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Li X, Yang Y, Bai X, Wang X, Tan H, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Liu Q, Wu MN, Li Y. A brain-derived insulin signal encodes protein satiety for nutrient-specific feeding inhibition. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114282. [PMID: 38795342 PMCID: PMC11220824 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The suppressive effect of insulin on food intake has been documented for decades. However, whether insulin signals can encode a certain type of nutrients to regulate nutrient-specific feeding behavior remains elusive. Here, we show that in female Drosophila, a pair of dopaminergic neurons, tritocerebrum 1-dopaminergic neurons (T1-DANs), are directly activated by a protein-intake-induced insulin signal from insulin-producing cells (IPCs). Intriguingly, opto-activating IPCs elicits feeding inhibition for both protein and sugar, while silencing T1-DANs blocks this inhibition only for protein food. Elevating insulin signaling in T1-DANs or opto-activating these neurons is sufficient to mimic protein satiety. Furthermore, this signal is conveyed to local neurons of the protocerebral bridge (PB-LNs) and specifically suppresses protein intake. Therefore, our findings reveal that a brain-derived insulin signal encodes protein satiety and suppresses feeding behavior in a nutrient-specific manner, shedding light on the functional specificity of brain insulin signals in regulating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaobing Bai
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Houqi Tan
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qili Liu
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mark N Wu
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Biophysics, State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 100190, China.
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Abstract
The brain is designed not only with molecules and cellular processes that help to form memories but also with molecules and cellular processes that suppress the formation and retention of memory. The latter processes are critical for an efficient memory management system, given the vast amount of information that each person experiences in their daily activities and that most of this information becomes irrelevant with time. Thus, efficiency dictates that the brain should have processes for selecting the most critical information for storage and suppressing the irrelevant or forgetting it later should it escape the initial filters. Such memory suppressor molecules and processes are revealed by genetic or pharmacologic insults that lead to enhanced memory expression. We review here the predominant memory suppressor molecules and processes that have recently been discovered. They are diverse, as expected, because the brain is complex and employs many different strategies and mechanisms to form memories. They include the gene-repressive actions of small noncoding RNAs, repressors of protein synthesis, cAMP-mediated gene expression pathways, inter- and intracellular signaling pathways for normal forgetting, and others. A deep understanding of memory suppressor molecules and processes is necessary to fully comprehend how the brain forms, stabilizes, and retrieves memories and to reveal how brain disorders disrupt memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel C. Noyes
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ronald L. Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL, USA
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3
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Calin-Jageman RJ, Gonzalez Delgadillo B, Gamino E, Juarez Z, Kurkowski A, Musajeva N, Valdez L, Wittrock D, Wilsterman T, Zarate Torres J, Calin-Jageman IE. Evidence of Active-Forgetting Mechanisms? Blocking Arachidonic Acid Release May Slow Forgetting of Sensitization in Aplysia. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0516-23.2024. [PMID: 38538086 PMCID: PMC10999730 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0516-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term sensitization in Aplysia is accompanied by a persistent up-regulation of mRNA encoding the peptide neurotransmitter Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide (FMRFa), a neuromodulator that opposes the expression of sensitization through activation of the arachidonic acid second-messenger pathway. We completed a preregistered test of the hypothesis that FMRFa plays a critical role in the forgetting of sensitization. Aplysia received long-term sensitization training and were then given whole-body injections of vehicle (N = 27), FMRFa (N = 26), or 4-bromophenacylbromide (4-BPB; N = 31), a phospholipase inhibitor that prevents the release of arachidonic acid. FMRFa produced no changes in forgetting. 4-BPB decreased forgetting measured 6 d after training [d s = 0.55 95% CI(0.01, 1.09)], though the estimated effect size is uncertain. Our results provide preliminary evidence that forgetting of sensitization may be a regulated, active process in Aplysia, but could also indicate a role for arachidonic acid in stabilizing the induction of sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elise Gamino
- Neuroscience Program, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305
| | - Zayra Juarez
- Neuroscience Program, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305
| | - Anna Kurkowski
- Neuroscience Program, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305
| | - Nelly Musajeva
- Neuroscience Program, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305
| | - Leslie Valdez
- Neuroscience Program, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305
| | - Diana Wittrock
- Neuroscience Program, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305
| | - Theresa Wilsterman
- Neuroscience Program, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305
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4
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Berry JA, Guhle DC, Davis RL. Active forgetting and neuropsychiatric diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02521-9. [PMID: 38532011 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent and pioneering animal research has revealed the brain utilizes a variety of molecular, cellular, and network-level mechanisms used to forget memories in a process referred to as "active forgetting". Active forgetting increases behavioral flexibility and removes irrelevant information. Individuals with impaired active forgetting mechanisms can experience intrusive memories, distressing thoughts, and unwanted impulses that occur in neuropsychiatric diseases. The current evidence indicates that active forgetting mechanisms degrade, or mask, molecular and cellular memory traces created in synaptic connections of "engram cells" that are specific for a given memory. Combined molecular genetic/behavioral studies using Drosophila have uncovered a complex system of cellular active-forgetting pathways within engram cells that is regulated by dopamine neurons and involves dopamine-nitric oxide co-transmission and reception, endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ signaling, and cytoskeletal remodeling machinery regulated by small GTPases. Some of these molecular cellular mechanisms have already been found to be conserved in mammals. Interestingly, some pathways independently regulate forgetting of distinct memory types and temporal phases, suggesting a multi-layering organization of forgetting systems. In mammals, active forgetting also involves modulation of memory trace synaptic strength by altering AMPA receptor trafficking. Furthermore, active-forgetting employs network level mechanisms wherein non-engram neurons, newly born-engram neurons, and glial cells regulate engram synapses in a state and experience dependent manner. Remarkably, there is evidence for potential coordination between the network and cellular level forgetting mechanisms. Finally, subjects with several neuropsychiatric diseases have been tested and shown to be impaired in active forgetting. Insights obtained from research on active forgetting in animal models will continue to enrich our understanding of the brain dysfunctions that occur in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Berry
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Dana C Guhle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AL, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA.
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5
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Abubaker MB, Hsu FY, Feng KL, Chu LA, de Belle JS, Chiang AS. Asymmetric neurons are necessary for olfactory learning in the Drosophila brain. Curr Biol 2024; 34:946-957.e4. [PMID: 38320552 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Animals have complementary parallel memory systems that process signals from various sensory modalities. In the brain of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, mushroom body (MB) circuitry is the primary associative neuropil, critical for all stages of olfactory memory. Here, our findings suggest that active signaling from specific asymmetric body (AB) neurons is also crucial for this process. These AB neurons respond to odors and electric shock separately and exhibit timing-sensitive neuronal activity in response to paired stimulation while leaving a decreased memory trace during retrieval. Our experiments also show that rutabaga-encoded adenylate cyclase, which mediates coincidence detection, is required for learning and short-term memory in both AB and MB. We observed additive effects when manipulating rutabaga co-expression in both structures. Together, these results implicate the AB in playing a critical role in associative olfactory learning and short-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fu-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Lin Feng
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Li-An Chu
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - J Steven de Belle
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA; School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; MnemOdyssey LLC, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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6
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Loreto JS, Ferreira SA, de Almeida P, da Rocha JBT, Barbosa NV. Screening for Differentially Expressed Memory Genes on a Diabetes Model Induced by High-Sugar Diet in Drosophila melanogaster: Potential Markers for Memory Deficits. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1225-1236. [PMID: 37698834 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been shown to affect a series of cognitive processes including memory, increasing the risk for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although increasing evidence has supported that both diseases share common features, the pathophysiological mechanisms connecting these two disorders remain to be fully elucidated. Herein, we used Drosophila melanogaster fed on a high-sugar diet (HSD) to mimic T2DM, and investigate its effects on memory as well as identify potential molecular players associated with the memory deficits induced by HSD. Flies hatched from and reared on HSD for 7 days had a substantial decrease in short-term memory (STM). The screening for memory-related genes using transcriptome data revealed that HSD altered the expression of 33% of memory genes in relation to the control. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a fold change (FC) higher than two, we found five genes, related to synapse and memory trace formation, that could be considered strong candidates to underlie the STM deficits in HSD flies: Abl tyrosine kinase (Abl), bruchpilot (Brp), minibrain (Mnb), shaker (Sh), and gilgamesh (Gish). We also analyzed genes from the dopamine system, one of the most relevant signaling pathways for olfactory memory. Interestingly, the flies fed on HSD presented a decreased expression of the Tyrosine hydroxylase (Ple) and Dopa decarboxylase (Ddc) genes, signals of a possible dopamine deficiency. In this work, we present promising biomarkers to investigate molecular networks shared between T2DM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sepel Loreto
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Antunes Ferreira
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Pâmela de Almeida
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- Centro de Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, Santa Maria, RS, 1000, 97105-900, Brazil.
