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Amian JG, Fernandez-Portero C, de la Bella R, Arenilla-Villalba MJ, López-Lluch G, Alarcon D. Cognitive Reserve and Frontotemporal Disorders: Exploring the Relationship Between Education, Physical Activity, and Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults. Percept Mot Skills 2024; 131:720-736. [PMID: 38523555 DOI: 10.1177/00315125241241358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study we investigated the relationship between cognitive reserve (CR) proxies, such as education, physical activity (PA), and cognitive dysfunction (CD) in the presence or absence of frontotemporal disorders (FTD). Previous research has suggested that education and PA may delay the onset of CD and reduce the risk of developing dementia. However, it remains unclear whether these CR proxies can protect against CD when FTD is present. We aimed to explore this relationship and determine whether sustained CR may be evident regardless of FTD. We recruited 149 older adults (aged 65-99 years) from community centers where they were voluntarily participating in leisure activities. We used bioelectrical impedance to measure their body composition, and we administered the International PA Questionnaire and the Mini-Mental State Examination to measure their PA and cognitive function, respectively. We used the Frontal Assessment Battery to screen for frontotemporal dementia. Our results showed that people with FTD were older, had lower education, and engaged in less PA, relative to other participants. Regression models revealed that age, education, and PA were significant predictors of FTD. More specifically, FTD was negatively associated with cognitive functioning, and there were significant interaction effects between FTD and education and PA. PA and education were significant predictors of cognitive functioning, and, when values for PA and education were high, they offset the effects of FTD on cognitive function. These findings support impressions that PA and years of education provide an insulating or compensatory effect on cognitive functioning in older adults with executive dysfunction or frontotemporal dementia, highlighting the importance of encouraging both pursuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue G Amian
- Department of Social Anthropology, Psychology and Public Health, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernandez-Portero
- Department of Social Anthropology, Psychology and Public Health, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío de la Bella
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Andalusian Centre of Developmental Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Andalusian Centre of Developmental Biology, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, U729), IICS-Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Deportivo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Alarcon
- Department of Social Anthropology, Psychology and Public Health, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
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Curtin D, Taylor EM, Bellgrove MA, Chong TTJ, Coxon JP. Dopamine D2 Receptor Modulates Exercise Related Effect on Cortical Excitation/Inhibition and Motor Skill Acquisition. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2028232024. [PMID: 38553046 PMCID: PMC11079968 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2028-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise is known to benefit motor skill learning in health and neurological disease. Evidence from brain stimulation, genotyping, and Parkinson's disease studies converge to suggest that the dopamine D2 receptor, and shifts in the cortical excitation and inhibition (E:I) balance, are prime candidates for the drivers of exercise-enhanced motor learning. However, causal evidence using experimental pharmacological challenge is lacking. We hypothesized that the modulatory effect of the dopamine D2 receptor on exercise-induced changes in the E:I balance would determine the magnitude of motor skill acquisition. To test this, we measured exercise-induced changes in excitation and inhibition using paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in 22 healthy female and male humans, and then had participants learn a novel motor skill-the sequential visual isometric pinch task (SVIPT). We examined the effect of D2 receptor blockade (800 mg sulpiride) on these measures within a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Our key result was that motor skill acquisition was driven by an interaction between the D2 receptor and E:I balance. Specifically, poorer skill learning was related to an attenuated shift in the E:I balance in the sulpiride condition, whereas this interaction was not evident in placebo. Our results demonstrate that exercise-primed motor skill acquisition is causally influenced by D2 receptor activity on motor cortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Curtin
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Eleanor M Taylor
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Trevor T-J Chong
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - James P Coxon
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Johansson J, Ericsson M, Axelsson J, Bjerkén SA, Virel A, Karalija N. Amphetamine-induced dopamine release in rat: Whole-brain spatiotemporal analysis with [ 11C]raclopride and positron emission tomography. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:434-445. [PMID: 37882727 PMCID: PMC10870964 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231210128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Whole-brain mapping of drug effects are needed to understand the neural underpinnings of drug-related behaviors. Amphetamine administration is associated with robust increases in striatal dopamine (DA) release. Dopaminergic terminals are, however, present across several associative brain regions, which may contribute to behavioral effects of amphetamine. Yet the assessment of DA release has been restricted to a few brain regions of interest. The present work employed positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]raclopride to investigate regional and temporal characteristics of amphetamine-induced DA release across twenty sessions in adult female Sprague Dawley rats. Amphetamine was injected intravenously (2 mg/kg) to cause displacement of [11C]raclopride binding from DA D2-like receptors, assessed using temporally sensitive pharmacokinetic PET model (lp-ntPET). We show amphetamine-induced [11C]raclopride displacement in the basal ganglia, and no changes following saline injections. Peak occupancy was highest in nucleus accumbens, followed by caudate-putamen and globus pallidus. Importantly, significant amphetamine-induced displacement was also observed in several extrastriatal regions, and specifically in thalamus, insula, orbitofrontal cortex, and secondary somatosensory area. For these, peak occupancy occurred later and was lower as compared to the striatum. Collectively, these findings demonstrate distinct amphetamine-induced DA responses across the brain, and that [11C]raclopride-PET can be employed to detect such spatiotemporal differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Axelsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sara af Bjerkén
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Neurosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ana Virel
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina Karalija
