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Kerstens VS, Fazio P, Sundgren M, Halldin C, Svenningsson P, Varrone A. [ 18F]FE-PE2I DAT correlates with Parkinson's disease duration, stage, and rigidity/bradykinesia scores: a PET radioligand validation study. EJNMMI Res 2023; 13:29. [PMID: 37017878 PMCID: PMC10076455 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-023-00974-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Correlations between dopamine transporter (DAT) availability and Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms vary depending on the imaging modality, choice of regions of interest and clinical measures. We aimed to validate the PET radioligand [18F]FE-PE2I as a clinical biomarker in PD, hypothesizing negative correlations between DAT availability in specified nigrostriatal regions with symptom duration, disease stage and motor symptom scores. METHODS We included 41 PD patients (age 45-79 years; H&Y stage < 3) and 37 healthy control subjects in a cross-sectional study with dynamic [18F]FE-PE2I PET. Binding potential (BPND) was estimated in the caudate nucleus, putamen, ventral striatum, sensorimotor striatum, and substantia nigra using the cerebellum as reference region. RESULTS We found negative correlations (p < 0.02) between symptom duration and BPND in the putamen and sensorimotor striatum (rs = - .42; rs = - .51), and between H&Y stage and BPND in caudate nucleus, putamen, sensorimotor striatum, and substantia nigra (rs between - .40 and - .54). The first correlations were better described with exponential fitting. MDS-UPDRS-III in 'OFF' state correlated negatively (p < 0.04) with BPND in the sensorimotor striatum (rs = - .47), and excluding tremor score also in the putamen (rs = - .45). CONCLUSION Results are in agreement with earlier findings in in vivo and post-mortem studies and validate [18F]FE-PE2I as a functional PD biomarker for PD severity. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT 2011-0020050, Registered April 26 2011; EudraCT 2017-003327-29, Registered October 08 2017; EudraCT 2017-001585-19, Registered August 2 2017. https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Kerstens
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Fazio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Sundgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Department, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Department, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Weinstein AM. Reward, motivation and brain imaging in human healthy participants - A narrative review. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1123733. [PMID: 37035621 PMCID: PMC10079947 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1123733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years there has been an increasing number of brain imaging studies on the mechanisms underlying reward motivation in humans. This narrative review describes studies on the neural mechanisms associated with reward motivation and their relationships with cognitive function in healthy human participants. The brain's meso-limbic dopamine reward circuitry in humans is known to control reward-motivated behavior in humans. The medial and lateral Pre-Frontal Cortex (PFC) integrate motivation and cognitive control during decision-making and the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) integrates and transmits signals of reward to the mesolimbic and meso-cortical dopamine circuits and initiates motivated behavior. The thalamus and insula influence incentive processing in humans and the motor system plays a role in response to action control. There are reciprocal relationships between reward motivation, learning, memory, imagery, working memory, and attention. The most common method of assessing reward motivation is the monetary incentive delay task (DMRT) and there are several meta-analyses of this paradigm. Genetics modulates motivation reward, and dopamine provides the basis for the interaction between motivational and cognitive control. There is some evidence that male adolescents take more risky decisions than female adolescents and that the lateralization of reward-related DA release in the ventral striatum is confined to men. These studies have implications for our understanding of natural reward and psychiatric conditions like addiction, depression and ADHD. Furthermore, the association between reward and memory can help develop treatment techniques for drug addiction that interfere with consolidation of memory. Finally, there is a lack of research on reward motivation, genetics and sex differences and this can improve our understanding of the relationships between reward, motivation and the brain.
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Pölsterl S, Wachinger C. Identification of causal effects of neuroanatomy on cognitive decline requires modeling unobserved confounders. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 19:1994-2005. [PMID: 36419215 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carrying out a randomized controlled trial to estimate the causal effects of regional brain atrophy due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is impossible. Instead, we must estimate causal effects from observational data. However, this generally requires knowing and having recorded all confounders, which is often unrealistic. METHODS We provide an approach that leverages the dependencies among multiple neuroanatomical measures to estimate causal effects from observational neuroimaging data without the need to know and record all confounders. RESULTS Our analyses of N = 732 $N=732$ subjects from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative demonstrate that using our approach results in biologically meaningful conclusions, whereas ignoring unobserved confounding yields results that conflict with established knowledge on cognitive decline due to AD. DISCUSSION The findings provide evidence that the impact of unobserved confounding can be substantial. To ensure trustworthy scientific insights, future AD research can account for unobserved confounding via the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pölsterl
- The Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (AI-Med), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wachinger
- The Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (AI-Med), Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Munich, Germany
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van Hooijdonk CFM, Tse DHY, Roosenschoon J, Ceccarini J, Booij J, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Vingerhoets C. The Relationships between Dopaminergic, Glutamatergic, and Cognitive Functioning in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional, Multimodal 1H-MRS and 18F-Fallypride PET Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1672. [PMID: 36140839 PMCID: PMC9498700 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at increased risk of developing psychosis and cognitive impairments, which may be related to dopaminergic and glutamatergic abnormalities. Therefore, in this exploratory study, we examined the association between dopaminergic and glutamatergic functioning in 22q11DS. Additionally, the associations between glutamatergic functioning and brain volumes in 22q11DS and healthy controls (HC), as well as those between dopaminergic and cognitive functioning in 22q11DS, were also examined. METHODS In this cross-sectional, multimodal imaging study, glutamate, glutamine, and their combined concentration (Glx) were assessed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum in 17 22q11DS patients and 20 HC using 7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ten 22q11DS patients also underwent 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography to measure dopamine D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability in the ACC and striatum. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. RESULTS No significant associations were found between ACC or striatal (1) glutamate, glutamine, or Glx concentrations and (2) D2/3R availability. In HC but not in 22q11DS patients, we found a significant relationship between ACC volume and ACC glutamate, glutamine, and Glx concentration. In addition, some aspects of cognitive functioning were significantly associated with D2/3R availability in 22q11DS. However, none of the associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS Although our results did not reach statistical significance, our findings suggest an association between glutamatergic functioning and brain volume in HC but not in 22q11DS. Additionally, D2/3R availability seems to be related to cognitive functioning in 22q11DS. Studies in larger samples are needed to further elucidate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen F. M. van Hooijdonk
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, 6226 NB Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, 2333 ZZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Desmond H. Y. Tse
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Roosenschoon
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, 6226 NB Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Division of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Therese A. M. J. van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, 6226 NB Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, 6226 NB Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Sanwald S, Montag C, Kiefer M. Cumulative Genetic Score of DRD2 Polymorphisms Is Associated with Impulsivity and Masked Semantic Priming. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1682-1694. [PMID: 35635675 PMCID: PMC9374629 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in the magnitude of semantic priming effects are associated with executive functions (EF). Striatal dopamine has been shown to be associated with EF as well as impulsivity and could therefore be associated with differences in the magnitude of semantic priming. We investigated n = 155 individuals in an unmasked as well as in a masked semantic priming paradigm. We additionally assessed self-reported impulsivity and a cumulative genetic score (CGS) comprising six polymorphisms that have been found to be functionally relevant for the expression of the DRD2 gene. We found a significantly negative association between the DRD2 CGS and reaction time priming in the masked semantic priming paradigm. In addition, the DRD2 CGS was positively associated with self-reported impulsivity. Our findings complement previous research by showing a role of the DRD2 gene for masked semantic priming. Therefore, the investigation of genes within the dopamine system might improve our understanding of the genetic basis of impulsivity and semantic processing. Thus, the DRD2 CGS is of interest for clinical as well as experimental psychological research.