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7
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Zhuravlev AV, Vetrovoy OV, Zalomaeva ES, Egozova ES, Nikitina EA, Savvateeva-Popova EV. Overexpression of the limk1 Gene in Drosophila melanogaster Can Lead to Suppression of Courtship Memory in Males. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:393-406. [PMID: 38648760 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924030015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Courtship suppression is a behavioral adaptation of the fruit fly. When majority of the females in a fly population are fertilized and non-receptive for mating, a male, after a series of failed attempts, decreases its courtship activity towards all females, saving its energy and reproductive resources. The time of courtship decrease depends on both duration of unsuccessful courtship and genetically determined features of the male nervous system. Thereby, courtship suppression paradigm can be used for studying molecular mechanisms of learning and memory. p-Cofilin, a component of the actin remodeling signaling cascade and product of LIM-kinase 1 (LIMK1), regulates Drosophila melanogaster forgetting in olfactory learning paradigm. Previously, we have shown that limk1 suppression in the specific types of nervous cells differently affects fly courtship memory. Here, we used Gal4 > UAS system to induce limk1 overexpression in the same types of neurons. limk1 activation in the mushroom body, glia, and fruitless neurons decreased learning index compared to the control strain or the strain with limk1 knockdown. In cholinergic and dopaminergic/serotoninergic neurons, both overexpression and knockdown of limk1 impaired Drosophila short-term memory. Thus, proper balance of the limk1 activity is crucial for normal cognitive activity of the fruit fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr V Zhuravlev
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Oleg V Vetrovoy
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina S Zalomaeva
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
- Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S Egozova
- Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina A Nikitina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
- Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russia
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8
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McMillen A, Chew Y. Neural mechanisms of dopamine function in learning and memory in Caenorhabditis elegans. Neuronal Signal 2024; 8:NS20230057. [PMID: 38572143 PMCID: PMC10987485 DOI: 10.1042/ns20230057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Research into learning and memory over the past decades has revealed key neurotransmitters that regulate these processes, many of which are evolutionarily conserved across diverse species. The monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine is one example of this, with countless studies demonstrating its importance in regulating behavioural plasticity. However, dopaminergic neural networks in the mammalian brain consist of hundreds or thousands of neurons, and thus cannot be studied at the level of single neurons acting within defined neural circuits. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has an experimentally tractable nervous system with a completely characterized synaptic connectome. This makes it an advantageous system to undertake mechanistic studies into how dopamine encodes lasting yet flexible behavioural plasticity in the nervous system. In this review, we synthesize the research to date exploring the importance of dopaminergic signalling in learning, memory formation, and forgetting, focusing on research in C. elegans. We also explore the potential for dopamine-specific fluorescent biosensors in C. elegans to visualize dopaminergic neural circuits during learning and memory formation in real-time. We propose that the use of these sensors in C. elegans, in combination with optogenetic and other light-based approaches, will further illuminate the detailed spatiotemporal requirements for encoding behavioural plasticity in an accessible experimental system. Understanding the key molecules and circuit mechanisms that regulate learning and forgetting in more compact invertebrate nervous systems may reveal new druggable targets for enhancing memory storage and delaying memory loss in bigger brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna McMillen
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yee Lian Chew
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, South Australia, Australia
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9
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Zhou F, Tichy AM, Imambocus BN, Sakharwade S, Rodriguez Jimenez FJ, González Martínez M, Jahan I, Habib M, Wilhelmy N, Burre V, Lömker T, Sauter K, Helfrich-Förster C, Pielage J, Grunwald Kadow IC, Janovjak H, Soba P. Optimized design and in vivo application of optogenetically functionalized Drosophila dopamine receptors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8434. [PMID: 38114457 PMCID: PMC10730509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulatory signaling via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) plays a pivotal role in regulating neural network function and animal behavior. The recent development of optogenetic tools to induce G protein-mediated signaling provides the promise of acute and cell type-specific manipulation of neuromodulatory signals. However, designing and deploying optogenetically functionalized GPCRs (optoXRs) with accurate specificity and activity to mimic endogenous signaling in vivo remains challenging. Here we optimize the design of optoXRs by considering evolutionary conserved GPCR-G protein interactions and demonstrate the feasibility of this approach using two Drosophila Dopamine receptors (optoDopRs). These optoDopRs exhibit high signaling specificity and light sensitivity in vitro. In vivo, we show receptor and cell type-specific effects of dopaminergic signaling in various behaviors, including the ability of optoDopRs to rescue the loss of the endogenous receptors. This work demonstrates that optoXRs can enable optical control of neuromodulatory receptor-specific signaling in functional and behavioral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Zhou
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra-Madelaine Tichy
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bibi Nusreen Imambocus
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shreyas Sakharwade
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Francisco J Rodriguez Jimenez
- Institute of Physiology II, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute of Life and Health, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Marco González Martínez
- Institute of Physiology II, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- Institute of Physiology II, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Margarita Habib
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nina Wilhelmy
- Division of Neurobiology and Zoology, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Vanessa Burre
- Division of Neurobiology and Zoology, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tatjana Lömker
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sauter
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Jan Pielage
- Division of Neurobiology and Zoology, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ilona C Grunwald Kadow
- Institute of Physiology II, University Clinic Bonn (UKB), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- ZIEL-Institute of Life and Health, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Harald Janovjak
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, 5042, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Soba
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
- Neuronal Patterning and Connectivity laboratory, Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Yamazaki D, Maeyama Y, Tabata T. Combinatory Actions of Co-transmitters in Dopaminergic Systems Modulate Drosophila Olfactory Memories. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8294-8305. [PMID: 37429719 PMCID: PMC10711700 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2152-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine neurons (DANs) are extensively studied in the context of associative learning, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. In the acquisition of male and female Drosophila olfactory memory, the PAM cluster of DANs provides the reward signal, and the PPL1 cluster of DANs sends the punishment signal to the Kenyon cells (KCs) of mushroom bodies, the center for memory formation. However, thermo-genetical activation of the PPL1 DANs after memory acquisition impaired aversive memory, and that of the PAM DANs impaired appetitive memory. We demonstrate that the knockdown of glutamate decarboxylase, which catalyzes glutamate conversion to GABA in PAM DANs, potentiated the appetitive memory. In addition, the knockdown of glutamate transporter in PPL1 DANs potentiated aversive memory, suggesting that GABA and glutamate co-transmitters act in an inhibitory manner in olfactory memory formation. We also found that, in γKCs, the Rdl receptor for GABA and the mGluR DmGluRA mediate the inhibition. Although multiple-spaced training is required to form long-term aversive memory, a single cycle of training was sufficient to develop long-term memory when the glutamate transporter was knocked down, in even a single subset of PPL1 DANs. Our results suggest that the mGluR signaling pathway may set a threshold for memory acquisition to allow the organisms' behaviors to adapt to changing physiological conditions and environments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the acquisition of olfactory memory in Drosophila, the PAM cluster of dopamine neurons (DANs) mediates the reward signal, while the PPL1 cluster of DANs conveys the punishment signal to the Kenyon cells of the mushroom bodies, which serve as the center for memory formation. We found that GABA co-transmitters in the PAM DANs and glutamate co-transmitters in the PPL1 DANs inhibit olfactory memory formation. Our findings demonstrate that long-term memory acquisition, which typically necessitates multiple-spaced training sessions to establish aversive memory, can be triggered with a single training cycle in cases where the glutamate co-transmission is inhibited, even within a single subset of PPL1 DANs, suggesting that the glutamate co-transmission may modulate the threshold for memory acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamazaki
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuko Maeyama
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tabata
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
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11
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Wang CM, Wu CY, Lin CE, Hsu MC, Lin JC, Huang CC, Lien TY, Lin HK, Chang TW, Chiang HC. Forgotten memory storage and retrieval in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7153. [PMID: 37935667 PMCID: PMC10630420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42753-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inaccessibility of stored memory in ensemble cells through the forgetting process causes animals to be unable to respond to natural recalling cues. While accumulating evidence has demonstrated that reactivating memory-stored cells can switch cells from an inaccessible state to an accessible form and lead to recall of previously learned information, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. The current study used Drosophila as a model to demonstrate that the memory of one-trial aversive olfactory conditioning, although inaccessible within a few hours after learning, is stored in KCαβ and retrievable after mild retraining. One-trial aversive conditioning triggers protein synthesis to form a long-lasting cellular memory trace, approximately 20 days, via creb in KCαβ, and a transient cellular memory trace, approximately one day, via orb in MBON-α3. PPL1-α3 negatively regulates forgotten one-trial conditioning memory retrieval. The current study demonstrated that KCαβ, PPL1-α3, and MBON-α3 collaboratively regulate the formation of forgotten one-cycle aversive conditioning memory formation and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun-Yuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-En Lin
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chi Hsu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Chun Lin
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan-Chin Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Yu Lien
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Kai Lin
- Department of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Wei Chang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsueh-Cheng Chiang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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12
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Kato A, Ohta K, Okanoya K, Kazama H. Dopaminergic neurons dynamically update sensory values during olfactory maneuver. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113122. [PMID: 37757823 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons (DANs) drive associative learning to update the value of sensory cues, but their contribution to the assessment of sensory values outside the context of association remains largely unexplored. Here, we show in Drosophila that DANs in the mushroom body encode the innate value of odors and constantly update the current value by inducing plasticity during olfactory maneuver. Our connectome-based network model linking all the way from the olfactory neurons to DANs reproduces the characteristics of DAN responses, proposing a concrete circuit mechanism for computation. Downstream of DANs, odors alone induce value- and dopamine-dependent changes in the activity of mushroom body output neurons, which store the current value of odors. Consistent with this neural plasticity, specific sets of DANs bidirectionally modulate flies' steering in a virtual olfactory environment. Thus, the DAN circuit known for discrete, associative learning also continuously updates odor values in a nonassociative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Kato
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ohta
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; RIKEN CBS-KAO Collaboration Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okanoya
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hokto Kazama
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; RIKEN CBS-KAO Collaboration Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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13
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Yan L, Wu L, Wiggin TD, Su X, Yan W, Li H, Li L, Lu Z, Meng Z, Guo F, Griffith LC, Li F, Liu C. Brief Change in Dopamine Activity during Consolidation Impairs Long-Term Memory via Sleep Disruption. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563499. [PMID: 37961167 PMCID: PMC10634733 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances are associated with poor long-term memory (LTM) formation, yet the underlying cell types and neural circuits involved have not been fully decoded. Dopamine neurons (DANs) are involved in memory processing at multiple stages. Here, we show that brief activation of protocerebral anterior medial DANs (PAM-DANs) or inhibition of a pair of dorsal posterior medial (DPM) neurons during the first few hours of memory consolidation impairs 24 h LTM. Interestingly, sleep deprivation elevates the neural activity of PAM-DANs and DPM neurons, and brief thermos-activation of PAM-DANs or inactivation of DPM neurons results in sleep loss and fragmentation. Pharmacological rescue of sleep after this manipulation restores LTM. A specific subset of PAM-DANs, PAM-α1 that synapse onto DPM neurons specify the microcircuit that links sleep and memory. PAM-DANs, including PAM-α1, form functional synapses with DPM neurons mainly via Dop1R1 receptor to inhibit DPM. Our data suggest that the post-training activity of PAM(-α1)-DPM microcircuit, especially during memory consolidation, plays an essential role in maintaining the sleep necessary for LTM consolidation, providing a new cellular and circuit basis for the complex relationship between sleep and memory.
