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Schapiro K, Marder E. Resilience of circuits to environmental challenge. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 87:102885. [PMID: 38857559 PMCID: PMC11316650 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Animals of all kinds evolved to deal with anticipated and unanticipated changes in a variety of features in their environments. Consequently, all environmental perturbations, adaptations, and acclimation involve a myriad of factors that, together, contribute to environmental resilience. New work highlights the importance of neuromodulation in the control of environmental resilience, and illustrates that different components of the nervous system may be differentially resilient to environmental perturbations. Climate change is today pushing animals to deal with previously unanticipated environmental challenges, and therefore understanding the complex biology of adaptation and acclimation to various environmental conditions takes on new urgency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra Schapiro
- Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Eve Marder
- Volen Center and Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
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2
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Costacurta JC, Bhandarkar S, Zoltowski DM, Linderman SW. Structured flexibility in recurrent neural networks via neuromodulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.26.605315. [PMID: 39091788 PMCID: PMC11291173 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.26.605315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The goal of theoretical neuroscience is to develop models that help us better understand biological intelligence. Such models range broadly in complexity and biological detail. For example, task-optimized recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have generated hypotheses about how the brain may perform various computations, but these models typically assume a fixed weight matrix representing the synaptic connectivity between neurons. From decades of neuroscience research, we know that synaptic weights are constantly changing, controlled in part by chemicals such as neuromodulators. In this work we explore the computational implications of synaptic gain scaling, a form of neuromodulation, using task-optimized low-rank RNNs. In our neuromodulated RNN (NM-RNN) model, a neuromodulatory subnetwork outputs a low-dimensional neuromodulatory signal that dynamically scales the low-rank recurrent weights of an output-generating RNN. In empirical experiments, we find that the structured flexibility in the NM-RNN allows it to both train and generalize with a higher degree of accuracy than low-rank RNNs on a set of canonical tasks. Additionally, via theoretical analyses we show how neuromodulatory gain scaling endows networks with gating mechanisms commonly found in artificial RNNs. We end by analyzing the low-rank dynamics of trained NM-RNNs, to show how task computations are distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Costacurta
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - David M Zoltowski
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott W Linderman
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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3
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Fernández JG, Keemink S, van Gerven M. Gradient-free training of recurrent neural networks using random perturbations. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1439155. [PMID: 39050673 PMCID: PMC11267880 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1439155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) hold immense potential for computations due to their Turing completeness and sequential processing capabilities, yet existing methods for their training encounter efficiency challenges. Backpropagation through time (BPTT), the prevailing method, extends the backpropagation (BP) algorithm by unrolling the RNN over time. However, this approach suffers from significant drawbacks, including the need to interleave forward and backward phases and store exact gradient information. Furthermore, BPTT has been shown to struggle to propagate gradient information for long sequences, leading to vanishing gradients. An alternative strategy to using gradient-based methods like BPTT involves stochastically approximating gradients through perturbation-based methods. This learning approach is exceptionally simple, necessitating only forward passes in the network and a global reinforcement signal as feedback. Despite its simplicity, the random nature of its updates typically leads to inefficient optimization, limiting its effectiveness in training neural networks. In this study, we present a new approach to perturbation-based learning in RNNs whose performance is competitive with BPTT, while maintaining the inherent advantages over gradient-based learning. To this end, we extend the recently introduced activity-based node perturbation (ANP) method to operate in the time domain, leading to more efficient learning and generalization. We subsequently conduct a range of experiments to validate our approach. Our results show similar performance, convergence time and scalability when compared to BPTT, strongly outperforming standard node perturbation and weight perturbation methods. These findings suggest that perturbation-based learning methods offer a versatile alternative to gradient-based methods for training RNNs which can be ideally suited for neuromorphic computing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús García Fernández
- Department of Machine Learning and Neural Computing, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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4
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Negrón A, Getz MP, Handy G, Doiron B. The mechanics of correlated variability in segregated cortical excitatory subnetworks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2306800121. [PMID: 38959037 PMCID: PMC11252788 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2306800121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genesis of shared trial-to-trial variability in neuronal population activity within the sensory cortex is critical to uncovering the biological basis of information processing in the brain. Shared variability is often a reflection of the structure of cortical connectivity since it likely arises, in part, from local circuit inputs. A series of experiments from segregated networks of (excitatory) pyramidal neurons in the mouse primary visual cortex challenge this view. Specifically, the across-network correlations were found to be larger than predicted given the known weak cross-network connectivity. We aim to uncover the circuit mechanisms responsible for these enhanced correlations through biologically motivated cortical circuit models. Our central finding is that coupling each excitatory subpopulation with a specific inhibitory subpopulation provides the most robust network-intrinsic solution in shaping these enhanced correlations. This result argues for the existence of excitatory-inhibitory functional assemblies in early sensory areas which mirror not just response properties but also connectivity between pyramidal cells. Furthermore, our findings provide theoretical support for recent experimental observations showing that cortical inhibition forms structural and functional subnetworks with excitatory cells, in contrast to the classical view that inhibition is a nonspecific blanket suppression of local excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Negrón
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL60616
- Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Matthew P. Getz
- Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Gregory Handy
- Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Brent Doiron
- Grossman Center for Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
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5
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MacDonald A, Hebling A, Wei XP, Yackle K. The breath shape controls intonation of mouse vocalizations. eLife 2024; 13:RP93079. [PMID: 38963785 PMCID: PMC11223766 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Intonation in speech is the control of vocal pitch to layer expressive meaning to communication, like increasing pitch to indicate a question. Also, stereotyped patterns of pitch are used to create distinct sounds with different denotations, like in tonal languages and, perhaps, the 10 sounds in the murine lexicon. A basic tone is created by exhalation through a constricted laryngeal voice box, and it is thought that more complex utterances are produced solely by dynamic changes in laryngeal tension. But perhaps, the shifting pitch also results from altering the swiftness of exhalation. Consistent with the latter model, we describe that intonation in most vocalization types follows deviations in exhalation that appear to be generated by the re-activation of the cardinal breathing muscle for inspiration. We also show that the brainstem vocalization central pattern generator, the iRO, can create this breath pattern. Consequently, ectopic activation of the iRO not only induces phonation, but also the pitch patterns that compose most of the vocalizations in the murine lexicon. These results reveal a novel brainstem mechanism for intonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair MacDonald
- Department of Physiology, University of California-San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Alina Hebling
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California-San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Xin Paul Wei
- Department of Physiology, University of California-San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California-San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Kevin Yackle
- Department of Physiology, University of California-San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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6
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Fahoum SRH, Blitz DM. Neuropeptide modulation of bidirectional internetwork synapses. J Neurophysiol 2024; 132:184-205. [PMID: 38776457 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00149.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory networks underlying rhythmic motor behaviors, and sensory and complex neural processing, are flexible, even in their neuronal composition. Neuromodulatory inputs enable neurons to switch participation between networks or participate in multiple networks simultaneously. Neuromodulation of internetwork synapses can both recruit and coordinate a switching neuron in a second network. We previously identified an example in which a neuron is recruited into dual-network activity via peptidergic modulation of intrinsic properties. We now ask whether the same neuropeptide also modulates internetwork synapses for internetwork coordination. The crab (Cancer borealis) stomatogastric nervous system contains two well-defined feeding-related networks (pyloric, food filtering, ∼1 Hz; gastric mill, food chewing, ∼0.1 Hz). The projection neuron MCN5 uses the neuropeptide Gly1-SIFamide to recruit the pyloric-only lateral posterior gastric (LPG) neuron into dual pyloric- plus gastric mill-timed bursting via modulation of LPG's intrinsic properties. Descending input is not required for a coordinated rhythm, thus intranetwork synapses between LPG and its second network must underlie coordination among these neurons. However, synapses between LPG and gastric mill neurons have not been documented. Using two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings, we found that graded synaptic currents between LPG and gastric mill neurons (lateral gastric, inferior cardiac, and dorsal gastric) were primarily negligible in saline, but were enhanced by Gly1-SIFamide. Furthermore, LPG and gastric mill neurons entrain each other during Gly1-SIFamide application, indicating bidirectional, functional connectivity. Thus, a neuropeptide mediates neuronal switching through parallel actions, modulating intrinsic properties for recruitment into a second network and as shown here, also modulating bidirectional internetwork synapses for coordination.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neuromodulation can enable neurons to simultaneously coordinate with separate networks. Both recruitment into, and coordination with, a second network can occur via modulation of internetwork synapses. Alternatively, recruitment can occur via modulation of intrinsic ionic currents. We find that the same neuropeptide previously determined to modulate intrinsic currents also modulates bidirectional internetwork synapses that are typically ineffective. Thus, complementary modulatory peptide actions enable recruitment and coordination of a neuron into a second network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savanna-Rae H Fahoum
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Dawn M Blitz
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
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7
