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Aberizk K, Addington JM, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Keshavan M, Mathalon DH, Perkins DO, Stone WS, Tsuang MT, Woods SW, Walker EF, Ku BS. Relations of Lifetime Perceived Stress and Basal Cortisol With Hippocampal Volume Among Healthy Adolescents and Those at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:401-411. [PMID: 38092185 PMCID: PMC11166888 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hippocampal volume (HV) is sensitive to environmental influences. Under normative conditions in humans, HV increases linearly into childhood and asymptotes in early adulthood. Studies of humans and nonhuman animals have provided evidence of inverse relationships between several measures of stress and HV. METHODS Using structural equation modeling, this study aimed to characterize the relationships of age, basal cortisol, biological sex, and lifetime perceived stress with bilateral HV in a sample of healthy adolescents and adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) (N = 571, 43% female; age range = 12-19.9 years). This sample included 469 individuals at CHR-P and 102 healthy comparison participants from the combined baseline cohorts of the second and third NAPLS (North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study). RESULTS A structural model that constrained the individual effects of basal cortisol and perceived stress to single path coefficients, and freely estimated the effects of age and biological sex in group models, optimized model fit and parsimony relative to other candidate models. Significant inverse relationships between basal cortisol and bilateral HV were observed in adolescents at CHR-P and healthy comparison participants. Significant sex differences in bilateral HV were also observed, with females demonstrating smaller HV than males in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Multigroup structural equation modeling revealed heterogeneity in the relationships of age and biological sex with basal cortisol, lifetime perceived stress, and bilateral HV in individuals at CHR-P and healthy comparison participants. Moreover, the findings support previous literature indicating that elevated basal cortisol is a nonspecific risk factor for reduced HV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Aberizk
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Jean M Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - William S Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Scott W Woods
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Benson S Ku
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Armio RL, Laurikainen H, Ilonen T, Walta M, Sormunen E, Tolvanen A, Salokangas RKR, Koutsouleris N, Tuominen L, Hietala J. Longitudinal study on hippocampal subfields and glucose metabolism in early psychosis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:66. [PMID: 39085221 PMCID: PMC11291638 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00475-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Altered hippocampal morphology and metabolic pathology, but also hippocampal circuit dysfunction, are established phenomena seen in psychotic disorders. Thus, we tested whether hippocampal subfield volume deficits link with deviations in glucose metabolism commonly seen in early psychosis, and whether the glucose parameters or subfield volumes change during follow-up period using one-year longitudinal study design of 78 first-episode psychosis patients (FEP), 48 clinical high-risk patients (CHR) and 83 controls (CTR). We also tested whether hippocampal morphology and glucose metabolism relate to clinical outcome. Hippocampus subfields were segmented with Freesurfer from 3T MRI images and parameters of glucose metabolism were determined in fasting plasma samples. Hippocampal subfield volumes were consistently lower in FEPs, and findings were more robust in non-affective psychoses, with strongest decreases in CA1, molecular layer and hippocampal tail, and in hippocampal tail of CHRs, compared to CTRs. These morphometric differences remained stable at one-year follow-up. Both non-diabetic CHRs and FEPs had worse glucose parameters compared to CTRs at baseline. We found that, insulin levels and insulin resistance increased during the follow-up period only in CHR, effect being largest in the CHRs converting to psychosis, independent of exposure to antipsychotics. The worsening of insulin resistance was associated with deterioration of function and symptoms in CHR. The smaller volume of hippocampal tail was associated with higher plasma insulin and insulin resistance in FEPs, at the one-year follow-up. Our longitudinal study supports the view that temporospatial hippocampal subfield volume deficits are stable near the onset of first psychosis, being more robust in non-affective psychoses, but less prominent in the CHR group. Specific subfield defects were related to worsening glucose metabolism during the progression of psychosis, suggesting that hippocampus is part of the circuits regulating aberrant glucose metabolism in early psychosis. Worsening of glucose metabolism in CHR group was associated with worse clinical outcome measures indicating a need for heightened clinical attention to metabolic problems already in CHR.
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Grants
- Turun Yliopistollisen Keskussairaalan Koulutus- ja Tutkimussäätiö (TYKS-säätiö)
- Alfred Kordelinin Säätiö (Alfred Kordelin Foundation)
- Finnish Cultural Foundation | Varsinais-Suomen Rahasto (Varsinais-Suomi Regional Fund)
- Suomalainen Lääkäriseura Duodecim (Finnish Medical Society Duodecim)
- Turun Yliopisto (University of Turku)
- This work was supported by funding for the VAMI-project (Turku University Hospital, state research funding, no. P3848), partly supported by EU FP7 grants (PRONIA, grant a # 602152 and METSY grant #602478). Dr. Armio received personal funding from Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research at the University of Turku, grants from State Research Funding, Turunmaa Duodecim Society, Finnish Psychiatry Research Foundation, Finnish University Society of Turku (Valto Takala Foundation), Tyks-foundation, The Finnish Medical Foundation (Maija and Matti Vaskio fund), University of Turku, The Alfred Kordelin Foundation, Finnish Cultural Foundation (Terttu Enckell fund and Ritva Helminen fund) and The Alfred Kordelin foundation. Further, Dr. Tuominen received personal grant from Sigrid Juselius and Orion research foundation and NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation.
- This work was supported by funding for the VAMI-project (Turku University Hospital, state research funding, no. P3848), partly supported by EU FP7 grants (PRONIA, grant a # 602152 and METSY grant #602478). Dr. Tuominen received personal grant from Sigrid Juselius and Orion research foundation and NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetta-Liina Armio
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Heikki Laurikainen
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Ilonen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
| | - Maija Walta
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Sormunen
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Arvi Tolvanen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian University, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, 20700, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, 20520, Turku, Finland
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O'Neill A, Dooley N, Roddy D, Healy C, Carey E, Frodl T, O'Hanlon E, Cannon M. Longitudinal hippocampal subfield development associated with psychotic experiences in young people. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:44. [PMID: 38245522 PMCID: PMC10799917 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal volumetric reductions are observed across the psychosis spectrum, with interest in the localisation of these reductions within the hippocampal subfields increasing. Deficits of the CA1 subfield in particular have been implicated in the neuropathophysiology of psychotic disorders. Investigating the trajectory of these abnormalities in healthy adolescents reporting sub-threshold psychotic experiences (PE) can provide insight into the neural mechanisms underlying psychotic symptoms without the potentially confounding effects of a formal disorder, or antipsychotic medication. In this novel investigation, a sample of 211 young people aged 11-13 participated initially in the Adolescent Brain Development study. PE classification was determined by expert consensus at each timepoint. Participants underwent neuroimaging at 3 timepoints, over 6 years. 78 participants with at least one scan were included in the final sample; 33 who met criteria for a definite PE at least once across all the timepoints (PE group), and 45 controls. Data from bilateral subfields of interest (CA1, CA2/3, CA4/DG, presubiculum and subiculum) were extracted for Linear Mixed Effects analyses. Before correction, subfield volumes were found to increase in the control group and decrease in the PE group for the right CA2 and CA2/3 subfields, with moderate to large effect sizes (d = -0.61, and d = -0.79, respectively). Before correction, right subiculum and left presubiculum volumes were reduced in the PE group compared to controls, regardless of time, with moderate effect sizes (d = -0.52, and d = -0.59, respectively). However, none of these effects survived correction. Severity of symptoms were not associated with any of the noted subfields. These findings provide novel insight to the discussion of the role of hippocampal subfield abnormalities in the pathophysiology underlying psychotic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling O'Neill
- Department of Psychology, St Patrick's Mental Health Services, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland.