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14
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Wu L, Liu C. Integrated neural circuits of sleep and memory regulation in Drosophila. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 59:101105. [PMID: 37625641 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and memory are highly intertwined, yet the integrative neural network of these two fundamental physiological behaviors remains poorly understood. Multiple cell types and structures of the Drosophila brain have been shown involved in the regulation of sleep and memory, and recent efforts are focusing on bridging them at molecular and circuit levels. Here, we briefly review 1) identified neurons as key nodes of olfactory-associative memory circuits involved in different memory processes; 2) how neurons of memory circuits participate in sleep regulation; and 3) other cell types and circuits besides the mushroom body in linking sleep and memory. We also attempt to provide the remaining gaps of circuitry integration of sleep and memory, which may spark some new thinking for future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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15
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Mougkogiannis P, Adamatzky A. Learning in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230936. [PMID: 37830018 PMCID: PMC10565364 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteinoids are thermal proteins which form microspheres in water in the presence of salt. Ensembles of proteinoid microspheres exhibit passive nonlinear electrical properties and active neuron-like spiking of electrical potential. We propose that various neuromorphic computing architectures can be prototyped from the proteinoid microspheres. A key feature of a neuromorphic system is a learning. Through the use of optical and resistance measurements, we study mechanisms of learning in ensembles of proteinoid microspheres. We analyse 16 types of proteinoids study and their intrinsic morphology and electrical properties. We demonstrate that proteinoids can learn, memorize and habituate, making them a promising candidate for novel computing.
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16
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Takakura M, Lam YH, Nakagawa R, Ng MY, Hu X, Bhargava P, Alia AG, Gu Y, Wang Z, Ota T, Kimura Y, Morimoto N, Osakada F, Lee AY, Leung D, Miyashita T, Du J, Okuno H, Hirano Y. Differential second messenger signaling via dopamine neurons bidirectionally regulates memory retention. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304851120. [PMID: 37639608 PMCID: PMC10483633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304851120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory formation and forgetting unnecessary memory must be balanced for adaptive animal behavior. While cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling via dopamine neurons induces memory formation, here we report that cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling via dopamine neurons launches forgetting of unconsolidated memory in Drosophila. Genetic screening and proteomic analyses showed that neural activation induces the complex formation of a histone H3K9 demethylase, Kdm4B, and a GMP synthetase, Bur, which is necessary and sufficient for forgetting unconsolidated memory. Kdm4B/Bur is activated by phosphorylation through NO-dependent cGMP signaling via dopamine neurons, inducing gene expression, including kek2 encoding a presynaptic protein. Accordingly, Kdm4B/Bur activation induced presynaptic changes. Our data demonstrate a link between cGMP signaling and synapses via gene expression in forgetting, suggesting that the opposing functions of memory are orchestrated by distinct signaling via dopamine neurons, which affects synaptic integrity and thus balances animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Takakura
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu Hong Lam
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Reiko Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cell-Free Protein Synthesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe650-0047, Japan
| | - Man Yung Ng
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Priyanshu Bhargava
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Abdalla G. Alia
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yuzhe Gu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zigao Wang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Takeshi Ota
- SHIONOGI & CO., LTD, Analysis and Evaluation Laboratory, Bio Analytical 1, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Toyonaka-shi, Osaka561-0825, Japan
| | - Yoko Kimura
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Nao Morimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido060-0815, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Osakada
- Laboratory of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi464-8601, Japan
| | - Ah Young Lee
- Center for Epigenomics Research, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Danny Leung
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Center for Epigenomics Research, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Tomoyuki Miyashita
- Learning and Memory Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo156-8506, Japan
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Entomology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Hiroyuki Okuno
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima890-8544, Japan
| | - Yukinori Hirano
- SK Project, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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17
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Davis RL. Learning and memory using Drosophila melanogaster: a focus on advances made in the fifth decade of research. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad085. [PMID: 37212449 PMCID: PMC10411608 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, researchers using Drosophila melanogaster have made extraordinary progress in uncovering the mysteries underlying learning and memory. This progress has been propelled by the amazing toolkit available that affords combined behavioral, molecular, electrophysiological, and systems neuroscience approaches. The arduous reconstruction of electron microscopic images resulted in a first-generation connectome of the adult and larval brain, revealing complex structural interconnections between memory-related neurons. This serves as substrate for future investigations on these connections and for building complete circuits from sensory cue detection to changes in motor behavior. Mushroom body output neurons (MBOn) were discovered, which individually forward information from discrete and non-overlapping compartments of the axons of mushroom body neurons (MBn). These neurons mirror the previously discovered tiling of mushroom body axons by inputs from dopamine neurons and have led to a model that ascribes the valence of the learning event, either appetitive or aversive, to the activity of different populations of dopamine neurons and the balance of MBOn activity in promoting avoidance or approach behavior. Studies of the calyx, which houses the MBn dendrites, have revealed a beautiful microglomeruluar organization and structural changes of synapses that occur with long-term memory (LTM) formation. Larval learning has advanced, positioning it to possibly lead in producing new conceptual insights due to its markedly simpler structure over the adult brain. Advances were made in how cAMP response element-binding protein interacts with protein kinases and other transcription factors to promote the formation of LTM. New insights were made on Orb2, a prion-like protein that forms oligomers to enhance synaptic protein synthesis required for LTM formation. Finally, Drosophila research has pioneered our understanding of the mechanisms that mediate permanent and transient active forgetting, an important function of the brain along with acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval. This was catalyzed partly by the identification of memory suppressor genes-genes whose normal function is to limit memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, University of Florida, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
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18
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Wang W, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. Roles of Rac1-Dependent Intrinsic Forgetting in Memory-Related Brain Disorders: Demon or Angel. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10736. [PMID: 37445914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals are required to handle daily massive amounts of information in an ever-changing environment, and the resulting memories and experiences determine their survival and development, which is critical for adaptive evolution. However, intrinsic forgetting, which actively deletes irrelevant information, is equally important for memory acquisition and consolidation. Recently, it has been shown that Rac1 activity plays a key role in intrinsic forgetting, maintaining the balance of the brain's memory management system in a controlled manner. In addition, dysfunctions of Rac1-dependent intrinsic forgetting may contribute to memory deficits in neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, these new findings will provide insights into the neurobiology of memory and forgetting, pathological mechanisms and potential therapies for brain disorders that alter intrinsic forgetting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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19
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Zhuravlev AV, Zalomaeva ES, Egozova ES, Sokurova VV, Nikitina EA, Savvateeva-Popova EV. LIM-kinase 1 effects on memory abilities and male courtship song in Drosophila depend on the neuronal type. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:250-263. [PMID: 37293442 PMCID: PMC10244584 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal pathway of actin remodeling, including LIM-kinase 1 (LIMK1) and its substrate cofilin, regulates multiple processes in neurons of vertebrates and invertebrates. Drosophila melanogaster is widely used as a model object for studying mechanisms of memory formation, storage, retrieval and forgetting. Previously, active forgetting in Drosophila was investigated in the standard Pavlovian olfactory conditioning paradigm. The role of specific dopaminergic neurons (DAN) and components of the actin remodeling pathway in different forms of forgetting was shown. In our research, we investigated the role of LIMK1 in Drosophila memory and forgetting in the conditioned courtship suppression paradigm (CCSP). In the Drosophila brain, LIMK1 and p-cofilin levels appeared to be low in specific neuropil structures, including the mushroom body (MB) lobes and the central complex. At the same time, LIMK1 was observed in cell bodies, such as DAN clusters regulating memory formation in CCSP. We applied GAL4 × UAS binary system to induce limk1 RNA interference in different types of neurons. The hybrid strain with limk1 interference in MB lobes and glia showed an increase in 3-h short-term memory (STM), without significant effects on long-term memory. limk1 interference in cholinergic neurons (CHN) impaired STM, while its interference in DAN and serotoninergic neurons (SRN) also dramatically impaired the flies' learning ability. By contrast, limk1 interference in fruitless neurons (FRN) resulted in increased 15-60 min STM, indicating a possible LIMK1 role in active forgetting. Males with limk1 interference in CHN and FRN also showed the opposite trends of courtship song parameters changes. Thus, LIMK1 effects on the Drosophila male memory and courtship song appeared to depend on the neuronal type or brain structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Zhuravlev
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E S Zalomaeva
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, RussiaHerzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E S Egozova
- Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V V Sokurova
- Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Nikitina
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E V Savvateeva-Popova
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Yang Q, Zhou J, Wang L, Hu W, Zhong Y, Li Q. Spontaneous recovery of reward memory through active forgetting of extinction memory. Curr Biol 2023; 33:838-848.e3. [PMID: 36731465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Learned behavior can be suppressed by the extinction procedure. Such extinguished memory often returns spontaneously over time, making it difficult to treat diseases such as addiction. However, the biological mechanisms underlying such spontaneous recovery remain unclear. Here, we report that the extinguished reward memory in Drosophila recovers spontaneously because extinction training forms an aversive memory that can be actively forgotten via the Rac1/Dia pathway. Manipulating Rac1 activity does not affect sugar-reward memory and its immediate extinction effect but bidirectionally regulates spontaneous recovery-the decay process of extinction. Experiments using thermogenetic inhibition and functional imaging support that such extinction appears to be coded as an aversive experience. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of formin Dia, a downstream effector of Rac1, specifically prevents spontaneous recovery after extinction in both behavioral performance and corresponding physiological traces. Together, our data suggest that spontaneous recovery is caused by active forgetting of the opposing extinction memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wantong Hu
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qian Li
- School of Life Sciences, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
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21
