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Bo K, Kraynak TE, Kwon M, Sun M, Gianaros PJ, Wager TD. A systems identification approach using Bayes factors to deconstruct the brain bases of emotion regulation. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:975-987. [PMID: 38519748 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal is fundamental to cognitive therapies and everyday emotion regulation. Analyses using Bayes factors and an axiomatic systems identification approach identified four reappraisal-related components encompassing distributed neural activity patterns across two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies (n = 182 and n = 176): (1) an anterior prefrontal system selectively involved in cognitive reappraisal; (2) a fronto-parietal-insular system engaged by both reappraisal and emotion generation, demonstrating a general role in appraisal; (3) a largely subcortical system activated during negative emotion generation but unaffected by reappraisal, including amygdala, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray; and (4) a posterior cortical system of negative emotion-related regions downregulated by reappraisal. These systems covaried with individual differences in reappraisal success and were differentially related to neurotransmitter binding maps, implicating cannabinoid and serotonin systems in reappraisal. These findings challenge 'limbic'-centric models of reappraisal and provide new systems-level targets for assessing and enhancing emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Bo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Thomas E Kraynak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mijin Kwon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Michael Sun
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Peter J Gianaros
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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2
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Jhang YT, Liang CW. The effect of uncertainty on attentional bias in subclinical worriers: Evidence from reaction time and eye-tracking. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 81:101842. [PMID: 36827945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES High-worry individuals have been assumed to show attentional bias towards threat, particularly under high uncertainty. This study experimentally investigated the effect of uncertainty on attentional bias in subclinical worriers. METHODS A visual dot-probe task combined with eye-tracking was used to assess participants' attentional bias towards blurred and unfiltered stimuli. Fifty high-worry and 47 low-worry participants were randomly assigned to either the high- or low-uncertainty threat condition. Aversive noise bursts were delivered either unpredictably (the high-uncertainty threat condition) or predictably (the low-uncertainty threat condition) during the visual dot-probe task. RESULTS In the low-uncertainty threat condition, high-worry participants exhibited enhanced attentional engagement towards blurred pictures compared to low-worry participants. They also had shorter initial fixation latencies on blurred pictures than on unfiltered pictures. In the high-uncertainty threat condition, high-worry participants demonstrated more difficulty in disengaging from threatening pictures compared to low-worry participants. LIMITATION First, this study used a nonclinical sample. Second, the power was limited with regard to the analysis of eye-movement data. Third, anxiety and worry induced by noise bursts were measured using subjective rating scales only. Fourth, some picture characteristics, such as luminosity and complexity, were not controlled. Finally, uncertainty related to delivery of noise bursts and pictures were both manipulated dichotomously. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of uncertainty in the maintenance of attentional bias towards threat-related pictures in high-worry individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Jhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No.71, Longshou St., Taoyuan Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chi-Wen Liang
- Department of Psychology, Chung Yuan Christian University, No. 200, Zhongbei Rd., Zhong Li Dist., Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC.
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3
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Picó-Pérez M, Fullana MA, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Vega D, Marco-Pallarés J, Vilar A, Chamorro J, Felmingham KL, Harrison BJ, Radua J, Soriano-Mas C. Neural predictors of cognitive-behavior therapy outcome in anxiety-related disorders: a meta-analysis of task-based fMRI studies. Psychol Med 2023; 53:3387-3395. [PMID: 35916600 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721005444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) is a well-established first-line intervention for anxiety-related disorders, including specific phobia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder/agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Several neural predictors of CBT outcome for anxiety-related disorders have been proposed, but previous results are inconsistent. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating whole-brain predictors of CBT outcome in anxiety-related disorders (17 studies, n = 442). RESULTS Across different tasks, we observed that brain response in a network of regions involved in salience and interoception processing, encompassing fronto-insular (the right inferior frontal gyrus-anterior insular cortex) and fronto-limbic (the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex-dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) cortices was strongly associated with a positive CBT outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that there are robust neural predictors of CBT outcome in anxiety-related disorders that may eventually lead (probably in combination with other data) to develop personalized approaches for the treatment of these mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Picó-Pérez
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center - Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Miquel A Fullana
- Adult Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anton Albajes-Eizagirre
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Opticks Security, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Vega
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Consorci Sanitari de l'Anoia & Fundació Sanitària d'Igualada, Igualada, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal & Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Marco-Pallarés
- Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Vilar
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Hospital de Dia Infanto Juvenil Litoral Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacobo Chamorro
- Anxiety Unit, Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addictions, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Imaging of Mood- and Anxiety-Related Disorders (IMARD) Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Lam CL, Wong CH, Junghöfer M, Roesmann K. Implicit threat learning involves the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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5
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Wlad M, Frick A, Engman J, Hjorth O, Hoppe JM, Faria V, Wahlstedt K, Björkstrand J, Månsson KN, Hultberg S, Alaie I, Rosén J, Fredrikson M, Furmark T, Gingnell M. Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activity during cognitive challenge in social anxiety disorder. Behav Brain Res 2023; 442:114304. [PMID: 36681164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with aberrant emotional information processing while little is known about non-emotional cognitive processing biases. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) has been implicated in SAD neuropathology and is activated both by emotional and non-affective cognitive challenges like the Multisource Interference Task (MSIT). METHODS Here, we used fMRI to compare dACC activity and test performance during MSIT in 69 SAD patients and 38 healthy controls. In addition to patient-control comparisons, we examined whether neural activity in the dACC correlated with social anxiety, trait anxiety or depression levels. RESULTS The MSIT activated the dACC as expected but with no differences in task performance or neural reactivity between SAD patients and controls. There were no significant correlations between dACC activity and social or trait anxiety symptom severity. In patients, there was a significant negative correlation between dACC activity and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In absence of affective challenge, we found no disorder-related cognitive profile in SAD patients since neither MSIT task performance nor dACC neural activity deviated in patients relative to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wlad
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Frick
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Engman
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Olof Hjorth
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Johanna M Hoppe
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Vanda Faria
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Brain and Eye Pain Imaging Lab, Pain and Affective Neuroscience Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell & Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Kurt Wahlstedt
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | | | - Kristoffer Nt Månsson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sara Hultberg
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Iman Alaie
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jörgen Rosén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mats Fredrikson
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Furmark
- Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Malin Gingnell
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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6
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Cognitive Neuroscience of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:53-67. [PMID: 36740355 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive neuroscientific research has the ability to yield important insights into the complex neurobiological processes underlying obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This article provides an updated review of neuroimaging studies in seven neurocognitive domains. Findings from the literature are discussed in the context of obsessive-compulsive phenomenology and treatment. Expanding our knowledge of the neural mechanisms involved in OCD could help optimize treatment outcomes and guide the development of novel interventions.
