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Zwilling CE, Wu J, Barbey AK. Investigating nutrient biomarkers of healthy brain aging: a multimodal brain imaging study. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38773079 PMCID: PMC11109270 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The emerging field of Nutritional Cognitive Neuroscience aims to uncover specific foods and nutrients that promote healthy brain aging. Central to this effort is the discovery of nutrient profiles that can be targeted in nutritional interventions designed to promote brain health with respect to multimodal neuroimaging measures of brain structure, function, and metabolism. The present study therefore conducted one of the largest and most comprehensive nutrient biomarker studies examining multimodal neuroimaging measures of brain health within a sample of 100 older adults. To assess brain health, a comprehensive battery of well-established cognitive and brain imaging measures was administered, along with 13 blood-based biomarkers of diet and nutrition. The findings of this study revealed distinct patterns of aging, categorized into two phenotypes of brain health based on hierarchical clustering. One phenotype demonstrated an accelerated rate of aging, while the other exhibited slower-than-expected aging. A t-test analysis of dietary biomarkers that distinguished these phenotypes revealed a nutrient profile with higher concentrations of specific fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins. Study participants with this nutrient profile demonstrated better cognitive scores and delayed brain aging, as determined by a t-test of the means. Notably, participant characteristics such as demographics, fitness levels, and anthropometrics did not account for the observed differences in brain aging. Therefore, the nutrient pattern identified by the present study motivates the design of neuroscience-guided dietary interventions to promote healthy brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Zwilling
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jisheng Wu
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Decision Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Wang J, Xu X, Wu Q, Zhou C, Yang G. The mediating effect of subject well-being between physical activity and the internet addiction of college students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1368199. [PMID: 38645442 PMCID: PMC11026853 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1368199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Internet addiction poses a significant threat to the health of college students worldwide, but physical activity, as a highly safe and effective rehabilitative measure, has shown promise for alleviating this issue nowadays. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the mediating processes in this association remained unclear. This study aims to explore the impact of physical activity on internet addiction among college students and the mediating role of subjective well-being. Methods A survey was conducted on 216 eligible college students using the physical activity level scale, the internet addiction test, and the subjective well-being scale. For data analysis, independent sample t-tests, correlation analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and mediating effect tests were in turn carried out in this work. Results The study revealed noteworthy gender disparities in physical activity and internet addiction among college students (β = -0.356, p < 0.01; β = 0.140, p < 0.05). Compared to females, male students manifest elevated levels of physical activity and lower scores in internet addiction. Physical activity and subjective well-being exerted a significantly negative predictive influence on internet addiction (β = -0.162, p < 0.05; β = -0.508, p < 0.001). What's more, subjective well-being assumed a crucial mediating role in the relationship between physical activity and internet addiction, with the mediating effect accounting for 72.81% of the total effect. Conclusion This study deepens the understanding of how physical activity reduces internet addiction risk while emphasizing that enhancing subjective well-being is an effective strategy for college students to cope with Internet addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Wang
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Xu
- School of Finance and Economy, Guangdong Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinmei Wu
- School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guan Yang
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zou C, Amos-Richards D, Jagannathan R, Kulshreshtha A. Effect of home-based lifestyle interventions on cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:200. [PMID: 38413870 PMCID: PMC10900825 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is frequently a precursor to dementia, affecting aspects of cognition such as language, thinking, or memory. Lifestyle interventions are increasingly studied as potential means to slow the progression from MCI to dementia. OBJECTIVE A systematic review was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of home-based lifestyle interventions in reducing cognitive decline in older adults with MCI. METHODS A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to identify home-based lifestyle interventions for individuals with MCI from 1980 to 2023. These interventions were either single-component or multi-component and included diet, physical activity, stress-reduction, or cognitive stimulation treatments to assess their impact on cognition. We performed a comprehensive search in the PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, and MEDLINE databases. RESULTS From 320 abstracts, 20 (6.25%) studies met the criteria for inclusion, with five multi-component and fifteen single-component studies. Eighteen home-based lifestyle interventions for MCI patients were focused on physical activity, diet, and/or cognitive training, while two studies were identified that incorporated stress reduction training as a method to improve cognitive function. Nineteen studies reported significant improvements in cognitive performance between the experimental and control groups post-intervention for at least one aspect of cognition. Four studies reported nonsignificant improvements in cognitive function between the two groups for at least one area of cognition. CONCLUSIONS Home-based lifestyle interventions have the potential to improve cognition in elderly patients with MCI. However, future RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer intervention durations are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Zou
- Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
| | | | - Ram Jagannathan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Ambar Kulshreshtha
- Department of Family and Preventative Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
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Hoffmann M, Rossi F, Benes Lima L, King C. Frontotemporal disorders: the expansive panoply of syndromes and spectrum of etiologies. Front Neurol 2024; 14:1305071. [PMID: 38264092 PMCID: PMC10803619 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1305071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Frontotemporal lobe disorders (FTD) are amongst the most common brain neurodegenerative disorders. Their relatively covert, frequently subtle presentations and diverse etiologies, pose major challenges in diagnosis and treatments. Recent studies have yielded insights that the etiology in the majority are due to environmental and sporadic causes, rather than genetic in origin. Aims To retrospectively examine the cognitive and behavioral impairments in the veteran population to garner the range of differing syndrome presentations and etiological subcategories with a specific focus on frontotemporal lobe disorders. Methodology The design is a retrospective, observational registry, case series with the collection of epidemiological, clinical, cognitive, laboratory and radiological data on people with cognitive and behavioral disorders. Inclusion criteria for entry were veterans evaluated exclusively at Orlando VA Healthcare System, neurology section, receiving a diagnosis of FTD by standard criteria, during the observation period dated from July 2016 to March 2021. Frontotemporal disorders (FTD) were delineated into five clinical 5 subtypes. Demographic, cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive, behavioral neurological, neuroimaging data and presumed etiological categories, were collected for those with a diagnosis of frontotemporal disorder. Results Of the 200 patients with FTD, further cognitive, behavioral neurological evaluation with standardized, metric testing was possible in 105 patients. Analysis of the etiological groups revealed significantly different younger age of the traumatic brain injury (TBI) and Gulf War Illness (GWI) veterans who also had higher Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) scores. The TBI group also had significantly more abnormalities of hypometabolism, noted on the PET brain scans. Behavioral neurological testing was notable for the findings that once a frontotemporal disorder had been diagnosed, the four different etiological groups consistently had abnormal FRSBE scores for the 3 principal frontal presentations of (i) abulia/apathy, (ii) disinhibition, and (iii) executive dysfunction as well as abnormal Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI) scores with no significant difference amongst the etiological groups. The most common sub-syndromes associated with frontotemporal syndromes were the Geschwind-Gastaut syndrome (GGS), Klüver-Bucy syndrome (KBS), involuntary emotional expression disorder (IEED), cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCA), traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) and prosopagnosia. Comparisons with the three principal frontal lobe syndrome clusters (abulia, disinhibition, executive dysfunction) revealed a significant association with abnormal disinhibition FRSBE T-scores with the GGS. The regression analysis supported the potential contribution of disinhibition behavior that related to this complex, relatively common behavioral syndrome in this series. The less common subsyndromes in particular, were notable, as they constituted the initial overriding, presenting symptoms and syndromes characterized into 16 separate conditions. Conclusion By deconstructing FTD into the multiple sub-syndromes and differing etiologies, this study may provide foundational insights, enabling a more targeted precision medicine approach for future studies, both in treating the sub-syndromes as well as the underlying etiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoffmann
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
- Orlando VA Healthcare System, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Fabian Rossi
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Orlando VA Healthcare System, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Lourdes Benes Lima
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, United States
| | - Christian King
- University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Zhao X, Yu J, Zhou Z. Separate and combined associations of obesity and handgrip strength with cognitive function in older adults: A national cross-sectional study in China. J Sports Sci 2024; 42:109-115. [PMID: 38388361 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2321420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the separate and combined associations of obesity and handgrip strength with cognitive function in older adults. In total 4,839 older adults were included in this cross-sectional study, and their body mass index (BMI) and handgrip strength were measured. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Three individual categories were created for BMI (normal weight: 18.5≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2 overweight: 24.0≤ BMI < 28.0 kg/m2 and obesity: BMI ≥ 28.0 kg/m2 and handgrip strength (low, normal, and high tertiles), and then these categories were pooled together. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the individual and combined associations of obesity and handgrip strength with cognitive function. Results indicated that overweight adults had a lower rate of lower cognitive function than normal weight adults. There was an inverse association between handgrip strength and cognitive function. Participants with overweight and high handgrip strength had a lower likelihood of lower cognitive function compared to those with normal weight and normal handgrip strength. The findings suggested that overweight or high handgrip strength was associated with lower odds of cognitive decline. Moreover, the concurrence of overweight and high handgrip strength had an additive effect on cognitive function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Zhao