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Niamh Dooley
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Darren Roddy
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eleanor Carey
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik O'Hanlon
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, St Stephens Green, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Aberizk K, Sefik E, Addington J, Anticevic A, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Keshavan M, Mathalon DH, Perkins DO, Stone WS, Tsuang MT, Woods SW, Walker EF. Hippocampal Connectivity with the Default Mode Network is Linked to Hippocampal Volume in the Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Syndrome and Healthy Individuals. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:801-818. [PMID: 37981950 PMCID: PMC10656030 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221138819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Reduced hippocampal volume (HV) is an established brain morphological feature of psychiatric conditions. HV is associated with brain connectivity in humans and non-human animals and altered connectivity is associated with risk for psychiatric illness. Associations between HV and connectivity remain poorly characterized in humans, and especially in phases of psychiatric illness that precede disease onset. This study examined associations between HV and hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) during rest in 141 healthy controls and 248 individuals at-risk for psychosis. Significant inverse associations between HV and hippocampal FC with the inferior parietal lobe (IPL) and thalamus were observed. Select associations between hippocampal FC and HV were moderated by diagnostic group. Significant moderation results shifted from implicating the IPL to the temporal pole after excluding participants on antipsychotic medication. Considered together, this work implicates hippocampal FC with the temporoparietal junction, within a specialized subsystem of the default mode network, as sensitive to HV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Aberizk
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Esra Sefik
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel H. Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana O. Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William S. Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Scott W. Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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5
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Mamah D. A Review of Potential Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Schizophrenia-Risk. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2023; 8:e230005. [PMID: 37427077 PMCID: PMC10327607 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20230005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The risk for developing schizophrenia is increased among first-degree relatives of those with psychotic disorders, but the risk is even higher in those meeting established criteria for clinical high risk (CHR), a clinical construct most often comprising of attenuated psychotic experiences. Conversion to psychosis among CHR youth has been reported to be about 15-35% over three years. Accurately identifying individuals whose psychotic symptoms will worsen would facilitate earlier intervention, but this has been difficult to do using behavior measures alone. Brain-based risk markers have the potential to improve the accuracy of predicting outcomes in CHR youth. This narrative review provides an overview of neuroimaging studies used to investigate psychosis risk, including studies involving structural, functional, and diffusion imaging, functional connectivity, positron emission tomography, arterial spin labeling, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and multi-modality approaches. We present findings separately in those observed in the CHR state and those associated with psychosis progression or resilience. Finally, we discuss future research directions that could improve clinical care for those at high risk for developing psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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6
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Ristanovic I, Vargas TG, Damme KSF, Mittal VA. Hippocampal subfields, daily stressors, and resting cortisol in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 148:105996. [PMID: 36495626 PMCID: PMC9898196 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hippocampus, comprised of functionally distinct subfields, both regulates stress and is affected by it during psychosis pathogenesis. Hippocampal abnormalities are evident across psychosis spectrum and are associated with aberrant cortisol levels and greater environmental stressors exposure. These associations, particularly at the subfield-level, are poorly understood in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. This represents a significant literature gap given this critical pathogenetic period is characterized by an interplay between environmental stressors and biological susceptibility. METHODS A total of 121 participants including 51 CHR (mean age=18.61) and 70 healthy controls (HC; mean age=18.3) were enrolled in the study. Participants completed a structural scan, salivary cortisol assays, and a self-report measure assessing distress from daily stressors exposure (DSI). Hippocampal subfield segmentation was conducted using Freesurfer. RESULTS Smaller hippocampal subfields were associated with greater stress levels. Greater DSI was associated with lower volumes in CA1 (r = -0.38) and CA2/3 (r = -0.29), but not in CA4/DG (r = -0.28), presubiculum (r = -0.09), or subiculum (r = -0.17). Higher resting cortisol was associated with lower volumes in presubiculum (r = -0.4) but not subiculum (r = -0.22), CA1 (r = 0.08), CA2/3 (r = 0.1), or CA4/DG (r = -0.005). Regressions indicated effects for CA1 and DSI (β = 0.57, p = .03) and presubiculum and cortisol (β = 0.61, p = .02) are specific to CHR participants relative to HCs. CONCLUSIONS The findings provided insights into links between stress and brain vulnerability during psychosis-risk period. Regional differences highlighted potentially different mechanisms by which stress impacts specific subfields. Presubiculum may be more susceptible to the impact of early stress on HPA-axis and cornu amonis to acute stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Ristanovic
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Teresa G Vargas
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine S F Damme
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vijay Anand Mittal
- Northwestern University, Department of Psychology, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences (DevSci), Northwestern University, Evanston, Chicago, IL, USA; Northwestern University, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Northwestern University, Medical Social Sciences, Chicago IL 60611, USA; Norhtwestern University, Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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7
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Barendse MEA, Lara GA, Guyer AE, Swartz JR, Taylor SL, Shirtcliff EA, Lamb ST, Miller C, Ng J, Yu G, Tully LM. Sex and pubertal influences on the neurodevelopmental underpinnings of schizophrenia: A case for longitudinal research on adolescents. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:231-241. [PMID: 36682313 PMCID: PMC10725041 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Sex is a significant source of heterogeneity in schizophrenia, with more negative symptoms in males and more affective symptoms and internalizing comorbidity in females. In this narrative review, we argue that there are likely sex differences in the pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SZ) that originate during puberty and relate to the sex-specific impacts of pubertal maturation on brain development. Pubertal maturation might also trigger underlying (genetic or other) vulnerabilities in at-risk individuals, influencing brain development trajectories that contribute to the emergence of SZ. This review is the first to integrate links between pubertal development and neural development with cognitive neuroscience research in SZ to form and evaluate these hypotheses, with a focus on the frontal-striatal and frontal-limbic networks and their hypothesized contribution to negative and mood symptoms respectively. To test these hypotheses, longitudinal research with human adolescents is needed that examines the role of sex and pubertal development using large cohorts or high risk samples. We provide recommendations for such studies, which will integrate the fields of psychiatry, developmental cognitive neuroscience, and developmental endocrinology towards a more nuanced understanding of the role of pubertal factors in the hypothesized sex-specific pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E A Barendse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - G A Lara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - A E Guyer
- Department of Human Ecology, UC Davis, CA, USA; Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - J R Swartz
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - S L Taylor
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - E A Shirtcliff
- Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - S T Lamb
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - C Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Ng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - G Yu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA
| | - L M Tully
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis, CA, USA.
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8
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Knight S, McCutcheon R, Dwir D, Grace AA, O'Daly O, McGuire P, Modinos G. Hippocampal circuit dysfunction in psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:344. [PMID: 36008395 PMCID: PMC9411597 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite strong evidence of the neurodevelopmental origins of psychosis, current pharmacological treatment is not usually initiated until after a clinical diagnosis is made, and is focussed on antagonising striatal dopamine receptors. These drugs are only partially effective, have serious side effects, fail to alleviate the negative and cognitive symptoms of the disorder, and are not useful as a preventive treatment. In recent years, attention has turned to upstream brain regions that regulate striatal dopamine function, such as the hippocampus. This review draws together these recent data to discuss why the hippocampus may be especially vulnerable in the pathophysiology of psychosis. First, we describe the neurodevelopmental trajectory of the hippocampus and its susceptibility to dysfunction, exploring this region's proneness to structural and functional imbalances, metabolic pressures, and oxidative stress. We then examine mechanisms of hippocampal dysfunction in psychosis and in individuals at high-risk for psychosis and discuss how and when hippocampal abnormalities may be targeted in these groups. We conclude with future directions for prospective studies to unlock the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies targeting hippocampal circuit imbalances to prevent or delay the onset of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Knight
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Robert McCutcheon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Daniella Dwir
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anthony A Grace
- Departments of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
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9
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Structural and Functional Deviations of the Hippocampus in Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105482. [PMID: 35628292 PMCID: PMC9143100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a grave neuropsychiatric disease which frequently onsets between the end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood. It is characterized by a variety of neuropsychiatric abnormalities which are categorized into positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. Most therapeutical strategies address the positive symptoms by antagonizing D2-dopamine-receptors (DR). However, negative and cognitive symptoms persist and highly impair the life quality of patients due to their disabling effects. Interestingly, hippocampal deviations are a hallmark of schizophrenia and can be observed in early as well as advanced phases of the disease progression. These alterations are commonly accompanied by a rise in neuronal activity. Therefore, hippocampal formation plays an important role in the manifestation of schizophrenia. Furthermore, studies with animal models revealed a link between environmental risk factors and morphological as well as electrophysiological abnormalities in the hippocampus. Here, we review recent findings on structural and functional hippocampal abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and in schizophrenia animal models, and we give an overview on current experimental approaches that especially target the hippocampus. A better understanding of hippocampal aberrations in schizophrenia might clarify their impact on the manifestation and on the outcome of this severe disease.