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Shibata Y, Toji N, Wang H, Go Y, Wada K. Expansion of learning capacity elicited by interspecific hybridization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn3409. [PMID: 38896617 PMCID: PMC11186503 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn3409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Learned behavior, a fundamental adaptive trait in fluctuating environments, is shaped by species-specific constraints. This phenomenon is evident in songbirds, which acquire their species-specific songs through vocal learning. To explore the neurogenetic mechanisms underlying species-specific song learning, we generated F1 hybrid songbirds by crossing Taeniopygia guttata with Aidemosyne modesta. These F1 hybrids demonstrate expanded learning capacities, adeptly mimicking songs from both parental species and other heterospecific songs more extensively than their parental counterparts. Despite the conserved size of brain regions and neuron numbers in the neural circuits for song learning and production, single-cell transcriptomics reveals distinctive transcriptional characteristics in the F1 hybrids, especially in vocal-motor projection neurons. These neurons exhibit enrichment for nonadditively expressed genes, particularly those related to ion channel activity and cell adhesion, which are associated with the degree of song learning among F1 individuals. Our findings provide insights into the emergence of altered learning capabilities through hybridization, linked to cell type-specific transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Shibata
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Research Fellowship for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Toji
- Research Fellowship for Young Scientists of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hongdi Wang
- Evolutionary Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0497, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Go
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Wada
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Romer SH, Miller KM, Sonner MJ, Ethridge VT, Gargas NM, Rohan JG. Changes in motor behavior and lumbar motoneuron morphology following repeated chlorpyrifos exposure in rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305173. [PMID: 38875300 PMCID: PMC11178230 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide associated with numerous health effects including motor performance decrements. While many studies have focused on the health effects following acute chlorpyrifos poisonings, almost no studies have examined the effects on motoneurons following occupational-like exposures. The main objective of this study was to examine the broad effects of repeated occupational-like chlorpyrifos exposures on spinal motoneuron soma size relative to motor activity. To execute our objective, adult rats were exposed to chlorpyrifos via oral gavage once a day, five days a week for two weeks. Chlorpyrifos exposure effects were assessed either three days or two months following the last exposure. Three days following the last repeated chlorpyrifos exposure, there were transient effects in open-field motor activity and plasma cholinesterase activity levels. Two months following the chlorpyrifos exposures, there were delayed effects in sensorimotor gating, pro-inflammatory cytokines and spinal lumbar motoneuron soma morphology. Overall, these results offer support that subacute repeated occupational-like chlorpyrifos exposures have both short-term and longer-term effects in motor activity, inflammation, and central nervous system mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon H Romer
- Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, United States of America
- Leidos, Reston, VA, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn M Miller
- Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Martha J Sonner
- Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, United States of America
- Leidos, Reston, VA, United States of America
| | - Victoria T Ethridge
- Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, United States of America
- Leidos, Reston, VA, United States of America
| | - Nathan M Gargas
- Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, United States of America
| | - Joyce G Rohan
- Environmental Health Effects Laboratory, Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, United States of America
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9
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Haley JA, Chalasani SH. C. elegans foraging as a model for understanding the neuronal basis of decision-making. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:252. [PMID: 38849591 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Animals have evolved to seek, select, and exploit food sources in their environment. Collectively termed foraging, these ubiquitous behaviors are necessary for animal survival. As a foundation for understanding foraging, behavioral ecologists established early theoretical and mathematical frameworks which have been subsequently refined and supported by field and laboratory studies of foraging animals. These simple models sought to explain how animals decide which strategies to employ when locating food, what food items to consume, and when to explore the environment for new food sources. These foraging decisions involve integration of prior experience with multimodal sensory information about the animal's current environment and internal state. We suggest that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is well-suited for a high-resolution analysis of complex goal-oriented behaviors such as foraging. We focus our discussion on behavioral studies highlighting C. elegans foraging on bacteria and summarize what is known about the underlying neuronal and molecular pathways. Broadly, we suggest that this simple model system can provide a mechanistic understanding of decision-making and present additional avenues for advancing our understanding of complex behavioral processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Haley
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sreekanth H Chalasani
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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10
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Zhang Y, Karadas M, Liu J, Gu X, Vöröslakos M, Li Y, Tsien RW, Buzsáki G. Interaction of acetylcholine and oxytocin neuromodulation in the hippocampus. Neuron 2024; 112:1862-1875.e5. [PMID: 38537642 PMCID: PMC11156550 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
A postulated role of subcortical neuromodulators is to control brain states. Mechanisms by which different neuromodulators compete or cooperate at various temporal scales remain an open question. We investigated the interaction of acetylcholine (ACh) and oxytocin (OXT) at slow and fast timescales during various brain states. Although these neuromodulators fluctuated in parallel during NREM packets, transitions from NREM to REM were characterized by a surge of ACh but a continued decrease of OXT. OXT signaling lagged behind ACh. High ACh was correlated with population synchrony and gamma oscillations during active waking, whereas minimum ACh predicts sharp-wave ripples (SPW-Rs). Optogenetic control of ACh and OXT neurons confirmed the active role of these neuromodulators in the observed correlations. Synchronous hippocampal activity consistently reduced OXT activity, whereas inactivation of the lateral septum-hypothalamus path attenuated this effect. Our findings demonstrate how cooperative actions of these neuromodulators allow target circuits to perform specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinyi Gu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yulong Li
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Richard W Tsien
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - György Buzsáki
- Neuroscience Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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11
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Kondo T, Okada Y, Shizuya S, Yamaguchi N, Hatakeyama S, Maruyama K. Neuroimmune modulation by tryptophan derivatives in neurological and inflammatory disorders. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151418. [PMID: 38729083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are highly developed, and each performs specialized physiological functions. However, they work together, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. Specialized molecules, such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and more general metabolites, are essential for the appropriate regulation of both systems. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is converted into functional molecules such as serotonin and kynurenine, both of which play important roles in the nervous and immune systems. The role of kynurenine metabolites in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases has recently received particular attention. Recently, we found that hyperactivity of the kynurenine pathway is a critical risk factor for septic shock. In this review, we first outline neuroimmune interactions and tryptophan derivatives and then summarized the changes in tryptophan metabolism in neurological disorders. Finally, we discuss the potential of tryptophan derivatives as therapeutic targets for neuroimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Saika Shizuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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12
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Tsotsokou G, Trompoukis G, Papatheodoropoulos C. Muscarinic Modulation of Synaptic Transmission and Short-Term Plasticity in the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus. Mol Cell Neurosci 2024; 129:103935. [PMID: 38703973 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2024.103935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic neurotransmission is fundamentally involved in supporting several brain functions by modulating flow of information in brain neural circuits including the hippocampus which displays a remarkable functional segregation along its longitudinal axis. However, how muscarinic neuromodulation contributes to the functional segregation along the hippocampus remains unclear. In this study we show that the nonselective muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol similarly suppresses basal synaptic transmission in the dorsal and ventral CA1 hippocampal field, in a concentration-depended manner. Furthermore, using a ten-pulse stimulation train of varying frequency we found that carbachol changes the frequency filtering properties more in ventral than dorsal hippocampus by facilitating synaptic inputs at a wide range of input frequencies in the ventral compared with dorsal hippocampus. Using the M2 receptor antagonist gallamine and the M4 receptor antagonist tropicamide, we found that M2 receptors are involved in controlling basal synaptic transmission and short-term synaptic plasticity (STSP) in the ventral but not the dorsal hippocampus, while M4 receptors participate in modulating basal synaptic transmission and STSP in both segments of the hippocampus. These results were corroborated by the higher protein expression levels of M2 receptors in the ventral compared with dorsal hippocampus. We conclude that muscarinic transmission modulates excitatory synaptic transmission and short-term synaptic plasticity along the entire rat hippocampus by acting through M4 receptors and recruiting M2 receptors only in the ventral hippocampus. Furthermore, M4 receptors appear to exert a permissive role on the actions of M2 receptors on STSP in the ventral hippocampus. This dorsoventral differentiation of muscarinic modulation is expected to have important implications in information processing along the endogenous hippocampal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giota Tsotsokou
- Laboratory of Physiology, University of Patras, Department of Medicine, Rion, Greece
| | - George Trompoukis
- Laboratory of Physiology, University of Patras, Department of Medicine, Rion, Greece
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13
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Baginska U, Balagura G, Toonen RF, Verhage M. High-throughput assay for regulated secretion of neuropeptides in mouse and human neurons. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107321. [PMID: 38677517 PMCID: PMC11170154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are the largest group of chemical signals in the brain. More than 100 different neuropeptides modulate various brain functions and their dysregulation has been associated with neurological disorders. Neuropeptides are packed into dense core vesicles (DCVs), which fuse with the plasma membrane in a calcium-dependent manner. Here, we describe a novel high-throughput assay for DCV exocytosis using a chimera of Nanoluc luciferase and the DCV-cargo neuropeptide Y (NPY). The NPY-Nanoluc reporter colocalized with endogenous DCV markers in all neurons with little mislocalization to other cellular compartments. NPY-Nanoluc reported DCV exocytosis in both rodent and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human neurons, with similar depolarization, Ca2+, RAB3, and STXBP1/MUNC18 dependence as low-throughput assays. Moreover, NPY-Nanoluc accurately reported modulation of DCV exocytosis by known modulators diacylglycerol analog and Ca2+ channel blocker and showed a higher assay sensitivity than a widely used single-cell low-throughput assay. Lastly, we showed that Nanoluc coupled to other secretory markers reports on constitutive secretion. In conclusion, the NPY-Nanoluc is a sensitive reporter of DCV exocytosis in mammalian neurons, suitable for pharmacological and genomic screening for DCV exocytosis genes and for mechanism-based treatments for central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Baginska