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6
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Korkki SM, Papenberg G, Karalija N, Garrett DD, Riklund K, Lövdén M, Lindenberger U, Nyberg L, Bäckman L. Fronto-striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability is associated with cognitive variability in older individuals with low dopamine integrity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21089. [PMID: 34702857 PMCID: PMC8548594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Within-person, moment-to-moment, variability in behavior increases with advancing adult age, potentially reflecting the influence of reduced structural and neurochemical brain integrity, especially that of the dopaminergic system. We examined the role of dopamine D2 receptor (D2DR) availability, grey-, and white-matter integrity, for between-person differences in cognitive variability in a large sample of healthy older adults (n = 181; 64-68 years) from the Cognition, Brain, and Aging (COBRA) study. Intra-individual variability (IIV) in cognition was measured as across-trial variability in participants' response times for tasks assessing perceptual speed and working memory, as well as for a control task of motor speed. Across the whole sample, no associations of D2DR availability, or grey- and white-matter integrity, to IIV were observed. However, within-person variability in cognition was increased in two subgroups of individuals displaying low mean-level cognitive performance, one of which was characterized by low subcortical and cortical D2DR availability. In this latter group, fronto-striatal D2DR availability correlated negatively with within-person variability in cognition. This finding suggests that the influence of D2DR availability on cognitive variability may be more easily disclosed among individuals with low dopamine-system integrity, highlighting the benefits of large-scale studies for delineating heterogeneity in brain-behavior associations in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saana M. Korkki
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Goran Papenberg
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Karalija
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Douglas D. Garrett
- grid.419526.d0000 0000 9859 7917Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany ,grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrine Riklund
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Lövdén
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- grid.419526.d0000 0000 9859 7917Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany ,grid.4372.20000 0001 2105 1091Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Nyberg
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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No association between cortical dopamine D2 receptor availability and cognition in antipsychotic-naive first-episode psychosis. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:46. [PMID: 34548499 PMCID: PMC8455597 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is an important predictor of disability in schizophrenia. Dopamine neurotransmission in cortical brain regions has been suggested to be of importance for higher-order cognitive processes. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between extrastriatal dopamine D2-R availability and cognitive function, using positron emission tomography and the high-affinity D2-R radioligand [11C]FLB 457, in an antipsychotic-naive sample of 18 first-episode psychosis patients and 16 control subjects. We observed no significant associations between D2-R binding in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or hippocampus (β = 0.013–0.074, partial r = −0.037–0.273, p = 0.131–0.841). Instead, using Bayesian statistics, we found moderate support for the null hypothesis of no relationship (BFH0:H1 = 3.3–8.2). Theoretically, our findings may suggest a lack of detrimental effects of D2-R antagonist drugs on cognition in schizophrenia patients, in line with clinical observations.
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8
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Karalija N, Papenberg G, Wåhlin A, Johansson J, Andersson M, Axelsson J, Riklund K, Lindenberger U, Nyberg L, Bäckman L. Sex differences in dopamine integrity and brain structure among healthy older adults: Relationships to episodic memory. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 105:272-279. [PMID: 34134056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Normal brain aging is a multidimensional process that includes deterioration in various brain structures and functions, with large heterogeneity in patterns and rates of decline. Sex differences have been reported for various cognitive and brain parameters, but little is known in relation to neuromodulatory aspects of brain aging. We examined sex differences in dopamine D2-receptor (D2DR) availability in relation to episodic memory, but also, grey-matter volumes, white-matter lesions, and cerebral perfusion in healthy older adults (n = 181, age: 64-68 years) from the Cognition, Brain, and Aging study. Women had higher D2DR availability in midbrain and left caudate and putamen, as well as superior episodic memory performance. Controlling for left caudate D2DR availability attenuated sex differences in memory performance. In men, lower left caudate D2DR levels were associated with lower cortical perfusion and higher burden of white-matter lesions, as well as with episodic memory performance. However, sex was not a significant moderator of the reported links to D2DR levels. Our findings suggest that sex differences in multiple associations among DA receptor availability, vascular factors, and structural connectivity contribute to sex differences in episodic memory. Future longitudinal studies need to corroborate these patterns by lead-lag associations. This manuscript is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Cognitive Neuroscience of Healthy and Pathological Aging' edited by Drs. M. N. Rajah, S. Belleville, and R. Cabeza. This article is part of the Virtual Special Issue titled COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE OF HEALTHY AND PATHOLOGICAL AGING. The full issue can be found on ScienceDirect at https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/neurobiology-of-aging/special-issue/105379XPWJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Karalija
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany, and London
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Miranda GG, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM. Cortical thickness mediates the relationship between DRD2 C957T polymorphism and executive function across the adult lifespan. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:121-136. [PMID: 33179159 PMCID: PMC7855542 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) signaling is critical for optimal cognitive performance. Aging is accompanied by a change in the strength of this signaling, with a loss of striatal and extrastriatal D2 binding potential. The reduction in dopamine modulation with age negatively influences various aspects of cognition. DRD2 C957T (rs6277) impacts DA D2 receptor density and availability, with C homozygotes linked to lower striatal DA availability and reduced executive functioning (EF), but also high extrastriatal binding potential. Here, we investigated in 176 participants aged 20-94 years whether: (1) DRD2 C carriers differ from T carriers in cortical thickness or subcortical volume in areas of high concentrations of D2 receptors that receive projections from mesocortical or nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways; (2) whether the DRD2*COMT relationship has any synergistic effects on cortical thickness; (3) whether the effect of DRD2 on brain structure depends upon age; and (4) whether DRD2-related regional thinning affects executive function performance. We show that DRD2 impacts cortical thickness in the superior parietal lobule, precuneus, and anterior cingulate (marginal after FDR correction), while statistically controlling sex, age, and COMT genotype. Specifically, C homozygotes demonstrated thinner cortices than both heterozygotes and/or T homozygotes in an age-invariant manner. Additionally, DRD2 predicted executive function performance via cortical thickness. The results highlight that genetic influences on dopamine availability impact cognitive performance via the contribution of brain structure in cortical regions influenced by DRD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe G Miranda
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, The University of Texas At Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Karen M Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, The University of Texas At Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Science, The University of Texas At Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Kerstens VS, Fazio P, Sundgren M, Matheson GJ, Franzén E, Halldin C, Cervenka S, Svenningsson P, Varrone A. Reliability of dopamine transporter PET measurements with [ 18F]FE-PE2I in patients with Parkinson's disease. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:95. [PMID: 32797307 PMCID: PMC7427674 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reliable quantification of dopamine transporter (DAT), a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease (PD), is essential for diagnostic purposes as well as for evaluation of potential disease-modifying treatment. Due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and thus lower expected radioligand binding to DAT, higher measurement variability in PD patients might be expected than earlier reproducibility results in healthy controls. Therefore, we aimed to examine the test-retest properties of [18F]FE-PE2I-PET in PD patients. Methods Nine patients with PD (Hoehn and Yahr stage < 3) were included (men/women 6/3; mean age 65.2 ± 6.8 years). Each patient underwent two [18F]FE-PE2I-PET measurements within 7–28 days. The outcome measure was non-displaceable binding potential generated using wavelet-aided parametric imaging with cerebellum as reference region. We assessed test-retest performance using estimates of reliability and repeatability. Regions for primary analysis were caudate, putamen, ventral striatum, and substantia nigra. Exploratory analysis was performed for functional subdivisions of the striatum. We also compared the more vs. less affected side. Results [18F]FE-PE2I showed absolute variability estimates of 5.3–7.6% in striatal regions and 11% in substantia nigra and ICCs of 0.74–0.97 (median 0.91). The absolute variability for functional striatal subdivisions was 6.0–9.6% and ICCs of 0.76–0.91 (median 0.91). The less affected substantia nigra exhibited greater consistency than the more affected side. According to power calculations based on the current sample size, DAT changes of 5–11% in the striatum and 28% in the substantia nigra can be detected with a power of 0.8 (p < 0.0125). Conclusion DAT-PET measurements with [18F]FE-PE2I in PD patients showed good repeatability and reliability. The slightly lower reliability in the substantia nigra in patients may be explained by lower DAT density and smaller anatomical size. Power calculations suggest that [18F]FE-PE2I PET is a suitable marker for longitudinal DAT decline in PD. Trial registration EudraCT 2017-003327-29
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera S Kerstens
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Fazio
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Sundgren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Granville J Matheson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Franzén
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Function Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Neuro, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neurology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Varrone
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Turner MP, Fischer H, Sivakolundu DK, Hubbard NA, Zhao Y, Rypma B, Bäckman L. Age-differential relationships among dopamine D1 binding potential, fusiform BOLD signal, and face-recognition performance. Neuroimage 2020; 206:116232. [PMID: 31593794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial recognition ability declines in adult aging, but the neural basis for this decline remains unknown. Cortical areas involved in face recognition exhibit lower dopamine (DA) receptor availability and lower blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal during task performance with advancing adult age. We hypothesized that changes in the relationship between these two neural systems are related to age differences in face-recognition ability. To test this hypothesis, we leveraged positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure D1 receptor binding potential (BPND) and BOLD signal during face-recognition performance. Twenty younger and 20 older participants performed a face-recognition task during fMRI scanning. Face recognition accuracy was lower in older than in younger adults, as were D1 BPND and BOLD signal across the brain. Using linear regression, significant relationships between DA and BOLD were found in both age-groups in face-processing regions. Interestingly, although the relationship was positive in younger adults, it was negative in older adults (i.e., as D1 BPND decreased, BOLD signal increased). Ratios of BOLD:D1 BPND were calculated and relationships to face-recognition performance were tested. Multiple linear regression revealed a significant Group × BOLD:D1 BPND Ratio interaction. These results suggest that, in the healthy system, synchrony between neurotransmitter (DA) and hemodynamic (BOLD) systems optimizes the level of BOLD activation evoked for a given DA input (i.e., the gain parameter of the DA input-neural activation function), facilitating task performance. In the aged system, however, desynchronization between these brain systems would reduce the gain parameter of this function, adversely impacting task performance and contributing to reduced face recognition in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monroe P Turner
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.