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10
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Bâ MB, Curtis L, Pellizzer G. Viewer and object mental rotation in young adults with psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2022; 240:92-102. [PMID: 34991043 PMCID: PMC9271235 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients have difficulty with processing visuo-spatial information, which may explain their deficits with considering other people's point-of-view. Processing visuo-spatial information operates on egocentric and allocentric frames of reference. Here, we tested the ability of individuals at different stages of psychotic disorders, specifically ultra-high-risk for psychosis individuals, as well as first-episode psychosis, and chronic schizophrenia patients, to perform a viewer mental rotation task and an object mental rotation task. The two tasks were differentiated only by the instruction given. Healthy individuals and patients with a diagnosis of anxiety/depressive mood disorder served as non-patient and patient controls, respectively. The results show that first-episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia patients, but not ultra-high-risk individuals, had more errors and longer response times with both mental rotation tasks than the two control groups. In addition, chronic schizophrenia patients had additional difficulty with the object rotation task. The difference in performance between groups and tasks remained significant even after controlling for age, IQ, and antipsychotic medication dose. The results indicate that patients with psychotic disorders have a deficit of mental spatial imagery that include both egocentric and allocentric representations. This deficit may explain the difficulty of these patients with perspective-taking, and inferring other people's point of view, thoughts or intentions which is at the core of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Badan Bâ
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Logos Curtis
- Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Pellizzer
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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11
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Brunner G, Gajwani R, Gross J, Gumley AI, Krishnadas R, Lawrie SM, Schwannauer M, Schultze-Lutter F, Fracasso A, Uhlhaas PJ. Hippocampal structural alterations in early-stage psychosis: Specificity and relationship to clinical outcomes. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 35:103087. [PMID: 35780662 PMCID: PMC9421451 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with early-stage psychosis show reduced hippocampal volumes. FEP show bilateral and widespread changes, while left hemisphere is affected in CHR-P. However, hippocampal changes do not show a relationship with clinical outcomes.
Hippocampal dysfunctions are a core feature of schizophrenia, but conflicting evidence exists whether volumetric and morphological changes are present in early-stage psychosis and to what extent these deficits are related to clinical trajectories. In this study, we recruited individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) (n = 108), patients with a first episode of psychosis (FEP) (n = 37), healthy controls (HC) (n = 70) as well as a psychiatric control group with substance abuse and affective disorders (CHR-N: n = 38). MRI-data at baseline were obtained and volumetric as well as vertex analyses of the hippocampus were carried out. Moreover, volumetric changes were examined in the amygdala, caudate, nucleus accumbens, pallidum, putamen and thalamus. In addition, we obtained follow-up functional and symptomatic assessments in CHR-P individuals to examine the question whether anatomical deficits at baseline predicted clinical trajectories. Our results show that the hippocampus is the only structure showing significant volumetric decrease in early-stage psychosis, with FEPs showing significantly smaller hippocampal volumes bilaterally alongside widespread shape changes in the vertex analysis. For the CHR-P group, volumetric decreases were confined to the left hippocampus. However, hippocampal alterations in the CHR-P group were not robustly associated with clinical outcomes, including the persistence of attenuated psychotic symptoms and functional trajectories. Accordingly, our findings highlight that dysfunctions in hippocampal anatomy are an important feature of early-stage psychosis which may, however, not be related to clinical outcomes in CHR-P participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Brunner
- Institute for Neuroscience and Psychology, Univ. of Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Joachim Gross
- Institute for Neuroscience and Psychology, Univ. of Glasgow, UK; Institute of Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Airlangga, Indonesia; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter J Uhlhaas
- Institute for Neuroscience and Psychology, Univ. of Glasgow, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Evermann U, Gaser C, Meller T, Pfarr J, Grezellschak S, Nenadić I. Nonclinical psychotic-like experiences and schizotypy dimensions: Associations with hippocampal subfield and amygdala volumes. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5075-5088. [PMID: 34302409 PMCID: PMC8449098 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizotypy and psychotic-like experiences (PLE) form part of the wider psychosis continuum and may have brain structural correlates in nonclinical cohorts. This study aimed to compare the effects of differential schizotypy dimensions, PLE, and their interaction on hippocampal subfields and amygdala volumes in the absence of clinical psychopathology. In a cohort of 367 psychiatrically healthy individuals, we assessed schizotypal traits using the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Life Experiences (O-LIFE) and PLE using the short form of the Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ-16). Based on high-resolution structural MRI scans, we used automated segmentation to estimate volumes of limbic structures. Sex and total intracranial volume (Step 1), PLE and schizotypy dimensions (Step 2), and their interaction terms (Step 3) were entered as regressors for bilateral amygdala and hippocampal subfield volumes in hierarchical multiple linear regression models. Positive schizotypy, but not PLE, was negatively associated with left amygdala and subiculum volumes. O-LIFE Impulsive Nonconformity, as well as the two-way interaction between positive schizotypy and PLE, were associated with larger left subiculum volumes. None of the estimators for right hemispheric hippocampal subfield volumes survived correction for multiple comparisons. Our findings support differential associations of hippocampus subfield volumes with trait dimensions rather than PLE, and support overlap and interactions between psychometric positive schizotypy and PLE. In a healthy cohort without current psychosis risk syndromes, the positive association between PLE and hippocampal subfield volume occurred at a high expression of positive schizotypy. Further studies combining stable, transient, and genetic parameters are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Evermann
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB)MarburgGermany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
- Department of NeurologyJena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Tina Meller
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB)MarburgGermany
| | - Julia‐Katharina Pfarr
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB)MarburgGermany
| | - Sarah Grezellschak
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB)MarburgGermany
- Marburg University HospitalUKGMMarburgGermany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Lab, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐Universität MarburgMarburgGermany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB)MarburgGermany
- Marburg University HospitalUKGMMarburgGermany
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13
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Vissink CE, Winter-van Rossum I, Cannon TD, Fusar-Poli P, Kahn RS, Bossong MG. Structural brain volumes of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 2:147-152. [PMID: 36325161 PMCID: PMC9616363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have yielded conflicting results. Methods The aims of this study were to compare intracranial and structural brain volumes and variability of CHR individuals with those of healthy control (HC) subjects and to investigate brain volume differences and variability in CHR subjects with and without transition to psychosis. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for relevant studies published before June 1, 2020. Results A total of 34 studies were deemed eligible, which included baseline data of 2111 CHR and 1472 HC participants. In addition, data were included for 401 CHR subjects who subsequently transitioned to psychosis and 1023 nontransitioned CHR participants. Whole-brain and left, right, and bilateral hippocampal volume were significantly smaller in CHR subjects than in HC subjects. Cerebrospinal fluid and lateral ventricle volumes were significantly larger in CHR subjects than in HC subjects. Variability was not significantly different in CHR subjects compared with HC subjects. CHR individuals with and without subsequent transition to psychosis did not show significant differences in any of the volumetric assessments or in variability. Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrates reduced whole-brain and hippocampal volumes and increased cerebrospinal fluid and lateral ventricle volumes in CHR individuals. However, no significant differences were observed in any of the volumetric assessments between CHR individuals with and without subsequent transition to psychosis. These findings suggest that although structural brain alterations are present before the onset of the disorder, they may not significantly contribute to the identification of CHR individuals at the highest risk for the development of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad E. Vissink
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to Conrad E. Vissink, M.Sc.
| | - Inge Winter-van Rossum
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tyrone D. Cannon
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection Laboratory, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rene S. Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Matthijs G. Bossong
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Matthijs G. Bossong, Ph.D.