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Exact Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ganna Balagura
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Exact Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS 'G. Gaslini' Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ruud F Toonen
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Exact Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Verhage
- Department of Functional Genomics, Faculty of Exact Science, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Nern A, Loesche F, Takemura SY, Burnett LE, Dreher M, Gruntman E, Hoeller J, Huang GB, Januszewski M, Klapoetke NC, Koskela S, Longden KD, Lu Z, Preibisch S, Qiu W, Rogers EM, Seenivasan P, Zhao A, Bogovic J, Canino BS, Clements J, Cook M, Finley-May S, Flynn MA, Hameed I, Fragniere AMC, Hayworth KJ, Hopkins GP, Hubbard PM, Katz WT, Kovalyak J, Lauchie SA, Leonard M, Lohff A, Maldonado CA, Mooney C, Okeoma N, Olbris DJ, Ordish C, Paterson T, Phillips EM, Pietzsch T, Salinas JR, Rivlin PK, Schlegel P, Scott AL, Scuderi LA, Takemura S, Talebi I, Thomson A, Trautman ET, Umayam L, Walsh C, Walsh JJ, Xu CS, Yakal EA, Yang T, Zhao T, Funke J, George R, Hess HF, Jefferis GSXE, Knecht C, Korff W, Plaza SM, Romani S, Saalfeld S, Scheffer LK, Berg S, Rubin GM, Reiser MB. Connectome-driven neural inventory of a complete visual system. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589741. [PMID: 38659887 PMCID: PMC11042306 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Vision provides animals with detailed information about their surroundings, conveying diverse features such as color, form, and movement across the visual scene. Computing these parallel spatial features requires a large and diverse network of neurons, such that in animals as distant as flies and humans, visual regions comprise half the brain's volume. These visual brain regions often reveal remarkable structure-function relationships, with neurons organized along spatial maps with shapes that directly relate to their roles in visual processing. To unravel the stunning diversity of a complex visual system, a careful mapping of the neural architecture matched to tools for targeted exploration of that circuitry is essential. Here, we report a new connectome of the right optic lobe from a male Drosophila central nervous system FIB-SEM volume and a comprehensive inventory of the fly's visual neurons. We developed a computational framework to quantify the anatomy of visual neurons, establishing a basis for interpreting how their shapes relate to spatial vision. By integrating this analysis with connectivity information, neurotransmitter identity, and expert curation, we classified the ~53,000 neurons into 727 types, about half of which are systematically described and named for the first time. Finally, we share an extensive collection of split-GAL4 lines matched to our neuron type catalog. Together, this comprehensive set of tools and data unlock new possibilities for systematic investigations of vision in Drosophila, a foundation for a deeper understanding of sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra MC Fragniere
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philipp Schlegel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregory SXE Jefferis
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK and Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, UK
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15
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Beiran M, Litwin-Kumar A. Prediction of neural activity in connectome-constrained recurrent networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.22.581667. [PMID: 38854115 PMCID: PMC11160579 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.22.581667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We develop a theory of connectome-constrained neural networks in which a "student" network is trained to reproduce the activity of a ground-truth "teacher," representing a neural system for which a connectome is available. Unlike standard paradigms with unconstrained connectivity, here the two networks have the same connectivity but different biophysical parameters, reflecting uncertainty in neuronal and synaptic properties. We find that a connectome is often insufficient to constrain the dynamics of networks that perform a specific task, illustrating the difficulty of inferring function from connectivity alone. However, recordings from a small subset of neurons can remove this degeneracy, producing dynamics in the student that agree with the teacher. Our theory can also prioritize which neurons to record from to most efficiently predict unmeasured network activity. Our analysis shows that the solution spaces of connectome-constrained and unconstrained models are qualitatively different and provides a framework to determine when such models yield consistent dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Beiran
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ashok Litwin-Kumar
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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16
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Sridhar G, Vergassola M, Marques JC, Orger MB, Costa AC, Wyart C. Uncovering multiscale structure in the variability of larval zebrafish navigation. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2405.17143v1. [PMID: 38855549 PMCID: PMC11160889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Animals chain movements into long-lived motor strategies, exhibiting variability across scales that reflects the interplay between internal states and environmental cues. To reveal structure in such variability, we build Markov models of movement sequences that bridges across time scales and enables a quantitative comparison of behavioral phenotypes among individuals. Applied to larval zebrafish responding to diverse sensory cues, we uncover a hierarchy of long-lived motor strategies, dominated by changes in orientation distinguishing cruising versus wandering strategies. Environmental cues induce preferences along these modes at the population level: while fish cruise in the light, they wander in response to aversive stimuli, or in search for appetitive prey. As our method encodes the behavioral dynamics of each individual fish in the transitions among coarse-grained motor strategies, we use it to uncover a hierarchical structure in the phenotypic variability that reflects exploration-exploitation trade-offs. Across a wide range of sensory cues, a major source of variation among fish is driven by prior and/or immediate exposure to prey that induces exploitation phenotypes. A large degree of variability that is not explained by environmental cues unravels motivational states that override the sensory context to induce contrasting exploration-exploitation phenotypes. Altogether, by extracting the timescales of motor strategies deployed during navigation, our approach exposes structure among individuals and reveals internal states tuned by prior experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Sridhar
- Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Massimo Vergassola
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - João C. Marques
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasília, Doca de Pedrouços, Lisboa 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Michael B. Orger
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasília, Doca de Pedrouços, Lisboa 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Antonio Carlos Costa
- Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
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17
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Sridhar G, Vergassola M, Marques JC, Orger MB, Costa AC, Wyart C. Uncovering multiscale structure in the variability of larval zebrafish navigation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.16.594521. [PMID: 38798455 PMCID: PMC11118365 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.16.594521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Animals chain movements into long-lived motor strategies, resulting in variability that ultimately reflects the interplay between internal states and environmental cues. To reveal structure in such variability, we build models that bridges across time scales that enable a quantitative comparison of behavioral phenotypes among individuals. Applied to larval zebrafish exposed to diverse sensory cues, we uncover a hierarchy of long-lived motor strategies, dominated by changes in orientation distinguishing cruising and wandering strategies. Environmental cues induce preferences along these modes at the population level: while fish cruise in the light, they wander in response to aversive (dark) stimuli or in search for prey. Our method enables us to encode the behavioral dynamics of each individual fish in the transitions among coarse-grained motor strategies. By doing so, we uncover a hierarchical structure to the phenotypic variability that corresponds to exploration-exploitation trade-offs. Within a wide range of sensory cues, a major source of variation among fish is driven by prior and immediate exposure to prey that induces exploitation phenotypes. However, a large degree of variability is unexplained by environmental cues, pointing to hidden states that override the sensory context to induce contrasting exploration-exploitation phenotypes. Altogether, our approach extracts the timescales of motor strategies deployed during navigation, exposing undiscovered structure among individuals and pointing to internal states tuned by prior experience.
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18
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MacDonald A, Hebling A, Wei XP, Yackle K. The breath shape controls intonation of mouse vocalizations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.16.562597. [PMID: 37904912 PMCID: PMC10614923 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Intonation in speech is the control of vocal pitch to layer expressive meaning to communication, like increasing pitch to indicate a question. Also, stereotyped patterns of pitch are used to create distinct sounds with different denotations, like in tonal languages and, perhaps, the ten sounds in the murine lexicon. A basic tone is created by exhalation through a constricted laryngeal voice box, and it is thought that more complex utterances are produced solely by dynamic changes in laryngeal tension. But perhaps, the shifting pitch also results from altering the swiftness of exhalation. Consistent with the latter model, we describe that intonation in most vocalization types follows deviations in exhalation that appear to be generated by the re-activation of the cardinal breathing muscle for inspiration. We also show that the brainstem vocalization central pattern generator, the iRO, can create this breath pattern. Consequently, ectopic activation of the iRO not only induces phonation, but also the pitch patterns that compose most of the vocalizations in the murine lexicon. These results reveal a novel brainstem mechanism for intonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair MacDonald
- Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Alina Hebling
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xin Paul Wei
- Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevin Yackle
- Department of Physiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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19
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Tamboli S, Singh S, Topolnik D, El Amine Barkat M, Radhakrishnan R, Guet-McCreight A, Topolnik L. Mouse hippocampal CA1 VIP interneurons detect novelty in the environment and support recognition memory. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114115. [PMID: 38607918 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In the CA1 hippocampus, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-expressing interneurons (VIP-INs) play a prominent role in disinhibitory circuit motifs. However, the specific behavioral conditions that lead to circuit disinhibition remain uncertain. To investigate the behavioral relevance of VIP-IN activity, we employed wireless technologies allowing us to monitor and manipulate their function in freely behaving mice. Our findings reveal that, during spatial exploration in new environments, VIP-INs in the CA1 hippocampal region become highly active, facilitating the rapid encoding of novel spatial information. Remarkably, both VIP-INs and pyramidal neurons (PNs) exhibit increased activity when encountering novel changes in the environment, including context- and object-related alterations. Concurrently, somatostatin- and parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory populations show an inverse relationship with VIP-IN and PN activity, revealing circuit disinhibition that occurs on a timescale of seconds. Thus, VIP-IN-mediated disinhibition may constitute a crucial element in the rapid encoding of novelty and the acquisition of recognition memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhel Tamboli
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
| | - Dimitry Topolnik
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
| | - Mohamed El Amine Barkat
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
| | - Risna Radhakrishnan
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada
| | | | - Lisa Topolnik
- Neuroscience Axis, CRCHUQ-CHUL, Quebec City, PQ, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Bioinformatics, Université Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada.