| | - Håkan Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dinesh K Sivakolundu
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas A Hubbard
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Bart Rypma
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Persson J, Szalisznyó K, Antoni G, Wall A, Fällmar D, Zora H, Bodén R. Phosphodiesterase 10A levels are related to striatal function in schizophrenia: a combined positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:451-459. [PMID: 31119377 PMCID: PMC7210243 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) is being investigated as a treatment option in schizophrenia. PDE10A acts postsynaptically on striatal dopamine signaling by regulating neuronal excitability through its inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and we recently found it to be reduced in schizophrenia compared to controls. Here, this finding of reduced PDE10A in schizophrenia was followed up in the same sample to investigate the effect of reduced striatal PDE10A on the neural and behavioral function of striatal and downstream basal ganglia regions. A positron emission tomography (PET) scan with the PDE10A ligand [11C]Lu AE92686 was performed, followed by a 6 min resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in ten patients with schizophrenia. To assess the relationship between striatal function and neurophysiological and behavioral functioning, salience processing was assessed using a mismatch negativity paradigm, an auditory event-related electroencephalographic measure, episodic memory was assessed using the Rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT) and executive functioning using trail-making test B. Reduced striatal PDE10A was associated with increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) within the putamen and substantia nigra, respectively. Higher ALFF in the substantia nigra, in turn, was associated with lower episodic memory performance. The findings are in line with a role for PDE10A in striatal functioning, and suggest that reduced striatal PDE10A may contribute to cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Persson
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - K. Szalisznyó
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G. Antoni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden ,PET-Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Wall
- PET-Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden ,Department of Surgical Sciences, Nuclear medicine and PET, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D. Fällmar
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H. Zora
- Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R. Bodén
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Papenberg G, Jonasson L, Karalija N, Johansson J, Köhncke Y, Salami A, Andersson M, Axelsson J, Wåhlin A, Riklund K, Lindenberger U, Lövdén M, Nyberg L, Bäckman L. Mapping the landscape of human dopamine D2/3 receptors with [ 11C]raclopride. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2871-2882. [PMID: 31444615 PMCID: PMC6778542 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D2/3 system is fundamental for sensory, motor, emotional, and cognitive aspects of behavior. Small-scale human histopathological and animal studies show high density of D2/3 dopamine receptors (D2/3DR) in striatum, but also demonstrate the existence of such receptors across cortical and limbic regions. Assessment of D2/3DR BPND in the extrastriatal regions with [11C]raclopride has long been considered unreliable due to the relatively low density of D2/3DR outside the striatum. We describe the distribution and interregional links of D2/3DR availability measured with PET and [11C]raclopride across the human brain in a large sample (N = 176; age range 64–68 years). Structural equation modeling revealed that D2/3DR availability can be organized according to anatomical (nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, mesocortical) and functional (limbic, associative, sensorimotor) dopamine pathways. D2/3DR availability in corticolimbic functional subdivisions showed differential associations to corresponding striatal subdivisions, extending animal and pharmacological work. Our findings provide evidence on the dimensionality and organization of [11C]raclopride D2/3DR availability in the living human brain that conforms to known dopaminergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Lars Jonasson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina Karalija
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ylva Köhncke
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alireza Salami
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65, Solna, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck, UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany.,Max Planck, UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK
| | - Martin Lövdén
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65, Solna, Sweden
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14
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Köhncke Y, Papenberg G, Jonasson L, Karalija N, Wåhlin A, Salami A, Andersson M, Axelsson JE, Nyberg L, Riklund K, Bäckman L, Lindenberger U, Lövdén M. Self-rated intensity of habitual physical activities is positively associated with dopamine D2/3 receptor availability and cognition. Neuroimage 2018; 181:605-616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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15
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Influence of the DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphism on caudate volume in older adults without dementia. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:2653-2662. [PMID: 29564530 PMCID: PMC5995982 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1650-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neuromodulation is critically important for brain and cognitive integrity. The DRD2/ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphism is associated with striatal dopamine (DA) D2 receptor availability. Some previous studies have found that the A allele of the Taq1A polymorphism influences brain structure, but the results are inconsistent, likely due to population heterogeneity and small sample sizes. We investigated the genetic effect on caudate volume in a large sample of older adults without dementia. Results show that A-allele carriers have smaller caudate volume compared to non-carriers in relatively older adults (n = 167; Mage = 77.8 years), whereas the genotype did not influence caudate volume in a younger age group (n = 220; Mage = 62.8 years). Cognitive performance was not significantly affected by the DRD2 gene. Our findings extend previous observations by showing magnified genetic effects on brain volume in old age, and provide evidence for a link between a DA-related genetic polymorphism and grey matter volume in a brain region within the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway.