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ando S, Fujimoto T, Sudo M, Watanuki S, Hiraoka K, Takeda K, Takagi Y, Kitajima D, Mochizuki K, Matsuura K, Katagiri Y, Nasir FM, Lin Y, Fujibayashi M, Costello JT, McMorris T, Ishikawa Y, Funaki Y, Furumoto S, Watabe H, Tashiro M. The neuromodulatory role of dopamine in improved reaction time by acute cardiovascular exercise. J Physiol 2024; 602:461-484. [PMID: 38165254 DOI: 10.1113/jp285173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute cardiovascular physical exercise improves cognitive performance, as evidenced by a reduction in reaction time (RT). However, the mechanistic understanding of how this occurs is elusive and has not been rigorously investigated in humans. Here, using positron emission tomography (PET) with [11 C]raclopride, in a multi-experiment study we investigated whether acute exercise releases endogenous dopamine (DA) in the brain. We hypothesized that acute exercise augments the brain DA system, and that RT improvement is correlated with this endogenous DA release. The PET study (Experiment 1: n = 16) demonstrated that acute physical exercise released endogenous DA, and that endogenous DA release was correlated with improvements in RT of the Go/No-Go task. Thereafter, using two electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) studies (Experiments 2 and 3: n = 18 and 22 respectively), we investigated what triggers RT improvement. The EMS studies indicated that EMS with moderate arm cranking improved RT, but RT was not improved following EMS alone or EMS combined with no load arm cranking. The novel mechanistic findings from these experiments are: (1) endogenous DA appears to be an important neuromodulator for RT improvement and (2) RT is only altered when exercise is associated with central signals from higher brain centres. Our findings explain how humans rapidly alter their behaviour using neuromodulatory systems and have significant implications for promotion of cognitive health. KEY POINTS: Acute cardiovascular exercise improves cognitive performance, as evidenced by a reduction in reaction time (RT). However, the mechanistic understanding of how this occurs is elusive and has not been rigorously investigated in humans. Using the neurochemical specificity of [11 C]raclopride positron emission tomography, we demonstrated that acute supine cycling released endogenous dopamine (DA), and that this release was correlated with improved RT. Additional electrical muscle stimulation studies demonstrated that peripherally driven muscle contractions (i.e. exercise) were insufficient to improve RT. The current study suggests that endogenous DA is an important neuromodulator for RT improvement, and that RT is only altered when exercise is associated with central signals from higher brain centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Fujimoto
- Institute of Excellence in Higher Education, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mizuki Sudo
- Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichi Watanuki
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hiraoka
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Takeda
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoko Takagi
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitajima
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kodai Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koki Matsuura
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Katagiri
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fairuz Mohd Nasir
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
| | - Yuchen Lin
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | | | - Joseph T Costello
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Terry McMorris
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Institue of Sport, Nursing and Allied Health, University of Chichester, Chichester, UK
| | - Yoichi Ishikawa
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Funaki
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shozo Furumoto
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watabe
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Manabu Tashiro
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Centre, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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Tyler J, Podaras M, Richardson B, Roeder N, Hammond N, Hamilton J, Blum K, Gold M, Baron DA, Thanos PK. High intensity interval training exercise increases dopamine D2 levels and modulates brain dopamine signaling. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1257629. [PMID: 38192549 PMCID: PMC10773799 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has outlined the health benefits of exercise including its therapeutic potential for substance use disorders (SUD). These data have already been utilized and it is now common to find exercise as part of SUD treatment and relapse prevention programs. However, we need to better understand different exercise regimens and determine which would be the most beneficial for SUDs. Recently, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has gained attention in comparison with aerobic and resistance exercise. Little is known regarding the neurobiological mechanisms of HIIT, including its effects on dopamine signaling and receptor levels in the brain. The present study examined the effects of chronic HIIT exercise on dopamine signaling as measured by dopamine type 1-like receptor (D1R)-like, dopamine type 2-like receptor (D2R)-like, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) quantification in the brains of male and female rats as measured by [3H] SCH 23390 and [3H] spiperone autoradiography, and TH-immunoreactive optical density values. Methods Rats were separated in two groups: sedentary and HIIT exercise. Exercise was on a treadmill for 30 min daily (10 3 min cycles) for six weeks with progressive speed increased up to 0.8 mph (21.5 m/min). Results Results showed for D2R-like binding, a significant effect across the ventral caudate putamen (V CPU) between sexes, such that mean D2R-like binding was 14% greater for males than females. In the nucleus accumbens shell (Nac Shell), the HIIT Exercise rats showed 16% greater D2R-like binding as compared to the sedentary rats. No significant effects of HIIT exercise were found across groups for brain D1R-like binding levels or TH expression. Conclusion These results suggest that HIIT exercise can modulate dopamine signaling by way of increased D2R. These findings support the premise that HIIT exercise plays an important role in dopamine signaling and, may provide a potential mechanism for how HIIT exercise can impact the brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tyler
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Madeline Podaras
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Brittany Richardson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nikki Hammond
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Center for Sports, Exercsie and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Mark Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David A. Baron