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20
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Costa AC, Sridhar G, Wyart C, Vergassola M. Fluctuating landscapes and heavy tails in animal behavior. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2301.01111v4. [PMID: 36748006 PMCID: PMC9900967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Animal behavior is shaped by a myriad of mechanisms acting on a wide range of scales, which hampers quantitative reasoning and the identification of general principles. Here, we combine data analysis and theory to investigate the relationship between behavioral plasticity and heavy-tailed statistics often observed in animal behavior. Specifically, we first leverage high-resolution recordings of C. elegans locomotion to show that stochastic transitions among long-lived behaviors exhibit heavy-tailed first passage time distributions and correlation functions. Such heavy tails can be explained by slow adaptation of behavior over time. This particular result motivates our second step of introducing a general model where we separate fast dynamics on a quasi-stationary multi-well potential, from non-ergodic, slowly varying modes. We then show that heavy tails generically emerge in such a model, and we provide a theoretical derivation of the resulting functional form, which can become a power law with exponents that depend on the strength of the fluctuations. Finally, we provide direct support for the generality of our findings by testing them in a C. elegans mutant where adaptation is suppressed and heavy tails thus disappear, and recordings of larval zebrafish swimming behavior where heavy tails are again prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carlos Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gautam Sridhar
- Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Massimo Vergassola
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
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21
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Meng J, Ahamed T, Yu B, Hung W, EI Mouridi S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wen Q, Boulin T, Gao S, Zhen M. A tonically active master neuron modulates mutually exclusive motor states at two timescales. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk0002. [PMID: 38598630 PMCID: PMC11006214 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Continuity of behaviors requires animals to make smooth transitions between mutually exclusive behavioral states. Neural principles that govern these transitions are not well understood. Caenorhabditis elegans spontaneously switch between two opposite motor states, forward and backward movement, a phenomenon thought to reflect the reciprocal inhibition between interneurons AVB and AVA. Here, we report that spontaneous locomotion and their corresponding motor circuits are not separately controlled. AVA and AVB are neither functionally equivalent nor strictly reciprocally inhibitory. AVA, but not AVB, maintains a depolarized membrane potential. While AVA phasically inhibits the forward promoting interneuron AVB at a fast timescale, it maintains a tonic, extrasynaptic excitation on AVB over the longer timescale. We propose that AVA, with tonic and phasic activity of opposite polarities on different timescales, acts as a master neuron to break the symmetry between the underlying forward and backward motor circuits. This master neuron model offers a parsimonious solution for sustained locomotion consisted of mutually exclusive motor states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tosif Ahamed
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bin Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wesley Hung
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia EI Mouridi
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, MeLiS, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Zezhen Wang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongning Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Quan Wen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Thomas Boulin
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, MeLiS, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Shangbang Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mei Zhen
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Zhao Y, Huang CX, Gu Y, Zhao Y, Ren W, Wang Y, Chen J, Guan NN, Song J. Serotonergic modulation of vigilance states in zebrafish and mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2596. [PMID: 38519480 PMCID: PMC10959952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Vigilance refers to being alertly watchful or paying sustained attention to avoid potential threats. Animals in vigilance states reduce locomotion and have an enhanced sensitivity to aversive stimuli so as to react quickly to dangers. Here we report that an unconventional 5-HT driven mechanism operating at neural circuit level which shapes the internal state underlying vigilance behavior in zebrafish and male mice. The neural signature of internal vigilance state was characterized by persistent low-frequency high-amplitude neuronal synchrony in zebrafish dorsal pallium and mice prefrontal cortex. The neuronal synchronization underlying vigilance was dependent on intense release of 5-HT induced by persistent activation of either DRN 5-HT neuron or local 5-HT axon terminals in related brain regions via activation of 5-HTR7. Thus, we identify a mechanism of vigilance behavior across species that illustrates the interplay between neuromodulators and neural circuits necessary to shape behavior states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Xiao Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yacong Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Na N Guan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jianren Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
- Clinical Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Research, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Haas A, Chung J, Kent C, Mills B, McCoy M. Vertebral Subluxation and Systems Biology: An Integrative Review Exploring the Salutogenic Influence of Chiropractic Care on the Neuroendocrine-Immune System. Cureus 2024; 16:e56223. [PMID: 38618450 PMCID: PMC11016242 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper we synthesize an expansive body of literature examining the multifaceted influence of chiropractic care on processes within and modulators of the neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) system, for the purpose of generating an inductive hypothesis regarding the potential impacts of chiropractic care on integrated physiology. Taking a broad, interdisciplinary, and integrative view of two decades of research-documented outcomes of chiropractic care, inclusive of reports ranging from systematic and meta-analysis and randomized and observational trials to case and cohort studies, this review encapsulates a rigorous analysis of research and suggests the appropriateness of a more integrative perspective on the impact of chiropractic care on systemic physiology. A novel perspective on the salutogenic, health-promoting effects of chiropractic adjustment is presented, focused on the improvement of physical indicators of well-being and adaptability such as blood pressure, heart rate variability, and sleep, potential benefits that may be facilitated through multiple neurologically mediated pathways. Our findings support the biological plausibility of complex benefits from chiropractic intervention that is not limited to simple neuromusculoskeletal outcomes and open new avenues for future research, specifically the exploration and mapping of the precise neural pathways and networks influenced by chiropractic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Haas
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Jonathan Chung
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Christopher Kent
- Research, Sherman College, Spartanburg, USA
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Brooke Mills
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
| | - Matthew McCoy
- Research, Foundation for Vertebral Subluxation, Kennesaw, USA
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24
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Sullivan LF, Barker MS, Felix PC, Vuong RQ, White BH. Neuromodulation and the toolkit for behavioural evolution: can ecdysis shed light on an old problem? FEBS J 2024; 291:1049-1079. [PMID: 36223183 PMCID: PMC10166064 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The geneticist Thomas Dobzhansky famously declared: 'Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution'. A key evolutionary adaptation of Metazoa is directed movement, which has been elaborated into a spectacularly varied number of behaviours in animal clades. The mechanisms by which animal behaviours have evolved, however, remain unresolved. This is due, in part, to the indirect control of behaviour by the genome, which provides the components for both building and operating the brain circuits that generate behaviour. These brain circuits are adapted to respond flexibly to environmental contingencies and physiological needs and can change as a function of experience. The resulting plasticity of behavioural expression makes it difficult to characterize homologous elements of behaviour and to track their evolution. Here, we evaluate progress in identifying the genetic substrates of behavioural evolution and suggest that examining adaptive changes in neuromodulatory signalling may be a particularly productive focus for future studies. We propose that the behavioural sequences used by ecdysozoans to moult are an attractive model for studying the role of neuromodulation in behavioural evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Sullivan
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew S Barker
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Princess C Felix
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Q Vuong
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin H White
- Section on Neural Function, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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25
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Ma P, Chen P, Tilden EI, Aggarwal S, Oldenborg A, Chen Y. Fast and slow: Recording neuromodulator dynamics across both transient and chronic time scales. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi0643. [PMID: 38381826 PMCID: PMC10881037 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Neuromodulators transform animal behaviors. Recent research has demonstrated the importance of both sustained and transient change in neuromodulators, likely due to tonic and phasic neuromodulator release. However, no method could simultaneously record both types of dynamics. Fluorescence lifetime of optical reporters could offer a solution because it allows high temporal resolution and is impervious to sensor expression differences across chronic periods. Nevertheless, no fluorescence lifetime change across the entire classes of neuromodulator sensors was previously known. Unexpectedly, we find that several intensity-based neuromodulator sensors also exhibit fluorescence lifetime responses. Furthermore, we show that lifetime measures in vivo neuromodulator dynamics both with high temporal resolution and with consistency across animals and time. Thus, we report a method that can simultaneously measure neuromodulator change over transient and chronic time scales, promising to reveal the roles of multi-time scale neuromodulator dynamics in diseases, in response to therapies, and across development and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingchuan Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Master’s Program in Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth I. Tilden
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Samarth Aggarwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna Oldenborg
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Thirtamara Rajamani K, Barbier M, Lefevre A, Niblo K, Cordero N, Netser S, Grinevich V, Wagner S, Harony-Nicolas H. Oxytocin activity in the paraventricular and supramammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus is essential for social recognition memory in rats. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:412-424. [PMID: 38052983 PMCID: PMC11116117 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin plays an important role in modulating social recognition memory. However, the direct implication of oxytocin neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) and their downstream hypothalamic targets in regulating short- and long-term forms of social recognition memory has not been fully investigated. In this study, we employed a chemogenetic approach to target the activity of PVH oxytocin neurons in male rats and found that specific silencing of this neuronal population led to an impairment in short- and long-term social recognition memory. We combined viral-mediated fluorescent labeling of oxytocin neurons with immunohistochemical techniques and identified the supramammillary nucleus (SuM) of the hypothalamus as a target of PVH oxytocinergic axonal projections in rats. We used multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization to label oxytocin receptors in the SuM and determined that they are predominantly expressed in glutamatergic neurons, including those that project to the CA2 region of the hippocampus. Finally, we used a highly selective oxytocin receptor antagonist in the SuM to examine the involvement of oxytocin signaling in modulating short- and long-term social recognition memory and found that it is necessary for the formation of both. This study discovered a previously undescribed role for the SuM in regulating social recognition memory via oxytocin signaling and reinforced the specific role of PVH oxytocin neurons in regulating this form of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthi Thirtamara Rajamani
- Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie Barbier
- Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Lefevre
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Laboratory, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kristi Niblo
- Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas Cordero
- CUNY School of Medicine, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shai Netser
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shlomo Wagner
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hala Harony-Nicolas