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16
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Takano H. Cognitive Function and Monoamine Neurotransmission in Schizophrenia: Evidence From Positron Emission Tomography Studies. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:228. [PMID: 29896132 PMCID: PMC5987676 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to assess various brain functions, including cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and neurotransmission, in the living human brain. In particular, neurotransmission mediated by the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, has been extensively examined using PET probes, which specifically bind to the monoamine receptors and transporters. This useful tool has revealed the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, and the mechanisms of action of psychotropic drugs. Because monoamines are implicated in various cognitive processes such as memory and executive functions, some PET studies have directly investigated the associations between monoamine neurotransmission and cognitive functions in healthy individuals and patients with psychiatric disorders. In this mini review, I discuss the findings of PET studies that investigated monoamine neurotransmission under resting conditions, specifically focusing on cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia. With regard to the dopaminergic system, some studies have examined the association of dopamine D1 and D2/D3 receptors, dopamine transporters, and dopamine synthesis capacity with various cognitive functions in schizophrenia. With regard to the serotonergic system, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors have been studied in the context of cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Although relatively few PET studies have examined cognitive functions in patients with psychiatric disorders, these approaches can provide useful information on enhancing cognitive functions by administering drugs that modulate monoamine transmission. Moreover, another paradigm of techniques such as those exploring the release of neurotransmitters and further development of radiotracers for novel targets are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumasa Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Klaus K, Butler K, Durrant SJ, Ali M, Inglehearn CF, Hodgson TL, Gutierrez H, Pennington K. The effect of COMT Val158Met and DRD2 C957T polymorphisms on executive function and the impact of early life stress. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00695. [PMID: 28523234 PMCID: PMC5434197 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has indicated that variation in genes encoding catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) may influence cognitive function and that this may confer vulnerability to the development of mental health disorders such as schizophrenia. However, increasing evidence suggests environmental factors such as early life stress may interact with genetic variants in affecting these cognitive outcomes. This study investigated the effect of COMT Val158Met and DRD2 C957T polymorphisms on executive function and the impact of early life stress in healthy adults. METHODS One hundred and twenty-two healthy adult males (mean age 35.2 years, range 21-63) were enrolled in the study. Cognitive function was assessed using Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery and early life stress was assessed using the Childhood Traumatic Events Scale (Pennebaker & Susman, 1988). RESULTS DRD2 C957T was significantly associated with executive function, with CC homozygotes having significantly reduced performance in spatial working memory and spatial planning. A significant genotype-trauma interaction was found in Rapid Visual Information Processing test, a measure of sustained attention, with CC carriers who had experienced early life stress exhibiting impaired performance compared to the CC carriers without early life stressful experiences. There were no significant findings for COMT Val158Met. CONCLUSIONS This study supports previous findings that DRD2 C957T significantly affects performance on executive function related tasks in healthy individuals and shows for the first time that some of these effects may be mediated through the impact of childhood traumatic events. Future work should aim to clarify further the effect of stress on neuronal systems that are known to be vulnerable in mental health disorders and more specifically what the impact of this might be on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Klaus
- School of Psychology University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
| | - Kevin Butler
- School of Psychology University of Lincoln Lincoln UK
| | | | - Manir Ali
- Section of Ophthalmology & Neuroscience Leeds Institute of Biomedical Sciences St James' Hospital University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Section of Ophthalmology & Neuroscience Leeds Institute of Biomedical Sciences St James' Hospital University of Leeds Leeds UK
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Naltrexone modulates dopamine release following chronic, but not acute amphetamine administration: a translational study. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1104. [PMID: 28440810 PMCID: PMC5416714 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The opioid antagonist naltrexone has been shown to attenuate the subjective effects of amphetamine. However, the mechanisms behind this modulatory effect are currently unknown. We hypothesized that naltrexone would diminish the striatal dopamine release induced by amphetamine, which is considered an important mechanism behind many of its stimulant properties. We used positron emission tomography and the dopamine D2-receptor radioligand [11C]raclopride in healthy subjects to study the dopaminergic effects of an amphetamine injection after pretreatment with naltrexone or placebo. In a rat model, we used microdialysis to study the modulatory effects of naltrexone on dopamine levels after acute and chronic amphetamine exposure. In healthy humans, naltrexone attenuated the subjective effects of amphetamine, confirming our previous results. Amphetamine produced a significant reduction in striatal radioligand binding, indicating increased levels of endogenous dopamine. However, there was no statistically significant effect of naltrexone on dopamine release. The same pattern was observed in rats, where an acute injection of amphetamine caused a significant rise in striatal dopamine levels, with no effect of naltrexone pretreatment. However, in a chronic model, naltrexone significantly attenuated the dopamine release caused by reinstatement of amphetamine. Collectively, these data suggest that the opioid system becomes engaged during the more chronic phase of drug use, evidenced by the modulatory effect of naltrexone on dopamine release following chronic amphetamine administration. The importance of opioid-dopamine interactions in the reinforcing and addictive effects of amphetamine is highlighted by the present findings and may help to facilitate medication development in the field of stimulant dependence.
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19
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Papenberg G, Becker N, Ferencz B, Naveh-Benjamin M, Laukka EJ, Bäckman L, Brehmer Y. Dopamine Receptor Genes Modulate Associative Memory in Old Age. J Cogn Neurosci 2016; 29:245-253. [PMID: 27647283 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous research shows that associative memory declines more than item memory in aging. Although the underlying mechanisms of this selective impairment remain poorly understood, animal and human data suggest that dopaminergic modulation may be particularly relevant for associative binding. We investigated the influence of dopamine (DA) receptor genes on item and associative memory in a population-based sample of older adults (n = 525, aged 60 years), assessed with a face-scene item associative memory task. The effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of DA D1 (DRD1; rs4532), D2 (DRD2/ANKK1/Taq1A; rs1800497), and D3 (DRD3/Ser9Gly; rs6280) receptor genes were examined and combined into a single genetic score. Individuals carrying more beneficial alleles, presumably associated with higher DA receptor efficacy (DRD1 C allele; DRD2 A2 allele; DRD3 T allele), performed better on associative memory than persons with less beneficial genotypes. There were no effects of these genes on item memory or other cognitive measures, such as working memory, executive functioning, fluency, and perceptual speed, indicating a selective association between DA genes and associative memory. By contrast, genetic risk for Alzheimer disease (AD) was associated with worse item and associative memory, indicating adverse effects of APOE ε4 and a genetic risk score for AD (PICALM, BIN1, CLU) on episodic memory in general. Taken together, our results suggest that DA may be particularly important for associative memory, whereas AD-related genetic variations may influence overall episodic memory in older adults without dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nina Becker
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm University.,Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beata Ferencz
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm University
| | | | - Erika J Laukka
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm University
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm University
| | - Yvonne Brehmer
- Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Stockholm University.,Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Dopamine D2 receptor availability is linked to hippocampal-caudate functional connectivity and episodic memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:7918-23. [PMID: 27339132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606309113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
D1 and D2 dopamine receptors (D1DRs and D2DRs) may contribute differently to various aspects of memory and cognition. The D1DR system has been linked to functions supported by the prefrontal cortex. By contrast, the role of the D2DR system is less clear, although it has been hypothesized that D2DRs make a specific contribution to hippocampus-based cognitive functions. Here we present results from 181 healthy adults between 64 and 68 y of age who underwent comprehensive assessment of episodic memory, working memory, and processing speed, along with MRI and D2DR assessment with [(11)C]raclopride and PET. Caudate D2DR availability was positively associated with episodic memory but not with working memory or speed. Whole-brain analyses further revealed a relation between hippocampal D2DR availability and episodic memory. Hippocampal and caudate D2DR availability were interrelated, and functional MRI-based resting-state functional connectivity between the ventral caudate and medial temporal cortex increased as a function of caudate D2DR availability. Collectively, these findings indicate that D2DRs make a specific contribution to hippocampus-based cognition by influencing striatal and hippocampal regions, and their interactions.
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21
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Dopamine D1 Binding Potential Predicts Fusiform BOLD Activity during Face-Recognition Performance. J Neurosci 2016; 35:14702-7. [PMID: 26538642 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1298-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The importance of face memory in humans and primates is well established, but little is known about the neurotransmitter systems involved in face recognition. We tested the hypothesis that face recognition is linked to dopamine (DA) activity in fusiform gyrus (FFG). DA availability was assessed by measuring D1 binding potential (BP) during rest using PET. We further assessed blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal change while subjects performed a face-recognition task during fMRI scanning. There was a strong association between D1 BP and BOLD activity in FFG, whereas D1 BP in striatal and other extrastriatal regions were unrelated to neural activity in FFG. These results suggest that D1 BP locally modulates FFG function during face recognition. Observed relationships among D1 BP, BOLD activity, and face-recognition performance further suggest that D1 receptors place constraints on the responsiveness of FFG neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The importance of face memory in humans and primates is well established, but little is known about the neurotransmitter systems involved in face recognition. Our work shows a role for a specific neurotransmitter system in face memory.
