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Kropf E, Markusic DM, Majowicz A, Mingozzi F, Kuranda K. Complement System Response to Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:425-438. [PMID: 38251650 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors represent a novel tool for the delivery of genetic therapeutics and enable the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Success of this new modality is challenged, however, by cases of immune-related toxicities that complicate the clinical management of patients and potentially limit the therapeutic efficacy of AAV gene therapy. While significant progress has been made to manage immune-related liver enzyme elevations following systemic AAV delivery in humans, recent clinical trials utilizing high vector doses have highlighted a new challenge to AAV gene transfer-activation of the complement system. While current in vitro models implicate AAV-specific antibodies in the initiation of the classical complement pathway, evidence from in vivo pre-clinical and clinical studies suggests that the alternative pathway also contributes to complement activation. A convergence of AAV-specific, environmental, and patient-specific factors shaping complement responses likely contributes to differential outcomes seen in clinical trials, from priming of the adaptive immune system to serious adverse events such as hepatotoxicity and thrombotic microangiopathy. Research focused on the interplay of patient-specific and AAV-related factors driving complement activation is needed to understand and identify critical components in the complement cascade to target and devise strategies to mitigate vector-related immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kropf
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David M Markusic
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Majowicz
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Federico Mingozzi
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Klaudia Kuranda
- Immunology Department, Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Jiang F, Lei C, Chen Y, Zhou N, Zhang M. The complement system and diabetic retinopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2024; 69:575-584. [PMID: 38401574 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus and is the main cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients. The pathogenesis of DR is still unclear. The complement system, as an important component of the innate immune system in addition to defending against the invasion of foreign microorganisms, is involved in the occurrence and development of DR through 3 widely recognized complement activation pathways, the complement regulatory system, and many other pathways. Molecules such as C3a, C5a, and membrane attacking complex, as important molecules of the complement system, are involved in the pathologenesus of DR, either through direct damaging effects or by activating cells (microglia, macroglia, etc.) in the retinal microenvironment to contribute to the pathological damage of DR indirectly. We review the integral association of the complement system and DR to further understand the pathogenesis of DR and possibly provide a new strategy for itstreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Macular Disease Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Chunyan Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Macular Disease Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Macular Disease Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Nenghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Macular Disease Research Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China.
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3
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Kang S, Koo Y, Yun T, Chae Y, Lee D, Kim H, Yang M, Kang B. Serum concentrations of complement C3 and C4 in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:1074-1082. [PMID: 38329151 PMCID: PMC10937509 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.17008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High concentrations of complement factors are presented in serum of animal epilepsy models and human patients with epilepsy. OBJECTIVES To determine whether complement dysregulation occurs in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE). ANIMALS The study included 49 dogs with IE subgrouped into treatment (n = 19), and nontreatment (n = 30), and 29 healthy dogs. METHODS In this case-control study, the serum concentrations of the third (C3) and fourth (C4) components of the complement system were measured using a canine-specific ELISA kit. RESULTS Serum C3 and C4 concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with IE (C3, median; 4.901 [IQR; 3.915-6.673] mg/mL, P < .001; C4, 0.327 [0.134-0.557] mg/mL, P = .03) than in healthy control dogs (C3, 3.550 [3.075-4.191] mg/mL; C4, 0.267 [0.131-0.427] mg/mL). No significant differences were observed in serum C3 and C4 concentrations between dogs in the treatment (C3, median; 4.894 [IQR; 4.192-5.715] mg/mL; C4, 0.427 [0.143-0.586] mg/mL) and nontreatment groups (C3, 5.051 [3.702-7.132] mg/mL; C4, 0.258 [0.130-0.489] mg/mL). Dogs with a seizure frequency >3 times/month had significantly higher serum C3 (6.461 [4.695-8.735] mg/mL; P < .01) and C4 (0.451 [0.163-0.675] mg/mL; P = .01) concentrations than those with a seizure frequency ≤3 times/month (C3, 3.859 [3.464-5.142] mg/mL; C4, 0.161 [0.100-0.325] mg/mL). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dysregulation of classical complement pathway was identified in IE dogs. Serum C3 and C4 concentrations could be diagnostic biomarkers for IE in dogs with higher seizure frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonggweon Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoonhoi Koo
- College of Veterinary MedicineKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Taesik Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeon Chae
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Dohee Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Mhan‐Pyo Yang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
| | - Byeong‐Teck Kang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuChungbukRepublic of Korea
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Shukla P, Russell MW, Muste JC, Shaia JK, Kumar M, Nowacki AS, Hajj-Ali RA, Singh RP, Talcott KE. Propensity-Matched Analysis of the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Systemic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease. Ophthalmol Retina 2024:S2468-6530(24)00058-7. [PMID: 38320691 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) involves aberrant complement activation and is a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Complement aberrations are also implicated in many systemic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), but the relationship between AMD and these conditions remains undescribed. The aim of this study is to first assess the association between AMD and IMIDs, and then assess the risk of AMD in patients with specific IMIDs associated with AMD. DESIGN Cross-sectional study and cohort study. SUBJECTS AND CONTROLS Patients with AMD were compared with control patients with cataracts and no AMD to ensure evaluation by an ophthalmologist. Patients with IMIDs were compared with patients without IMIDs but with cataracts. METHODS This study used deidentified data from a national database (2006-2023), using International Classification of Diseases 10 codes to select for IMIDs. Propensity score matching was based on patients on age, sex, race, ethnicity, and smoking. Odds ratios were generated for IMIDs and compared between AMD and control patients. For IMIDs associated with AMD, the risk of AMD in patients with the IMID versus patients without IMIDs was determined utilizing a cohort study design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Odds ratio of IMID, risk ratios (RRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of AMD diagnosis, given an IMID. RESULTS After propensity score matching, AMD and control cohorts (n = 217 197 each) had a mean ± standard deviation age of 74.7 ± 10.4 years, were 56% female, and 9% of patients smoked. Age-related macular degeneration showed associations with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, giant cell arteritis, and vasculitis. Cohorts for each positively associated IMID were created and matched to control cohorts with no IMID history. Patients with RA (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.30-1.49), SLE (RR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.37-2.18), Crohn's disease (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.20-1.71), ulcerative colitis (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.29-1.63), psoriasis (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.37-1.60), vasculitis (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.33-1.64), scleroderma (RR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.35-2.02), and sarcoidosis (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.24-1.62) showed a higher risk of developing AMD compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there is an increased risk of developing AMD in patients with RA, SLE, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, vasculitis, scleroderma, and sarcoidosis compared with patients with no IMIDs. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Shukla
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew W Russell
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Justin C Muste
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jacqueline K Shaia
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Madhukar Kumar
- Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Amy S Nowacki
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rula A Hajj-Ali
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Rheumatology and Immunologic Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rishi P Singh
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Martin Hospitals, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Stuart, Florida
| | - Katherine E Talcott
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Center for Ophthalmic Bioinformatics, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Noce D, Foco L, Orth-Höller D, König E, Barbieri G, Pietzner M, Ghasemi-Semeskandeh D, Coassin S, Fuchsberger C, Gögele M, Del Greco M F, De Grandi A, Summerer M, Wheeler E, Langenberg C, Lass-Flörl C, Pramstaller PP, Kronenberg F, Würzner R, Pattaro C. Genetic determinants of complement activation in the general population. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113611. [PMID: 38159276 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Complement is a fundamental innate immune response component. Its alterations are associated with severe systemic diseases. To illuminate the complement's genetic underpinnings, we conduct genome-wide association studies of the functional activity of the classical (CP), lectin (LP), and alternative (AP) complement pathways in the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol study (n = 4,990). We identify seven loci, encompassing 13 independent, pathway-specific variants located in or near complement genes (CFHR4, C7, C2, MBL2) and non-complement genes (PDE3A, TNXB, ABO), explaining up to 74% of complement pathways' genetic heritability and implicating long-range haplotypes associated with LP at MBL2. Two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses, supported by transcriptome- and proteome-wide colocalization, confirm known causal pathways, establish within-complement feedback loops, and implicate causality of ABO on LP and of CFHR2 and C7 on AP. LP causally influences collectin-11 and KAAG1 levels and the risk of mouth ulcers. These results build a comprehensive resource to investigate the role of complement in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damia Noce
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Luisa Foco