- Center for Sports, Exercsie and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Zou L, Herold F, Ludyga S, Kamijo K, Müller NG, Pontifex MB, Heath M, Kuwamizu R, Soya H, Hillman CH, Ando S, Alderman BL, Cheval B, Kramer AF. Look into my eyes: What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance? JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:568-591. [PMID: 37148971 PMCID: PMC10466196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive performance. To better understand those mechanisms, several studies have employed eye-based measures (e.g., eye movement measures such as saccades, pupillary measures such as pupil dilation, and vascular measures such as retinal vessel diameter) deemed to be proxies for specific neurobiological mechanisms. However, there is currently no systematic review providing a comprehensive overview of these studies in the field of exercise-cognition science. Thus, this review aimed to address that gap in the literature. METHODS To identify eligible studies, we searched 5 electronic databases on October 23, 2022. Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX scale, for interventional studies) and the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (for cross-sectional studies). RESULTS Our systematic review (n = 35 studies) offers the following main findings: (a) there is insufficient evidence available to draw solid conclusions concerning gaze-fixation-based measures; (b) the evidence that pupillometric measures, which are a proxy for the noradrenergic system, can explain the positive effect of acute exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance is mixed; (c) physical training- or fitness-related changes of the cerebrovascular system (operationalized via changes in retinal vasculature) are, in general, positively associated with cognitive performance improvements; (d) acute and chronic physical exercises show a positive effect based on an oculomotor-based measure of executive function (operationalized via antisaccade tasks); and (e) the positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance is partly mediated by the dopaminergic system (operationalized via spontaneous eye-blink rate). CONCLUSION This systematic review offers confirmation that eye-based measures can provide valuable insight into the neurobiological mechanisms that may drive positive associations between physical activity and fitness and measures of cognitive performance. However, due to the limited number of studies utilizing specific methods for obtaining eye-based measures (e.g., pupillometry, retinal vessel analysis, spontaneous eye blink rate) or investigating a possible dose-response relationship, further research is necessary before more nuanced conclusions can be drawn. Given that eye-based measures are economical and non-invasive, we hope this review will foster the future application of eye-based measures in the field of exercise-cognition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Keita Kamijo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan
| | - Notger G Müller
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Matthew B Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Matthew Heath
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Brandon L Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Yuan X, Li D, Hu Y, Qi M, Kong Y, Zhao C, Huang J, Song Y. Neural and behavioral evidence supporting the relationship between habitual exercise and working memory precision in healthy young adults. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1146465. [PMID: 37090810 PMCID: PMC10116001 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1146465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionWorking memory (WM) is a well-known fundamental ability related to various high-level cognitive functions, such as executive functioning, decision-making, and problem-solving. Although previous studies have posited that chronic exercise may improve cognitive functions, its underlying neural mechanisms and whether habitual exercise is associated with individual WM ability remain unclear.MethodsIn the current study, 36 participants reported their habitual physical activity through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). In addition to assessments of intelligence quotient (IQ), WM storage capacity (K score), and visuomotor coordination capacity, electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were recorded while the participants performed a WM precision task fusing conventional visual and motor retrospective cue (retro-cue) WM tasks.ResultsWe found that greater amounts of and higher frequencies of vigorous-intensity exercise were highly correlated with smaller recall errors in the WM precision task. Contralateral delay activity (CDA), a well-known WM-related event-related potential (ERP) component evoked by the valid retro-cue, predicted individual behavioral recall error. Participants who met the medium or high level of IPAQ criteria (the regular exercise group) showed smaller behavioral recall error and larger CDA than participants who did not meet the criteria (the irregular exercise group). The two groups did not differ in other assessments, such as IQ, WM storage capacity, and visuomotor coordination ability.DiscussionHabitual exercise was specifically correlated with individual differences in WM precision, rather than IQ, WM storage capacity, and visuomotor coordination ability, suggesting potential mechanisms of how modulations of chronic exercise improve cognition through visual and/or motor WM precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuye Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengdi Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanjun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Center for Cognition and Neuroergonomics, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Huang,
| | - Yan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Physical activity for cognitive health promotion: An overview of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101868. [PMID: 36736379 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is one of the modifiable factors of cognitive decline and dementia with the strongest evidence. Although many influential reviews have illustrated the neurobiological mechanisms of the cognitive benefits of physical activity, none of them have linked the neurobiological mechanisms to normal exercise physiology to help the readers gain a more advanced, comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon. In this review, we address this issue and provide a synthesis of the literature by focusing on five most studied neurobiological mechanisms. We show that the body's adaptations to enhance exercise performance also benefit the brain and contribute to improved cognition. Specifically, these adaptations include, 1), the release of growth factors that are essential for the development and growth of neurons and for neurogenesis and angiogenesis, 2), the production of lactate that provides energy to the brain and is involved in the synthesis of glutamate and the maintenance of long-term potentiation, 3), the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines that reduce neuroinflammation, 4), the increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant enzyme activity that reduce oxidative stress, and 5), the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and 5-HT that regulate neurogenesis and modulate cognition. We also discussed several issues relevant for prescribing physical activity, including what intensity and mode of physical activity brings the most cognitive benefits, based on their influence on the above five neurobiological mechanisms. We hope this review helps readers gain a general understanding of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the neurobiological mechanisms of the cognitive benefits of physical activity and guide them in designing new studies to further advance the field.