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22
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Ballard ME, Dean AC, Mandelkern MA, London ED. Striatal Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Availability Is Associated with Executive Function in Healthy Controls but Not Methamphetamine Users. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143510. [PMID: 26657223 PMCID: PMC4699455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in the striatum has been linked with executive function in healthy individuals, and is below control levels among drug addicts, possibly contributing to diminished executive function in the latter group. This study tested for an association of striatal D2/D3 receptor availability with a measure of executive function among research participants who met DSM-IV criteria for methamphetamine dependence. Methods Methamphetamine users and non-user controls (n = 18 per group) completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and positron emission tomography with [18F]fallypride. Results The methamphetamine users displayed significantly lower striatal D2/D3 receptor availability on average than controls after controlling for age and education (p = 0.008), but they did not register greater proportions of either perseverative or non-perseverative errors when controlling for education (both ps ≥ 0.622). The proportion of non-perseverative, but not perseverative, errors was negatively correlated with striatal D2/D3 receptor availability among controls (r = -0.588, p = 0.010), but not methamphetamine users (r = 0.281, p = 0.258), and the group-wise interaction was significant (p = 0.030). Conclusions These results suggest that cognitive flexibility, as measured by perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, is not determined by signaling through striatal D2/D3 receptors in healthy controls, and that in stimulant abusers, who have lower D2/D3 receptor availability, compensation can effectively maintain other executive functions, which are associated with D2/D3 receptor signaling in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Ballard
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andy C. Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Mark A. Mandelkern
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Physics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Edythe D. London
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Nevalainen N, Riklund K, Andersson M, Axelsson J, Ögren M, Lövdén M, Lindenberger U, Bäckman L, Nyberg L. COBRA: A prospective multimodal imaging study of dopamine, brain structure and function, and cognition. Brain Res 2015; 1612:83-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Murrough JW, Burdick KE, Levitch CF, Perez AM, Brallier JW, Chang LC, Foulkes A, Charney DS, Mathew SJ, Iosifescu DV. Neurocognitive effects of ketamine and association with antidepressant response in individuals with treatment-resistant depression: a randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1084-90. [PMID: 25374095 PMCID: PMC4367458 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine displays rapid antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD); however, the potential for adverse neurocognitive effects in this population has not received adequate study. The current study was designed to investigate the delayed neurocognitive impact of ketamine in TRD and examine baseline antidepressant response predictors in the context of a randomized controlled trial. In the current study, 62 patients (mean age = 46.2 ± 12.2) with TRD free of concomitant antidepressant medication underwent neurocognitive assessments using components of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) before and after a single intravenous infusion of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) or midazolam (0.045 mg/kg). Participants were randomized to ketamine or midazolam in a 2:1 fashion under double-blind conditions and underwent depression symptom assessments at 24, 48, 72 h, and 7 days post treatment using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Post-treatment neurocognitive assessment was conducted once at 7 days. Neurocognitive performance improved following the treatment regardless of treatment condition. There was no differential effect of treatment on neurocognitive performance and no association with antidepressant response. Slower processing speed at baseline uniquely predicted greater improvement in depression at 24 h following ketamine (t = 2.3, p = 0.027), while controlling for age, depression severity, and performance on other neurocognitive domains. In the current study, we found that ketamine was devoid of adverse neurocognitive effects at 7 days post treatment and that slower baseline processing speed was associated with greater antidepressant response. Future studies are required to further define the neurocognitive profile of ketamine in clinical samples and to identify clinically useful response moderators.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Murrough
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA, Tel: +1 212 241 7574, Fax: +1 212 241 3354, E-mail:
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cara F Levitch
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew M Perez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jess W Brallier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lee C Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra Foulkes
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay J Mathew
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA,Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Persson J, Rieckmann A, Kalpouzos G, Fischer H, Bäckman L. Influences of a DRD2 polymorphism on updating of long-term memory representations and caudate BOLD activity: magnification in aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 36:1325-34. [PMID: 25486867 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of genetic polymorphisms are related to individual differences in cognitive performance. Striatal dopamine (DA) functions, associated with cognitive performance, are linked to the TaqIA polymorphism of the DRD2/ANKK1 gene. In humans, presence of an A1 allele of the DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA polymorphism is related to reduced density of striatal DA D2 receptors. The resource-modulation hypothesis assumes that aging-related losses of neurochemical and structural brain resources modulate the extent to which genetic variations affect cognitive functioning. Here, we tested this hypothesis using functional MRI during long-term memory (LTM) updating in younger and older carriers and noncarriers of the A1-allele of the TaqIa polymorphism. We demonstrate that older A1-carriers have worse memory performance, specifically during LTM updating, compared to noncarriers. Moreover, A1-carriers exhibited less blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activation in left caudate nucleus, a region critical to updating. This effect was only seen in older adults, suggesting magnification of genetic effects on functional brain activity in aging. Further, a positive relationship between caudate BOLD activation and updating performance among non-A1 carriers indicated that caudate activation was behaviorally relevant. These results demonstrate a link between the DRD2/ANKK1-TaqIA polymorphism and neurocognitive deficits related to LTM updating, and provide novel evidence that this effect is magnified in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Persson
- Aging Research Center (ARC), Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Gävlegatan 16, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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26
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Fatouros-Bergman H, Cervenka S, Flyckt L, Edman G, Farde L. Meta-analysis of cognitive performance in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 158:156-62. [PMID: 25086658 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive deficits represent a significant characteristic of schizophrenia. However, a majority of the clinical studies have been conducted in antipsychotic drug treated patients. Thus, it remains unclear if significant cognitive impairments exist in the absence of medication. This is the first meta-analysis of cognitive findings in drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia. Cognitive data from 23 studies encompassing 1106 patients and 1385 controls published from 1992 to 2013 were included. Tests were to a large extent ordered in cognitive domains according to the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) battery. Analysis was performed with STATA using the random-effects model and heterogeneity as well as Egger's publication bias was assessed. Overall the results show that patients performed worse than healthy controls in all cognitive domains with medium to large effect sizes. Verbal memory, speed of processing and working memory were three of the domains with the greatest impairments. The pattern of results is in line with previous meta-analytic findings in antipsychotic treated patients. The present meta-analysis confirms the existence of significant cognitive impairments at the early stage of the illness in the absence of antipsychotic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Fatouros-Bergman
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Patientvägen 2, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Psychiatric Research, R5, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lena Flyckt
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Patientvägen 2, 112 19 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Edman
- Department of Psychiatry, Tiohundra AB, SE-761 30 Norrtälje, Sweden; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Centre of Family Medicine - CeFAM, S-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Lars Farde
- Karolinska Institutet, Dept. of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Psychiatric Research, R5, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Jonasson LS, Axelsson J, Riklund K, Braver TS, Ögren M, Bäckman L, Nyberg L. Dopamine release in nucleus accumbens during rewarded task switching measured by [¹¹C]raclopride. Neuroimage 2014; 99:357-64. [PMID: 24862078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reward and motivation have positive influences on cognitive-control processes in numerous settings. Models of reward implicate corticostriatal loops and the dopamine (DA) system, with special emphasis on D2 receptors in nucleus accumbens (NAcc). In this study, 11 right-handed males (35-40 years) were scanned with positron emission tomography (PET) in a single [(11)C]raclopride dynamic scan during rewarded and non-rewarded task switching. Rewarded task switching (relative to baseline task switching) decreased [(11)C]raclopride binding in NAcc. Decreasing NAcc [(11)C]raclopride binding was strongly associated with task reaction time measures that reflect individual differences in effort and control strategies. Voxelwise analyses additionally revealed reward-related DA release in anterodorsal caudate, a region previously associated with task-switching. These PET findings provide evidence for striatal DA release during motivated cognitive control, and further suggest that NAcc DA release predicts the task reaction time benefits of reward incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars S Jonasson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Centre for Population Studies, Ageing and Living Conditions, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Todd S Braver
- Department of Psychology, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Mattias Ögren
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, SE-113 30 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden; Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Papenberg G, Li SC, Nagel IE, Nietfeld W, Schjeide BM, Schröder J, Bertram L, Heekeren HR, Lindenberger U, Bäckman L. Dopamine and glutamate receptor genes interactively influence episodic memory in old age. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1213.e3-8. [PMID: 24332987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Both the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems modulate episodic memory consolidation. Evidence from animal studies suggests that these two neurotransmitters may interact in influencing memory performance. Given that individual differences in episodic memory are heritable, we investigated whether variations of the dopamine D2 receptor gene (rs6277, C957T) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A (NR3A) gene, coding for the N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A subunit of the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (rs10989591, Val362Met), interactively modulate episodic memory in large samples of younger (20-31 years; n = 670) and older (59-71 years; n = 832) adults. We found a reliable gene-gene interaction, which was observed in older adults only: older individuals carrying genotypes associated with greater D2 and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor efficacy showed better episodic performance. These results are in line with findings showing magnification of genetic effects on memory in old age, presumably as a consequence of reduced brain resources. Our findings underscore the need for investigating interactive effects of multiple genes to understand individual difference in episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Papenberg
