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Megha KB, Arathi A, Shikha S, Alka R, Ramya P, Mohanan PV. Significance of Melatonin in the Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Disease Management. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5541-5571. [PMID: 38206471 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin, the 'hormone of darkness' is a neuronal hormone secreted by the pineal gland and other extra pineal sites. Responsible for the circadian rhythm and seasonal behaviour of vertebrates and mammals, melatonin is responsible for regulating various physiological conditions and the maintenance of sleep, body weight and the neuronal activities of the ocular sites. With its unique amphiphilic structure, melatonin can cross the cellular barriers and elucidate its activities in the subcellular components, including mitochondria. Melatonin is a potential scavenger of oxygen and nitrogen-reactive species and can directly obliterate the ROS and RNS by a receptor-independent mechanism. It can also regulate the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in various pathological conditions and exhibit therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative, psychiatric disorders and cancer. Melatonin is also found to show its effects on major organs, particularly the brain, liver and heart, and also imparts a role in the modulation of the immune system. Thus, melatonin is a multifaceted candidate with immense therapeutic potential and is still considered an effective supplement on various therapies. This is primarily due to rectification of aberrant circadian rhythm by improvement of sleep quality associated with risk development of neurodegenerative, cognitive, cardiovascular and other metabolic disorders, thereby enhancing the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Megha
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - A Arathi
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India
| | - Saini Shikha
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Rao Alka
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prabhu Ramya
- P.G. Department of Biotechnology, Government Arts College, Trivandrum, 695 014, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum, 695 012, Kerala, India.
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2
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Abdelmissih S, Hosny SA, Elwi HM, Sayed WM, Eshra MA, Shaker OG, Samir NF. Chronic Caffeine Consumption, Alone or Combined with Agomelatine or Quetiapine, Reduces the Maximum EEG Peak, As Linked to Cortical Neurodegeneration, Ovarian Estrogen Receptor Alpha, and Melatonin Receptor 2. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06619-4. [PMID: 38842700 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Evidence of the effects of chronic caffeine (CAFF)-containing beverages, alone or in combination with agomelatine (AGO) or quetiapine (QUET), on electroencephalography (EEG), which is relevant to cognition, epileptogenesis, and ovarian function, remains lacking. Estrogenic, adenosinergic, and melatonergic signaling is possibly linked to the dynamics of these substances. OBJECTIVES The brain and ovarian effects of CAFF were compared with those of AGO + CAFF and QUET + CAFF. The implications of estrogenic, adenosinergic, and melatonergic signaling and the brain-ovarian crosstalk were investigated. METHODS Adult female rats were administered AGO (10 mg/kg), QUET (10 mg/kg), CAFF, AGO + CAFF, or QUET + CAFF, once daily for 8 weeks. EEG, estrous cycle progression, and microstructure of the brain and ovaries were examined. Brain and ovarian 17β-estradiol (E2), antimullerian hormone (AMH), estrogen receptor alpha (E2Rα), adenosine receptor 2A (A2AR), and melatonin receptor 2 (MT2R) were assessed. RESULTS CAFF, alone or combined with AGO or QUET, reduced the maximum EEG peak, which was positively linked to ovarian E2Rα, negatively correlated to cortical neurodegeneration and ovarian MT2R, and associated with cystic ovaries. A large corpus luteum emerged with AGO + CAFF and QUET + CAFF, antagonizing the CAFF-mediated increased ovarian A2AR and reduced cortical E2Rα. AGO + CAFF provoked TTP delay and increased ovarian AMH, while QUET + CAFF slowed source EEG frequency to δ range and increased brain E2. CONCLUSIONS CAFF treatment triggered brain and ovarian derangements partially antagonized with concurrent AGO or QUET administration but with no overt affection of estrus cycle progression. Estrogenic, adenosinergic, and melatonergic signaling and brain-ovarian crosstalk may explain these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherine Abdelmissih
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sara Adel Hosny
- Department of Medical Histology, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Elwi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Mohamed Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Eshra
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat Gamil Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy F Samir
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Kasr Al-Ainy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hibino S, Amiya N, Miyazaki Y, Nakano N, Yoneda M, Amano M, Yoshinaga T. Changes in Behavior and Diel Melatonin Secretion Toward Estivation in Western Sand Lance, Ammodytes japonicus (Uranoscopiformes, Ammodytidae). Zoolog Sci 2024; 41:245-250. [PMID: 38809862 DOI: 10.2108/zs230105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Western sand lance, Ammodytes japonicus, is known to have an estivation period, in which they cease feeding and stay in the sand from early summer to late autumn, followed by gonadal maturation. During the feeding period prior to estivation, they swim in daytime and spend the night in the sand. Before they start swimming, they show a typical behavior of head-exposing from the sand, which is likely to be related to foraging and predation avoidance. Our previous study revealed that melatonin regulates such diel behavior of this species. To elucidate the mechanisms of behavioral regulation throughout the life cycle of this sand lance, the present study examined the changes in behavior and melatonin secretion toward the estivation period. Both head-exposing and swimming behaviors were frequently observed at the transition period toward estivation. On the other hand, occurrence of these behaviors was suppressed just before entering estivation. Subsequently, it was found that plasma melatonin concentration was about three times higher at night than in daytime in the non-estivation period, while it was retained at high levels throughout the day in the estivation period. These results indicate that diurnal swimming behavior of sand lance from the feeding to estivation periods is associated with the daily cycle of melatonin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuha Hibino
- Graduate School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Noriko Amiya
- Graduate School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan,
| | - Yoshiya Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Nayu Nakano
- Graduate School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Michio Yoneda
- Hakatajima Field Station, National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Ehime 794-2305, Japan
| | - Masafumi Amano
- Graduate School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Yoshinaga
- Graduate School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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Zhao H, Zhang T, Zhang H, Wang Y, Cheng L. Exercise-with-melatonin therapy improves sleep disorder and motor dysfunction in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1336-1343. [PMID: 37905883 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202406000-00038/inline-graphic1/v/2023-10-30T152229Z/r/image-tiff
Exercise-with-melatonin therapy has complementary and synergistic effects on spinal cord injury and Alzheimer’s disease, but its effect on stroke is still poorly understood. In this study, we established a rat model of ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes. We treated the rats with exercise and melatonin therapy for 7 consecutive days. Results showed that exercise-with-melatonin therapy significantly prolonged sleep duration in the model rats, increased delta power values, and regularized delta power rhythm. Additionally, exercise-with-melatonin therapy improved coordination, endurance, and grip strength, as well as learning and memory abilities. At the same time, it led to higher hippocampal CA1 neuron activity and postsynaptic density thickness and lower expression of glutamate receptor 2 than did exercise or melatonin therapy alone. These findings suggest that exercise-with-melatonin therapy can alleviate sleep disorder and motor dysfunction by increasing glutamate receptor 2 protein expression and regulating hippocampal CA1 synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Zhao
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
- Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yunlei Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lingna Cheng
