect' association between prenatal SSRI exposure and internalising and anxiety behaviours in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Hutchison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ursula Brain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ruth E Grunau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Boris Kuzeljevic
- (deceased), Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mike Irvine
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tim F Oberlander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Cannabidiol Modulates Alterations in PFC microRNAs in a Rat Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032052. [PMID: 36768376 PMCID: PMC9953518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a potential antidepressant agent. We examined the association between the antidepressant effects of CBD and alterations in brain microRNAs in the unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model for depression. UCMS male rats were injected with vehicle or CBD (10 mg/kg) and tested for immobility time in the forced swim test. Alterations in miRNAs (miR16, miR124, miR135a) and genes that encode for the 5HT1a receptor, the serotonergic transporter SERT, β-catenin, and CB1 were examined. UCMS increased immobility time in a forced swim test (i.e., depressive-like behavior) and altered the expression of miRNAs and mRNA in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), raphe nucleus, and nucleus accumbens. Importantly, CBD restored UCMS-induced upregulation in miR-16 and miR-135 in the vmPFC as well as the increase in immobility time. CBD also restored the UCMS-induced decrease in htr1a, the gene that encodes for the serotonergic 5HT1a receptor; using a pharmacological approach, we found that the 5HT1a receptor antagonist WAY100135 blocked the antidepressant-like effect of CBD on immobility time. Our findings suggest that the antidepressant effects of CBD in a rat model for depression are associated with alterations in miR-16 and miR-135 in the vmPFC and are mediated by the 5HT1a receptor.
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9
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Shoenhard H, Jain RA, Granato M. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates zebrafish sensorimotor decision making via a genetically defined cluster of hindbrain neurons. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111790. [PMID: 36476852 PMCID: PMC9813870 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision making is a fundamental nervous system function that ranges widely in complexity and speed of execution. We previously established larval zebrafish as a model for sensorimotor decision making and identified the G-protein-coupled calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to be critical for this process. Here, we report that CaSR functions in neurons to dynamically regulate the bias between two behavioral outcomes: escapes and reorientations. By employing a computational guided transgenic strategy, we identify a genetically defined neuronal cluster in the hindbrain as a key candidate site for CaSR function. Finally, we demonstrate that transgenic CaSR expression targeting this cluster consisting of a few hundred neurons shifts behavioral bias in wild-type animals and restores decision making deficits in CaSR mutants. Combined, our data provide a rare example of a G-protein-coupled receptor that biases vertebrate sensorimotor decision making via a defined neuronal cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Shoenhard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Roshan A. Jain
- Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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10
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Uzungil V, Tran H, Aitken C, Wilson C, Opazo CM, Li S, Payet JM, Mawal CH, Bush AI, Hale MW, Hannan AJ, Renoir T. Novel Antidepressant-Like Properties of the Iron Chelator Deferiprone in a Mouse Model of Depression. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1662-1685. [PMID: 35861925 PMCID: PMC9606181 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressed individuals who carry the short allele for the serotonin-transporter-linked promotor region of the gene are more vulnerable to stress and have reduced response to first-line antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Since depression severity has been reported to correlate with brain iron levels, the present study aimed to characterise the potential antidepressant properties of the iron chelator deferiprone. Using the serotonin transporter knock-out (5-HTT KO) mouse model, we assessed the behavioural effects of acute deferiprone on the Porsolt swim test (PST) and novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT). Brain and blood iron levels were also measured following acute deferiprone. To determine the relevant brain regions activated by deferiprone, we then measured c-Fos expression and applied network-based analyses. We found that deferiprone reduced immobility time in the PST in 5-HTT KO mice and reduced latency to feed in the NSFT in both genotypes, suggesting potential antidepressant-like effects. There was no effect on brain or blood iron levels following deferiprone treatment, potentially indicating an acute iron-independent mechanism. Deferiprone reversed the increase in c-Fos expression induced by swim stress in 5-HTT KO mice in the lateral amygdala. Functional network analyses suggest that hub regions of activity in mice treated with deferiprone include the caudate putamen and prefrontal cortex. The PST-induced increase in network modularity in wild-type mice was not observed in 5-HTT KO mice. Altogether, our data show that the antidepressant-like effects of deferiprone could be acting via an iron-independent mechanism and that these therapeutic effects are underpinned by changes in neuronal activity in the lateral amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Uzungil
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Harvey Tran
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Connor Aitken
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carey Wilson
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carlos M Opazo
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jennyfer M Payet
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Celeste H Mawal
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Matthew W Hale
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Melbourne Brain Centre, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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11
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Kameneva P, Melnikova VI, Kastriti ME, Kurtova A, Kryukov E, Murtazina A, Faure L, Poverennaya I, Artemov AV, Kalinina TS, Kudryashov NV, Bader M, Skoda J, Chlapek P, Curylova L, Sourada L, Neradil J, Tesarova M, Pasqualetti M, Gaspar P, Yakushov VD, Sheftel BI, Zikmund T, Kaiser J, Fried K, Alenina N, Voronezhskaya EE, Adameyko I. Serotonin limits generation of chromaffin cells during adrenal organ development. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2901. [PMID: 35614045 PMCID: PMC9133002 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenal glands are the major organs releasing catecholamines and regulating our stress response. The mechanisms balancing generation of adrenergic chromaffin cells and protecting against neuroblastoma tumors are still enigmatic. Here we revealed that serotonin (5HT) controls the numbers of chromaffin cells by acting upon their immediate progenitor "bridge" cells via 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A (HTR3A), and the aggressive HTR3Ahigh human neuroblastoma cell lines reduce proliferation in response to HTR3A-specific agonists. In embryos (in vivo), the physiological increase of 5HT caused a prolongation of the cell cycle in "bridge" progenitors leading to a smaller chromaffin population and changing the balance of hormones and behavioral patterns in adulthood. These behavioral effects and smaller adrenals were mirrored in the progeny of pregnant female mice subjected to experimental stress, suggesting a maternal-fetal link that controls developmental adaptations. Finally, these results corresponded to a size-distribution of adrenals found in wild rodents with different coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kameneva
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria I Melnikova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Kurtova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emil Kryukov
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aliia Murtazina
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Louis Faure
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irina Poverennaya
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Artem V Artemov
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- National Medical Research Center for Endocrinology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana S Kalinina
- Federal state budgetary institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology" (FSBI "Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology"), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita V Kudryashov
- Federal state budgetary institution "Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology" (FSBI "Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology"), Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Skoda
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chlapek
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Curylova
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Sourada
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Tesarova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Massimo Pasqualetti
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Vasily D Yakushov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris I Sheftel
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tomas Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kaj Fried
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125, Berlin-Buch, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena E Voronezhskaya
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Sato A, Kotajima-Murakami H, Tanaka M, Katoh Y, Ikeda K. Influence of Prenatal Drug Exposure, Maternal Inflammation, and Parental Aging on the Development of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:821455. [PMID: 35222122 PMCID: PMC8863673 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.821455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects reciprocal social interaction and produces abnormal repetitive, restrictive behaviors and interests. The diverse causes of ASD are divided into genetic alterations and environmental risks. The prevalence of ASD has been rising for several decades, which might be related to environmental risks as it is difficult to consider that the prevalence of genetic disorders related to ASD would increase suddenly. The latter includes (1) exposure to medications, such as valproic acid (VPA) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (2), maternal complications during pregnancy, including infection and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and (3) high parental age. Epidemiological studies have indicated a pathogenetic role of prenatal exposure to VPA and maternal inflammation in the development of ASD. VPA is considered to exert its deleterious effects on the fetal brain through several distinct mechanisms, such as alterations of γ-aminobutyric acid signaling, the inhibition of histone deacetylase, the disruption of folic acid metabolism, and the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin. Maternal inflammation that is caused by different stimuli converges on a higher load of proinflammatory cytokines in the fetal brain. Rodent models of maternal exposure to SSRIs generate ASD-like behavior in offspring, but clinical correlations with these preclinical findings are inconclusive. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and advanced parental age increase the risk of ASD in humans, but the mechanisms have been poorly investigated in animal models. Evidence of the mechanisms by which environmental factors are related to ASD is discussed, which may contribute to the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Miho Tanaka
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Katoh