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irene E Nagel
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilfried Nietfeld
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brit-Maren Schjeide
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Schröder
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Charité Research Group on Geriatrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bertram
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hauke R Heekeren
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany; Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Wittmann BC, Tan GC, Lisman JE, Dolan RJ, Düzel E. Reprint of: DAT genotype modulates striatal processing and long-term memory for items associated with reward and punishment. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:2469-77. [PMID: 24139823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that appetitive motivation enhances episodic memory formation via a network including the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), striatum and hippocampus. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study now contrasted the impact of aversive and appetitive motivation on episodic long-term memory. Cue pictures predicted monetary reward or punishment in alternating experimental blocks. One day later, episodic memory for the cue pictures was tested. We also investigated how the neural processing of appetitive and aversive motivation and episodic memory were modulated by dopaminergic mechanisms. To that end, participants were selected on the basis of their genotype for a variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism of the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene. The resulting groups were carefully matched for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene. Recognition memory for cues from both motivational categories was enhanced in participants homozygous for the 10-repeat allele of the DAT, the functional effects of which are not known yet, but not in heterozygous subjects. In comparison with heterozygous participants, 10-repeat homozygous participants also showed increased striatal activity for anticipation of motivational outcomes compared to neutral outcomes. In a subsequent memory analysis, encoding activity in striatum and hippocampus was found to be higher for later recognized items in 10-repeat homozygotes compared to 9/10-repeat heterozygotes. These findings suggest that processing of appetitive and aversive motivation in the human striatum involve the dopaminergic system and that dopamine plays a role in memory for both types of motivational information. In accordance with animal studies, these data support the idea that encoding of motivational events depends on dopaminergic processes in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Wittmann
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
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30
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Wittmann BC, Tan GC, Lisman JE, Dolan RJ, Düzel E. DAT genotype modulates striatal processing and long-term memory for items associated with reward and punishment. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:2184-93. [PMID: 23911780 PMCID: PMC3809516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that appetitive motivation enhances episodic memory formation via a network including the substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), striatum and hippocampus. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study now contrasted the impact of aversive and appetitive motivation on episodic long-term memory. Cue pictures predicted monetary reward or punishment in alternating experimental blocks. One day later, episodic memory for the cue pictures was tested. We also investigated how the neural processing of appetitive and aversive motivation and episodic memory were modulated by dopaminergic mechanisms. To that end, participants were selected on the basis of their genotype for a variable number of tandem repeat polymorphism of the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene. The resulting groups were carefully matched for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene. Recognition memory for cues from both motivational categories was enhanced in participants homozygous for the 10-repeat allele of the DAT, the functional effects of which are not known yet, but not in heterozygous subjects. In comparison with heterozygous participants, 10-repeat homozygous participants also showed increased striatal activity for anticipation of motivational outcomes compared to neutral outcomes. In a subsequent memory analysis, encoding activity in striatum and hippocampus was found to be higher for later recognized items in 10-repeat homozygotes compared to 9/10-repeat heterozygotes. These findings suggest that processing of appetitive and aversive motivation in the human striatum involve the dopaminergic system and that dopamine plays a role in memory for both types of motivational information. In accordance with animal studies, these data support the idea that encoding of motivational events depends on dopaminergic processes in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C Wittmann
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Giessen, 35394 Giessen, Germany.
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31
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Alakurtti K, Johansson JJ, Tuokkola T, Någren K, Rinne JO. Rostrocaudal gradients of dopamine D2/3 receptor binding in striatal subregions measured with [(11)C]raclopride and high-resolution positron emission tomography. Neuroimage 2013; 82:252-9. [PMID: 23727314 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human striatum has structural and functional subdivisions, both dorsoventrally and rostrocaudally. To date, the gradients of dopamine D2/3 receptor binding in the human striatum have not been measured with positron emission tomography (PET). Seven healthy male subjects aged 24.5 ± 3.5 years were scanned with brain-dedicated high-resolution research tomography (HRRT, Siemens Medical Solutions, Knoxville, TN, USA) and [(11)C]raclopride. Coronally defined regions of interest (ROIs) of the caudate nucleus, putamen and ventral striatum (VST) were sampled plane-by-plane, 1.5mm apart, on spatially normalized binding potential (BPND) images. Regional [(11)C]raclopride BPND values were calculated using the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) from a total of 25 coronal planes. An increasing rostrocaudal gradient of the D2/3 receptor binding was detected in the putamen, which is consistent with the known distribution of D2/3 dopamine receptors. In the caudate nucleus, there was an initial increase in the BPND values in the most anterior planes, suggesting that the highest D2/3 receptor binding occurred in the head; however, there was an overall descending gradient. A declining trend was also observed in the VST. The novelty of this study lies in the presentation, for the first time, of the D2/3 receptor binding gradients in each striatal subregion in the brains of living healthy humans. The high spatial resolution provided by HRRT enables frequent sampling of BPND along the longitudinal extent of striatum; this method is superior to the sectioning used in previous post mortem studies. Regarding the functional organization of the striatum, our findings can inform future investigations of normal neurophysiology as well as efforts to differentiate neuropsychiatric disorders affecting the brain dopamine (DA) system. Furthermore, the average distribution of D2/3 receptor binding revealed in this study could serve as a basis for a database that includes distributions of various DA markers as a function of healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Alakurtti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, PO Box 52, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland.
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32
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Papenberg G, Bäckman L, Nagel IE, Nietfeld W, Schröder J, Bertram L, Heekeren HR, Lindenberger U, Li SC. Dopaminergic Gene Polymorphisms Affect Long-term Forgetting in Old Age: Further Support for the Magnification Hypothesis. J Cogn Neurosci 2013; 25:571-9. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Emerging evidence from animal studies suggests that suboptimal dopamine (DA) modulation may be associated with increased forgetting of episodic information. Extending these observations, we investigated the influence of DA-relevant genes on forgetting in samples of younger (n = 433, 20–31 years) and older (n = 690, 59–71 years) adults. The effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms of the DA D2 (DRD2) and D3 (DRD3) receptor genes as well as the DA transporter gene (DAT1; SLC6A3) were examined. Over the course of one week, older adults carrying two or three genotypes associated with higher DA signaling (i.e., higher availability of DA and DA receptors) forgot less pictorial information than older individuals carrying only one or no beneficial genotype. No such genetic effects were found in younger adults. The results are consistent with the view that genetic effects on cognition are magnified in old age. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to relate genotypes associated with suboptimal DA modulation to more long-term forgetting in humans. Independent replication studies in other populations are needed to confirm the observed association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Papenberg
- 1Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- 2Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Irene E. Nagel
- 1Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- 4Freie Universität Berlin
| | | | - Julia Schröder
- 3Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- 5Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Bertram
- 3Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hauke R. Heekeren
- 1Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- 4Freie Universität Berlin
| | | | - Shu-Chen Li
- 1Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- 6TU Dresden
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Nature or nurture? Determining the heritability of human striatal dopamine function: an [18F]-DOPA PET study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:485-91. [PMID: 23093224 PMCID: PMC3547199 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Striatal dopamine function is important for normal personality, cognitive processes and behavior, and abnormalities are linked to a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, no studies have examined the relative influence of genetic inheritance and environmental factors in determining striatal dopamine function. Using [18F]-DOPA positron emission tomography (PET), we sought to determine the heritability of presynaptic striatal dopamine function by comparing variability in uptake values in same sex monozygotic (MZ) twins to dizygotic (DZ) twins. Nine MZ and 10 DZ twin pairs underwent high-resolution [18F]-DOPA PET to assess presynaptic striatal dopamine function. Uptake values for the overall striatum and functional striatal subdivisions were determined by a Patlak analysis using a cerebellar reference region. Heritability, shared environmental effects and non-shared individual-specific effects were estimated using a region of interest (ROI) analysis and a confirmatory parametric analysis. Overall striatal heritability estimates from the ROI and parametric analyses were 0.44 and 0.33, respectively. We found a distinction between striatal heritability in the functional subdivisions, with the greatest heritability estimates occurring in the sensorimotor striatum and the greatest effect of individual-specific environmental factors in the limbic striatum. Our results indicate that variation in overall presynaptic striatal dopamine function is determined by a combination of genetic factors and individual-specific environmental factors, with familial environmental effects having no effect. These findings underline the importance of individual-specific environmental factors for striatal dopaminergic function, particularly in the limbic striatum, with implications for understanding neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and addictions.
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Abstract
Activation of the hippocampus is required to encode memories for new events (or episodes). Observations from animal studies suggest that, for these memories to persist beyond 4-6 h, a release of dopamine generated by strong hippocampal activation is needed. This predicts that dopaminergic enhancement should improve human episodic memory persistence also for events encoded with weak hippocampal activation. Here, using pharmacological functional MRI (fMRI) in an elderly population in which there is a loss of dopamine neurons as part of normal aging, we show this very effect. The dopamine precursor levodopa led to a dose-dependent (inverted U-shape) persistent episodic memory benefit for images of scenes when tested after 6 h, independent of whether encoding-related hippocampal fMRI activity was weak or strong (U-shaped dose-response relationship). This lasting improvement even for weakly encoded events supports a role for dopamine in human episodic memory consolidation, albeit operating within a narrow dose range.