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Noyes NC, Davis RL. Innate and learned odor-guided behaviors utilize distinct molecular signaling pathways in a shared dopaminergic circuit. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112026. [PMID: 36701232 PMCID: PMC10366338 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Odor-based learning and innate odor-driven behavior have been hypothesized to require separate neuronal circuitry. Contrary to this notion, innate behavior and olfactory learning were recently shown to share circuitry that includes the Drosophila mushroom body (MB). But how a single circuit drives two discrete behaviors remains unknown. Here, we define an MB circuit responsible for both olfactory learning and innate odor avoidance and the distinct dDA1 dopamine receptor-dependent signaling pathways that mediate these behaviors. Associative learning and learning-induced MB plasticity require rutabaga-encoded adenylyl cyclase activity in the MB. In contrast, innate odor preferences driven by naive MB neurotransmission are rutabaga independent, requiring the adenylyl cyclase ACXD. Both learning and innate odor preferences converge on PKA and the downstream MBON-γ2α'1. Importantly, the utilization of this shared circuitry for innate behavior only becomes apparent with hunger, indicating that hardwired innate behavior becomes more flexible during states of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel C Noyes
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, 130 Scripps Way #3C2, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, 130 Scripps Way #3C2, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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22
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Loh YM, Su MP, Ellis DA, Andrés M. The auditory efferent system in mosquitoes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1123738. [PMID: 36923250 PMCID: PMC10009176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1123738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst acoustic communication forms an integral component of the mating behavior of many insect species, it is particularly crucial for disease-transmitting mosquitoes; swarming males rely on hearing the faint sounds of flying females for courtship initiation. That males can hear females within the din of a swarm is testament to their fabulous auditory systems. Mosquito hearing is highly frequency-selective, remarkably sensitive and, most strikingly, supported by an elaborate system of auditory efferent neurons that modulate the auditory function - the only documented example amongst insects. Peripheral release of octopamine, serotonin and GABA appears to differentially modulate hearing across major disease-carrying mosquito species, with receptors from other neurotransmitter families also identified in their ears. Because mosquito mating relies on hearing the flight tones of mating partners, the auditory efferent system offers new potential targets for mosquito control. It also represents a unique insect model for studying auditory efferent networks. Here we review current knowledge of the mosquito auditory efferent system, briefly compare it with its counterparts in other species and highlight future research directions to unravel its contribution to mosquito auditory perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuMin M. Loh
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Matthew P. Su
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - David A. Ellis
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Andrés
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Yamada D, Bushey D, Li F, Hibbard KL, Sammons M, Funke J, Litwin-Kumar A, Hige T, Aso Y. Hierarchical architecture of dopaminergic circuits enables second-order conditioning in Drosophila. eLife 2023; 12:79042. [PMID: 36692262 PMCID: PMC9937650 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons with distinct projection patterns and physiological properties compose memory subsystems in a brain. However, it is poorly understood whether or how they interact during complex learning. Here, we identify a feedforward circuit formed between dopamine subsystems and show that it is essential for second-order conditioning, an ethologically important form of higher-order associative learning. The Drosophila mushroom body comprises a series of dopaminergic compartments, each of which exhibits distinct memory dynamics. We find that a slow and stable memory compartment can serve as an effective 'teacher' by instructing other faster and transient memory compartments via a single key interneuron, which we identify by connectome analysis and neurotransmitter prediction. This excitatory interneuron acquires enhanced response to reward-predicting odor after first-order conditioning and, upon activation, evokes dopamine release in the 'student' compartments. These hierarchical connections between dopamine subsystems explain distinct properties of first- and second-order memory long known by behavioral psychologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Yamada
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Daniel Bushey
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Karen L Hibbard
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Megan Sammons
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Jan Funke
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Ashok Litwin-Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Toshihide Hige
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Yoshinori Aso
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
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Marquand K, Roselli C, Cervantes-Sandoval I, Boto T. Sleep benefits different stages of memory in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1087025. [PMID: 36744027 PMCID: PMC9892949 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1087025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physiological mechanisms that modulate memory acquisition and consolidation remains among the most ambitious questions in neuroscience. Massive efforts have been dedicated to deciphering how experience affects behavior, and how different physiological and sensory phenomena modulate memory. Our ability to encode, consolidate and retrieve memories depends on internal drives, and sleep stands out among the physiological processes that affect memory: one of the most relatable benefits of sleep is the aiding of memory that occurs in order to both prepare the brain to learn new information, and after a learning task, to consolidate those new memories. Drosophila lends itself to the study of the interactions between memory and sleep. The fruit fly provides incomparable genetic resources, a mapped connectome, and an existing framework of knowledge on the molecular, cellular, and circuit mechanisms of memory and sleep, making the fruit fly a remarkable model to decipher the sophisticated regulation of learning and memory by the quantity and quality of sleep. Research in Drosophila has stablished not only that sleep facilitates learning in wild-type and memory-impaired animals, but that sleep deprivation interferes with the acquisition of new memories. In addition, it is well-accepted that sleep is paramount in memory consolidation processes. Finally, studies in Drosophila have shown that that learning itself can promote sleep drive. Nevertheless, the molecular and network mechanisms underlying this intertwined relationship are still evasive. Recent remarkable work has shed light on the neural substrates that mediate sleep-dependent memory consolidation. In a similar way, the mechanistic insights of the neural switch control between sleep-dependent and sleep-independent consolidation strategies were recently described. This review will discuss the regulation of memory by sleep in Drosophila, focusing on the most recent advances in the field and pointing out questions awaiting to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Marquand
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Camilla Roselli
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Smurfit Institute of Genetics and School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isaac Cervantes-Sandoval
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tamara Boto
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,*Correspondence: Tamara Boto,
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Isotalus HK, Carr WJ, Blackman J, Averill GG, Radtke O, Selwood J, Williams R, Ford E, McCullagh L, McErlane J, O’Donnell C, Durant C, Bartsch U, Jones MW, Muñoz-Neira C, Wearn AR, Grogan JP, Coulthard EJ. L-DOPA increases slow-wave sleep duration and selectively modulates memory persistence in older adults. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1096720. [PMID: 37091594 PMCID: PMC10113484 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1096720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Millions of people worldwide take medications such as L-DOPA that increase dopamine to treat Parkinson's disease. Yet, we do not fully understand how L-DOPA affects sleep and memory. Our earlier research in Parkinson's disease revealed that the timing of L-DOPA relative to sleep affects dopamine's impact on long-term memory. Dopamine projections between the midbrain and hippocampus potentially support memory processes during slow wave sleep. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that L-DOPA enhances memory consolidation by modulating NREM sleep. Methods We conducted a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial with healthy older adults (65-79 years, n = 35). Participants first learned a word list and were then administered long-acting L-DOPA (or placebo) before a full night of sleep. Before sleeping, a proportion of the words were re-exposed using a recognition test to strengthen memory. L-DOPA was active during sleep and the practice-recognition test, but not during initial learning. Results The single dose of L-DOPA increased total slow-wave sleep duration by approximately 11% compared to placebo, while also increasing spindle amplitudes around slow oscillation peaks and around 1-4 Hz NREM spectral power. However, behaviourally, L-DOPA worsened memory of words presented only once compared to re-exposed words. The coupling of spindles to slow oscillation peaks correlated with these differential effects on weaker and stronger memories. To gauge whether L-DOPA affects encoding or retrieval of information in addition to consolidation, we conducted a second experiment targeting L-DOPA only to initial encoding or retrieval and found no behavioural effects. Discussion Our results demonstrate that L-DOPA augments slow wave sleep in elderly, perhaps tuning coordinated network activity and impacting the selection of information for long-term storage. The pharmaceutical modification of slow-wave sleep and long-term memory may have clinical implications. Clinical trial registration Eudract number: 2015-002027-26; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN90897064, ISRCTN90897064.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K. Isotalus
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Digital Health, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Hanna K. Isotalus,
| | - Will J. Carr
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Blackman
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George G. Averill
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Radtke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Clinic, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James Selwood
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Williams
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ford
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Liz McCullagh
- Production Pharmacy, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James McErlane
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cian O’Donnell
- School of Computer Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Durant
- Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ullrich Bartsch
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matt W. Jones
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Muñoz-Neira
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alfie R. Wearn
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Grogan
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J. Coulthard
- Clinical Neurosciences, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Elizabeth J. Coulthard,
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26
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Neurogenetics of Memory, Learning, and Forgetting. Neurogenetics 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07793-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Vijayan V, Wang Z, Chandra V, Chakravorty A, Li R, Sarbanes SL, Akhlaghpour H, Maimon G. An internal expectation guides Drosophila egg-laying decisions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3852. [PMID: 36306348 PMCID: PMC9616500 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
To better understand how animals make ethologically relevant decisions, we studied egg-laying substrate choice in Drosophila. We found that flies dynamically increase or decrease their egg-laying rates while exploring substrates so as to target eggs to the best, recently visited option. Visiting the best option typically yielded inhibition of egg laying on other substrates for many minutes. Our data support a model in which flies compare the current substrate's value with an internally constructed expectation on the value of available options to regulate the likelihood of laying an egg. We show that dopamine neuron activity is critical for learning and/or expressing this expectation, similar to its role in certain tasks in vertebrates. Integrating sensory experiences over minutes to generate an estimate of the quality of available options allows flies to use a dynamic reference point for judging the current substrate and might be a general way in which decisions are made.