- Department of Psychiatry and Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Fahoum SRH, Blitz DM. Switching neuron contributions to second network activity. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:417-434. [PMID: 38197163 PMCID: PMC11305648 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00373.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Network flexibility is important for adaptable behaviors. This includes neuronal switching, where neurons alter their network participation, including changing from single- to dual-network activity. Understanding the implications of neuronal switching requires determining how a switching neuron interacts with each of its networks. Here, we tested 1) whether "home" and second networks, operating via divergent rhythm generation mechanisms, regulate a switching neuron and 2) if a switching neuron, recruited via modulation of intrinsic properties, contributes to rhythm or pattern generation in a new network. Small, well-characterized feeding-related networks (pyloric, ∼1 Hz; gastric mill, ∼0.1 Hz) and identified modulatory inputs make the isolated crab (Cancer borealis) stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) a useful model to study neuronal switching. In particular, the neuropeptide Gly1-SIFamide switches the lateral posterior gastric (LPG) neuron (2 copies) from pyloric-only to dual-frequency pyloric/gastric mill (fast/slow) activity via modulation of LPG-intrinsic properties. Using current injections to manipulate neuronal activity, we found that gastric mill, but not pyloric, network neurons regulated the intrinsically generated LPG slow bursting. Conversely, selective elimination of LPG from both networks using photoinactivation revealed that LPG regulated gastric mill neuron-firing frequencies but was not necessary for gastric mill rhythm generation or coordination. However, LPG alone was sufficient to produce a distinct pattern of network coordination. Thus, modulated intrinsic properties underlying dual-network participation may constrain which networks can regulate switching neuron activity. Furthermore, recruitment via intrinsic properties may occur in modulatory states where it is important for the switching neuron to actively contribute to network output.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We used small, well-characterized networks to investigate interactions between rhythmic networks and neurons that switch their network participation. For a neuron switching into dual-network activity, only the second network regulated its activity in that network. In addition, the switching neuron was sufficient but not necessary to coordinate second network neurons and regulated their activity levels. Thus, regulation of switching neurons may be selective, and a switching neuron is not necessarily simply a follower in additional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savanna-Rae H Fahoum
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
| | - Dawn M Blitz
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States
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Al-dardery NM, Khaity AM, Albakri KA, Abdelsattar AT, Benmelouka AY, Lee T, Foppiani JA, Lin SJ. Preservation versus dissection of the intercostobrachial nerve for breast cancer surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1003-1011. [PMID: 38333310 PMCID: PMC10849353 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of preservation of the intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) versus its dissection for patients who underwent breast surgery. Methods The authors searched Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Scopus from inception until March 2023. Records were screened for eligible studies, and all relevant outcomes were pooled as an odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% CI in the meta-analysis models using RevMan version 5.4. Results These results from 11 studies (1021 patients) favored preservation of the ICBN over its dissection in terms of anaesthesia and hypaesthesia [OR 0.50, (95% CI, 0.31-0.82); P = 0.006] and [OR 0.33, (95% CI, 0.16-0.68); P = 0.003], respectively. Whereas the overall effect favored ICBN dissection over preservation in the case of hyperaesthesia [OR 4.34, (95% CI, 1.43-13.15); P = 0.01]. Conversely, no significant variance was detected between the two groups in terms of pain [OR 0.68, (95% CI, 0.28-1.61) P = 0.38], paraesthesia [OR 0.88, (95% CI, 0.49-1.60); P = 0.68], and analgesia [OR 1.46, (95% CI, 0.05-45.69); P = 0.83]. Conclusion This meta-analysis revealed that the preservation of the ICBN has a significant effect on the disturbance of sensory parameters of hypaesthesia and anaesthesia when compared to its dissection. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to precisely compare both techniques on a wider range of parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jose A. Foppiani
- 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samuel J. Lin
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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29
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Mitra R, Richhariya S, Hasan G. Orai-mediated calcium entry determines activity of central dopaminergic neurons by regulation of gene expression. eLife 2024; 12:RP88808. [PMID: 38289659 PMCID: PMC10945566 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Maturation and fine-tuning of neural circuits frequently require neuromodulatory signals that set the excitability threshold, neuronal connectivity, and synaptic strength. Here, we present a mechanistic study of how neuromodulator-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ signals, through the store-operated Ca2+ channel Orai, regulate intrinsic neuronal properties by control of developmental gene expression in flight-promoting central dopaminergic neurons (fpDANs). The fpDANs receive cholinergic inputs for release of dopamine at a central brain tripartite synapse that sustains flight (Sharma and Hasan, 2020). Cholinergic inputs act on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor to stimulate intracellular Ca2+ release through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localised inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor followed by ER-store depletion and Orai-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Analysis of gene expression in fpDANs followed by genetic, cellular, and molecular studies identified Orai-mediated Ca2+ entry as a key regulator of excitability in fpDANs during circuit maturation. SOCE activates the transcription factor trithorax-like (Trl), which in turn drives expression of a set of genes, including Set2, that encodes a histone 3 lysine 36 methyltransferase (H3K36me3). Set2 function establishes a positive feedback loop, essential for receiving neuromodulatory cholinergic inputs and sustaining SOCE. Chromatin-modifying activity of Set2 changes the epigenetic status of fpDANs and drives expression of key ion channel and signalling genes that determine fpDAN activity. Loss of activity reduces the axonal arborisation of fpDANs within the MB lobe and prevents dopamine release required for the maintenance of long flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishav Mitra
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
| | - Shlesha Richhariya
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
- Department of Biology, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Gaiti Hasan
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental ResearchBangaloreIndia
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30
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Anneser L, Satou C, Hotz HR, Friedrich RW. Molecular organization of neuronal cell types and neuromodulatory systems in the zebrafish telencephalon. Curr Biol 2024; 34:298-312.e4. [PMID: 38157860 PMCID: PMC10808507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The function of neuronal networks is determined not only by synaptic connectivity but also by neuromodulatory systems that broadcast information via distributed connections and volume transmission. To understand the molecular constraints that organize neuromodulatory signaling in the telencephalon of adult zebrafish, we used transcriptomics and additional approaches to delineate cell types, to determine their phylogenetic conservation, and to map the expression of marker genes at high granularity. The combinatorial expression of GPCRs and cell-type markers indicates that all neuronal cell types are subject to modulation by multiple monoaminergic systems and distinct combinations of neuropeptides. Individual cell types were associated with multiple (typically >30) neuromodulatory signaling networks but expressed only a few diagnostic GPCRs at high levels, suggesting that different neuromodulatory systems act in combination, albeit with unequal weights. These results provide a detailed map of cell types and brain areas in the zebrafish telencephalon, identify core components of neuromodulatory networks, highlight the cell-type specificity of neuropeptides and GPCRs, and begin to decipher the logic of combinatorial neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Anneser
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Chie Satou
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hans-Rudolf Hotz
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer W Friedrich
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4003 Basel, Switzerland.
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31
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Toji N, Sawai A, Wang H, Ji Y, Sugioka R, Go Y, Wada K. A predisposed motor bias shapes individuality in vocal learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2308837121. [PMID: 38198530 PMCID: PMC10801888 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308837121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of individuality during learned behavior is a common trait observed across animal species; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain understood. Similar to human speech, songbirds develop individually unique songs with species-specific traits through vocal learning. In this study, we investigate the developmental and molecular mechanisms underlying individuality in vocal learning by utilizing F1 hybrid songbirds (Taeniopygia guttata cross with Taeniopygia bichenovii), taking an integrating approach combining experimentally controlled systematic song tutoring, unbiased discriminant analysis of song features, and single-cell transcriptomics. When tutoring with songs from both parental species, F1 hybrid individuals exhibit evident diversity in their acquired songs. Approximately 30% of F1 hybrids selectively learn either song of the two parental species, while others develop merged songs that combine traits from both species. Vocal acoustic biases during vocal babbling initially appear as individual differences in songs among F1 juveniles and are maintained through the sensitive period of song vocal learning. These vocal acoustic biases emerge independently of the initial auditory experience of hearing the biological father's and passive tutored songs. We identify individual differences in transcriptional signatures in a subset of cell types, including the glutamatergic neurons projecting from the cortical vocal output nucleus to the hypoglossal nuclei, which are associated with variations of vocal acoustic features. These findings suggest that a genetically predisposed vocal motor bias serves as the initial origin of individual variation in vocal learning, influencing learning constraints and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Toji
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
| | - Azusa Sawai
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
| | - Hongdi Wang
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Ji
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
| | - Rintaro Sugioka
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Go
- Cognitive Genomics Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki444-8585, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki444-8585, Japan
- Division of Behavioral Development, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Wada
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-0810, Japan
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo060-8638, Japan
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32
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Stengl M, Schneider AC. Contribution of membrane-associated oscillators to biological timing at different timescales. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1243455. [PMID: 38264332 PMCID: PMC10803594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1243455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental rhythms such as the daily light-dark cycle selected for endogenous clocks. These clocks predict regular environmental changes and provide the basis for well-timed adaptive homeostasis in physiology and behavior of organisms. Endogenous clocks are oscillators that are based on positive feedforward and negative feedback loops. They generate stable rhythms even under constant conditions. Since even weak interactions between oscillators allow for autonomous synchronization, coupling/synchronization of oscillators provides the basis of self-organized physiological timing. Amongst the most thoroughly researched clocks are the endogenous circadian clock neurons in mammals and insects. They comprise nuclear clockworks of transcriptional/translational feedback loops (TTFL) that generate ∼24 h rhythms in clock gene expression entrained to the environmental day-night cycle. It is generally assumed that this TTFL clockwork drives all circadian oscillations within and between clock cells, being the basis of any circadian rhythm in physiology and behavior of organisms. Instead of the current gene-based hierarchical clock model we provide here a systems view of timing. We suggest that a coupled system of autonomous TTFL and posttranslational feedback loop (PTFL) oscillators/clocks that run at multiple timescales governs adaptive, dynamic homeostasis of physiology and behavior. We focus on mammalian and insect neurons as endogenous oscillators at multiple timescales. We suggest that neuronal plasma membrane-associated signalosomes constitute specific autonomous PTFL clocks that generate localized but interlinked oscillations of membrane potential and intracellular messengers with specific endogenous frequencies. In each clock neuron multiscale interactions of TTFL and PTFL oscillators/clocks form a temporally structured oscillatory network with a common complex frequency-band comprising superimposed multiscale oscillations. Coupling between oscillator/clock neurons provides the next level of complexity of an oscillatory network. This systemic dynamic network of molecular and cellular oscillators/clocks is suggested to form the basis of any physiological homeostasis that cycles through dynamic homeostatic setpoints with a characteristic frequency-band as hallmark. We propose that mechanisms of homeostatic plasticity maintain the stability of these dynamic setpoints, whereas Hebbian plasticity enables switching between setpoints via coupling factors, like biogenic amines and/or neuropeptides. They reprogram the network to a new common frequency, a new dynamic setpoint. Our novel hypothesis is up for experimental challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Stengl
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology/Neuroethology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
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33