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Beijing Bo'ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Brain Injury Repair and Rehabilitation, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing, China
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Norman H, Munson A, Cortese D, Koeck B, Killen SS. The interplay between sleep and ecophysiology, behaviour and responses to environmental change in fish. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247138. [PMID: 38860399 PMCID: PMC11213526 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Evidence of behavioural sleep has been observed in every animal species studied to date, but current knowledge of the behaviour, neurophysiology and ecophysiology associated with sleep is concentrated on mammals and birds. Fish are a hugely diverse group that can offer novel insights into a variety of sleep-related behaviours across environments, but the ecophysiological relevance of sleep in fish has been largely overlooked. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature to assess the current breadth of knowledge on fish sleep, and surveyed the diverse physiological effects and behaviours associated with sleep. We also discuss possible ways in which unstudied external factors may alter sleep behaviours. For example, predation risk may alter sleep patterns, as has been shown in mammalian, avian and reptilian species. Other environmental factors - such as water temperature and oxygen availability - have the potential to alter sleep patterns in fish differently than for terrestrial endotherms. Understanding the ecological influences on sleep in fish is vital, as sleep deprivation has the potential to affect waking behaviour and fitness owing to cognitive and physiological impairments, possibly affecting ecological phenomena and sensitivity to environmental stressors in ways that have not been considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Norman
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Amelia Munson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Daphne Cortese
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Barbara Koeck
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Shaun S. Killen
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Terzi A, Ngo KJ, Mourrain P. Phylogenetic conservation of the interdependent homeostatic relationship of sleep regulation and redox metabolism. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:241-252. [PMID: 38324048 PMCID: PMC11233307 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is an essential and evolutionarily conserved process that affects many biological functions that are also strongly regulated by cellular metabolism. The interdependence between sleep homeostasis and redox metabolism, in particular, is such that sleep deprivation causes redox metabolic imbalances in the form of over-production of ROS. Likewise (and vice versa), accumulation of ROS leads to greater sleep pressure. Thus, it is theorized that one of the functions of sleep is to act as the brain's "antioxidant" at night by clearing oxidation built up from daily stress of the active day phase. In this review, we will highlight evidence linking sleep homeostasis and regulation to redox metabolism by discussing (1) the bipartite role that sleep-wake neuropeptides and hormones have in redox metabolism through comparing cross-species cellular and molecular mechanisms, (2) the evolutionarily metabolic changes that accompanied the development of sleep loss in cavefish, and finally, (3) some of the challenges of uncovering the cellular mechanism underpinning how ROS accumulation builds sleep pressure and cellularly, how this pressure is cleared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Terzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Keri J Ngo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Mourrain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- INSERM 1024, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
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Ding H, Chen XC, Wan L, Zhang YY, Rui XH, He T, Liu J, Shang ZB. Klebsiella pneumoniae alters zebrafish circadian rhythm via inflammatory pathways and is dependent on light cues. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30829. [PMID: 38770281 PMCID: PMC11103479 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing severe infections. The circadian rhythm is the internal rhythm mechanism of an organism and plays an important role in coping with changes in the 24-h circadian rhythm. Disruption of the circadian rhythm can lead to immune, behavioral, mental, and other related disorders. Whether K. pneumoniae can disrupt the circadian rhythm after infection remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044 infection on biological rhythm and inflammation in zebrafish using behavioral assays, quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, neutrophil and macrophage transgenic fish, and drug treatment. The results showed that K. pneumoniae infection decreased the motor activity of zebrafish and reduced the circadian rhythm amplitude, phase, and period. The expression of core circadian rhythm-associated genes increased under light-dark conditions, whereas they were downregulated under continuous darkness. Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae-mediated inflammation using Tg(mpx:EGFP) and Tg(mpeg:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish, expressing fluorescent neutrophils and macrophages, respectively, showed increased induction of inflammatory cells, upregulated expression of inflammatory factor genes, and stronger inflammatory responses under light-dark conditions. These effects were reversed by the anti-inflammatory drug G6PDi-1, and the expression of clock genes following K. pneumoniae treatment was disrupted. We determined the relationship among K. pneumoniae, inflammation, and the circadian rhythm, providing a theoretical reference for studying circadian rhythm disorders caused by inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214005, China
| | - Xiao-chun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, 225411, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Ying-ying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214005, China
| | - Xiao-hong Rui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214005, China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214005, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Wuxi Fifth Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214005, China
| | - Zhong-bo Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuxi Huishan District People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214000, China
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Zhao Y, Wang L, Liu S, Pu Y, Sun K, Xiao Y, Feng J. Adaptive Evolution of the Greater Horseshoe Bat AANAT: Insights into the Link between AANAT and Hibernation Rhythms. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1426. [PMID: 38791644 PMCID: PMC11117286 DOI: 10.3390/ani14101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is a crucial rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of melatonin. AANAT has been confirmed to be independently duplicated and inactivated in different animal taxa in order to adapt to the environment. However, the evolutionary forces associated with having a single copy of AANAT remain unclear. The greater horseshoe bat has a single copy of AANAT but exhibits different hibernation rhythms in various populations. We analyzed the adaptive evolution at the gene and protein levels of AANAT from three distinct genetic lineages in China: northeast (NE), central east (CE), and southwest (SW). The results revealed greater genetic diversity in the AANAT loci of the NE and CE lineage populations that have longer hibernation times, and there were two positive selection loci. The catalytic capacity of AANAT in the Liaoning population that underwent positive selection was significantly higher than that of the Yunnan population (p < 0.05). This difference may be related to the lower proportion of α helix and the variation in two interface residues. The adaptive evolution of AANAT was significantly correlated with climate and environment (p < 0.05). After controlling for geographical factors (latitude and altitude), the evolution of AANAT by the negative temperature factor was represented by the monthly mean temperature (r = -0.6, p < 0.05). The results identified the gene level variation, functional adaptation, and evolutionary driving factors of AANAT, provide an important foundation for further understanding the adaptive evolution of the single copy of AANAT in pteropods, and may offer evidence for adaptive hibernation rhythms in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Water Conservancy & Environment Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Sen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;
| | - Yingting Pu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Keping Sun
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Xiao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.F.)
| | - Jiang Feng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.F.)