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28
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Ryu TH, Subramanian M, Yeom E, Yu K. The prominin-like Gene Expressed in a Subset of Dopaminergic Neurons Regulates Locomotion in Drosophila. Mol Cells 2022; 45:640-648. [PMID: 35993164 PMCID: PMC9448647 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD133, also known as prominin-1, was first identified as a biomarker of mammalian cancer and neural stem cells. Previous studies have shown that the prominin-like (promL) gene, an orthologue of mammalian CD133 in Drosophila, plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism, body growth, and longevity. Because locomotion is required for food sourcing and ultimately the regulation of metabolism, we examined the function of promL in Drosophila locomotion. Both promL mutants and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies displayed reduced spontaneous locomotor activity. As dopamine is known to modulate locomotion, we also examined the effects of promL inhibition on the dopamine concentration and mRNA expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DOPA decarboxylase (Ddc), the enzymes responsible for dopamine biosynthesis, in the heads of flies. Compared with those in control flies, the levels of dopamine and the mRNAs encoding TH and Ddc were lower in promL mutant and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies. In addition, an immunostaining analysis revealed that, compared with control flies, promL mutant and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies had lower levels of the TH protein in protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) neurons, a subset of dopaminergic neurons. Inhibition of promL in these PAM neurons reduced the locomotor activity of the flies. Overall, these findings indicate that promL expressed in PAM dopaminergic neurons regulates locomotion by controlling dopamine synthesis in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Ryu
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Disease Target Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Manivannan Subramanian
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Disease Target Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eunbyul Yeom
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Disease Target Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Kweon Yu
- Metabolism and Neurophysiology Research Group, Disease Target Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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29
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Active forgetting requires Sickie function in a dedicated dopamine circuit in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204229119. [PMID: 36095217 PMCID: PMC9499536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204229119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Forgetting is an essential component of the brain's memory management system, providing a balance to memory formation processes by removing unused or unwanted memories, or by suppressing their expression. However, the molecular, cellular, and circuit mechanisms underlying forgetting are poorly understood. Here we show that the memory suppressor gene, sickie, functions in a single dopamine neuron (DAn) by supporting the process of active forgetting in Drosophila. RNAi knockdown (KD) of sickie impairs forgetting by reducing the Ca2+ influx and DA release from the DAn that promotes forgetting. Coimmunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry analyses identified cytoskeletal and presynaptic active zone (AZ) proteins as candidates that physically interact with Sickie, and a focused RNAi screen of the candidates showed that Bruchpilot (Brp)-a presynaptic AZ protein that regulates calcium channel clustering and neurotransmitter release-impairs active forgetting like sickie KD. In addition, overexpression of brp rescued the impaired forgetting of sickie KD, providing evidence that they function in the same process. Moreover, we show that sickie KD in the DAn reduces the abundance and size of AZ markers but increases their number, suggesting that Sickie controls DAn activity for forgetting by modulating the presynaptic AZ structure. Our results identify a molecular and circuit mechanism for normal levels of active forgetting and reveal a surprising role of Sickie in maintaining presynaptic AZ structure for neurotransmitter release.
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30
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Wang L, Wu C, Peng W, Zhou Z, Zeng J, Li X, Yang Y, Yu S, Zou Y, Huang M, Liu C, Chen Y, Li Y, Ti P, Liu W, Gao Y, Zheng W, Zhong H, Gao S, Lu Z, Ren PG, Ng HL, He J, Chen S, Xu M, Li Y, Chu J. A high-performance genetically encoded fluorescent indicator for in vivo cAMP imaging. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5363. [PMID: 36097007 PMCID: PMC9468011 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32994-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP is a key second messenger that regulates diverse cellular functions including neural plasticity. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of intracellular cAMP in intact organisms are largely unknown due to low sensitivity and/or brightness of current genetically encoded fluorescent cAMP indicators. Here, we report the development of the new circularly permuted GFP (cpGFP)-based cAMP indicator G-Flamp1, which exhibits a large fluorescence increase (a maximum ΔF/F0 of 1100% in HEK293T cells), decent brightness, appropriate affinity (a Kd of 2.17 μM) and fast response kinetics (an association and dissociation half-time of 0.20 and 0.087 s, respectively). Furthermore, the crystal structure of the cAMP-bound G-Flamp1 reveals one linker connecting the cAMP-binding domain to cpGFP adopts a distorted β-strand conformation that may serve as a fluorescence modulation switch. We demonstrate that G-Flamp1 enables sensitive monitoring of endogenous cAMP signals in brain regions that are implicated in learning and motor control in living organisms such as fruit flies and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Chunling Wu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319PKU-IDG–McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Wanling Peng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Ziliang Zhou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMolecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000 China ,grid.410737.60000 0000 8653 1072Department of Oral Emergency and General Dentistry, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510182 Guangdong China
| | - Jianzhi Zeng
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319PKU-IDG–McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Xuelin Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319PKU-IDG–McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yini Yang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319PKU-IDG–McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Shuguang Yu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Ye Zou
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506 KS USA
| | - Mian Huang
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506 KS USA
| | - Chang Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Yefei Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Yi Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Panpan Ti
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Wei Zheng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Haining Zhong
- grid.5288.70000 0000 9758 5690Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, 97239 OR USA
| | - Shangbang Gao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Pei-Gen Ren
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Ho Leung Ng
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506 KS USA
| | - Jie He
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Shoudeng Chen
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XMolecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000 China ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Experimental Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000 China
| | - Min Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yulong Li
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319PKU-IDG–McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Jun Chu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Research Center for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Optical Imaging Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, and Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen, 518055 China ,grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
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Gallo FT, Zanoni Saad MB, Silva A, Morici JF, Miranda M, Anderson MC, Weisstaub NV, Bekinschtein P. Dopamine Modulates Adaptive Forgetting in Medial Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2022; 42:6620-6636. [PMID: 35853718 PMCID: PMC9410750 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0740-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Active forgetting occurs in many species, but how behavioral control mechanisms influence which memories are forgotten remains unknown. We previously found that when rats need to retrieve a memory to guide exploration, it reduces later retention of other competing memories encoded in that environment. As with humans, this retrieval-induced forgetting relies on prefrontal control processes. Dopaminergic input to the prefrontal cortex is important for executive functions and cognitive flexibility. We found that, in a similar way, retrieval-induced forgetting of competing memories in male rats requires prefrontal dopamine signaling through D1 receptors. Blockade of medial prefrontal cortex D1 receptors as animals encountered a familiar object impaired active forgetting of competing object memories as measured on a later long-term memory test. Inactivation of the ventral tegmental area produced the same pattern of behavior, a pattern that could be reversed by concomitant activation of prefrontal D1 receptors. We observed a bidirectional modulation of retrieval-induced forgetting by agonists and antagonists of D1 receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex. These findings establish the essential role of prefrontal dopamine in the active forgetting of competing memories, contributing to the shaping of retention in response to the behavioral goals of an organism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Forgetting is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is actively promoted in many species. The very act of remembering some experiences can cause forgetting of others, in both humans and rats. This retrieval-induced forgetting process is thought to be driven by inhibitory control signals from the prefrontal cortex that target areas where the memories are stored. Here we started disentangling the neurochemical signals in the prefrontal cortex that are essential to retrieval-induced forgetting. We found that, in rats, the release of dopamine in this area, acting through D1 receptors, was essential to causing active forgetting of competing memories. Inhibition of D1 receptors impaired forgetting, while activation increased forgetting. These findings are important, because the mechanisms of active forgetting and their linkage to goal-directed behavior are only beginning to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Tomás Gallo
- Laboratorio de Memoria y Cognición Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)-Fundación INECO-Universidad Favaloro, 1071 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Belén Zanoni Saad
- Laboratorio de Memoria y Cognición Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)-Fundación INECO-Universidad Favaloro, 1071 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Azul Silva
- Grupo de Neurociencia de Sistemas, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica "Houssay" (IFIBIO "Houssay"), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1121ABG Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Facundo Morici
- Laboratorio de Memoria y Cognición Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)-Fundación INECO-Universidad Favaloro, 1071 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Miranda
- Laboratorio de Memoria y Cognición Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)-Fundación INECO-Universidad Favaloro, 1071 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael C Anderson
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 7EF, United Kingdom
- Behavioural and Clinical Neurosciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Noelia V Weisstaub
- Laboratorio de Memoria y Cognición Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)-Fundación INECO-Universidad Favaloro, 1071 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Bekinschtein
- Laboratorio de Memoria y Cognición Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Traslacional, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)-Fundación INECO-Universidad Favaloro, 1071 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kapoor A, Padmavathi A, Madhwal S, Mukherjee T. Dual control of dopamine in Drosophila myeloid-like progenitor cell proliferation and regulation of lymph gland growth. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52951. [PMID: 35476897 PMCID: PMC9171693 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, definitive haematopoiesis takes place in a specialized organ termed "lymph gland". It harbours multi-potent stem-like blood progenitor cells whose development controls overall growth of this haematopoietic tissue and formation of mature blood cells. With respect to its development, neurotransmitters have emerged as potent regulators of blood-progenitor cell development and function. In this study, we extend our understanding of neurotransmitters and show that progenitors are self-sufficient with regard to synthesizing dopamine, a well-established neurotransmitter. These cells also have modules for dopamine sensing through the receptor and transporter. We found that modulating expression of these components in progenitor cells affected lymph gland growth, which suggested growth-promoting function of dopamine in blood-progenitor cells. Cell-cycle analysis of developing lymph glands revealed an unexpected requirement for intracellular dopamine in moderating the progression of early progenitor cells from S to G2 phase of the cell cycle, while activation of dopamine receptor signalling later in development regulated their progression from G2 and entry into mitosis. The dual capacity in which dopamine operated, first intracellularly to coordinate S/G2 transition and later extracellularly in G2/M transition, was critical for the growth of the lymph gland. Overall, the data presented highlight a novel non-canonical use of dopamine in the myeloid system that reveals an uncharacterized function of intracellular dopamine in cell-cycle phasing with outcomes on haematopoietic growth and immunity as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kapoor