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Dorothea Orth-Höller
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; MB-LAB - Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Franz-Fischer-Str. 7b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva König
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giulia Barbieri
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maik Pietzner
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dariush Ghasemi-Semeskandeh
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Coassin
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Martin Gögele
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Fabiola Del Greco M
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Grandi
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Monika Summerer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eleanor Wheeler
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Paul Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Institute of Hygiene & Medical Microbiology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Public Health, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstr. 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Cristian Pattaro
- Institute for Biomedicine (affiliated to the University of Lübeck), Eurac Research, Via Volta 21, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
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Ng AN, Salter EW, Georgiou J, Bortolotto ZA, Collingridge GL. Amyloid-β 1-42 oligomers enhance mGlu 5R-dependent synaptic weakening via NMDAR activation and complement C5aR1 signaling. iScience 2023; 26:108412. [PMID: 38053635 PMCID: PMC10694656 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic weakening and loss are well-correlated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oligomeric amyloid beta (oAβ) is considered a major synaptotoxic trigger for AD. Recent studies have implicated hyperactivation of the complement cascade as the driving force for loss of synapses caused by oAβ. However, the initial synaptic cues that trigger pathological complement activity remain elusive. Here, we examined a form of synaptic long-term depression (LTD) mediated by metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) that is disrupted in rodent models of AD. Exogenous application of oAβ (1-42) to mouse hippocampal slices enhanced the magnitude of mGlu subtype 5 receptor (mGlu5R)-dependent LTD. We found that the enhanced synaptic weakening occurred via both N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and complement C5aR1 signaling. Our findings reveal a mechanistic interaction between mGlu5R, NMDARs, and the complement system in aberrant synaptic weakening induced by oAβ, which could represent an early trigger of synaptic loss and degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Na Ng
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Eric W. Salter
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - John Georgiou
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Zuner A. Bortolotto
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Graham L. Collingridge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
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Gaya A, Munir T, Urbano‐Ispizua A, Griffin M, Taubel J, Bush J, Bhan I, Borodovsky A, Wang Y, Badri P, Garg P. Results of a phase 1/2 study of cemdisiran in healthy subjects and patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. EJHAEM 2023; 4:612-624. [PMID: 37601837 PMCID: PMC10435727 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Complement dysregulation underpins the physiopathology of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). Cemdisiran, an RNA interference investigational treatment, silences complement component 5 (C5) expression in the liver. Previously reported results showed sustained reduction in C5 levels following cemdisiran monotherapy, with >90% reduction in patients with PNH. This phase 1/2 study evaluated single (Part A, n = 32; 50-900 mg) or multiple (Part B, n = 24; 100-600 mg) ascending doses of cemdisiran or placebo (double-blind, randomized 3:1) in healthy adults, or cemdisiran in patients with PNH who were naive to, or receiving, eculizumab (Part C, n = 6; 200 or 400 mg weekly; open-label). The primary objective was to assess the safety and tolerability of cemdisiran. Other assessments included change in complement activity, lactate dehydrogenase levels, and inhibition of hemolysis following cemdisiran treatment. Cemdisiran was generally well tolerated in this study. Overall, 75%, 89%, and 100% of subjects in Parts A, B, and C, respectively, experienced ≥1 non-serious adverse event (AE). Most events were Grade 1 or 2 in severity and the most common AEs included nasopharyngitis and headache. Cemdisiran elicited robust, sustained reductions in the complement activity in healthy adults and patients with PNH. In Part C, exploratory analyses showed that cemdisiran monotherapy was insufficient to prevent hemolysis in patients with PNH as measured by serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. Cemdisiran and eculizumab combination therapy reduced the dose of eculizumab required to provide adequate control of intravascular hemolysis. These results demonstrate a potential benefit of cemdisiran coadministration in patients who are inadequate responders to eculizumab alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gaya
- Hospital Clinic of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Talha Munir
- Leeds Teaching HospitalsSt. James’ University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Alvaro Urbano‐Ispizua
- Hospital Clinic of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Morag Griffin
- Leeds Teaching HospitalsSt. James’ University HospitalLeedsUK
| | - Jorg Taubel
- Richmond Pharmacology, LtdSt. George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Jim Bush
- Labcorp Clinical Research UnitSpringfield House, Hyde StLeedsUK
| | - Ishir Bhan
- Alnylam PharmaceuticalsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Yue Wang
- Alnylam PharmaceuticalsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Pushkal Garg
- Alnylam PharmaceuticalsCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Skjeflo EW, Evensen LH, Jensen SB, Latysheva N, Michelsen A, Ueland T, Brækkan SK, Hindberg K, Snir O, Mollnes TE, Hansen JB. Complement factors B, D, C3bBbP and risk of future venous thromboembolism. Clin Immunol 2023; 249:109278. [PMID: 36894046 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The complement system appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolism (VTE). We investigated the association of complement factors (CF) B, D, and the alternative pathway convertase, C3bBbP, measured at inclusion, with the risk of future VTE in a nested case-control study; 380 VTE patients and 804 age- and sex-matched controls derived from the Tromsø study. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for VTE across tertiles of CF concentrations were estimated using logistic regression. There was no association between CFB or CFD and risk of future VTE. Higher levels of C3bBbP gave an increased risk of provoked VTE; subjects in Q4 had a 1.68-fold higher OR compared with Q1 in the age-, sex- and BMI-adjusted model (OR 1.68; 95% CI 1.08-2.64). There was no increased risk of future VTE in individuals with higher levels of complement factors B or D of the alternative pathway. Increased levels of the alternative pathway activation product, C3bBbP, showed an association with future risk of provoked VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen W Skjeflo
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Line H Evensen
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Søren B Jensen
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nadezhda Latysheva
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Annika Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigrid K Brækkan
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristian Hindberg
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Omri Snir
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway; Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Norway; Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John-Bjarne Hansen
- K.G. Jebsen - Thrombosis Research and Expertise Center (TREC), Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Division of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Stennett A, Friston K, Harris CL, Wollman AJM, Bronowska AK, Madden KS. The case for complement component 5 as a target in neurodegenerative disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:97-109. [PMID: 36786123 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Complement-based drug discovery is undergoing a renaissance, empowered by new advances in structural biology, complement biology and drug development. Certain components of the complement pathway, particularly C1q and C3, have been extensively studied in the context of neurodegenerative disease, and established as key therapeutic targets. C5 also has huge therapeutic potential in this arena, with its druggability clearly demonstrated by the success of C5-inhibitor eculizumab. AREAS COVERED We will discuss the evidence supporting C5 as a target in neurodegenerative disease, along with the current progress in developing different classes of C5 inhibitors and the gaps in knowledge that will help progress in the field. EXPERT OPINION Validation of C5 as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disease would represent a major step forward for complement therapeutics research and has the potential to furnish disease-modifying drugs for millions of patients suffering worldwide. Key hurdles that need to be overcome for this to be achieved are understanding how C5a and C5b should be targeted to bring therapeutic benefit and demonstrating the ability to target C5 without creating vulnerability to infection in patients. This requires greater biological elucidation of its precise role in disease pathogenesis, supported by better chemical/biological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Stennett
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Kallie Friston
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Claire L Harris
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Adam J M Wollman
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Agnieszka K Bronowska
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Katrina S Madden
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
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10
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The Complement System, Aging, and Aging-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158689. [PMID: 35955822 PMCID: PMC9369321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a part of the immune system and consists of multiple complement components with biological functions such as defense against pathogens and immunomodulation. The complement system has three activation pathways: the classical pathway, the lectin pathway, and the alternative pathway. Increasing evidence indicates that the complement system plays a role in aging. Complement plays a role in inflammatory processes, metabolism, apoptosis, mitochondrial function, and Wnt signaling pathways. In addition, the complement system plays a significant role in aging-related diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, age-related macular degeneration, and osteoarthritis. However, the effect of complement on aging and aging-related diseases is still unclear. Thus, a better understanding of the potential relationship between complement, aging, and aging-related diseases will provide molecular targets for treating aging, while focusing on the balance of complement in during treatment. Inhibition of a single component does not result in a good outcome. In this review, we discussed the research progress and effects of complement in aging and aging-related diseases.