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Suppermpool A, Lyons DG, Broom E, Rihel J. Sleep pressure modulates single-neuron synapse number in zebrafish. Nature 2024; 629:639-645. [PMID: 38693264 PMCID: PMC11096099 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a nearly universal behaviour with unclear functions1. The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis proposes that sleep is required to renormalize the increases in synaptic number and strength that occur during wakefulness2. Some studies examining either large neuronal populations3 or small patches of dendrites4 have found evidence consistent with the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis, but whether sleep merely functions as a permissive state or actively promotes synaptic downregulation at the scale of whole neurons is unclear. Here, by repeatedly imaging all excitatory synapses on single neurons across sleep-wake states of zebrafish larvae, we show that synapses are gained during periods of wake (either spontaneous or forced) and lost during sleep in a neuron-subtype-dependent manner. However, synapse loss is greatest during sleep associated with high sleep pressure after prolonged wakefulness, and lowest in the latter half of an undisrupted night. Conversely, sleep induced pharmacologically during periods of low sleep pressure is insufficient to trigger synapse loss unless adenosine levels are boosted while noradrenergic tone is inhibited. We conclude that sleep-dependent synapse loss is regulated by sleep pressure at the level of the single neuron and that not all sleep periods are equally capable of fulfilling the functions of synaptic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Suppermpool
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Ear Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Declan G Lyons
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Broom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
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Bitsikas V, Cubizolles F, Schier AF. A vertebrate family without a functional Hypocretin/Orexin arousal system. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1532-1540.e4. [PMID: 38490200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The Hypocretin/Orexin signaling pathway suppresses sleep and promotes arousal, whereas the loss of Hypocretin/Orexin results in narcolepsy, including the involuntary loss of muscle tone (cataplexy).1 Here, we show that the South Asian fish species Chromobotia macracanthus exhibits a sleep-like state during which individuals stop swimming and rest on their side. Strikingly, we discovered that the Hypocretin/Orexin system is pseudogenized in C. macracanthus, but in contrast to Hypocretin-deficient mammals, C. macracanthus does not suffer from sudden behavioral arrests. Similarly, zebrafish mutations in hypocretin/orexin show no evident signs of cataplectic-like episodes. Notably, four additional species in the Botiidae family also lack a functional Hypocretin/Orexin system. These findings identify the first vertebrate family that does not rely on a functional Hypocretin/Orexin system for the regulation of sleep and arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Bitsikas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Cubizolles
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander F Schier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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McPartland M, Stevens S, Bartosova Z, Vardeberg IG, Völker J, Wagner M. Beyond the Nucleus: Plastic Chemicals Activate G Protein-Coupled Receptors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4872-4883. [PMID: 38440973 PMCID: PMC10956435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are central mediators of cell signaling and physiological function. Despite their biological significance, GPCRs have not been widely studied in the field of toxicology. Herein, we investigated these receptors as novel targets of plastic chemicals using a high-throughput drug screening assay with 126 human non-olfactory GPCRs. In a first-pass screen, we tested the activity of triphenol phosphate, bisphenol A, and diethyl phthalate, as well as three real-world mixtures of chemicals extracted from plastic food packaging covering all major polymer types. We found 11 GPCR-chemical interactions, of which the chemical mixtures exhibited the most robust activity at adenosine receptor 1 (ADORA1) and melatonin receptor 1 (MTNR1A). We further confirm that polyvinyl chloride and polyurethane products contain ADORA1 or MTNRA1 agonists using a confirmatory secondary screen and pharmacological knockdown experiments. Finally, an analysis of the associated gene ontology terms suggests that ADORA1 and MTNR1A activation may be linked to downstream effects on circadian and metabolic processes. This work highlights that signaling disruption caused by plastic chemicals is broader than that previously believed and demonstrates the relevance of nongenomic pathways, which have, thus far, remained unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly McPartland
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Sarah Stevens
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Zdenka Bartosova
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Ingrid Gisnås Vardeberg
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | | | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim 7491, Norway
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Pavlyshyn H, Sarapuk I, Kozak K. Peculiarities of melatonin levels in preterm infants. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2024; 136:146-153. [PMID: 36434409 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02109-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin plays an important role in organism functioning, child growth, and development. Of particular importance is melatonin for preterm infants. The aim of our research was to study the peculiarities of melatonin levels depending on various factors in preterm infants with gestational age (GA) of less than 34 weeks. METHODS The study involved 104 preterm infants with GA less than 34 weeks who were treated in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The level of melatonin in urine samples was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Melatonin concentration was significantly lower in extremely and very preterm infants compared to moderate preterm (3.57 [2.10; 5.06] ng/ml vs. 4.96 [3.20; 8.42] ng/ml, p = 0.007) and was positively correlated with GA (Spearman r = 0.32; p < 0.001). Positive correlations were revealed between melatonin levels and Apgar scores at the 1st (Spearman r = 0.31; p = 0.001) and 5th minutes after birth (Spearman r = 0.35; p < 0.001). Melatonin levels were lower in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (p = 0.011). No significant correlations were found between melatonin concentration and birth weight (Spearman r = 0.15; p = 0.130). There were no associations of melatonin concentrations and mode of delivery (p = 0.914), the incidence of early-onset sepsis (p = 0.370) and intraventricular hemorrhages (p = 0.501), and mechanical ventilation (p = 0.090). The results of multiple regression showed that gestational age at birth was the most significant predictor of melatonin level in preterm infants (B = 0.507; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Gestational age and the Apgar score were associated with decreased melatonin levels in preterm infants. The level of melatonin in extremely and very preterm infants was lower compared to moderate preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna Pavlyshyn
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 1 Maydan Voli, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sarapuk
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 1 Maydan Voli, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Kateryna Kozak
- I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 1 Maydan Voli, 46001, Ternopil, Ukraine
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Jia X, Song Y, Li Z, Yang N, Liu T, Han D, Sun Z, Shi C, Zhou Y, Shi J, Liu Y, Guo X. Melatonin regulates the circadian rhythm to ameliorate postoperative sleep disorder and neurobehavioral abnormalities in aged mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14436. [PMID: 37736695 PMCID: PMC10916446 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative sleep disorder (PSD) and delirium, which may be associated with surgery and inhalational anesthetics, induce adverse effects in old adults. Emerging evidence indicates that circadian rhythm contributes to various neuropathological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Thus, we analyzed the potential role of circadian rhythm in PSD and delirium-like behavior in aged mice and determined whether exogenous melatonin could facilitate entrainment of the circadian rhythm after laparotomy under sevoflurane anesthesia. METHODS We selected old C57BL/6J mice which receiving laparotomy/sevoflurane anesthesia as model animals. We employed buried food, open field, and Y maze test to assess delirium-like behavior, and electroencephalography/electromyography (EEG/EMG) were used to investigate sleep changes. We analyzed the transcription rhythm of clock genes in superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to explore the effects of surgery and melatonin pretreatment on the circadian rhythm. Then, we measured melatonin receptor levels in SCN and ERK/CREB pathway-related proteins in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex to assess their role in PSDs and delirium-like behavior. RESULTS Laparotomy under sevoflurane anesthesia had a greater influence than sevoflurane alone, leading to sleep disorder, a shift in sleep-wake rhythm, and delirium-like behavior. Bmal1, Clock, and Cry1 mRNA expression showed a peak shift, MT1 melatonin receptor expression level was increased in the SCN, and p-ERK/ERK and p-CREB/CREB were decreased in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of aged mice 1 day after laparotomy. Melatonin showed significant efficacy in ameliorating PSD and delirium-like behavior and restoring the circadian rhythm, reversing melatonin receptor and ERK/CREB pathway expression abnormalities. In addition, most of the beneficial effect of melatonin was antagonized by luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Melatonin receptors in SCN, circadian rhythm, and ERK/CREB signaling pathway participate in the pathophysiological processes of PSD and delirium-like behavior. Melatonin intervention could be a potential preventative approach for PSD and delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Jia