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von Cederwald BF, Johansson J, Riklund K, Karalija N, Boraxbekk CJ. White matter lesion load determines exercise-induced dopaminergic plasticity and working memory gains in aging. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:28. [PMID: 36720847 PMCID: PMC9889313 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related dopamine reductions have been suggested to contribute to maladaptive working memory (WM) function in older ages. One promising intervention approach is to increase physical activity, as this has been associated with plasticity of the striatal dopamine system and WM improvements, however with individual differences in efficacy. The present work focused on the impact of individual differences in white-matter lesion burden upon dopamine D2-like receptor (DRD2) availability and WM changes in response to a 6 months physical activity intervention. While the intervention altered striatal DRD2 availability and WM performance in individuals with no or only mild lesions (p < 0.05), no such effects were found in individuals with moderate-to-severe lesion severity (p > 0.05). Follow-up analyses revealed a similar pattern for processing speed, but not for episodic memory performance. Linear analyses further revealed that lesion volume (ml) at baseline was associated with reduced DRD2 availability (r = -0.41, p < 0.05), and level of DRD2 change (r = 0.40, p < 0.05). Taken together, this study underlines the necessity to consider cerebrovascular health in interventions with neurocognitive targets. Future work should assess whether these findings extend beyond measures of DRD2 availability and WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn Farnsworth von Cederwald
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden ,grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina Karalija
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. .,Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Center for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC) and Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Longitudinal stability in working memory and frontal activity in relation to general brain maintenance. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20957. [PMID: 36470934 PMCID: PMC9722656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functions are well-preserved for some older individuals, but the underlying brain mechanisms remain disputed. Here, 5-year longitudinal 3-back in-scanner and offline data classified individuals in a healthy older sample (baseline age = 64-68 years) into having stable or declining working-memory (WM). Consistent with a vital role of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), WM stability or decline was related to maintained or reduced longitudinal PFC functional responses. Subsequent analyses of imaging markers of general brain maintenance revealed higher levels in the stable WM group on measures of neurotransmission and vascular health. Also, categorical and continuous analyses showed that rate of WM decline was related to global (ventricles) and local (hippocampus) measures of neuronal integrity. Thus, our findings support a role of the PFC as well as general brain maintenance in explaining heterogeneity in longitudinal WM trajectories in aging.
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11
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Simonsson E, Stiernman LJ, Lundquist A, Rosendahl E, Hedlund M, Lindelöf N, Boraxbekk CJ. Dopamine D2/3-receptor availability and its association with autonomous motivation to exercise in older adults: An exploratory [11C]-raclopride study. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:997131. [DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.997131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAutonomous motivation to exercise occurs when the activity is voluntary and with a perceived inherent satisfaction from the activity itself. It has been suggested that autonomous motivation is related to striatal dopamine D2/3-receptor (D2/3R) availability within the brain. In this study, we hypothesized that D2/3R availability in three striatal regions (nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen) would be positively associated with self-reported autonomous motivation to exercise. We also examined this relationship with additional exploratory analyses across a set of a priori extrastriatal regions of interest (ROI).MethodsOur sample comprised 49 older adults (28 females) between 64 and 78 years of age. The D2/3R availability was quantified from positron emission tomography using the non-displaceable binding potential of [11C]-raclopride ligand. The exercise-related autonomous motivation was assessed with the Swedish version of the Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire-2.ResultsNo significant associations were observed between self-reported autonomous motivation to exercise and D2/3R availability within the striatum (nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and putamen) using semi-partial correlations controlling for ROI volume on D2/3R availability. For exploratory analyses, positive associations were observed for the superior (r = 0.289, p = 0.023) and middle frontal gyrus (r = 0.330, p = 0.011), but not for the inferior frontal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, or anterior insular cortex.ConclusionThis study could not confirm the suggested link between striatal D2/3R availability and subjective autonomous motivation to exercise among older adults. The exploratory findings, however, propose that frontal brain regions may be involved in the intrinsic regulation of exercise-related behaviors, though this has to be confirmed by future studies using a more suitable ligand and objective measures of physical activity levels.
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12
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Zong B, Yu F, Zhang X, Zhao W, Sun P, Li S, Li L. Understanding How Physical Exercise Improves Alzheimer’s Disease: Cholinergic and Monoaminergic Systems. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:869507. [PMID: 35663578 PMCID: PMC9158463 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.869507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the accumulation of proteinaceous aggregates and neurofibrillary lesions composed of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau, respectively. It has long been known that dysregulation of cholinergic and monoaminergic (i.e., dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and noradrenergic) systems is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Abnormalities in neuronal activity, neurotransmitter signaling input, and receptor function exaggerate Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Maintenance of normal neurotransmission is essential to halt AD progression. Most neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related drugs modulate the pathology of AD and improve cognitive function through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Exercise therapies provide an important alternative or adjunctive intervention for AD. Cumulative evidence indicates that exercise can prevent multiple pathological features found in AD and improve cognitive function through delaying the degeneration of cholinergic and monoaminergic neurons; increasing levels of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine; and modulating the activity of certain neurotransmitter-related GPCRs. Emerging insights into the mechanistic links among exercise, the neurotransmitter system, and AD highlight the potential of this intervention as a therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengzhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shichang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Li,
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13
