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Xie L, Wu Q, Li K, Khan MAS, Zhang A, Sinha B, Li S, Chang SL, Brody DL, Grinstaff MW, Zhou S, Alterovitz G, Liu P, Wang X. Tryptophan Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease with the Involvement of Microglia and Astrocyte Crosstalk and Gut-Brain Axis. Aging Dis 2024; 15:2168-2190. [PMID: 38916729 PMCID: PMC11346405 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent neurodegenerative disease characterized by extracellular Amyloid Aβ peptide (Aβ) deposition and intracellular Tau protein aggregation. Glia, especially microglia and astrocytes are core participants during the progression of AD and these cells are the mediators of Aβ clearance and degradation. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a complex interactive network between the gut and brain involved in neurodegeneration. MGBA affects the function of glia in the central nervous system (CNS), and microbial metabolites regulate the communication between astrocytes and microglia; however, whether such communication is part of AD pathophysiology remains unknown. One of the potential links in bilateral gut-brain communication is tryptophan (Trp) metabolism. The microbiota-originated Trp and its metabolites enter the CNS to control microglial activation, and the activated microglia subsequently affect astrocyte functions. The present review highlights the role of MGBA in AD pathology, especially the roles of Trp per se and its metabolism as a part of the gut microbiota and brain communications. We (i) discuss the roles of Trp derivatives in microglia-astrocyte crosstalk from a bioinformatics perspective, (ii) describe the role of glia polarization in the microglia-astrocyte crosstalk and AD pathology, and (iii) summarize the potential of Trp metabolism as a therapeutic target. Finally, we review the role of Trp in AD from the perspective of the gut-brain axis and microglia, as well as astrocyte crosstalk, to inspire the discovery of novel AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lushuang Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Qiaofeng Wu
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Kelin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mohammed A S Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew Zhang
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bharati Sinha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sihui Li
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610075, China
| | - Sulie L Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of NeuroImmune Pharmacology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - David L Brody
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gil Alterovitz
- Biomedical Cybernetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zheng Y, Cai X, Wang D, Chen X, Wang T, Xie Y, Li H, Wang T, He Y, Li J, Li J. Exploring the relationship between lipid metabolism and cognition in individuals living with stable-phase Schizophrenia: a small cross-sectional study using Olink proteomics analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:593. [PMID: 39227832 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-06054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a core symptom of schizophrenia. Metabolic abnormalities impact cognition, and although the influence of blood lipids on cognition has been documented, it remains unclear. We conducted a small cross-sectional study to investigate the relationship between blood lipids and cognition in patients with stable-phase schizophrenia. Using Olink proteomics, we explored the potential mechanisms through which blood lipids might affect cognition from an inflammatory perspective. METHODS A total of 107 patients with stable-phase schizophrenia and cognitive impairment were strictly included. Comprehensive data collection included basic patient information, blood glucose, blood lipids, and body mass index. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). After controlling for confounding factors, we identified differential metabolic indicators between patients with mild and severe cognitive impairment and conducted correlation and regression analyses. Furthermore, we matched two small sample groups of patients with lipid metabolism abnormalities and used Olink proteomics to analyze inflammation-related differential proteins, aiming to further explore the association between lipid metabolism abnormalities and cognition. RESULTS The proportion of patients with severe cognitive impairment (SCI) was 34.58%. Compared to patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), those with SCI performed worse in the Attention/Alertness (t = 2.668, p = 0.009) and Working Memory (t = 2.496, p = 0.014) cognitive dimensions. Blood lipid metabolism indicators were correlated with cognitive function, specifically showing that higher levels of TG (r = -0.447, p < 0.001), TC (r = -0.307, p = 0.002), and LDL-C (r = -0.607, p < 0.001) were associated with poorer overall cognitive function. Further regression analysis indicated that TG (OR = 5.578, P = 0.003) and LDL-C (OR = 5.425, P = 0.001) may be risk factors for exacerbating cognitive impairment in individuals with stable-phase schizophrenia. Proteomics analysis revealed that, compared to individuals with stable-phase schizophrenia and normal lipid metabolism, those with hyperlipidemia had elevated levels of 10 inflammatory proteins and decreased levels of 2 inflammatory proteins in plasma, with these changes correlating with cognitive function. The differential proteins were primarily involved in pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Blood lipids are associated with cognitive function in individuals with stable-phase schizophrenia, with higher levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C correlating with poorer overall cognitive performance. TG and LDL-C may be risk factors for exacerbating cognitive impairment in these patients. From an inflammatory perspective, lipid metabolism abnormalities might influence cognition by activating or downregulating related proteins, or through pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkang Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
| | - Dezhong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xinghai Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yanpeng Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Haojing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yinxiong He
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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3
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Feng X, Hou Y, Liu J, Yan F, Dai M, Chen M, Wang J, Li J, Liu Z, Sun D, Zhang Y, Yu X, Kong W, Wu H. A multi-targeting immunotherapy ameliorates multiple facets of Alzheimer's disease in 3xTg mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:153. [PMID: 39164276 PMCID: PMC11336073 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00942-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intricate disorder involving amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles, and chronic neuroinflammation. Though current Aβ-directed immunotherapies effectively eliminate amyloid plaques, their limited clinical benefits and notable safety concerns arise from overlooking two other neglected neurodegenerative features. Compelling evidence highlights synergistic cooperation between Aβ and tau, underscoring the imperative need to develop combinational therapies to target the diverse pathologies of AD. In this study, we present a dual AD vaccine combining Aβ and pTau vaccines, eliciting robust and enduring antibody responses against pathological Aβ and pTau in 3xTg transgenic mice. It significantly eradicated Aβ plaques and pTau tangles, suppressed neuroinflammatory factors, and markedly enhancing cognitive abilities in 3xTg mice. Mechanistically, peripheral antibodies penetrated the brain, recognizing and inhibiting Aβ and pTau aggregation, thereby reducing their cytotoxicity. In summary, this innovative multi-targeting immunotherapy remarkably ameliorates diverse AD pathologies, demonstrating maximum benefits in slowing the clinical progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejian Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yunyu Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fei Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mingrui Dai
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Mo Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Changchun BCHT Biotechnology, 1260 Huoju Road, Changchun High-tech Zone, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjiang Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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Levites Y, Dammer EB, Ran Y, Tsering W, Duong D, Abreha M, Gadhavi J, Lolo K, Trejo-Lopez J, Phillips J, Iturbe A, Erquizi A, Moore BD, Ryu D, Natu A, Dillon K, Torrellas J, Moran C, Ladd T, Afroz F, Islam T, Jagirdar J, Funk CC, Robinson M, Rangaraju S, Borchelt DR, Ertekin-Taner N, Kelly JW, Heppner FL, Johnson ECB, McFarland K, Levey AI, Prokop S, Seyfried NT, Golde TE. Integrative proteomics identifies a conserved Aβ amyloid responsome, novel plaque proteins, and pathology modifiers in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101669. [PMID: 39127040 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that develops over decades. AD brain proteomics reveals vast alterations in protein levels and numerous altered biologic pathways. Here, we compare AD brain proteome and network changes with the brain proteomes of amyloid β (Aβ)-depositing mice to identify conserved and divergent protein networks with the conserved networks identifying an Aβ amyloid responsome. Proteins in the most conserved network (M42) accumulate in plaques, cerebrovascular amyloid (CAA), and/or dystrophic neuronal processes, and overexpression of two M42 proteins, midkine (Mdk) and pleiotrophin (PTN), increases the accumulation of Aβ in plaques and CAA. M42 proteins bind amyloid fibrils in vitro, and MDK and PTN co-accumulate with cardiac transthyretin amyloid. M42 proteins appear intimately linked to amyloid deposition and can regulate amyloid deposition, suggesting that they are pathology modifiers and thus putative therapeutic targets. We posit that amyloid-scaffolded accumulation of numerous M42+ proteins is a central mechanism mediating downstream pathophysiology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yona Levites
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Ran
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wangchen Tsering
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Duc Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Measho Abreha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshna Gadhavi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kiara Lolo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jorge Trejo-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Phillips
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrea Iturbe
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aya Erquizi
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brenda D Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danny Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aditya Natu
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kristy Dillon
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jose Torrellas
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Corey Moran
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas Ladd
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Farhana Afroz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tariful Islam
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jaishree Jagirdar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - David R Borchelt
- Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Mayo Clinic, Department of Neurology, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Kelly
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 110117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, 110117 Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Charitéplatz, 110117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik C B Johnson
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen McFarland
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Goizueta Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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Kim Y, Ryu SH, Hyun J, Cho YS, Jung YK. TLR2 immunotherapy suppresses neuroinflammation, tau spread, and memory loss in rTg4510 mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024:S0889-1591(24)00524-5. [PMID: 39098437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease, chronic neuroinflammation is accompanied by amyloid and tau pathologies. Especially, aberrant microglial activation is known to precede the regional tau pathology development, but the mechanisms how microglia affect tau spread remain largely unknown. Here, we found that toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in microglia recognizes oligomeric tau as a pathogenic ligand and induces inflammatory responses. Knockout of TLR2 reduced tau pathology and microglial activation in rTg4510 tau transgenic mice. Treatment of oligomeric tau induced TLR2 activation and increased inflammatory responses in microglial cells. TLR2 further mediated the tau-induced microglial activation and promoted tau uptake into neurons in neuron-microglia co-culture system and in mouse hippocampus after intracranial tau injection. Importantly, treatment with anti-TLR2 monoclonal antibody Tomaralimab blocked TLR2 activation and inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly reduced tau spread and memory loss in rTg4510 mice. These results suggest that TLR2 plays a crucial role in tau spread by causing aberrant microglial activation in response to pathological tau, and blocking TLR2 with immunotherapy may ameliorate tau pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shin-Hyeon Ryu
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Hyun
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sin Cho