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yanan Song
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhengqian Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Taotao Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dengyang Han
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Zhuonan Sun
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Chengmei Shi
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jie Shi
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug DependencePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yajie Liu
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- Department of AnesthesiologyPeking University Third HospitalBeijingChina
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Ye Z, Wei Y, Zhang G, Ge L, Wu C, Ren Y, Wang J, Xu X, Yang J, Wang T. Circadian rhythm regulation in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: Insights into clock gene expression, photoperiod susceptibility, and neurohormone signaling. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110930. [PMID: 38065309 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus displays the typical circadian rhythms. This present study investigated the molecular regulation of clock genes, as well as monoamines and melatonin, in multiple tissues of A. japonicus, responding to the photoperiod. In order to determine their pivotal role in circadian rhythms, the crucial clock genes, namely AjClock, AjArnt1, AjCry1, and AjTimeless, were identified and a comprehensive analysis of their expressions across various tissues in adult A. japonicus was conducted, revealing the potential existence of central and peripheral oscillators. Results demonstrated that the tissues of polian vesicle and nerve ring exhibited significant clock gene expression associated with the orchestration of circadian regulation, and that environmental light fluctuations exerted influence on the expression of these clock genes. However, a number of genes, such as AjArnt1 and AjCry1, maintained their circadian rhythmicity even under continuous light conditions. Moreover, we further investigated the circadian patterns of melatonin (MT), serotonin (5-HT), and dopamine (DA) secretion in A. japonicus, data that underscored the tissue-specific regulatory differences and the inherent adaptability to dynamic light environments. Collectively, these findings will provide the molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm in echinoderms and the candidate tissues playing the role of central oscillators in sea cucumbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbo Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifei Ge
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenqian Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jixiu Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianming Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Marine Germplasm Resources Exploration and Utilization, Marine Science College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Hagemeister M, Hamilton L, Wandrey N, Hill M, Mounce E, Mosel N, Lytle K, Redinger M, Boley J, Fancher N, Haynes A, Fill I, Cole PA, Hill E, Moxley MA, Thomas AA. Evaluation of Rhodanine Indolinones as AANAT Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300567. [PMID: 37984928 PMCID: PMC10843758 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm (CR) dysregulation negatively impacts health and contributes to mental disorders. The role of melatonin, a hormone intricately linked to CR, is still a subject of active study. The enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is responsible for melatonin synthesis, and it is a potential target for disorders that involve abnormally high melatonin levels, such as seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Current AANAT inhibitors suffer from poor cell permeability, selectivity, and/or potency. To address the latter, we have employed an X-ray crystal-based model to guide the modification of a previously described AANAT inhibitor, containing a rhodanine-indolinone core. We made various structural modifications to the core structure, including testing the importance of a carboxylic acid group thought to bind in the CoA site, and we evaluated these changes using MD simulations in conjunction with enzymatic assay data. Additionally, we tested three AANAT inhibitors in a zebrafish locomotion model to determine their effects in vivo. Key discoveries were that potency could be modestly improved by replacing a 5-carbon alkyl chain with rings and that the central rhodanine ring could be replaced by other heterocycles and maintain potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Hagemeister
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Luke Hamilton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Nicole Wandrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Mackinzi Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Emery Mounce
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Noah Mosel
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Katie Lytle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Makenna Redinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Jake Boley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Nathan Fancher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Alexis Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Ianna Fill
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Evan Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Michael A Moxley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Allen A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
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16
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Godino-Gimeno A, Leal E, Chivite M, Tormos E, Rotllant J, Vallone D, Foulkes NS, Míguez JM, Cerdá-Reverter JM. Role of melanocortin system in the locomotor activity rhythms and melatonin secretion as revealed by agouti-signalling protein (asip1) overexpression in zebrafish. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12939. [PMID: 38241679 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Temporal signals such as light and temperature cycles profoundly modulate animal physiology and behaviour. Via endogenous timing mechanisms which are regulated by these signals, organisms can anticipate cyclic environmental changes and thereby enhance their fitness. The pineal gland in fish, through the secretion of melatonin, appears to play a critical role in the circadian system, most likely acting as an element of the circadian clock system. An important output of this circadian clock is the locomotor activity circadian rhythm which is adapted to the photoperiod and thus determines whether animals are diurnal or nocturnal. By using a genetically modified zebrafish strain known as Tg (Xla.Eef1a1:Cau.asip1)iim04, which expresses a higher level of the agouti signalling protein 1 (Asip1), an endogenous antagonist of the melanocortin system, we observed a complete disruption of locomotor activity patterns, which correlates with the ablation of the melatonin daily rhythm. Consistent with this, in vitro experiments also demonstrated that Asip1 inhibits melatonin secretion from the zebrafish pineal gland, most likely through the melanocortin receptors expressed in this gland. Asip1 overexpression also disrupted the expression of core clock genes, including per1a and clock1a, thus blunting circadian oscillation. Collectively, these results implicate the melanocortin system as playing an important role in modulating pineal physiology and, therefore, circadian organisation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Godino-Gimeno
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Fish Neurobehaviour Lab, Castellon, Spain
| | - Esther Leal
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Fish Neurobehaviour Lab, Castellon, Spain
| | - Mauro Chivite
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Tormos
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Fish Neurobehaviour Lab, Castellon, Spain
| | - Josep Rotllant
- Department of Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, IIM-CSIC, Vigo, Spain
| | - Daniela Vallone