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11
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Mesenchymal stem cell therapy attenuates complement C3 deposition and improves the delicate equilibrium between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in abortion-prone mice. Mol Immunol 2021; 141:246-256. [PMID: 34875452 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunological disorders are one of the main causes of recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA). A rapidly expanding body of evidence indicates that excessive activation of the complement system is critically involved in the development of miscarriages. In the CBA/J × DBA/2 murine model of recurrent miscarriage, exaggerated and unrestrained complement activation is reported to be the underlying cause of angiogenic factor imbalance and persistent inflammation. We have previously shown that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy can significantly reduce the abortion rate in abortion-prone mice through regulating the feto-maternal immune response. In the present study, we hypothesized that MSCs might improve the balance of angiogenic factors at the feto-maternal unit of CBA/J × DBA/2 mice by restraining complement activation and deposition. To explore this hypothesis, autologous adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) were administered intra-peritoneally to abortion-prone mice on the 4.5th day of gestation. Control mice received PBS as vehicle. On day 13.5 of pregnancy, deposition of the complement component C3 and expression levels of Crry, CFD (adipsin), VEGF, PlGF and FLT-1 were measured at the feto-maternal interface by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR, respectively. Decidual cells were also cultured in RPMI 1640 medium for 48 h and VEGF and sFLT-1 protein levels were quantified in supernatants using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results indicated that MSC therapy significantly reduced C3 deposition and adipsin transcription in the fetal-maternal interface of abortion-prone mice. Furthermore, administration of MSCs robustly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of Crry, VEGF, PlGF and FLT-1 in the placenta and decidua of CBA/J × DBA/2 mice. Consistently, the in vitro results demonstrated that decidual cells obtained from MSC-treated dams produced increased concentrations of VEGF in culture supernatants, with concomitant decreased levels of sFLT-1 protein. Here, we show for the first time that adoptive transfer of MSCs rectifies the disturbed balance of angiogenic factors observed at the feto-maternal unit of CBA/J × DBA/2 mice, in part at least, through inhibiting excessive complement activation and promoting the production of angiogenic factors. Collectively, these alterations seem to play a pivotal role in reducing the abortion rate and improving the intrauterine condition for the benefit of the fetus.
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12
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Demirs JT, Yang J, Crowley MA, Twarog M, Delgado O, Qiu Y, Poor S, Rice DS, Dryja TP, Anderson K, Liao SM. Differential and Altered Spatial Distribution of Complement Expression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:26. [PMID: 34160562 PMCID: PMC8237111 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.7.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway is a major pathogenic mechanism in age-related macular degeneration. We investigated whether locally synthesized complement components contribute to AMD by profiling complement expression in postmortem eyes with and without AMD. Methods AMD severity grade 1 to 4 was determined by analysis of postmortem acquired fundus images and hematoxylin and eosin stained histological sections. TaqMan (donor eyes n = 39) and RNAscope/in situ hybridization (n = 10) were performed to detect complement mRNA. Meso scale discovery assay and Western blot (n = 31) were used to measure complement protein levels. Results The levels of complement mRNA and protein expression were approximately 15- to 100-fold (P < 0.0001–0.001) higher in macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)/choroid tissue than in neural retina, regardless of AMD grade status. Complement mRNA and protein levels were modestly elevated in vitreous and the macular neural retina in eyes with geographic atrophy (GA), but not in eyes with early or intermediate AMD, compared to normal eyes. Alternative and classical pathway complement mRNAs (C3, CFB, CFH, CFI, C1QA) identified by RNAscope were conspicuous in areas of atrophy; in those areas C3 mRNA was observed in a subset of IBA1+ microglia or macrophages. Conclusions We verified that RPE/choroid contains most ocular complement; thus RPE/choroid rather than the neural retina or vitreous is likely to be the key site for complement inhibition to treat GA or earlier stage of the disease. Outer retinal local production of complement mRNAs along with evidence of increased complement activation is a feature of GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Demirs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Junzheng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Maura A Crowley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael Twarog
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Omar Delgado
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yubin Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Stephen Poor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dennis S Rice
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Thaddeus P Dryja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Karen Anderson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sha-Mei Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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13
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Ziabska K, Ziemka-Nalecz M, Pawelec P, Sypecka J, Zalewska T. Aberrant Complement System Activation in Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4675. [PMID: 33925147 PMCID: PMC8125564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an assembly of proteins that collectively participate in the functions of the healthy and diseased brain. The complement system plays an important role in the maintenance of uninjured (healthy) brain homeostasis, contributing to the clearance of invading pathogens and apoptotic cells, and limiting the inflammatory immune response. However, overactivation or underregulation of the entire complement cascade within the brain may lead to neuronal damage and disturbances in brain function. During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the role that this cascading pathway plays in the neuropathology of a diverse array of brain disorders (e.g., acute neurotraumatic insult, chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disturbances) in which interruption of neuronal homeostasis triggers complement activation. Dysfunction of the complement promotes a disease-specific response that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. Despite recent advances, the explicit link between complement component regulation and brain disorders remains unclear. Therefore, a comprehensible understanding of such relationships at different stages of diseases could provide new insight into potential therapeutic targets to ameliorate or slow progression of currently intractable disorders in the nervous system. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a summary of the literature on the emerging role of the complement system in certain brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Teresa Zalewska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, NeuroRepair Department, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.Z.); (M.Z.-N.); (P.P.); (J.S.)