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Nordin K, Gorbach T, Pedersen R, Panes Lundmark V, Johansson J, Andersson M, McNulty C, Riklund K, Wåhlin A, Papenberg G, Kalpouzos G, Bäckman L, Salami A. DyNAMiC: A prospective longitudinal study of dopamine and brain connectomes: A new window into cognitive aging. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1296-1320. [PMID: 35293013 PMCID: PMC9313590 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Concomitant exploration of structural, functional, and neurochemical brain mechanisms underlying age‐related cognitive decline is crucial in promoting healthy aging. Here, we present the DopamiNe, Age, connectoMe, and Cognition (DyNAMiC) project, a multimodal, prospective 5‐year longitudinal study spanning the adult human lifespan. DyNAMiC examines age‐related changes in the brain’s structural and functional connectome in relation to changes in dopamine D1 receptor availability (D1DR), and their associations to cognitive decline. Critically, due to the complete lack of longitudinal D1DR data, the true trajectory of one of the most age‐sensitive dopamine systems remains unknown. The first DyNAMiC wave included 180 healthy participants (20–80 years). Brain imaging included magnetic resonance imaging assessing brain structure (white matter, gray matter, iron), perfusion, and function (during rest and task), and positron emission tomography (PET) with the [11C]SCH23390 radioligand. A subsample (n = 20, >65 years) was additionally scanned with [11C]raclopride PET measuring D2DR. Age‐related variation was evident for multiple modalities, such as D1DR; D2DR, and performance across the domains of episodic memory, working memory, and perceptual speed. Initial analyses demonstrated an inverted u‐shaped association between D1DR and resting‐state functional connectivity across cortical network nodes, such that regions with intermediate D1DR levels showed the highest levels of nodal strength. Evident within each age group, this is the first observation of such an association across the adult lifespan, suggesting that emergent functional architecture depends on underlying D1DR systems. Taken together, DyNAMiC is the largest D1DR study worldwide, and will enable a comprehensive examination of brain mechanisms underlying age‐related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Nordin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tetiana Gorbach
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robin Pedersen
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Vania Panes Lundmark
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jarkko Johansson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Charlotte McNulty
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anders Wåhlin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Grégoria Kalpouzos
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Wu Z, Zhang H, Miao X, Li H, Pan H, Zhou D, Liu Y, Li Z, Wang J, Liu X, Zheng D, Li X, Wang W, Guo X, Tao L. High-intensity physical activity is not associated with better cognition in the elder: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2021; 13:182. [PMID: 34732248 PMCID: PMC8567563 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00923-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the association of physical activity (PA) intensity with cognitive performance at baseline and during follow-up. Methods A total of 4039 participants aged 45 years or above from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were enrolled in visit 1 (2011–2012) and followed for cognitive function in visit 2 (2013–2014), visit 3 (2015–2016), and visit 4 (2017–2018). We analyzed the association of PA intensity with global cognition, episodic memory, and mental intactness at baseline using adjusted regression methods and evaluated the long-term effect of PA intensity using multiple measures of cognition scores by mixed effect model. Results In cross-sectional analysis, mild and moderate PA, rather than vigorous PA, was associated with better cognitive performance. The results remained consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. During the follow-up, participant with mild PA had a 0.56 (95% CI 0.12–0.99) higher global cognition, 0.23 (95% CI 0.01–0.46) higher episodic memory, and 0.33 (95% CI 0.01–0.64) higher mental intactness, while those with moderate PA had a 0.74 (95% CI 0.32–1.17) higher global score, 0.32 (95% CI 0.09–0.54) higher episodic memory, and 0.43 (95% CI 0.12–0.74) higher mental intactness, compared with individuals without PA. Vigorous PA was not beneficial to the long-term cognitive performance. Conclusions Our study indicates that mild and moderate PA could improve cognitive performance, rather than the vigorous activity. The targeted intensity of PA might be more effective to achieve the greatest cognition improvement considering age and depressive status. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-021-00923-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China.,Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xinlei Miao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Haibin Li
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Pan
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jinqi Wang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Deqiang Zheng
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China. .,Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Lixin Tao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
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15
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Zhang R, Manza P, Tomasi D, Kim SW, Shokri-Kojori E, Demiral SB, Kroll DS, Feldman DE, McPherson KL, Biesecker CL, Wang GJ, Volkow ND. Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are distinctly associated with rest-activity rhythms and drug reward. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e149722. [PMID: 34264865 DOI: 10.1172/jci149722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain components of rest-activity rhythms such as greater eveningness (delayed phase), physical inactivity (blunted amplitude) and shift work (irregularity) are associated with increased risk for drug use. Dopaminergic (DA) signaling has been hypothesized to mediate the associations, though clinical evidence is lacking. METHODS We examined associations between rhythm components and striatal D1 (D1R) and D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability in 32 healthy adults (12 female, age: 42.40±12.22) and its relationship to drug reward. Rest-activity rhythms were assessed by one-week actigraphy combined with self-reports. [11C]NNC112 and [11C]raclopride Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans were conducted to measure D1R and D2/3R availability, respectively. Additionally, self-reported drug-rewarding effects of 60 mg oral methylphenidate were assessed. RESULTS We found that delayed rhythm was associated with higher D1R availability in caudate, which was not attributable to sleep loss or 'social jet lag', whereas physical inactivity was associated with higher D2/3R availability in nucleus accumbens (NAc). Delayed rest-activity rhythm, higher caudate D1R and NAc D2/3R availability were associated with greater sensitivity to the rewarding effects of methylphenidate. CONCLUSION These findings reveal specific components of rest-activity rhythms associated with striatal D1R, D2/3R availability and drug-rewarding effects. Personalized interventions that target rest-activity rhythms may help prevent and treat substance use disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03190954FUNDING. This work was accomplished with support from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (ZIAAA000550).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Peter Manza
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Sung Won Kim
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Ehsan Shokri-Kojori
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Sukru B Demiral
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Danielle S Kroll
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Dana E Feldman