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Zhou Y, He Y, Jin Y, Zeidman P, Gao L, Rong B, Huang H, Feng Y, Cui J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang G, Xiang YT, Wang H. Amygdala connectivity related to subsequent stress responses during the COVID-19 outbreak. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:999934. [PMID: 36911118 PMCID: PMC9996006 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.999934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The amygdala plays an important role in stress responses and stress-related psychiatric disorders. It is possible that amygdala connectivity may be a neurobiological vulnerability marker for stress responses or stress-related psychiatric disorders and will be useful to precisely identify the vulnerable individuals before stress happens. However, little is known about the relationship between amygdala connectivity and subsequent stress responses. The current study investigated whether amygdala connectivity measured before experiencing stress is a predisposing neural feature of subsequent stress responses while individuals face an emergent and unexpected event like the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods Data collected before the COVID-19 pandemic from an established fMRI cohort who lived in the pandemic center in China (Hubei) during the COVID-19 outbreak were used to investigate the relationship between amygdala connectivity and stress responses during and after the pandemic in 2020. The amygdala connectivity was measured with resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and effective connectivity. Results We found the rsFC of the right amygdala with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) was negatively correlated with the stress responses at the first survey during the COVID-19 outbreak, and the rsFC between the right amygdala and bilateral superior frontal gyri (partially overlapped with the dmPFC) was correlated with SBSC at the second survey. Dynamic causal modeling suggested that the self-connection of the right amygdala was negatively correlated with stress responses during the pandemic. Discussion Our findings expand our understanding about the role of amygdala in stress responses and stress-related psychiatric disorders and suggest that amygdala connectivity is a predisposing neural feature of subsequent stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yuening Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peter Zeidman
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lianlu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Rong
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Feng
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Cui
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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8
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Beckers T, Hermans D, Lange I, Luyten L, Scheveneels S, Vervliet B. Understanding clinical fear and anxiety through the lens of human fear conditioning. NATURE REVIEWS PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 2:233-245. [PMID: 36811021 PMCID: PMC9933844 DOI: 10.1038/s44159-023-00156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Fear is an adaptive emotion that mobilizes defensive resources upon confrontation with danger. However, fear becomes maladaptive and can give rise to the development of clinical anxiety when it exceeds the degree of threat, generalizes broadly across stimuli and contexts, persists after the danger is gone or promotes excessive avoidance behaviour. Pavlovian fear conditioning has been the prime research instrument that has led to substantial progress in understanding the multi-faceted psychological and neurobiological mechanisms of fear in past decades. In this Perspective, we suggest that fruitful use of Pavlovian fear conditioning as a laboratory model of clinical anxiety requires moving beyond the study of fear acquisition to associated fear conditioning phenomena: fear extinction, generalization of conditioned fear and fearful avoidance. Understanding individual differences in each of these phenomena, not only in isolation but also in how they interact, will further strengthen the external validity of the fear conditioning model as a tool with which to study maladaptive fear as it manifests in clinical anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Beckers
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Hermans
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Iris Lange
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Luyten
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Scheveneels
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bram Vervliet
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Comparison of behavioral and brain indices of fear renewal during a standard vs. novel immersive reality Pavlovian fear extinction paradigm in healthy adults. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114154. [PMID: 36244544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pavlovian conditioning paradigms model the learned fear associations inherent in posttraumatic stress disorder, including the renewal of inappropriate fear responses following extinction learning. However, very few studies in humans investigate the underlying neural mechanisms involved in fear renewal despite its clinical importance. To address this issue, our lab designed a novel, immersive-reality Pavlovian fear acquisition, extinction, recall, and renewal paradigm. We utilized an ecological threat - a snake striking towards the participant - as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Context and background were dynamic and included both visual and auditory cues that are relevant to everyday life. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures (US expectancy ratings), we examined the validity of this Novel paradigm in healthy adults (n = 49) and compared it to a Standard, well-validated 2D paradigm (n = 28). The Novel paradigm, compared to the Standard, was associated with greater hippocampal activation throughout the task. Participants who underwent the Standard paradigm, compared to the Novel, also displayed insula activation; however, this was not specific to stimulus or time. During fear renewal, the Novel paradigm was associated with dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activation to CS+ (> CS-). Overall, we found that our Novel, immersive-reality paradigm, which features an ecologically relevant US, elicited greater corticolimbic activation. These results suggest that immersive Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigms paired with innately fearful stimuli may improve translatability of preclinical paradigms to clinical interventions for fear-based disorders.
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10
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Laing PAF, Felmingham KL, Davey CG, Harrison BJ. The neurobiology of Pavlovian safety learning: Towards an acquisition-expression framework. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104882. [PMID: 36150453 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Safety learning creates associations between conditional stimuli and the absence of threat. Studies of human fear conditioning have accumulated evidence for the neural signatures of safety over various paradigms, aligning on several common brain systems. While these systems are often interpreted as underlying safety learning in a generic sense, they may instead reflect the expression of learned safety, pertaining to processes of fear inhibition, positive affect, and memory. Animal models strongly suggest these can be separable from neural circuits implicated in the conditioning process itself (or safety acquisition). While acquisition-expression distinctions are ubiquitous in behavioural science, this lens has not been applied to safety learning, which remains a novel area in the field. In this mini-review, we overview findings from prevalent safety paradigms in humans, and synthesise these with insights from animal models to propose that the neurobiology of safety learning be conceptualised along an acquisition-expression model, with the aim of stimulating richer brain-based characterisations of this important process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A F Laing
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Kim L Felmingham
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Baroreflex sensitivity derived from the Valsalva manoeuvre: A physiological protective factor for anxiety induced by breathing CO 2-enriched air. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:101-109. [PMID: 35809687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the capacity of baroreflex sensitivity, derived from the Valsalva manoeuvre (BRS_v), to predict state anxiety induced by a biological stressor (CO2 inhalation). Healthy adults (n = 50) breathed 7.5 % CO2-enriched air for 8 min, preceded and followed by breathing medical air for 5 min. State anxiety was evaluated with a visual analogue scale. Anxiety sensitivity (Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3; ASI-3) and trait anxiety (Trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; STAI_T) served as cognitive-affective predictors. BRS_v was adopted as a physiological predictor. Multiple regression analysis revealed that BRS_v predicted lower anxiety during CO2 exposure, and attenuated the effect of ASI-3 in increasing anxiety. No significant effects were found for STAI_T. This is the first study to identify baroreflex sensitivity as a strong protective physiological factor for anxiety beyond the effect of anxiety sensitivity.
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Transcriptome Profiling of the Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex in Suicide Victims. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137067. [PMID: 35806070 PMCID: PMC9266666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) plays an outstanding role in psychiatric disorders. Still, gene expressional changes in its major component, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), have not been characterized. We used RNA sequencing in postmortem DMPFC samples to investigate suicide victims compared to control subjects. 1400 genes differed using log2FC > ±1 and adjusted p-value < 0.05 criteria between groups. Genes associated with depressive disorder, schizophrenia and impaired cognition were strongly overexpressed in top differentially expressed genes. Protein−protein interaction and co-expressional networks coupled with gene set enrichment analysis revealed that pathways related to cytokine receptor signaling were enriched in downregulated, while glutamatergic synaptic signaling upregulated genes in suicidal individuals. A validated differentially expressed gene, which is known to be associated with mGluR5, was the N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding protein 2 (NECAB2). In situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry proved that NECAB2 is expressed in two different types of inhibitory neurons located in layers II-IV and VI, respectively. Our results imply extensive gene expressional alterations in the DMPFC related to suicidal behavior. Some of these genes may contribute to the altered mental state and behavior of suicide victims.
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Behavioral and neural responses during fear conditioning and extinction in a large transdiagnostic sample. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103060. [PMID: 35679785 PMCID: PMC9189200 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and neural responses during Pavlovian fear learning were examined in a large sample of healthy and individuals with anxiety and depression. Latent profile models to threat were derived from behavioral and neural data. Demographic, cognitive, and psychological variables did not robustly characterize latent profiles. Neuroimaging data did not evidence functional role of amygdala in fear learning. Human fear learning recruited a distributed network of regions involved in interoceptive, cognitive, motivational, and psychomotor processes.
Background Dysregulation of fear learning has been associated with psychiatric disorders that have altered positive and negative valence domain function. While amygdala-insula-prefrontal circuitry is considered important for fear learning, there have been inconsistencies in neural findings in healthy and clinical human samples. This study aimed to delineate the neural substrates and behavioral responses during fear learning in a large, transdiagnostic sample with predominantly depressive and/or anxious dysfunction. Methods Two-hundred and eighty-two individuals (52 healthy participants; 230 participants with depression and/or anxiety-related problems) from the Tulsa 1000 study, an ongoing, naturalistic longitudinal study based on a dimensional psychopathological framework, completed a Pavlovian fear learning task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Linear mixed-effects analyses examined condition-by-time effects on brain activation (CS+, CS- across familiarization, conditioning, and extinction trials). A data-driven latent profile analysis (LPA) examined distinct patterns of behavioral and neural responses to threat across fear conditioning and extinction, while logistic regression analyses evaluated cognitive-affective predictors of latent profiles. Results Whole-brain analyses revealed a condition-by-time interaction in the anterior insula, postcentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and cerebellum but not amygdala. The LPA identified distinct latent profiles across subjective and neural levels of measurement. Anterior insula profiles were characterized by marginal differences in age and state anxiety. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that human fear learning recruits a distributed network of regions involved in interoceptive, cognitive, motivational, and psychomotor processes. Data-driven analyses identified distinct profiles of subjective and neural responses during fear learning that transcended clinical diagnoses, but no robust relationships to demographic or cognitive-affective variable were identified.