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Keun Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Sun Z, Zhang X, So KF, Jiang W, Chiu K. Targeting Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Biomolecules 2024; 14:833. [PMID: 39062547 PMCID: PMC11274940 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, as resident macrophages in the central nervous system, play a multifunctional role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their clustering around amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits is a core pathological feature of AD. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) have revealed dynamic changes in microglial phenotypes over time and across different brain regions during aging and AD progression. As AD advances, microglia primarily exhibit impaired phagocytosis of Aβ and tau, along with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that damage synapses and neurons. Targeting microglia has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for AD. Treatment strategies involving microglia can be broadly categorized into two aspects: (1) enhancing microglial function: This involves augmenting their phagocytic ability against Aβ and cellular debris and (2) mitigating neuroinflammation: Strategies include inhibiting TNF-α signaling to reduce the neuroinflammatory response triggered by microglia. Clinical trials exploring microglia-related approaches for AD treatment have garnered attention. Additionally, natural products show promise in enhancing beneficial effects and suppressing inflammatory responses. Clarifying microglial dynamics, understanding their roles, and exploring novel therapeutic approaches will advance our fight against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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7
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Ceprián N, Martínez de Toda I, Maté I, Garrido A, Gimenez-Llort L, De la Fuente M. Prodromic Inflammatory-Oxidative Stress in Peritoneal Leukocytes of Triple-Transgenic Mice for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6976. [PMID: 39000092 PMCID: PMC11241217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory-oxidative stress is known to be pivotal in the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the involvement of this stress at the peripheral level in the disease's onset has been scarcely studied. This study investigated the pro-inflammatory profile and oxidative stress parameters in peritoneal leukocytes from female triple-transgenic mice for AD (3xTgAD) and non-transgenic mice (NTg). Peritoneal leukocytes were obtained at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 15 months of age. The concentrations of TNFα, INFγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10 released in cultures without stimuli and mitogen concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide presence were measured. The concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), lipid peroxidation, and Hsp70 were also analyzed in the peritoneal cells. Our results showed that although there was a lower release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by 3xTgAD mice, this response was uncontrolled and overstimulated, especially at a prodromal stage at 2 months of age. In addition, there were lower concentrations of GSH in leukocytes from 3xTgAD and higher amounts of lipid peroxides at 2 and 4 months, as well as, at 6 months, a lower concentration of Hsp70. In conclusion, 3xTgAD mice show a worse pro-inflammatory response and higher oxidative stress than NTg mice during the prodromal stages, potentially supporting the idea that Alzheimer's disease could be a consequence of peripheral alteration in the leukocyte inflammation-oxidation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemí Ceprián
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Martínez de Toda
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ianire Maté
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Garrido
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Gimenez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica De la Fuente
- Animal Physiology Unit, Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Investigation Hospital 12 Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Zhan F, Lin G, Su L, Xue L, Duan K, Chen L, Ni J. The association between methylmalonic acid, a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction, and cause-specific mortality in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29357. [PMID: 38681550 PMCID: PMC11053175 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the leading causes of death among the elderly. Recent research has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction, which is hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, is a contributor to the development of these diseases. Methods and materials Methylmalonic acid (MMA), AD, PD, inflammatory markers and covariates were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The classification of the inflammatory markers was done through quartile conversion. A restricted cubic spike function was performed to study their dose-response relationship. MMA subgroups from published studies were used to explore the correlation between different subgroups and cause-specific mortality. Multivariable weighted Cox regression was carried out to investigate MMA and cause-specific mortality in patients with AD and PD. Weighted survival analysis was used to study the survival differences among MMA subgroups. Results A non-linear correlation was observed between MMA and AD-specific death and PD-specific mortality. The presence of MMA Q4 was linked to increased death rates among AD patients (HR = 6.39, 95%CI: 1.19-35.24, P = 0.03) after controlling for potential confounders in a multivariable weighted Cox regression model. In PD patients, the MMA Q4 (Q4: HR: 5.51, 95 % CI: 1.26-24, P = 0.02) was also related to increased mortality. The results of survival analysis indicated that the poorer prognoses were observed in AD and PD patients with MMA Q4. Conclusion The higher level of mitochondria-derived circulating MMA was associated with a higher mortality rate in AD and PD patients. MMA has the potential to be a valuable indicator for evaluating AD and PD patients' prognosis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Zhan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350212, China
| | - Gaoteng Lin
- Department of Urology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lifang Su
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351106, China
| | - Lihong Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351106, China
| | - Kefei Duan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Longfei Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350212, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350000, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350212, China
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9
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Sharma M, Aggarwal N, Mishra J, Panda JJ. Neuroglia targeting nano-therapeutic approaches to rescue aging and neurodegenerating brain. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123950. [PMID: 38430951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite intense efforts at the bench, the development of successful brain-targeting therapeutics to relieve malicious neural diseases remains primitive. The brain, being a beautifully intricate organ, consists of heterogeneous arrays of neuronal and glial cells. Primarily acting as the support system for neuronal functioning and maturation, glial cells have been observed to be engaged more apparently in the progression and worsening of various neural pathologies. The diseased state is often related to metabolic alterations in glial cells, thereby modulating their physiological homeostasis in conjunction with neuronal dysfunction. A plethora of data indicates the effect of oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and DNA damage in neuroglia impairments. Still, a deeper insight is needed to gain a conflict-free understanding in this arena. As a consequence, glial cells hold the potential to be identified as promising targets for novel therapeutic approaches aimed at brain protection. In this review, we describe the recent strides taken in the direction of understanding the impact of oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and DNA damage on neuroglia impairment and neuroglia-directed nanotherapeutic approaches to mitigate the burden of various neural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Nidhi Aggarwal
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Jibanananda Mishra
- School of Biosciences, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab 147301, India.
| | - Jiban Jyoti Panda
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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10
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Cox LM, Tatematsu BK, Guo L, LeServe DS, Mayrink J, Oliveira MG, Donnelly D, Fonseca RC, Lemos L, Lanser TB, Rosa AC, Lopes JR, Schwerdtfeger LA, Ribeiro GFC, Lobo ELC, Moreira TG, Oliveira AG, Weiner HL, Rezende RM. Gamma-delta T cells suppress microbial metabolites that activate striatal neurons and induce repetitive/compulsive behavior in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:242-254. [PMID: 38281671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal γδ T cells play an important role in shaping the gut microbiota, which is critical not only for maintaining intestinal homeostasis but also for controlling brain function and behavior. Here, we found that mice deficient for γδ T cells (γδ-/-) developed an abnormal pattern of repetitive/compulsive (R/C) behavior, which was dependent on the gut microbiota. Colonization of WT mice with γδ-/- microbiota induced R/C behavior whereas colonization of γδ-/- mice with WT microbiota abolished the R/C behavior. Moreover, γδ-/- mice had elevated levels of the microbial metabolite 3-phenylpropanoic acid in their cecum, which is a precursor to hippurate (HIP), a metabolite we found to be elevated in the CSF. HIP reaches the striatum and activates dopamine type 1 (D1R)-expressing neurons, leading to R/C behavior. Altogether, these data suggest that intestinal γδ T cells shape the gut microbiota and their metabolites and prevent dysfunctions of the striatum associated with behavior modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Cox
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruna K Tatematsu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lydia Guo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danielle S LeServe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia Mayrink
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marilia G Oliveira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dustin Donnelly
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roberta C Fonseca
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luisa Lemos
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Toby B Lanser
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ana C Rosa
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliana R Lopes
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luke A Schwerdtfeger
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriela F C Ribeiro
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eduardo L C Lobo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thais G Moreira
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andre G Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Biologic Institutes of Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Howard L Weiner
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rafael M Rezende
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Foley KE, Winder Z, Sudduth TL, Martin BJ, Nelson PT, Jicha GA, Harp JP, Weekman EM, Wilcock DM. Alzheimer's disease and inflammatory biomarkers positively correlate in plasma in the UK-ADRC cohort. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:1374-1386. [PMID: 38011580 PMCID: PMC10917006 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein-based plasma assays provide hope for improving accessibility and specificity of molecular diagnostics to diagnose dementia. METHODS Plasma was obtained from participants (N = 837) in our community-based University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center cohort. We evaluated six Alzheimer's disease (AD)- and neurodegeneration-related (Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/40, p-tau181, total tau, and NfLight) and five inflammatory biomarkers (TNF𝛼, IL6, IL8, IL10, and GFAP) using the SIMOA-based protein assay platform. Statistics were performed to assess correlations. RESULTS Our large cohort reflects previous plasma biomarker findings. Relationships between biomarkers to understand AD-inflammatory biomarker correlations showed significant associations between AD and inflammatory biomarkers suggesting peripheral inflammatory interactions with increasing AD pathology. Biomarker associations parsed out by clinical diagnosis (normal, MCI, and dementia) reveal changes in strength of the correlations across the cognitive continuum. DISCUSSION Unique AD-inflammatory biomarker correlations in a community-based cohort reveal a new avenue for utilizing plasma-based biomarkers in the assessment of AD and related dementias. HIGHLIGHTS Large community cohorts studying sex, age, and APOE genotype effects on biomarkers are few. It is unknown how biomarker-biomarker associations vary through aging and dementia. Six AD (Aβ40, Aβ42, Aβ42/40, p-tau181, total tau, and NfLight) and five inflammatory biomarkers (TNFα, IL6, IL8, IL10, and GFAP) were used to examine associations between biomarkers. Plasma biomarkers suggesting increasing cerebral AD pathology corresponded to increases in peripheral inflammatory markers, both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. Strength of correlations, between pairs of classic AD and inflammatory plasma biomarker, changes throughout cognitive progression to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E. Foley
- Sanders Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Zachary Winder
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Tiffany L. Sudduth
- Sanders Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Barbara J. Martin
- Sanders Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Peter T. Nelson
- Sanders Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Sanders Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Neurology, College of Public HealthUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Jordan P. Harp
- Sanders Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Neurology, College of Public HealthUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Erica M. Weekman
- Sanders Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Donna M. Wilcock
- Sanders Brown Center on AgingUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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12