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14
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Antunes Andrade F, Goeldner Eibofner I, Pieczarka C, van Tong H, Sena L, Skare T, Ramos da Rosa Utiyama S, Jose de Messias-Reason I, P Velavan T. Impact of VSIG4 gene polymorphisms on susceptibility and functional status of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Immunogenet 2021; 48:260-265. [PMID: 33645007 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg, encoded by the VSIG4 gene) is a macrophage receptor involved in the clearance of immune complexes and autologous cells. Our results suggest that the VSIG4 rs1044165T allele is a risk factor for severe functional status of rheumatoid arthritis in women, possibly by affecting VSIG4 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Antunes Andrade
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinic Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Positive University, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Isabela Goeldner Eibofner
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinic Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristhine Pieczarka
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinic Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Hoang van Tong
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Leia Sena
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Clinic Hospital, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Thelma Skare
- Rheumatology Unit, Evangelical Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Fondation Congolaise pour la Recherche Médicale, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo.,Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
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15
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Granata F, Duca L, Brancaleoni V, Fustinoni S, De Luca G, Motta I, Graziadei G, Di Pierro E. Alternative Pathway Involvement in Protoporphyria Patients Related to Sun Exposure. Front Immunol 2021; 12:615620. [PMID: 33664746 PMCID: PMC7921788 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.615620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The homeostasis of tissues in a chronic disease is an essential function of the alternative pathway (AP) of the complement system (CS). However, if not controlled, it may also be detrimental to healthy cells with a consequent aggravation of symptoms. The protoporphyria (PP) is a rare chronic disease that causes phototoxicity in visible light with local skin pain and general malaise. In order to establish if there is a systemic involvement of the CS during sun exposure, we designed a non-invasive method with a serum collection in winter and summer from 19 PP and 13 controls to detect the levels of CS protein: Properdin, Factor H (FH), and C5. Moreover, the global radiation data were collected from the regional agency of environmental protection (ARPA). The results show growing values for every protein in patients with PP, compared to control, in both seasons, in particular in summer compared to winter. To reinforce the evidence, we have estimated the personal exposure of patients based on the global radiation data. The main factors of the AP increased over the season, confirming the involvement of the AP in relation to light exposure. The systemic response could justify the general malaise of patients after long light exposure and can be exploited to elucidate new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Granata
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, U.O.C. Medicina Generale, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Duca
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, U.O.C. Medicina Generale, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Brancaleoni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, U.O.C. Medicina Generale, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- EPIGET - Epidemiology, Epigenetics, and Toxicology Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Environmental and Industrial Toxicology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Luca
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, U.O.C. Medicina Generale, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Motta
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, U.O.C. Medicina Generale, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Graziadei
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, U.O.C. Medicina Generale, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Di Pierro
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, U.O.C. Medicina Generale, Milan, Italy
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16
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Wymann S, Dai Y, Nair AG, Cao H, Powers GA, Schnell A, Martin-Roussety G, Leong D, Simmonds J, Lieu KG, de Souza MJ, Mischnik M, Taylor S, Ow SY, Spycher M, Butcher RE, Pearse M, Zuercher AW, Baz Morelli A, Panousis C, Wilson MJ, Rowe T, Hardy MP. A novel soluble complement receptor 1 fragment with enhanced therapeutic potential. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100200. [PMID: 33334893 PMCID: PMC7948397 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human complement receptor 1 (HuCR1) is a pivotal regulator of complement activity, acting on all three complement pathways as a membrane-bound receptor of C3b/C4b, C3/C5 convertase decay accelerator, and cofactor for factor I-mediated cleavage of C3b and C4b. In this study, we sought to identify a minimal soluble fragment of HuCR1, which retains the complement regulatory activity of the wildtype protein. To this end, we generated recombinant, soluble, and truncated versions of HuCR1 and compared their ability to inhibit complement activation in vitro using multiple assays. A soluble form of HuCR1, truncated at amino acid 1392 and designated CSL040, was found to be a more potent inhibitor than all other truncation variants tested. CSL040 retained its affinity to both C3b and C4b as well as its cleavage and decay acceleration activity and was found to be stable under a range of buffer conditions. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice demonstrated that the level of sialylation is a major determinant of CSL040 clearance in vivo. CSL040 also showed an improved pharmacokinetic profile compared with the full extracellular domain of HuCR1. The in vivo effects of CSL040 on acute complement-mediated kidney damage were tested in an attenuated passive antiglomerular basement membrane antibody-induced glomerulonephritis model. In this model, CSL040 at 20 and 60 mg/kg significantly attenuated kidney damage at 24 h, with significant reductions in cellular infiltrates and urine albumin, consistent with protection from kidney damage. CSL040 thus represents a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of complement-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wymann
- Research and Development, CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yun Dai
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anup G Nair
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Cao
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Anna Schnell
- Research and Development, CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - David Leong
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Kim G Lieu
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Marcel Mischnik
- Research and Development, CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Saw Yen Ow
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Spycher
- Research and Development, CSL Behring AG, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tony Rowe
- CSL Ltd, Bio21 Institute, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Hetland G, Johnson E, Bernardshaw SV, Grinde B. Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID-19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation? Scand J Immunol 2020; 93:e12937. [PMID: 32657436 PMCID: PMC7404338 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms have documented effects against different diseases, including infections and inflammatory disorders. The related Basidiomycota Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE), and Grifola frondosa (GF) have been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against viral agents, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Since the mechanism is immunomodulatory and not antibiotical, the mushrooms should be active against multi‐drug resistant microbes as well. Moreover, since these Basidiomycota also have anti‐inflammatory properties, they may be suited for treatment of the severe lung inflammation that often follows COVID‐19 infection. An AbM‐based mushroom extract (Andosan™), also containing HE and GF, has been shown to significantly reduce bacteraemia and increase survival in mice with pneumococcal sepsis, and to improve symptoms and quality of life in IBD patients via an anti‐inflammatory effect. Hence, such mushroom extracts could have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against the pneumonic superinfection and severe lung inflammation that often complicates COVID‐19 infection. Here, we review antimicrobial and anti‐inflammatory properties of AbM, HE and GF mushrooms, which could be used for the battle against COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Hetland
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital (OUH), Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Egil Johnson
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørn Grinde
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Paré F, Tardif G, Fahmi H, Ouhaddi Y, Pelletier JP, Martel-Pelletier J. In vivo protective effect of adipsin-deficiency on spontaneous knee osteoarthritis in aging mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:2880-2896. [PMID: 32012117 PMCID: PMC7041762 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The adipokine adipsin is an emerging mediator of human osteoarthritis (OA) progression. Here, we investigated its in vivo role in the development of spontaneous OA in aging mice. We compared articular knee joint morphology, histology in knee cartilage, synovial membrane, subchondral bone, meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL); and chondrogenesis in the ACL from adipsin-deficient (Df-/-) and wild-type (Df+/+) 20-week- and 20-month-old mice. Serum levels of a panel of adipokines, inflammatory factors, and metalloproteases known to be implicated in OA were investigated. Data first revealed that the early manifestation of OA appeared in the ACL of 20-week-old mice, progressing to severe alterations in the 20 month-old wild-type mice. Further results demonstrated that adipsin-deficiency protected the articular tissues from spontaneous OA progression and triggered significantly higher serum levels of the adipokines adiponectin and FGF-21 while lowering levels of the inflammatory factor interleukin 6 (IL-6) in both young and old mice. This work further underlines the clinical relevance of adipsin as a novel therapeutic approach of human OA. Moreover, this study shows the potential beneficial effect of the adipokine FGF-21 against OA, and provides support for this factor to be a new biomarker and/or target of primary OA therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Paré