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14
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Hall CV, Harrison BJ, Iyer KK, Savage HS, Zakrzewski M, Simms LA, Radford-Smith G, Moran RJ, Cocchi L. Microbiota links to neural dynamics supporting threat processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:733-749. [PMID: 34811847 PMCID: PMC8720184 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing recognition that the composition of the gut microbiota influences behaviour, including responses to threat. The cognitive‐interoceptive appraisal of threat‐related stimuli relies on dynamic neural computations between the anterior insular (AIC) and the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) cortices. If, to what extent, and how microbial consortia influence the activity of this cortical threat processing circuitry is unclear. We addressed this question by combining a threat processing task, neuroimaging, 16S rRNA profiling and computational modelling in healthy participants. Results showed interactions between high‐level ecological indices with threat‐related AIC‐dACC neural dynamics. At finer taxonomic resolutions, the abundance of Ruminococcus was differentially linked to connectivity between, and activity within the AIC and dACC during threat updating. Functional inference analysis provides a strong rationale to motivate future investigations of microbiota‐derived metabolites in the observed relationship with threat‐related brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin V Hall
- Clinical Brain Networks Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ben J Harrison
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kartik K Iyer
- Clinical Brain Networks Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hannah S Savage
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martha Zakrzewski
- Gut Health LAB, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lisa A Simms
- Gut Health LAB, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham Radford-Smith
- Gut Health LAB, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rosalyn J Moran
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Luca Cocchi
- Clinical Brain Networks Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Political Orientation as Psychological Defense or Basic Disposition? A Social Neuroscience Examination. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 22:586-599. [PMID: 34766245 PMCID: PMC9090880 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Psychological views on political orientation generally agree that conservatism is associated with negativity bias but disagree on the form of that association. Some view conservatism as a psychological defense that insulates from negative stimuli and events. Others view conservatism as a consequence of increased dispositional sensitivity to negative stimuli and events. Further complicating matters, research shows that conservatives are sometimes more and sometimes less sensitive to negative stimuli and events. The current research integrates these opposing views and results. We reasoned that conservatives should typically be less sensitive to negative stimuli if conservative beliefs act as a psychological defense. However, when core components of conservative beliefs are threatened, the psychological defense may fall, and conservatives may show heightened sensitivity to negative stimuli. In two ERP studies, participants were randomly assigned to either an ostensibly real economic threat or a nonthreatening control condition. To measure reactivity to negative stimuli, we indexed the P3 component to aversive white noise bursts in an auditory oddball paradigm. In both studies, the relationship between increased conservatism and P3 mean amplitude was negative in the control condition but positive in threat condition (this relationship was stronger in Study 2). In Study 2, source localization of the P3 component revealed that, after threat, conservatism was associated with increased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, regions associated with conflict-related processes. These results demonstrate that the link between conservatism and negativity bias is context-dependent, i.e., dependent on threat experiences.
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16
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Gerlach AR, Karim HT, Kazan J, Aizenstein HJ, Krafty RT, Andreescu C. Networks of worry-towards a connectivity-based signature of late-life worry using higher criticism. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:550. [PMID: 34711810 PMCID: PMC8553743 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe worry is a complex transdiagnostic phenotype independently associated with increased morbidity, including cognitive impairment and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the neurobiological basis of worry in older adults by analyzing resting state fMRI using a large-scale network-based approach. We collected resting fMRI on 77 participants (>50 years old) with varying worry severity. We computed region-wise connectivity across the default mode network (DMN), anterior salience network, and left executive control network. All 22,366 correlations were regressed on worry severity and adjusted for age, sex, race, education, disease burden, depression, anxiety, rumination, and neuroticism. We employed higher criticism, a second-level method of significance testing for rare and weak features, to reveal the functional connectivity patterns associated with worry. The analysis suggests that worry has a complex, yet distinct signature associated with resting state functional connectivity. Intra-connectivities and inter-connectivities of the DMN comprise the dominant contribution. The anterior cingulate, temporal lobe, and thalamus are heavily represented with overwhelmingly negative association with worry. The prefrontal regions are also strongly represented with a mix of positive and negative associations with worry. Identifying the most salient connections may be useful for targeted interventions for reducing morbidity associated with severe worry in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Gerlach
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Helmet T. Karim
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Joseph Kazan
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Howard J. Aizenstein
- grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Robert T. Krafty
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Carmen Andreescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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17
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Wisner KM, Johnson MK, Porter JN, Krueger RF, MacDonald AW. Task-related neural mechanisms of persecutory ideation in schizophrenia and community monozygotic twin-pairs. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5244-5263. [PMID: 34331484 PMCID: PMC8519853 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Perceptions of spiteful behavior are common, distinct from rational fear, and may undergird persecutory ideation. To test this hypothesis and investigate neural mechanisms of persecutory ideation, we employed a novel economic social decision‐making task, the Minnesota Trust Game (MTG), during neuroimaging in patients with schizophrenia (n = 30) and community monozygotic (MZ) twins (n = 38; 19 pairs). We examined distinct forms of mistrust, task‐related brain activation and connectivity, and investigated relationships with persecutory ideation. We tested whether co‐twin discordance on these measurements was correlated to reflect a common source of underlying variance. Across samples persecutory ideation was associated with reduced trust only during the suspiciousness condition, which assessed spite sensitivity given partners had no monetary incentive to betray. Task‐based activation contrasts for specific forms of mistrust were limited and unrelated to persecutory ideation. However, task‐based connectivity contrasts revealed a dorsal cingulate anterior insula network sensitive to suspicious mistrust, a left frontal–parietal (lF‐P) network sensitive to rational mistrust, and a ventral medial/orbital prefrontal (vmPFC/OFC) network that was sensitive to the difference between these forms of mistrust (all p < .005). Higher persecutory ideation was predicted only by reduced connectivity between the vmPFC/OFC and lF‐P networks (p = .005), which was only observed when the intentions of the other player were relevant. Moreover, co‐twin differences in persecutory ideation predicted co‐twin differences in both spite sensitivity and in vmPFC/OFC–lF‐P connectivity. This work found that interconnectivity may be particularly important to the complex neurobiology underlying persecutory ideation, and that unique environmental variance causally linked persecutory ideation, decision‐making, and brain connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Wisner
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - James N Porter
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Angus W MacDonald
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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18
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Webler RD, Berg H, Fhong K, Tuominen L, Holt DJ, Morey RA, Lange I, Burton PC, Fullana MA, Radua J, Lissek S. The neurobiology of human fear generalization: meta-analysis and working neural model. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:421-436. [PMID: 34242718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fear generalization to stimuli resembling a conditioned danger-cue (CS+) is a fundamental dynamic of classical fear-conditioning. Despite the ubiquity of fear generalization in human experience and its known pathogenic contribution to clinical anxiety, neural investigations of human generalization have only recently begun. The present work provides the first meta-analysis of this growing literature to delineate brain substrates of conditioned fear-generalization and formulate a working neural model. Included studies (K = 6, N = 176) reported whole-brain fMRI results and applied generalization-gradient methodology to identify brain activations that gradually strengthen (positive generalization) or weaken (negative generalization) as presented stimuli increase in CS+ resemblance. Positive generalization was instantiated in cingulo-opercular, frontoparietal, striatal-thalamic, and midbrain regions (locus coeruleus, periaqueductal grey, ventral tegmental area), while negative generalization was implemented in default-mode network nodes (ventromedial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, middle temporal gyrus, angular gyrus) and amygdala. Findings are integrated within an updated neural account of generalization centering on the hippocampus, its modulation by locus coeruleus and basolateral amygdala, and the excitation of threat- or safety-related loci by the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Webler
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hannah Berg
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kimberly Fhong
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Daphne J Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, 508 Fulton Street, Durham VAMC, Durham, VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Iris Lange
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, EURON, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Duboisdomein 30, 6229 GT, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Philip C Burton
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Miquel Angel Fullana
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Campus Casanova, Casanova, 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Adult Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Casanovas 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Adult Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Casanovas 143, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shmuel Lissek
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 E River Rd, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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19
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Cano M, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Giménez M, Torrents-Rodas D, Real E, Alonso P, Segalàs C, Munuera J, Menchón JM, Cardoner N, Soriano-Mas C, Fullana MA. Neural correlates of fear conditioning and fear extinction and its association with cognitive-behavioral therapy outcome in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behav Res Ther 2021; 144:103927. [PMID: 34237645 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent neurobiological models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have highlighted the potential role of abnormalities in fear learning processes. We compared brain activation -as assessed with whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging- during fear conditioning, fear extinction learning, and fear extinction recall in patients with OCD (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 18). We also investigated whether brain activation during any of these processes was associated with exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) outcome in patients. Patients with OCD showed significantly lower brain activation in the right insulo-opercular region and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex during fear conditioning in comparison to healthy controls. Moreover, brain activation in the right insula predicted CBT outcome, with lower activation predicting a better outcome. Brain activation during extinction learning or recall did not differ between patients and controls or predicted CBT outcome in patients. Our results suggest that neural activations during fear conditioning in patients with OCD are abnormal and predict CBT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cano
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Tauli (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Sabadell, Spain; Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martínez-Zalacaín
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Giménez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Eva Real
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pino Alonso
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Cinto Segalàs
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Josep Munuera
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Fundació de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - José Manuel Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Mental Health Department, Unitat de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Sanitària Parc Tauli (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, Sabadell, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Bellvitge University Hospital, and CIBERSAM, Carlos III Health Institute, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Miquel A Fullana
- Adult Psychiatry and Psychology Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Sevel L, Boissoneault J, Alappattu M, Bishop M, Robinson M. Training endogenous pain modulation: a preliminary investigation of neural adaptation following repeated exposure to clinically-relevant pain. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:881-896. [PMID: 30617786 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-0033-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Analgesic treatments that aim to eliminate pain display marginal success in relieving chronic pain and may increase pain vulnerability. Repeated exposure to pain may result in increased pain modulation via engagement of anti-nociceptive brain regions. It was hypothesized that repeated exposure to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) would result in increased pain modulatory capacity (PMC) via functional neural adaptation. 23 healthy participants completed Baseline and Follow Up resting-state fMRI and quantitative sensory testing (QST) visits 40 days apart. Participants were randomized to two groups: A Repeated DOMS Group (RD Group) that received four, weekly DOMS inductions and a Control Group that received one baseline induction. Daily pain ratings were collected for seven days post-induction, as were quantitative sensory testing (QST) metrics at baseline and Follow Up. Regional functional connectivity (FC) was estimated among areas involved in pain modulation. Seed and network FC was estimated among areas involved in pain modulation and sensory processing. Changes in FC were compared between groups. The RD Group displayed significant reductions in post-DOMS pain ratings and significant changes in thermal QST measures. RD Group participants displayed greater adaptation in nucleus accumbens-medial prefrontal cortex (NAc-mPFC) FC and in sensorimotor network (SMN) connectivity with the dorsomedial, ventromedial, and rostromedial prefrontal cortices. Changes in SMN-PFC connectivity correlated with reductions in post-DOMS affective distress. Results suggest that repeated exposure to clinically-relevant pain results in adaptations among brain regions involved in pain modulation. Repeated exposure to clinically-relevant pain may serve as a mechanism to increase PMC via inhibition of emotional valuation of painful stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landrew Sevel
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine at Vanderbilt, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Suite 380, 3401 West End Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA.