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14
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Social functioning and brain imaging in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: A systematic review. Schizophr Res 2021; 233:3-12. [PMID: 34126554 PMCID: PMC8380704 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in social functioning are a core impairment in psychosis and are associated with poor outcomes. These deficits are found in those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis, and can persist even in the absence of transition. However, the neurobiological underpinnings of social functioning remain unclear, therefore we conducted a systematic review of brain metrics that have been associated with social functioning in youth at CHR for psychosis. Five databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EBM reviews, Embase, and PsycINFO) were searched from inception to May 5, 2020. Studies were selected if they examined brain imaging, and social functioning in youth at CHR for psychosis. Of the 9629 citations found through online database searching, 12 studies with 696 CHR participants met inclusion criteria. Too few studies were focused on the same brain region using the same methodology to perform a meta-analysis, however, loci within the prefrontal cortex were most often associated with social functioning. Few studies have linked social functioning to brain imaging metrics, suggesting that future work should focus on this relationship.
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15
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Catalan A, Salazar de Pablo G, Vaquerizo Serrano J, Mosillo P, Baldwin H, Fernández-Rivas A, Moreno C, Arango C, Correll CU, Bonoldi I, Fusar-Poli P. Annual Research Review: Prevention of psychosis in adolescents - systematic review and meta-analysis of advances in detection, prognosis and intervention. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:657-673. [PMID: 32924144 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical high-risk state for psychosis (CHR-P) paradigm has facilitated the implementation of psychosis prevention into clinical practice; however, advancements in adolescent CHR-P populations are less established. METHODS We performed a PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review of the Web of Science database, from inception until 7 October 2019, to identify original studies conducted in CHR-P children and adolescents (mean age <18 years). Findings were systematically appraised around core themes: detection, prognosis and intervention. We performed meta-analyses (employing Q statistics and I 2 test) regarding the proportion of CHR-P subgroups, the prevalence of baseline comorbid mental disorders, the risk of psychosis onset and the type of interventions received at baseline. Quality assessment and publication bias were also analysed. RESULTS Eighty-seven articles were included (n = 4,667 CHR-P individuals). Quality of studies ranged from 3.5 to 8 (median 5.5) on a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Detection: Individuals were aged 15.6 ± 1.2 years (51.5% males), mostly (83%) presenting with attenuated positive psychotic symptoms. CHR-P psychometric accuracy improved when caregivers served as additional informants. Comorbid mood (46.4%) and anxiety (31.4%) disorders were highly prevalent. Functioning and cognition were impaired. Neurobiological studies were inconclusive. PROGNOSIS Risk for psychosis was 10.4% (95%CI: 5.8%-18.1%) at 6 months, 20% (95%CI: 15%-26%) at 12 months, 23% (95%CI: 18%-29%) at 24 months and 23.3% (95%CI: 17.3%-30.7%) at ≥36 months. INTERVENTIONS There was not enough evidence to recommend one specific treatment (including cognitive behavioural therapy) over the others (including control conditions) to prevent the transition to psychosis in this population. Randomised controlled trials suggested that family interventions, cognitive remediation and fish oil supplementation may improve cognition, symptoms and functioning. At baseline, 30% of CHR-P adolescents were prescribed antipsychotics and 60% received psychotherapy. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to detect and formulate a group-level prognosis in adolescents at risk for psychosis. Future interventional research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catalan
- Mental Health Department - Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Basurto University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country - UPV/EHU, Biscay, Spain.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Vaquerizo Serrano
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pierluca Mosillo
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Helen Baldwin
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aranzazu Fernández-Rivas
- Mental Health Department - Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Basurto University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country - UPV/EHU, Biscay, Spain
| | - Carmen Moreno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/ Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilaria Bonoldi
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,OASIS service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,National Institute for Health Research, Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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16
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Wilckens KA, Stillman CM, Waiwood AM, Kang C, Leckie RL, Peven JC, Foust JE, Fraundorf SH, Erickson KI. Exercise interventions preserve hippocampal volume: A meta-analysis. Hippocampus 2021; 31:335-347. [PMID: 33315276 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal volume is a marker of brain health and is reduced with aging and neurological disease. Exercise may be effective at increasing and preserving hippocampal volume, potentially serving as a treatment for conditions associated with hippocampal atrophy (e.g., dementia). This meta-analysis aimed to identify whether exercise training has a positive effect on hippocampal volume and how population characteristics and exercise parameters moderate this effect. Studies met the following criteria: (a) controlled trials; (b) interventions of physical exercise; (c) included at least one time-point of hippocampal volume data before the intervention and one after; (d) assessed hippocampal volume using either manual or automated segmentation algorithms. Animal studies, voxel-based morphometry analyses, and multi-modal interventions (e.g., cognitive training or meditation) were excluded. The primary analysis in n = 23 interventions from 22 published studies revealed a significant positive effect of exercise on total hippocampal volume. The overall effect was significant in older samples (65 years of age or older) and in interventions that lasted over 24 weeks and had less than 150 min per week of exercise. These findings suggest that moderate amounts of exercise for interventions greater than 6 months have a positive effect on hippocampal volume including in older populations vulnerable to hippocampal atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chelsea M Stillman
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aashna M Waiwood
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chaeryon Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Regina L Leckie
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jamie C Peven
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jill E Foust
- Health Sciences Library System, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott H Fraundorf
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
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17
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Andreou C, Borgwardt S. Structural and functional imaging markers for susceptibility to psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2773-2785. [PMID: 32066828 PMCID: PMC7577836 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of clinical criteria for the operationalization of psychosis high risk provided a basis for early detection and treatment of vulnerable individuals. However, about two-thirds of people meeting clinical high-risk (CHR) criteria will never develop a psychotic disorder. In the effort to increase prognostic precision, structural and functional neuroimaging have received growing attention as a potentially useful resource in the prediction of psychotic transition in CHR patients. The present review summarizes current research on neuroimaging biomarkers in the CHR state, with a particular focus on their prognostic utility and limitations. Large, multimodal/multicenter studies are warranted to address issues important for clinical applicability such as generalizability and replicability, standardization of clinical definitions and neuroimaging methods, and consideration of contextual factors (e.g., age, comorbidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Andreou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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Mancini V, Sandini C, Padula MC, Zöller D, Schneider M, Schaer M, Eliez S. Positive psychotic symptoms are associated with divergent developmental trajectories of hippocampal volume during late adolescence in patients with 22q11DS. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:2844-2859. [PMID: 31164700 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Low hippocampal volume is a consistent finding in schizophrenia and across the psychosis spectrum. However, there is a lack of studies investigating longitudinal hippocampal development and its relationship with psychotic symptoms. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) has proven to be a remarkable model for the prospective study of individuals at high risk of schizophrenia to unravel the pathophysiological processes predating the onset of psychosis. Repeated cerebral MRIs were acquired from 140 patients with 22q11DS (53 experiencing moderate-to-severe psychotic symptoms) and 135 healthy controls aged from 6 to 35 years and with up to 5 time points per participant. Hippocampal subfield analysis was conducted using FreeSurfer-v.6 and FIRST-FSL. Then, whole hippocampal and subfield volumes were compared across the groups. Relative to controls, patients with 22q11DS showed a remarkably lower volume of all subfields except for CA2/3. No divergent trajectories in hippocampal development were found. When comparing patients with 22q11DS exhibiting psychotic symptoms to those without psychosis, we detected a volume decrease during late adolescence, starting in CA1 and spreading to other subfields. Our findings suggested that hippocampal volume is consistently smaller in patients with 22q11DS. Moreover, we have demonstrated that patients with 22q11DS and psychotic symptoms undergo a further decrease in volume during adolescence, a vulnerable period for the emergence of psychosis. Interestingly, CA2/3, despite being affected in patients with psychotic symptoms, was the only area not reduced in patients with 22q11DS relative to controls, thus suggesting that its atrophy exclusively correlates with the presence of positive psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mancini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Corrado Sandini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria C Padula