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Pan W, Pan J, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Tang J. Serotonin Transporter Defect Disturbs Structure and Function of the Auditory Cortex in Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:749923. [PMID: 34690685 PMCID: PMC8527018 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.749923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin transporter (SERT) modulates the level of 5-HT and significantly affects the activity of serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system. The manipulation of SERT has lasting neurobiological and behavioral consequences, including developmental dysfunction, depression, and anxiety. Auditory disorders have been widely reported as the adverse events of these mental diseases. It is unclear how SERT impacts neuronal connections/interactions and what mechanism(s) may elicit the disruption of normal neural network functions in auditory cortex. In the present study, we report on the neuronal morphology and function of auditory cortex in SERT knockout (KO) mice. We show that the dendritic length of the fourth layer (L-IV) pyramidal neurons and the second-to-third layer (L-II/III) interneurons were reduced in the auditory cortex of the SERT KO mice. The number and density of dendritic spines of these neurons were significantly less than those of wild-type neurons. Also, the frequency-tonotopic organization of primary auditory cortex was disrupted in SERT KO mice. The auditory neurons of SERT KO mice exhibited border frequency tuning with high-intensity thresholds. These findings indicate that SERT plays a key role in development and functional maintenance of auditory cortical neurons. Auditory function should be examined when SERT is selected as a target in the treatment for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Pan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Functional Nucleic Acid Basic and Clinical Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Changsha Medical College, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Hearing Research Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Hearing Research Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Hearing Research Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Willadsen M, Uengoer M, Sługocka A, Schwarting RK, Homberg JR, Wöhr M. Fear Extinction and Predictive Trait-Like Inter-Individual Differences in Rats Lacking the Serotonin Transporter. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137088. [PMID: 34209318 PMCID: PMC8268876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are associated with a failure to sufficiently extinguish fear memories. The serotonergic system (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) with the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT, SERT) is strongly implicated in the regulation of anxiety and fear. In the present study, we examined the effects of SERT deficiency on fear extinction in a differential fear conditioning paradigm in male and female rats. Fear-related behavior displayed during acquisition, extinction, and recovery, was measured through quantification of immobility and alarm 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). Trait-like inter-individual differences in novelty-seeking, anxiety-related behavior, habituation learning, cognitive performance, and pain sensitivity were examined for their predictive value in forecasting fear extinction. Our results show that SERT deficiency strongly affected the emission of 22-kHz USV during differential fear conditioning. During acquisition, extinction, and recovery, SERT deficiency consistently led to a reduction in 22-kHz USV emission. While SERT deficiency did not affect immobility during acquisition, genotype differences started to emerge during extinction, and during recovery rats lacking SERT showed higher levels of immobility than wildtype littermate controls. Recovery was reflected in increased levels of immobility but not 22-kHz USV emission. Prominent sex differences were evident. Among several measures for trait-like inter-individual differences, anxiety-related behavior had the best predictive quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Willadsen
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenberg-Str. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; (M.W.); (R.K.W.S.)
| | - Metin Uengoer
- Associative Learning, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenberg-Str. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Anna Sługocka
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 4, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rainer K.W. Schwarting
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenberg-Str. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; (M.W.); (R.K.W.S.)
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Kapittelweg 29, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenberg-Str. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; (M.W.); (R.K.W.S.)
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
- KU Leuven, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Research Unit Brain and Cognition, Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Social and Affective Neuroscience Research Group, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32–16–19–45–57
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15
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Amani M, Houwing DJ, Homberg JR, Salari AA. Perinatal fluoxetine dose-dependently affects prenatal stress-induced neurobehavioural abnormalities, HPA-axis functioning and underlying brain alterations in rat dams and their offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 104:27-43. [PMID: 34186199 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Both untreated and SSRI antidepressant treated maternal depression during the perinatal period can pose both short-and long-term health risks to the offspring. Therefore, it is essential to have an effective SSRI treatment consisting of the lowest effective dose beneficial to the mother, without causing adverse effects on offspring development. The effects of prenatal stress on neurobehavioral outcomes were studied in the pregnant and lactating rat dam, and her offspring. Furthermore, stressed dams were treated with different doses of fluoxetine (FLX; 5, 10and 25 mg/kg) during pregnancy and the postpartum period. We found that prenatal stress-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviour and increased HPA-axis function in pregnant and postpartum dams, and in offspring. Maternal stress impaired object recognition but did not affect spatial memory in offspring. Prenatal stress decreased whole-brain serotonin and brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor, and increased interleukin-17 and malondialdehyde, but did not affect oxytocin and interleukin-6 in the brains of offspring. Maternal treatment with 5 mg/kg FLX during the perinatal period did not rescue any stress-induced anxiety/depressive-like behaviour in the pregnant and postpartum dam and had only a few rescuing effects in offspring. Maternal FLX treatment with 10 mg/kg did rescue most stress-induced anxiety-and depressive-like behaviour or HPA-axis-function in dams and offspring. The highest dose tested, 25 mg/kg FLX, had the rescuing properties in dams while having the same, or an even greater, detrimental effect as prenatal stress on offspring behaviour and molecular alterations in the brain. Our results show prenatal stress rescuing properties for FLX treatment in the pregnant and postpartum dam, with dose-dependent effects on the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Danielle J Houwing
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Center for Medical Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ali-Akbar Salari
- Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD), Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
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16
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Willadsen M, Uengoer M, Schwarting RKW, Homberg JR, Wöhr M. Reduced emission of alarm 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations during fear conditioning in rats lacking the serotonin transporter. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 108:110072. [PMID: 32800867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rats display a rich social behavioral repertoire. An important component of this repertoire is the emission of whistle-like calls in the ultrasonic range, so-called ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). Long low-frequency 22-kHz USV occur in aversive situations, including aggressive interactions, predator exposure, and electric shocks during fear conditioning. They are believed to reflect a negative affective state akin to anxiety and fear. A prominent theory suggests that 22-kHz USV function as alarm calls to warn conspecifics. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is strongly implicated in the regulation of affective states, particularly anxiety and fear. A key component of the system is the 5-HT transporter (5-HTT, also known as SERT), regulating 5-HT availability in the synaptic cleft. In the present experiment, we studied the effects of SERT deficiency on overt fear-related behavior and alarm 22-kHz USV during fear conditioning in male and female rats. While overt fear-related behavior was not affected by SERT deficiency and sex, the emission of alarm 22-kHz USV was clearly reduced in homozygous SERT-/- but not heterozygous SERT+/- mutants, as compared to their wildtype SERT+/+ littermate controls. Genotype effects were particularly prominent in females. Females in general emitted fewer alarm 22-kHz USV than males. This supports the view that 22-kHz USV are, at least partly, independently regulated from anxiety or fear and as socially mediated alarm calls do not simply express a negative affective state. Reduced 22-kHz USV emission in rats lacking SERT might be due to social deficits in the use of 22-kHz USV as a socio-affective signal to warn conspecifics about threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Willadsen
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenberg-Str. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Metin Uengoer
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenberg-Str. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rainer K W Schwarting
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenberg-Str. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Wöhr
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Experimental and Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenberg-Str. 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Philipps-University of Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany; Laboratory for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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17
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BDNF Overexpression in the Ventral Hippocampus Promotes Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-Like Activity in Serotonin Transporter Knockout Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095040. [PMID: 34068707 PMCID: PMC8126235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BDNF plays a pivotal role in neuroplasticity events, vulnerability and resilience to stress-related disorders, being decreased in depressive patients and increased after antidepressant treatment. BDNF was found to be reduced in patients carrying the human polymorphism in the serotonin transporter promoter region (5-HTTLPR). The serotonin knockout rat (SERT-/-) is one of the animal models used to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of depression in humans. They present decreased BDNF levels, and anxiety- and depression-like behavior. To investigate whether upregulating BDNF would ameliorate the phenotype of SERT-/- rats, we overexpressed BDNF locally into the ventral hippocampus and submitted the animals to behavioral testing. The results showed that BDNF overexpression in the vHIP of SERT-/- rats promoted higher sucrose preference and sucrose intake; on the first day of the sucrose consumption test it decreased immobility time in the forced swim test and increased the time spent in the center of a novel environment. Furthermore, BDNF overexpression altered social behavior in SERT-/- rats, which presented increased passive contact with test partner and decreased solitary behavior. Finally, it promoted decrease in plasma corticosterone levels 60 min after restraint stress. In conclusion, modulation of BDNF IV levels in the vHIP of SERT-/- rats led to a positive behavioral outcome placing BDNF upregulation in the vHIP as a potential target to new therapeutic approaches to improve depressive symptoms.