| | - Jeff Boissoneault
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Meryl Alappattu
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mark Bishop
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Michael Robinson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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21
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Mastromatteo LY, Zaccoletti S, Mason L, Scrimin S. Physiological responses to a school task: The role of student-teacher relationships and students' emotional appraisal. BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 91:1146-1165. [PMID: 33650684 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To be successful, students must learn to deal with socially and cognitively demanding tasks. Much remains unknown about the effects of previous classroom experiences and of students' emotional appraisal of a task on their physiological adaptive responses to it. AIMS To investigate how children's physiological response to a social and cognitive task would be directly and interactively influenced by the perceived student-teacher relationship and by children's emotional appraisal of what reaction they expect to have while completing the task. METHODS One hundred and sixteen second and third graders took part in the study. Children completed a cognitive and social stress task. Before the task, they were interviewed on their emotional appraisal of the task and on student-teacher relationships. Children's cardiac activity was registered at rest and during the task to measure physiological activation (heart rate) and self-regulation (heart rate variability). RESULTS Heart rate variability during the task was positively correlated with the appraised emotional valence of the task and of being observed while doing it. Regression analyses showed that children's physiological self-regulation during the task was affected by the interaction between student-teacher relationships and appraised emotional valence of being observed. Only among children who had experienced negative student-teacher relationships, an active physiological self-regulation was observed in response to the task when they expected it to be positive compared to when they perceived it as negative. CONCLUSIONS Children's emotional appraisal of tasks and the quality of student-teacher relationships are important to promote a functional physiological response of self-regulation that underlies academic functioning and well-being at school.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Zaccoletti
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Mason
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Scrimin
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Italy
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22
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La Buissonniere-Ariza V, Fitzgerald K, Meoded A, Williams LL, Liu G, Goodman WK, Storch EA. Neural correlates of cognitive behavioral therapy response in youth with negative valence disorders: A systematic review of the literature. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:1288-1307. [PMID: 33601708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the gold-standard psychotherapeutic treatment for pediatric negative valence disorders. However, some youths do not respond optimally to treatment, which may be due to variations in neural functioning. METHODS We systematically reviewed functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in youths with negative valence disorders to identify pre- and post-treatment neural correlates of CBT response. RESULTS A total of 21 studies were identified, of overall weak to moderate quality. The most consistent findings across negative valence disorders consisted of associations of treatment response with pre- and post-treatment task-based activation and/or functional connectivity within and between the prefrontal cortex, the medial temporal lobe, and other limbic regions. Associations of CBT response with baseline and/or post-treatment activity in the striatum, precentral and postcentral gyri, medial and posterior cingulate cortices, and parietal cortex, connectivity within and between the default-mode, cognitive control, salience, and frontoparietal networks, and metrics of large-scale brain network organization, were also reported, although less consistently. LIMITATIONS The poor quality and limited number of studies and the important heterogeneity of study designs and results considerably limit the conclusions that can be drawn from this literature. CONCLUSIONS Despite these limitations, these findings provide preliminary evidence suggesting youths presenting certain patterns of brain function may respond better to CBT, whereas others may benefit from alternative or augmented forms of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie La Buissonniere-Ariza
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza - BCM350, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Kate Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Rachel Upjohn Building, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Avner Meoded
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laurel L Williams
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza - BCM350, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Gary Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wayne K Goodman
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza - BCM350, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Eric A Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza - BCM350, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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23
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Neural processes in antecedent anxiety modulate risk-taking behavior. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2637. [PMID: 33514841 PMCID: PMC7846834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82229-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Though real-world decisions are often made in the shadow of economic uncertainties, work problems, relationship troubles, existential angst, etc., the neural processes involved in this common experience remain poorly understood. Here, we randomly assigned participants (N = 97) to either a poignant experience of forecasted economic anxiety or a no-anxiety control condition. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we then examined how source-localized, anxiety-specific neural activation modulated risky decision making and strategic behavior in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Previous research demonstrates opposing effects of anxiety on risk-taking, leading to contrasting predictions. On the one hand, activity in the dorsomedial PFC/anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and anterior insula, brain regions linked with anxiety and sensitivity to risk, should mediate the effect of economic anxiety on increased risk-averse decision-making. On the other hand, activation in the ventromedial PFC, a brain region important in emotion regulation and subjective valuation in decision-making, should mediate the effect of economic anxiety on increased risky decision-making. Results revealed evidence related to both predictions. Additionally, anxiety-specific activation in the dmPFC/ACC and the anterior insula were associated with disrupted learning across the task. These results shed light on the neurobiology of antecedent anxiety and risk-taking and provide potential insight into understanding how real-world anxieties can impact decision-making processes.
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Awasthi S, Pan H, LeDoux JE, Cloitre M, Altemus M, McEwen B, Silbersweig D, Stern E. The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and functionally linked neurocircuitry modulate emotion processing and HPA axis dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102442. [PMID: 33070099 PMCID: PMC7569227 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Task-based functional cooccurrence (tbFC) elucidates role of BNST in human PTSD neurocircuitry. The BNST is hyperactive during the processing of trauma-related words in PTSD. BNST activity correlates to PTSD symptom severity and reduced diurnal cortisol index. The BNST has positive tbFC with negative emotion- and stress-related neurocircuitry. The BNST has negative tbFC with executive function and stress regulation neurocircuitry.
Background The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) plays an important role in rodent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but evidence to support its relevance to human PTSD is limited. We sought to understand the role of the BNST in human PTSD via fMRI, behavioral, and physiological measurements. Methods 29 patients with PTSD (childhood sexual abuse) and 23 healthy controls (HC) underwent BOLD imaging with an emotional word paradigm. Symptom severity was assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale and HPA-axis dysfunction was assessed by measuring the diurnal cortisol amplitude index (DCAI). A data-driven multivariate analysis was used to determine BNST task-based functional co-occurrence (tbFC) across individuals. Results In the trauma-versus-neutral word contrast, patients showed increased activation compared to HC in the BNST, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), caudate heads, and midbrain, and decreased activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Symptom severity positively correlated with activity in the BNST, caudate head, amygdala, hippocampus, dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus (dACG), and PCG, and negatively with activity in the medial orbiotofrontal cortex (mOFC) and DLPFC. Patients and HC showed marked differences in the relationship between the DCAI and BOLD activity in the BNST, septal nuclei, dACG, and PCG. Patients showed stronger tbFC between the BNST and closely linked limbic and subcortical regions, and a loss of negative tbFC between the BNST and DLPFC. Conclusions Based upon novel data, we present a new model of dysexecutive emotion processing and HPA-axis dysfunction in human PTSD that incorporates the role of the BNST and functionally linked neurocircuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Awasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph E LeDoux
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marylene Cloitre
- National Center for PTSD, Veteran Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Altemus
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David Silbersweig
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Emily Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Seo J, Pace-Schott EF, Milad MR, Song H, Germain A. Partial and Total Sleep Deprivation Interferes With Neural Correlates of Consolidation of Fear Extinction Memory. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:299-309. [PMID: 33279459 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the impact of total and partial sleep loss on neural correlates of fear conditioning, extinction learning, and extinction recall in healthy young adults. METHODS Participants (56.3% female, age 24.8 ± 3.4 years) were randomized to a night of normal sleep (NS) (n = 48), sleep restriction (SR) (n = 53), or sleep deprivation (SD) (n = 53). All completed fear conditioning and extinction learning phases the following morning. Extinction recall was tested in the evening of the same day. Task-based contrasts were modeled at the beginning of, at the end of, and across the fear conditioning and extinction learning phases, and at the beginning of extinction recall. These contrasts were compared among the 3 groups by means of analysis of variance. Nonparametric permutation corrected analyses using a cluster-determining threshold of p < .005 and a familywise error of p < .05. RESULTS At the end of fear conditioning, NS activated medial prefrontal regions, SR activated motor areas, and participants in the SD group showed no significant activations. Across extinction learning, only NS activated both salience (fear) and extinction (regulatory) areas. For extinction recall, SD activated similar regions as NS across extinction learning, while SR activated salience and motor areas. During early fear conditioning, compared with NS, SD activated more medial prefrontal and SR activated more salience network areas. For extinction recall, NS activated more prefrontal areas and SD activated more of both salience- and extinction-related areas than SR. CONCLUSIONS Relative to NS, SR may enhance fear-related and diminish extinction-related activity, whereas SD may delay engagement of extinction learning. Findings may have clinical implications for populations and occupations in which sleep loss is common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehye Seo
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Edward F Pace-Schott
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts.