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ginette Tardif
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hassan Fahmi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yassine Ouhaddi
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
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19
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Ubaida-Mohien C, Lyashkov A, Gonzalez-Freire M, Tharakan R, Shardell M, Moaddel R, Semba RD, Chia CW, Gorospe M, Sen R, Ferrucci L. Discovery proteomics in aging human skeletal muscle finds change in spliceosome, immunity, proteostasis and mitochondria. eLife 2019; 8:49874. [PMID: 31642809 PMCID: PMC6810669 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline of skeletal muscle strength with aging is a primary cause of mobility loss and frailty in older persons, but the molecular mechanisms of such decline are not understood. Here, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis from skeletal muscle collected from 58 healthy persons aged 20 to 87 years. In muscle from older persons, ribosomal proteins and proteins related to energetic metabolism, including those related to the TCA cycle, mitochondria respiration, and glycolysis, were underrepresented, while proteins implicated in innate and adaptive immunity, proteostasis, and alternative splicing were overrepresented. Consistent with reports in animal models, older human muscle was characterized by deranged energetic metabolism, a pro-inflammatory environment and increased proteolysis. Changes in alternative splicing with aging were confirmed by RNA-seq analysis. We propose that changes in the splicing machinery enables muscle cells to respond to a rise in damage with aging. As humans age, their muscles become weaker, making it increasingly harder for them to move, a condition known as sarcopenia. Analyzing old muscles in other animals revealed that they produce energy inefficiently, they destroy more proteins than younger muscles, and they have high levels of molecules that cause inflammation. These characteristics may be involved in causing muscle weakness. Proteomics is the study of proteins, the molecules that play many roles in keeping the body working: for example, they accelerate chemical reactions, participate in copying DNA and help cells respond to stimuli. Using proteomics, it is possible to examine a large number of the different proteins in a tissue, which can provide information about the state of that tissue. Ubaida-Mohien et al. used this approach to answer the question of why muscles become weaker with age. First, they analyzed the levels of all the proteins found in skeletal muscle collected from 58 healthy volunteers between 20 and 87 years of age. This revealed that the muscles of older people have fewer copies of the proteins that make up ribosomes – the cellular machines that produce new proteins – and fewer proteins involved in providing the cell with chemical energy. In contrast, proteins implicated in the immune system, in the maintenance of existing proteins, and in processing other molecules called RNAs were more abundant in older muscles. Ubaida-Mohien et al. then looked more closely at changes involving RNA processing. Cells make proteins by copying DNA sequences into an RNA template and using this template to instruct the ribosomes on how to make the specific protein. Before the RNA can be ‘read’ by a ribosome, however, some parts must be cut out and others added, which can lead to different versions of the final RNA, also known as alternative transcripts. In order to check whether the difference in the levels of proteins that process RNAs was affecting the RNAs being produced, Ubaida-Mohien et al. extracted the RNAs from older and younger muscles and compared them. This showed that the RNA in older people had more alternative transcripts, confirming that the change in protein levels was having downstream effects. Currently, it is not possible to prevent or delay the loss of muscle strength associated with aging. Understanding how the protein make-up of muscles changes as humans grow older may help find new ways to prevent and perhaps even reverse this decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alexey Lyashkov
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ravi Tharakan
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Michelle Shardell
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | | | - Chee W Chia
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
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20
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Sun C, Yu W, Zhao Z, Song C, Liu Y, Jia G, Wang X, Liu Y. Peripheral Humoral Immune Response Is Associated With the Non-motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1057. [PMID: 31649497 PMCID: PMC6795918 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-motor symptoms are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can even be used as part of the supportive criteria for diagnosis. Chronic inflammation is involved in every stage of PD. Disorders of the immune system affect the peripheral blood. Whether the humoral immune response is associated with the non-motor symptoms of PD remains unknown. Methods Mann–Whitney tests and Bonferroni correction were used to compare the serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C4 between 180 sporadic PD patients and 187 healthy controls. Multiple regression models were conducted to assess the associations among these indicators of humoral immunity and the clinical features of PD patients. Results Male PD patients had lower levels of C3 and C4 than healthy controls [0.87 (0.22) vs. 0.96 (0.19); 0.19 (0.06) vs. 0.22 (0.07), respectively, Pc < 0.01] and lower levels of C3 than female PD patients [0.87 (0.22) vs. 1.02 (0.23), Pc < 0.01]. Patients suffering from attention/memory problems had significantly lower levels of IgA and C3 than those without these problems [1.92 (1.21) vs. 2.57 (0.76); 0.89 (0.24) vs. 0.97 (0.24), respectively, Pc < 0.04]. In addition, serum IgG levels were negatively associated with mood/cognition problem scores and were positively associated with gastrointestinal tract problem scores (adjusted R2 = 0.063, F = 1.805, p = 0.038). Serum C3 levels were negatively associated with being male, age, and sleep/fatigue problem scores (adjusted R2 = 0.123, F = 2.678, p = 0.001). Conclusion The peripheral humoral immune response might be correlated with the non-motor symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengyuan Song
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guoyong Jia
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingbang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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21
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Gromark C, Harris RA, Wickström R, Horne A, Silverberg-Mörse M, Serlachius E, Mataix-Cols D. Establishing a Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Clinic: Baseline Clinical Features of the Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome Cohort at Karolinska Institutet. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:625-633. [PMID: 31170007 PMCID: PMC6786340 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2018.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is a descriptive clinical entity defined by the abrupt onset of psychiatric and somatic symptoms leading to significant loss of function. Data on well-characterized PANS patients are limited, biomarkers have yet to be identified, and a solid evidence base to guide treatment is lacking. In this study, we present our experience of a systematic evaluation of the first 45 patients included in a Swedish cohort. Methods: During the period 2014-2018, our clinic received 100 referrals regarding suspected PANS. All patients underwent a standardized psychiatric/medical evaluation by a child/adolescent psychiatrist and a clinical psychologist or a nurse. Those with severe symptoms were also assessed by a pediatric neurologist and a pediatric rheumatologist. Laboratory tests were obtained at different time points in an attempt to capture an active disease state. Results: Of the 100 referrals, 45 met strict PANS criteria and consented to participate in a long-term follow-up study. The median age at intake was 7.2 years (range 3.0-13.1) and 56% were male. Ninety-three percent fulfilled both criteria for acute/atypical onset of PANS symptoms and having had an infection in relation to onset. Sixteen percent had an onset of an autoimmune or inflammatory disorder in temporal relation to the onset of PANS-related symptoms. The most common onset symptoms were obsessive-compulsive disorder (89%), anxiety (78%), and emotional lability (71%). Twenty-four percent had a preexisting autoimmune disease (AD) and 18% a preexisting psychiatric/neuropsychiatric diagnosis. Sixty-four percent of biological relatives had at least one psychiatric disorder and 76% at least one AD or inflammatory disorder. Complement activation (37%), leukopenia (20%), positive antinuclear antibodies (17%), and elevated thyroid antibodies (11%) were the most common laboratory findings. Conclusions: In our PANS cohort, there was a strong indication of an association with AD. Further work is needed to establish whether any of the potential biomarkers identified will be clinically useful. Long-term follow-up of these patients using the Swedish national registers will enable a deeper understanding of the course of this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gromark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- BUP OCD and Related Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A. Harris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronny Wickström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - AnnaCarin Horne
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maria Silverberg-Mörse
- BUP OCD and Related Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Serlachius