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Aging magnifies the effects of dopamine transporter and D2 receptor genes on backward serial memory. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:358.e1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Simonyan K, Herscovitch P, Horwitz B. Speech-induced striatal dopamine release is left lateralized and coupled to functional striatal circuits in healthy humans: a combined PET, fMRI and DTI study. Neuroimage 2012; 70:21-32. [PMID: 23277111 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable progress has been recently made in understanding the brain mechanisms underlying speech and language control. However, the neurochemical underpinnings of normal speech production remain largely unknown. We investigated the extent of striatal endogenous dopamine release and its influences on the organization of functional striatal speech networks during production of meaningful English sentences using a combination of positron emission tomography (PET) with the dopamine D(2)/D(3) receptor radioligand [(11)C]raclopride and functional MRI (fMRI). In addition, we used diffusion tensor tractography (DTI) to examine the extent of dopaminergic modulatory influences on striatal structural network organization. We found that, during sentence production, endogenous dopamine was released in the ventromedial portion of the dorsal striatum, in both its associative and sensorimotor functional divisions. In the associative striatum, speech-induced dopamine release established a significant relationship with neural activity and influenced the left-hemispheric lateralization of striatal functional networks. In contrast, there were no significant effects of endogenous dopamine release on the lateralization of striatal structural networks. Our data provide the first evidence for endogenous dopamine release in the dorsal striatum during normal speaking and point to the possible mechanisms behind the modulatory influences of dopamine on the organization of functional brain circuits controlling normal human speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Simonyan
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Aging-related increases in behavioral variability: relations to losses of dopamine D1 receptors. J Neurosci 2012; 32:8186-91. [PMID: 22699899 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5474-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraindividual variability (IIV) reflects within-person changes in performance, such as trial-by-trial fluctuations on a reaction-time (RT) task. The neural underpinnings of IIV remain largely unknown. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is of particular interest here, as human populations that exhibit DA alterations, such as the elderly, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children, persons with schizophrenia, and Parkinson patients, also show increased behavioral IIV. We examined links between DA D(1) binding potential (BP) in multiple brain regions and IIV for the control and interference conditions of the Multi-Source Interference Task (MSIT), tapping the cingulo-fronto-parietal attention network. Participants were 18 young and 20 healthy old adults. PET and the radioligand [(11)C]SCH23390 were used to determine D(1) BP. The intraindividual standard deviation (ISD) was computed across successful latency trials of the MSIT conditions, independent of mean RT differences due to age, trial, and condition. Increasing ISDs were associated with increasing age and diminished D(1) binding in several brain regions (anterior cingulate gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and parietal cortex) for the interference, but not control, condition. Analyses of partial associations indicate that the association between age and IIV in the interference condition was linked to D(1) receptor losses in task-relevant brain regions. These findings suggest that dysfunctional DA modulation may contribute to increased variability in cognitive performance among older adults.
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Chronic haloperidol-induced spatial memory deficits accompany the upregulation of D(1) and D(2) receptors in the caudate putamen of C57BL/6 mouse. Life Sci 2012; 91:322-8. [PMID: 22884478 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Haloperidol (HAL) is an antipsychotic drug that has high affinities to the dopamine D(2), but low affinities to D(1) receptors in the brain. Of brain regions, caudate putamen (CP) has the highest levels of the D(1) and D(2) receptors. In this study we evaluated the spatial memory of C57BL/6 mice following chronic administration of HAL and measured levels of D(1) and D(2) receptors in specific brain regions, with the hypothesis that the D(1) and D(2) receptors in CP are important players in spatial memory function of the brain. MAIN METHODS C57BL/6 mice received daily intraperitoneal injections of saline or HAL at 1.0 or 2.0mg/kg/day for 3 or 6 weeks. Two days after the last injection, spontaneous alternation of mice in a Y-maze was evaluated to measure their exploratory behavior and spatial working memory. The Morris water maze test was performed to measure their spatial learning and memory. D(1) and D(2) receptors in specific brain regions were measured by Western-blot analysis. KEY FINDINGS HAL treatment for 6 weeks decreased the spontaneous alternation of mice in Y-maze, altered the acquisition process and impaired spatial memory in Morris water maze. The same treatment increased levels of D(1) and D(2) receptors in CP and up-regulated D(2) receptors in the hippocampus, but did not change the receptors in the prefrontal cortex. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that the D(1) and D(2) receptors in CP are among the main targets of HAL and the receptors in CP play an important role in spatial learning and memory.
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Abstract
The early developments of brain positron emission tomography (PET), including the methodological advances that have driven progress, are outlined. The considerable past achievements of brain PET have been summarized in collaboration with contributing experts in specific clinical applications including cerebrovascular disease, movement disorders, dementia, epilepsy, schizophrenia, addiction, depression and anxiety, brain tumors, drug development, and the normal healthy brain. Despite a history of improving methodology and considerable achievements, brain PET research activity is not growing and appears to have diminished. Assessments of the reasons for decline are presented and strategies proposed for reinvigorating brain PET research. Central to this is widening the access to advanced PET procedures through the introduction of lower cost cyclotron and radiochemistry technologies. The support and expertize of the existing major PET centers, and the recruitment of new biologists, bio-mathematicians and chemists to the field would be important for such a revival. New future applications need to be identified, the scope of targets imaged broadened, and the developed expertize exploited in other areas of medical research. Such reinvigoration of the field would enable PET to continue making significant contributions to advance the understanding of the normal and diseased brain and support the development of advanced treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Jones
- PET Research Advisory Company, 8 Prestbury Road, Wilmslow, Cheshire SK9 2LJ, UK.
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40
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Wong PCM, Morgan-Short K, Ettlinger M, Zheng J. Linking neurogenetics and individual differences in language learning: the dopamine hypothesis. Cortex 2012; 48:1091-102. [PMID: 22565204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fundamental advances in neuroscience have come from investigations into neuroplasticity and learning. These investigations often focus on identifying universal principles across different individuals of the same species. Increasingly, individual differences in learning success have also been observed, such that any seemingly universal principle might only be applicable to a certain extent within a particular learner. One potential source of this variation is individuals' genetic differences. Adult language learning provides a unique opportunity for understanding individual differences and genetic bases of neuroplasticity because of the large individual differences in learning success that have already been documented, and because of the body of empirical work connecting language learning and neurocognition. In this article, we review the literature on the genetic bases of neurocognition, especially studies examining polymorphisms of dopamine (DA)-related genes and procedural learning. This review leads us to hypothesize that there may be an association between DA-related genetic variation and language learning differences. If this hypothesis is supported by future empirical findings we suggest that it may point to neurogenetic markers that allow for language learning to be personalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C M Wong
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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41
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Relationship of dopamine D1 receptor binding in striatal and extrastriatal regions to cognitive functioning in healthy humans. Neuroimage 2011; 57:346-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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The roles of dopamine and noradrenaline in the pathophysiology and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69:e145-57. [PMID: 21550021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Through neuromodulatory influences over fronto-striato-cerebellar circuits, dopamine and noradrenaline play important roles in high-level executive functions often reported to be impaired in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Medications used in the treatment of ADHD (including methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine and atomoxetine) act to increase brain catecholamine levels. However, the precise prefrontal cortical and subcortical mechanisms by which these agents exert their therapeutic effects remain to be fully specified. Herein, we review and discuss the present state of knowledge regarding the roles of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline in the regulation of corticostriatal circuits, with a focus on the molecular neuroimaging literature (both in ADHD patients and in healthy subjects). Recent positron emission tomography evidence has highlighted the utility of quantifying DA markers, at baseline or following drug administration, in striatal subregions governed by differential cortical connectivity. This approach opens the possibility of characterizing the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD (and associated cognitive dysfunction) and its treatment by targeting specific neural circuits. It is anticipated that the application of refined and novel positron emission tomography methodology will help to disentangle the overlapping and dissociable contributions of DA and noradrenaline in the prefrontal cortex, thereby aiding our understanding of ADHD and facilitating new treatments.