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Levites Y, Dammer EB, Ran Y, Tsering W, Duong D, Abreha M, Gadhavi J, Lolo K, Trejo-Lopez J, Phillips JL, Iturbe A, Erqiuzi A, Moore BD, Ryu D, Natu A, Dillon KD, Torrellas J, Moran C, Ladd TB, Afroz KF, Islam T, Jagirdar J, Funk CC, Robinson M, Borchelt DR, Ertekin-Taner N, Kelly JW, Heppner FL, Johnson EC, McFarland K, Levey AL, Prokop S, Seyfried NT, Golde TE. Aβ Amyloid Scaffolds the Accumulation of Matrisome and Additional Proteins in Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.29.568318. [PMID: 38076912 PMCID: PMC10705437 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.29.568318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We report a highly significant correlation in brain proteome changes between Alzheimers disease (AD) and CRND8 APP695NL/F transgenic mice. However, integrating protein changes observed in the CRND8 mice with co-expression networks derived from human AD, reveals both conserved and divergent module changes. For the most highly conserved module (M42, matrisome) we find many proteins accumulate in plaques, cerebrovascular amyloid (CAA), dystrophic processes, or a combination thereof. Overexpression of two M42 proteins, midkine (Mdk) and pleiotrophin (PTN), in CRND8 mice brains leads to increased accumulation of A β ; in plaques and in CAA; further, recombinant MDK and PTN enhance A β ; aggregation into amyloid. Multiple M42 proteins, annotated as heparan sulfate binding proteins, bind to fibrillar A β 42 and a non-human amyloid fibril in vitro. Supporting this binding data, MDK and PTN co-accumulate with transthyretin (TTR) amyloid in the heart and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) amyloid in the pancreas. Our findings establish several critical insights. Proteomic changes in modules observed in human AD brains define an A β ; amyloid responsome that is well conserved from mouse model to human. Further, distinct amyloid structures may serve as scaffolds, facilitating the co-accumulation of proteins with signaling functions. We hypothesize that this co-accumulation may contribute to downstream pathological sequalae. Overall, this contextualized understanding of proteomic changes and their interplay with amyloid deposition provides valuable insights into the complexity of AD pathogenesis and potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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13
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Lalwani RC, Volmar CH, Wahlestedt C, Webster KA, Shehadeh LA. Contextualizing the Role of Osteopontin in the Inflammatory Responses of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3232. [PMID: 38137453 PMCID: PMC10741223 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive accumulations of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregates from soluble oligomers to insoluble plaques and hyperphosphorylated intraneuronal tau, also from soluble oligomers to insoluble neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Tau and Aβ complexes spread from the entorhinal cortex of the brain to interconnected regions, where they bind pattern recognition receptors on microglia and astroglia to trigger inflammation and neurotoxicity that ultimately lead to neurodegeneration and clinical AD. Systemic inflammation is initiated by Aβ's egress into the circulation, which may be secondary to microglial activation and can confer both destructive and reparative actions. Microglial activation pathways and downstream drivers of Aβ/NFT neurotoxicity, including inflammatory regulators, are primary targets for AD therapy. Osteopontin (OPN), an inflammatory cytokine and biomarker of AD, is implicated in Aβ clearance and toxicity, microglial activation, and inflammation, and is considered to be a potential therapeutic target. Here, using the most relevant works from the literature, we review and contextualize the evidence for a central role of OPN and associated inflammation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni C. Lalwani
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Department of Psychiatry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.-H.V.); (C.W.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Department of Psychiatry, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (C.-H.V.); (C.W.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Keith A. Webster
- Integene International Holdings, LLC, Miami, FL 33137, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Everglades BioPharma, Houston, TX 77098, USA
| | - Lina A. Shehadeh
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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14
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Gaunt JR, Zainolabidin N, Yip AKK, Tan JM, Low AYT, Chen AI, Ch'ng TH. Cytokine enrichment in deep cerebellar nuclei is contributed by multiple glial populations and linked to reduced amyloid plaque pathology. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:269. [PMID: 37978387 PMCID: PMC10656954 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02913-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposition progress slowly in the cerebellum compared to other brain regions, while the entorhinal cortex (EC) is one of the most vulnerable regions. Using a knock-in AD mouse model (App KI), we show that within the cerebellum, the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) has particularly low accumulation of Aβ plaques. To identify factors that might underlie differences in the progression of AD-associated neuropathology across regions, we profiled gene expression in single nuclei (snRNAseq) across all cell types in the DCN and EC of wild-type (WT) and App KI male mice at age 7 months. We found differences in expression of genes associated with inflammatory activation, PI3K-AKT signalling, and neuron support functions between both regions and genotypes. In WT mice, the expression of interferon-response genes in microglia is higher in the DCN than the EC and this enrichment is confirmed by RNA in situ hybridisation, and measurement of inflammatory cytokines by protein array. Our analyses also revealed that multiple glial populations are responsible for establishing this cytokine-enriched niche. Furthermore, homogenates derived from the DCN induced inflammatory gene expression in BV2 microglia. We also assessed the relationship between the DCN microenvironment and Aβ pathology by depleting microglia using a CSF1R inhibitor PLX5622 and saw that, surprisingly, the expression of a subset of inflammatory cytokines was increased while plaque abundance in the DCN was further reduced. Overall, our study revealed the presence of a cytokine-enriched microenvironment unique to the DCN that when modulated, can alter plaque deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Gaunt
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Science Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Norliyana Zainolabidin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Science Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Alaric K K Yip
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Science Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Science Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Aloysius Y T Low
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Albert I Chen
- Center for Aging Research, Scintillon Institute, 6868 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Toh Hean Ch'ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Clinical Science Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.
- School of Biological Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 63755, Singapore.
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15
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Chen J, Doyle MF, Fang Y, Mez J, Crane PK, Scollard P, Satizabal CL, Alosco ML, Qiu WQ, Murabito JM, Lunetta KL. Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers are associated with cognitive function and dementia: Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13955. [PMID: 37584418 PMCID: PMC10577533 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory protein biomarkers induced by immune responses have been associated with cognitive decline and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigate associations between a panel of inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive function and incident dementia outcomes in the well-characterized Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort. Participants aged ≥40 years and dementia-free at Exam 7 who had a stored plasma sample were selected for profiling using the OLINK proteomics inflammation panel. Cross-sectional associations of the biomarkers with cognitive domain scores (N = 708, 53% female, 22% apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers, 15% APOE ε2 carriers, mean age 61) and incident all-cause and AD dementia during up to 20 years of follow-up were tested. APOE genotype-stratified analyses were performed to explore effect modification. Higher levels of 12 and 3 proteins were associated with worse executive function and language domain factor scores, respectively. Several proteins were associated with more than one cognitive domain, including IL10, LIF-R, TWEAK, CCL19, IL-17C, MCP-4, and TGF-alpha. Stratified analyses suggested differential effects between APOE ε2 and ε4 carriers: most ε4 carrier associations were with executive function and memory domains, whereas most ε2 associations were with the visuospatial domain. Higher levels of TNFB and CDCP1 were associated with higher risks of incident all-cause and AD dementia. Our study found that TWEAK concentration was associated both with cognitive function and risks for AD dementia. The association of these inflammatory biomarkers with cognitive function and incident dementia may contribute to the discovery of therapeutic interventions for the prevention and treatment of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Chen
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of BiostatisticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Margaret F. Doyle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLarner College of Medicine, University of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Yuan Fang
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of BiostatisticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jesse Mez
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
| | - Paul K. Crane
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Phoebe Scollard
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative DiseasesSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Michael L. Alosco
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Wei Qiao Qiu
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and CTE CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology & Experimental TherapeuticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of MedicineFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal MedicineBoston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathryn L. Lunetta
- Boston University School of Public HealthDepartment of BiostatisticsBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Xie Z, Meng J, Wu Z, Nakanishi H, Hayashi Y, Kong W, Lan F, Narengaowa, Yang Q, Qing H, Ni J. The Dual Nature of Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: A Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk Perspective. Neuroscientist 2023; 29:616-638. [PMID: 35348415 DOI: 10.1177/10738584211070273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are critical players in the neuroimmune system, and their involvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is increasingly being recognized. However, whether microglia play a positive or negative role in AD remains largely controversial and the precise molecular targets for intervention are not well defined. This partly results from the opposing roles of microglia in AD pathology, and is mainly reflected in the microglia-neuron interaction. Microglia can prune synapses resulting in excessive synapse loss and neuronal dysfunction, but they can also promote synapse formation, enhancing neural network plasticity. Neuroimmune crosstalk accelerates microglial activation, which induces neuron death and enhances the microglial phagocytosis of β-amyloid to protect neurons. Moreover, microglia have dual opposing roles in developing the major pathological features in AD, such as amyloid deposition and blood-brain barrier permeability. This review summarizes the dual opposing role of microglia in AD from the perspective of the interaction between neurons and microglia. Additionally, current AD treatments targeting microglia and the advantages and disadvantages of developing microglia-targeted therapeutic strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Narengaowa
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghu Yang
- Research Center for Resource Peptide Drugs, Shanxi Engineering & Technological Research Center for Conversation & Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, Yanan University, Yanan, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Department of Biology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Shi Y, Lin F, Li Y, Wang Y, Chen X, Meng F, Ye Q, Cai G. Association of pro-inflammatory diet with increased risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's dementia: a prospective study of 166,377 UK Biobank participants. BMC Med 2023; 21:266. [PMID: 37480061 PMCID: PMC10362711 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests an association between pro-inflammatory diets and cognitive function. However, only a few studies based on small sample sizes have explored the association between pro-inflammatory diets and dementia using the dietary inflammatory index (DII). Additionally, the relationship between DII and different subtypes of dementia, such as Alzheimer's dementia and vascular dementia, remains largely unexplored. Given the changes in brain structure already observed in patients with dementia, we also investigated the association between DII and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of brain structure to provide some hints to elucidate the potential mechanisms between pro-inflammatory diet and cognitive decline. METHODS A total of 166,377 UK Biobank participants without dementia at baseline were analyzed. DII calculations were based on the information collected by the 24-h recall questionnaire. Brain structural anatomy and tissue-specific volumes were measured using brain MRI. Cox proportional hazards models, competing risk models, and restricted cubic spline were applied to assess the longitudinal associations. The generalized linear model was used to assess the association between DII and MRI measurements. RESULTS During a median follow-up time of 9.46 years, a total of 1372 participants developed dementia. The incidence of all-cause dementia increased by 4.6% for each additional unit of DII [hazard ratio (HR): 1.046]. Besides, DII displayed a "J-shaped" non-linear association with Alzheimer's dementia (Pnonlinear = 0.003). When DII was above 1.30, an increase in DII was significantly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's dementia (HR: 1.391, 95%CI: 1.085-1.784, P = 0.009). For brain MRI, the total volume of white matter hyperintensities increased with an increase in DII, whereas the volume of gray matter in the hippocampus decreased. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort study, higher DII was associated with a higher risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's dementia. However, our findings suggested that the association with DII and vascular and frontotemporal dementia was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Fabin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yueping Li