| | - Mohammed R Milad
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Rockland, New York
| | - Huijin Song
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anne Germain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Li J, Zhong Y, Ma Z, Wu Y, Pang M, Wang C, Liu N, Wang C, Zhang N. Emotion reactivity-related brain network analysis in generalized anxiety disorder: a task fMRI study. BMC Psychiatry 2020; 20:429. [PMID: 32878626 PMCID: PMC7466835 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is closely associated with emotional dysregulation. Patients with GAD tend to overreact to emotional stimuli and are impaired in emotional regulation. Using emotional regulation task, studies have found hypo-activation in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of GAD patients and concluded with inadequate top-down control. However, results remain inconsistent concerning PFC and limbic area's reactivity to emotional stimuli. What's more, only a few studies aim to identify how limbic area interacts with PFC in GAD patients. The current study aims to identify the difference in PFC-limbic circuitry response to emotional stimuli between GAD patients and healthy controls (HCs) from the perspective of brain network. Through brain network analysis, it revealed the connectivity between limbic area and PFC, and moreover, the orientation of connectivity, all of which gave a better test of inadequate top-down control hypothesis. METHODS During fMRI scanning, participants were required to complete an emotional face identification task (fearful, neutral, happy facial expression). 30 participants (16 GAD patients, 14 HCs) were included in the formal analysis. A Bayesian-network based method was used to identify the brain network consisting of several pre-hypothesized regions of interest (ROIs) under each condition (negative, positive, neutral). In total, six graphs were obtained. Each of them represented the brain network that was common to the group under corresponding condition. RESULTS Results revealed that GAD patients showed more bottom-up connection but less top-down connection regardless of condition, relative to HCs. Also, the insula was more connected but the amygdala was less connected regardless of condition, relative to HCs. the results also revealed a very different brain network response between GAD patients and HCs even under neutral condition. CONCLUSIONS More bottom-up connection but less top-down connection may indicate that GAD patients are insufficient in top-down control, in keeping with inadequate top-down control hypothesis. The more connected insula may indicate GAD patients' abnormality in interoception processing. Relative to HCs, distinct brain network response pattern in GAD patients under neutral condition suggests GAD patients' abnormality in distinguishing safety from threat and intolerance of uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- grid.452645.40000 0004 1798 8369Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No 264, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China ,grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097 China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310007 China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- grid.260474.30000 0001 0089 5711School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210097 China
| | - Zijuan Ma
- grid.452645.40000 0004 1798 8369Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No 264, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Yun Wu
- grid.452645.40000 0004 1798 8369Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No 264, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Manlong Pang
- grid.452645.40000 0004 1798 8369Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No 264, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Chiyue Wang
- grid.452645.40000 0004 1798 8369Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No 264, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Na Liu
- grid.452645.40000 0004 1798 8369Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No 264, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Chun Wang
- Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No 264, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- grid.452645.40000 0004 1798 8369Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No 264, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029 China
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Solomonov N, Victoria LW, Dunlop K, Respino M, Hoptman MJ, Zilcha-Mano S, Oberlin L, Liston C, Areán PA, Gunning FM, Alexopoulos GS. Resting State Functional Connectivity and Outcomes of Psychotherapies for Late-Life Depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:859-868. [PMID: 32376080 PMCID: PMC7369214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problem solving therapy (PST) and "Engage," a reward-exposure" based therapy, are important treatment options for late-life depression, given modest efficacy of antidepressants in this disorder. Abnormal function of the reward and default mode networks has been observed during depressive episodes. This study examined whether resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of reward and DMN circuitries is associated with treatment outcomes. METHODS Thirty-two older adults with major depression (mean age = 72.7) were randomized to 9-weeks of either PST or "Engage." We assessed rsFC at baseline and week 6. We placed seeds in three a priori regions of interest: subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Outcome measures included the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS). RESULTS In both PST and "Engage," higher rsFC between the sgACC and middle temporal gyrus at baseline was associated with greater improvement in depression severity (HAMD). Preliminary findings suggested that in "Engage" treated participants, lower rsFC between the dACC and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex at baseline was associated with HAMD improvement. Finally, in Engage only, increased rsFC from baseline to week 6 between NAcc and Superior Parietal Cortex was associated with increased BADS scores. CONCLUSION The results suggest that patients who present with higher rsFC between the sgACC and a structure within the DMN may benefit from behavioral psychotherapies for late life depression. "Engage" may lead to increased rsFC within the reward system reflecting a reconditioning of the reward systems by reward exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Solomonov
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine (NS, LWV, LO, FMG, and GSA), White Plains, NY.
| | - Lindsay W Victoria
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine (NS, LWV, LO, FMG, and GSA), White Plains, NY
| | - Katharine Dunlop
- Feil Family Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine (KD and CL), New York, NY
| | | | - Matthew J Hoptman
- The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (MJH), Orangeburg, NY; New York University School of Medicine (MJH), New York, NY
| | - Sigal Zilcha-Mano
- Columbia University (SZM), New York, NY; Haifa University (SZM), Haifa, Israel
| | - Lauren Oberlin
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine (NS, LWV, LO, FMG, and GSA), White Plains, NY
| | - Conor Liston
- Feil Family Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine (KD and CL), New York, NY
| | - Patricia A Areán
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (PAA), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Faith M Gunning
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine (NS, LWV, LO, FMG, and GSA), White Plains, NY
| | - George S Alexopoulos
- Weill Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine (NS, LWV, LO, FMG, and GSA), White Plains, NY
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Maier S, Schneider K, Stark C, Zeeck A, Tebartz van Elst L, Holovics L, Hartmann A, Lahmann C, Domschke K, Nickel K, Feige B, Glauche V, Fleischhaker C, Tüscher O, Joos A. Fear Network Unresponsiveness in Women with Anorexia Nervosa. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2020; 88:238-240. [PMID: 30557882 DOI: 10.1159/000495367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Maier
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,
| | - Katharina Schneider
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Stark
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Almut Zeeck
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Tebartz van Elst
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Holovics
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Armin Hartmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claas Lahmann
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Nickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volkmar Glauche
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Fleischhaker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Joos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Macdonald B, Wake S, Johnstone T. Selective extinction through cognitive evaluation: Linking emotion regulation and extinction. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2873-2888. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Macdonald
- University of Reading Reading UK
- UFSP Dynamics of Healthy Aging University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Tom Johnstone
- University of Reading Reading UK
- Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Vic. Australia
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30
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van den Berg B, de Bruin ABH, Marsman JBC, Lorist MM, Schmidt HG, Aleman A, Snoek JW. Thinking fast or slow? Functional magnetic resonance imaging reveals stronger connectivity when experienced neurologists diagnose ambiguous cases. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa023. [PMID: 32954284 PMCID: PMC7425520 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
For ∼40 years, thinking about reasoning has been dominated by dual-process theories. This model, consisting of two distinct types of human reasoning, one fast and effortless and the other slow and deliberate, has also been applied to medical diagnosis. Medical experts are trained to diagnose patients based on their symptoms. When symptoms are prototypical for a certain diagnosis, practitioners may rely on fast, recognition-based reasoning. However, if they are confronted with ambiguous clinical information slower, analytical reasoning is required. To examine the neural underpinnings of these two hypothesized forms of reasoning, 16 highly experienced clinical neurologists were asked to diagnose two types of medical cases, straightforward and ambiguous cases, while functional magnetic resonance imaging was being recorded. Compared with reading control sentences, diagnosing cases resulted in increased activation in brain areas typically found to be active during reasoning such as the caudate nucleus and frontal and parietal cortical regions. In addition, we found vast increased activity in the cerebellum. Regarding the activation differences between the two types of reasoning, no pronounced differences were observed in terms of regional activation. Notable differences were observed, though, in functional connectivity: cases containing ambiguous information showed stronger connectivity between specific regions in the frontal, parietal and temporal cortex in addition to the cerebellum. Based on these results, we propose that the higher demands in terms of controlled cognitive processing during analytical medical reasoning may be subserved by stronger communication between key regions for detecting and resolving uncertainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berry van den Berg
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Groningen, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anique B H de Bruin