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Schaer
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Hippocampal volume in early psychosis: a 2-year longitudinal study. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:306. [PMID: 32873788 PMCID: PMC7463254 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-00985-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-sectional studies suggest that hippocampal volume declines across stages of psychosis. In contrast, longitudinal studies indicate that hippocampal volume is stable in the critical period following illness onset. How can these seemingly disparate sets of findings be resolved? In the present study, we examine two previously unexplored reasons for this discrepancy. First, only specific subregions of the hippocampus may change during the early stage of psychosis. Second, there is diagnostic heterogeneity in the early stage of psychosis and cross-sectional analysis does not permit examination of illness trajectory. Some early stage individuals will have persistent illness leading to a diagnosis of schizophrenia, whereas in others, psychosis will remit. Hippocampal volume may be reduced only in individuals who will ultimately be diagnosed with schizophrenia. We acquired longitudinal structural MRI data from 63 early psychosis and 63 healthy control participants, with up to 4 time points per participant collected over 2 years. Subfield volumes were measured in the anterior and posterior hippocampus using automated segmentation specialized for longitudinal analysis. We observed a volume deficit in early psychosis participants compared to healthy controls that was most pronounced in the anterior hippocampus, but this deficit did not change over 2 years. Importantly, we found that anterior cornu ammonis volume is smaller at baseline in individuals who were diagnosed with schizophrenia at follow-up, but normal in those who maintained a diagnosis of schizophreniform disorder over 2 years. Smaller hippocampal volume is not diagnostic of psychosis, but is instead prognostic of clinical outcome.
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20
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Söder E, Krkovic K, Lincoln TM. The relevance of chronic stress for the acute stress reaction in people at elevated risk for psychosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 119:104684. [PMID: 32512251 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theoretical models and empirical evidence suggest that alterations of the acute stress reaction are a vulnerability indicator of psychosis. However, more studies are needed that use laboratory stressors and a multimodal assessment of the stress reaction. Furthermore, it needs to be clarified whether alterations of the acute stress reaction result from the chronic stress level. METHODS We recruited participants at familial (n = 32) and symptomatic risk (n = 43) for psychosis and a low-risk control group (n = 35). We assessed their chronic stress levels (self-report, hair cortisol concentrations) and self-reported (subjective, affective, paranoia) as well as physiological (heart rate, skin conductance level, cortisol) reactions to the Trier Social Stress Test. RESULTS The groups did not differ in their acute stress reaction but both at-risk groups showed higher levels of self-reported chronic stress. Chronic stress predicted changes in negative affect, paranoia and skin conductance level in the total sample. CONCLUSIONS We could not confirm that alterations of the acute stress reaction are an early vulnerability indicator of psychosis and conclude that they might develop at a later time-point on the trajectory to psychosis. The high chronic stress level of the at-risk groups might constitute an intermediate state that increases the likelihood of altered stress reactions in later risk stages. To test this, future work needs to investigate the temporal order between chronic stress levels, acute stress reactions and symptom development across the psychosis continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Söder
- Universität Hamburg, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Katarina Krkovic
- Universität Hamburg, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tania M Lincoln
- Universität Hamburg, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Von-Melle-Park 5, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Metzak PD, Devoe DJ, Iwaschuk A, Braun A, Addington J. Brain changes associated with negative symptoms in clinical high risk for psychosis: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:367-383. [PMID: 32768487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The negative symptoms of schizophrenia are linked to poorer functional outcomes and decreases in quality of life, and are often the first to develop in individuals who are at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis. However, the accompanying neurobiological changes are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the studies that have examined the brain metrics associated with negative symptoms in those at CHR. Electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2019. Studies were selected if they mentioned negative symptoms in youth at CHR for psychosis, and brain imaging. Of 261 citations, 43 studies with 2144 CHR participants met inclusion criteria. Too few studies were focused on the same brain regions using similar neuroimaging methods to perform a meta-analysis, however, the results of this systematic review suggest a relationship between negative symptom increases and decreases in grey matter. The paucity of studies linking changes in brain structure and function with negative symptoms in those at CHR suggests that future work should focus on examining these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Metzak
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Daniel J Devoe
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Amanda Iwaschuk
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Amy Braun
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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22
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Fusar-Poli P, Salazar de Pablo G, Correll CU, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Millan MJ, Borgwardt S, Galderisi S, Bechdolf A, Pfennig A, Kessing LV, van Amelsvoort T, Nieman DH, Domschke K, Krebs MO, Koutsouleris N, McGuire P, Do KQ, Arango C. Prevention of Psychosis: Advances in Detection, Prognosis, and Intervention. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77:755-765. [PMID: 32159746 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Detection, prognosis, and indicated interventions in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) are key components of preventive psychiatry. OBJECTIVE To provide a comprehensive, evidence-based systematic appraisal of the advancements and limitations of detection, prognosis, and interventions for CHR-P individuals and to formulate updated recommendations. EVIDENCE REVIEW Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Reviews, and Ovid/PsychINFO were searched for articles published from January 1, 2013, to June 30, 2019, to identify meta-analyses conducted in CHR-P individuals. MEDLINE was used to search the reference lists of retrieved articles. Data obtained from each article included first author, year of publication, topic investigated, type of publication, study design and number, sample size of CHR-P population and comparison group, type of comparison group, age and sex of CHR-P individuals, type of prognostic assessment, interventions, quality assessment (using AMSTAR [Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews]), and key findings with their effect sizes. FINDINGS In total, 42 meta-analyses published in the past 6 years and encompassing 81 outcomes were included. For the detection component, CHR-P individuals were young (mean [SD] age, 20.6 [3.2] years), were more frequently male (58%), and predominantly presented with attenuated psychotic symptoms lasting for more than 1 year before their presentation at specialized services. CHR-P individuals accumulated several sociodemographic risk factors compared with control participants. Substance use (33% tobacco use and 27% cannabis use), comorbid mental disorders (41% with depressive disorders and 15% with anxiety disorders), suicidal ideation (66%), and self-harm (49%) were also frequently seen in CHR-P individuals. CHR-P individuals showed impairments in work (Cohen d = 0.57) or educational functioning (Cohen d = 0.21), social functioning (Cohen d = 1.25), and quality of life (Cohen d = 1.75). Several neurobiological and neurocognitive alterations were confirmed in this study. For the prognosis component, the prognostic accuracy of CHR-P instruments was good, provided they were used in clinical samples. Overall, risk of psychosis was 22% at 3 years, and the risk was the highest in the brief and limited intermittent psychotic symptoms subgroup (38%). Baseline severity of attenuated psychotic (Cohen d = 0.35) and negative symptoms (Cohen d = 0.39) as well as low functioning (Cohen d = 0.29) were associated with an increased risk of psychosis. Controlling risk enrichment and implementing sequential risk assessments can optimize prognostic accuracy. For the intervention component, no robust evidence yet exists to favor any indicated intervention over another (including needs-based interventions and control conditions) for preventing psychosis or ameliorating any other outcome in CHR-P individuals. However, because the uncertainty of this evidence is high, needs-based and psychological interventions should still be offered. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This review confirmed recent substantial advancements in the detection and prognosis of CHR-P individuals while suggesting that effective indicated interventions need to be identified. This evidence suggests a need for specialized services to detect CHR-P individuals in primary and secondary care settings, to formulate a prognosis with validated psychometric instruments, and to offer needs-based and psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York.,The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Manhasset, New York.,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, Institut de Recherche Servier, Croissy sur Seine, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Andreas Bechdolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine with Early Intervention and Recognition Centre, Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Vivantes Klinikum im Friedrichshain, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University Medical Center School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien H Nieman