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiabin Yu
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhexiao Zhou
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
- Research Academy of Grand Health, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
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Klimecki OM, Liebscher M, Gaubert M, Hayek D, Zarucha A, Dyrba M, Bartels C, Buerger K, Butryn M, Dechent P, Dobisch L, Ewers M, Fliessbach K, Freiesleben SD, Glanz W, Hetzer S, Janowitz D, Kilimann I, Kleineidam L, Laske C, Maier F, Munk MH, Perneczky R, Peters O, Priller J, Rauchmann BS, Roy N, Scheffler K, Schneider A, Spruth EJ, Spottke A, Teipel SJ, Wiltfang J, Wolfsgruber S, Yakupov R, Düzel E, Jessen F, Wagner M, Roeske S, Wirth M. Long-term environmental enrichment is associated with better fornix microstructure in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1170879. [PMID: 37711996 PMCID: PMC10498282 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1170879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sustained environmental enrichment (EE) through a variety of leisure activities may decrease the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. This cross-sectional cohort study investigated the association between long-term EE in young adulthood through middle life and microstructure of fiber tracts associated with the memory system in older adults. Methods N = 201 cognitively unimpaired participants (≥ 60 years of age) from the DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE) baseline cohort were included. Two groups of participants with higher (n = 104) or lower (n = 97) long-term EE were identified, using the self-reported frequency of diverse physical, intellectual, and social leisure activities between the ages 13 to 65. White matter (WM) microstructure was measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in the fornix, uncinate fasciculus, and parahippocampal cingulum using diffusion tensor imaging. Long-term EE groups (lower/higher) were compared with adjustment for potential confounders, such as education, crystallized intelligence, and socio-economic status. Results Reported participation in higher long-term EE was associated with greater fornix microstructure, as indicated by higher FA (standardized β = 0.117, p = 0.033) and lower MD (β = -0.147, p = 0.015). Greater fornix microstructure was indirectly associated (FA: unstandardized B = 0.619, p = 0.038; MD: B = -0.035, p = 0.026) with better memory function through higher long-term EE. No significant effects were found for the other WM tracts. Conclusion Our findings suggest that sustained participation in a greater variety of leisure activities relates to preserved WM microstructure in the memory system in older adults. This could be facilitated by the multimodal stimulation associated with the engagement in a physically, intellectually, and socially enriched lifestyle. Longitudinal studies will be needed to support this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Klimecki
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maxie Liebscher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Malo Gaubert
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, Rennes University Hospital Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Rennes, France
| | - Dayana Hayek
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexis Zarucha
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Dyrba
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Claudia Bartels
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Buerger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michaela Butryn
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Dechent
- Magnetic Resonance (MR)-Research in Neurosciences, Department of Cognitive Neurology, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Laura Dobisch
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ewers
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Fliessbach
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Silka Dawn Freiesleben
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Wenzel Glanz
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hetzer
- Berlin Center for Advanced Neuroimaging, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Janowitz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Section for Dementia Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias H Munk
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit (AGE), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Boris-Stephan Rauchmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Roy
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anja Schneider
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eike Jakob Spruth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steffen Wolfsgruber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Renat Yakupov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Emrah Düzel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Roeske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Miranka Wirth
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
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Andriambelo B, Stiffel M, Roke K, Plourde M. New perspectives on randomized controlled trials with omega-3 fatty acid supplements and cognition: A scoping review. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101835. [PMID: 36603691 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are known to be important components in a healthy diet and contribute to healthy functioning of the heart and the brain, among other organs. Although there are epidemiological studies on the strong relationship between fish or n-3 FA consumption and lower risk of cognitive decline, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are less consistent. Here, we performed a scoping review on RCTs with n-3 FA supplementation where cognition was evaluated. Seventy-eight RCTs published before April 2022 were included in this review. Among these RCTs, 43.6% reported a positive cognitive outcome after the consumption of n-3 FA compared to the placebo. However, there was a large diversity of populations studied (age ranges and health status), wide range of doses of EPA + DHA supplemented (79 mg/day - 5200 mg/day) and a multitude of tests evaluating cognition, mainly diagnostic tests, that were used to assess cognitive scores and overall cognitive status. RCTs were thereafter categorized into non-cognitively impaired middle-aged adults (n = 24), non-cognitively impaired older adults (n = 24), adults with subjective memory complaints (n = 14), adults with mild cognitive impairments (MCI, n = 9) and people with diagnosed dementia or other cognitive changes (n = 7). Among these categories, 66.7% of RCTs conducted with MCI adults reported a positive cognitive outcome when supplemented with n-3 FA vs. the placebo. Therefore, this scoping review provides rationale and questions to a) strengthen the design of future RCTs with n-3 FA for cognitive outcomes, and b) generate more informative data to support clinicians in their practice in assessing cognition before and after a nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Andriambelo
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - M Stiffel
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - K Roke
- GOED- Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - M Plourde
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Centre de Recherche sur le Vieillissement, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Institut de la nutrition et des aliments fonctionnels, Université Laval, QC, Canada.
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Tsiknia AA, Bergstrom J, Reas ET. Midlife omega-3 fatty acid intake predicts later life white matter microstructure in an age- and APOE-dependent manner. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2143-2151. [PMID: 35584792 PMCID: PMC9977375 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 intake has been positively associated with healthy brain aging, yet it remains unclear whether high omega-3 intake beginning early in life may optimize its protective effects against brain aging. We examined whether omega-3 intake is associated with brain microstructure over 2 decades later among dementia-free older adults. The 128 participants (62% women; age at magnetic resonance imaging: 76.6 ± 7.9) from the Rancho Bernardo Study of Healthy Aging completed at least 1 dietary assessment between 1984 and 1996 and underwent restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) 22.8 ± 3.1 years later. We evaluated associations between prior omega-3 intake and RSI metrics of gray and white matter (WM) microstructure. Higher prior omega-3 intake was associated with greater restricted diffusion in the superior cortico-striatal fasciculus. A correlation between higher prior omega-3 intake and greater cingulum restricted diffusion was stronger among participants >80 years old. Higher omega-3 intake correlated with greater restricted diffusion in the inferior longitudinal and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus more strongly for apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers than noncarriers. Associations were not modified by adjustment for dietary pattern, health, or lifestyle. High omega-3 intake in midlife may help to maintain WM integrity into older age, particularly in the latest decades of life and among APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaryllis A Tsiknia
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0841, United States
| | - Jaclyn Bergstrom
- School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Emilie T Reas
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0841, United States
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McEwen SC, Jarrahi B, Ventura J, Subotnik KL, Nguyen J, Woo SM, Nuechterlein KH. A combined exercise and cognitive training intervention induces fronto-cingulate cortical plasticity in first-episode psychosis patients. Schizophr Res 2023; 251:12-21. [PMID: 36527955 PMCID: PMC11245316 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by neurobiological and associated cognitive and functional deficits, including pronounced cortical thinning, that lead to acute and long-term functional impairment. Research with older adults supports the role of non-pharmacological interventions, such as exercise (E) and cognitive training (CT), for cognitive impairments. This literature influenced the development of combined CT&E treatments for individuals with SZ. However, the impact of longer combined treatment duration (6 months) on neuroanatomy has yet to be explored in patients in the early course of the illness. The impact of adding exercise to cognitive training for key brain regions associated with higher-order cognition was examined here using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. METHODS UCLA Aftercare Research Program patients with a recent first episode of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either combined cognitive and exercise training (CT&E) (N = 20) or cognitive training alone (CT) (N = 17) intervention. Cortical thickness was measured longitudinally and analyzed for two regions of interest using FreeSurfer. RESULTS Compared to patients in the CT group, those in the CT&E group demonstrated an increase in cortical thickness within the left anterior cingulate cortex over the six-month treatment period (ACC: F(1, 35) = 4.666, P < .04). Directional tendencies were similar in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC: F(1,35) = 4.132, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that exercise and cognitive training may synergistically increase fronto-cingulate cortical thickness to mitigate progressive neural atrophy in the early course of SZ. This combined intervention appears to be a valuable adjunct to standard pharmacologic treatment in FEP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C McEwen
- Pacific Brain Health Center, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, United States of America; atai Life Sciences, San Diego, CA, 92130, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - B Jarrahi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America; Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America
| | - J Ventura
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - K L Subotnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - J Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - S M Woo
- Graduate School of Education & Psychology, Pepperdine University, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States of America
| | - K H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America.