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18
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Namba MD, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Nagy EK, Olive MF, Neisewander JL. Neuroimmune Mechanisms as Novel Treatment Targets for Substance Use Disorders and Associated Comorbidities. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:650785. [PMID: 33935636 PMCID: PMC8082184 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.650785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies examining the neurobiology of substance abuse have revealed a significant role of neuroimmune signaling as a mechanism through which drugs of abuse induce aberrant changes in synaptic plasticity and contribute to substance abuse-related behaviors. Immune signaling within the brain and the periphery critically regulates homeostasis of the nervous system. Perturbations in immune signaling can induce neuroinflammation or immunosuppression, which dysregulate nervous system function including neural processes associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). In this review, we discuss the literature that demonstrates a role of neuroimmune signaling in regulating learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, emphasizing specific cytokine signaling within the central nervous system. We then highlight recent preclinical studies, within the last 5 years when possible, that have identified immune mechanisms within the brain and the periphery associated with addiction-related behaviors. Findings thus far underscore the need for future investigations into the clinical potential of immunopharmacology as a novel approach toward treating SUDs. Considering the high prevalence rate of comorbidities among those with SUDs, we also discuss neuroimmune mechanisms of common comorbidities associated with SUDs and highlight potentially novel treatment targets for these comorbid conditions. We argue that immunopharmacology represents a novel frontier in the development of new pharmacotherapies that promote long-term abstinence from drug use and minimize the detrimental impact of SUD comorbidities on patient health and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Namba
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Erin K. Nagy
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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19
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Becker M, Pinhasov A, Ornoy A. Animal Models of Depression: What Can They Teach Us about the Human Disease? Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:123. [PMID: 33466814 PMCID: PMC7830961 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is apparently the most common psychiatric disease among the mood disorders affecting about 10% of the adult population. The etiology and pathogenesis of depression are still poorly understood. Hence, as for most human diseases, animal models can help us understand the pathogenesis of depression and, more importantly, may facilitate the search for therapy. In this review we first describe the more common tests used for the evaluation of depressive-like symptoms in rodents. Then we describe different models of depression and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. These models can be divided into several categories: genetic models, models induced by mental acute and chronic stressful situations caused by environmental manipulations (i.e., learned helplessness in rats/mice), models induced by changes in brain neuro-transmitters or by specific brain injuries and models induced by pharmacological tools. In spite of the fact that none of the models completely resembles human depression, most animal models are relevant since they mimic many of the features observed in the human situation and may serve as a powerful tool for the study of the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of depression, especially since only few patients respond to acute treatment. Relevance increases by the fact that human depression also has different facets and many possible etiologies and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Becker
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Albert Pinhasov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
- Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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20
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Chaji D, Venkatesh VS, Shirao T, Day DJ, Ellenbroek BA. Genetic Knockout of the Serotonin Reuptake Transporter Results in the Reduction of Dendritic Spines in In vitro Rat Cortical Neuronal Culture. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:2210-2218. [PMID: 33403594 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the serotonergic system has been reported to have a significant role in several neurological disorders including depression, autism and substance abuse disorders. Changes in the expression of the serotonin transporter (SERT) through polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of the SERT gene have been associated, but not yet been conclusively linked to, neuropsychiatric disorders. In turn, dendritic spine structure and function are critical for neuronal function and the disruption of dendritic spine formation at glutamatergic synapses is a hallmark of several neuropsychiatric disorders. To understand the effect of SERT depletion on dendritic spine formation, neuronal cultures were established from the cortex of postnatal day 0-1 SERT knockout (KO) rats. Cortical neurons were subsequently allowed to mature to 21 days in vitro, and dendritic spine density was assessed using immunocytochemical co-labelling of drebrin and microtubule associated protein 2. Genetic knockout of the SERT had a gene-dose effect on dendritic spine densities of cortical neurons. The results of this paper implicate SERT function with the formation of dendritic spines at glutamatergic synapses, thereby offering insight into the aetiology of several neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Chaji
- School of Psychology, Behavioural Neurogenetics Group, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Varun S Venkatesh
- School of Psychology, Behavioural Neurogenetics Group, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Tomoaki Shirao
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Darren J Day
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bart A Ellenbroek
- School of Psychology, Behavioural Neurogenetics Group, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand.
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21
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Perinatal exposure of rats to the HIV drug efavirenz affects medial prefrontal cortex cytoarchitecture. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114050. [PMID: 32446887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Efavirenz (EFV) is used for antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection, and successfully inhibits viral replication and mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy and childbirth. Unfortunately, the drug induces neuropsychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and depressed mood and potentially affects cognitive performance. EFV acts on, among others, the serotonin transporter and serotonin receptors that are expressed in the developing brain. Yet, how perinatal EFV exposure affects brain cytoarchitecture remains unclear. Here, we exposed pregnant and lactating rats to EFV, and examined in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of their adult offspring the effects of the maternal EFV exposure on cortical architecture. We observed a significant decrease in the number of cells, mainly mature neurons, in the infra/prelimbic and cingulate cortices of adult offspring. Next, we found an altered cortical cytoarchitecture characterized by a significant reduction in deep- and superficial-layer cells. This was accompanied by a sharp increase in programmed cell death, as we identified a significantly higher number of cleaved Caspase-3-positive cells. Finally, the serotonergic and dopaminergic innervation of the mPFC subdomains was increased. Thus, the perinatal exposure to EFV provoked in the mPFC of adult offspring cell death, significant changes in cytoarchitecture, and disturbances in serotonergic and dopaminergic innervation. Our results are important in the light of EFV treatment of HIV-positive pregnant women, and its effect on brain development and cognitive behavior.