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Katherine L McPherson
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Catherine L Biesecker
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Nora D Volkow
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Bethesda, United States of America
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16
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Kuwamizu R, Suwabe K, Damrongthai C, Fukuie T, Ochi G, Hyodo K, Hiraga T, Nagano-Saito A, Soya H. Spontaneous Eye Blink Rate Connects Missing Link between Aerobic Fitness and Cognition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1425-1433. [PMID: 33433152 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Higher aerobic fitness, a physiological marker of habitual physical activity, is likely to predict higher executive function based on the prefrontal cortex (PFC), according to current cross-sectional studies. The exact biological link between the brain and the brawn remains unclear, but the brain dopaminergic system, which acts as a driving force for physical activity and exercise, can be hypothesized to connect the missing link above. Recently, spontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR) was proposed and has been used as a potential, noninvasive marker of brain dopaminergic activity in the neuroscience field. To address the hypothesis above, we sought to determine whether sEBR is a mediator of the association between executive function and aerobic fitness. METHODS Thirty-five healthy young males (18-24 yr old) had their sEBR measured while staring at a fixation cross while at rest. They underwent an aerobic fitness assessment using a graded exercise test to exhaustion and performed a color-word Stroop task as an index of executive function. Stroop task-related cortical activation in the left dorsolateral PFC (l-DLPFC) was monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS Correlation analyses revealed significant correlations among higher aerobic fitness, less Stroop interference, and higher sEBR. Moreover, mediation analyses showed that sEBR significantly mediated the association between aerobic fitness and Stroop interference. In addition, higher sEBR was correlated with higher neural efficiency of the l-DLPFC (i.e., executive function was high, and the corresponding l-DLPFC activation was relatively low). CONCLUSION These results indicate that the sEBR mediates the association between aerobic fitness and executive function through prefrontal neural efficiency, which clearly supports the hypothesis that brain dopaminergic function works to connect, at least in part, the missing link between aerobic fitness and executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | | | | | - Takemune Fukuie
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | | | - Kazuki Hyodo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Taichi Hiraga
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
| | - Atsuko Nagano-Saito
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, JAPAN
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17
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Nordin K, Nyberg L, Andersson M, Karalija N, Riklund K, Bäckman L, Salami A. Distinct and Common Large-Scale Networks of the Hippocampal Long Axis in Older Age: Links to Episodic Memory and Dopamine D2 Receptor Availability. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3435-3450. [PMID: 33676372 PMCID: PMC8196260 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal longitudinal axis has been linked to dissociated functional networks relevant to episodic memory. However, the organization of axis-dependent networks and their relation to episodic memory in aging remains less explored. Moreover, age-related deterioration of the dopamine (DA) system, affecting memory and functional network properties, might constitute a source of reduced specificity of hippocampal networks in aging. Here, we characterized axis-dependent large-scale hippocampal resting-state networks, their relevance to episodic memory, and links to DA in older individuals (n = 170, 64–68 years). Partial least squares identified 2 dissociated networks differentially connected to the anterior and posterior hippocampus. These overlapped with anterior–temporal/posterior–medial networks in young adults, indicating preserved organization of axis-dependent connectivity in old age. However, axis-specific networks were overall unrelated to memory and hippocampal DA D2 receptor availability (D2DR) measured with [11C]-raclopride positron emission tomography. Further analyses identified a memory-related network modulated by hippocampal D2DR, equally connected to anterior–posterior regions. This network included medial frontal, posterior parietal, and striatal areas. The results add to the current understanding of large-scale hippocampal connectivity in aging, demonstrating axis-dependent connectivity with dissociated anterior and posterior networks, as well as a primary role in episodic memory of connectivity shared by regions along the hippocampalaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Nordin
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Micael Andersson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nina Karalija
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Bäckman
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, S-11330 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alireza Salami
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden.,Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, S-11330 Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Freiburghaus T, Svensson JE, Matheson GJ, Plavén-Sigray P, Lundberg J, Farde L, Cervenka S. Low convergent validity of [ 11C]raclopride binding in extrastriatal brain regions: A PET study of within-subject correlations with [ 11C]FLB 457. Neuroimage 2020; 226:117523. [PMID: 33144221 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine D2 receptors (D2-R) in extrastriatal brain regions are of high interest for research in a wide range of psychiatric and neurologic disorders. Pharmacological competition studies and test-retest experiments have shown high validity and reliability of the positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand [11C]FLB 457 for D2-R quantification in extrastriatal brain regions. However, this radioligand is not available at most research centers. Instead, the medium affinity radioligand [11C]raclopride, which has been extensively validated for quantification of D2-R in the high-density region striatum, has been applied also in studies on extrastriatal D2-R. Recently, the validity of this approach has been questioned by observations of low occupancy of [11C]raclopride in extrastriatal regions in a pharmacological competition study with quetiapine. Here, we utilise a data set of 16 healthy control subjects examined with both [11C]raclopride and [11C]FLB 457 to assess the correlation in binding potential (BPND) in extrastriatal brain regions. BPND was quantified using the simplified reference tissue model with cerebellum as reference region. The rank order of mean regional BPND values were similar for both radioligands, and corresponded to previously reported data, both post-mortem and using PET. Nevertheless, weak to moderate within-subject correlations were observed between [11C]raclopride and [11C]FLB 457 BPND extrastriatally (Pearson's R: 0.30-0.56), in contrast to very strong correlations between repeated [11C]FLB 457 measurements (Pearson's R: 0.82-0.98). In comparison, correlations between repeated [11C]raclopride measurements were low to moderate (Pearson's R: 0.28-0.75). These results are likely related to low signal to noise ratio of [11C]raclopride in extrastriatal brain regions, and further strengthen the recommendation that extrastriatal D2-R measures obtained with [11C]raclopride should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove Freiburghaus
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden.