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Wu Y, Zang M, Wang B, Guo W. Does the combination of exercise and cognitive training improve working memory in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15108. [PMID: 37065695 PMCID: PMC10100799 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive functioning is dependent on working memory and a decline in working memory is the main cause of cognitive aging. Many studies have suggested that physical exercise or cognitive intervention can effectively improve working memory in the elderly. However, it is still unknown whether a combination of exercise and cognitive training (CECT) is more effective than either intervention alone. The present systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to evaluate the effect of CECT on working memory in the elderly. Methods The review was registered in the International Prospective Systematic Review (PROSPERO, CRD42021290138). Systematic searches were conducted on Web of Science, Elsevier Science, PubMed and Google Scholar. The data were extracted according to the PICOS framework. Comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software was used to perform the meta-analysis, moderator analysis and publication bias testing. Results The current meta-analysis included 21 randomized controlled trials (RCT). Results showed that CECT had a significantly greater impact on working memory in older adults compared to no intervention groups (SMD = 0.29, 95% CI [0.14-0.44], p < 0.01), with no significant difference between CECT and exercise (SMD = 0.16, 95% CI [-0.04-0.35], p = 0.12) or cognitive intervention alone (SMD = 0.08, 95% CI [-0.13-0.30], p = 0.44). Furthermore, the positive effect of CECT was moderated by intervention frequency and cognitive state. Conclusions The CECT can effectively improve working memory of older adults, but the effect of CECT compared to single intervention needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Wu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zang
- College of Electrical Engineering, Chuzhou Polytechnic, Chuzhou, China
| | - Biye Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Sports, Exercise and Brain, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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11
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Ibrahim A, Mat Ludin AF, Singh DKA, Rajab NF, Shahar S. Changes in cardiovascular-health blood biomarkers in response to exercise intervention among older adults with cognitive frailty: A scoping review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1077078. [PMID: 36875037 PMCID: PMC9975543 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1077078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular health contributes significantly to the incidence of cognitive impairment. Prior to conducting exercise-related intervention, it is crucial to explore cardiovascular health blood parameters that have been commonly used as guidance for the purpose of monitoring. Information on the effectiveness of exercise on cardiovascular-related biomarkers is lacking, especially among older adults with cognitive frailty. Therefore, we aimed to review existing evidence on cardiovascular-related blood parameters and their changes following exercise intervention among older adults with cognitive frailty. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases. Related studies involving only human and full text in either English or Malay language were selected. Types of impairment were limited to cognitive impairment, frailty, and cognitive frailty. Studies were restricted to randomized controlled trial and clinical trial design studies. For charting purposes, all variables were extracted and tabulated. Trends in types of parameters studied were explored. Results: A total of 607 articles were screened, and the final 16 were included in this review. Four cardiovascular-related blood parameter categories were extracted: inflammatory, glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, and hemostatic biomarkers. The common parameters monitored were IGF-1 and HbA1c, glucose, and insulin sensitivity in some studies. Out of the nine studies on inflammatory biomarkers, exercise interventions showed a reduction in pro-inflammatory markers, namely, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-15, leptin, and C-reactive protein and an increase in anti-inflammatory markers, namely, IFN-γ and IL-10. Similarly, in all eight studies, glucose homeostasis-related biomarkers had improved with exercise intervention. The lipid profile was tested in five studies, with four studies showing improvements with exercise intervention via a decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein and an increase in high-density lipoprotein. A decrease in pro-inflammatory biomarkers and an increase in anti-inflammatory biomarkers were demonstrated with multicomponent exercise, including aerobic exercise in six studies and aerobic exercise on its own in the remaining two studies. Meanwhile, four out of six studies that yielded improvements in glucose homeostasis biomarkers involved only aerobic exercise and the remaining two studies involved multicomponent with aerobic exercise. Conclusion: The most consistent blood parameters studied were glucose homeostasis and inflammatory biomarkers. These parameters have been shown to improve with multicomponent exercise programs, particularly with the inclusion of aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azianah Ibrahim
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Satizabal CL, Himali JJ, Beiser AS, Ramachandran V, Melo van Lent D, Himali D, Aparicio HJ, Maillard P, DeCarli CS, Harris WS, Seshadri S. Association of Red Blood Cell Omega-3 Fatty Acids With MRI Markers and Cognitive Function in Midlife: The Framingham Heart Study. Neurology 2022; 99:e2572-e2582. [PMID: 36198518 PMCID: PMC9754651 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Diet may be a key contributor to brain health in midlife. In particular, omega-3 fatty acids have been related to better neurologic outcomes in older adults. However, studies focusing on midlife are lacking. We investigated the cross-sectional association of red blood cell (RBC) omega-3 fatty acid concentrations with MRI and cognitive markers of brain aging in a community-based sample of predominantly middle-aged adults and further explore effect modification by APOE genotype. METHODS We included participants from the Third-Generation and Omni 2 cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study attending their second examination. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations were measured from RBC using gas chromatography, and the Omega-3 index was calculated as EPA + DHA. We used linear regression models to relate omega-3 fatty acid concentrations to brain MRI measures (i.e., total brain, total gray matter, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensity volumes) and cognitive function (i.e., episodic memory, processing speed, executive function, and abstract reasoning) adjusting for potential confounders. We further tested for interactions between omega-3 fatty acid levels and APOE genotype (e4 carrier vs noncarrier) on MRI and cognitive outcomes. RESULTS We included 2,183 dementia-free and stroke-free participants (mean age of 46 years, 53% women, 22% APOE-e4 carriers). In multivariable models, higher Omega-3 index was associated with larger hippocampal volumes (standard deviation unit beta ±standard error; 0.003 ± 0.001, p = 0.013) and better abstract reasoning (0.17 ± 0.07, p = 0.013). Similar results were obtained for DHA or EPA concentrations individually. Stratification by APOE-e4 status showed associations between higher DHA concentrations or Omega-3 index and larger hippocampal volumes in APOE-e4 noncarriers, whereas higher EPA concentrations were related to better abstract reasoning in APOE-e4 carriers. Finally, higher levels of all omega-3 predictors were related to lower white matter hyperintensity burden but only in APOE-e4 carriers. DISCUSSION Our results, albeit exploratory, suggest that higher omega-3 fatty acid concentrations are related to better brain structure and cognitive function in a predominantly middle-aged cohort free of clinical dementia. These associations differed by APOE genotype, suggesting potentially different metabolic patterns by APOE status. Additional studies in middle-aged populations are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia L Satizabal
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD.
| | - Jayandra Jung Himali
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Vasan Ramachandran
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Debora Melo van Lent
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Dibya Himali
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Hugo J Aparicio
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Pauline Maillard
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Charles S DeCarli
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - William S Harris
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- From the Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative Diseases (C.L.S., J.J.H., D.M.L., S.S.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Population Health Sciences (C.L.S., J.J.H.), UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX; Department of Neurology (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., D.M.L., H.J.A., S.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; The Framingham Heart Study (C.L.S., J.J.H., A.S.B., V.R., D.M.L., D.H., H.J.A., S.S.), Framingham, MA; Department of Biostatistics (J.J.H., A.S.B.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine (V.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology (V.R.), Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Center for Computing and Data Sciences (V.R.), Boston University, Boston, MA; Imaging of Dementia and Aging Laboratory and Center for Neurosciences (P.M., C.S.D.), Davis, CA; Department of Neurology (C.S.D.), UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Sanford School of Medicine (W.S.H.), University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD; and Fatty Acid Research Institute (W.S.H.), Sioux Falls, SD
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Ahn S, Chung JW, Crane MK, Bassett DR, Anderson JG. The Effects of Multi-Domain Interventions on Cognition: A Systematic Review. West J Nurs Res 2022; 44:1134-1154. [PMID: 34261376 DOI: 10.1177/01939459211032272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to evaluate the effects of multi-domain interventions on cognition among individuals without dementia. Multi-domain interventions refer to those combining any single preventive measure such as physical activity, cognitive training, and/or nutrition to prevent dementia. Seventeen studies were included (n = 10,056 total participants; mean age = 73 years), eight of which were rated as strong in quality while the other nine showed moderate quality. The standardized mean difference (SMD; d) was used to calculate the effect size for each included study. Multi-domain interventions consisting of physical activity, cognitive training, cardioprotective nutrition, and/or cardiovascular health education exerted beneficial effects on global cognition, episodic memory, and/or executive function with very small to moderate effect sizes (0.16-0.77). Nurses may consider combining these components to potentially stave off dementia. Future research is warranted to identify the optimal multi-domain intervention components that can induce clinically significant beneficial effects on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Ahn
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jae Woo Chung
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - David R Bassett
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Joel G Anderson
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Perus L, Busto GU, Mangin JF, Le Bars E, Gabelle A. Effects of preventive interventions on neuroimaging biomarkers in subjects at-risk to develop Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1014559. [PMID: 36506466 PMCID: PMC9730537 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1014559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a multifactorial and complex neurodegenerative disorder. Some modifiable risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of appearance of the disease and/or cognitive decline. Preventive clinical trials aiming at reducing one or combined risk factors have been implemented and their potential effects assessed on cognitive trajectories and on AD biomarkers. However, the effect of interventions on surrogate markers, in particular imaging biomarkers, remains poorly understood. We conducted a review of the literature and analyzed 43 interventional studies that included physical exercise, nutrition, cognitive training or multidomain interventions, and assessed various brain imaging biomarkers, to determine the effects of preventive interventions on imaging biomarkers for subjects at-risk to develop AD. Deciphering the global and regional brain effect of each and combined interventions will help to better understand the interplay relationship between multimodal interventions, cognition, surrogate brain markers, and to better design primary and secondary outcomes for future preventive clinical trials. Those studies were pondered using generally-admitted quality criteria to reveal that interventions may affect the brain of patients with cognitive impairment rather than those without cognitive impairment thus indicating that particular care should be taken when selecting individuals for interventions. Additionally, a majority of the studies concurred on the effect of the interventions and particularly onto the frontal brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Perus
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, Memory Resources and Research Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CATI, US52-UAR2031, CEA, ICM, SU, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Ile de France, France
| | - Germain U. Busto
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, Memory Resources and Research Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Mangin
- CATI, US52-UAR2031, CEA, ICM, SU, CNRS, INSERM, APHP, Ile de France, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, UMR9027 Baobab, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuelle Le Bars
- Institut d'Imagerie Fonctionnelle Humaine, I2FH, Department of Neuroradiology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, Memory Resources and Research Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Montpellier, France
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15
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Miao Y, Cui L, Li J, Chen Y, Xie X, Guo Q. Cognitive Improvement After Multi-Domain Lifestyle Interventions in an APOE ɛ4 Homozygous Carrier with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Case Report and Literature Review. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:1131-1142. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system with insidious onset and chronic progression. The pathogenesis of AD is complex, which is currently considered to be the result of the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. The APOE ɛ4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD and a risk factor for progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD. So far, no effective drugs have been found for the progression of MCI. However, the effects of nonpharmacological interventions such as nutrition, cognitive, and physical exercises on early AD have received increasing attention. We followed up cognitive assessment scales, Aβ-PET and MRI examination of a patient with MCI for 4 years, who carried APOE ɛ4 homozygous with a clear family history. After 4 years of multi-domain lifestyle interventions including nutrition, socialization, and physical exercises, the patient’s cognitive function, especially memory function, improved significantly. Intracerebral amyloid deposition was decreased, and hippocampal atrophy improved. Based on this case, this study reviewed and discussed the interaction of APOE ɛ4 with the environment in AD research in recent years, as well as the impact and mechanisms of non-pharmaceutical multi-domain lifestyle interventions on MCI or early AD. Both the literature review and this case showed that multi-domain lifestyle interventions may reduce the risk of disease progression by reducing Aβ deposition in the brain and other different pathologic mechanisms, which offers promise in brain amyloid-positivity or APOE ɛ4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Cui