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22
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Lu Q, Murakami C, Murakami Y, Hoshino F, Asami M, Usuki T, Sakai H, Sakane F. 1‐Stearoyl‐2‐docosahexaenoyl‐phosphatidic acid interacts with and activates Praja‐1, the E3 ubiquitin ligase acting on the serotonin transporter in the brain. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1787-1796. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Chiaki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Fumi Hoshino
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Maho Asami
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Takako Usuki
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
| | - Hiromichi Sakai
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research Organization for Research and Academic Information Shimane University Izumo Japan
| | - Fumio Sakane
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Chiba University Chiba Japan
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23
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Diacylglycerol kinase δ destabilizes serotonin transporter protein through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Attenuation of auditory mismatch negativity in serotonin transporter knockout mice with anxiety-related behaviors. Behav Brain Res 2020; 379:112387. [PMID: 31783087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
As the first-line antidepressant drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have efficacy in controlling the symptoms of depression. However, adverse events such as anxiety and hearing disorders were usually observed in patients and even healthy volunteers during the initial phase of SSRI administration. Hearing disorders, including auditory hallucination and tinnitus, are not only highly comorbid with mental disorders but also acknowledged factors that induce psychiatric disorders. The pharmacological and neural mechanisms underlying SSRI-induced anxiety and hearing disorders are not clear. In particularly, the methods evaluating hearing disorders are not well established in animal models, limiting the pre-clinical research on its mechanism. In the present study, we examined the mismatch negativity (MMN), a cognitive component of auditory event-related potential (ERP), to evaluate the hearing process of auditory cortex in mice. Under the acute administration of citalopram, a widely used SSRI, the anxiety-related behaviors and reduced MMN were observed in mice. Serotonin transporter (SERT) is a potential target of SSRIs. The anxiety-related behaviors and reduced MMN were also observed in SERT knockout mice, implying the role of SERT in anxiety and hearing disorders induced by SSRIs. Meanwhile, the auditory brainstem response and initial components of auditory ERP were kept intact in SERT knockout mice, suggesting that hearing neural pathway is less affected by serotonergic system. Our study suggests that the SERT deficient mice might represent a useful animal model in the investigation of the anxiety and hearing disorders during the SSRI treatment.
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25
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Alonso L, Peeva P, Ramos-Prats A, Alenina N, Winter Y, Rivalan M. Inter-individual and inter-strain differences in cognitive and social abilities of Dark Agouti and Wistar Han rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 377:112188. [PMID: 31473288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Healthy animals displaying extreme behaviours that resemble human psychiatric symptoms are relevant models to study the natural psychobiological processes of maladapted behaviours. Using a Rat Gambling Task, healthy individuals spontaneously making poor decisions (PDMs) were found to co-express a combination of other cognitive and reward-based characteristics similar to symptoms observed in human patients with impulse-control disorders. The main goals of this study were to 1) confirm the existence of PDMs and their unique behavioural phenotypes in Dark Agouti (DA) and Wistar Han (WH) rats, 2) to extend the behavioural profile of the PDMs to probability-based decision-making and social behaviours and 3) to extract key discriminative traits between DA and WH strains, relevant for biomedical research. We have compared cognitive abilities, natural behaviours and physiological responses in DA and WH rats at the strain and at the individual level. Here we found that the naturally occurring PDM's profile was consistent between both rat lines. Then, although the PDM individuals did not take more risks in probability discounting task, they seemed to be of higher social ranks. Finally and despite their similarities in performance, WH and DA lines differed in degree of reward sensitivity, impulsivity, locomotor activity and open space-occupation. The reproducibility and conservation of the complex phenotypes of PDMs and GDMs (good decision makers) in these two genetically different strains support their translational potential. Both strains, present large phenotypic variation in behaviours pertinent for the study of the underlying mechanisms of poor decision making and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Alonso
- Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Polina Peeva
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnau Ramos-Prats
- Department of Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - York Winter
- Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion Rivalan
- Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany; Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Translational Studies in the Complex Role of Neurotransmitter Systems in Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1191:121-140. [PMID: 32002926 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of innovative anxiolytics is severely hampering. Existing anxiolytics are developed decades ago and are still the therapeutics of choice. Moreover, lack of new drug targets forecasts a severe jeopardy in the future treatment of the huge population of CNS-diseased patients. We simply lack the knowledge on what is wrong in brains of anxious people (normal and diseased). Translational research, based on interacting clinical and preclinical research, is extremely urgent. In this endeavor, genetic and genomic approaches are part of the spectrum of contributing factors. We focus on three druggable targets: serotonin transporter, 5-HT1A, and GABAA receptors. It is still uncertain whether and how these targets are involved in normal and diseased anxiety processes. For serotonergic anxiolytics, the slow onset of action points to indirect effects leading to plasticity changes in brain systems leading to reduced anxiety. For GABAA benzodiazepine drugs, acute anxiolytic effects are found indicating primary mechanisms directly influencing anxiety processes. Close translational collaboration between fundamental academic and discovery research will lead to badly needed breakthroughs in the search for new anxiolytics.
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27
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Serotonin transporter deficiency alters socioemotional ultrasonic communication in rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20283. [PMID: 31889084 PMCID: PMC6937290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56629-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been widely established that serotonin plays important role in the regulation of emotional and social behaviour. Rodents with a genetic deletion of the serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) are used as a model to study lifelong consequences of increased extracellular 5‐HT levels due to its impaired reuptake. SERT knock-out (SERT-KO) mice and rats consistently showed anxiety-like symptoms and social deficits. Nevertheless, the impact of SERT deletion on socioemotional ultrasonic communication has not been addressed. Here we investigated the impact of lifelong serotonin abundance on ultrasonic vocalisation accompanying social interactions and open field exploration in rats. SERT-KO rats displayed reduced overall duration of social contacts, but increased time spent on following the conspecific. The altered pattern of social behaviour in SERT-KO rats was accompanied by the structural changes in ultrasonic vocalisations, as they differed from their controls in distribution of call categories. Moreover, SERT deletion resulted in anxiety-like behaviours assessed in the open field test. Their anxious phenotype resulted in a lower tendency to emit appetitive 50-kHz calls during novelty exploration. The present study demonstrates that genetic deletion of SERT not only leads to the deficits in social interaction and increased anxiety but also affects ultrasonic communication.