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yingqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Fangang Meng
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Donato L, Mordà D, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. How Many Alzheimer-Perusini's Atypical Forms Do We Still Have to Discover? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2035. [PMID: 37509674 PMCID: PMC10377159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer-Perusini's (AD) disease represents the most spread dementia around the world and constitutes a serious problem for public health. It was first described by the two physicians from whom it took its name. Nowadays, we have extensively expanded our knowledge about this disease. Starting from a merely clinical and histopathologic description, we have now reached better molecular comprehension. For instance, we passed from an old conceptualization of the disease based on plaques and tangles to a more modern vision of mixed proteinopathy in a one-to-one relationship with an alteration of specific glial and neuronal phenotypes. However, no disease-modifying therapies are yet available. It is likely that the only way to find a few "magic bullets" is to deepen this aspect more and more until we are able to draw up specific molecular profiles for single AD cases. This review reports the most recent classifications of AD atypical variants in order to summarize all the clinical evidence using several discrimina (for example, post mortem neurofibrillary tangle density, cerebral atrophy, or FDG-PET studies). The better defined four atypical forms are posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (LvPPA), behavioral/dysexecutive variant and AD with corticobasal degeneration (CBS). Moreover, we discuss the usefulness of such classifications before outlining the molecular-genetic aspects focusing on microglial activity or, more generally, immune system control of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Via Michele Miraglia, 98139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico Mordà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Via Michele Miraglia, 98139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Strategies, Genetics, Cutting-Edge Therapies, Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Via Michele Miraglia, 98139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Bennett ML. A polarizing answer - microglia in Nasu-Hakola disease. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:379-381. [PMID: 36823406 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko L Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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20
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MORIKAWA TETSURO, UEHARA OSAMU, PAUDEL DURGA, YOSHIDA KOKI, HARADA FUMIYA, HIRAKI DAICHI, SATO JUN, MATSUOKA HIROFUMI, KURAMITSU YASUHIRO, MICHIKAWA MAKOTO, ABIKO YOSHIHIRO. Systemic Administration of Lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis Decreases Neprilysin Expression in the Mouse Hippocampus. In Vivo 2023; 37:163-172. [PMID: 36593043 PMCID: PMC9843806 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of neurodegenerative disorder in elderly individuals worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests that periodontal diseases are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and an association between periodontitis and amyloid-β deposition in elderly individuals has been demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of systemic administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipopolysaccharide (PG-LPS) on neprilysin expression in the hippocampus of adult and senescence-accelerated mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS PG-LPS diluted in saline was intraperitoneally administered to male C57BL/6J and senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice at a dose of 5 mg/kg every 3 days for 3 months. Both C57BL/6J and SAMP8 mice administered saline without PG-LPS comprised the control group. The mRNA expression levels of neprilysin and interleukin (IL)-10 were evaluated using the quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of neprilysin were assessed using western blotting. Sections of the brain tissues were immunohistochemically stained. RESULTS The serum IL-10 concentration significantly increased in both mouse strains after stimulation with PG-LPS. Neprilysin expression at both mRNA and protein levels was significantly lower in the SAMP8 PG-LPS group than those in the SAMP8 control group; however, they did not differ in PG-LPS-treated or non-treated C57BL/6J mice. Additionally, the immunofluorescence intensity of neprilysin in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in PG-LPS-treated SAMP8 mice was significantly lower than that in control SAMP8 mice. CONCLUSION Porphyromonas gingivalis may reduce the expression of neprilysin in elderly individuals and thus increase amyloid-β deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- TETSURO MORIKAWA
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - OSAMU UEHARA
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - DURGA PAUDEL
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - KOKI YOSHIDA
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - FUMIYA HARADA
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - DAICHI HIRAKI
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral and Maxillofacial Region, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - JUN SATO
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - HIROFUMI MATSUOKA
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - YASUHIRO KURAMITSU
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - MAKOTO MICHIKAWA
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - YOSHIHIRO ABIKO
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
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Zhao J, Wang X, He Y, Xu P, Lai L, Chung Y, Pan X. The Role of T Cells in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Crit Rev Immunol 2023; 43:15-23. [PMID: 37943150 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with memory decline and cognitive impairment, which is related to hallmark protein aggregates, amyloid-β (Аβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles; the latter are accumulated with hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. Immune cells play an important role in AD pathogenesis. Although the role of T cells in AD remains controversial, studies have shown that T cell deficiency is associated with increased AD pathology. In contrast, transplantation of T cells reduces AD pathology. T cells can help B cells generate anti-Аβ antibody to neutralize the toxin of Аβ and hyperphosphorylated Tau. T cells also activate macrophages to phagocytose misfolded proteins including Аβ and Tau. Recent data have also shown that AD animals have a damaged thymic microenvironment, especially thymic epithelial cells (TECs), resulting in decreased T cell numbers, which contribute to AD pathology. Therefore, regulation of T cell regeneration, for example by rejuvenating the thymic microenvironment, has the potential to be used in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; ImStem Biotechnology, Inc., 400 Farmington Avenue R1808, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Yusheng He
- ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Laijun Lai
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Younggie Chung
- ZhuHai Hengqin ImStem Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Hengqin New District Huandao Donglu 1889 Building 3, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China; ImStem Biotechnology, Inc., 400 Farmington Avenue R1808, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, 510515, China
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22
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Wu ZG, Huang YJ, Wang TY, Deng CY, Xu ZR, Tang CZ. Effect of acupuncture on neuroinflammation in animal models of Alzheimer's disease: A preclinical systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1110087. [PMID: 36936500 PMCID: PMC10014858 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite neuroinflammation being an important component of the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), effective therapies to alleviate neuroinflammation are still lacking. Many animal experiments in AD have found that acupuncture may ameliorate cognition by decreasing neuroinflammation and modulating cytokines, but its effects have not been systematically examined. We aimed to assess its efficacy on neuroinflammation in AD and to investigate the potential mechanisms. Materials and methods The following databases were searched from inception until 24 August 2022: Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Animal studies that reported the efficacy of acupuncture on neuroinflammation in AD were included. The SYRCLE Robt was utilized to evaluate methodological quality. Stata 17 was utilized to conduct a meta-analysis of cytokine levels and the results of the Morris water maze. Results 23 studies were included, with a total of 417 rats/mice. The overall quality of all included reports was medium. The results indicated that acupuncture significantly reduced the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines which included IL-1β [SMD = -3.50, 95% CI (-4.31, -2.69); I 2 = 78.6%] (P < 0.05), TNF-α [SMD = -3.05, 95% CI (-3.86, -2.24); I 2 = 69.6%] (P < 0.05), IL-6 [SMD = -3.22, 95% CI (-4.62, -1.81); I 2 = 77.6%] and enhanced the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4 [SMD = 2.77, 95% CI (1.95, 3.59); I 2 = 33.9%] (P < 0.05), IL-10 [SMD = 1.84, 95% CI (1.20, 2.49); I 2 = 41.0%] (P < 0.05) in an animal model of AD. Regarding the Morris water maze, compared to the control group, the acupuncture group showed a shorter escape latency [SMD = -2.23, 95% CI (-2.89, -1.57); I 2 = 79.2%] (P < 0.05), longer duration in platform quadrant [SMD = 2.34, 95% CI (1.44, 3.23); I 2 = 81.7%] (P < 0.05), and increased platform crossing number [SMD = 2.79, 95% CI (2.06, 3.53); I 2 = 71.9%] (P < 0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture may reduce neuroinflammation in AD by modulating cytokine expression. This modulation significantly improved cognitive function in animal models of AD. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022354878.
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23
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Ying ZJ, Huang YY, Shao MM, Chi CH, Jiang MX, Yu-Chen YHC, Sun MX, Zhu YY, Li X. Relationships of Low Serum Levels of Interleukin-10 With Poststroke Anxiety and Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Clinical Acute Stroke. J Clin Neurol 2023; 19:242-250. [PMID: 37151141 PMCID: PMC10169919 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relationships among interleukin (IL)-10 levels, anxiety, and cognitive status after stroke remain controversial. We aimed to determine the associations of serum IL-10 levels with poststroke anxiety (PSA) and poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). METHODS We recruited 350 patients with stroke, of whom only 151 completed a 1-month follow-up assessment. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess the cognitive status and anxiety, respectively. Serum IL-10 levels were measured within 24 hours of admission. RESULTS IL-10 levels were significantly lower in the PSA group than in the non-PSA group, and they were negatively associated with HAMA scores (r=-0.371, p<0.001). After adjusting for all potential confounders, IL-10 levels remained an independent predictor of PSA (odds ratio=0.471, 95% confidence interval=0.237-0.936, p=0.032). IL-10 levels were strongly correlated with behavior during interviews, psychic anxiety, and somatic anxiety. Patients without PSCI had higher IL-10 levels were higher in non-PSCI patients than in PSCI patients, and they were positively associated with MMSE scores in the bivariate correlation analysis (r=0.169, p=0.038), and also with memory capacity, naming ability, and copying capacity. However, IL-10 did not predict PSCI in the univariable or multivariable logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS Low IL-10 levels were associated with increased risks of PSA and PSCI at a 1-month follow-up after stroke. Serum IL-10 levels may therefore be helpful in predicting PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-jian Ying
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chu-Huai Chi
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming-Xia Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hui Chenb Yu-Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Miao-Xuan Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianmei Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Effects of diverse Types of Toxoplasma gondii on the outcome of Alzheimer's disease in the rat model. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105931. [PMID: 36473668 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii has lifelong persistence in the brain and its cysts can affect gene expression and change diverse biological functions of neurons. Many studies indicated T. gondii infection as a risk factor for the development of behavioral changes and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the etiopathogenetic link between them has not been exactly elucidated. The current study aimed to examine the effects of chronic toxoplasmosis infection with Types I, II, and III strains (RH, PRU, and VEG) alone and in combination on cognitive impairments and neuronal death in the Aβ1-42-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease. In the chronic toxoplasmosis phase, Alzheimer's induction was conducted by injecting Aβ1-42 oligomers into the rat brain hippocampus. Behavioral tests were conducted 10 days after the AD induction. Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate T. gondii parasite burden by amplification of the B1 gene. Cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 were assayed in brain tissue supernatant using ELISA. Also, histopathological examinations were conducted to calculate inflammatory changes and neuronal death in the brain. Our findings showed that chronic toxoplasmosis infection with PRU reduces cognitive disorders, while the RH strain of T. gondii plays a destructive role and aggravates cognitive impairments in AD. Also, infection with a combination of PRU and VEG strains significantly improved spatial learning and memory impairments in Alzheimer's rat model. Histopathological findings also confirmed the results of behavioral tests, so that in AβPRU and AβPRU + VEG groups, neuronal death and infiltration of inflammatory cells were negligible and significantly less than in Alzheimer's and AβRH groups. Our findings indicate that chronic toxoplasmosis infection with PRU strain alone, also in combination with VEG strain can significantly improve cognitive disorders in AD rats, while RH strain plays a destructive role in AD pathogenesis.