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junpeng Li
- PET Center, Fudan University Affiliated Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangqing Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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16
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Boku Y, Ota M, Nemoto M, Numata Y, Kitabatake A, Takahashi T, Nemoto K, Tamura M, Sekine A, Ide M, Kaneda Y, Arai T. Effects of a multicomponent day-care program on cerebral blood flow in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:478-484. [PMID: 35534913 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal phase of dementia and is considered an important period for intervention to prevent conversion to dementia. It has been well established that multicomponent day-care programs including exercise training, cognitive intervention and music therapy have beneficial effects on cognition, but the effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in MCI remain unknown. This study examined whether a multicomponent day-care program would have beneficial effects on the longitudinal changes of CBF in MCI patients. METHODS Participants were 24 patients with MCI attending a day-care program; they underwent two 99 mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer single photon emission computed tomography scans during the study period. We evaluated the association between the changes of regional cerebral blood flow and the attendance rate. RESULTS There was a significant negative correlation between the reduction of regional CBF in the right parietal region and the attendance rate. We found no significant relation between the baseline CBF images and the attendance rate. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that continuous participation in a multicomponent day-care program might prevent reduction in brain activity in patients with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshun Boku
- Department of Psychiatry, Degree Programs in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takumi Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Tamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Aya Sekine
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ide
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneda
- University of Tsukuba Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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17
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Mai Ba H, Kim J. The Effects of Combined Physical and Cognitive Interventions on Direct and Indirect Fall Outcomes for the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10050862. [PMID: 35628001 PMCID: PMC9140643 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10050862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review was intended to determine the effectiveness of physical and cognitive training (PCT) on falls and fall-related factors and cognitive function among community-dwelling elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A systematic literature search was performed of the MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Sciences, Scopus, ProQuest, Embase, and Google Scholar databases for articles published from 2010 to 2020. The studies that combined PCT to assess their impacts on fall outcomes both directly and indirectly were included. Study quality was assessed using the standardized JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for RCTs. The standardized data extraction tool from JBI-MAStARI was used to extract data of included studies. Seven RCTs involving 740 participants were included. The overall fall incidence did not significantly decrease after the interventions. However, PCT significantly impacted the cognitive function and physical activities of elderly people with MCI, particularly improving their balancing ability, gait speed, muscular strength, and executive functions. This study indicated that combining PCT improves balance ability, gait speed, and executive functioning in the elderly with MCI, which may help to minimize fall occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Mai Ba
- Faculty of Nursing, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 49000, Vietnam; or
| | - Jiyun Kim
- School of Nursing, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-820-4226
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18
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Salzman T, Sarquis-Adamson Y, Son S, Montero-Odasso M, Fraser S. Associations of Multidomain Interventions With Improvements in Cognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e226744. [PMID: 35503222 PMCID: PMC9066287 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have the highest risk of progressing to dementia. Evidence suggests that nonpharmacological, single-domain interventions can prevent or delay progressive declines, but it is unclear whether greater cognitive benefits arise from multidomain interventions. OBJECTIVE To determine whether multidomain interventions, composed of 2 or more interventions, are associated with greater improvements in cognition among older adults with MCI than a single intervention on its own. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, AgeLine, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from database inception to December 20, 2021. STUDY SELECTION Included studies contained (1) an MCI diagnosis; (2) nonpharmacological, multidomain interventions that were compared with a single active control; (3) older adults aged 65 years and older; and (4) randomized clinical trials. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were screened and extracted by 3 independent reviewers. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate effect sizes from the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CIs. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Postintervention cognitive test scores in 7 cognitive domains were compared between single-domain and multidomain groups. Exposure to the intervention was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 28 studies published between 2011 and 2021, including 2711 older adults with MCI, reported greater effect sizes in the multidomain group for global cognition (SMD, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.23-0.59; P < .001), executive function (SMD, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.04-0.36; P = .01), memory (SMD, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.14-0.45; P < .001), and verbal fluency (SMD, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12-0.49; P = .001). The Mini-Mental State Examination (SMD, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17-0.64; P < .001), category verbal fluency test (SMD, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.13-0.56; P = .002), Trail Making Test-B (SMD, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.13-0.80; P = .007), and Wechsler Memory Scale-Logical Memory I (SMD, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.15-0.80; P < .001) and II (SMD, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-0.45; P < .001) favored the multidomain group. Exposure to the intervention varied between studies: the mean (SD) duration was 71.3 (36.0) minutes for 19.8 (14.6) weeks with sessions taking place 2.5 (1.1) times per week, and all interventions lasted less than 1 year. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, short-term multidomain interventions (<1 year) were associated with improvements in global cognition, executive function, memory, and verbal fluency compared with single interventions in older adults with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Salzman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yanina Sarquis-Adamson
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Surim Son
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Gait and Brain Lab, Parkwood Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medicine and Division of Geriatric Medicine, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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19
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The effect of combined cognitive intervention and physical exercise on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:261-276. [PMID: 34383248 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The state of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) provides an optimal window for preventing progression to dementia. Combined cognitive intervention and physical exercise may yield additive and synergistic effects on cognition in older adults with MCI. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of a combined intervention to improve cognition in older adults with MCI by comparing a control group that underwent only cognitive intervention, a control group that underwent only physical exercise, and a control group that did not undergo cognitive intervention or physical exercise. DESIGN Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DATA SOURCES The online databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were systematically searched. REVIEW METHODS The outcomes were global cognition, memory, and executive function/attention. A sensitivity analysis was conducted when the I2 statistic was > 50%. RESULTS A total of 16 studies were included. The results showed that the combined intervention had positive effects on global cognition compared to the effects of the other control group [SMD = 0.27, 95% CI (0.09, 0.44), p = 0.003]. Regarding memory, the combined intervention had positive effects compared to the effects observed in the single physical exercise group [SMD = 0.25, 95% CI (0.07, 0.44), p = 0.006] and the other control group [SMD = 0.29, 95% CI (0.12, 0.47), p = 0.001]. For executive function/attention, the combined intervention had also positive effects compared to the effects of the single cognitive intervention group [SMD = 0.28, 95% CI (0.09, 0.47), p = 0.004], the single physical exercise group [SMD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.16, 0.49), p = 0.0002], and the other control group [SMD = 0.23, 95% CI (0.05, 0.41), p = 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS The combined intervention resulted in cognitive benefits in older adults with MCI and exhibited limited superiority over the single cognitive intervention and the single physical exercise on cognitive subdomains.
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20
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You YX, Shahar S, Mohamad M, Rajab NF, Che Din N, Lau HJ, Abdul Hamid H. Is There Any Relationship Between Biochemical Indices and Anthropometric Measurements With Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Activation Among Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment? Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:765451. [PMID: 35046782 PMCID: PMC8762169 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.765451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory is developed in one region of the brain called the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The dysfunction of this region leads to synaptic neuroplasticity impairment. It has been reported that several biochemical parameters and anthropometric measurements play a vital role in cognition and brain health. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between cognitive function, serum biochemical profile, and anthropometric measurements using DLPFC activation. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 35 older adults (≥60 years) who experienced mild cognitive impairment (MCI). For this purpose, we distributed a comprehensive interview-based questionnaire for collecting sociodemographic information from the participants and conducting cognitive tests. Anthropometric values were measured, and fasting blood specimens were collected. We investigated their brain activation using the task-based functional MRI (fMRI; N-back), specifically in the DLPFC region. Positive relationships were observed between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (β = 0.494, p < 0.01) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (β = 0.698, p < 0.01); however, negative relationships were observed between serum triglyceride (β = −0.402, p < 0.05) and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (β = −0.326, p < 0.05) with right DLPFC activation (R2 = 0.512) while the participants performed 1-back task after adjustments for age, gender, and years of education. In conclusion, higher serum triglycerides, higher oxidative stress, and lower neurotrophic factor were associated with lower right DLPFC activation among older adults with MCI. A further investigation needs to be carried out to understand the causal-effect mechanisms of the significant parameters and the DLPFC activation so that better intervention strategies can be developed for reducing the risk of irreversible neurodegenerative diseases among older adults with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Xing You
- Dietetics Program and Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetics Program and Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Suzana Shahar,
| | - Mazlyfarina Mohamad
- Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Biomedical Sciences Program and Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Normah Che Din
- Health Psychology Program, Centre of Rehabilitation and Special Needs, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hui Jin Lau
- Nutritional Sciences Program and Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness (H-Care), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamzaini Abdul Hamid
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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21
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Zheng G, Ye B, Xia R, Qiu P, Li M, Zheng Y, Xiong Z. Traditional Chinese Mind-Body Exercise Baduanjin Modulate Gray Matter and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Brain Imaging Study. Brain Plast 2021; 7:131-142. [PMID: 34868878 PMCID: PMC8609496 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-210121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies found traditional Chinese mind-body exercise Baduanjin could modulate cognition of community older adults. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effect of 6 months of Baduanjin exercise on brain structure and cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: The MCI older adults were randomly assigned into either Baduanjin training, brisk walking training or usual physical activity control group. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revised (WMS-CR) were applied to measure gray matter volume (GMV), global cognitive ability and memory at baseline and end of intervention. Results: Compared to usual physical activity, Baduanjin exercise significantly improved MoCA, WMS-CR scores, WMS-MQ, and mental control and comprehension memory subscores of the WMS-CR; significantly increased the GMV in the temporal gyrus, frontal gyrus, parietal gyrus, medial occipital gyrus, cingulate gyrus and angular gyrus after 6 months of intervention. Compared to brisk walking, Baduanjin significantly improved MoCA scores and picture reproduction subscores of memory, and significantly increased the GMV in the right frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, occipital gyrus. Furthermore, the increased GMV in the right medial temporal gyrus was significantly associated with improvement in the MoCA scores. Conclusion: The present study suggested that regular Baduanjin training could have a positive effect in increasing brain gray matter and improving cognitive function in older adults with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zheng
- College of Nursing and Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingzhao Ye
- Shangrao People's Hospital, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China
| | - Rui Xia
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shangjie University Town, Fuzhou, China
| | - Pingting Qiu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shangjie University Town, Fuzhou, China
| | - Moyi Li
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shangjie University Town, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Zheng
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shangjie University Town, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiong
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shangjie University Town, Fuzhou, China
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22