- School of Health Professions Education, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Bernard C Marsman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monicque M Lorist
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Groningen, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk G Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W Snoek
- Center for Education Development and Research in Health Professions, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 196, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Martini Hospital Groningen, 9700 RM Groningen, The Netherlands
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Marcus DJ, Bedse G, Gaulden AD, Ryan JD, Kondev V, Winters ND, Rosas-Vidal LE, Altemus M, Mackie K, Lee FS, Delpire E, Patel S. Endocannabinoid Signaling Collapse Mediates Stress-Induced Amygdalo-Cortical Strengthening. Neuron 2020; 105:1062-1076.e6. [PMID: 31948734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Functional coupling between the amygdala and the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) has been implicated in the generation of negative affective states; however, the mechanisms by which stress increases amygdala-dmPFC synaptic strength and generates anxiety-like behaviors are not well understood. Here, we show that the mouse basolateral amygdala (BLA)-prelimbic prefrontal cortex (plPFC) circuit is engaged by stress and activation of this pathway in anxiogenic. Furthermore, we demonstrate that acute stress exposure leads to a lasting increase in synaptic strength within a reciprocal BLA-plPFC-BLA subcircuit. Importantly, we identify 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG)-mediated endocannabinoid signaling as a key mechanism limiting glutamate release at BLA-plPFC synapses and the functional collapse of multimodal 2-AG signaling as a molecular mechanism leading to persistent circuit-specific synaptic strengthening and anxiety-like behaviors after stress exposure. These data suggest that circuit-specific impairment in 2-AG signaling could facilitate functional coupling between the BLA and plPFC and the translation of environmental stress to affective pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Marcus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gaurav Bedse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew D Gaulden
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James D Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Veronika Kondev
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nathan D Winters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Luis E Rosas-Vidal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Megan Altemus
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; Sackler Institute for Developmental Psychobiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sachin Patel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; The Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Departments of Pharmacology and Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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32
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Dissociable neural systems for unconditioned acute and sustained fear. Neuroimage 2020; 216:116522. [PMID: 31926280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fear protects organisms by increasing vigilance and preparedness, and by coordinating survival responses during life-threatening encounters. The fear circuit must thus operate on multiple timescales ranging from preparatory sustained alertness to acute fight-or-flight responses. Here we studied the brain basis of sustained and acute fear using naturalistic functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enabling analysis of different time-scales of fear responses. Subjects (N = 37) watched feature-length horror movies while their hemodynamic brain activity was measured with fMRI. Time-variable intersubject correlation (ISC) was used to quantify the reliability of brain activity across participants, and seed-based phase synchronization was used for characterizing dynamic connectivity. Subjective ratings of fear were used to assess how synchronization and functional connectivity varied with emotional intensity. These data suggest that acute and sustained fear are supported by distinct neural pathways, with sustained fear amplifying mainly sensory responses, and acute fear increasing activity in brainstem, thalamus, amygdala and cingulate cortices. Sustained fear increased ISC in regions associated with acute fear, and also amplified functional connectivity within this network. The results were replicated in an independent experiment with a different subject sample and stimulus movie. The functional interplay between cortical networks involved in sustained anticipation of, and acute response to, threat involves a complex and dynamic interaction that depends on the proximity of threat, and the need to employ threat appraisals and vigilance for decision making and response selection.
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Leehr EJ, Redlich R, Zaremba D, Dohm K, Böhnlein J, Grotegerd D, Kähler C, Repple J, Förster K, Opel N, Meinert S, Enneking V, Bürger C, Hahn T, Wilkens E, Dernbecher M, Kugel H, Arolt V, Dannlowski U. Structural and functional neural correlates of vigilant and avoidant regulation style. J Affect Disord 2019; 258:96-101. [PMID: 31400629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of emotional arousal is a relevant factor for mental health. The investigation of neural underpinnings of regulation styles in healthy individuals may provide important insights regarding potential risk factors. To fill the gap of structural correlates of regulation styles and to expand previous results, we focused on the association between brain structure, neural responsiveness and vigilant/avoidant regulation style. METHODS In n = 302 healthy individuals regulation style was assessed with the Mainz Coping Inventory (MCI). Participants underwent structural and functional MRI during an emotion-processing paradigm. Structural MRI (voxel-based morphometry) and functional MRI were analysed in two regions of interest (amygdala and anterior cingulate cortex [ACC]). RESULTS Regulation styles did not show an association with brain structure after correction for gender, age, trait anxiety, depressive symptoms. During emotion processing, a vigilant regulation style was negatively associated with ACC activation. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study in a non-pathological sample is not adequate to unveil causalities or draw conclusions regarding prevention interventions. CONCLUSION Regulation styles are associated with specific neural activation patterns. The association of a high-vigilant regulation style and low ACC activation during emotion processing in healthy participants might be a potential risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J Leehr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
| | - Ronny Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Dario Zaremba
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Joscha Böhnlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Claas Kähler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Katharina Förster
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Verena Enneking
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Bürger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Elena Wilkens
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Marius Dernbecher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G A1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Muenster, Albert Schweitzer-Campus 1, G 9A, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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Picó-Pérez M, Alemany-Navarro M, Dunsmoor J, Radua J, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Vervliet B, Cardoner N, Benet O, Harrison B, Soriano-Mas C, Fullana M. Common and distinct neural correlates of fear extinction and cognitive reappraisal: A meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 104:102-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Carpenter JK, Pinaire M, Hofmann SG. From Extinction Learning to Anxiety Treatment: Mind the Gap. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9070164. [PMID: 31336700 PMCID: PMC6680899 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9070164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory models of extinction learning in animals and humans have the potential to illuminate methods for improving clinical treatment of fear-based clinical disorders. However, such translational research often neglects important differences between threat responses in animals and fear learning in humans, particularly as it relates to the treatment of clinical disorders. Specifically, the conscious experience of fear and anxiety, along with the capacity to deliberately engage top-down cognitive processes to modulate that experience, involves distinct brain circuitry and is measured and manipulated using different methods than typically used in laboratory research. This paper will identify how translational research that investigates methods of enhancing extinction learning can more effectively model such elements of human fear learning, and how doing so will enhance the relevance of this research to the treatment of fear-based psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Carpenter
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Ave, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Megan Pinaire
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Ave, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Ave, 2nd floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Gut microbiome and brain functional connectivity in infants-a preliminary study focusing on the amygdala. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1641-1651. [PMID: 30604186 PMCID: PMC6599471 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the possibility that microbial communities inhabiting the human gut could affect cognitive development and increase risk for mental illness via the "microbiome-gut-brain axis." Infancy likely represents a critical period for the establishment of these relationships, as it is the most dynamic stage of postnatal brain development and a key period in the maturation of the microbiome. Indeed, recent reports indicate that characteristics of the infant gut microbiome are associated with both temperament and cognitive performance. The neural circuits underlying these relationships have not yet been delineated. To address this gap, resting-state fMRI scans were acquired from 39 1-year-old human infants who had provided fecal samples for identification and relative quantification of bacterial taxa. Measures of alpha diversity were generated and tested for associations with measures of functional connectivity. Primary analyses focused on the amygdala as manipulation of the gut microbiota in animal models alters the structure and neurochemistry of this brain region. Secondary analyses explored functional connectivity of nine canonical resting-state functional networks. Alpha diversity was significantly associated with functional connectivity between the amygdala and thalamus and between the anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula. These regions play an important role in processing/responding to threat. Alpha diversity was also associated with functional connectivity between the supplementary motor area (SMA, representing the sensorimotor network) and the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Importantly, SMA-IPL connectivity also related to cognitive outcomes at 2 years of age, suggesting a potential pathway linking gut microbiome diversity and cognitive outcomes during infancy. These results provide exciting new insights into the gut-brain axis during early human development and should stimulate further studies into whether microbiome-associated changes in brain circuitry influence later risk for psychopathology.