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- BUP OCD and Related Disorders, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Royer DJ, Echegaray-Mendez J, Lin L, Gmyrek GB, Mathew R, Saban DR, Perez VL, Carr DJ. Complement and CD4 + T cells drive context-specific corneal sensory neuropathy. eLife 2019; 8:48378. [PMID: 31414985 PMCID: PMC6783265 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether complement dysregulation directly contributes to the pathogenesis of peripheral nervous system diseases, including sensory neuropathies, is unclear. We addressed this important question in a mouse model of ocular HSV-1 infection, where sensory nerve damage is a common clinical problem. Through genetic and pharmacologic targeting, we uncovered a central role for C3 in sensory nerve damage at the morphological and functional levels. Interestingly, CD4 T cells were central in facilitating this complement-mediated damage. This same C3/CD4 T cell axis triggered corneal sensory nerve damage in a mouse model of ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, this was not the case in a T-dependent allergic eye disease (AED) model, suggesting that this inflammatory neuroimmune pathology is specific to certain disease etiologies. Collectively, these findings uncover a central role for complement in CD4 T cell-dependent corneal nerve damage in multiple disease settings and indicate the possibility for complement-targeted therapeutics to mitigate sensory neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Royer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | | | - Liwen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Grzegorz B Gmyrek
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
| | - Rose Mathew
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Daniel R Saban
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Victor L Perez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Daniel Jj Carr
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States
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23
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Liao Z, Wan Q, Yuan G, Su J. The systematic identification and mRNA expression profiles post viral or bacterial challenge of complement system in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:107-115. [PMID: 30447430 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Complement system is an immemorial and pivotal element in innate immunity, protecting individuals from invading pathogens. Due to the emergence of whole genomes and functional researches, systematic identifications of complement system are feasible in many non-model species. In the present study, BLAST analysis was employed to systematically identify and characterize complement system in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The results showed that C. idella complement system consists of 64 members, including the complement system pattern recognition, proteases, complement components, receptors and regulators. In which, most genes were well conserved with those in higher vertebrates over the course of evolution. Phylogenetic and syntenic analyses revealed their homologous relationships with other species. mRNA expression analyses of complement system related genes indicated that many members are sustainably expressed in multiple tissues before and after grass carp reovirus (GCRV) or Aeromonas hydrophila infection, which provide in vivo evidence for the response patterns of complement system after viral or bacterial infection. Meanwhile, this study also explored the evolution of complement system from ancestral protists to mammals and then investigated the changes in gene diversification during the evolution. These results will serve the comparative studies on the complement system in evolution and further functional investigations in C. idella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Quanyuan Wan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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24
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Bao X, Borné Y, Muhammad IF, Schulz CA, Persson M, Orho-Melander M, Niu K, Christensson A, Engström G. Complement C3 and incident hospitalization due to chronic kidney disease: a population-based cohort study. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:61. [PMID: 30791918 PMCID: PMC6383246 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating C3 has been associated with diabetes and hypertension, which are the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). C3 activation is considered to contribute to several renal diseases. Here we examined whether elevated C3 concentration is associated with hospitalization due to CKD in the general population, and whether this relationship is mediated by factors such as diabetes and hypertension. METHODS Baseline plasma C3 was quantified in 4552 participants, without previous hospital admission due to CKD, from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort study. Incidence of first hospitalization due to CKD (main diagnosis) was investigated in relation to C3 levels using Cox proportional hazards regression models after a mean follow-up of 19.2 ± 4.16 years. Traditional risk factors of CKD including diabetes, blood pressure, C-reactive protein and baseline renal function were considered in adjustments and sensitivity analyses. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 94 subjects were admitted to hospital due to CKD. After multivariate adjustment, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for hospitalization from CKD across quartiles of C3 were 1.00 (reference), 1.68 (0.69, 4.13), 2.71 (1.15, 6.39), and 3.16 (1.36, 7.34) (p for trend = 0.003). Results were generally consistent across different sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that C3 is associated with incidence of first hospitalization due to CKD in the general population. The observed relationship cannot be entirely attributed to hyperglycemia and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Yan Borné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Iram Faqir Muhammad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Christina-Alexandra Schulz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Anders Christensson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, S-20502 Malmö, Sweden
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25
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Anderson SR, Vetter ML. Developmental roles of microglia: A window into mechanisms of disease. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:98-117. [PMID: 30444278 PMCID: PMC6328295 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are engineers of the central nervous system (CNS) both in health and disease. In addition to the canonical immunological roles of clearing damaging entities and limiting the spread of toxicity and death, microglia remodel the CNS throughout life. While they have been extensively studied in disease and injury, due to their highly variable functions, their precise role in these contexts still remains uncertain. Over the past decade, we have greatly expanded our understanding of microglial function, including their essential homeostatic roles during development. Here, we review these developmental roles, identify parallels in disease, and speculate whether developmental mechanisms re-emerge in disease and injury. Developmental Dynamics 248:98-117, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Anderson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Monica L Vetter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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26
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An XQ, Xi W, Gu CY, Huang X. Complement protein C5a enhances the β-amyloid-induced neuro-inflammatory response in microglia in Alzheimer’s disease. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34 Focus issue F1:116-120. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/201834f120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The dysregulation of neuro-inflammation is one of the attributes of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Over-expression of complement proteins co-localizes with neurofibrillary tangles, thereby indicating that a complement system may be involved in neuro-inflammation. Here, we report the influence of complement activation on the neuro-inflammation using a microglial cell line.
Methods: first, we performed a cytotoxic assay using the microglial cells BV-2. Second, after treatment of BV-2 cells with Aβ42 and/ or C5a, the anaphylatoxin derived from C5, we determined the expression levels of the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Finally, we explored whether this neuroinflammatory response was mediated by JAK/ STAT3 signaling.
Results: C5a had an enhanced effect on the neural cell viability of BV-2 cells treated with Aβ42. In addition, C5a also increased the Aβ-induced neuro-inflammatory response, and these effects were blocked by the C5aR antagonist, PMX205. Finally, we demonstrated that the neuro-inflammatory responses induced by Aβ and C5a were mediated through JAK/STAT3 signaling. By blocking this pathway with an antagonist, AG490, the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 was alleviated.
Conclusion: The complement protein C5a could exaggerate the Aβ-induced neuroinflammatory response in microglia, and C5aR may be a potential therapeutic tool for AD treatment.
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27
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Dysinger M, Ma M. A Gyrolab Assay for the Quantitation of Free Complement Protein C5a in Human Plasma. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:106. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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28
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Bouwens van der Vlis TAM, Kros JM, Mustafa DAM, van Wijck RTA, Ackermans L, van Hagen PM, van der Spek PJ. The complement system in glioblastoma multiforme. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2018; 6:91. [PMID: 30208949 PMCID: PMC6134703 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-018-0591-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human complement system is represents the main effector arm of innate immunity and its ambivalent function in cancer has been subject of ongoing dispute. Glioma stem-like cells (GSC) residing in specific niches within glioblastomas (GBM) are capable of self-renewal and tumor proliferation. Recent data are indicative of the influence of the complement system on the maintenance of these cells. It appears that the role of the complement system in glial tumorigenesis, particularly its influence on GSC niches and GSC maintenance, is significant and warrants further exploration for therapeutic interventions.