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Sinclair B, Steward C, Venkatraman V, Aljondi R, Cox KL, Ellis KA, Ames D, Masters CL, Phal PM, Sharman MJ, Cyarto EV, Lai MMY, Szoeke C, Lautenschlager NT, Desmond PM. Effects of a physical activity intervention on brain atrophy in older adults at risk of dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2833-2842. [PMID: 34757564 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lack of physical activity is a risk factor for dementia, however, the utility of interventional physical activity programs as a protective measure against brain atrophy and cognitive decline is uncertain. Here we present the effect of a randomized controlled trial of a 24-month physical activity intervention on global and regional brain atrophy as characterized by longitudinal voxel-based morphometry with T1-weighted MRI images. The study sample consisted of 98 participants at risk of dementia, with mild cognitive impairment or subjective memory complaints, and having at least one vascular risk factor for dementia, randomized into an exercise group and a control group. Between 0 and 24 months, there was no significant difference detected between groups in the rate of change in global, or regional brain volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sinclair
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Chris Steward
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vijay Venkatraman
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rowa Aljondi
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Applied Radiologic Technology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kay L Cox
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pramit M Phal
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth V Cyarto
- Bolton Clarke Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michelle M Y Lai
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,NorthWestern Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia M Desmond
- Department of Radiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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Ji L, Steffens DC, Wang L. Effects of physical exercise on the aging brain across imaging modalities: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies in randomized controlled trials. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1148-1157. [PMID: 33675074 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is effective in protecting against age-related neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Although there are many neuroimaging studies to evaluate the effect of physical exercise on aging brains, consistent conclusions are limited due to the wide variety of measuring techniques and small sample sizes. OBJECTIVE Identify brain regions that show exercise-induced neuroplasticity consistently across various imaging modalities and correlate regional neuroplasticity with cognitive changes in older adults. METHODS An electronic literature search for randomized controlled trials with magnetic resonance imaging measures was performed. We conducted a series of quantitative meta-analyses using activation likelihood estimation on included studies with voxel-based neuroimaging findings. Nonvoxelbased findings were summarized as a descriptive review. RESULTS Out of 839 publications identified from the literature search, 30 experiments including 2670 participants from 22 papers met the criteria of meta-analyses. Overall, physical exercise consistently results in structural and functional changes in the hippocampus/parahippocampusl area and a cluster within the cerebellum. Although changes of medial/superior prefrontal cortex did not pass the stringent threshold, they were associated with cognitive changes. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the effectiveness of physical exercise in inducing hippocampus plasticity, which may be crucially relevant for maintaining memory function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxin Ji
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lihong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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24
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Liu T, Li N, Hou Z, Liu L, Gao L, Wang L, Tan J. Nutrition and exercise interventions could ameliorate age-related cognitive decline: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1799-1809. [PMID: 33052590 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01730-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of nutrition combined physical exercise interventions on age-related cognitive decline by a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We searched 9 databases, including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Information, China Biological Medical Database (CBM) and Wanfang for studies published until the end of December 2019. The selected trials should meet the following criteria, study objects: healthy adults aged 65 and over with cognitive dysfunction or diagnosed as MCI, but not meet the diagnostic criteria for dementia as well as no restriction on follow-up time, race or gender. Study interventions: multiple interventions including nutrition and exercise. EXCLUSION CRITERIA (1) studies included elderly people with any type of dementia or patients with cognitive impairment induced by secondary causes, including drug, alcohol, severe organic brain diseases, mental disorders. (2) Republished literature. (3) Studies with significant differences in baseline data between groups. (4) The data in the study cannot be converted into the required data format. We reviewed and extracted information and assessed the risk of bias of recruited studies independently. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA v.15.1 software. The bias of publication was estimated by Egger test. RESULTS A total of six RCTs representing 1039 participates were included in our meta-analysis. In terms of global cognitive function that has been assessed by neuropsychological test in different combinations, the result showed that the beneficial effect of nutrition combined exercise interventions was statistically significant [SMD = 0.23, 95% CI (0.1, 0.36), P = 0.0004]. There were no statistical differences from assays on MMSE scores, Memory, Executive Function, Attention, and Information Processing Speed across groups. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows that nutrition combined exercise interventions can improve global cognitive function in the aged with cognitive decline. Further researches emphasizing on longer follow-up time, experimental randomness, credibility and scale would better elucidate the effect of nutrition combined exercise interventions on cognitive function, particularly in older adults. (registration number: CRD42020159291, date of registration: 28/04/2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Na Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zongjie Hou
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Linsheng Liu
- Tianshui Changkon Hospital, Tianshui, 741000, Gansu, China
| | - Lihong Gao
- Tianshui Changkon Hospital, Tianshui, 741000, Gansu, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of General Practice (Department of Geriatrics Ward 4), The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jiying Tan
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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25
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Prendecki M, Kowalska M, Toton E, Kozubski W. Genetic Editing and Pharmacogenetics in Current And Future Therapy Of Neurocognitive Disorders. Curr Alzheimer Res 2021; 17:238-258. [PMID: 32321403 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200422152440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is an important issue in western societies, and in the following years, this problem will also rise in the developing regions, such as Africa and Asia. The most common types of dementia in adults are Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) and Vascular Dementia (VaD), of which, AD accounts for more than half of the cases. The most prominent symptom of AD is cognitive impairment, currently treated with four drugs: Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, enhancing cholinergic transmission; as well as memantine, protecting neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. Despite ongoing efforts, no new drugs in the treatment of AD have been registered for the last ten years, thus multiple studies have been conducted on genetic factors affecting the efficacy of antidementia pharmacotherapy. The researchers investigate the effects of variants in multiple genes, such as ABCB1, ACE, CHAT, CHRNA7, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, NR1I2, NR1I3, POR, PPAR, RXR, SLC22A1/2/5, SLC47A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7, associated with numerous pathways: the development of pathological proteins, formation and metabolism of acetylcholine, transport, metabolism and excretion of antidementia drugs and transcription factors regulating the expression of genes responsible for metabolism and transport of drugs. The most promising results have been demonstrated for APOE E4, dementia risk variant, BCHE-K, reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity variant, and CYP2D6 UM, ultrarapid hepatic metabolism. Further studies investigate the possibilities of the development of emerging drugs or genetic editing by CRISPR/Cas9 for causative treatment. In conclusion, the pharmacogenetic studies on dementia diseases may improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in some patients with beneficial genetic variants, at the same time, identifying the carriers of unfavorable alleles, the potential group of novel approaches to the treatment and prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Prendecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Kowalska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Toton
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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26
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Serra MC, Dondero KR, Larkins D, Burns A, Addison O. Healthy Lifestyle and Cognition: Interaction between Diet and Physical Activity. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 9:64-74. [PMID: 32166628 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses current research on the impact of specific dietary patterns and exercise, both individually and combined, on cognitive function in older adults. RECENT FINDINGS Observational evidence generally supports a relationship between diet adherence and positive cognitive outcomes related to memory, executive function, and risk for cognitive impairment; however, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are limited. Exercise research is more extensive, showing improvements in cognitive performance after exercise interventions regardless of baseline cognitive status and noting lower incidences of cognitive impairment in people who engage in regular physical activity. Evidence supports adherence to specific dietary patterns and a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise as an effective approach to mitigate age-associated cognitive decline. Further research on older adults at various stages of cognitive decline, as well as longer-term RCTs, will help determine the best clinical markers of early cognitive dysfunction, and the effectiveness of early lifestyle intervention on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Serra
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Medicine and the Sam & Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,San Antonio GRECC, South Texas VA Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | | | - Derrik Larkins
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitative Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aisling Burns
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology & Palliative Medicine and the Sam & Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity & Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Odessa Addison
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitative Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore VA Medical Center GRECC, VA Maryland Health Care System, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Yogev-Seligmann G, Eisenstein T, Ash E, Giladi N, Sharon H, Nachman S, Bregman N, Kodesh E, Hendler T, Lerner Y. Neurocognitive Plasticity Is Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness Following Physical Exercise in Older Adults with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:91-112. [PMID: 33720893 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic training has been shown to promote structural and functional neurocognitive plasticity in cognitively intact older adults. However, little is known about the neuroplastic potential of aerobic exercise in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the effect of aerobic exercise intervention and cardiorespiratory fitness improvement on brain and cognitive functions in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHODS 27 participants with aMCI were randomized to either aerobic training (n = 13) or balance and toning (BAT) control group (n = 14) for a 16-week intervention. Pre- and post-assessments included functional MRI experiments of brain activation during associative memory encoding and neural synchronization during complex information processing, cognitive evaluation using neuropsychological tests, and cardiorespiratory fitness assessment. RESULTS The aerobic group demonstrated increased frontal activity during memory encoding and increased neural synchronization in higher-order cognitive regions such as the frontal cortex and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) following the intervention. In contrast, the BAT control group demonstrated decreased brain activity during memory encoding, primarily in occipital, temporal, and parietal areas. Increases in cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with increases in brain activationin both the left inferior frontal and precentral gyri. Furthermore, changes in cardiorespiratory fitness were also correlated with changes in performance on several neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise training may result in functional plasticity of high-order cognitive areas, especially, frontal regions, among older adults at risk of AD and dementia. Furthermore, cardiorespiratory fitness may be an important mediating factor of the observed changes in neurocognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Yogev-Seligmann
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamir Eisenstein
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elissa Ash
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Giladi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haggai Sharon
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pain Management & Neuromodulation Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shikma Nachman
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noa Bregman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Kodesh
- Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Lerner
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol Brain Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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28
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Casquero-Veiga M, Romero-Miguel D, MacDowell KS, Torres-Sanchez S, Garcia-Partida JA, Lamanna-Rama N, Gómez-Rangel V, Romero-Miranda A, Berrocoso E, Leza JC, Arango C, Desco M, Soto-Montenegro ML. Omega-3 fatty acids during adolescence prevent schizophrenia-related behavioural deficits: Neurophysiological evidences from the prenatal viral infection with PolyI:C. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 46:14-27. [PMID: 33735708 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The likely involvement of inflammation and oxidative stress (IOS) in mental disease has led to advocate anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs as therapeutic strategies in the treatment of schizophrenia. Since omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) show anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective properties, we aim to evaluate whether ω-3 treatment during adolescence in the maternal immune stimulation (MIS) animal model of schizophrenia could prevent the brain and behavioural deficits described in adulthood. At gestational day 15, PolyI:C (4 mg/kg) or saline (VH) were injected to pregnant Wistar rats. Male offspring received ω-3 (800 mg/kg) or saline (Sal) daily from postnatal day (PND) 35-49, defining 4 groups: MIS-ω-3; MIS-Sal; VH-ω-3 and VH-Sal. At PND70, rats were submitted to prepulse inhibition test (PPI). FDG-PET and T2-weighted MRI brain studies were performed in adulthood and analyzed by means of SPM12. IOS markers were measured in selected brain areas. MIS-offspring showed a PPI deficit compared with VH-offspring and ω-3 treatment prevented this deficit. Also, ω-3 reduced the brain metabolism in the deep mesencephalic area and prevented the volumetric abnormalities in the hippocampus but not in the ventricles in MIS-offspring. Besides, ω-3 reduced the expression of iNOS and Keap1 and increased the activity/concentration of HO1, NQO1 and GPX. Our study demonstrates that administration of ω-3 during adolescence prevents PPI behavioural deficits and hippocampal volumetric abnormalities, and partially counteracts IOS deficits via iNOS and Nrf2-ARE pathways in the MIS model. This study highlights the need for novel strategies based on anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant compounds to alter the disease course in high-risk populations at early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Casquero-Veiga