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Department of Physiological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nicholas S Foulkes
- Institute of Biological and Chemical Systems-Biological Information Processing (IBCS-BIP), Department of Physiological Information Processing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jesús M Míguez
- Laboratorio de Fisioloxía Animal, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía and Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jose Miguel Cerdá-Reverter
- Department of Fish Physiology and Biotechnology, Instituto de Acuicultura de Torre de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, Fish Neurobehaviour Lab, Castellon, Spain
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17
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Lamiré LA, Haesemeyer M, Engert F, Granato M, Randlett O. Functional and pharmacological analyses of visual habituation learning in larval zebrafish. eLife 2023; 12:RP84926. [PMID: 38108818 PMCID: PMC10727501 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Habituation allows animals to learn to ignore persistent but inconsequential stimuli. Despite being the most basic form of learning, a consensus model on the underlying mechanisms has yet to emerge. To probe relevant mechanisms, we took advantage of a visual habituation paradigm in larval zebrafish, where larvae reduce their reactions to abrupt global dimming (a dark flash). We used Ca2+ imaging during repeated dark flashes and identified 12 functional classes of neurons that differ based on their rate of adaptation, stimulus response shape, and anatomical location. While most classes of neurons depressed their responses to repeated stimuli, we identified populations that did not adapt or that potentiated their response. These neurons were distributed across brain areas, consistent with a distributed learning process. Using a small-molecule screening approach, we confirmed that habituation manifests from multiple distinct molecular mechanisms, and we have implicated molecular pathways in habituation, including melatonin, oestrogen, and GABA signalling. However, by combining anatomical analyses and pharmacological manipulations with Ca2+ imaging, we failed to identify a simple relationship between pharmacology, altered activity patterns, and habituation behaviour. Collectively, our work indicates that habituation occurs via a complex and distributed plasticity processes that cannot be captured by a simple model. Therefore, untangling the mechanisms of habituation will likely require dedicated approaches aimed at sub-component mechanisms underlying this multidimensional learning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Anne Lamiré
- Laboratoire MeLiS, UCBL - CNRS UMR5284 - Inserm U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
| | - Martin Haesemeyer
- The Ohio State University, Department of NeuroscienceColumbusUnited States
| | - Florian Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Center for Brain Science, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Owen Randlett
- Laboratoire MeLiS, UCBL - CNRS UMR5284 - Inserm U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, Faculté de Médecine et de PharmacieLyonFrance
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18
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Amiya N, Matsuda E, Miyazaki Y, Nakano N, Kataoka M, Yamaji T, Amano M, Yoshinaga T. Circadian Rhythm and Endocrinological Control on the Swimming and Sand Burrowing Behaviors of Japanese Sand Lances Ammodytes spp. (Uranoscopiformes, Ammodytidae). Zoolog Sci 2023; 40:423-430. [PMID: 38064368 DOI: 10.2108/zs230053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In diurnal and nocturnal organisms, daily activity is regulated by the perception of environmental stimuli and circadian rhythms, which enable organisms to maintain their essential behaviors. The Japanese sand lances genus Ammodytes are coastal marine fish that exhibit unique nocturnal sand burrowing behavior. To elucidate the extrinsic and intrinsic regulation of this behavior and its endocrinological basis, we conducted a series of rearing experiments under various light conditions and hormone administrations. Under a light-dark photoperiod, the fish showed three types of behavior: sand buried, head-exposed from sand, and swimming/feeding. During the transition from dark to light periods, the fish first showed head exposure, followed by swimming and foraging, and buried themselves in the sand immediately after shifting to the dark period. Under constant light conditions, fish exhibited swimming behavior during the period corresponding to the acclimated light period. In addition, swimming did not occur under constant dark conditions but head exposure was observed at the time of the dark-light transition during acclimation. These observations indicate that the essential behavior of sand lances is regulated by both light and circadian rhythms. Subsequently, a melatonin-containing diet promoted the onset of burrowing in 10 to 120 min in a dose-dependent manner at 0.3-128 µg/g-diet, suggesting the direct behavioral regulation by this hormone. These findings suggest that the behavior of sand lances is strictly regulated by an intrinsic mechanism and that melatonin is a regulatory endocrine factor that induces burrowing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Amiya
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan,
| | - Eri Matsuda
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Miyazaki
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Nayu Nakano
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masaki Kataoka
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Taichi Yamaji
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masafumi Amano
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Yoshinaga
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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Kim SJ, Lee JH, Jang JW, Lee SH, Suh IB, Jhoo JH. Effect of Personalized Blue-Enriched White Light Intervention on Rest-Activity and Light Exposure Rhythms in Mild and Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. Psychiatry Investig 2023; 20:1007-1017. [PMID: 37997328 PMCID: PMC10678145 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the effectiveness of personalized light intervention using a blue-enriched light-emitting-diodes device on rest-activity rhythm (RAR) and light exposure rhythm (LER) in patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS AD patients with poor sleep quality and/or insomnia symptoms were assigned into either an experimental group (EG) or control group (CG) in a single-blind design. Personalized light intervention was given at 9-10 h after individual dim light melatonin onset, lasting for 1 h every day for two weeks in the EG (77.36±5.79 years, n=14) and CG (78.10±7.98 years, n=10). Each patient of CG wore blue-attenuating sunglasses during the intervention. Actigraphy recording at home for 5 days was done at baseline (T0), immediate postintervention (T1), and at four weeks after intervention (T2). The variables of RAR and LER were derived using nonparametric analysis. RESULTS We found a significant time effect on the intradaily variability (IV) of RAR at T2 with respect to T0 (p=0.039), indicating reduced IV of RAR at four weeks after personalized light intervention regardless of blue-enriched light intervention. There was a time effect on the IV of LER at T1 with respect to T0 (p=0.052), indicating a reduced tendency in the IV of LER immediately after intervention. CONCLUSION Our personalized light intervention, regardless of blue-enriched light source, could be useful in alleviating fragmentation of RAR and LER in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Jae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chosun University Hospital, Chosun University College of Medicine, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hie Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gwanggyo Good Sleep Clinic, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Jang
- Department of Neurology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Silverheals Hospital, Namyangju, Republic of Korea
| | - In Bum Suh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyeong Jhoo
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Barlow IL, Mackay E, Wheater E, Goel A, Lim S, Zimmerman S, Woods I, Prober DA, Rihel J. The zebrafish mutant dreammist implicates sodium homeostasis in sleep regulation. eLife 2023; 12:RP87521. [PMID: 37548652 PMCID: PMC10406431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a nearly universal feature of animal behaviour, yet many of the molecular, genetic, and neuronal substrates that orchestrate sleep/wake transitions lie undiscovered. Employing a viral insertion sleep screen in larval zebrafish, we identified a novel gene, dreammist (dmist), whose loss results in behavioural hyperactivity and reduced sleep at night. The neuronally expressed dmist gene is conserved across vertebrates and encodes a small single-pass transmembrane protein that is structurally similar to the Na+,K+-ATPase regulator, FXYD1/Phospholemman. Disruption of either fxyd1 or atp1a3a, a Na+,K+-ATPase alpha-3 subunit associated with several heritable movement disorders in humans, led to decreased night-time sleep. Since atpa1a3a and dmist mutants have elevated intracellular Na+ levels and non-additive effects on sleep amount at night, we propose that Dmist-dependent enhancement of Na+ pump function modulates neuronal excitability to maintain normal sleep behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida L Barlow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Eirinn Mackay