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Cronin EM, Schneider AC, Nadim F, Bucher D. Modulation by Neuropeptides with Overlapping Targets Results in Functional Overlap in Oscillatory Circuit Activation. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1201232023. [PMID: 37968117 PMCID: PMC10851686 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1201-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation lends flexibility to neural circuit operation but the general notion that different neuromodulators sculpt neural circuit activity into distinct and characteristic patterns is complicated by interindividual variability. In addition, some neuromodulators converge onto the same signaling pathways, with similar effects on neurons and synapses. We compared the effects of three neuropeptides on the rhythmic pyloric circuit in the stomatogastric ganglion of male crabs, Cancer borealis Proctolin (PROC), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), and red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH) activate the same modulatory inward current, I MI, and have convergent actions on synapses. However, while PROC targets all four neuron types in the core pyloric circuit, CCAP and RPCH target the same subset of only two neurons. After removal of spontaneous neuromodulator release, none of the neuropeptides restored the control cycle frequency, but all restored the relative timing between neuron types. Consequently, differences between neuropeptide effects were mainly found in the spiking activity of different neuron types. We performed statistical comparisons using the Euclidean distance in the multidimensional space of normalized output attributes to obtain a single measure of difference between modulatory states. Across preparations, the circuit output in PROC was distinguishable from CCAP and RPCH, but CCAP and RPCH were not distinguishable from each other. However, we argue that even between PROC and the other two neuropeptides, population data overlapped enough to prevent reliable identification of individual output patterns as characteristic for a specific neuropeptide. We confirmed this notion by showing that blind classifications by machine learning algorithms were only moderately successful.Significance Statement It is commonly assumed that distinct behaviors or circuit activities can be elicited by different neuromodulators. Yet it is unknown to what extent these characteristic actions remain distinct across individuals. We use a well-studied circuit model of neuromodulation to examine the effects of three neuropeptides, each known to produce a distinct activity pattern in controlled studies. We find that, when compared across individuals, the three peptides elicit activity patterns that are either statistically indistinguishable or show too much overlap to be labeled characteristic. We ascribe this to interindividual variability and overlapping subcellular actions of the modulators. Because both factors are common in all neural circuits, these findings have broad significance for understanding chemical neuromodulatory actions while considering interindividual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Cronin
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Anna C Schneider
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Farzan Nadim
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Dirk Bucher
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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34
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Hutt A, Trotter D, Pariz A, Valiante TA, Lefebvre J. Diversity-induced trivialization and resilience of neural dynamics. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2024; 34:013147. [PMID: 38285722 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Heterogeneity is omnipresent across all living systems. Diversity enriches the dynamical repertoire of these systems but remains challenging to reconcile with their manifest robustness and dynamical persistence over time, a fundamental feature called resilience. To better understand the mechanism underlying resilience in neural circuits, we considered a nonlinear network model, extracting the relationship between excitability heterogeneity and resilience. To measure resilience, we quantified the number of stationary states of this network, and how they are affected by various control parameters. We analyzed both analytically and numerically gradient and non-gradient systems modeled as non-linear sparse neural networks evolving over long time scales. Our analysis shows that neuronal heterogeneity quenches the number of stationary states while decreasing the susceptibility to bifurcations: a phenomenon known as trivialization. Heterogeneity was found to implement a homeostatic control mechanism enhancing network resilience to changes in network size and connection probability by quenching the system's dynamic volatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hutt
- MLMS, MIMESIS, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inria, ICube, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniel Trotter
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Aref Pariz
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Taufik A Valiante
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Medical Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, CRANIA (Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application), Max Planck-University of Toronto Center for Neural Science and Technology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Jérémie Lefebvre
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2E4, Canada
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35
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Goolsby BC, Smith EJ, Muratore IB, Coto ZN, Muscedere ML, Traniello JFA. Differential Neuroanatomical, Neurochemical, and Behavioral Impacts of Early-Age Isolation in a Eusocial Insect. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.29.546928. [PMID: 37425857 PMCID: PMC10326991 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.546928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Social experience early in life appears to be necessary for the development of species-typical behavior. Although isolation during critical periods of maturation has been shown to impact behavior by altering gene expression and brain development in invertebrates and vertebrates, workers of some ant species appear resilient to social deprivation and other neurobiological challenges that occur during senescence or due to loss of sensory input. It is unclear if and to what degree neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and behavior will show deficiencies if social experience in the early adult life of worker ants is compromised. We reared newly-eclosed adult workers of Camponotus floridanus under conditions of social isolation for 2 to 53 days, quantified brain compartment volumes, recorded biogenic amine levels in individual brains, and evaluated movement and behavioral performance to compare the neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, brood-care behavior, and foraging (predatory behavior) of isolated workers with that of workers experiencing natural social contact after adult eclosion. We found that the volume of the antennal lobe, which processes olfactory inputs, was significantly reduced in workers isolated for an average of 40 days, whereas the size of the mushroom bodies, centers of higher-order sensory processing, increased after eclosion and was not significantly different from controls. Titers of the neuromodulators serotonin, dopamine, and octopamine remained stable and were not significantly different in isolation treatments and controls. Brood care, predation, and overall movement were reduced in workers lacking social contact early in life. These results suggest that the behavioral development of isolated workers of C. floridanus is specifically impacted by a reduction in the size of the antennal lobe. Task performance and locomotor ability therefore appear to be sensitive to a loss of social contact through a reduction of olfactory processing ability rather than change in the size of the mushroom bodies, which serve important functions in learning and memory, or the central complex, which controls movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie C. Goolsby
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - E. Jordan Smith
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Isabella B. Muratore
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Zach N. Coto
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Ke Y, Wang T, He F, Liu S, Ming D. Enhancing EEG-based cross-day mental workload classification using periodic component of power spectrum. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:066028. [PMID: 37995362 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad0f3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The day-to-day variability of electroencephalogram (EEG) poses a significant challenge to decode human brain activity in EEG-based passive brain-computer interfaces (pBCIs). Conventionally, a time-consuming calibration process is required to collect data from users on a new day to ensure the performance of the machine learning-based decoding model, which hinders the application of pBCIs to monitor mental workload (MWL) states in real-world settings.Approach. This study investigated the day-to-day stability of the raw power spectral density (PSD) and their periodic and aperiodic components decomposed by the Fitting Oscillations and One-Over-F algorithm. In addition, we validated the feasibility of using periodic components to improve cross-day MWL classification performance.Main results. Compared to the raw PSD (69.9% ± 18.5%) and the aperiodic component (69.4% ± 19.2%), the periodic component had better day-to-day stability and significantly higher cross-day classification accuracy (84.2% ± 11.0%).Significance. These findings indicate that periodic components of EEG have the potential to be applied in decoding brain states for more robust pBCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Ke
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-computer Interaction and Human-machine Integration, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-computer Interaction and Human-machine Integration, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-computer Interaction and Human-machine Integration, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-computer Interaction and Human-machine Integration, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Ming
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Brain-computer Interaction and Human-machine Integration, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Ripoll-Sánchez L, Watteyne J, Sun H, Fernandez R, Taylor SR, Weinreb A, Bentley BL, Hammarlund M, Miller DM, Hobert O, Beets I, Vértes PE, Schafer WR. The neuropeptidergic connectome of C. elegans. Neuron 2023; 111:3570-3589.e5. [PMID: 37935195 PMCID: PMC7615469 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Efforts are ongoing to map synaptic wiring diagrams, or connectomes, to understand the neural basis of brain function. However, chemical synapses represent only one type of functionally important neuronal connection; in particular, extrasynaptic, "wireless" signaling by neuropeptides is widespread and plays essential roles in all nervous systems. By integrating single-cell anatomical and gene-expression datasets with biochemical analysis of receptor-ligand interactions, we have generated a draft connectome of neuropeptide signaling in the C. elegans nervous system. This network is characterized by high connection density, extended signaling cascades, autocrine foci, and a decentralized topology, with a large, highly interconnected core containing three constituent communities sharing similar patterns of input connectivity. Intriguingly, several key network hubs are little-studied neurons that appear specialized for peptidergic neuromodulation. We anticipate that the C. elegans neuropeptidergic connectome will serve as a prototype to understand how networks of neuromodulatory signaling are organized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ripoll-Sánchez
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Watteyne
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - HaoSheng Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences/HHMI, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert Fernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences/HHMI, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seth R Taylor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexis Weinreb
- Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Barry L Bentley
- Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marc Hammarlund
- Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David M Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biological Sciences/HHMI, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Isabel Beets
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Petra E Vértes
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - William R Schafer
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK; Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Prakash SJ, Van Auken KM, Hill DP, Sternberg PW. Semantic representation of neural circuit knowledge in Caenorhabditis elegans. Brain Inform 2023; 10:30. [PMID: 37947958 PMCID: PMC10638142 DOI: 10.1186/s40708-023-00208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern biology, new knowledge is generated quickly, making it challenging for researchers to efficiently acquire and synthesise new information from the large volume of primary publications. To address this problem, computational approaches that generate machine-readable representations of scientific findings in the form of knowledge graphs have been developed. These representations can integrate different types of experimental data from multiple papers and biological knowledge bases in a unifying data model, providing a complementary method to manual review for interacting with published knowledge. The Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) has created a semantic modelling framework that extends individual functional gene annotations to structured descriptions of causal networks representing biological processes (Gene Ontology-Causal Activity Modelling, or GO-CAM). In this study, we explored whether the GO-CAM framework could represent knowledge of the causal relationships between environmental inputs, neural circuits and behavior in the model nematode C. elegans [C. elegans Neural-Circuit Causal Activity Modelling (CeN-CAM)]. We found that, given extensions to several relevant ontologies, a wide variety of author statements from the literature about the neural circuit basis of egg-laying and carbon dioxide (CO2) avoidance behaviors could be faithfully represented with CeN-CAM. Through this process, we were able to generate generic data models for several categories of experimental results. We also discuss how semantic modelling may be used to functionally annotate the C. elegans connectome. Thus, Gene Ontology-based semantic modelling has the potential to support various machine-readable representations of neurobiological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan J Prakash
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Kimberly M Van Auken
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - David P Hill
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Paul W Sternberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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Mountoufaris G, Nair A, Yang B, Kim DW, Anderson DJ. Neuropeptide Signaling is Required to Implement a Line Attractor Encoding a Persistent Internal Behavioral State. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.01.565073. [PMID: 37961374 PMCID: PMC10635056 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Internal states drive survival behaviors, but their neural implementation is not well understood. Recently we identified a line attractor in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) that represents an internal state of aggressiveness. Line attractors can be implemented by recurrent connectivity and/or neuromodulatory signaling, but evidence for the latter is scant. Here we show that neuropeptidergic signaling is necessary for line attractor dynamics in this system, using a novel approach that integrates cell type-specific, anatomically restricted CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing with microendoscopic calcium imaging. Co-disruption of receptors for oxytocin and vasopressin in adult VMH Esr1 + neurons that control aggression suppressed attack, reduced persistent neural activity and eliminated line attractor dynamics, while only modestly impacting neural activity and sex- or behavior-tuning. These data identify a requisite role for neuropeptidergic signaling in implementing a behaviorally relevant line attractor. Our approach should facilitate mechanistic studies in neuroscience that bridge different levels of biological function and abstraction.