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Karina S MacDowell
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Torres-Sanchez
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Garcia-Partida
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Esther Berrocoso
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, Psychobiology Area, Department of Psychology, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain; Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de Cádiz, INiBICA, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense (UCM), IIS Imas12, IUIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celso Arango
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento of Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Luisa Soto-Montenegro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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Reynolds GO, Willment K, Gale SA. Mindfulness and Cognitive Training Interventions in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Impact on Cognition and Mood. Am J Med 2021; 134:444-455. [PMID: 33385339 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With the lack of disease-modifying pharmacologic treatments for mild cognitive impairment and dementia, there has been an increasing clinical and research focus on nonpharmacological interventions for these disorders. Many treatment approaches, such as mindfulness and cognitive training, aim to mitigate or delay cognitive decline, particularly in early disease stages, while also offering potential benefits for mood and quality of life. In this review, we highlight the potential of mindfulness and cognitive training to improve cognition and mood in mild cognitive impairment. Emerging research suggests that these approaches are feasible and safe in this population, with preliminary evidence of positive effects on aspects of cognition (attention, psychomotor function, memory, executive function), depression, and anxiety, though some findings have been unclear or limited by methodological weaknesses. Even so, mindfulness and cognitive training warrant inclusion as current treatments for adults with mild cognitive impairment, even if there is need for additional research to clarify treatment outcomes and questions related to dose, mechanisms, and transfer and longevity of treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Willment
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Seth A Gale
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
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30
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Cognitive decline among European retirees: impact of early retirement, nation-related and personal characteristics. AGEING & SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x21000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Our study aimed to enhance understanding of memory decline (MD) in old age by evaluating longitudinal effects of personal and national contributing factors. We used data collected by the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) from 12 European countries and Israel. Our sample included 11,930 retirees aged 50+, interviewed at baseline and four years later. MD was evaluated by the change in the number of recalled words from first to second interview. Except for gender, all of our explanatory variables had a significant unique effect on MD – age, education, type of occupation, European geographical region, early retirement, time elapsed from retirement, reason for retirement, active lifestyle, re-employment, health/function status, depressive symptoms, and decline in physical and mental health – over the four years of the study. Our findings indicate that MD can be postponed by national policies such as those which prolong years of education and participation in the workforce, and by social interventions directed to promote active lifestyles in late life, especially in Mediterranean and Eastern European nations.
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31
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Preventing dementia? Interventional approaches in mild cognitive impairment. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 122:143-164. [PMID: 33440197 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as an intermediate state between normal cognitive aging and dementia. It describes a status of the subjective impression of cognitive decline and objectively detectible memory impairment beyond normal age-related changes. Activities of daily living are not affected. As the population ages, there is a growing need for early, proactive programs that can delay the consequences of dementia and improve the well-being of people with MCI and their caregivers. Various forms and approaches of intervention for older people with MCI have been suggested to delay cognitive decline. Pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological approaches (cognitive, physiological, nutritional supplementation, electric stimulation, psychosocial therapeutic) and multicomponent interventions have been proposed. Interventional approaches in MCI from 2009 to April 2019 concerning the cognitive performance are presented in this review.
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32
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Voluntary Wheel Running Improves Spatial Learning Memory by Suppressing Inflammation and Apoptosis via Inactivation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B in Brain Inflammation Rats. Int Neurourol J 2020; 24:96-103. [PMID: 33271006 PMCID: PMC7731883 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2040432.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Exercise has been shown to protect against diverse brain diseases. Voluntary exercise improves cognition and has a neuroprotective effect. The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of voluntary wheel running on brain inflammation in rats with regard to inflammation and apoptosis. Methods Brain inflammation was caused by intracranial injection of lipopolysaccharide using a stereotaxic instrument. Voluntary wheel running group were conducted during 21 consecutive days, staring 2 days after brain inflammation. Results Brain inflammation increased proinflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis cell death in the hippocampus. There changes in the hippocampus deteriorated spatial learning memory. However, voluntary wheel running suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic neuronal cell death via inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NF-κB inhibitor-α pathway. Voluntary wheel running also promoted the recovery of the spatial learning memory impairment. Conclusions Voluntary wheel running after brain inflammation enhanced spatial learning memory by suppressing proinflammatory cytokine secretion and apoptosis cell death. Voluntary wheel running is also expected to be effective in inflammatory diseases of the urogenital system.
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Gallou-Guyot M, Mandigout S, Combourieu-Donnezan L, Bherer L, Perrochon A. Cognitive and physical impact of cognitive-motor dual-task training in cognitively impaired older adults: An overview. Neurophysiol Clin 2020; 50:441-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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34
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Wang J, Lyu H, Chen J, Lin S, Zheng H, Li J, Kong F, Gao J, Yu H, Hu Y, Guo Z. Cortical Alterations Are Associated with Depression in Subcortical Vascular Mild Cognitive Impairment Revealed by Surface-Based Morphometry. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:673-681. [PMID: 33016903 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-life depression often coexists with vascular cognitive impairment and affects the quality of life for elders. However, little is known about cortical morphometric interactions between subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and concomitant mild depressive symptoms at the early stage. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate cortical alterations of svMCI with and without depressive symptoms and determine whether these parameters are associated with depression symptoms and/or cognitive impairments. METHODS Surface based morphometry was performed on 18 svMCI patients with depressive symptoms (svMCI + D), 16 svMCI patients without depressive symptoms (svMCI-D), and 23 normal controls (NC). RESULTS Compared to NC, both svMCI + D and svMCI-D patients exhibited significantly decreased surface area (SA) in many cortical areas. Interestingly, svMCI + D patients showed significantly increased rather than decreased SA in right lateral occipital gyrus (LOG.R), and a consistent trend of increased SA in these areas compared to svMCI-D. In addition, the svMCI + D showed increased gray matter volume of left pericalcarine (periCAL.L) than svMCI-D, whereas svMCI-D showed decreased gray matter volume of periCAL.L than NC. Further correlation analyses revealed that the SA of left superior temporal gyrus (STG.L) and right lateral orbital part of frontal gyrus (lorbFG.R) were significantly correlated with Hamilton depression rating scale of svMCI + D. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these results extend our insight into svMCI and add weight to reevaluation of concomitant early stage depressive symptoms. Moreover, we suggest that LOG.R∖periCAL.L∖STG.L∖lorbFG.R might serve as sensitive and trait-dependent biomarkers to detect concomitant depressive symptoms in svMCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Psychology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Lyu
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Songjun Lin
- Department of Neurology and Psychology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Haotao Zheng
- Department of Neurology and Psychology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jinfang Li
- Department of Neurology and Psychology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Fanxin Kong
- Department of Neurology and Psychology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Jinyun Gao
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Yu
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Yuanming Hu
- Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Zhouke Guo
- Department of Neurology and Psychology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, P. R. China.,Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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35
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Feng C, Zhu Z, Cui Z, Ushakov V, Dreher JC, Luo W, Gu R, Wu X, Krueger F. Prediction of trust propensity from intrinsic brain morphology and functional connectome. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:175-191. [PMID: 33001541 PMCID: PMC7721234 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trust forms the basis of virtually all interpersonal relationships. Although significant individual differences characterize trust, the driving neuropsychological signatures behind its heterogeneity remain obscure. Here, we applied a prediction framework in two independent samples of healthy participants to examine the relationship between trust propensity and multimodal brain measures. Our multivariate prediction analyses revealed that trust propensity was predicted by gray matter volume and node strength across multiple regions. The gray matter volume of identified regions further enabled the classification of individuals from an independent sample with the propensity to trust or distrust. Our modular and functional decoding analyses showed that the contributing regions were part of three large‐scale networks implicated in calculus‐based trust strategy, cost–benefit calculation, and trustworthiness inference. These findings do not only deepen our neuropsychological understanding of individual differences in trust propensity, but also provide potential biomarkers in predicting trust impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology and Educational Application of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vadim Ushakov
- National Research Center, Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jean-Claude Dreher
- Neuroeconomics, Reward and Decision Making Laboratory, Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, Bron, France
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology and Educational Application of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Frank Krueger
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.,Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
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36
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Zakharov VV, Novikova MS, Vakhnina NV. [Prevention of dementia in patients with mild cognitive impairment]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:167-174. [PMID: 32929941 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2020120081167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is one of the most common consequences of brain dysfunction. Nowadays, there is an increasing interest in the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment without dementia, as a stage of cognitive deficit spectrum that could be controlled. The article discusses the current approaches to the management of patients with mild cognitive impairment including non-pharmacological strategies as well as medical antioxidant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Zakharov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow,Russia
| | - M S Novikova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow,Russia
| | - N V Vakhnina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow,Russia
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37
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Troesch B, Eggersdorfer M, Laviano A, Rolland Y, Smith AD, Warnke I, Weimann A, Calder PC. Expert Opinion on Benefits of Long-Chain Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and EPA) in Aging and Clinical Nutrition. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2555. [PMID: 32846900 PMCID: PMC7551800 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy is increasing and so is the prevalence of age-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Consequently, older people and patients present with multi-morbidities and more complex needs, putting significant pressure on healthcare systems. Effective nutrition interventions could be an important tool to address patient needs, improve clinical outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Inflammation plays a central role in NCDs, so targeting it is relevant to disease prevention and treatment. The long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are known to reduce inflammation and promote its resolution, suggesting a beneficial role in various therapeutic areas. An expert group reviewed the data on omega-3 LCPUFAs in specific patient populations and medical conditions. Evidence for benefits in cognitive health, age- and disease-related decline in muscle mass, cancer treatment, surgical patients and critical illness was identified. Use of DHA and EPA in some conditions is already included in some relevant guidelines. However, it is important to note that data on the effects of omega-3 LCPUFAs are still inconsistent in many areas (e.g., cognitive decline) due to a range of factors that vary amongst the trials performed to date; these factors include dose, timing and duration; baseline omega-3 LCPUFA status; and intake of other nutrients. Well-designed intervention studies are required to optimize the effects of DHA and EPA in specific patient populations and to develop more personalized strategies for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Troesch
- Nutrition Science and Advocacy, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (B.T.); (I.W.)