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily Wheater
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Aimee Goel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sumi Lim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Steve Zimmerman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | | | - David A Prober
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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21
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Kopeć K, Szleszkowski S, Koziorowski D, Szlufik S. Glymphatic System and Mitochondrial Dysfunction as Two Crucial Players in Pathophysiology of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10366. [PMID: 37373513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a complex problem affecting millions of people around the world. The pathogenesis is not fully understood, but it is known that both insufficiency of the glymphatic system and mitochondrial disorders affect the development of pathology. It appears that these are not just two independent factors that coexist in the processes of neurodegeneration, but that they often interact and drive each other. Bioenergetics disturbances are potentially associated with the accumulation of protein aggregates and impaired glymphatic clearance. Furthermore, sleep disorders characteristic of neurodegeneration may impair the work of both the glymphatic system and the activity of mitochondria. Melatonin may be one of the elements linking sleep disorders with the function of these systems. Moreover, noteworthy in this context is the process of neuroinflammation inextricably linked to mitochondria and its impact not only on neurons, but also on glia cells involved in glymphatic clearance. This review only presents possible direct and indirect connections between the glymphatic system and mitochondria in the process of neurodegeneration. Clarifying the connection between these two areas in relation to neurodegeneration could lead to the development of new multidirectional therapies, which, due to the complexity of pathogenesis, seems to be worth considering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kopeć
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Szleszkowski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Koziorowski
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanislaw Szlufik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Di Raimo R, Mizzoni D, Spada M, Dolo V, Fais S, Logozzi M. Oral Treatment with Plant-Derived Exosomes Restores Redox Balance in H 2O 2-Treated Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1169. [PMID: 37371899 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived exosomes (PDEs) are receiving much attention as a natural source of antioxidants. Previous research has shown that PDEs contain a series of bioactives and that their content varies depending on the fruit or vegetable source. It has also been shown that fruits and vegetables derived from organic agriculture produce more exosomes, are safer, free of toxic substances, and contain more bioactives. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of orally administered mixes of PDE (Exocomplex®) to restore the physiological conditions of mice treated for two weeks with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), compared with mice left untreated after the period of H2O2 administration and mice that received only water during the experimental period. The results showed that Exocomplex® had a high antioxidant capacity and contained a series of bioactives, including Catalase, Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Ascorbic Acid, Melatonin, Phenolic compounds, and ATP. The oral administration of Exocomplex® to the H2O2-treated mice re-established redox balance with reduced serum levels of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but also a general recovery of the homeostatic condition at the organ level, supporting the future use of PDE for health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d'Abruzzo, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- ExoLab Italia, Tecnopolo d'Abruzzo, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Massimo Spada
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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23
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Shan J, Song Y, Wang Y, Fan P, Lu B, Luo J, Xu W, Jing L, Mo F, Hu R, Luo Y, Mao G, Wang Y, Cai X. Highly Activated Neuronal Firings Monitored by Implantable Microelectrode Array in the Paraventricular Thalamus of Insomnia Rats. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4629. [PMID: 37430543 DOI: 10.3390/s23104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Insomnia is a common sleep disorder around the world, which is harmful to people's health, daily life, and work. The paraventricular thalamus (PVT) plays an essential role in the sleep-wake transition. However, high temporal-spatial resolution microdevice technology is lacking for accurate detection and regulation of deep brain nuclei. The means for analyzing sleep-wake mechanisms and treating sleep disorders are limited. To detect the relationship between the PVT and insomnia, we designed and fabricated a special microelectrode array (MEA) to record electrophysiological signals of the PVT for insomnia and control rats. Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) were modified onto an MEA, which caused the impedance to decrease and improved the signal-to-noise ratio. We established the model of insomnia in rats and analyzed and compared the neural signals in detail before and after insomnia. In insomnia, the spike firing rate was increased from 5.48 ± 0.28 spike/s to 7.39 ± 0.65 spike/s, and the power of local field potential (LFP) decreased in the delta frequency band and increased in the beta frequency band. Furthermore, the synchronicity between PVT neurons declined, and burst-like firing was observed. Our study found neurons of the PVT were more activated in the insomnia state than in the control state. It also provided an effective MEA to detect the deep brain signals at the cellular level, which conformed with macroscopical LFP and insomnia symptoms. These results laid the foundation for studying PVT and the sleep-wake mechanism and were also helpful for treating sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yilin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Penghui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Botao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinping Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Luyi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruilin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Gang Mao
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xinxia Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Dickerson AL, Hall ML, Jones TM. Effects of variation in natural and artificial light at night on acoustic communication: a review and prospectus. Anim Behav 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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25
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Chronic Administration of Melatonin: Physiological and Clinical Considerations. Neurol Int 2023; 15:518-533. [PMID: 36976674 PMCID: PMC10053496 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exogenous melatonin is commonly used to treat insomnia, other sleep problems, and numerous medical illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease, autism spectrum disorder, and mild cognitive impairment in adults and children. There is evolving information regarding issues with the use of chronic melatonin. Methods: The present investigation was a narrative review. Results: Melatonin usage has risen dramatically in recent years. Many countries only allow melatonin prescriptions. In the United States (U.S.), it is classified as a dietary supplement accessible over the counter and can be derived from animals, microorganisms, or, most commonly, made synthetically. No regulatory agency oversees its manufacturing or sale in the U.S. melatonin concentration of marketed preparations varies widely between product labels and manufacturers. Melatonin’s ability to induce sleep is detectable. However, it is modest for most people. Sleep length appears to be less important in sustained-release preparations. The optimal dosage is unknown, and routinely used amounts vary substantially. Melatonin’s short-term negative effects are minimal, resolve at medicine cessation, and do not usually prevent usage overall. Much research on long-term melatonin administration has found no difference between exogenous melatonin and placebo in terms of long-term negative effects. Conclusion: Melatonin at low to moderate dosages (approximately 5–6 mg daily or less) appears safe. Long-term usage appears to benefit certain patient populations, such as those with autism spectrum disorder. Studies investigating potential benefits in reducing cognitive decline and increased longevity are ongoing. However, it is widely agreed that the long-term effects of taking exogenous melatonin have been insufficiently studied and warrant additional investigation.