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28
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Caffino L, Verheij MM, Que L, Guo C, Homberg JR, Fumagalli F. Increased cocaine self-administration in rats lacking the serotonin transporter: a role for glutamatergic signaling in the habenula. Addict Biol 2019; 24:1167-1178. [PMID: 30144237 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) and the habenula (Hb) contribute to motivational and emotional states such as depression and drug abuse. The dorsal raphe nucleus, where 5-HT neurons originate, and the Hb are anatomically and reciprocally interconnected. Evidence exists that 5-HT influences Hb glutamatergic transmission. Using serotonin transporter knockout (SERT-/- ) rats, which show depression-like behavior and increased cocaine intake, we investigated the effect of SERT reduction on expression of genes involved in glutamate neurotransmission under both baseline conditions as well as after short-access or long-access cocaine (ShA and LgA, respectively) intake. In cocaine-naïve animals, SERT removal led to reduced baseline Hb mRNA levels of critical determinants of glutamate transmission, such as SLC1A2, the main glutamate transporter and N-methyl-D-aspartate (Grin1, Grin2A and Grin2B) as well as α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (Gria1 and Gria2) receptor subunits, with no changes in the scaffolding protein Dlg4. In response to ShA and LgA cocaine intake, SLC1A2 and Grin1 mRNA levels decreased in SERT+/+ rats to levels equal of those of SERT-/- rats. Our data reveal that increased extracellular levels of 5-HT modulate glutamate neurotransmission in the Hb, serving as critical neurobiological substrate for vulnerability to cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Milano Italy
| | - Michel M.M. Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Animal Physiology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Lin Que
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre The Netherlands
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre The Netherlands
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, division of Molecular Neurogenetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourRadboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di Milano Italy
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29
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Gopaldas M, Zanderigo F, Zhan S, Ogden RT, Miller JM, Rubin-Falcone H, Cooper TB, Oquendo MA, Sullivan G, Mann JJ, Sublette ME. Brain serotonin transporter binding, plasma arachidonic acid and depression severity: A positron emission tomography study of major depression. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:495-503. [PMID: 31319341 PMCID: PMC6886679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) binding and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). Links between the two systems in animal models have not been investigated in humans. METHODS Using positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]DASB, we studied relationships between 5-HTT binding potential and plasma levels of PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) in medication-free MDD patients (n = 21). PUFAs were quantified using transesterification and gas chromatography. Binding potential BPP, and alternative outcome measures BPF and BPND, were determined for [11C]DASB in six a priori brain regions of interest (ROIs) using likelihood estimation in graphical analysis (LEGA) to calculate radioligand total distribution volume (VT), and a validated hybrid deconvolution approach (HYDECA) that estimates radioligand non-displaceable distribution volume (VND) without a reference region. Linear mixed models used PUFA levels as predictors and binding potential measures as outcomes across the specified ROIs; age and sex as fixed effects; and subject as random effect to account for across-region binding correlations. As nonlinear relationships were observed, a quadratic term was added to final models. RESULTS AA predicted both 5-HTT BPP and depression severity nonlinearly, described by an inverted U-shaped curve. 5-HTT binding potential mediated the relationship between AA and depression severity. LIMITATIONS Given the small sample and multiple comparisons, results require replication. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that AA status may impact depression pathophysiology through effects on serotonin transport. Future studies should examine whether these relationships explain therapeutic effects of PUFAs in the treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manesh Gopaldas
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serena Zhan
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - R. Todd Ogden
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Jeffrey M. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harry Rubin-Falcone
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas B. Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Maria A. Oquendo
- Psychiatry Department, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - J. John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - M. Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA,To whom correspondence should be addressed: New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 42, New York, NY 10032, Tel: 646 774-7514, Fax: 646 774-7589,
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30
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Olivier JDA, Olivier B. Antidepressants and Sexual Dysfunctions: a Translational Perspective. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-019-00205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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31
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Rogers J, Chen F, Stanic D, Farzana F, Li S, Zeleznikow-Johnston AM, Nithianantharajah J, Churilov L, Adlard PA, Lanfumey L, Hannan AJ, Renoir T. Paradoxical effects of exercise on hippocampal plasticity and cognition in mice with a heterozygous null mutation in the serotonin transporter gene. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3279-3296. [PMID: 31167040 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Exercise is known to improve cognitive function, but the exact synaptic and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the potential role of the serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) in mediating these effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and neurogenesis were measured in standard-housed and exercising (wheel running) wild-type (WT) and SERT heterozygous (HET) mice. We also assessed hippocampal-dependent cognition using the Morris water maze (MWM) and a spatial pattern separation touchscreen task. KEY RESULTS SERT HET mice had impaired hippocampal LTP regardless of the housing conditions. Exercise increased hippocampal neurogenesis in WT mice. However, this was not observed in SERT HET animals, even though both genotypes used the running wheels to a similar extent. We also found that standard-housed SERT HET mice displayed altered cognitive flexibility than WT littermate controls in the MWM reversal learning task. However, SERT HET mice no longer exhibited this phenotype after exercise. Cognitive changes, specific to SERT HET mice in the exercise condition, were also revealed on the touchscreen spatial pattern separation task, especially when the cognitive pattern separation load was at its highest. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study is the first evidence of reduced hippocampal LTP in SERT HET mice. We also show that functional SERT is required for exercise-induced increase in adult neurogenesis. Paradoxically, exercise had a negative impact on hippocampal-dependent cognitive tasks, especially in SERT HET mice. Taken together, our results suggest unique complex interactions between exercise and altered 5-HT homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Rogers
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Feng Chen
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Davor Stanic
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Farheen Farzana
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ariel M Zeleznikow-Johnston
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Geospatial Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul A Adlard
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- UMR S894, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Inserm UMR 894, Paris, France
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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32
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Yokokura M, Terada T, Bunai T, Nakaizumi K, Kato Y, Yoshikawa E, Futatsubashi M, Suzuki K, Yamasue H, Ouchi Y. Alterations in serotonin transporter and body image-related cognition in anorexia nervosa. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101928. [PMID: 31491815 PMCID: PMC6627582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The serotonin system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). A recent report proposed that body image distortion (BID), a core symptom of AN, may relate to abnormalities of the serotonin system, especially the serotonin transporter (5HTT). Positron emission tomography (PET) studies of underweight patients with active AN reported alterations in serotonin receptors, but not 5HTT. Here, we aimed to disclose the clinicopathophysiology of AN by focusing on 5HTT and cognitive functions, including BID, in groups with active AN. Twenty-two underweight female patients with AN (12 restricting-type AN (ANR); 10 binge-eating/purging-type AN (ANBP)) and 20 age-matched healthy female subjects underwent PET with a 5HTT radioligand [11C]DASB. The binding potential (BPND) of [11C]DASB was estimated semiquantitatively, and clinical data from Raven's colored progressive matrices for general intelligence, the Stroop test for focused attention, the Iowa gambling task for decision making and a dot-probe task designed for BID were compared with the levels of BPND in different groups. [11C]DASB BPND was significantly decreased in the medial parietal cortex in patients with AN and in the dorsal raphe in patients with ANR compared with healthy subjects (p < .05 corrected). Patients with ANR showed a significantly negative correlation between [11C]DASB BPND in the dorsal raphe and performance on the dot-probe task (p < .05 corrected). While reduced 5HTT in the medial parietal cortex (the somatosensory association area) is pathophysiologically important in AN in general, additional 5HTT reduction in the dorsal raphe as seen in ANR is implicated for the clinicopathophysiological relevance. 5HTT decreased in the parietal cortex in patients with AN. 5HTT decreased in the parietal cortex in patients with ANBP. 5HTT decreased in the parietal cortex and the dorsal raphe in patients with ANR. Patients with AN were poor at responding to the test for body image distortion (BID). 5HTT in the dorsal raphe was associated with cognitive performance of BID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Yokokura
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Terada
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Bunai
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nakaizumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Etsuji Yoshikawa
- Central Research Laboratory, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masami Futatsubashi
- Hamamatsu PET Imaging Center, Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yamasue
- Department of Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuomi Ouchi
- Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.