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, INSERM 1027, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
| | - A. David Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Ines Warnke
- Nutrition Science and Advocacy, DSM Nutritional Products, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (B.T.); (I.W.)
| | - Arved Weimann
- Clinic for General, Visceral and Oncological Surgery, St. Georg gGmbH Clinic, 04129 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Philip C. Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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38
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Hayek D, Thams F, Flöel A, Antonenko D. Dentate Gyrus Volume Mediates the Effect of Fornix Microstructure on Memory Formation in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:79. [PMID: 32265687 PMCID: PMC7098987 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related deterioration in white and gray matter is linked to cognitive deficits. Reduced microstructure of the fornix, the major efferent pathway of the hippocampus, and volume of the dentate gyrus (DG), may cause age-associated memory decline. However, the linkage between these anatomical determinants and memory retrieval in healthy aging are poorly understood. In 30 older adults, we acquired diffusion tensor and T1-weighted images for individual deterministic tractography and volume estimation. A memory task, administered outside of the scanner to assess retrieval of learned associations, required discrimination of previously acquired picture-word pairs. The results showed that fornix fractional anisotropy (FA) and left DG volumes were related to successful retrieval. These brain-behavior associations were observed for correct rejections, but not hits, indicating specificity of memory network functioning for detecting false associations. Mediation analyses showed that left DG volume mediated the effect of fornix FA on memory (48%), but not vice versa. These findings suggest that reduced microstructure induces volume loss and thus negatively affects retrieval of learned associations, complementing evidence of a pivotal role of the fornix in healthy aging. Our study offers a neurobehavioral model to explain variability in memory retrieval in older adults, an important prerequisite for the development of interventions to counteract cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Hayek
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Thams
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Standort Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin Institute of Health, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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39
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Fairbairn P, Tsofliou F, Johnson A, Dyall SC. Effects of a high-DHA multi-nutrient supplement and exercise on mobility and cognition in older women (MOBILE): a randomised semi-blinded placebo-controlled study. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1-10. [PMID: 32100647 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a complex interplay between mobility and cognition in older adults. We have previously shown that a high-DHA multi-nutrient supplement improves habitual walking speed, verbal memory and psychomotor response latency in older women. Exercise also improves mobility and cognition in older adults, and n-3 fatty acids and exercise share a range of overlapping biological effects. This study examined for the first time the effects of the high-DHA multi-nutrient supplement and aerobic exercise on mobility and cognition in older women. Women (mean age 67 (sd 8) years) were assigned to the following groups: multi-nutrient (1 g DHA, 160 mg EPA, 240 mg Ginkgo biloba, 60 mg phosphatidylserine, 20 mg d-α tocopherol, 1 mg folic acid and 20 µg vitamin B12 per d, n 13), multi-nutrient and exercise (spin class twice per week, n 14), exercise and placebo (n 12) or placebo (n 12). The multi-nutrient was given for 24 weeks and exercise for 12 weeks. No treatment effects were observed for the primary outcome, habitual walking speed. Improvements in verbal memory and executive function were seen for all treatments groups v. placebo (all, P < 0·05). Significant improvements in self-reported emotional well-being were seen with multi-nutrient and exercise groups v. placebo (P = 0·03). The results suggest that the high-DHA multi-nutrient supplement produces similar improvements in cognitive function to aerobic exercise, offering the intriguing prospect that supplementation may be able to mitigate some of the effects of low physical activity on cognitive function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fairbairn
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences, Bournemouth University, BournemouthBH1 3LT, UK
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences, Bournemouth University, BournemouthBH1 3LT, UK
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, BournemouthBH1 3LT, UK
| | - Simon C Dyall
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, LondonSW15 5PU, UK
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40
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Svensson M, Andersson E, Manouchehrian O, Yang Y, Deierborg T. Voluntary running does not reduce neuroinflammation or improve non-cognitive behavior in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1346. [PMID: 31992814 PMCID: PMC6987124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58309-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been suggested to reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as well as ameliorate the progression of the disease. However, we recently published results from two large epidemiological studies showing no such beneficial effects on the development of AD. In addition, long-term, voluntary running in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD did not affect levels of soluble amyloid beta (Aβ), synaptic proteins or cognitive function. In this follow-up study, we investigate whether running could impact other pathological aspects of the disease, such as insoluble Aβ levels, the neuroinflammatory response and non-cognitive behavioral impairments. We investigated the effects of 24 weeks of voluntary wheel running in female 5xFAD mice (n = 30) starting at 2–3 months of age, before substantial extracellular plaque formation. Running mice developed hindlimb clasping earlier (p = 0.009) compared to sedentary controls. Further, running exacerbated the exploratory behavior in Elevated plus maze (p = 0.001) and anxiety in Open field (p = 0.024) tests. Additionally, microglia, cytokines and insoluble Aβ levels were not affected. Taken together, our findings suggest that voluntary wheel running is not a beneficial intervention to halt disease progression in 5xFAD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Svensson
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B11, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Emelie Andersson
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B11, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oscar Manouchehrian
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B11, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yiyi Yang
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B11, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, BMC B11, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
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41
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Prehn K, Profitlich T, Rangus I, Heßler S, Witte AV, Grittner U, Ordemann J, Flöel A. Bariatric Surgery and Brain Health-A Longitudinal Observational Study Investigating the Effect of Surgery on Cognitive Function and Gray Matter Volume. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010127. [PMID: 31906475 PMCID: PMC7019777 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary modifications leading to weight loss have been suggested as a means to improve brain health. In morbid obesity, bariatric surgery (BARS)-including different procedures, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), gastric banding (GB), or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery-is performed to induce rapid weight loss. Combining reduced food intake and malabsorption of nutrients, RYGB might be most effective, but requires life-long follow-up treatment. Here, we tested 40 patients before and six months after surgery (BARS group) using a neuropsychological test battery and compared them with a waiting list control group. Subsamples of both groups underwent structural MRI and were examined for differences between surgical procedures. No substantial differences between BARS and control group emerged with regard to cognition. However, larger gray matter volume in fronto-temporal brain areas accompanied by smaller volume in the ventral striatum was seen in the BARS group compared to controls. RYGB patients compared to patients with restrictive treatment alone (VSG/GB) had higher weight loss, but did not benefit more in cognitive outcomes. In sum, the data of our study suggest that BARS might lead to brain structure reorganization at long-term follow-up, while the type of surgical procedure does not differentially modulate cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Prehn
- Department of Neurology & NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.F.); Tel.: +49-40-36122649384 (K.P.); +49-3834-866875 (A.F.)
| | - Thorge Profitlich
- Department of Neurology & NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ida Rangus
- Department of Neurology & NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heßler
- Department of Neurology & NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - A. Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology & NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Aging and Obesity Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grittner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ordemann
- Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Vivantes Klinikum Spandau, 13585 Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Standort Rostock/Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.F.); Tel.: +49-40-36122649384 (K.P.); +49-3834-866875 (A.F.)
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42
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Yang C, Moore A, Mpofu E, Dorstyn D, Li Q, Yin C. Effectiveness of Combined Cognitive and Physical Interventions to Enhance Functioning in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2019; 60:633-642. [DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnz149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Cognitive training delivered in conjunction with physical activity, may help to optimize aging and delay or prevent dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, their efficacy is less well studied compared to pharmaceutical treatments. This systematic review synthesizes the emerging evidence on combined cognitive-physical interventions for enhancing functioning in older adults with MCI, with implications for practice and research.
Research Design and Methods
We searched the PubMed, PsycINFO, Ageline, Medline, Web of Science and ProQuest databases, and hand-searched articles published between July 2013 and November 2018. Only randomized controlled trials which incorporated cognitive and physical components targeted to individuals with MCI over the age of 50 were eligible. Our search yielded 10 eligible, independent articles.
Results
Intervention participants with MCI self-reported, or demonstrated, improved functioning across a range of cognitive (global cognitive function, executive function, processing speed, memory, attention, mood, emotion, motivation, brain cortex, orientation), and physical (gait, balance, mobility) outcomes. Interventions which combined cognitive-physical training were comparable to those which isolated these same elements, in terms of their effects on executive function, processing speed, attention, mood, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Discussion and Implications
There is preliminary evidence to support the positive effects of multicomponent interventions to improve cognitive-motor abilities in older adults at risk of developing dementia. The strength of this research evidence is, however, limited. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these effects are maintained over time. The optimal intervention intensity and length also need to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton
| | - Ami Moore
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton
| | - Elias Mpofu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton
- Clinical and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
- Educational Psychology and Inclusive Education, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Diana Dorstyn
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Qiwei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton
| | - Cheng Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton
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43
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The Face of Early Cognitive Decline? Shape and Asymmetry Predict Choice Reaction Time Independent of Age, Diet or Exercise. Symmetry (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/sym11111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Slower reaction time is a measure of cognitive decline and can occur as early as 24 years of age. We are interested if developmental stability predicts cognitive performance independent of age and lifestyle (e.g., diet and exercise). Developmental stability is the latent capacity to buffer ontogenetic stressors and is measured by low fluctuating asymmetry (FA). FA is random—with respect to the largest side—departures from perfect morphological symmetry. The degree of asymmetry has been associated with physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in many species, including humans. We expected that low FA (independent of age, diet and exercise) will predict faster choice reaction time (i.e., correct keyboard responses to stimuli appearing in a random location on a computer monitor). Eighty-eight university students self-reported their fish product consumption, exercise, had their faces 3D scanned and cognitive performance measured. Unexpectedly, increased fish product consumption was associated with worsened choice reaction time. Facial asymmetry and multiple face shape variation parameters predicted slower choice reaction time independent of sex, age, diet or exercise. Future work should develop longitudinal interventions to minimize early cognitive decline among vulnerable people (e.g., those who have experienced ontogenetic stressors affecting optimal neurocognitive development).