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26
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Meléndez-Fernández OH, Liu JA, Nelson RJ. Circadian Rhythms Disrupted by Light at Night and Mistimed Food Intake Alter Hormonal Rhythms and Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3392. [PMID: 36834801 PMCID: PMC9963929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Availability of artificial light and light-emitting devices have altered human temporal life, allowing 24-hour healthcare, commerce and production, and expanding social life around the clock. However, physiology and behavior that evolved in the context of 24 h solar days are frequently perturbed by exposure to artificial light at night. This is particularly salient in the context of circadian rhythms, the result of endogenous biological clocks with a rhythm of ~24 h. Circadian rhythms govern the temporal features of physiology and behavior, and are set to precisely 24 h primarily by exposure to light during the solar day, though other factors, such as the timing of meals, can also affect circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms are significantly affected by night shift work because of exposure to nocturnal light, electronic devices, and shifts in the timing of meals. Night shift workers are at increased risk for metabolic disorder, as well as several types of cancer. Others who are exposed to artificial light at night or late mealtimes also show disrupted circadian rhythms and increased metabolic and cardiac disorders. It is imperative to understand how disrupted circadian rhythms alter metabolic function to develop strategies to mitigate their negative effects. In this review, we provide an introduction to circadian rhythms, physiological regulation of homeostasis by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and SCN-mediated hormones that display circadian rhythms, including melatonin and glucocorticoids. Next, we discuss circadian-gated physiological processes including sleep and food intake, followed by types of disrupted circadian rhythms and how modern lighting disrupts molecular clock rhythms. Lastly, we identify how disruptions to hormones and metabolism can increase susceptibility to metabolic syndrome and risk for cardiovascular diseases, and discuss various strategies to mitigate the harmful consequences associated with disrupted circadian rhythms on human health.
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27
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Grao-Cruces E, Calvo JR, Maldonado-Aibar MD, Millan-Linares MDC, Montserrat-de la Paz S. Mediterranean Diet and Melatonin: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:264. [PMID: 36829823 PMCID: PMC9951922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has beneficial effects on human health, which is evidenced by the observation of lower incidence rates of chronic diseases in Mediterranean countries. The MD dietary pattern is rich in antioxidants, such as melatonin, which is a hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland and controls several circadian rhythms. Additionally, melatonin is found in foods, such as fruit and vegetables. The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the melatonin content in Mediterranean foods and to evaluate the influence of the MD on melatonin levels in both humans and model organisms. A comprehensive search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) and data were extracted. A total of 31 records were chosen. MD-related foods, such as tomatoes, olive oil, red wine, beer, nuts, and vegetables, showed high melatonin contents. The consumption of specific MD foods increases melatonin levels and improves the antioxidant status in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Avenida Sanchez Pizjuan s/n, 41009 Seville, Spain
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28
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Hirayama J, Hattori A, Takahashi A, Furusawa Y, Tabuchi Y, Shibata M, Nagamatsu A, Yano S, Maruyama Y, Matsubara H, Sekiguchi T, Suzuki N. Physiological consequences of space flight, including abnormal bone metabolism, space radiation injury, and circadian clock dysregulation: Implications of melatonin use and regulation as a countermeasure. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12834. [PMID: 36203395 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to the space environment induces a number of pathophysiological outcomes in astronauts, including bone demineralization, sleep disorders, circadian clock dysregulation, cardiovascular and metabolic dysfunction, and reduced immune system function. A recent report describing experiments aboard the Space Shuttle mission, STS-132, showed that the level of melatonin, a hormone that provides the biochemical signal of darkness, was decreased during microgravity in an in vitro culture model. Additionally, abnormal lighting conditions in outer space, such as low light intensity in orbital spacecraft and the altered 24-h light-dark cycles, may result in the dysregulation of melatonin rhythms and the misalignment of the circadian clock from sleep and work schedules in astronauts. Studies on Earth have demonstrated that melatonin regulates various physiological functions including bone metabolism. These data suggest that the abnormal regulation of melatonin in outer space may contribute to pathophysiological conditions of astronauts. In addition, experiments with high-linear energy transfer radiation, a ground-based model of space radiation, showed that melatonin may serve as a protectant against space radiation. Gene expression profiling using an in vitro culture model exposed to space flight during the STS-132 mission, showed that space radiation alters the expression of DNA repair and oxidative stress response genes, indicating that melatonin counteracts the expression of these genes responsive to space radiation to promote cell survival. These findings implicate the use of exogenous melatonin and the regulation of endogenous melatonin as countermeasures for the physiological consequences of space flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences & Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Sustainable Systems Science, Komatsu University, Komatsu, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hattori
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Japan
| | | | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tabuchi
- Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Japan
| | | | - Sachiko Yano
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Maruyama
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsubara
- Noto Center for Fisheries Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshio Sekiguchi
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Japan
| | - Nobuo Suzuki
- Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Noto-cho, Japan
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29
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Cruz-Sanabria F, Carmassi C, Bruno S, Bazzani A, Carli M, Scarselli M, Faraguna U. Melatonin as a Chronobiotic with Sleep-promoting Properties. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:951-987. [PMID: 35176989 PMCID: PMC10227911 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220217152617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of exogenous melatonin (exo-MEL) as a sleep-promoting drug has been under extensive debate due to the lack of consistency of its described effects. In this study, we conduct a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature on the chronobiotic, sleep-inducing, and overall sleep-promoting properties of exo-MEL. To this aim, we first describe the possible pharmacological mechanisms involved in the sleep-promoting properties and then report the corresponding effects of exo-MEL administration on clinical outcomes in: a) healthy subjects, b) circadian rhythm sleep disorders, c) primary insomnia. Timing of administration and doses of exo-MEL received particular attention in this work. The exo-MEL pharmacological effects are hereby interpreted in view of changes in the physiological properties and rhythmicity of endogenous melatonin. Finally, we discuss some translational implications for the personalized use of exo-MEL in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francy Cruz-Sanabria
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Claudia Carmassi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Simone Bruno
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Andrea Bazzani
- Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa – Italy
| | - Marco Carli
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Marco Scarselli
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
| | - Ugo Faraguna
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, Pisa - Italy
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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30