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Enhanced discriminative aversive learning and amygdala responsivity in 5-HT transporter mutant mice. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:139. [PMID: 30996249 PMCID: PMC6470159 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in the human serotonin transporter (5-HTT) has been linked to altered fear learning but the data are inconsistent and the mechanism is unclear. The present study investigated conditioned aversive learning in 5-HTT knockout (KO) mice while simultaneously recording neural network activity (theta oscillations) and hemodynamic responses (tissue oxygen delivery) from the amygdala, a brain region necessary for forming fearful memories. Conditioned aversive learning was measured using a discrimination learning task in which one auditory cue was paired with foot-shock, whereas a second auditory cue was not. Compared with wild-type mice, 5-HTTKO mice exhibited faster discrimination learning. This effect was associated with stronger theta frequency oscillations and greater hemodynamic changes in the amygdala in response to both the emotionally relevant cues and the unconditioned foot-shock stimulus. Furthermore, hemodynamic responses to the unconditioned stimulus predicted behavioral discrimination performance the following day. Acute pharmacological 5-HTT blockade in wild-type mice produced a similar effect, to the extent that administration of citalopram during the fear conditioning sessions enhanced fear memory recall. Collectively, our data argue that loss of 5-HTT function enhances amygdala responsivity to aversive events and facilitates learning for emotionally relevant cues.
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Kroes MCW, Henckens MJAG, Homberg JR. How serotonin transporter gene variance affects defensive behaviours along the threat imminence continuum. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Greven CU, Lionetti F, Booth C, Aron EN, Fox E, Schendan HE, Pluess M, Bruining H, Acevedo B, Bijttebier P, Homberg J. Sensory Processing Sensitivity in the context of Environmental Sensitivity: A critical review and development of research agenda. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:287-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Demin KA, Sysoev M, Chernysh MV, Savva AK, Koshiba M, Wappler-Guzzetta EA, Song C, De Abreu MS, Leonard B, Parker MO, Harvey BH, Tian L, Vasar E, Strekalova T, Amstislavskaya TG, Volgin AD, Alpyshov ET, Wang D, Kalueff AV. Animal models of major depressive disorder and the implications for drug discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:365-378. [PMID: 30793996 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1575360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is a highly debilitating psychiatric disorder that affects the global population and causes severe disabilities and suicide. Depression pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and the disorder is often treatment-resistant and recurrent, necessitating the development of novel therapies, models and concepts in this field. Areas covered: Animal models are indispensable for translational biological psychiatry, and markedly advance the study of depression. Novel approaches continuously emerge that may help untangle the disorder heterogeneity and unclear categories of disease classification systems. Some of these approaches include widening the spectrum of model species used for translational research, using a broader range of test paradigms, exploring new pathogenic pathways and biomarkers, and focusing more closely on processes beyond neural cells (e.g. glial, inflammatory and metabolic deficits). Expert opinion: Dividing the core symptoms into easily translatable, evolutionarily conserved phenotypes is an effective way to reevaluate current depression modeling. Conceptually novel approaches based on the endophenotype paradigm, cross-species trait genetics and 'domain interplay concept', as well as using a wider spectrum of model organisms and target systems will enhance experimental modeling of depression and antidepressant drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Demin
- a Institute of Experimental Medicine , Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St. Petersburg , Russia.,b Institute of Translational Biomedicine , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Maxim Sysoev
- c Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening , Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies , St. Petersburg , Russia.,d Institute of Experimental Medicine , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Maria V Chernysh
- b Institute of Translational Biomedicine , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | - Anna K Savva
- e Faculty of Biology , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia
| | | | | | - Cai Song
- h Research Institute of Marine Drugs and Nutrition , Guangdong Ocean University , Zhanjiang , China.,i Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute , Guangdong Ocean University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Murilo S De Abreu
- j Bioscience Institute , University of Passo Fundo (UPF) , Passo Fundo , Brazil
| | | | - Matthew O Parker
- l Brain and Behaviour Lab , School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth , Portsmouth , UK
| | - Brian H Harvey
- m Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences , Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
| | - Li Tian
- n Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- n Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine , University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- o Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, and Department of Normal Physiology , Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russia.,p Laboratory of Cognitive Dysfunctions , Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology , Moscow , Russia.,q Department of Neuroscience , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrey D Volgin
- g The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) , Slidell , LA , USA.,r Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia
| | - Erik T Alpyshov
- s School of Pharmacy , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- s School of Pharmacy , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- s School of Pharmacy , Southwest University , Chongqing , China.,t Almazov National Medical Research Centre , St. Petersburg , Russia.,u Ural Federal University , Ekaterinburg , Russia.,v Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies , St. Petersburg , Russia.,w Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine , St. Petersburg State University , St. Petersburg , Russia.,x Laboratory of Translational Biopsychiatry , Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine , Novosibirsk , Russia.,y ZENEREI Institute , Slidell , LA , USA.,z The International Stress and Behavior Society (ISBS), US HQ , New Orleans , LA , USA
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Hutchison SM, Mâsse LC, Brain U, Oberlander TF. A 6-year longitudinal study: Are maternal depressive symptoms and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment during pregnancy associated with everyday measures of executive function in young children? Early Hum Dev 2019; 128:21-26. [PMID: 30447406 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Building on research reports that early and chronic exposure to maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) adversely affects children's developing executive function (EF), this longitudinal study examined whether exposure to MDS and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant treatment during pregnancy predicted individual differences in EF at school age. METHODS In a longitudinal prospective cohort, maternal report of EF using the Behavior Rating Inventory of EF (BRIEF) was obtained from 139 children (77 females; non-exposed n = 88, SSRI exposed n = 51) at age 6 years. Clinician rated and self reports of MDS were also obtained spanning from the 2nd trimester to 6 years postpartum. RESULTS Higher levels of MDS, especially at 3 years, were associated with poorer maternal reports of EF skills at 6 years. Associations between prenatal SSRI exposure and EF outcomes were not significant, even when controlling for maternal education and MDS at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal exposure to MDS adversely effects developing child EF, even when maternal symptoms were treated with an SSRI antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Hutchison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada.