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Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) include α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 ω-3), stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4 ω-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 ω-3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5 ω-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ω-3). In the past few decades, many epidemiological studies have been conducted on the myriad health benefits of omega-3 PUFAs. In this review, we summarized the structural features, properties, dietary sources, metabolism, and bioavailability of omega-3 PUFAs and their effects on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, depression, visual and neurological development, and maternal and child health. Even though many health benefits of omega-3 PUFAs have been reported in the literature, there are also some controversies about their efficacy and certain benefits to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada;
| | - Priyatharini Ambigaipalan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada;
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45
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Rangel-Huerta OD, Gil A. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on cognition: an updated systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2019; 76:1-20. [PMID: 29240924 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Context The increasing number of studies on the effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) on health, particularly cognition, in the last 5 years reflects the growing interest in this area of research. Objective The aim for this systematic review was to evaluate the scientific evidence published in the last 5 years (2012-2017) on the effects of n-3 LC-PUFA intake on cognition, cognitive development, and cognitive decline to determine whether n-3 LC-PUFAs support cognitive development and prevent cognitive decline. Data Sources The PubMed database was searched. Study Selection The 51 articles included in this systematic review reported on healthy individuals with mild or moderate cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer's disease. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane methodology. Data Extraction The number of study participants, the type of study, the type and dose of n-3 LC-PUFAs, and the key results are reported here. Results Current evidence indicates that n-3 LC-PUFAs administered during pregnancy or breastfeeding have no effect on the skills or cognitive development of children in later stages of development. Evidence regarding the improvement of cognitive function during childhood and youth or in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is inconclusive. Moreover, it is still unclear if n-3 LC-PUFAs can improve cognitive development or prevent cognitive decline in young or older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar D Rangel-Huerta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Regional brain atrophy predicts time to conversion to Alzheimer's disease, dependent on baseline volume. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 83:86-94. [PMID: 31585370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A key question for the design of clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is whether the timing of conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD can be predicted. This is also an important question for the clinical management of MCI. This study aims to address this question by exploring the contribution of baseline brain volume and annual volume change, using Cox regression, in predicting the time to conversion. Individuals with MCI, who converted to AD (n = 198), reverted to normal (n = 38), or remained stable (n = 96) for at least five years, were included in this study. The results revealed that the volumes of all the brain areas considered were predictive of the time to conversion from MCI to AD. Annual change in volume was also predictive of the time to conversion but only when initial volumes were above a certain threshold. This is important because it suggests that reduction in atrophy rate, which is the outcome of some clinical trials, is not inevitably associated with delay in conversion from MCI to AD.
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47
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Haeger A, Costa AS, Schulz JB, Reetz K. Cerebral changes improved by physical activity during cognitive decline: A systematic review on MRI studies. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 23:101933. [PMID: 31491837 PMCID: PMC6699421 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment in late-life cognitive impairment and dementia is still limited, and there is no cure for brain tissue degeneration or reversal of cognitive decline. Physical activity represents a promising non-pharmacological interventional approach in many diseases causing cognitive impairment, but its effect on brain integrity is still largely unknown. Especially research of cerebral alterations in disease state that goes beyond observations of clinical improvement is crucial to understand disease processes and possible effective treatments. In this systematic review, we address the question how physical activity and fitness in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) influences brain architecture compared to cognitively healthy elderly. We review both interventional studies comprising aerobic, coordinative and resistance exercises and observational studies on fitness and physical activity combined with Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI). Different MRI approaches were included such as volumetric and structural analyses, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), functional MRI and Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF). We evaluate MRI results for different exercise modalities and performed a methodological evaluation of interventional studies in cognitive decline compared to normal aging. According to our results, among 12 interventions in AD/MCI, aerobic exercise is most frequently applied (9 studies). Interventions in AD/MCI altogether reveal a higher methodological quality compared to interventions in healthy elderly (8.33 ± 2.19 vs. 6.25 ± 2.36 out of 13 points), with most frequent missing aspects related to descriptions of complications, lack of intention-to-treat and statistical power analyses. Effects of aerobic exercise and fitness seem to mainly impact brain structures sensitive to neurodegeneration, which especially comprise frontal, temporal and parietal regions, such as the hippocampal/parahippocampal region, precuneus, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex, which are reported by several studies. General fitness measured via an objective fitness assessment and questionnaires seems to have a more global cerebral effect, probably due to its long-term application, whereas distinct intervention effects of durations between 3 and 6 months seem to concentrate on more local brain regions as the hippocampus, which can also be influenced by region of interest analyses. There is still a lack of evidence on other or combined types of intervention modalities, such as resistance, coordinative as well as multicomponent exercise during cognitive decline, and complex interventions as dancing. Future research should examine their beneficial effect on brain integrity, since several non-MRI studies already point to their advantageous impact. As a further future prospect, combination and application of newly developed imaging methods such as metabolic imaging should be envisaged to understand physical activity and its cerebral influence under its many-sided facets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Haeger
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ana S Costa
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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48
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Prehn K, Lesemann A, Krey G, Witte AV, Köbe T, Grittner U, Flöel A. Using resting-state fMRI to assess the effect of aerobic exercise on functional connectivity of the DLPFC in older overweight adults. Brain Cogn 2019; 131:34-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Fairbairn P, Tsofliou F, Johnson A, Dyall SC. Combining a high DHA multi-nutrient supplement with aerobic exercise: Protocol for a randomised controlled study assessing mobility and cognitive function in older women. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 143:21-30. [PMID: 30975379 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a complex interplay between cognition and gait in older people, with declines in gait speed coexisting with, or preceding cognitive decline. Omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, vitamin E, phosphatidylserine, and Ginkgo Biloba show promise in preserving mobility and cognitive function in older adults. Exercise benefits mobility and there is evidence suggesting positive interactions between exercise and omega-3 fatty acids on physical and cognitive function in older adults. Non-frail or pre-frail females aged ≥60 years are included in a randomized placebo controlled study. Intervention groups are: high DHA multi-nutrient supplement and exercise, placebo supplement and exercise, high DHA multi-nutrient supplement, and placebo supplement. Dietary supplementation is 24 weeks. The exercise intervention, two cycle ergometer classes per week, is for the final 12 weeks. The primary outcome is habitual walking speed, secondary outcomes include gait variables under single and dual task, five times sit to stand, verbal and spatial memory, executive function, interference control and health related quality of life. Blood fatty acids, serum homocysteine, dietary intake, physical activity, and verbal intelligence are measured to assess compliance and control for confounding factors. The study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03228550).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fairbairn
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, U.K
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Dorset, U.K
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cognition and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Centre, Bournemouth University, Dorset, U.K
| | - Simon C Dyall
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, U.K.
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50
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Schättin A, Baier C, Mai D, Klamroth-Marganska V, Herter-Aeberli I, de Bruin ED. Effects of exergame training combined with omega-3 fatty acids on the elderly brain: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:81. [PMID: 30866834 PMCID: PMC6416848 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults often suffer from age- and behavior-related brain changes affecting neuronal functioning and, therefore, cognitive and motor functions. The improvement of these functions might decrease falls and improve mobility. Previous studies indicate that video game-based physical exercise, so-called exergames, or omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) improve motor and cognitive functioning through brain adaptations. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of exergame training combined with fish oil supplementation on neuronal system levels in the brain and behavioral measurements in older adults. We hypothesized that the combination would differently affect these factors compared to the sole administration of exergame. Methods Fifty-eight participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups (N = 29 each group) in a parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled trial lasting 26 weeks. The experimental group received daily fish oil, whereas the control group received daily olive oil. After 16 weeks, both groups started with an exergame training. Measurements were performed pre, during, and post intervention. Primary outcomes were recruitment curves using transcranial magnetic stimulation and response-locked potentials using electroencephalography. Secondary outcomes included executive functions and gait parameters. Blood samples were taken to control for FAs. Results Forty-three individuals (mean age 69.4 ± 4.6 years) completed the study (Nexperimental = 22, Ncontrol = 21). The results showed no significant time × group interaction effects for any parameters. Blood samples demonstrated significant time × group interaction effects. Post-hoc tests showed a significant increase of omega-3 FAs (p < .001) and a significant decrease of omega-6 FAs (p < .001) for the experimental group. Conclusion The combination of exergame training and fish oil did not lead to additional beneficial effects. To trigger possible effects, future studies should carefully consider study design aspects; e.g. study duration, individual nutritional supplementation dose, omega-3 FAs supplementation composition, and placebo. Furthermore, studies should consider neuroimaging methods as these might be more sensitive to assess early brain adaptations. Thus, future studies should be aware of several aspects running a combinatory study that includes omega-3 FAs according to their expected effects. Trial registration Swiss National Clinical Trials SNCTP000001623 and ISRCTN12084831 registered 30 November 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schättin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, HCP, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Corinne Baier
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, HCP, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Domenique Mai
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, HCP, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabelle Herter-Aeberli
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Human Nutrition, ETH Zurich, LFV D22, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, HCP, Leopold-Ruzicka-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Alle 23, 141 83, Huddinge, Sweden
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