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Rudan Njavro J, Vukicevic M, Fiorini E, Dinkel L, Müller SA, Berghofer A, Bordier C, Kozlov S, Halle A, Buschmann K, Capell A, Giudici C, Willem M, Feederle R, Lichtenthaler SF, Babolin C, Montanari P, Pfeifer A, Kosco-Vilbois M, Tahirovic S. Beneficial Effect of ACI-24 Vaccination on Aβ Plaque Pathology and Microglial Phenotypes in an Amyloidosis Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010079. [PMID: 36611872 PMCID: PMC9818422 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition is an initiating factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia are the brain immune cells that surround and phagocytose Aβ plaques, but their phagocytic capacity declines in AD. This is in agreement with studies that associate AD risk loci with genes regulating the phagocytic function of immune cells. Immunotherapies are currently pursued as strategies against AD and there are increased efforts to understand the role of the immune system in ameliorating AD pathology. Here, we evaluated the effect of the Aβ targeting ACI-24 vaccine in reducing AD pathology in an amyloidosis mouse model. ACI-24 vaccination elicited a robust and sustained antibody response in APPPS1 mice with an accompanying reduction of Aβ plaque load, Aβ plaque-associated ApoE and dystrophic neurites as compared to non-vaccinated controls. Furthermore, an increased number of NLRP3-positive plaque-associated microglia was observed following ACI-24 vaccination. In contrast to this local microglial activation at Aβ plaques, we observed a more ramified morphology of Aβ plaque-distant microglia compared to non-vaccinated controls. Accordingly, bulk transcriptomic analysis revealed a trend towards the reduced expression of several disease-associated microglia (DAM) signatures that is in line with the reduced Aβ plaque load triggered by ACI-24 vaccination. Our study demonstrates that administration of the Aβ targeting vaccine ACI-24 reduces AD pathology, suggesting its use as a safe and cost-effective AD therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lina Dinkel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A. Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Berghofer
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Chiara Bordier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kozlov
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annett Halle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Buschmann
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Anja Capell
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Camilla Giudici
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Willem
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Neuroproteomics, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Adhikari UK, Khan R, Mikhael M, Balez R, David MA, Mahns D, Hardy J, Tayebi M. Therapeutic anti-amyloid β antibodies cause neuronal disturbances. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [PMID: 36515320 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent published clinical trial safety data showed that 41% of Alzheimer patients experienced amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), marks of microhemorrhages and edema in the brain, following administration of Biogen's Aduhelm/aducanumab (amino acids 3-7 of the Aβ peptide). Similarly, Janssen/Pfizer's Bapineuzumab (amino acids 1-5 of the Aβ peptide) and Roche's Gantenerumab (amino acids 2-11/18-27 of the Aβ peptide) also displayed ARIA in clinical trials, including microhemorrhage and focal areas of inflammation or vasogenic edema, respectively. The molecular mechanisms underlying ARIA caused by therapeutic anti-Aβ antibodies remain largely unknown, however, recent reports demonstrated that therapeutic anti-prion antibodies activate neuronal allergenic proteomes following cross-linking cellular prion protein. METHODS Here, we report that treatment of human induced pluripotent stem cells- derived neurons (HSCN) from a non-demented donor, co-cultured with human primary microglia with anti-Aβ1-6, or anti-Aβ17-23 antibodies activate a significant number of allergenic-related proteins as assessed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS Interestingly, a large proportion of the identified proteins included cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-12, and IL-13 suggesting a type-1 hypersensitivity response. Following flow cytometry analysis, several proinflammatory cytokines were significantly elevated following anti-Aβ1-6, or anti-Aβ17-23 antibody treatment. DISCUSSION These results justify further and more robust investigation of the molecular mechanisms of ARIA during immunotherapy study trials of AD. HIGHLIGHTS Allergenic-related proteins are often linked with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the effects of amyloid beta (Aβ) immunotherapy on stem cell derived neurons and primary neuronal cells co-cultured with microglia. Anti-Aβ antibody treatment of neurons or neurons co-cultured with microglia led to activation of a substantial number of allergenic-related genes. These allergenic-related genes are associated with endothelial dysfunction possibly responsible for ARIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Kumar Adhikari
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rizwan Khan
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meena Mikhael
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachelle Balez
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - David Mahns
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mourad Tayebi
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
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Mullin DS, Cockburn A, Welstead M, Luciano M, Russ TC, Muniz-Terrera G. Mechanisms of motoric cognitive risk-Hypotheses based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies of older adults. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2413-2427. [PMID: 35142038 PMCID: PMC10078717 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to refine the hypothesis that motoric cognitive risk (MCR), a syndrome combining measured slow gait speed and self-reported cognitive complaints, is prognostic of incident dementia and other major causes of morbidity in older age. We propose mechanisms on the relationship between motor and cognitive function and describe a roadmap to validate these hypotheses. We systematically searched major electronic databases from inception to August 2021 for original longitudinal cohort studies of adults aged ≥60 years that compared an MCR group to a non-MCR group with any health outcome. Fifteen cohorts were combined by meta-analysis. Participants with MCR were at an increased risk of cognitive impairment (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.76, 95% CI 1.49-2.08; I2 = 24.9%), dementia (aHR 2.12, 1.85-2.42; 33.1%), falls (adjusted Relative Risk 1.38, 1.15-1.66; 62.1%), and mortality (aHR 1.49, 1.16-1.91; 79.2%). The prognostic value of MCR is considerable and mechanisms underlying the syndrome are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donncha S Mullin
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Miles Welstead
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom C Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,NHS Lothian, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.,Lothian Birth Cohorts, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Saavedra J, Nascimento M, Liz MA, Cardoso I. Key brain cell interactions and contributions to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1036123. [PMID: 36523504 PMCID: PMC9745159 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1036123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, with the two major hallmarks being the deposition of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Additionally, early pathological events such as cerebrovascular alterations, a compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction, culminate in neuron loss and cognitive deficits. AD symptoms reflect a loss of neuronal circuit integrity in the brain; however, neurons do not operate in isolation. An exclusively neurocentric approach is insufficient to understand this disease, and the contribution of other brain cells including astrocytes, microglia, and vascular cells must be integrated in the context. The delicate balance of interactions between these cells, required for healthy brain function, is disrupted during disease. To design successful therapies, it is critical to understand the complex brain cellular connections in AD and the temporal sequence of their disturbance. In this review, we discuss the interactions between different brain cells, from physiological conditions to their pathological reactions in AD, and how this basic knowledge can be crucial for developing new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Saavedra
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Nascimento
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia A. Liz
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors in Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies: New Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123000. [PMID: 36551756 PMCID: PMC9775106 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are proteinopathies characterized by the accumulation of specific protein aggregates in the brain. Such misfolded protein aggregates can trigger modulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems and subsequently lead to chronic neuroinflammation that drives the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Since there is still no effective disease-modifying treatment, new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative proteinopathies have been sought. The endocannabinoid system, and in particular the cannabinoid CB2 receptors, have been extensively studied, due to their important role in neuroinflammation, especially in microglial cells. Several studies have shown promising effects of CB2 receptor activation on reducing protein aggregation-based pathology as well as on attenuating inflammation and several dementia-related symptoms. In this review, we discuss the available data on the role of CB2 receptors in neuroinflammation and the potential benefits and limitations of specific agonists of these receptors in the therapy of neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
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30
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Thomas AL, Lehn MA, Janssen EM, Hildeman DA, Chougnet CA. Naturally-aged microglia exhibit phagocytic dysfunction accompanied by gene expression changes reflective of underlying neurologic disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19471. [PMID: 36376530 PMCID: PMC9663419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated microglial dysfunction contributes to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Although several studies have shown age-related declines in the phagocytic capacity of myeloid cells, relatively few have examined phagocytosis of normally aged microglia. Furthermore, much of the existing data on aging microglial function have been generated in accelerated genetic models of Alzheimer's disease. Here we found that naturally aged microglia phagocytosed less Aβ over time. To gain a better understanding of such dysfunction, we assessed differences in gene expression between young and old microglia that either did or did not phagocytose Aβ. Young microglia had both phagocytic and neuronal maintenance signatures indicative of normal microglial responses, whereas, old microglia, regardless of phagocytic status, exhibit signs of broad dysfunction reflective of underlying neurologic disease states. We also found downregulation of many phagocytic receptors on old microglia, including TREM2, an Aβ phagocytic receptor. TREM2 protein expression was diminished in old microglia and loss of TREM2+ microglia was correlated with impaired Aβ uptake, suggesting a mechanism for phagocytic dysfunction in old microglia. Combined, our work reveals that normally aged microglia have broad changes in gene expression, including defects in Aβ phagocytosis that likely underlies the progression to neurologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maria A Lehn
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Edith M Janssen
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Immunobiology of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Claire A Chougnet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Immunobiology of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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31
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Xiong T, Wang X, Zha Y, Wang Y. Interleukin-33 regulates the functional state of microglia. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1012968. [PMID: 36439205 PMCID: PMC9684324 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1012968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the most prominent resident immune cells, exhibit multiple functional states beyond their immunomodulatory roles. Non-immune functions such as synaptic reorganization, removal of cellular debris, and deposition of abnormal substances are mediated by phagocytosis of normal or enhanced microglia. Activation or migration of microglia occurs when environmental cues are altered. In response to pathological factors, microglia change into various phenotypes, preventing or exacerbating tissue damage. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an important cytokine that regulates innate immunity, and microglia are thought to be its target cells. Here, we outline the role of IL-33 in the expression of microglial functions such as phagocytosis, migration, activation, and inflammatory responses. We focus on microglial properties and diverse functional states in health and disease, including the different effects of IL-33 perturbation on microglia in vivo and in vitro. We also highlight several well-established mechanisms of microglial function mediated by IL-33, which may be initiators and regulators of microglial function and require elucidation and expansion of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqing Xiong
- Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xingyi Wang
- Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zha
- Medical College, Institute of Translational Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yingge Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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32