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Ursula Brain
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada
| | - Tim F Oberlander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Canada
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Maternal separation induces anhedonia in female heterozygous serotonin transporter knockout rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 356:204-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Zemdegs J, Rainer Q, Grossmann CP, Rousseau-Ralliard D, Grynberg A, Ribeiro E, Guiard BP. Anxiolytic- and Antidepressant-Like Effects of Fish Oil-Enriched Diet in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Deficient Mice. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:974. [PMID: 30622454 PMCID: PMC6308198 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the understanding of the therapeutic activity of antidepressant drugs, treatment-resistant depression is a public health issue prompting research to identify new therapeutic strategies. Evidence strongly suggests that nutrition might exert a significant impact on the onset, the duration and the severity of major depression. Accordingly, preclinical and clinical investigations demonstrated the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in anxiety and mood disorders. Although the neurobiological substrates of its action remain poorly documented, basic research has shown that omega-3 increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in brain regions associated with depression, as antidepressant drugs do. In contrast, low BDNF levels and hippocampal atrophy were observed in animal models of depression. In this context, the present study compared the effects of long-lasting fish oil-enriched diet, an important source of omega-3 fatty acids, between heterozygous BDNF+/- mice and their wild-type littermates. Our results demonstrated lower activation of Erk in BDNF+/- mice whereas this deficit was rescued by fish oil-enriched diet. In parallel, BDNF+/- mice displayed elevated hippocampal extracellular 5-HT levels in relation with a local decreased serotonin transporter protein level. Fish oil-enriched diet restored normal serotonergic tone by increasing the protein levels of serotonin transporter. At the cellular level, fish oil-enriched diet increased the pool of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus of BDNF+/- mice and the latter observations coincide with its ability to promote anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like response in these mutants. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the beneficial effects of long-term exposure to fish oil-enriched diet in behavioral paradigms known to recapitulate diverse abnormalities related to the depressive state specifically in mice with a partial loss of BDNF. These findings contrast with the mechanism of action of currently available antidepressant drugs for which the full manifestation of their therapeutic activity depends on the enhancement of serotoninergic and BDNF signaling. Further studies are warranted to determine whether fish oil supplementation could be used as an add-on strategy to conventional pharmacological interventions in treatment-resistant patients and relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Zemdegs
- Department of Physiology, Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.,Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Quentin Rainer
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Cindy P Grossmann
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Rousseau-Ralliard
- INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche BDR, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France.,INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1154, Laboratoire Lipides Membranaires et Régulations Fonctionnelles du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Alain Grynberg
- INRA, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1154, Laboratoire Lipides Membranaires et Régulations Fonctionnelles du Coeur et des Vaisseaux, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eliane Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology, Discipline of Nutrition Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Guiard
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France.,Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Tanaka M, Sato A, Kasai S, Hagino Y, Kotajima-Murakami H, Kashii H, Takamatsu Y, Nishito Y, Inagaki M, Mizuguchi M, Hall FS, Uhl GR, Murphy D, Sora I, Ikeda K. Brain hyperserotonemia causes autism-relevant social deficits in mice. Mol Autism 2018; 9:60. [PMID: 30498565 PMCID: PMC6258166 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0243-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperserotonemia in the brain is suspected to be an endophenotype of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reducing serotonin levels in the brain through modulation of serotonin transporter function may improve ASD symptoms. Methods We analyzed behavior and gene expression to unveil the causal mechanism of ASD-relevant social deficits using serotonin transporter (Sert) knockout mice. Results Social deficits were observed in both heterozygous knockout mice (HZ) and homozygous knockout mice (KO), but increases in general anxiety were only observed in KO mice. Two weeks of dietary restriction of the serotonin precursor tryptophan ameliorated both brain hyperserotonemia and ASD-relevant social deficits in Sert HZ and KO mice. The expression of rather distinct sets of genes was altered in Sert HZ and KO mice, and a substantial portion of these genes was also affected by tryptophan depletion. Tryptophan depletion in Sert HZ and KO mice was associated with alterations in the expression of genes involved in signal transduction pathways initiated by changes in extracellular serotonin or melatonin, a derivative of serotonin. Only expression of the AU015836 gene was altered in both Sert HZ and KO mice. AU015836 expression and ASD-relevant social deficits normalized after dietary tryptophan restriction. Conclusions These findings reveal a Sert gene dose-dependent effect on brain hyperserotonemia and related behavioral sequelae in ASD and a possible therapeutic target to normalize brain hyperserotonemia and ASD-relevant social deficits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-018-0243-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Tanaka
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506 Japan.,2Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,3Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506 Japan.,4Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kasai
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506 Japan
| | - Yoko Hagino
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506 Japan
| | - Hiroko Kotajima-Murakami
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kashii
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506 Japan
| | - Yukio Takamatsu
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506 Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishito
- 5Center for Basic Technology Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masumi Inagaki
- 3Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizuguchi
- 6Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - F Scott Hall
- 7Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH USA
| | - George R Uhl
- 8Branch of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD USA.,9Research Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM USA
| | - Dennis Murphy
- 10Laboratory of Clinical Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ichiro Sora
- 11Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506 Japan.,2Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Verheij MMM, Contet C, Karel P, Latour J, van der Doelen RHA, Geenen B, van Hulten JA, Meyer F, Kozicz T, George O, Koob GF, Homberg JR. Median and Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Neurons Control Moderate Versus Compulsive Cocaine Intake. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:1024-1035. [PMID: 29357981 PMCID: PMC5960600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced expression of the serotonin transporter (SERT) promotes anxiety and cocaine intake in both humans and rats. We tested the hypothesis that median raphe nucleus (MRN) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonergic projections differentially mediate these phenotypes. METHODS We used virally mediated RNA interference to locally downregulate SERT expression and compared the results with those of constitutive SERT knockout. Rats were allowed either short access (ShA) (1 hour) or long access (LgA) (6 hours) to cocaine self-administration to model moderate versus compulsive-like cocaine taking. RESULTS SERT knockdown in the MRN increased cocaine intake selectively under ShA conditions and, like ShA cocaine self-administration, reduced corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) immunodensity in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. In contrast, SERT knockdown in the DRN increased cocaine intake selectively under LgA conditions and, like LgA cocaine self-administration, reduced CRF immunodensity in the central nucleus of the amygdala. SERT knockdown in the MRN or DRN produced anxiety-like behavior, as did withdrawal from ShA or LgA cocaine self-administration. The phenotype of SERT knockout rats was a summation of the phenotypes generated by MRN- and DRN-specific SERT knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight a differential role of serotonergic projections arising from the MRN and DRN in the regulation of cocaine intake. We propose that a cocaine-induced shift from MRN-driven serotonergic control of CRF levels in the hypothalamus to DRN-driven serotonergic control of CRF levels in the amygdala may contribute to the transition from moderate to compulsive intake of cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel M M Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular and Animal Physiology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Candice Contet
- Department of Molecular and Animal Physiology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Karel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Latour
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rick H A van der Doelen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Geenen
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Francisca Meyer
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Molecular and Animal Physiology, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - George F Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Lu Q, Komenoi S, Usuki T, Takahashi D, Sakane F. Abnormalities of the serotonergic system in diacylglycerol kinase δ-deficient mouse brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:1031-1037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rogers J, Renoir T, Hannan AJ. Gene-environment interactions informing therapeutic approaches to cognitive and affective disorders. Neuropharmacology 2017; 145:37-48. [PMID: 29277490 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene-environment interactions drive experience-dependent changes in the brain that alter cognition, emotion and behaviour. Positive engagement with the environment, through novel experience and physical activity, can improve brain function, although the mechanisms mediating such experience-dependent plasticity remain to be fully elucidated. In this article, we discuss the therapeutic value of environmental stimuli, exercise and environmental enrichment (EE), for cognitive and affective disorders, with implications for the understanding and treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. We demonstrate that environmental manipulations are potential therapeutic strategies for improving outcomes in these psychiatric disorders, including beneficial impacts on cognition. We discuss how EE and exercise are therapeutic environmental interventions impacting both affective and cognitive function. Serotonergic (5-HTergic) signaling is strongly implicated in the manifestation of psychiatric disorders and regulates cognitive and emotional processing that can underpin them. Thus, we focus on evidence implicating the serotonergic system in mediating gene-environment interactions to EE and exercise. Finally, we discuss robust gene-environment interactions associated with EE and exercise interventions, and their impacts on specific brain areas, particularly the hippocampus. We focus on potential mediators of this experience-dependent plasticity, including adult neurogenesis and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, we explore molecular and cellular mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity that potentially underlie the restoration of affective and cognitive phenotypes, thus identifying novel therapeutic targets. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Neurobiology of Environmental Enrichment".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Rogers