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModul), Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- INSERM, IPNP UMR S1266, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Psychiatriques, Université Paris Descartes, Université de Paris, CNRS, GDR3557-Institut de Psychiatrie, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, GHU Paris-Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Paris, France
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip McGuire
- Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne-Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Celso Arango
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Cao H, Cannon TD. New Evidence Supporting a Role of Hippocampus in the Development of Psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:200-201. [PMID: 31908287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Cao
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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24
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Hinney B, Walter A, Aghlmandi S, Andreou C, Borgwardt S. Does Hippocampal Volume Predict Transition to Psychosis in a High-Risk Group? A Meta-Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:614659. [PMID: 33519555 PMCID: PMC7840882 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.614659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia has a prodromal phase of several years in most patients, making it possible to identify patients at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing the disorder. So far, these individuals are identified based on clinical criteria alone, and there is no reliable biomarker for predicting the transition to psychosis. It is well-established that reductions in brain volume, especially in the hippocampus, are associated with schizophrenia. Therefore, hippocampal volume may serve as a biomarker for psychosis. Several studies have already investigated hippocampal volume in CHR groups. Based on these studies, the present meta-analysis compares the baseline left and right hippocampal volume of CHR patients who developed a psychosis with that of CHR patients without such a transition. Our results show no statistically significant effect of the hippocampal volume on the transition risk for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Hinney
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Walter
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Soheila Aghlmandi
- Basel Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christina Andreou
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Warland A, Kendall KM, Rees E, Kirov G, Caseras X. Schizophrenia-associated genomic copy number variants and subcortical brain volumes in the UK Biobank. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:854-862. [PMID: 30679740 PMCID: PMC7156345 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable disorder for which anatomical brain alterations have been repeatedly reported in clinical samples. Unaffected at-risk groups have also been studied in an attempt to identify brain changes that do not reflect reverse causation or treatment effects. However, no robust associations have been observed between neuroanatomical phenotypes and known genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. We tested subcortical brain volume differences between 49 unaffected participants carrying at least one of the 12 copy number variants associated with schizophrenia in UK Biobank and 9063 individuals who did not carry any of the 93 copy number variants reported to be pathogenic. Our results show that CNV carriers have reduced volume in some of the subcortical structures previously shown to be reduced in schizophrenia. Moreover, these associations partially accounted for the association between pathogenic copy number variants and cognitive impairment, which is one of the features of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Warland
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Kimberley M. Kendall
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Elliott Rees
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - George Kirov
- 0000 0001 0807 5670grid.5600.3MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ UK
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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26
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Niznikiewicz MA. Neurobiological approaches to the study of clinical and genetic high risk for developing psychosis. Psychiatry Res 2019; 277:17-22. [PMID: 30926150 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Research on neurobiological impairments in clinical and genetic high risk for developing psychosis individuals (CHR) has identified several brain abnormalities that impact both brain structure and function. The current review will discuss research examining brain abnormalities in clinical and genetic high risk for psychosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) focusing on structural brain abnormalities, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) focusing on the integrity of white matter tracks, functional MRI focusing on functional brain abnormalities, and EEG and event related potential (ERP) methodologies focusing on indices of cognitive dysfunction in CHR. Studies conducted across these different methodologies sought to identify brain regions and brain processes that would distinguish between those high risk individuals who converted to psychosis versus those who did not. In addition, in some of the studies, the distinction was made between individuals who converted to psychosis, those who did not, and those individuals who remained clinically symptomatic while not converting to psychosis. The brain regions most often identified as abnormal in this subject group were the brain areas often found abnormal in schizophrenia, including frontal and temporal regions. Similarly, several cognitive processes often found to be abnormal in schizophrenia have been also found impaired in CHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Niznikiewicz
- Harvard Medical School and Veterans Administration Boston, Healthcare System, United States.
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27
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Allen P, Moore H, Corcoran CM, Gilleen J, Kozhuharova P, Reichenberg A, Malaspina D. Emerging Temporal Lobe Dysfunction in People at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:298. [PMID: 31133894 PMCID: PMC6526750 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals have been increasingly utilized to investigate the prodromal phases of psychosis and progression to illness. Research has identified medial and lateral temporal lobe abnormalities in CHR individuals. Dysfunction in the medial temporal lobe, particularly the hippocampus, is linked to dysregulation of glutamate and dopamine via a hippocampal-striatal-midbrain network that may lead to aberrant signaling of salience underpinning the formation of delusions. Similarly, lateral temporal dysfunction may be linked to the disorganized speech and language impairments observed in the CHR stage. Here, we summarize the significance of these neurobiological findings in terms of emergent psychotic symptoms and conversion to psychosis in CHR populations. We propose key questions for future work with the aim to identify the neural mechanisms that underlie the development of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, University of Columbia, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cheryl M. Corcoran
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - James Gilleen
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petya Kozhuharova
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Avi Reichenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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28
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Labad J. The role of cortisol and prolactin in the pathogenesis and clinical expression of psychotic disorders. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:24-36. [PMID: 30503781 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
For many years, the study of the psychotic phenotpe and approach to treatment of schizophrenia has been focused on positive psychotic symptoms, although the functional outcome is more clearly associated with negative and cognitive symptoms. Recently, there has been a growing interest in identifying biomarkers associated with these symptoms at early stages of the illness, including the risk of psychosis in vulnerable individuals (at-risk mental states [ARMS]). In this paper, the role of cortisol and prolactin in the clinical expression of psychosis will be reviewed. In examination of the role of these hormones and the risk of developing a psychotic disorder in ARMS individuals, previous studies have suggested potential roles for both cortisol and prolactin. The study of cognitive abilities in recent-onset psychotic patients has suggested that affected cognitive domains differ depending upon the studied hormones: cortisol (processing speed, verbal and working memory) and prolactin (processing speed), with several studies suggesting that there are sex-differences in these associations. All of these results suggest that both cortisol and prolactin contribute to the pathogenesis and clinical expression of psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Labad
- Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Parc Taulí (I3PT), Translational Neuroscience Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CIBERSAM. Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Lee K, Lee YM, Park JM, Lee BD, Moon E, Jeong HJ, Kim SY, Chung YI, Kim JH. Right hippocampus atrophy is independently associated with Alzheimer's disease with psychosis. Psychogeriatrics 2019; 19:105-110. [PMID: 30430708 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to determine whether regionally distributed medial temporal cortex thickness (or hippocampal volume) and frontal lobe volume are independently associated with the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with psychosis. METHODS We identified 26 AD patients with psychosis (AD+P) and 48 AD patients without psychosis (AD-P) from the Memory Impairment Clinic at Pusan National University Hospital in South Korea. They were matched for age, gender, duration of AD, and Clinical Dementia Rating sum of box score. All participants met the National Institute of Neurological and Communication Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for probable AD. Psychosis was diagnosed according to Jeste and Finkel's proposed diagnostic criteria for psychosis of AD. All participants underwent 3-T magnetic resonance imaging, and 3-D magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo sequence was acquired for each. The FreeSurfer version 5.1 software package was used to analyze cortical thickness and volume on 3-D T1 -weighted images. anova was used to investigate the differences in cortical thickness and the volume of the total frontal cortex, total temporal cortex, and subregions of the medial temporal cortex between groups after age, gender, years of education, Clinical Dementia Rating sum of box score, duration of AD, and total intracranial volume were controlled for. Furthermore, we added the total frontal volume as an additional variable to investigate whether the association between the medial temporal cortex and AD+P is independent of the frontal cortex. RESULTS We found that both left and right hippocampal volume were smaller in AD+P than in AD-P. In particular, there was a significant difference in right hippocampal volume between the AD+P and AD-P groups after total frontal volume was added as an additional variable. CONCLUSION We found that more severe hippocampal atrophy is associated with AD+P than with AD-P. In addition, atrophy of the right hippocampus remained significant among AD+P after adjustment for frontal volume. These findings suggest that right hippocampal atrophy is independently associated with AD+P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Je-Min Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Byung-Dae Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Eunsoo Moon