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Achalla Padmavathi
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
| | - Sukanya Madhwal
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Tina Mukherjee
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bangalore, India
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33
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The signaling pathway of levamisole-sensitive-acetylcholine receptors involved in short-term forgetting of Caenorhabditis elegans. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:1027-1038. [PMID: 35585325 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the popular opinion that forgetting is only the opposite of learning and memory, active forgetting explains the intrinsic instability of a labile memory that lasts for hours and has its own signal transduction pathways. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying forgetting are still lacking, though the investigations available in this field offer the first insights into their regulation. To identify the alternative signaling pathways that control the process of forgetting, we used the short-term forgetting model of Caenorhabditis elegans and discovered the involvement of lev-10, a scaffolded transmembrane protein of L-AChR, by screening the candidate genes that potentially functioned in synaptic plasticity. The LEV-9/LEV-10/L-AChR functional complex was confirmed to participate in forgetting occurrence. Furthermore, EGL-9 functioned upstream of LEV-10 and negatively regulated the latter during forgetting. Meanwhile, EGL-9 was also the target of miR-51, and hence the mutation of miR-51 similarly affected the function of L-AChR and delayed the short-term forgetting. Our findings have identified an integrated signaling pathway responsible for active forgetting, which provides the new experimental evidence on the cholinergic forgetting signal.
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34
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Yalnizyan-Carson A, Richards BA. Forgetting Enhances Episodic Control With Structured Memories. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:757244. [PMID: 35399916 PMCID: PMC8991683 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.757244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forgetting is a normal process in healthy brains, and evidence suggests that the mammalian brain forgets more than is required based on limitations of mnemonic capacity. Episodic memories, in particular, are liable to be forgotten over time. Researchers have hypothesized that it may be beneficial for decision making to forget episodic memories over time. Reinforcement learning offers a normative framework in which to test such hypotheses. Here, we show that a reinforcement learning agent that uses an episodic memory cache to find rewards in maze environments can forget a large percentage of older memories without any performance impairments, if they utilize mnemonic representations that contain structural information about space. Moreover, we show that some forgetting can actually provide a benefit in performance compared to agents with unbounded memories. Our analyses of the agents show that forgetting reduces the influence of outdated information and states which are not frequently visited on the policies produced by the episodic control system. These results support the hypothesis that some degree of forgetting can be beneficial for decision making, which can help to explain why the brain forgets more than is required by capacity limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annik Yalnizyan-Carson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms (MILA), Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Annik Yalnizyan-Carson
| | - Blake A. Richards
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms (MILA), Montreal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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35
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Stahl A, Noyes NC, Boto T, Botero V, Broyles CN, Jing M, Zeng J, King LB, Li Y, Davis RL, Tomchik SM. Associative learning drives longitudinally graded presynaptic plasticity of neurotransmitter release along axonal compartments. eLife 2022; 11:76712. [PMID: 35285796 PMCID: PMC8956283 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anatomical and physiological compartmentalization of neurons is a mechanism to increase the computational capacity of a circuit, and a major question is what role axonal compartmentalization plays. Axonal compartmentalization may enable localized, presynaptic plasticity to alter neuronal output in a flexible, experience-dependent manner. Here, we show that olfactory learning generates compartmentalized, bidirectional plasticity of acetylcholine release that varies across the longitudinal compartments of Drosophila mushroom body (MB) axons. The directionality of the learning-induced plasticity depends on the valence of the learning event (aversive vs. appetitive), varies linearly across proximal to distal compartments following appetitive conditioning, and correlates with learning-induced changes in downstream mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) that modulate behavioral action selection. Potentiation of acetylcholine release was dependent on the CaV2.1 calcium channel subunit cacophony. In addition, contrast between the positive conditioned stimulus and other odors required the inositol triphosphate receptor, which maintained responsivity to odors upon repeated presentations, preventing adaptation. Downstream from the MB, a set of MBONs that receive their input from the γ3 MB compartment were required for normal appetitive learning, suggesting that they represent a key node through which reward learning influences decision-making. These data demonstrate that learning drives valence-correlated, compartmentalized, bidirectional potentiation, and depression of synaptic neurotransmitter release, which rely on distinct mechanisms and are distributed across axonal compartments in a learning circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Stahl
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Nathaniel C Noyes
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Tamara Boto
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Valentina Botero
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Connor N Broyles
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Miao Jing
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhi Zeng
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Lanikea B King
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Yulong Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
| | - Seth M Tomchik
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, United States
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36
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Ryan TJ, Frankland PW. Forgetting as a form of adaptive engram cell plasticity. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:173-186. [PMID: 35027710 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
One leading hypothesis suggests that memories are stored in ensembles of neurons (or 'engram cells') and that successful recall involves reactivation of these ensembles. A logical extension of this idea is that forgetting occurs when engram cells cannot be reactivated. Forms of 'natural forgetting' vary considerably in terms of their underlying mechanisms, time course and reversibility. However, we suggest that all forms of forgetting involve circuit remodelling that switches engram cells from an accessible state (where they can be reactivated by natural recall cues) to an inaccessible state (where they cannot). In many cases, forgetting rates are modulated by environmental conditions and we therefore propose that forgetting is a form of neuroplasticity that alters engram cell accessibility in a manner that is sensitive to mismatches between expectations and the environment. Moreover, we hypothesize that disease states associated with forgetting may hijack natural forgetting mechanisms, resulting in reduced engram cell accessibility and memory loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás J Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Trinity College Institute for Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. .,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Paul W Frankland
- Child & Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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37
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Saitoe M, Naganos S, Miyashita T, Matsuno M, Ueno K. A non-canonical on-demand dopaminergic transmission underlying olfactory aversive learning. Neurosci Res 2021; 178:1-9. [PMID: 34973292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is involved in various brain functions including associative learning. However, it is unclear how a small number of DA neurons appropriately regulates various brain functions. DA neurons have a large number of release sites and release DA non-specifically to a large number of target neurons in the projection area in response to the activity of DA neurons. In contrast to this "broad transmission", recent studies in Drosophila ex vivo functional imaging studies have identified "on-demand transmission" that occurs independent on activity of DA neurons and releases DA specifically onto the target neurons that have produced carbon monoxide (CO) as a retrograde signal for DA release. Whereas broad transmission modulates the global function of the target area, on-demand transmission is suitable for modulating the function of specific circuits, neurons, or synapses. In Drosophila olfactory aversive conditioning, odor and shock information are associated in the brain region called mushroom body (MB) to form olfactory aversive memory. It has been suggested that DA neurons projecting to the MB mediate the transmission of shock information and reinforcement simultaneously. However, the circuit model based on on-demand transmission proposes that transmission of shock information and reinforcement are mediated by distinct neural mechanisms; while shock transmission is glutamatergic, DA neurons mediates reinforcement. On-demand transmission provides mechanical insights into how DA neurons regulate various brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Saitoe
- Learning and Memory Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Naganos
- Learning and Memory Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyashita
- Learning and Memory Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Motomi Matsuno
- Learning and Memory Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueno
- Learning and Memory Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
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38
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Feng KL, Weng JY, Chen CC, Abubaker MB, Lin HW, Charng CC, Lo CC, de Belle JS, Tully T, Lien CC, Chiang AS. Neuropeptide F inhibits dopamine neuron interference of long-term memory consolidation in Drosophila. iScience 2021; 24:103506. [PMID: 34934925 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory (LTM) formation requires consolidation processes to overcome interfering signals that erode memory formation. Olfactory memory in Drosophila involves convergent projection neuron (PN; odor) and dopaminergic neuron (DAN; reinforcement) input to the mushroom body (MB). How post-training DAN activity in the posterior lateral protocerebrum (PPL1) continues to regulate memory consolidation remains unknown. Here we address this question using targeted transgenes in behavior and electrophysiology experiments to show that (1) persistent post-training activity of PPL1-α2α'2 and PPL1-α3 DANs interferes with aversive LTM formation; (2) neuropeptide F (NPF) signaling blocks this interference in PPL1-α2α'2 and PPL1-α3 DANs after spaced training to enable LTM formation; and (3) training-induced NPF release and neurotransmission from two upstream dorsal-anterior-lateral (DAL2) neurons are required to form LTM. Thus, NPF signals from DAL2 neurons to specific PPL1 DANs disinhibit the memory circuit, ensuring that periodic events are remembered as consolidated LTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Feng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yun Weng
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsuan-Wen Lin
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Che Charng
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chuan Lo
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - J Steven de Belle
- Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.,MnemOdyssey LLC, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Tim Tully
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Lien
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Institute of Systems Neuroscience and Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.,Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.,National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan.,China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0526, USA
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39
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Mutants of the white ABCG Transporter in Drosophila melanogaster Have Deficient Olfactory Learning and Cholesterol Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312967. [PMID: 34884779 PMCID: PMC8657504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila's white gene encodes an ATP-binding cassette G-subfamily (ABCG) half-transporter. White is closely related to mammalian ABCG family members that function in cholesterol efflux. Mutants of white have several behavioral phenotypes that are independent of visual defects. This study characterizes a novel defect of white mutants in the acquisition of olfactory memory using the aversive olfactory conditioning paradigm. The w1118 mutants learned slower than wildtype controls, yet with additional training, they reached wildtype levels of performance. The w1118 learning phenotype is also found in the wapricot and wcoral alleles, is dominant, and is rescued by genomic white and mini-white transgenes. Reducing dietary cholesterol strongly impaired olfactory learning for wildtype controls, while w1118 mutants were resistant to this deficit. The w1118 mutants displayed higher levels of cholesterol and cholesterol esters than wildtype under this low-cholesterol diet. Increasing levels of serotonin, dopamine, or both in the white mutants significantly improved w1118 learning. However, serotonin levels were not lower in the heads of the w1118 mutants than in wildtype controls. There were also no significant differences found in synapse numbers within the w1118 brain. We propose that the w1118 learning defect may be due to inefficient biogenic amine signaling brought about by altered cholesterol homeostasis.