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thibault Renoir
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Anthony J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Rogers J, Li S, Lanfumey L, Hannan AJ, Renoir T. Environmental enrichment reduces innate anxiety with no effect on depression-like behaviour in mice lacking the serotonin transporter. Behav Brain Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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45
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Rotem-Kohavi N, Oberlander TF. Variations in Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Children with Prenatal SSRI Antidepressant Exposure. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:909-923. [DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naama Rotem-Kohavi
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Vancouver BC
| | - Tim F. Oberlander
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute; Vancouver BC
- Department of Pediatrics; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC
- School of Population and Public Health; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC
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Simmler LD, Liechti ME. Interactions of Cathinone NPS with Human Transporters and Receptors in Transfected Cells. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2017; 32:49-72. [PMID: 27272068 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2016_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological assays carried out in transfected cells have been very useful for describing the mechanism of action of cathinone new psychoactive substances (NPS). These in vitro characterizations provide fast and reliable information on psychoactive substances soon after they emerge for recreational use. Well-investigated comparator compounds, such as methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, cocaine, and lysergic acid diethylamide, should always be included in the characterization to enhance the translation of the in vitro data into clinically useful information. We classified cathinone NPS according to their pharmacology at monoamine transporters and receptors. Cathinone NPS are monoamine uptake inhibitors and most induce transporter-mediated monoamine efflux with weak to no activity at pre- or postsynaptic receptors. Cathinones with a nitrogen-containing pyrrolidine ring emerged as NPS that are extremely potent transporter inhibitors but not monoamine releasers. Cathinones exhibit clinically relevant differences in relative potencies at serotonin vs. dopamine transporters. Additionally, cathinone NPS have more dopaminergic vs. serotonergic properties compared with their non-β-keto amphetamine analogs, suggesting more stimulant and reinforcing properties. In conclusion, in vitro pharmacological assays in heterologous expression systems help to predict the psychoactive and toxicological effects of NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda D Simmler
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine and Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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47
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Schipper P, Henckens MJAG, Borghans B, Hiemstra M, Kozicz T, Homberg JR. Prior fear conditioning does not impede enhanced active avoidance in serotonin transporter knockout rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 326:77-86. [PMID: 28286283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Stressors can be actively or passively coped with, and adequate adaption of the coping response to environmental conditions can reduce their potential deleterious effects. One major factor influencing stress coping behaviour is serotonin transporter (5-HTT) availability. Abolishment of 5-HTT is known to impair fear extinction but facilitates acquisition of signalled active avoidance (AA), a behavioural task in which an animal learns to avoid an aversive stimulus that is predicted by a cue. Flexibility in adapting coping behaviour to the nature of the stressor shapes resilience to stress-related disorders. Therefore, we investigated the relation between 5-HTT expression and ability to adapt a learned coping response to changing environmental conditions. To this end, we first established and consolidated a cue-conditioned passive fear response in 5-HTT-/- and wildtype rats. Next, we used the conditioned stimulus (CS) to signal oncoming shocks during signalled AA training in 5-HTT-/- and wildtype rats to study their capability to acquire an active coping response to the CS following fear conditioning. Finally, we investigated the behavioural response to the CS in a novel environment and measured freezing, exploration and self-grooming, behaviours reflective of stress coping strategy. We found that fear conditioned and sham conditioned 5-HTT-/- animals acquired the signalled AA response faster than wildtypes, while prior conditioning briefly delayed AA learning similarly in both genotypes. Subsequent exposure to the CS in the novel context reduced freezing and increased locomotion in 5-HTT-/- compared to wildtype rats. This indicates that improved AA performance in 5-HTT-/- rats resulted in a weaker residual passive fear response to the CS in a novel context. Fear conditioning prior to AA training did not affect freezing upon re-encountering the CS, although it did reduce locomotion in 5-HTT-/- rats. We conclude that independent of 5-HTT signalling, prior fear conditioning does not greatly impair the acquisition of subsequent active coping behaviour when the situation allows for it. Abolishment of 5-HTT results in a more active coping style in case of novelty-induced fear and upon CS encounter in a novel context after AA learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Schipper
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 126), 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes J A G Henckens
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 126), 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Anatomy Department, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 109), 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Borghans
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 126), 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies Hiemstra
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 126), 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Anatomy Department, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 109), 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Geert Grooteplein 21 (route 126), 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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48
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Houwing DJ, Buwalda B, van der Zee EA, de Boer SF, Olivier JDA. The Serotonin Transporter and Early Life Stress: Translational Perspectives. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:117. [PMID: 28491024 PMCID: PMC5405142 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the serotonin transporter (SERT) linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) and adverse early life stressing (ELS) events is associated with enhanced stress susceptibility and risk to develop mental disorders like major depression, anxiety, and aggressiveness. In particular, human short allele carriers are at increased risk. This 5-HTTLPR polymorphism is absent in the rodent SERT gene, but heterozygous SERT knockout rodents (SERT+/−) show several similarities to the human S-allele carrier, therefore creating an animal model of the human situation. Many rodent studies investigated ELS interactions in SERT knockout rodents combined with ELS. However, underlying neuromolecular mechanisms of the (mal)adaptive responses to adversity displayed by SERT rodents remain to be elucidated. Here, we provide a comprehensive review including studies describing mechanisms underlying SERT variation × ELS interactions in rodents. Alterations at the level of translation and transcription but also epigenetic alterations considerably contribute to underlying mechanisms of SERT variation × ELS interactions. In particular, SERT+/− rodents exposed to adverse early rearing environment may be of high translational and predictive value to the more stress sensitive human short-allele carrier, considering the similarity in neurochemical alterations. Therefore, SERT+/− rodents are highly relevant in research that aims to unravel the complex psychopathology of mental disorders. So far, most studies fail to show solid evidence for increased vulnerability to develop affective-like behavior after ELS in SERT+/− rodents. Several reasons may underlie these failures, e.g., (1) stressors used might not be optimal or severe enough to induce maladaptations, (2) effects in females are not sufficiently studied, and (3) few studies include both behavioral manifestations and molecular correlates of ELS-induced effects in SERT+/− rodents. Of course, one should not exclude the (although unlikely) possibility of SERT+/− rodents not being sensitive to ELS. In conclusion, future studies addressing ELS-induced effects in the SERT+/− rodents should extensively study both long-term behavioral and (epi)genetic aspects in both sexes. Finally, further research is warranted using more severe stressors in animal models. From there on, we should be able to draw solid conclusions whether the SERT+/− exposed to ELS is a suitable translational animal model for studying 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and stress interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J Houwing
- Unit Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Bauke Buwalda
- Unit Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Eddy A van der Zee
- Unit Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Sietse F de Boer
- Unit Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
| | - Jocelien D A Olivier
- Unit Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of GroningenGroningen, Netherlands
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49
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Homberg JR, Kozicz T, Fernández G. Large-scale network balances in the transition from adaptive to maladaptive stress responses. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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50
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Stenseng F, Li Z, Belsky J, Hygen BW, Skalicka V, Guzey IC, Wichstrøm L. Peer Problems and Hyperactivity-Impulsivity Among Norwegian and American Children: The Role of 5-HTTLPR. Child Dev 2017; 89:509-524. [PMID: 28295205 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Peer problems are linked to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and the serotonin system is thought to be involved in ADHD-related behavior. Hence, from a Gene × Environment perspective, the serotonin transporter 5-HTTLPR may play a moderating role. In two large community samples, the moderating role of 5-HTTLPR was examined related to more hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms (HI symptoms) predicted by more peer problems. In Study 1, involving 642 Norwegian children, results indicated that for s-allele carriers only, caregiver-reported peer problems at age 4 predicted more parent-reported HI symptoms at age 6. In Study 2, similar results emerged involving 482 American children. Discussion focuses on differential sensitivity to the adverse effects of poor peer relations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Li
- University of California, Davis
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