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young-In Chung
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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30
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Pillinger T, D’Ambrosio E, McCutcheon R, Howes OD. Is psychosis a multisystem disorder? A meta-review of central nervous system, immune, cardiometabolic, and endocrine alterations in first-episode psychosis and perspective on potential models. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:776-794. [PMID: 29743584 PMCID: PMC6124651 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
People with psychotic disorders show abnormalities in several organ systems in addition to the central nervous system (CNS); and this contributes to excess mortality. However, it is unclear how strong the evidence is for alterations in non-CNS systems at the onset of psychosis, how the alterations in non-CNS systems compare to those in the CNS, or how they relate to symptoms. Here, we consider these questions, and suggest potential models to account for findings. We conducted a systematic meta-review to summarize effect sizes for both CNS (focusing on brain structural, neurophysiological, and neurochemical parameters) and non-CNS dysfunction (focusing on immune, cardiometabolic, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) systems) in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Relevant meta-analyses were identified in a systematic search of Pubmed and the methodological quality of these was assessed using the AMSTAR checklist (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews). Case-control data were extracted from studies included in these meta-analyses. Random effects meta-analyses were re-run and effect size magnitudes for individual parameters were calculated, as were summary effect sizes for each CNS and non-CNS system. We also grouped studies to obtain overall effect sizes for non-CNS and CNS alterations. Robustness of data for non-CNS and CNS parameters was assessed using Rosenthal's fail-safe N. We next statistically compared summary effect size for overall CNSand overall non-CNS alterations, as well as for each organ system separately. We also examined how non-CNS alterations correlate CNS alterations, and with psychopathological symptoms. Case-control data were extracted for 165 studies comprising a total sample size of 13,440. For people with first episode psychosis compared with healthy controls, we observed alterations in immune parameters (summary effect size: g = 1.19), cardiometabolic parameters (g = 0.23); HPA parameters (g = 0.68); brain structure (g = 0.40); neurophysiology (g = 0.80); and neurochemistry (g = 0.43). Grouping non-CNS organ systems together provided an effect size for overall non-CNS alterations in patients compared with controls (g = 0.58), which was not significantly different from the overall CNS alterations effect size (g = 0.50). However, the summary effect size for immune alterations was significantly greater than that for brain structural (P < 0.001) and neurochemical alterations (P < 0.001), while the summary effect size for cardiometabolic alterations was significantly lower than neurochemical (P = 0.04), neurophysiological (P < 0.001), and brain structural alterations (P = 0.001). The summary effect size for HPA alterations was not significantly different from brain structural (P = 0.14), neurophysiological (P = 0.54), or neurochemical alterations (P = 0.22). These outcomes remained similar in antipsychotic naive sensitivity analyses. We found some, but limited and inconsistent, evidence that non-CNS alterations were associated with CNS changes and symptoms in first episode psychosis. Our findings indicate that there are robust alterations in non-CNS systems in psychosis, and that these are broadly similar in magnitude to a range of CNS alterations. We consider models that could account for these findings and discuss implications for future research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Pillinger
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cIoPPN, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Enrico D’Ambrosio
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cIoPPN, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Robert McCutcheon
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cIoPPN, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK
| | - Oliver D. Howes
- 0000 0001 2322 6764grid.13097.3cIoPPN, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF UK ,0000000122478951grid.14105.31MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK ,0000 0001 2113 8111grid.7445.2Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN UK
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Hafizi S, Guma E, Koppel A, Da Silva T, Kiang M, Houle S, Wilson AA, Rusjan PM, Chakravarty MM, Mizrahi R. TSPO expression and brain structure in the psychosis spectrum. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 74:79-85. [PMID: 29906515 PMCID: PMC6289857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosis is associated with abnormal structural changes in the brain including decreased regional brain volumes and abnormal brain morphology. However, the underlying causes of these structural abnormalities are less understood. The immune system, including microglial activation, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychosis. Although previous studies have suggested a connection between peripheral proinflammatory cytokines and structural brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, no in-vivo studies have investigated whether microglial activation is also linked to brain structure alterations previously observed in schizophrenia and its putative prodrome. In this study, we investigated the link between mitochondrial 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) and structural brain characteristics (i.e. regional brain volume, cortical thickness, and hippocampal shape) in key brain regions such as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of a large group of participants (N = 90) including individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, first-episode psychosis (mostly antipsychotic-naïve) patients, and healthy volunteers. The participants underwent structural brain MRI scan and [18F]FEPPA positron emission tomography (PET) targeting TSPO. A significant [18F]FEPPA binding-by-group interaction was observed in morphological measures across the left hippocampus. In first-episode psychosis, we observed associations between [18F]FEPPA VT (total volume of distribution) and outward and inward morphological alterations, respectively, in the dorsal and ventro-medial portions of the left hippocampus. These associations were not significant in CHR or healthy volunteers. There was no association between [18F]FEPPA VT and other structural brain characteristics. Our findings suggest a link between TSPO expression and alterations in hippocampal morphology in first-episode psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Hafizi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisa Guma
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alex Koppel
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tania Da Silva
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kiang
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan A. Wilson
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo M. Rusjan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Bauman MD, Schumann CM, Carlson EL, Taylor SL, Vázquez-Rosa E, Cintrón-Pérez CJ, Shin MK, Williams NS, Pieper AA. Neuroprotective efficacy of P7C3 compounds in primate hippocampus. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:202. [PMID: 30258178 PMCID: PMC6158178 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0244-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need for translating basic science discoveries into new therapeutics for patients suffering from difficult to treat neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions. Previously, a target-agnostic in vivo screen in mice identified P7C3 aminopropyl carbazole as capable of enhancing the net magnitude of postnatal neurogenesis by protecting young neurons from death. Subsequently, neuroprotective efficacy of P7C3 compounds in a broad spectrum of preclinical rodent models has also been observed. An important next step in translating this work to patients is to determine whether P7C3 compounds exhibit similar efficacy in primates. Adult male rhesus monkeys received daily oral P7C3-A20 or vehicle for 38 weeks. During weeks 2-11, monkeys received weekly injection of 5'-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) to label newborn cells, the majority of which would normally die over the following 27 weeks. BrdU+ cells were quantified using unbiased stereology. Separately in mice, the proneurogenic efficacy of P7C3-A20 was compared to that of NSI-189, a proneurogenic drug currently in clinical trials for patients with major depression. Orally-administered P7C3-A20 provided sustained plasma exposure, was well-tolerated, and elevated the survival of hippocampal BrdU+ cells in nonhuman primates without adverse central or peripheral tissue effects. In mice, NSI-189 was shown to be pro-proliferative, and P7C3-A20 elevated the net magnitude of hippocampal neurogenesis to a greater degree than NSI-189 through its distinct mechanism of promoting neuronal survival. This pilot study provides evidence that P7C3-A20 safely protects neurons in nonhuman primates, suggesting that the neuroprotective efficacy of P7C3 compounds is likely to translate to humans as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D. Bauman