| | - Jonas E Svensson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Granville J Matheson
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Pontus Plavén-Sigray
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden; Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Lundberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm SE -171 76, Sweden
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19
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Lövdén M, Fratiglioni L, Glymour MM, Lindenberger U, Tucker-Drob EM. Education and Cognitive Functioning Across the Life Span. Psychol Sci Public Interest 2020; 21:6-41. [PMID: 32772803 PMCID: PMC7425377 DOI: 10.1177/1529100620920576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive abilities are important predictors of educational and occupational performance, socioeconomic attainment, health, and longevity. Declines in cognitive abilities are linked to impairments in older adults' everyday functions, but people differ from one another in their rates of cognitive decline over the course of adulthood and old age. Hence, identifying factors that protect against compromised late-life cognition is of great societal interest. The number of years of formal education completed by individuals is positively correlated with their cognitive function throughout adulthood and predicts lower risk of dementia late in life. These observations have led to the propositions that prolonging education might (a) affect cognitive ability and (b) attenuate aging-associated declines in cognition. We evaluate these propositions by reviewing the literature on educational attainment and cognitive aging, including recent analyses of data harmonized across multiple longitudinal cohort studies and related meta-analyses. In line with the first proposition, the evidence indicates that educational attainment has positive effects on cognitive function. We also find evidence that cognitive abilities are associated with selection into longer durations of education and that there are common factors (e.g., parental socioeconomic resources) that affect both educational attainment and cognitive development. There is likely reciprocal interplay among these factors, and among cognitive abilities, during development. Education-cognitive ability associations are apparent across the entire adult life span and across the full range of education levels, including (to some degree) tertiary education. However, contrary to the second proposition, we find that associations between education and aging-associated cognitive declines are negligible and that a threshold model of dementia can account for the association between educational attainment and late-life dementia risk. We conclude that educational attainment exerts its influences on late-life cognitive function primarily by contributing to individual differences in cognitive skills that emerge in early adulthood but persist into older age. We also note that the widespread absence of educational influences on rates of cognitive decline puts constraints on theoretical notions of cognitive aging, such as the concepts of cognitive reserve and brain maintenance. Improving the conditions that shape development during the first decades of life carries great potential for improving cognitive ability in early adulthood and for reducing public-health burdens related to cognitive aging and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lövdén
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ulman Lindenberger
- Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Berlin, Germany, and London, United Kingdom
| | - Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin
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20
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Dohrn IM, Papenberg G, Winkler E, Welmer AK. Impact of dopamine-related genetic variants on physical activity in old age - a cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:68. [PMID: 32448293 PMCID: PMC7245799 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The beneficial effects of a physically active lifestyle in aging are well documented. Understanding the factors of importance for physical activity in older adults are therefore essential. Informed by animal and human data linking the dopamine system to motivation and reward processes, we investigated the associations between variations in dopamine genes and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Further, we aimed to verify whether higher age may exacerbate the impact of dopamine genes on physical activity. METHODS We analyzed data from 504 older adults, 66-87 years, from the population-based Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Physical activity was measured with activPAL accelerometers and DNA was extracted from blood samples for genotyping. We assessed the effects of three dopamine relevant genetic variations (DRD1, DRD2, and DRD3) on daily time in sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity using analyses of covariance, adjusting for sex, age and physical function. RESULTS Higher dopamine receptor efficacy was related to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, but not to light-intensity physical activity or sedentary time. DRD1 explained 2.7% of variance in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, with more pronounced effect in people aged ≥80 years, about 10% of explained variance. CONCLUSION Stronger genetic effects in older adults are in line with the well-established nonlinear effects of dopamine signaling on performance, expected to be exacerbated with aging. Individuals over 80 years, genetically predisposed to lower dopamine receptor efficacy, engaged on average 100 min/week in moderate-to-high physical activity, below the recommended levels beneficial for healthy aging. Our findings highlight that some individuals might need extra support to maintain a physically active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Mari Dohrn
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, Solna, SE-171 65, Sweden.
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, Solna, SE-171 65, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Winkler
- School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Anna-Karin Welmer
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 18 A, Solna, SE-171 65, Sweden.,Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Allied Health Professionals, Function Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Jonasson LS, Nyberg L, Axelsson J, Kramer AF, Riklund K, Boraxbekk CJ. Higher striatal D2-receptor availability in aerobically fit older adults but non-selective intervention effects after aerobic versus resistance training. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116044. [PMID: 31352122 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is much evidence that dopamine is vital for cognitive functioning in aging. Here we tested the hypothesis that aerobic exercise and fitness influence dopaminergic neurotransmission in the striatum, and in turn performance on offline working-memory updating tasks. Dopaminergic neurotransmission was measured by positron emission tomography (PET) and the non-displacable binding potential (BPND) of [11C]raclopride, i.e. dopamine (DA) D2-receptor (D2R) availability. Fifty-four sedentary older adults underwent a six-months exercise intervention, performing either aerobic exercise or stretching, toning, and resistance active control training. At baseline, higher aerobic fitness levels (VO2peak) were associated with higher BPND in the striatum, providing evidence of a link between an objective measure of aerobic fitness and D2R in older adults. BPND decreased substantially over the intervention in both groups but the intervention effects were non-selective with respect to exercise group. The decrease was several times larger than any previously estimated annual decline in D2R, potentially due to increased endogenous DA. Working-memory was unrelated to D2R both at baseline and following the intervention. To conclude, we provide partial evidence for a link between physical exercise and DA. Utilizing a PET protocol able to disentangle both D2R and DA levels could shed further light on whether, and how, aerobic exercise impacts the dopaminergic system in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars S Jonasson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Jan Axelsson
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Departments of Psychology and Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Katrine Riklund
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Center for Demographic and Aging Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.