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40
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Noyes NC, Phan A, Davis RL. Memory suppressor genes: Modulating acquisition, consolidation, and forgetting. Neuron 2021; 109:3211-3227. [PMID: 34450024 PMCID: PMC8542634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The brain has a remarkable but underappreciated capacity to limit memory formation and expression. The term "memory suppressor gene" was coined in 1998 as an attempt to explain emerging reports that some genes appeared to limit memory. At that time, only a handful of memory suppressor genes were known, and they were understood to work by limiting cAMP-dependent consolidation. In the intervening decades, almost 100 memory suppressor genes with diverse functions have been discovered that affect not only consolidation but also acquisition and forgetting. Here we highlight the surprising extent to which biological limits are placed on memory formation through reviewing the literature on memory suppressor genes. In this review, we present memory suppressors within the framework of their actions on different memory operations: acquisition, consolidation, and forgetting. This is followed by a discussion of the reasons why there may be a biological need to limit memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel C Noyes
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Anna Phan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11355 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Ronald L Davis
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
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41
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Castillo Díaz F, Caffino L, Fumagalli F. Bidirectional role of dopamine in learning and memory-active forgetting. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:953-963. [PMID: 34655655 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons projecting from the Substantia Nigra to the Striatum play a critical role in motor functions while dopaminergic neurons originating in the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and projecting to the Nucleus Accumbens, Hippocampus and other cortical structures regulate rewarding learning. While VTA mainly consists of dopaminergic neurons, excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitory (GABA) VTA-neurons have also been described: these neurons may also modulate and contribute to shape the final dopaminergic response, which is critical for memory formation. However, given the large amount of information that is handled daily by our brain, it is essential that irrelevant information be deleted. Recently, apart from the well-established role of dopamine (DA) in learning, it has been shown that DA plays a critical role in the intrinsic active forgetting mechanisms that control storage information, contributing to the deletion of a consolidated memory. These new insights may be instrumental to identify therapies for those disorders that involve memory alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Castillo Díaz
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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42
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Driscoll M, Buchert SN, Coleman V, McLaughlin M, Nguyen A, Sitaraman D. Compartment specific regulation of sleep by mushroom body requires GABA and dopaminergic signaling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20067. [PMID: 34625611 PMCID: PMC8501079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental behavioral state important for survival and is universal in animals with sufficiently complex nervous systems. As a highly conserved neurobehavioral state, sleep has been described in species ranging from jellyfish to humans. Biogenic amines like dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine have been shown to be critical for sleep regulation across species but the precise circuit mechanisms underlying how amines control persistence of sleep, arousal and wakefulness remain unclear. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, provides a powerful model system for the study of sleep and circuit mechanisms underlying state transitions and persistence of states to meet the organisms motivational and cognitive needs. In Drosophila, two neuropils in the central brain, the mushroom body (MB) and the central complex (CX) have been shown to influence sleep homeostasis and receive aminergic neuromodulator input critical to sleep–wake switch. Dopamine neurons (DANs) are prevalent neuromodulator inputs to the MB but the mechanisms by which they interact with and regulate sleep- and wake-promoting neurons within MB are unknown. Here we investigate the role of subsets of PAM-DANs that signal wakefulness and project to wake-promoting compartments of the MB. We find that PAM-DANs are GABA responsive and require GABAA-Rdl receptor in regulating sleep. In mapping the pathways downstream of PAM neurons innervating γ5 and β′2 MB compartments we find that wakefulness is regulated by both DopR1 and DopR2 receptors in downstream Kenyon cells (KCs) and mushroom body output neurons (MBONs). Taken together, we have identified and characterized a dopamine modulated sleep microcircuit within the mushroom body that has previously been shown to convey information about positive and negative valence critical for memory formation. These studies will pave way for understanding how flies balance sleep, wakefulness and arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Driscoll
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
| | - Steven N Buchert
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, California State University- East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd, Hayward, CA, 94542, USA
| | - Victoria Coleman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
| | - Morgan McLaughlin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
| | - Amanda Nguyen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA
| | - Divya Sitaraman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcala Park, San Diego, CA, 92110, USA. .,Department of Psychology, College of Science, California State University- East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd, Hayward, CA, 94542, USA.