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29
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Dobó J, Kocsis A, Gál P. Be on Target: Strategies of Targeting Alternative and Lectin Pathway Components in Complement-Mediated Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1851. [PMID: 30135690 PMCID: PMC6092519 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system has moved into the focus of drug development efforts in the last decade, since its inappropriate or uncontrolled activation has been recognized in many diseases. Some of them are primarily complement-mediated rare diseases, such as paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, C3 glomerulonephritis, and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Complement also plays a role in various multifactorial diseases that affect millions of people worldwide, such as ischemia reperfusion injury (myocardial infarction, stroke), age-related macular degeneration, and several neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we summarize the potential advantages of targeting various complement proteins with special emphasis on the components of the lectin (LP) and the alternative pathways (AP). The serine proteases (MASP-1/2/3, factor D, factor B), which are responsible for the activation of the cascade, are straightforward targets of inhibition, but the pattern recognition molecules (mannose-binding lectin, other collectins, and ficolins), the regulatory components (factor H, factor I, properdin), and C3 are also subjects of drug development. Recent discoveries about cross-talks between the LP and AP offer new approaches for clinical intervention. Mannan-binding lectin-associated serine proteases (MASPs) are not just responsible for LP activation, but they are also indispensable for efficient AP activation. Activated MASP-3 has recently been shown to be the enzyme that continuously supplies factor D (FD) for the AP by cleaving pro-factor D (pro-FD). In this aspect, MASP-3 emerges as a novel feasible target for the regulation of AP activity. MASP-1 was shown to be required for AP activity on various surfaces, first of all on LPS of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Dobó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kocsis
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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30
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Stephenson J, Nutma E, van der Valk P, Amor S. Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases. Immunology 2018; 154:204-219. [PMID: 29513402 PMCID: PMC5980185 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 572] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, the leading cause of morbidity and disability, are gaining increased attention as they impose a considerable socioeconomic impact, due in part to the ageing community. Neuronal damage is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia and multiple sclerosis, although such damage is also observed following neurotropic viral infections, stroke, genetic white matter diseases and paraneoplastic disorders. Despite the different aetiologies, for example, infections, genetic mutations, trauma and protein aggregations, neuronal damage is frequently associated with chronic activation of an innate immune response in the CNS. The growing awareness that the immune system is inextricably involved in shaping the brain during development as well as mediating damage, but also regeneration and repair, has stimulated therapeutic approaches to modulate the immune system in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the current understanding of how astrocytes and microglia, as well as neurons and oligodendrocytes, shape the neuroimmune response during development, and how aberrant responses that arise due to genetic or environmental triggers may predispose the CNS to neurodegenerative diseases. We discuss the known interactions between the peripheral immune system and the brain, and review the current concepts on how immune cells enter and leave the CNS. A better understanding of neuroimmune interactions during development and disease will be key to further manipulating these responses and the development of effective therapies to improve quality of life, and reduce the impact of neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Stephenson
- Centre for Neuroscience and TraumaBarts and the Blizard Institute, LondonSchool of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Erik Nutma
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Paul van der Valk
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Sandra Amor
- Centre for Neuroscience and TraumaBarts and the Blizard Institute, LondonSchool of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical CentreAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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31
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Roman J. Complementing Lung Cancer: How Tumor Cells Co-opt the Host Complement System to Reach Bone. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:1101-1103. [PMID: 29365275 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201801-0032ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Roman
- 1 Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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32
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Stødle GS, Silva GB, Tangerås LH, Gierman LM, Nervik I, Dahlberg UE, Sun C, Aune MH, Thomsen LCV, Bjørge L, Iversen AC. Placental inflammation in pre-eclampsia by Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP)3 inflammasome activation in trophoblasts. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:84-94. [PMID: 29683202 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is associated with increased levels of cholesterol and uric acid and an inflamed placenta expressing danger-sensing pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Crystalline cholesterol and uric acid activate the PRR Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP)3 inflammasome to release interleukin (IL)-1β and result in vigorous inflammation. We aimed to characterize crystal-induced NLRP3 activation in placental inflammation and examine its role in pre-eclampsia. We confirmed that serum total cholesterol and uric acid were elevated in pre-eclamptic compared to healthy pregnancies and correlated positively to high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and the pre-eclampsia marker soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1). The NLRP3 inflammasome pathway components (NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β) and priming factors [complement component 5a (C5a) and terminal complement complex (TCC)] were co-expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast layer which covers the placental surface and interacts with maternal blood. The expression of IL-1β and TCC was increased significantly and C5a-positive regions in the syncytiotrophoblast layer appeared more frequent in pre-eclamptic compared to normal pregnancies. In-vitro activation of placental explants and trophoblasts confirmed NLRP3 inflammasome pathway functionality by complement-primed crystal-induced release of IL-1β. This study confirms crystal-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation located at the syncytiotrophoblast layer as a mechanism of placental inflammation and suggests contribution of enhanced NLRP3 activation to the harmful placental inflammation in pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Stødle
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - G B Silva
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L H Tangerås
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - L M Gierman
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - I Nervik
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - U E Dahlberg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, St Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - C Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M H Aune
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - L C V Thomsen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - L Bjørge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A-C Iversen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research (CEMIR), Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract
From its discovery in the late nineteenth century, as a 'complement' to the cellular immune response, the complement system has been widely affirmed as a powerful controller of innate and adaptive immune responses. In recent decades however, new roles for complement have been discovered, with multiple complement proteins now known to function in a broad array of non-immune systems. This includes during development, where complement exerts control over stem cell populations from fertilization and implantation throughout embryogenesis and beyond post-natal development. It is involved in processes as diverse as cell localisation, tissue morphogenesis, and the growth and refinement of the brain. Such physiological actions of complement have also been described in adult stem cell populations, with roles in proliferation, differentiation, survival, and regeneration. With such a broad range of complement functions now described, it is likely that current research only describes a fraction of the full reach of complement proteins. Here, we review how complement control of physiological cell processes has been harnessed in stem cell populations throughout both development and in adult physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen A Hawksworth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Liam G Coulthard
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susanna Mantovani
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Wesley Medical Research, Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Wesley Medical Research, Auchenflower, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Mohlin C, Sandholm K, Kvanta A, Ekdahl KN, Johansson K. A model to study complement involvement in experimental retinal degeneration. Ups J Med Sci 2018; 123:28-42. [PMID: 29436895 PMCID: PMC5901466 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2018.1431744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system (CS) plays a role in the pathogenesis of a number of ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, uveitis, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Given that many of the complex eye-related degenerative diseases have limited treatment opportunities, we aimed to mimic the in vivo retinal degenerative process by developing a relevant co-culture system. METHOD AND MATERIALS The adult porcine retina was co-cultured with the spontaneously arising human retinal pigment epithelial cells-19 (ARPE-19). RESULTS Inflammatory activity was found after culture and included migrating microglial cells, gliosis, cell death, and CS activation (demonstrated by a minor increase in the secreted anaphylotoxin C3a in co-culture). CS components, including C1q, C3, C4, soluble C5b-9, and the C5a receptor, were expressed in the retina and/or ARPE cells after culture. C1q, C3, and CS regulators such as C4 binding protein (C4BP), factor H (CFH), and factor I (CFI) were secreted after culture. DISCUSSION Thus, our research indicates that this co-culturing system may be useful for investigations of the CS and its involvement in experimental neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Mohlin