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22
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Juarez EJ, Samanez-Larkin GR. Exercise, Dopamine, and Cognition in Older Age. Trends Cogn Sci 2019; 23:986-988. [PMID: 31703928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Jonasson et al. investigated whether individual differences in human dopamine receptors (D2R) were related to cognitive performance before and after a 6-month aerobic exercise intervention (compared with active control). While D2R decreased (perhaps counterintuitively) with exercise, there was no relationship between D2R and working memory at baseline or following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Juarez
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Gregory R Samanez-Larkin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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23
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Validity and reliability of extrastriatal [11C]raclopride binding quantification in the living human brain. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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24
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Brem AK, Sensi SL. Towards Combinatorial Approaches for Preserving Cognitive Fitness in Aging. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:885-897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Dopamine D 2/3 Binding Potential Modulates Neural Signatures of Working Memory in a Load-Dependent Fashion. J Neurosci 2018; 39:537-547. [PMID: 30478031 PMCID: PMC6335744 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1493-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) modulates corticostriatal connections. Studies in which imaging of the DA system is integrated with functional imaging during cognitive performance have yielded mixed findings. Some work has shown a link between striatal DA (measured by PET) and fMRI activations, whereas others have failed to observe such a relationship. One possible reason for these discrepant findings is differences in task demands, such that a more demanding task with greater prefrontal activations may yield a stronger association with DA. Moreover, a potential DA–BOLD association may be modulated by task performance. We studied 155 (104 normal-performing and 51 low-performing) healthy older adults (43% females) who underwent fMRI scanning while performing a working memory (WM) n-back task along with DA D2/3 PET assessment using [11C]raclopride. Using multivariate partial-least-squares analysis, we observed a significant pattern revealing positive associations of striatal as well as extrastriatal DA D2/3 receptors to BOLD response in the thalamo–striatal–cortical circuit, which supports WM functioning. Critically, the DA–BOLD association in normal-performing, but not low-performing, individuals was expressed in a load-dependent fashion, with stronger associations during 3-back than 1-/2-back conditions. Moreover, normal-performing adults expressing upregulated BOLD in response to increasing task demands showed a stronger DA–BOLD association during 3-back, whereas low-performing individuals expressed a stronger association during 2-back conditions. This pattern suggests a nonlinear DA–BOLD performance association, with the strongest link at the maximum capacity level. Together, our results suggest that DA may have a stronger impact on functional brain responses during more demanding cognitive tasks. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dopamine (DA) is a major neuromodulator in the CNS and plays a key role in several cognitive processes via modulating the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Some studies have shown a link between DA and BOLD, whereas others have failed to observe such a relationship. A possible reason for the discrepancy is differences in task demands, such that a more demanding task with greater prefrontal activations may yield a stronger association with DA. We examined the relationship of DA to BOLD response during working memory under three load conditions and found that the DA–BOLD association is expressed in a load-dependent fashion. These findings may help explain the disproportionate impairment evident in more effortful cognitive tasks in normal aging and in those suffering dopamine-dependent neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease).
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Dziembowska I, Kwapisz J, Izdebski P, Żekanowska E. Mild iron deficiency may affect female endurance and behavior. Physiol Behav 2018; 205:44-50. [PMID: 30267737 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The function of central nervous system (CNS) processes is highly dependent on iron containing enzymes and proteins. Therefore, even mild iron deficiency (ID) may result in decreased endurance, increased irritability and withdrawal behavior among women. The current study was designed to assess the effects of iron status on perceived energy level along with its electroencephalographical (EEG) correlates and cognitive capacity of young women, since this group is at particular risk of experiencing depleted iron stores and iron deficiency anemia. The study group consisted of 23 non-anemic women of reproductive age (20-32 years) during their follicular phase of menstrual cycle. All participants were moderately physically active with a mean weekly energy expenditure of 1110 ± 450 Metabolic Equivalent of Task per minute-(MET/min). The group's electroencephalographic (EEG) alpha asymmetry and psychometric data - intelligence, anxiety level and temperamental traits (activity, briskness, sensory sensitivity, emotional reactivity, perseveration and endurance) were assessed and compared between iron deficient (serum ferritin <12 μg/l) and iron sufficient (serum ferritin ≥12 μg/l) females. Participants with depleted iron stores reported lower levels of activity (p = .004; partial η2 = 0.34) and endurance (p = .038, partial η2 = 0.25), temperamental traits, and presented increased relative left EEG alpha activity in prefrontal regions (p = .004; partial η2 = 0.63), which is a characteristic EEG pattern for withdrawal tendencies. Iron-depleted females did not differ in anxiety and general intelligence scores from those which were iron sufficient, however needed more time (median difference: 3 min, p = .004; partial η2 = 0.53) to complete an administered intelligence test, which may reflect lowered endurance during a cognitive-demanding task. These data provide proof that that even mild iron deficiency may be connected with CNS function and lead to decreased endurance, or at least cognitive endurance, which may be a risk-factor for mood disorders. Therefore, more attention should be paid to preventing even mild iron deficiency, particularly among young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Dziembowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń; Curie - Skłodowskiej 9, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland.
| | - Justyna Kwapisz
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń; Curie - Skłodowskiej 9, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Paweł Izdebski
- Institute of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Leopolda Staffa 1, Bydgoszcz 85-867, Poland
| | - Ewa Żekanowska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń; Curie - Skłodowskiej 9, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
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