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40
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Moroz LL, Romanova DY. Chemical cognition: chemoconnectomics and convergent evolution of integrative systems in animals. Anim Cogn 2023; 26:1851-1864. [PMID: 38015282 PMCID: PMC11106658 DOI: 10.1007/s10071-023-01833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Neurons underpin cognition in animals. However, the roots of animal cognition are elusive from both mechanistic and evolutionary standpoints. Two conceptual frameworks both highlight and promise to address these challenges. First, we discuss evidence that animal neural and other integrative systems evolved more than once (convergent evolution) within basal metazoan lineages, giving us unique experiments by Nature for future studies. The most remarkable examples are neural systems in ctenophores and neuroid-like systems in placozoans and sponges. Second, in addition to classical synaptic wiring, a chemical connectome mediated by hundreds of signal molecules operates in tandem with neurons and is the most information-rich source of emerging properties and adaptability. The major gap-dynamic, multifunctional chemical micro-environments in nervous systems-is not understood well. Thus, novel tools and information are needed to establish mechanistic links between orchestrated, yet cell-specific, volume transmission and behaviors. Uniting what we call chemoconnectomics and analyses of the cellular bases of behavior in basal metazoan lineages arguably would form the foundation for deciphering the origins and early evolution of elementary cognition and intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L Moroz
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, Saint Augustine, USA.
| | - Daria Y Romanova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of RAS, Moscow, Russia
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41
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Costa AC, Vergassola M. Fluctuating landscapes and heavy tails in animal behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.522580. [PMID: 36747746 PMCID: PMC9900741 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Animal behavior is shaped by a myriad of mechanisms acting on a wide range of scales. This immense variability hampers quantitative reasoning and renders the identification of universal principles elusive. Through data analysis and theory, we here show that slow non-ergodic drives generally give rise to heavy-tailed statistics in behaving animals. We leverage high-resolution recordings of C. elegans locomotion to extract a self-consistent reduced order model for an inferred reaction coordinate, bridging from sub-second chaotic dynamics to long-lived stochastic transitions among metastable states. The slow mode dynamics exhibits heavy-tailed first passage time distributions and correlation functions, and we show that such heavy tails can be explained by dynamics on a time-dependent potential landscape. Inspired by these results, we introduce a generic model in which we separate faster mixing modes that evolve on a quasi-stationary potential, from slower non-ergodic modes that drive the potential landscape, and reflect slowly varying internal states. We show that, even for simple potential landscapes, heavy tails emerge when barrier heights fluctuate slowly and strongly enough. In particular, the distribution of first passage times and the correlation function can asymptote to a power law, with related exponents that depend on the strength and nature of the fluctuations. We support our theoretical findings through direct numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carlos Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Massimo Vergassola
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
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42
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Srikanth S, Narayanan R. Heterogeneous off-target impact of ion-channel deletion on intrinsic properties of hippocampal model neurons that self-regulate calcium. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1241450. [PMID: 37904732 PMCID: PMC10613471 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1241450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
How do neurons that implement cell-autonomous self-regulation of calcium react to knockout of individual ion-channel conductances? To address this question, we used a heterogeneous population of 78 conductance-based models of hippocampal pyramidal neurons that maintained cell-autonomous calcium homeostasis while receiving theta-frequency inputs. At calcium steady-state, we individually deleted each of the 11 active ion-channel conductances from each model. We measured the acute impact of deleting each conductance (one at a time) by comparing intrinsic electrophysiological properties before and immediately after channel deletion. The acute impact of deleting individual conductances on physiological properties (including calcium homeostasis) was heterogeneous, depending on the property, the specific model, and the deleted channel. The underlying many-to-many mapping between ion channels and properties pointed to ion-channel degeneracy. Next, we allowed the other conductances (barring the deleted conductance) to evolve towards achieving calcium homeostasis during theta-frequency activity. When calcium homeostasis was perturbed by ion-channel deletion, post-knockout plasticity in other conductances ensured resilience of calcium homeostasis to ion-channel deletion. These results demonstrate degeneracy in calcium homeostasis, as calcium homeostasis in knockout models was implemented in the absence of a channel that was earlier involved in the homeostatic process. Importantly, in reacquiring homeostasis, ion-channel conductances and physiological properties underwent heterogenous plasticity (dependent on the model, the property, and the deleted channel), even introducing changes in properties that were not directly connected to the deleted channel. Together, post-knockout plasticity geared towards maintaining homeostasis introduced heterogenous off-target effects on several channels and properties, suggesting that extreme caution be exercised in interpreting experimental outcomes involving channel knockouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunandha Srikanth
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Undergraduate Program, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Rishikesh Narayanan
- Cellular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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43
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Bechtel W, Bich L. Using neurons to maintain autonomy: Learning from C. elegans. Biosystems 2023; 232:105017. [PMID: 37666409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2023.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how biological organisms are autonomous-maintain themselves far from equilibrium through their own activities-requires understanding how they regulate those activities. In multicellular animals, such control can be exercised either via endocrine signaling through the vasculature or via neurons. In C. elegans this control is exercised by a well-delineated relatively small but distributed nervous system that relies on both chemical and electric transmission of signals. This system provides resources to integrate information from multiple sources as needed to maintain the organism. Especially important for the exercise of neural control are neuromodulators, which we present as setting agendas for control through more traditional electrical signaling. To illustrate how the C. elegans nervous system integrates multiple sources of information in controlling activities important for autonomy, we focus on feeding behavior and responses to adverse conditions. We conclude by considering how a distributed nervous system without a centralized controller is nonetheless adequate for autonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bechtel
- Department of Philosophy; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093-0119, USA.
| | - Leonardo Bich
- IAS-Research Centre for Life, Mind and Society; Department of Philosophy; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU); Avenida de Tolosa 70; Donostia-San Sebastian, 20018; Spain.