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Aerqin Q, Wang ZT, Wu KM, He XY, Dong Q, Yu JT. Omics-based biomarkers discovery for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:585. [PMID: 36348101 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorders presenting with the pathological hallmarks of amyloid plaques and tau tangles. Over the past few years, great efforts have been made to explore reliable biomarkers of AD. High-throughput omics are a technology driven by multiple levels of unbiased data to detect the complex etiology of AD, and it provides us with new opportunities to better understand the pathophysiology of AD and thereby identify potential biomarkers. Through revealing the interaction networks between different molecular levels, the ultimate goal of multi-omics is to improve the diagnosis and treatment of AD. In this review, based on the current AD pathology and the current status of AD diagnostic biomarkers, we summarize how genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics are all conducing to the discovery of reliable AD biomarkers that could be developed and used in clinical AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaolifan Aerqin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zuo-Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai-Min Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Yu He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Jurcău MC, Andronie-Cioara FL, Jurcău A, Marcu F, Ţiț DM, Pașcalău N, Nistor-Cseppentö DC. The Link between Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation in the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Implications and Future Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2167. [PMID: 36358538 PMCID: PMC9686795 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, has increasing incidence, increasing mortality rates, and poses a huge burden on healthcare. None of the currently approved drugs for the treatment of AD influence disease progression. Many clinical trials aiming at inhibiting amyloid plaque formation, increasing amyloid beta clearance, or inhibiting neurofibrillary tangle pathology yielded inconclusive results or failed. Meanwhile, research has identified many interlinked vicious cascades implicating oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic neuroinflammation, and has pointed to novel therapeutic targets such as improving mitochondrial bioenergetics and quality control, diminishing oxidative stress, or modulating the neuroinflammatory pathways. Many novel molecules tested in vitro or in animal models have proven efficient, but their translation into clinic needs further research regarding appropriate doses, delivery routes, and possible side effects. Cell-based therapies and extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of messenger RNAs and microRNAs seem also promising strategies allowing to target specific signaling pathways, but need further research regarding the most appropriate harvesting and culture methods as well as control of the possible tumorigenic side effects. The rapidly developing area of nanotechnology could improve drug delivery and also be used in early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Anamaria Jurcău
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Florin Marcu
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Ţiț
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Pașcalău
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppentö
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Flores J, Fillion ML, LeBlanc AC. Caspase-1 inhibition improves cognition without significantly altering amyloid and inflammation in aged Alzheimer disease mice. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:864. [PMID: 36220815 PMCID: PMC9553979 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human genetic and animal model studies indicate that brain microglial inflammation is a primary driver of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer Disease (AD). Inflammasome-activated Caspase-1 (Casp1) is associated with both AD microglial inflammation and neuronal degeneration. In mice, Casp1 genetic ablation or VX-765 small molecule inhibition of Casp1 given at onset of cognitive deficits strongly supports the association between microglial inflammation and cognitive impairment. Here, VX-765 significantly improved episodic and spatial memory impairment eight months after the onset of cognitive impairment in aged AD mice with significant amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) accumulation and microglial inflammation. Unexpectedly, while cognitive improvement was associated with dendritic spine density and hippocampal synaptophysin level recovery, VX-765 only slightly decreased Aβ deposition and did not alter biochemically-measured Aβ levels. Furthermore, increased hippocampal Iba1+-microglia, GFAP+-astrocytes, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were unaltered by VX-765. These results support the hypothesis that neuronal degeneration, not Aβ or microglial inflammation, drives cognitive impairment in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Flores
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research at Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Marie-Lyne Fillion
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research at Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Andréa C. LeBlanc
- grid.414980.00000 0000 9401 2774Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research at Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
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Wu L, Cao T, Li S, Yuan Y, Zhang W, Huang L, Cai C, Fan L, Li L, Wang J, Liu T, Wang J. Long-term gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation improves the memory function of mice with Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:980636. [PMID: 36185476 PMCID: PMC9520626 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.980636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The main manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients and animal models is impaired memory function, characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition and impairment of gamma oscillations that play an important role in perception and cognitive function. The therapeutic effect of gamma band stimulation in AD mouse models has been reported recently. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is an emerging non-invasive intervention method, but at present, researchers have not completely understood the intervention effect of tACS. Thus, the intervention mechanism of tACS has not been fully elucidated, and the course of treatment in clinical selection also lacks theoretical support. Based on this issue, we investigated the effect of gamma frequency (40 Hz) tACS at different durations in a mouse model of AD. Materials and methods We placed stimulating electrodes on the skull surface of APP/PS1 and wild-type control mice (n = 30 and n = 5, respectively). Among them, 20 APP/PS1 mice were divided into 4 groups to receive 20 min 40 Hz tACS every day for 1–4 weeks. The other 10 APP/PS1 mice were equally divided into two groups to receive sham treatment and no treatment. No intervention was performed in the wild-type control mice. The short-term memory function of the mice was examined by the Y maze. Aβ levels and microglia in the hippocampus were measured by immunofluorescence. Spontaneous electroencephalogram gamma power was calculated by the average period method, and brain connectivity was examined by cross-frequency coupling. Results We found that the long-term treatment groups (21 and 28 days) had decreased hippocampal Aβ levels, increased electroencephalogram spontaneous gamma power, and ultimately improved short-term memory function. The treatment effect of the short-term treatment group (7 days) was not significant. Moreover, the treatment effect of the 14-day treatment group was weaker than that of the 21-day treatment group. Conclusion These results suggest that long-term gamma-frequency tACS is more effective in treating AD by reducing Aβ load and improving gamma oscillation than short-term gamma-frequency tACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sinan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liming Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Long Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tian Liu,
| | - Jue Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Health and Rehabilitation Science, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Health Care and Medical Devices, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neuro-informatics & Rehabilitation Engineering of Ministry of Civil Affairs, Xi’an, China
- Jue Wang,
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Haure-Mirande JV, Audrain M, Ehrlich ME, Gandy S. Microglial TYROBP/DAP12 in Alzheimer's disease: Transduction of physiological and pathological signals across TREM2. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:55. [PMID: 36002854 PMCID: PMC9404585 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00552-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TYROBP (also known as DAP12 or KARAP) is a transmembrane adaptor protein initially described as a receptor-activating subunit component of natural killer (NK) cells. TYROBP is expressed in numerous cell types, including peripheral blood monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts, but a key point of recent interest is related to the critical role played by TYROBP in the function of many receptors expressed on the plasma membrane of microglia. TYROBP is the downstream adaptor and putative signaling partner for several receptors implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), including SIRP1β, CD33, CR3, and TREM2. TYROBP has received much of its current notoriety because of its importance in brain homeostasis by signal transduction across those receptors. In this review, we provide an overview of evidence indicating that the biology of TYROBP extends beyond its interaction with these four ligand-binding ectodomain-intramembranous domain molecules. In addition to reviewing the structure and localization of TYROBP, we discuss our recent progress using mouse models of either cerebral amyloidosis or tauopathy that were engineered to be TYROBP-deficient or TYROBP-overexpressing. Remarkably, constitutively TYROBP-deficient mice provided a model of genetic resilience to either of the defining proteinopathies of AD. Learning behavior and synaptic electrophysiological function were preserved at normal physiological levels even in the face of robust cerebral amyloidosis (in APP/PSEN1;Tyrobp-/- mice) or tauopathy (in MAPTP301S;Tyrobp-/- mice). A fundamental underpinning of the functional synaptic dysfunction associated with each proteotype was an accumulation of complement C1q. TYROBP deficiency prevented C1q accumulation associated with either proteinopathy. Based on these data, we speculate that TYROBP plays a key role in the microglial sensome and the emergence of the disease-associated microglia (DAM) phenotype. TYROBP may also play a key role in the loss of markers of synaptic integrity (e.g., synaptophysin-like immunoreactivity) that has long been held to be the feature of human AD molecular neuropathology that most closely correlates with concurrent clinical cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mickael Audrain
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Michelle E. Ehrlich
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Psychiatry and the NIA-Designated Mount Sinai Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029 USA
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, New York, Bronx NY 10468 USA
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Galgani A, Vergallo A, Campese N, Lombardo F, Pavese N, Petrozzi L, LoGerfo A, Franzini M, Cecchetti D, Puglisi-Allegra S, Busceti CL, Siciliano G, Tognoni G, Baldacci F, Lista S, Hampel H, Fornai F, Giorgi FS. Biological determinants of blood-based cytokines in the Alzheimer's Disease clinical continuum. J Neurochem 2022; 163:40-52. [PMID: 35950445 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Converging translational and clinical research strongly indicates that altered immune and inflammatory homeostasis (neuroinflammation) plays a critical pathophysiological role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), across the clinical continuum. A dualistic role of neuroinflammation may account for a complex biological phenomenon, representing a potential pharmacological target. Emerging blood-based pathophysiological biomarkers, such as cytokines (Cyt) and interleukins (ILs) have been studied as indicators of neuroinflammation in AD. However, inconsistent results have been reported, probably due to lack of standardization of assays with methodological and analytical differences. We used machine-learning and a cross-validation-based statical workflow to explore and analyze the potential impact of key biological factors, such as age, sex, apolipoproteinE (APOE) genotype (the major genetic risk factor for late-onset AD) on Cyt. A set of Cyt was selected based on previous literature, and we investigated any potential association in a pooled cohort of cognitively healthy, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD-like dementia patients. We also performed explorative analyses to extrapolate preliminary clinical insights. We found a robust sex effect on IL12 and an APOE-related difference in IL10, with the latter being also related to the presence of advanced cognitive decline. IL1β was the variable most significantly associated with MCI-to-dementia conversion over a 2.5 year-clinical follow-up. Albeit preliminary, our data support further clinical research to understand whether plasma Cyt may represent reliable and non-invasive tools serving the investigation of neuroimmune and inflammatory dynamics in AD and to foster biomarker-guided pathway-based therapeutic approaches, within the precision medicine development framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Galgani
- Neurology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Vergallo
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - N Campese
- Neurology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Lombardo
- U.O.C. "Risonanza Magnetica Specialistica e Neuroradiologia", Fondazione "G. Monasterio"- National Research Council/Tuscany Region, Pisa, Italy
| | - N Pavese
- Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Institute of clinical Medicine, PET Centre, Aarhus University
| | - L Petrozzi
- Neurology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - A LoGerfo
- Neurology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Franzini
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Cecchetti
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - G Siciliano
- Neurology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Tognoni
- Neurology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Baldacci
- Neurology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Lista
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France.,Memory Resources and Research Center (CMRR), Neurology Department, Gui de Chauliac University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - H Hampel
- Sorbonne University, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - F Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - F S Giorgi
- Neurology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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38
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Stahr N, Galkina EV. Immune Response at the Crossroads of Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:870144. [PMID: 35872901 PMCID: PMC9298512 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.870144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are pathologies that are characterized by common signatures of vascular dysfunction and chronic inflammation that are accelerated with aging. Importantly, epidemiological studies report an independent interaction between AD and CVD and data suggest that chronic inflammation in CVD may accelerate AD development. Atherosclerosis affects most large to medium sized arteries including those supplying the cerebral circulation. Vascular dysfunction caused by atherosclerosis results in blood brain barrier breakdown, inflammation, an impaired clearance of amyloid-beta (Aβ), and finally ends with neurovascular dysfunction. Numerous data indicate that innate and adaptive immune responses shape atherogenesis and increasing evidence suggests an implication of the immune response in AD progression. Currently, mechanisms by which these two diseases are interconnected with each other are not well-defined. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the intertwined role of the immune response in atherosclerosis and AD and the implications of these findings for human health.