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Reliability of Fronto-Amygdala Coupling during Emotional Face Processing. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9040089. [PMID: 31010224 PMCID: PMC6523743 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most exciting translational prospects for brain imaging research is the potential use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 'biomarkers' to predict an individual's risk of developing a neuropsychiatric disorder or the likelihood of responding to a particular intervention. This proposal depends critically on reliable measurements at the level of the individual. Several previous studies have reported relatively poor reliability of amygdala activation during emotional face processing, a key putative fMRI 'biomarker'. However, the reliability of amygdala connectivity measures is much less well understood. Here, we assessed the reliability of task-modulated coupling between three seed regions (left and right amygdala and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex) and the dorsomedial frontal/cingulate cortex (DMFC), measured using a psychophysiological interaction analysis in 29 healthy individuals scanned approximately two weeks apart. We performed two runs on each day of three different emotional face-processing tasks: emotion identification, emotion matching, and gender classification. We tested both between-day reliability and within-day (between-run) reliability. We found good-to-excellent within-subject reliability of amygdala-DMFC coupling, both between days (in two tasks), and within day (in one task). This suggests that disorder-relevant regional coupling may be sufficiently reliable to be used as a predictor of treatment response or clinical risk in future clinical studies.
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La Buissonnière-Ariza V, Séguin JR, Nassim M, Boivin M, Pine DS, Lepore F, Tremblay RE, Maheu FS. Chronic harsh parenting and anxiety associations with fear circuitry function in healthy adolescents: A preliminary study. Biol Psychol 2019; 145:198-210. [PMID: 30935991 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported altered fear circuitry function during fear conditioning in highly anxious individuals and in adults with a history of severe childhood adversity; less is known regarding younger populations and more common forms of adversity. We investigated fear circuitry functioning in healthy youths with histories of high (HH) or low (LH) chronic harsh parenting and high (HA) or low (LA) anxiety levels. 84 youths aged 13-16 performed an fMRI fear conditioning task. HH displayed decreased selective medial temporal lobe deactivations to CS+> CS- relative to LH. In addition, we found less amygdala-insula connectivity in HH vs LH. Interestingly, we observed distinct patterns of anxiety differences in amygdala-rostral ACC connectivity and subjective fear ratings depending on harsh parenting levels, suggesting a history of harsh parenting is linked with unique neural and behavioral anxious manifestations, which are different from anxiety manifestations in a context of low adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean R Séguin
- CHU Sainte-Justine's Research Center, Canada; Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Canada; Psychiatry Department, University of Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Michel Boivin
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Canada; Psychology Department, Laval University, Canada
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, USA
| | - Franco Lepore
- CHU Sainte-Justine's Research Center, Canada; Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Canada; Centre de recherche en neuropsychologie et cognition (CERNEC), Canada
| | - Richard E Tremblay
- Research Unit on Children's Psychosocial Maladjustment, Canada; Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Canada; School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
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de Vries FE, de Wit SJ, van den Heuvel OA, Veltman DJ, Cath DC, van Balkom AJLM, van der Werf YD. Cognitive control networks in OCD: A resting-state connectivity study in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and their unaffected relatives. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:230-242. [PMID: 28918693 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1353132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Executive network deficits are putative neurocognitive endophenotypes for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Yet, unlike alterations in fronto-striatal and limbic connectivity, connectivity in the fronto-parietal (FPN) and cingulo-opercular (CON) networks involved in cognitive control has received little attention. METHODS The coherence of FPN, CON and fronto-limbic networks was investigated in 39 unmedicated OCD patients, 16 of their unaffected siblings and 36 healthy controls using resting-state functional-connectivity MRI and a seed-based analysis approach. RESULTS FPN and CON connectivity was similar for patients and controls. Siblings showed higher connectivity than patients within the CON, and between the CON and FPN compared to patients and controls (trend level). In OCD patients, but not in siblings, fronto-limbic hyperconnectivity was present compared to controls. In contrast to our expectations, no group differences in resting-state connectivity of the cognitive control networks were observed between OCD patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS The increased within- and between-network connectivity in siblings, but not in patients, could indicate a mechanism of increased cognitive control that may act as a protective mechanism. None of the observed network alterations can be considered an endophenotype for OCD since differences were present in either patients or siblings, but not in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Froukje E de Vries
- a Department of Psychiatry , VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Stella J de Wit
- a Department of Psychiatry , VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- a Department of Psychiatry , VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,c Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences , VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- a Department of Psychiatry , VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Danielle C Cath
- d Department of Clinical and Health psychology , Altrecht Academic Anxiety Centre, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Anton J L M van Balkom
- a Department of Psychiatry , VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,e EMGO + Institute , VU University , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- a Department of Psychiatry , VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,b Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,c Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences , VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Dispositional use of emotion regulation strategies and resting-state cortico-limbic functional connectivity. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 12:1022-1031. [PMID: 28866781 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging functional connectivity (FC) analyses have shown that the negative coupling between the amygdala and cortical regions is linked to better emotion regulation in experimental settings. Nevertheless, no studies have examined the association between resting-state cortico-amygdalar FC and the dispositional use of emotion regulation strategies. We aim at assessing the relationship between the resting-state FC patterns of two different amygdala territories, with different functions in the emotion response process, and trait-like measures of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Forty-eight healthy controls completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging acquisition. FC maps of basolateral and centromedial amygdala (BLA/CMA) with different cortical areas were estimated with a seed-based approach, and were then correlated with reappraisal and suppression scores from the ERQ. FC between left BLA and left insula and right BLA and the supplementary motor area (SMA) correlated inversely with reappraisal scores. Conversely, FC between left BLA and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex correlated directly with suppression scores. Finally, FC between left CMA and the SMA was inversely correlated with suppression. Top-down regulation from the SMA seems to account for the dispositional use of both reappraisal and suppression depending on the specific amygdala nucleus being modulated. In addition, modulation of amygdala activity from cingulate and insular cortices seem to also account for the habitual use of the different emotion regulation strategies.
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Thompson K, King K, Nahmias E, Fani N, Kvaran T, Tone EB, Turner JA. Social Feedback Modulates Neural Response Associated With Cognitive Bias in Individuals Expressing Anxious Symptoms. CHRONIC STRESS (THOUSAND OAKS, CALIF.) 2019; 3:2470547019848648. [PMID: 31328176 PMCID: PMC6641571 DOI: 10.1177/2470547019848648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety is characterized by a tendency to overestimate the likelihood of negative outcomes and consequences before, during, and after interpersonal interactions with social partners. Recent evidence suggests that a network of brain regions critical for perspective-taking, threat appraisal, and uncertainty resolution may function atypically in those prone to social anxiety. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine neural activity in specific regions of interest in a sample of young adults who endorsed high or low levels of social anxiety. METHODS We recruited 31 college student volunteers (age: 18-28 years), categorized as having high or low anxiety based on their Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale-Self Report scores. These participants were each scanned while playing the iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game with three computerized confederates, two of whom they were deceived to believe were human co-players. This study focuses on data collected during play with the presumed humans. Regions of interest were defined for the temporoparietal junction, anterior midcingulate, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Average weighted mean blood-oxygen-level-dependent signals for each subject were extracted and analyzed using mixed design analyses of variance to detect group differences in activation during decision-making, anticipation, and appraisal of round outcomes during the game. RESULTS Behavior analysis revealed that the high-anxiety group was more likely to defect than the low-anxiety group. Neuroimaging analysis showed that the high-anxiety group exhibited elevated blood-oxygen-level-dependent activity relative to the low-anxiety group in all three regions during the social feedback appraisal phase but not during decision-making or the anticipation of interaction outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that some behaviors linked to cognitive biases associated with social anxiety may be mediated by a network of regions involved in recognizing and processing directed social information. Future investigation of the neural basis of cognition and bias in social anxiety using the prisoner's dilemma and other economic-exchange tasks is warranted. These tasks appear to be highly effective, functional magnetic resonance imaging-compatible methods of probing altered cognition and behavior associated with anxiety and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kendrick King
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eddy Nahmias
- Department of Philosophy, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Trevor Kvaran
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erin B. Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica A. Turner
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State
University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Mindfulness based psychotherapeutic interventions have shown to be an effective intervention for quite some time now. These intervention, however, have not been that successful with individuals who experience dissociative disorders. There is a very clear disconnect between these two fields. In an attempt to close the gap, reviewing what mindfulness might be from an attachment and human developed lens, one can learn that there is a lot more occurring in a mindful state other than relaxation. There is a level of human development achievement that comes from a regular mindfulness practice that seems to play a role in raising our young and being part of a complex social group. Evidence suggests that the end product of mindfulness is likely deeply connected human relationships and balanced care-giving abilities. In knowing the benefits from a relational perspective of mindfulness those in the dissociative world can utilize adaptations of mindfulness so that their clients can eventually learn to developed mindfulness and, in turn, have the same deeply connected relationship that they often missed. Conversely those in the mindfulness based therapeutic world can learn a lot about dissociation and harmed people by understanding the real difficulties that individuals with dissociative disorders have in experiencing a mindful state. They can learn to understand the need to adapt mindfulness based practices to accommodate individuals who have a system that is phobic of awareness, terrified of being calm and who have no concept of what non-judgement means. Both fields would benefit greatly by knowing more about the other.