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43
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Kaldun JC, Lone SR, Humbert Camps AM, Fritsch C, Widmer YF, Stein JV, Tomchik SM, Sprecher SG. Dopamine, sleep, and neuronal excitability modulate amyloid-β-mediated forgetting in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001412. [PMID: 34613972 PMCID: PMC8523056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is one of the main causes of age-related dementia and neurodegeneration. However, the onset of the disease and the mechanisms causing cognitive defects are not well understood. Aggregation of amyloidogenic peptides is a pathological hallmark of AD and is assumed to be a central component of the molecular disease pathways. Pan-neuronal expression of Aβ42Arctic peptides in Drosophila melanogaster results in learning and memory defects. Surprisingly, targeted expression to the mushroom bodies, a center for olfactory memories in the fly brain, does not interfere with learning but accelerates forgetting. We show here that reducing neuronal excitability either by feeding Levetiracetam or silencing of neurons in the involved circuitry ameliorates the phenotype. Furthermore, inhibition of the Rac-regulated forgetting pathway could rescue the Aβ42Arctic-mediated accelerated forgetting phenotype. Similar effects are achieved by increasing sleep, a critical regulator of neuronal homeostasis. Our results provide a functional framework connecting forgetting signaling and sleep, which are critical for regulating neuronal excitability and homeostasis and are therefore a promising mechanism to modulate forgetting caused by toxic Aβ peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer C. Kaldun
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Shahnaz R. Lone
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | | | - Cornelia Fritsch
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Yves F. Widmer
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jens V. Stein
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Seth M. Tomchik
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Simon G. Sprecher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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44
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Goulard R, Buehlmann C, Niven JE, Graham P, Webb B. A unified mechanism for innate and learned visual landmark guidance in the insect central complex. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009383. [PMID: 34555013 PMCID: PMC8491911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects can navigate efficiently in both novel and familiar environments, and this requires flexiblity in how they are guided by sensory cues. A prominent landmark, for example, can elicit strong innate behaviours (attraction or menotaxis) but can also be used, after learning, as a specific directional cue as part of a navigation memory. However, the mechanisms that allow both pathways to co-exist, interact or override each other are largely unknown. Here we propose a model for the behavioural integration of innate and learned guidance based on the neuroanatomy of the central complex (CX), adapted to control landmark guided behaviours. We consider a reward signal provided either by an innate attraction to landmarks or a long-term visual memory in the mushroom bodies (MB) that modulates the formation of a local vector memory in the CX. Using an operant strategy for a simulated agent exploring a simple world containing a single visual cue, we show how the generated short-term memory can support both innate and learned steering behaviour. In addition, we show how this architecture is consistent with the observed effects of unilateral MB lesions in ants that cause a reversion to innate behaviour. We suggest the formation of a directional memory in the CX can be interpreted as transforming rewarding (positive or negative) sensory signals into a mapping of the environment that describes the geometrical attractiveness (or repulsion). We discuss how this scheme might represent an ideal way to combine multisensory information gathered during the exploration of an environment and support optimal cue integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Goulard
- Institute for Perception, Action, and Behaviour, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Cornelia Buehlmann
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, John Maynard Smith Building, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy E. Niven
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, John Maynard Smith Building, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Graham
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, John Maynard Smith Building, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Webb
- Institute for Perception, Action, and Behaviour, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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45
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Wissink M, Nehring V. Appetitive olfactory learning suffers in ants when octopamine or dopamine receptors are blocked. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:271209. [PMID: 34357377 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Associative learning relies on the detection of coincidence between a stimulus and a reward or punishment. In the insect brain, this process is carried out in the mushroom bodies under the control of octopaminergic and dopaminergic neurons. It was assumed that appetitive learning is governed by octopaminergic neurons, while dopamine is required for aversive learning. This view has recently been challenged: both neurotransmitters are involved in both types of learning in bees and flies. Here, we tested which neurotransmitters are required for appetitive learning in ants. We trained Lasius niger workers to discriminate two mixtures of linear hydrocarbons and to associate one of them with a sucrose reward. We analysed the walking paths of the ants using machine learning and found that the ants spent more time near the rewarded odour than near the other, a preference that was stable for at least 24 h. We then treated the ants before learning with either epinastine, an octopamine receptor blocker, or flupentixol, a dopamine receptor blocker. Ants with blocked octopamine receptors did not prefer the rewarded odour. Octopamine signalling is thus necessary for appetitive learning of olfactory cues, probably because it signals information about odours or reward to the mushroom body. In contrast, ants with blocked dopamine receptors initially learned the rewarded odour but failed to retrieve this memory 24 h later. Dopamine is thus probably required for long-term memory consolidation, independent of short-term memory formation. Our results show that appetitive olfactory learning depends on both octopamine and dopamine signalling in ants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Wissink
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Institute for Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Volker Nehring
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, Institute for Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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46
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Sareen PF, McCurdy LY, Nitabach MN. A neuronal ensemble encoding adaptive choice during sensory conflict in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4131. [PMID: 34226544 PMCID: PMC8257655 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Feeding decisions are fundamental to survival, and decision making is often disrupted in disease. Here, we show that neural activity in a small population of neurons projecting to the fan-shaped body higher-order central brain region of Drosophila represents food choice during sensory conflict. We found that food deprived flies made tradeoffs between appetitive and aversive values of food. We identified an upstream neuropeptidergic and dopaminergic network that relays internal state and other decision-relevant information to a specific subset of fan-shaped body neurons. These neurons were strongly inhibited by the taste of the rejected food choice, suggesting that they encode behavioral food choice. Our findings reveal that fan-shaped body taste responses to food choices are determined not only by taste quality, but also by previous experience (including choice outcome) and hunger state, which are integrated in the fan-shaped body to encode the decision before relay to downstream motor circuits for behavioral implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti F Sareen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Li Yan McCurdy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael N Nitabach
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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47
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Adel M, Griffith LC. The Role of Dopamine in Associative Learning in Drosophila: An Updated Unified Model. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:831-852. [PMID: 33779893 PMCID: PMC8192648 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning to associate a positive or negative experience with an unrelated cue after the presentation of a reward or a punishment defines associative learning. The ability to form associative memories has been reported in animal species as complex as humans and as simple as insects and sea slugs. Associative memory has even been reported in tardigrades [1], species that diverged from other animal phyla 500 million years ago. Understanding the mechanisms of memory formation is a fundamental goal of neuroscience research. In this article, we work on resolving the current contradictions between different Drosophila associative memory circuit models and propose an updated version of the circuit model that predicts known memory behaviors that current models do not. Finally, we propose a model for how dopamine may function as a reward prediction error signal in Drosophila, a dopamine function that is well-established in mammals but not in insects [2, 3].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adel
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems and National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454-9110, USA.
| | - Leslie C Griffith
- Department of Biology, Volen National Center for Complex Systems and National Center for Behavioral Genomics, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454-9110, USA
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48
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Aguilar JI, Cheng MH, Font J, Schwartz AC, Ledwitch K, Duran A, Mabry SJ, Belovich AN, Zhu Y, Carter AM, Shi L, Kurian MA, Fenollar-Ferrer C, Meiler J, Ryan RM, Mchaourab HS, Bahar I, Matthies HJ, Galli A. Psychomotor impairments and therapeutic implications revealed by a mutation associated with infantile Parkinsonism-Dystonia. eLife 2021; 10:68039. [PMID: 34002696 PMCID: PMC8131106 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder affecting over 6.1 million people worldwide. Although the cause of PD remains unclear, studies of highly penetrant mutations identified in early-onset familial parkinsonism have contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathology. Dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) deficiency syndrome (DTDS) is a distinct type of infantile parkinsonism-dystonia that shares key clinical features with PD, including motor deficits (progressive bradykinesia, tremor, hypomimia) and altered DA neurotransmission. Here, we define structural, functional, and behavioral consequences of a Cys substitution at R445 in human DAT (hDAT R445C), identified in a patient with DTDS. We found that this R445 substitution disrupts a phylogenetically conserved intracellular (IC) network of interactions that compromise the hDAT IC gate. This is demonstrated by both Rosetta molecular modeling and fine-grained simulations using hDAT R445C, as well as EPR analysis and X-ray crystallography of the bacterial homolog leucine transporter. Notably, the disruption of this IC network of interactions supported a channel-like intermediate of hDAT and compromised hDAT function. We demonstrate that Drosophila melanogaster expressing hDAT R445C show impaired hDAT activity, which is associated with DA dysfunction in isolated brains and with abnormal behaviors monitored at high-speed time resolution. We show that hDAT R445C Drosophila exhibit motor deficits, lack of motor coordination (i.e. flight coordination) and phenotypic heterogeneity in these behaviors that is typically associated with DTDS and PD. These behaviors are linked with altered dopaminergic signaling stemming from loss of DA neurons and decreased DA availability. We rescued flight coordination with chloroquine, a lysosomal inhibitor that enhanced DAT expression in a heterologous expression system. Together, these studies shed some light on how a DTDS-linked DAT mutation underlies DA dysfunction and, possibly, clinical phenotypes shared by DTDS and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny I Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Josep Font
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra C Schwartz
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Ledwitch
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Amanda Duran
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Samuel J Mabry
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Andrea N Belovich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine, Meridian, United States
| | - Yanqi Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Angela M Carter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, United States
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jens Meiler
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Renae Monique Ryan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hassane S Mchaourab
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Ivet Bahar
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Heinrich Jg Matthies
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Aurelio Galli
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States.,Center for Inter-systemic Networks and Enteric Medical Advances, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
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49
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Kamada S, Nagayama T. Anxiety induces long-term memory forgetting in the crayfish. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2021; 207:459-467. [PMID: 33881581 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-021-01487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
When two male crayfish encounter, agonistic bouts are initiated and a winner-loser relationship is established. Larger animals are more likely to win with their physical advantage, but they are frequently beaten by small dominant animals with previous winning experience. This winner effect remains for several days. In mammals, anxiety impairs learning and induces memory forgetting. In this study, dominant crayfish were exposed to electrical shocks two days after their first win, after which they were paired with large or small naive opponents the following day. Our results showed that electrical shock-applied dominant animals were beaten by large naive opponents, but overcame small naive opponents, suggesting that electrical shocks cause animals to forget their previous winner effect. Electrical shocks appeared to elicit serotonin-mediated anxiety since electrical shocks had no effect on mianserin-injected dominant animals. A 0.5 µM serotonin injection induced a caused anxiety-like reaction, while a 1.0 µM serotonin injection-induced no changes in posture and walking activity. For pairings between dominant and naive animals 1 day after serotonin injection, 0.5 µM serotonin caused similar forgetting of the winner effect, but 1.0 µM serotonin had no effect. Serotonin of low concentrations mediated anxiety and stimulated forgetting of the winner's memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Kamada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nagayama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan.
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50
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Qin D, Zhou Y, Zhang P, Liu B, Zheng Q, Zhang Z. Azadirachtin downregulates the expression of the CREB gene and protein in the brain and directly or indirectly affects the cognitive behavior of the Spodoptera litura fourth-instar larvae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1873-1885. [PMID: 33284470 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Azadirachtin has the potential to be used for pest control. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the effects of azadirachtin on the cognitive behavior of pests. In this study, expression of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and its gene were studied via a series of experiments in Spodoptera litura larvae treated with azadirachtin. RESULTS RNA-Seq analysis of S. litura larvae treated with azadirachtin was undertaken. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, the top 20 enriched pathways included neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways, with seven significantly differentially expressed genes including CREB. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results indicated that the CREB gene was expressed during all developmental stages of S. litura, but relative expression of the CREB gene was significantly downregulated after treatment with azadirachtin. Grayscale statistical analysis also showed that expression levels of protein kinase A (PKA), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and CREB proteins were significantly downregulated after treatment with azadirachtin. Moreover, RNA interference results showed that the effect of azadirachtin on the cognitive behavior of S. litura was consistent with that seen after interfering with CREB. In addition, larval selectivity to addictive odor sources was reduced, and the initial reaction time was increased. CONCLUSIONS This study clarified that azadirachtin can affect the cognitive behavior of S. litura and treatment with azadirachtin resulted in a downregulation of gene and protein expression of CREB and its pathway proteins. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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