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Luo S, Dong X, Guo S, Wang Q, Dai X, Jiang Y, Zhu W, Zhou W, Song W. Regulation of the Human IL-10RB Gene Expression by Sp8 and Sp9. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1469-1485. [PMID: 35811529 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a classic anti-inflammatory cytokine that exerts its effects via the receptor complexes IL-10RA and IL-10RB. Loss of IL-10RB results in many diseases. Moreover, IL-10RB is closely associated with neuronal survival and synaptic formation. However, the regulation of IL-10RB gene expression remains elusive. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the expression of IL-10RB gene is increased in brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its transcriptional regulation. METHODS We examined the gene expression of AD patient brain from public database and detected the protein expression of AD model mouse brain by western blot. We constructed a variety of reporter gene plasmids with different lengths or mutation sites, tested the promoter activity and defined the functional region of the promoter with the luciferase reporter assay. The protein-DNA binding between transcription factors and the promoter was analyzed using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). RESULTS We found that the IL-10RB is elevated in the brain of AD patient and AD model mice. The minimal promoter of the IL-10RB gene is located in the -90 to +51 bp region (relative to the transcriptional start site) and is sufficient for high-level expression of the IL-10RB gene. Transcription factors Sp8 and Sp9 bind to the IL-10RB promoter in vitro. The overexpression or knockdown of Sp8 and Sp9 affected the IL-10RB promoter activity and its gene expression. CONCLUSION Our study functionally characterized the promoter of the IL-10RB gene and demonstrated that Sp8 and Sp9 regulated its expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangjun Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shipeng Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qunxian Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Dai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanshuang Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyi Zhu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihui Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihong Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and Kangning Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Merlo S, Caruso GI, Bonfili L, Spampinato SF, Costantino G, Eleuteri AM, Sortino MA. Microglial polarization differentially affects neuronal vulnerability to the β-amyloid protein: Modulation by melatonin. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115151. [PMID: 35750198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells play a central but yet debated role in neuroinflammatory events occurring in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We here explored how microglial features are modulated by melatonin following β-amyloid (Aβ42)-induced activation and examined the cross-talk with Aβ-challenged neuronal cells. Human microglial HMC3 cells were exposed to Aβ42 (200 nM) in the presence of melatonin (MEL; 1 μM) added since the beginning (MELco) or after a 72 h-exposure to Aβ42 (MELpost). In both conditions, MEL favored an anti-inflammatory activation and rescued SIRT1 and BDNF expression/release. Caspase-1 up-regulation and phospho-ERK induction following a prolonged exposure to Aβ42 were prevented by MEL. In addition, MEL partially restored proteasome functionality that was altered by long-term Aβ42 treatment, re-establishing both 20S and 26S chymotrypsin-like activity. Differentiated neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to Aβ42 (200 nM for 24 h) in basal medium or in the presence of conditioned medium (CM) collected from microglia exposed for different times to Aβ42 alone or in combination with MELco or MELpost. Aβ42 significantly reduced pre-synaptic proteins synaptophysin and VAMP2 and mean neuritic length. These effects were prevented by CM from anti-inflammatory microglia (Aβ42 for 6 h), or from MELco and MELpost microglia, but the reduction of neuritic length was not rescued when the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 was added. In conclusion, our data add to the concept that melatonin shows a promising anti-inflammatory action on microglia that is retained even after pro-inflammatory activation, involving modulation of proteasome function and translating into neuroprotective microglial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Merlo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Grazia Ilaria Caruso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Laura Bonfili
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Simona Federica Spampinato
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 13, Turin 10125, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Costantino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Eleuteri
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | - Maria Angela Sortino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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Webberley TS, Masetti G, Bevan RJ, Kerry-Smith J, Jack AA, Michael DR, Thomas S, Glymenaki M, Li J, McDonald JAK, John D, Morgan JE, Marchesi JR, Good MA, Plummer SF, Hughes TR. The Impact of Probiotic Supplementation on Cognitive, Pathological and Metabolic Markers in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:843105. [PMID: 35685773 PMCID: PMC9172594 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.843105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be exacerbated by aberrant metabolism. Supplementation with probiotic bacteria is emerging as a promising preventative strategy for both neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we assess the impact of the Lab4b probiotic consortium on (i) cognitive and pathological markers of AD progression and (ii) metabolic status in 3xTg-AD mice subjected to metabolic challenge with a high fat diet. The group receiving the probiotic performed better in the novel object recognition test and displayed higher hippocampal neuronal spine density than the control group at the end of the 12 weeks intervention period. These changes were accompanied by differences in localised (brain) and systemic anti-inflammatory responses that favoured the Probiotic group together with the prevention of diet induced weight gain and hypercholesterolaemia and the modulation of liver function. Compositional differences between the faecal microbiotas of the study groups included a lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and less numbers of viable yeast in the Probiotic group compared to the Control. The results illustrate the potential of the Lab4b probiotic as a neuroprotective agent and encourage further studies with human participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Webberley
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Cultech Ltd., Port Talbot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ryan J Bevan
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Glymenaki
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A K McDonald
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - James E Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Good
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy R Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Xu YJ, Au NPB, Ma CHE. Functional and Phenotypic Diversity of Microglia: Implication for Microglia-Based Therapies for Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:896852. [PMID: 35693341 PMCID: PMC9178186 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.896852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and is closely associated with the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Apart from Aβ and NFT pathologies, AD patients also exhibit a widespread microglial activation in various brain regions with elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a phenomenon known as neuroinflammation. In healthy central nervous system, microglia adopt ramified, “surveying” phenotype with compact cell bodies and elongated processes. In AD, the presence of pathogenic proteins such as extracellular Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau, induce the transformation of ramified microglia into amoeboid microglia. Ameboid microglia are highly phagocytic immune cells and actively secrete a cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. However, the phagocytic ability of microglia gradually declines with age, and thus the clearance of pathogenic proteins becomes highly ineffective, leading to the accumulation of Aβ plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the aging brain. The accumulation of pathogenic proteins further augments the neuroinflammatory responses and sustains the activation of microglia. The excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induces a massive loss of functional synapses and neurons, further worsening the disease condition of AD. More recently, the identification of a subset of microglia by transcriptomic studies, namely disease-associated microglia (DAM), the progressive transition from homeostatic microglia to DAM is TREM2-dependent and the homeostatic microglia gradually acquire the state of DAM during the disease progression of AD. Recent in-depth transcriptomic analysis identifies ApoE and Trem2 from microglia as the major risk factors for AD pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize current understandings of the functional roles of age-dependent microglial activation and neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of AD. To this end, the exponential growth in transcriptomic data provides a solid foundation for in silico drug screening and gains further insight into the development of microglia-based therapeutic interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ngan Pan Bennett Au
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chi Him Eddie Ma,
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Toppi E, Sireno L, Lembo M, Banaj N, Messina B, Golesorkhtafti S, Spalletta G, Bossù P. IL-33 and IL-10 Serum Levels Increase in MCI Patients Following Homotaurine Treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:813951. [PMID: 35515001 PMCID: PMC9061963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.813951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homotaurine is a potential therapeutic compound for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but its efficacy is still under investigation. Emerging data have shown that other than neuroprotective, homotaurine is endowed with anti-inflammatory activities, though with still unclear underlying mechanisms. Inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD and we previously suggested that homotaurine supplementation in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) plays beneficial effects associated to a decrease in the circulating levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-18. Here we report that MCI patients supplemented with homotaurine for 12 months show elevated serum levels of IL-10 and IL-33, as compared to baseline, in addition to the described IL-18 decrease. Furthermore, we observed a significant positive correlation between IL-10 and IL-33 levels after treatment but not at the baseline, underlining the effectiveness of the compound in modulating both cytokines in an inter-related fashion and in regulating the pro/anti-inflammation balance. Furthermore, the elevation of both IL-10 and IL-33 is significantly associated with an improvement of episodic memory of treated patients, as measured by the Delayed Verbal Ray Test. In conclusion, our results confirm that homotaurine treatment exerts an overall anti-inflammatory action in MCI patients, based not only on the down-regulation of pro-inflammatory IL-18, but also on up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory IL-33 and IL-10 cytokines, which in turn are associated with an amelioration of patient’s cognitive functions. Future studies should be addressed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of homotaurine anti-inflammatory activity and its therapeutic exploitation in early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Toppi
- Experimental Neuropsicobiology Lab, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Sireno
- Experimental Neuropsicobiology Lab, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Lembo
- Experimental Neuropsicobiology Lab, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Neuropsychiatry Lab, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Messina
- Experimental Neuropsicobiology Lab, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sedigheh Golesorkhtafti
- Experimental Neuropsicobiology Lab, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Lab, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuropsicobiology Lab, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Chronic IL-10 overproduction disrupts microglia-neuron dialogue similar to aging, resulting in impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:231-245. [PMID: 34990747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is an adult neurogenic niche where new neurons are continuously generated. A dramatic hippocampal neurogenesis decline occurs with increasing age, contributing to cognitive deficits. The process of neurogenesis is intimately regulated by the microenvironment, with inflammation being considered a strong negative factor for this process. Thus, we hypothesize that the reduction of new neurons in the aged brain could be attributed to the age-related microenvironmental changes towards a pro-inflammatory status. In this work, we evaluated whether an anti-inflammatory microenvironment could counteract the negative effect of age on promoting new hippocampal neurons. Surprisingly, our results show that transgenic animals chronically overexpressing IL-10 by astrocytes present a decreased hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood. This results from an impairment in the survival of neural newborn cells without differences in cell proliferation. In parallel, hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory processes were affected by IL-10 overproduction as assessed by the Morris water maze test. Microglial cells, which are key players in the neurogenesis process, presented a different phenotype in transgenic animals characterized by high activation together with alterations in receptors involved in neuronal communication, such as CD200R and CX3CR1. Interestingly, the changes described in adult transgenic animals were similar to those observed by the effect of normal aging. Thus, our data suggest that chronic IL-10 overproduction mimics the physiological age-related disruption of the microglia-neuron dialogue, resulting in hippocampal neurogenesis decrease and spatial memory impairment.