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43
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Higher intraindividual variability is associated with more forgetting and dedifferentiated memory functions in old age. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:1879-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rieckmann A, Karlsson S, Karlsson P, Brehmer Y, Fischer H, Farde L, Nyberg L, Bäckman L. Dopamine D1 receptor associations within and between dopaminergic pathways in younger and elderly adults: links to cognitive performance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 21:2023-32. [PMID: 21258043 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Age-related dopamine (DA) losses have been extensively demonstrated for the D2 receptor subtype. Comparatively little is known about adult age changes regarding D1 receptors. In this study, we demonstrate marked age-related D1 receptor losses in striatal, limbic, and cortical areas using positron emission tomography and the radioligand [(11)C]SCH23390 in humans. Interregional correlations of binding potential (BP) values were high for areas within DA pathways in younger and elderly adults alike. Furthermore, interregional correlations in D1 BP between DA pathways were uniformly high in younger adults, indicating that D1 receptor densities in striatal, limbic, and cortical areas are not regulated independently, despite dopaminergic innervation from different midbrain areas. For elderly adults, between-pathway correlations of D1 receptor densities were preserved only between mesolimbic and mesocortical areas, whereas striatal BPs were weakly related to those in limbic and neocortical regions. Importantly, weak between-pathway correlations in elderly adults were found only for the slower half of the sample when BP was estimated during a cognitive interference task. These results suggest that D1 receptor densities in different pathways are not regulated independently in younger adults, but segregate in older age, and that this segregation of D1 receptor systems may be related to age-related cognitive slowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rieckmann
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institute, SE-113 30 Stockholm, Sweden.
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del Campo N, Tait RJ, Acosta-Cabronero J, Hong YT, Izquierdo-Garcia D, Smith R, Aigbirhio FI, Sahakian BJ, Müller U, Robbins TW, Fryer TD. Quantification of receptor-ligand binding potential in sub-striatal domains using probabilistic and template regions of interest. Neuroimage 2010; 55:101-12. [PMID: 21126591 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-striatal regions of interest (ROIs) are widely used in PET studies to investigate the role of dopamine in the modulation of neural networks implicated in emotion, cognition and motor function. One common approach is that of Mawlawi et al. (2001) and Martinez et al. (2003), where each striatum is divided into five sub-regions. This study focuses on the use of two spatial normalization-based alternatives to manual sub-striatal ROI delineation per subject: manual ROI delineation on a template brain and the production of probabilistic ROIs from a set of subject-specific manually delineated ROIs. Two spatial normalization algorithms were compared: SPM5 unified segmentation and ART. The ability of these methods to quantify sub-striatal regional non-displaceable binding potential (BP(ND)) and BP(ND) % change (following methylphenidate) was tested on 32 subjects (16 controls and 16 ADHD patients) scanned with the dopamine D(2)/D(3) ligand [(18)F]fallypride. Probabilistic ROIs produced by ART provided the best results, with similarity index values against subject-specific manual ROIs of 0.75-0.89 (mean 0.84) compared to 0.70-0.85 (mean 0.79) for template ROIs. Correlations (r) for BP(ND) and BP(ND) % change between subject-specific manual ROIs and these probabilistic ROIs of 0.90-0.98 (mean 0.95) and 0.98-1.00 (mean 0.99) respectively were superior overall to those obtained with template ROIs, although only marginally so for BP(ND) % change. The significance of relationships between BP(ND) measures and both behavioural tasks and methylphenidate plasma levels was preserved with ART combined with both probabilistic and template ROIs. SPM5 virtually matched the performance of ART for BP(ND) % change estimation but was inferior for BP(ND) estimation in caudate sub-regions. ART spatial normalization combined with probabilistic ROIs and to a lesser extent template ROIs provides an efficient and accurate alternative to time-consuming manual sub-striatal ROI delineation per subject, especially when the parameter of interest is BP(ND) % change.
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Asensio S, Romero MJ, Romero FJ, Wong C, Alia-Klein N, Tomasi D, Wang GJ, Telang F, Volkow ND, Goldstein RZ. Striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability predicts the thalamic and medial prefrontal responses to reward in cocaine abusers three years later. Synapse 2010; 64:397-402. [PMID: 20034014 DOI: 10.1002/syn.20741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of dopamine (DA) D2 receptor availability at a resting baseline have been previously reported in drug addicted individuals and have been associated with reduced ventral and dorsal prefrontal metabolism. The reduction in DA D2 receptor availability along with the reduced ventral frontal metabolism is thought to underlie compromised sensitivity to nondrug reward, a core characteristic of drug addiction. We therefore hypothesized that variability in DA D2 receptor availability at baseline will covary with dynamic responses to monetary reward in addicted individuals. Striatal DA D2 receptor availability was measured with [(11)C]raclopride and positron emission tomography and response to monetary reward was measured (an average of three years later) with functional magnetic resonance imaging in seven cocaine-addicted individuals. Results show that low DA D2 receptor availability in the dorsal striatum was associated with decreased thalamic response to monetary reward; while low availability in ventral striatum was associated with increased medial prefrontal (Brodmann Area 6/8/32) response to monetary reward. These preliminary results, that need to be replicated in larger sample sizes and validated with healthy controls, suggest that resting striatal DA D2 receptor availability predicts variability in functional responses to a nondrug reinforcer (money) in prefrontal cortex, implicated in behavioral monitoring, and in thalamus, implicated in conditioned responses and expectation, in cocaine-addicted individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Asensio
- Instituto de Drogas y Conductas Adictivas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Avda. Seminario s/n 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Dopamine D2 receptor density in the limbic striatum is related to implicit but not explicit movement sequence learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:7574-9. [PMID: 20368439 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0911805107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature suggests that motor sequence learning involves dopamine-modulated plastic processes in the basal ganglia. Sequence learning can occur both implicitly, without conscious awareness and intention to learn, and explicitly, i.e., under conscious control. Here, we investigated whether individual differences in implicit and explicit sequence learning of movement sequences in a group of 15 healthy participants are related to dopamine D2 receptor densities in functional subregions of the striatum. Sequence learning was assessed using the serial reaction time task, and measures of implicit and explicit knowledge were estimated using a process dissociation procedure. Correlation analyses were performed between these measures and D2 receptor densities, which had been measured previously with positron emission tomography. Striatal D2 densities were negatively related to measures of sequence learning. In the limbic subregion, D2 densities were specifically related to implicit but not explicit learning. These findings suggest that individual differences in striatal DA function underlie differences in sequence learning ability and support that implicit and explicit sequence learning depend on partly distinct neural circuitry. The findings are also in line with the general view that implicit learning systems are evolutionarily primitive and tend to rely more on phylogenetically old neural circuitry than does explicit learning and cognition.
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Linking cognitive aging to alterations in dopamine neurotransmitter functioning: Recent data and future avenues. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 34:670-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cervenka S, Gustavsson JP, Halldin C, Farde L. Association between striatal and extrastriatal dopamine D2-receptor binding and social desirability. Neuroimage 2010; 50:323-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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50
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Reeves S, Mehta M, Howard R, Grasby P, Brown R. The dopaminergic basis of cognitive and motor performance in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 37:477-82. [PMID: 19914378 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial role of corticostriatal dopaminergic networks in cognitive and motor processes has been well established but largely unexplored in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study investigated the relationship between striatal DA (D(2)) receptor availability and specific aspects of cognitive (sustained visual attention, spatial planning, word recognition) and motor (speed and dexterity) function in 24 people with mild to moderate AD. In vivo dopamine DA (D(2)) receptor availability was determined with [(11)C] raclopride (RAC) positron emission tomography (PET). Imaging data were analysed using both region of interest (ROI) and voxel-based approaches. Higher [(11)C] RAC binding was associated with increased motor speed and, paradoxically, poorer attentional performance. These findings are broadly consistent with previously conducted studies in healthy older adults and would suggest that the use of DA (D(2)) receptor agonists as an adjunctive treatment strategy in AD may have dissociable effects upon cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Reeves
- Section of Old Age Psychiatry, MRC Centre for Neurodegeneration Research, Institute of Psychiatry at King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, UK.
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