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Rosa LA. Solving the prefrontal conundrum of high-order anxiety: conciliating HOTEC and hypofrontality. A theoretical review. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2018; 23:335-349. [PMID: 30256715 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1527217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the High-order Theory of Emotional Consciousness (HOTEC), every emotional process is a conscious and high-order state of mind carried out by the General Networks of Cognition (GNC), which consists mainly of prefrontal mechanisms. This means that anxiety is also an emotional state of mind carried out by the GNC (positive correlation). However, numerous studies have suggested what is commonly called "hypofrontality" during states of anxiety (negative correlation), which seems to give rise to a theoretical and empirical contraction. METHODS I present a theoretical review to address the following issue: how to advocate a HOTEC view of anxiety in the face of a growing paradigm of hypofrontality during states of anxiety? RESULTS Here I propose that dmPFC, the dACC, and the anterior insula are GNC areas positively correlated with anxiety, which, along with the prefrontal areas responsible for regulating the activation of survival circuits and driving the attention to adaptive ways to overcome potential threats, form an interconnective model of anticipatory and regulatory mechanisms related to learned threats based on autobiographical memories. CONCLUSIONS Through this model, I propose that HOTEC is still a valid way to approach and understand both healthy and unhealthy anxious states of mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Augusto Rosa
- a Psychology of Learning Laboratory (LPA), Department of Psychology , Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) , São Carlos , Brazil
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Sleep-amount differentially affects fear-processing neural circuitry in pediatric anxiety: A preliminary fMRI investigation. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 17:1098-1113. [PMID: 28913727 PMCID: PMC5709437 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-017-0535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient sleep, as well as the incidence of anxiety disorders, both peak during adolescence. While both conditions present perturbations in fear-processing-related neurocircuitry, it is unknown whether these neurofunctional alterations directly link anxiety and compromised sleep in adolescents. Fourteen anxious adolescents (AAs) and 19 healthy adolescents (HAs) were compared on a measure of sleep amount and neural responses to negatively valenced faces during fMRI. Group differences in neural response to negative faces emerged in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the hippocampus. In both regions, correlation of sleep amount with BOLD activation was positive in AAs, but negative in HAs. Follow-up psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses indicated positive connectivity between dACC and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and between hippocampus and insula. This connectivity was correlated negatively with sleep amount in AAs, but positively in HAs. In conclusion, the presence of clinical anxiety modulated the effects of sleep-amount on neural reactivity to negative faces differently among this group of adolescents, which may contribute to different clinical significance and outcomes of sleep disturbances in healthy adolescents and patients with anxiety disorders.
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Dedoncker J, Vanderhasselt MA, Remue J, De Witte S, Wu GR, Hooley JM, De Raedt R, Baeken C. Prefrontal TDCS attenuates medial prefrontal connectivity upon being criticized in individuals scoring high on perceived criticism. Brain Imaging Behav 2018; 13:1060-1070. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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The Neural Basis of Fear Promotes Anger and Sadness Counteracts Anger. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:3479059. [PMID: 30013595 PMCID: PMC6022272 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3479059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to cognitive emotion regulation theories that emphasize top-down control of prefrontal-mediated regulation of emotion, in traditional Chinese philosophy and medicine, different emotions are considered to have mutual promotion and counteraction relationships. Our previous studies have provided behavioral evidence supporting the hypotheses that “fear promotes anger” and “sadness counteracts anger”; this study further investigated the corresponding neural correlates. A basic hypothesis we made is the “internal versus external orientation” assumption proposing that fear could promote anger as its external orientation associated with motivated action, whereas sadness could counteract anger as its internal or homeostatic orientation to somatic or visceral experience. A way to test this assumption is to examine the selective involvement of the posterior insula (PI) and the anterior insula (AI) in sadness and fear because the posterior-to-anterior progression theory of insular function suggests that the role of the PI is to encode primary body feeling and that of the AI is to represent the integrative feeling that incorporates the internal and external input together. The results showed increased activation in the AI, parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), posterior cingulate (PCC), and precuneus during the fear induction phase, and the activation level in these areas could positively predict subsequent aggressive behavior; meanwhile, the PI, superior temporal gyrus (STG), superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were more significantly activated during the sadness induction phase, and the activation level in these areas could negatively predict subsequent feelings of subjective anger in a provocation situation. These results revealed a possible cognitive brain mechanism underlying “fear promotes anger” and “sadness counteracts anger.” In particular, the finding that the AI and PI selectively participated in fear and sadness emotions was consistent with our “internal versus external orientation” assumption about the different regulatory effects of fear and sadness on anger and aggressive behavior.
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Abend R, Sar-El R, Gonen T, Jalon I, Vaisvaser S, Bar-Haim Y, Hendler T. Modulating Emotional Experience Using Electrical Stimulation of the Medial-Prefrontal Cortex: A Preliminary tDCS-fMRI Study. Neuromodulation 2018; 22:884-893. [PMID: 29741803 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Implicit regulation of emotions involves medial-prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regions exerting regulatory control over limbic structures. Diminished regulation relates to aberrant mPFC functionality and psychopathology. Establishing means of modulating mPFC functionality could benefit research on emotion and its dysregulation. Here, we tested the capacity of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting mPFC to modulate subjective emotional states by facilitating implicit emotion regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Stimulation was applied concurrently with functional magnetic resonance imaging to validate its neurobehavioral effect. Sixteen participants were each scanned twice, counterbalancing active and sham tDCS application, while undergoing negative mood induction (clips featuring negative vs. neutral contents). Effects of stimulation on emotional experience were assessed using subjective and neural measures. RESULTS Subjectively, active stimulation led to significant reduction in reported intensity of experienced emotions to negatively valenced (p = 0.005) clips but not to neutral clips (p > 0.99). Active stimulation further mitigated a rise in stress levels from pre- to post-induction (sham: p = 0.004; active: p = 0.15). Neurally, stimulation increased activation in mPFC regions associated with implicit emotion regulation (ventromedial-prefrontal cortex; subgenual anterior-cingulate cortex, sgACC), and in ventral striatum, a core limbic structure (all ps < 0.05). Stimulation also altered functional connectivity (assessed using whole-brain psycho-physiological interaction) between these regions, and with additional limbic regions. Stimulation-induced sgACC activation correlated with reported emotion intensity and depressive symptoms (rs > 0.64, ps < 0.018), suggesting individual differences in stimulation responsivity. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study indicate the potential capacity of tDCS to facilitate brain activation in mPFC regions underlying implicit regulation of emotion and accordingly modulate subjective emotional experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rany Abend
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Roy Sar-El
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Gonen
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Jalon
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Vaisvaser
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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48
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Buff C, Schmidt C, Brinkmann L, Gathmann B, Tupak S, Straube T. Directed threat imagery in generalized anxiety disorder. Psychol Med 2018; 48:617-628. [PMID: 28735579 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worrying has been suggested to prevent emotional and elaborative processing of fears. In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients are exposed to their fears during the method of directed threat imagery by inducing emotional reactivity. However, studies investigating neural correlates of directed threat imagery and emotional reactivity in GAD patients are lacking. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed at delineating neural correlates of directed threat imagery in GAD patients. METHOD Nineteen GAD patients and 19 healthy controls (HC) were exposed to narrative scripts of either disorder-related or neutral content and were encouraged to imagine it as vividly as possible. RESULTS Rating results showed that GAD patients experienced disorder-related scripts as more anxiety inducing and arousing than HC. These results were also reflected in fMRI data: Disorder-related v. neutral scripts elicited elevated activity in the amygdala, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the thalamus as well as reduced activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in GAD patients relative to HC. CONCLUSION The present study presents the first behavioral and neural evidence for emotional reactivity during directed threat imagery in GAD. The brain activity pattern suggests an involvement of a fear processing network as a neural correlate of initial exposure during directed imagery in CBT in GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Buff
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
| | - L Brinkmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
| | - B Gathmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
| | - S Tupak
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
| | - T Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience,University of Muenster,Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Muenster,Germany
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Chen S, Pu J, Ye X, Wang Y, Jackson T. Factor structure, correlates, and incremental validity of the Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form. J Health Psychol 2018; 25:1292-1302. [PMID: 29402142 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317753716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the factor structure, correlates, and incremental validity of the Pain Appraisal Inventory in Chinese adult chronic pain samples. In an initial exploratory factor analysis sample (N = 301), the original two-component (threat, challenge) 16-item Pain Appraisal Inventory and a 10-item short form (Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form) were supported. Within a confirmatory factor analysis sample (N = 285), uniformly acceptable fits were observed only for the Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form. Furthermore, Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form threat and challenge subscales had significant correlations with conceptually related measures and added to prediction models for pain-related coping and adjustment, independent of other pain belief scales. Together, results indicated that the Pain Appraisal Inventory-Short Form has utility in Chinese chronic pain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Todd Jackson
- Southwest University, China.,University of Macau, China
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