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Zarezadeh Mehrabadi A, Aghamohamadi N, Khoshmirsafa M, Aghamajidi A, Pilehforoshha M, Massoumi R, Falak R. The roles of interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein in certain inflammatory conditions. Immunology 2022; 166:38-46. [PMID: 35231129 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily proteins consisting of soluble and membranous isoforms. IL-1RAcP plays an essential role in the signaling of the IL-1 family cytokines such as IL-1, IL-33, and IL-36, as well as tyrosine kinases FLT3 and C-Kit. IL-1RAcP generally initiate inflammatory signaling pathway through the recruitment of signaling mediators, including MYD88 and IRAK. Chronic inflammation following prolonged signaling of cytokine receptors is a critical process in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory disorders, including autoimmunity, obesity, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, endometriosis, preeclampsia and Alzheimer's disease. Recently IL-1RAcP aberrant signaling has been considered to play a central role in the pathogenesis of these chronic inflammatory diseases. Targeting IL-1RAcP signaling pathway that was recently considered in clinical trials related to malignancies, also indicates its potential as therapeutic target for the inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes the molecular structure, components associated with IL-1RAcP signaling pathways, and their involvement in the pathogenesis of different inflammatory diseases. We will also discuss the effect of IL-1RAcP inhibition for treatment proposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zarezadeh Mehrabadi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Aghamohamadi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Khoshmirsafa
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Aghamajidi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pilehforoshha
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22381, Lund, Sweden
| | - Reza Falak
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Guha S, Paidi RK, Goswami S, Saha P, Biswas SC. ICAM-1 protects neurons against Amyloid-β and improves cognitive behaviors in 5xFAD mice by inhibiting NF-κB. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:194-210. [PMID: 34875346 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle formation due to tau hyperphosphorylation. It has been shown that astrocytes respond to these pathologies very early and exert either beneficial or deleterious effects towards neurons. Here, we identified soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) which is rapidly increased in astrocyte conditioned medium derived from Aβ1-42 treated cultured astrocytes (Aβ1-42-ACM). Aβ1-42-ACM was found to be neuroprotective, however, Aβ1-42-ACM deprived of ICAM-1 was unable to protect neurons against Aβ1-42 mediated toxicity. Moreover, exogenous ICAM-1 renders protection to neurons from Aβ1-42 induced death. It blocks Aβ1-42-mediated PARP cleavage and increases the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and decreases pro-apoptotic protein Bim. In an Aβ-infused rat model of AD and in 5xFAD mouse, intra-peritoneal administration of ICAM-1 revealed a reduction in Aβ load in hippocampal and cortical regions. Moreover, ICAM-1 treatment led to an increment in the expression of the Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin in 5xFAD mice. Finally, we found that ICAM-1 can ameliorate cognitive deficits in Aβ-infused rat and 5xFAD mouse. Interestingly, ICAM-1 could block the NF-κB upregulation by Aβ and inhibition of NF-κB recovers cognitive impairments in 5xFAD mice. Thus, our study finds a neuroprotective role of ICAM-1 and suggests that it can be a major candidate in cytokine-mediated therapy of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhalakshmi Guha
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar Paidi
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India; Current address: Department of Neurological Sciences, RUMC, 1735 West Harrison St, Suite Cohn 336, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Soumita Goswami
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Pampa Saha
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India; Current address: Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Subhas C Biswas
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700 032, India.
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Pons V, Rivest S. Targeting Systemic Innate Immune Cells as a Therapeutic Avenue for Alzheimer Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:1-17. [PMID: 34987086 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the first progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and the disease is characterized by an accumulation of amyloid in the brain and neurovasculature that triggers cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. The innate immune system has a preponderant role in AD. The last decade, scientists focused their efforts on therapies aiming to modulate innate immunity. The latter is of great interest, since they participate to the inflammation and phagocytose the amyloid in the brain and blood vessels. We and others have developed pharmacological approaches to stimulate these cells using various ligands. These include toll-like receptor 4, macrophage colony stimulating factor, and more recently nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing 2 receptors. This review will discuss the great potential to take advantage of the innate immune system to fight naturally against amyloid β accumulation and prevent its detrimental consequence on brain functions and its vascular system. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The focus on amyloid β removal from the perivascular space rather than targeting CNS plaque formation and clearance represents a new direction with a great potential. Small molecules able to act at the level of peripheral immunity would constitute a novel approach for tackling aberrant central nervous system biology, one of which we believe would have the potential of generating a lot of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pons
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boul., Québec City, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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48
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McFarland KN, Chakrabarty P. Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: a Key Player in the Transition Between Homeostasis and Pathogenesis. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:186-208. [PMID: 35286658 PMCID: PMC9130399 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune activation accompanies the development of proteinopathy in the brains of Alzheimer's dementia patients. Evolving from the long-held viewpoint that immune activation triggers the pathological trajectory in Alzheimer's disease, there is accumulating evidence now that microglial activation is neither pro-amyloidogenic nor just a simple reactive process to the proteinopathy. Preclinical studies highlight an interesting aspect of immunity, i.e., spurring immune system activity may be beneficial under certain circumstances. Indeed, a dynamic evolving relationship between different activation states of the immune system and its neuronal neighbors is thought to regulate overall brain organ health in both healthy aging and progression of Alzheimer's dementia. A new premise evolving from genome, transcriptome, and proteome data is that there might be at least two major phases of immune activation that accompany the pathological trajectory in Alzheimer's disease. Though activation on a chronic scale will certainly lead to neurodegeneration, this emerging knowledge of a potential beneficial aspect of immune activation allows us to form holistic insights into when, where, and how much immune system activity would need to be tuned to impact the Alzheimer's neurodegenerative cascade. Even with the trove of recently emerging -omics data from patients and preclinical models, how microglial phenotypes are functionally related to the transition of a healthy aging brain towards progressive degenerative state remains unknown. A deeper understanding of the synergism between microglial functional states and brain organ health could help us discover newer interventions and therapies that enable us to address the current paucity of disease-modifying therapies in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen N McFarland
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Cossu D, Ruberto S, Yokoyama K, Hattori N, Sechi LA. Efficacy of BCG vaccine in animal models of neurological disorders. Vaccine 2021; 40:432-436. [PMID: 34906393 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine can modulate the immune response via antigen-specific immune response, but also it can confer nonspecific protection and therapeutic benefits in several neurological conditions through different heterologous effects of vaccination. However, the precise mechanism of action of BCG remains unclear. In this review, different mechanisms underlying BCG-mediated immunity will be explained in animal models that reflects characteristic feature of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Furthermore, evidence for a beneficial effect of the BCG on neuropsychiatric disorders, will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Cossu
- University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Virology, Sassari 09100, Italy; Juntendo University, Department of Neurology, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan.
| | - Stefano Ruberto
- University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Virology, Sassari 09100, Italy
| | | | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Juntendo University, Department of Neurology, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan
| | - Leonardo A Sechi
- University of Sassari, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Microbiology and Virology, Sassari 09100, Italy; SC Microbiologia AOU Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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50
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Yoo TJ. Anti-Inflammatory Gene Therapy Improves Spatial Memory Performance in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 85:1001-1008. [PMID: 34897091 PMCID: PMC8925118 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in neurodegenerative processes involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, a gene-based immunotherapeutic method examined the effects of anti-inflammatory cellular immune response elements (CIREs) in the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) mouse model. Bi-monthly intramuscular administration, beginning at either 4 or 6 months, and examined at 7.5 through 16 months, with plasmids encoding Interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4, TGF-β polynucleotides, or a combination thereof, into AβPP mice improved spatial memory performance. This work demonstrates an efficient gene therapy strategy to downregulate neuroinflammation, and possibly prevent or delay cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai June Yoo
- Korea Allergy Clinic, KangNam Gu, Seoul, South Korea.,University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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