- Linnaeus University Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- CONTACT Camilla Mohlin Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Sandholm
- Linnaeus University Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvanta
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Ophthalmology and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristina N. Ekdahl
- Linnaeus University Faculty of Health and Life Science, Linnaeus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjell Johansson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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35
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Mukai R, Okunuki Y, Husain D, Kim CB, Lambris JD, Connor KM. The Complement System Is Critical in Maintaining Retinal Integrity during Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:15. [PMID: 29497373 PMCID: PMC5818470 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a key component of innate immunity comprised of soluble components that form a proteolytic cascade leading to the generation of effector molecules involved in cellular clearance. This system is highly activated not only under general inflammatory conditions such as infections, collagen diseases, nephritis, and liver diseases, but also in focal ocular diseases. However, little is known about the role of the complement system in retinal homeostasis during aging. Using young (6-week-old) and adult (6-month-old) mice in wild type (C57BL/6) and complement knockout strains (C1q−/−, Mbl a/c−/−, Fb−/−, C3−/−, and C5−/−), we compared amplitudes of electroretinograms (ERG) and thicknesses of retinal layers in spectral domain optical coherence tomography between young and adult mice. The ERG amplitudes in adult mice were significantly decreased (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001) compared to that of young mice in all complement knockout strains, and there were significant decreases in the inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness in adult mice compared to young mice in all complement knockout strains (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in ERG amplitude or thickness of the INL between young and adult control mice. These data suggest that the complement system plays an important role in maintaining normal retinal integrity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Mukai
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoko Okunuki
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Deeba Husain
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Clifford B Kim
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kip M Connor
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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36
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Lorés-Motta L, Paun CC, Corominas J, Pauper M, Geerlings MJ, Altay L, Schick T, Daha MR, Fauser S, Hoyng CB, den Hollander AI, de Jong EK. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Variants in CFH and CFHR4 Associated with Systemic Complement Activation: Implications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmology 2018; 125:1064-1074. [PMID: 29398083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify genetic variants associated with complement activation, which may help to select age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients for complement-inhibiting therapies. DESIGN Genome-wide association study (GWAS) followed by replication and meta-analysis. PARTICIPANTS AMD patients and controls (n = 2245). METHODS A GWAS on serum C3d-to-C3 ratio was performed in 1548 AMD patients and controls. For replication and meta-analysis, 697 additional individuals were genotyped. A model for complement activation including genetic and non-genetic factors was built, and the variance explained was estimated. Haplotype analysis was performed for 8 SNPs across the CFH/CFHR locus. Association with AMD was performed for the variants and haplotypes found to influence complement activation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Normalized C3d/C3 ratio as a measure of systemic complement activation. RESULTS Complement activation was associated independently with rs3753396 located in CFH (Pdiscovery = 1.09 × 10-15; Pmeta = 3.66 × 10-21; β = 0.141; standard error [SE] = 0.015) and rs6685931 located in CFHR4 (Pdiscovery = 8.18 × 10-7; Pmeta = 6.32 × 10-8; β = 0.054; SE = 0.010). A model including age, AMD disease status, body mass index, triglycerides, rs3753396, rs6685931, and previously identified SNPs explained 18.7% of the variability in complement activation. Haplotype analysis revealed 3 haplotypes (H1-2 and H6 containing rs6685931 and H3 containing rs3753396) associated with complement activation. Haplotypes H3 and H6 conferred stronger effects on complement activation compared with the single variants (P = 2.53 × 10-14; β = 0.183; SE = 0.024; and P = 4.28 × 10-4; β = 0.144; SE = 0.041; respectively). Association analyses with AMD revealed that SNP rs6685931 and haplotype H1-2 containing rs6685931 were associated with a risk for AMD development, whereas SNP rs3753396 and haplotypes H3 and H6 were not. CONCLUSIONS The SNP rs3753396 in CFH and SNP rs6685931 in CFHR4 are associated with systemic complement activation levels. The SNP rs6685931 in CFHR4 and its linked haplotype H1-2 also conferred a risk for AMD development, and therefore could be used to identify AMD patients who would benefit most from complement-inhibiting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lorés-Motta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Constantin C Paun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Corominas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Geerlings
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lebriz Altay
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tina Schick
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohamed R Daha
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eiko K de Jong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Howard M, Farrar CA, Sacks SH. Structural and functional diversity of collectins and ficolins and their relationship to disease. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:75-85. [PMID: 28894916 PMCID: PMC5794833 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-017-0642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition molecules are sensors for the innate immune system and trigger a number of pathophysiological functions after interaction with the corresponding ligands on microorganisms or altered mammalian cells. Of those pattern recognition molecules used by the complement system, collagen-like lectins (collectins) are an important subcomponent. Whereas the best known of these collectins, mannose-binding lectin, largely occurs as a circulating protein following production by hepatocytes, the most recently described collectins exhibit strong local biosynthesis. This local production and release of soluble collectin molecules appear to serve local tissue functions at extravascular sites, including a developmental function. In this article, we focus on the characteristics of collectin-11 (CL-11 or CL-K1), whose ubiquitous expression and multiple activities likely reflect a wide biological relevance. Collectin-11 appears to behave as an acute phase protein whose production associated with metabolic and physical stress results in locally targeted inflammation and tissue cell death. Early results indicate the importance of fucosylated ligand marking the injured cells targeted by collectin-11, and we suggest that further characterisation of this and related ligands will lead to better understanding of pathophysiological significance and exploitation for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Howard
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Conrad A Farrar
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Steven H Sacks
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, 5th Floor Tower Wing, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Complement system dysregulation in patients affected by Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy and the effect of antiepileptic treatment. Epilepsy Res 2017; 137:107-111. [PMID: 28985614 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Complement system dysregulation has been hypothesized as a possible pathogenetic factor triggering epileptogenesis in both animal models and human studies. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the complement system in adult patients affected by idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), either untreated or treated by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Thirty-seven IGE patients were compared to a population of 20 matched healthy controls. IGE patients underwent neurological investigation, epilepsy diary, 24-h EEG recording, and blood sample for the assessment of the complement factors C3 and C4, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels. We excluded patients with clinical and subclinical seizures in the 24h before obtaining the blood sample. We observed decreased C3 and C4 serum levels in IGE patients with respect to controls (p<0.05), and in untreated compared to treated IGE patients (p<0.05). We found significant correlations in the IGE group linking C3 to C4 (R=0.34), CRP (R=0.49), and fibrinogen serum levels (R=0.61). This study proved a significant alteration of the complement system in IGE patients not related to ictal conditions. The hyperactivation of the complement cascade was more significant in untreated than in treated IGE patients. Hence, this study documented the complement factors dysregulation in patients affected by IGE. However, the impact of complement system alteration in the epileptogenetic process needs to be clarified.
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