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Prakash SJ, Van Auken KM, Hill DP, Sternberg PW. Semantic Representation of Neural Circuit Knowledge in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.28.538760. [PMID: 37162850 PMCID: PMC10168330 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.28.538760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In modern biology, new knowledge is generated quickly, making it challenging for researchers to efficiently acquire and synthesise new information from the large volume of primary publications. To address this problem, computational approaches that generate machine-readable representations of scientific findings in the form of knowledge graphs have been developed. These representations can integrate different types of experimental data from multiple papers and biological knowledge bases in a unifying data model, providing a complementary method to manual review for interacting with published knowledge. The Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) has created a semantic modelling framework that extends individual functional gene annotations to structured descriptions of causal networks representing biological processes (Gene Ontology Causal Activity Modelling, or GO-CAM). In this study, we explored whether the GO-CAM framework could represent knowledge of the causal relationships between environmental inputs, neural circuits and behavior in the model nematode C. elegans (C. elegans Neural Circuit Causal Activity Modelling (CeN-CAM)). We found that, given extensions to several relevant ontologies, a wide variety of author statements from the literature about the neural circuit basis of egg-laying and carbon dioxide (CO2) avoidance behaviors could be faithfully represented with CeN-CAM. Through this process, we were able to generate generic data models for several categories of experimental results. We also discuss how semantic modelling may be used to functionally annotate the C. elegans connectome. Thus, Gene Ontology-based semantic modelling has the potential to support various machine-readable representations of neurobiological knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan J Prakash
- 1. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Kimberly M Van Auken
- 1. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - David P Hill
- 2. The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609 USA
| | - Paul W Sternberg
- 1. Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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45
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McGregor JN, Farris CA, Ensley S, Schneider A, Wang C, Liu Y, Tu J, Elmore H, Ronayne KD, Wessel R, Dyer EL, Bhaskaran-Nair K, Holtzman DM, Hengen KB. Tauopathy severely disrupts homeostatic set-points in emergent neural dynamics but not in the activity of individual neurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.01.555947. [PMID: 37732214 PMCID: PMC10508737 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.555947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity is essential for robust computation; key set-points, such as firing rate, are actively stabilized to compensate for perturbations. From this perspective, the disruption of brain function central to neurodegenerative disease should reflect impairments of computationally essential set-points. Despite connecting neurodegeneration to functional outcomes, the impact of disease on set-points in neuronal activity is unknown. Here we present a comprehensive, theory-driven investigation of the effects of tau-mediated neurodegeneration on homeostatic set-points in neuronal activity. In a mouse model of tauopathy, we examine 27,000 hours of hippocampal recordings during free behavior throughout disease progression. Contrary to our initial hypothesis that tauopathy would impact set-points in spike rate and variance, we found that cell-level set-points are resilient to even the latest stages of disease. Instead, we find that tauopathy disrupts neuronal activity at the network-level, which we quantify using both pairwise measures of neuron interactions as well as measurement of the network's nearness to criticality, an ideal computational regime that is known to be a homeostatic set-point. We find that shifts in network criticality 1) track with symptoms, 2) predict underlying anatomical and molecular pathology, 3) occur in a sleep/wake dependent manner, and 4) can be used to reliably classify an animal's genotype. Our data suggest that the critical set-point is intact, but that homeostatic machinery is progressively incapable of stabilizing hippocampal networks, particularly during waking. This work illustrates how neurodegenerative processes can impact the computational capacity of neurobiological systems, and suggest an important connection between molecular pathology, circuit function, and animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N McGregor
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clayton A Farris
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sahara Ensley
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aidan Schneider
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jianhong Tu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Halla Elmore
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keenan D Ronayne
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ralf Wessel
- Department of Physics, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eva L Dyer
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keith B Hengen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Viteri JA, Schulz DJ. Motor neurons within a network use cell-type specific feedback mechanisms to constrain relationships among ion channel mRNAs. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:569-584. [PMID: 37529838 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00098.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, activity has been proposed as a primary feedback mechanism used by continuously bursting neurons to coordinate ion channel mRNA relationships that underlie stable output. However, some neuron types only have intermittent periods of activity and so may require alternative mechanisms that induce and constrain the appropriate ion channel profile in different states of activity. To address this, we used the pyloric dilator (PD; constitutively active) and the lateral gastric (LG; periodically active) neurons of the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the crustacean Cancer borealis. We experimentally stimulated descending inputs to the STG to cause release of neuromodulators known to elicit the active state of LG neurons and quantified the mRNA abundances and pairwise relationships of 11 voltage-gated ion channels in active and silent LG neurons. The same stimulus does not significantly alter PD activity. Activation of LG upregulated ion channel mRNAs and lead to a greater number of positively correlated pairwise channel mRNA relationships. Conversely, this stimulus did not induce major changes in ion channel mRNA abundances and relationships of PD cells, suggesting their ongoing activity is sufficient to maintain channel mRNA relationships even under changing modulatory conditions. In addition, we found that ion channel mRNA correlations induced by the active state of LG are influenced by a combination of activity- and neuromodulator-dependent feedback mechanisms. Interestingly, some of these same correlations are maintained by distinct mechanisms in PD, suggesting that these motor networks use distinct feedback mechanisms to coordinate the same mRNA relationships across neuron types.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neurons use various feedback mechanisms to adjust and maintain their output. Here, we demonstrate that different neurons within the same network can use distinct signaling mechanisms to regulate the same ion channel mRNA relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Viteri
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - David J Schulz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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47
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Sizemore TR, Jonaitis J, Dacks AM. Heterogeneous receptor expression underlies non-uniform peptidergic modulation of olfaction in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5280. [PMID: 37644052 PMCID: PMC10465596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory systems are dynamically adjusted according to the animal's ongoing needs by neuromodulators, such as neuropeptides. Neuropeptides are often widely-distributed throughout sensory networks, but it is unclear whether such neuropeptides uniformly modulate network activity. Here, we leverage the Drosophila antennal lobe (AL) to resolve whether myoinhibitory peptide (MIP) uniformly modulates AL processing. Despite being uniformly distributed across the AL, MIP decreases olfactory input to some glomeruli, while increasing olfactory input to other glomeruli. We reveal that a heterogeneous ensemble of local interneurons (LNs) are the sole source of AL MIP, and show that differential expression of the inhibitory MIP receptor across glomeruli allows MIP to act on distinct intraglomerular substrates. Our findings demonstrate how even a seemingly simple case of modulation can have complex consequences on network processing by acting non-uniformly within different components of the overall network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler R Sizemore
- Department of Biology, Life Sciences Building, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale Science Building, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8103, USA.
| | - Julius Jonaitis
- Department of Biology, Life Sciences Building, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Andrew M Dacks
- Department of Biology, Life Sciences Building, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Schneider AC, Itani O, Cronin E, Daur N, Bucher D, Nadim F. Comodulation reduces interindividual variability of circuit output. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.03.543573. [PMID: 37383946 PMCID: PMC10298844 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.03.543573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Ionic current levels of identified neurons vary substantially across individual animals. Yet, under similar conditions, neural circuit output can be remarkably similar, as evidenced in many motor systems. All neural circuits are influenced by multiple neuromodulators which provide flexibility to their output. These neuromodulators often overlap in their actions by modulating the same channel type or synapse, yet have neuron-specific actions resulting from distinct receptor expression. Because of this different receptor expression pattern, in the presence of multiple convergent neuromodulators, a common downstream target would be activated more uniformly in circuit neurons across individuals. We therefore propose that a baseline tonic (non-saturating) level of comodulation by convergent neuromodulators can reduce interindividual variability of circuit output. We tested this hypothesis in the pyloric circuit of the crab, Cancer borealis. Multiple excitatory neuropeptides converge to activate the same voltage-gated current in this circuit, but different subsets of pyloric neurons have receptors for each peptide. We quantified the interindividual variability of the unmodulated pyloric circuit output by measuring the activity phases, cycle frequency and intraburst spike number and frequency. We then examined the variability in the presence of different combinations and concentrations of three neuropeptides. We found that at mid-level concentration (30 nM) but not at near-threshold (1 nM) or saturating (1 μM) concentrations, comodulation by multiple neuropeptides reduced the circuit output variability. Notably, the interindividual variability of response properties of an isolated neuron was not reduced by comodulation, suggesting that the reduction of output variability may emerge as a network effect.
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Patel AA, Cardona A, Cox DN. Neural substrates of cold nociception in Drosophila larva. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551339. [PMID: 37577520 PMCID: PMC10418107 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Metazoans detect and differentiate between innocuous (non-painful) and/or noxious (harmful) environmental cues using primary sensory neurons, which serve as the first node in a neural network that computes stimulus specific behaviors to either navigate away from injury-causing conditions or to perform protective behaviors that mitigate extensive injury. The ability of an animal to detect and respond to various sensory stimuli depends upon molecular diversity in the primary sensors and the underlying neural circuitry responsible for the relevant behavioral action selection. Recent studies in Drosophila larvae have revealed that somatosensory class III multidendritic (CIII md) neurons function as multimodal sensors regulating distinct behavioral responses to innocuous mechanical and nociceptive thermal stimuli. Recent advances in circuit bases of behavior have identified and functionally validated Drosophila larval somatosensory circuitry involved in innocuous (mechanical) and noxious (heat and mechanical) cues. However, central processing of cold nociceptive cues remained unexplored. We implicate multisensory integrators (Basins), premotor (Down-and-Back) and projection (A09e and TePns) neurons as neural substrates required for cold-evoked behavioral and calcium responses. Neural silencing of cell types downstream of CIII md neurons led to significant reductions in cold-evoked behaviors and neural co-activation of CIII md neurons plus additional cell types facilitated larval contraction (CT) responses. We further demonstrate that optogenetic activation of CIII md neurons evokes calcium increases in these neurons. Collectively, we demonstrate how Drosophila larvae process cold stimuli through functionally diverse somatosensory circuitry responsible for generating stimulus specific behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atit A. Patel
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Albert Cardona
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel N. Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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50
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Hutt A, Rich S, Valiante TA, Lefebvre J. Intrinsic neural diversity quenches the dynamic volatility of neural networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218841120. [PMID: 37399421 PMCID: PMC10334753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218841120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity is the norm in biology. The brain is no different: Neuronal cell types are myriad, reflected through their cellular morphology, type, excitability, connectivity motifs, and ion channel distributions. While this biophysical diversity enriches neural systems' dynamical repertoire, it remains challenging to reconcile with the robustness and persistence of brain function over time (resilience). To better understand the relationship between excitability heterogeneity (variability in excitability within a population of neurons) and resilience, we analyzed both analytically and numerically a nonlinear sparse neural network with balanced excitatory and inhibitory connections evolving over long time scales. Homogeneous networks demonstrated increases in excitability, and strong firing rate correlations-signs of instability-in response to a slowly varying modulatory fluctuation. Excitability heterogeneity tuned network stability in a context-dependent way by restraining responses to modulatory challenges and limiting firing rate correlations, while enriching dynamics during states of low modulatory drive. Excitability heterogeneity was found to implement a homeostatic control mechanism enhancing network resilience to changes in population size, connection probability, strength and variability of synaptic weights, by quenching the volatility (i.e., its susceptibility to critical transitions) of its dynamics. Together, these results highlight the fundamental role played by cell-to-cell heterogeneity in the robustness of brain function in the face of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Hutt
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Inria, ICube, MLMS, MIMESIS, StrasbourgF-67000, France
| | - Scott Rich
- Krembil Brain Institute, Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Taufik A. Valiante
- Krembil Brain Institute, Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 1A8, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 2C4, Canada
- Center for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 2A2, Canada
- Max Planck-University of Toronto Center for Neural Science and Technology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Jérémie Lefebvre
- Krembil Brain Institute, Division of Clinical and Computational Neuroscience, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5T 0S8, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ONK1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 2E4, Canada
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