- 0000 0004 1936 9684grid.27860.3bDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA ,0000 0004 1936 9684grid.27860.3bUC Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, USA ,0000 0004 1936 9684grid.27860.3bCalifornia National Primate Research Center, Davis, USA ,0000 0004 1936 9684grid.27860.3bDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Schumann
- 0000 0004 1936 9684grid.27860.3bDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA ,0000 0004 1936 9684grid.27860.3bUC Davis MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Erin L. Carlson
- 0000 0004 1936 9684grid.27860.3bDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Sandra L. Taylor
- 0000 0004 1936 9684grid.27860.3bDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Edwin Vázquez-Rosa
- University Hospital Case Medical Center; Department of Psychiatry Case Western Reserve University; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Harrington Discovery Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Coral J. Cintrón-Pérez
- University Hospital Case Medical Center; Department of Psychiatry Case Western Reserve University; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Harrington Discovery Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Min-Kyoo Shin
- University Hospital Case Medical Center; Department of Psychiatry Case Western Reserve University; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Harrington Discovery Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Noelle S. Williams
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry, Dallas, TX USA
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- University Hospital Case Medical Center; Department of Psychiatry Case Western Reserve University; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Centers, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC, Harrington Discovery Institute, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Takahashi T, Suzuki M. Brain morphologic changes in early stages of psychosis: Implications for clinical application and early intervention. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:556-571. [PMID: 29717522 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, a large number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have been conducted in schizophrenia, which generally demonstrate gray matter reduction, predominantly in the frontal and temporo-limbic regions, as well as gross brain abnormalities (e.g., a deviated sulcogyral pattern). Although the causes as well as timing and course of these findings remain elusive, these morphologic changes (especially gross brain abnormalities and medial temporal lobe atrophy) are likely present at illness onset, possibly reflecting early neurodevelopmental abnormalities. In addition, longitudinal MRI studies suggest that patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses also have progressive gray matter reduction during the transition period from prodrome to overt psychosis, as well as initial periods after psychosis onset, while such changes may become almost stable in the chronic stage. These active brain changes during the early phases seem to be relevant to the development of clinical symptoms in a region-specific manner (e.g., superior temporal gyrus atrophy and positive psychotic symptoms), but may be at least partly ameliorated by antipsychotic medication. Recently, increasing evidence from MRI findings in individuals at risk for developing psychosis has suggested that those who subsequently develop psychosis have baseline brain changes, which could be at least partly predictive of later transition into psychosis. In this article, we selectively review previous MRI findings during the course of psychosis and also refer to the possible clinical applicability of these neuroimaging research findings, especially in the diagnosis of schizophrenia and early intervention for psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
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Vargas T, Dean DJ, Osborne KJ, Gupta T, Ristanovic I, Ozturk S, Turner J, van Erp TGM, Mittal VA. Hippocampal Subregions Across the Psychosis Spectrum. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:1091-1099. [PMID: 29272467 PMCID: PMC6101630 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Converging evidence suggests that hippocampal subregions subserve different functions, and are differentially affected by psychosis illness progression. Despite this fact, studies have not often studied subregions cross-sectionally across the psychosis spectrum. Furthermore, little is known about associations between subregion volumes and hippocampus-mediated cognition. METHODS A total of 222 participants (61 ultra high risk [UHR], 91 schizophrenia [SCZ], and 70 healthy volunteers) underwent a 3T MRI scan, as well as structured clinical interviews and a cognitive battery. Hippocampal subfield analysis was conducted with Freesurfer. We compared subregion volumes across groups, controlling for age, gender, and intracranial volume. We also examined associations in the UHR and SCZ groups between hippocampal subregion volumes and verbal learning, visual learning, and working memory. RESULTS We found a dose-dependent relationship such that the SCZ group showed significantly greater subfield volume reductions than the UHR group, which in turn showed significantly greater subfield volume reductions than the healthy volunteer group. We also found associations between subregion volume and cognitive performance in the visual memory, verbal memory, and working memory domains. DISCUSSION Our study examined hippocampal subregion volumes cross-sectionally in a large sample across the psychosis spectrum, as well as links with hippocampus-mediated cognitive function. Our findings suggest that hippocampal abnormalities emerge before first psychosis episode onset, and may be etiologically informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vargas
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, IL,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 847-467-3880, fax: 847-491-7859, e-mail:
| | - Derek J Dean
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | - Tina Gupta
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, IL
| | | | - Sekine Ozturk
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, IL
| | | | - Theo G M van Erp
- Psychiatry & Human Behavior Department, University of California Irvine
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Wojtalik JA, Eack SM, Smith MJ, Keshavan MS. Using Cognitive Neuroscience to Improve Mental Health Treatment: A Comprehensive Review. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR SOCIAL WORK AND RESEARCH 2018; 9:223-260. [PMID: 30505392 PMCID: PMC6258037 DOI: 10.1086/697566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mental health interventions do not yet offer complete, client-defined functional recovery, and novel directions in treatment research are needed to improve the efficacy of available interventions. One promising direction is the integration of social work and cognitive neuroscience methods, which provides new opportunities for clinical intervention research that will guide development of more effective mental health treatments that holistically attend to the biological, social, and environmental contributors to disability and recovery. This article reviews emerging trends in cognitive neuroscience and provides examples of how these advances can be used by social workers and allied professions to improve mental health treatment. We discuss neuroplasticity, which is the dynamic and malleable nature of the brain. We also review the use of risk and resiliency biomarkers and novel treatment targets based on neuroimaging findings to prevent disability, personalize treatment, and make interventions more targeted and effective. The potential of treatment research to contribute to neuroscience discoveries regarding brain change is considered from the experimental-medicine approach adopted by the National Institute of Mental Health. Finally, we provide resources and recommendations to facilitate the integration of cognitive neuroscience into mental health research in social work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Wojtalik
- Doctoral candidate at the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work
| | - Shaun M Eack
- Professor at the University of Pittsburgh School of Social Work and Department of Psychiatry
| | - Matthew J Smith
- Associate professor at the University of Michigan School of Social Work
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Dean DJ, Bryan AD, Newberry R, Gupta T, Carol E, Mittal VA. A Supervised Exercise Intervention for Youth at Risk for Psychosis: An Open-Label Pilot Study. J Clin Psychiatry 2017; 78:e1167-e1173. [PMID: 29178684 PMCID: PMC5995728 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.16m11365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A rapidly accumulating body of research suggests that exercise can improve symptoms and well-being in patients suffering from psychosis. Exercise may also promote neurogenesis in the hippocampus, a structure that plays an important role in the pathophysiology of psychosis. To date, there has not been an intervention focused on exercise prior to the onset of psychosis, a critical time for prevention of more serious illness. METHODS In this pilot study, 12 young adults at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis were enrolled in a 12-week open-label exercise intervention. Participants were randomly assigned to exercise 2 or 3 times each week and exercised between 65% and 85% of maximum oxygen capacity (Vo2max) for 30 minutes each session under the supervision of an exercise physiologist. Positive and negative symptoms, social and role functioning, performance on neurocognitive tests, cardiovascular fitness, and hippocampal structure and functional connectivity were evaluated before and after the trial. RESULTS A total of 9 participants completed the exercise intervention. Participants showed improved positive and negative symptoms and social and role functioning; improvement in multiple areas of cognition; and increased functional connectivity between the left hippocampus and occipital cortex after 12 weeks of exercise. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that exercise interventions are feasible in a UHR sample and may promote improvement in clinical, social, and cognitive domains as well as changes to brain function in regions impacted by the development of psychosis. These findings set the stage for an ongoing phase 2 randomized controlled trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02155699.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Dean
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0345.
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Angela D Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Raeana Newberry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Tina Gupta
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Emily Carol
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Vijay A Mittal
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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