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Abstract
The analogy of mitochondria as powerhouses has expired. Mitochondria are living, dynamic, maternally inherited, energy-transforming, biosynthetic, and signaling organelles that actively transduce biological information. We argue that mitochondria are the processor of the cell, and together with the nucleus and other organelles they constitute the mitochondrial information processing system (MIPS). In a three-step process, mitochondria (1) sense and respond to both endogenous and environmental inputs through morphological and functional remodeling; (2) integrate information through dynamic, network-based physical interactions and diffusion mechanisms; and (3) produce output signals that tune the functions of other organelles and systemically regulate physiology. This input-to-output transformation allows mitochondria to transduce metabolic, biochemical, neuroendocrine, and other local or systemic signals that enhance organismal adaptation. An explicit focus on mitochondrial signal transduction emphasizes the role of communication in mitochondrial biology. This framework also opens new avenues to understand how mitochondria mediate inter-organ processes underlying human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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31
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Gabinet NM, Portnov BA. Investigating the combined effect of ALAN and noise on sleep by simultaneous real-time monitoring using low-cost smartphone devices. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113941. [PMID: 35931188 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The association between artificial light at night (ALAN) and noise, on the one hand, and sleep, on the other, is well established. Yet studies investigating these associations have been infrequent and mostly conducted in controlled laboratory conditions. As a result, little is known about the applicability of their results to real-world settings. In this paper, we attempt to bridge this knowledge gap by carrying out an individual-level real-world study, involving 72 volunteers from different urban localities in Israel. The survey participants were asked to use their personal smartphones and smartwatches to monitor sleep patterns for 30 consecutive days, while ALAN and noise exposures were monitored in parallel, with inputs reported each second. The volunteers were also asked to fill in a questionnaire about their individual attributes, daily habits, room settings, and personal health, to serve as individual-level controls. Upon cointegration, the assembled data were co-analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistical tools. As the study reveals, the effect of ALAN and noise on sleep largely depends on when the exposure occurred, that is, before sleep or during sleep. In particular, the effect of ALAN exposure was found to be most pronounced if it occurred before sleep, while exposure to noise mattered most if it occurred during the sleep phase. As the study also reveals, the effects of ALAN and noise appear to amplify each other, with a 14-15.3% reduction in sleep duration and an 8-9% reduction in sleep efficiency observed at high levels of ALAN-noise exposures. The study helped to assemble a massive amount of real-time observations, enabling a robust individual-level analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahum M Gabinet
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
| | - Boris A Portnov
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel.
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32
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Immunity, Infection, and the Zebrafish Clock. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0058821. [PMID: 35972269 PMCID: PMC9476956 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00588-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are universally used to coordinate biological processes with the Earth's 24-h solar day and are critical for the health and environmental success of an organism. Circadian rhythms in eukaryotes are driven by a cell-intrinsic transcription-translation feedback loop that controls daily oscillations in gene expression which regulate diverse physiological functions. Substantial evidence now exists demonstrating that immune activation and inflammatory responses during infection are under circadian control, however, the cellular mechanisms responsible for this are not well understood. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism to study vertebrate circadian biology and immune function. Zebrafish contain homologs of mammalian circadian clock genes which, to our current knowledge, function similarly to impart timekeeping ability. Consistent with studies in mammalian models, several studies in fish have now demonstrated a bidirectional relationship between the circadian clock and inflammation: the circadian clock regulates immune activity, and inflammation can alter circadian rhythms. This review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the zebrafish clock and the bi-directional relationship between the circadian clock and inflammation in fish.
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33
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Kaur T, Shih HC, Huang AC, Shyu BC. Modulation of melatonin to the thalamic lesion-induced pain and comorbid sleep disturbance in the animal model of the central post-stroke hemorrhage. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069221127180. [PMID: 36065903 PMCID: PMC9483952 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221127180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastating chronic central post stroke pain is associated with variety of
comorbidities. Disrupted sleep is a severe comorbidity, causing an increase in
the suicide rate, due to CPSP’s pain symptom. Melatonin is a well-known jet-lag
compound, which helps in entrainment of sleep cycle. Accordingly, whether
melatonin as a therapeutic measurement for the regulation of sleep disturbance
related to central post stroke pain remains unclear. Exogenous melatonin
administration entrained the disrupted 24 h circadian cycle, more effectively
after 2 and 3 week of administration. The effect of melatonin was persisted on
4th week too, when melatonin administration was discontinued. Also, melatonin
ameliorated the pain due to distorted sleep-activity behavior after melatonin
administration for 3 weeks. The low levels of melatonin in blood plasma due to
CPSP were restored after 3 weeks of melatonin administration. After 30 mg/kg
melatonin administrations for 3 weeks, all the disrupted resting and activity
behaviors were reduced during light and dark periods. The results suggested that
melatonin significantly ameliorated CPSP’s pain symptoms and comorbid sleep
disturbance showing in activity behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavleen Kaur
- Neuroscience71563Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica
| | | | | | - Bai Chuang Shyu
- Neuroscience71563Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica
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34
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Ge L, Luo J, Zhang L, Kang X, Zhang D. Association of Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate with Sleep-Related Problems in a General Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173516. [PMID: 36079774 PMCID: PMC9460331 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence on the relationship of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) with sleep-related problems is limited and controversial. Notably, there is a lack of studies on the general population and studies of the dose–response relationship. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the associations between serum PLP concentration and sleep-related problems (sleep quality and sleep duration) in adults, using the data of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2010. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to test PLP in blood samples. Sleep quality and sleep duration were based on self-reported data, with sleep quality categorized as sleep disorder, trouble falling asleep, waking up during the night, and daytime sleepiness. The primary analyses utilized logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline. Compared with the first quartile (Q1), the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of daytime sleepiness for the Q2 and Q3 of serum PLP concentrations were 0.76 (0.59–0.99) and 0.78 (0.62–0.98), respectively. The relationship was only significant for males. Furthermore, a non-linear dose–response relationship was observed between serum PLP concentration and the risk of daytime sleepiness. Compared with the normal sleep duration group, serum PLP concentrations were negatively associated with the risks of very short, short, and long sleep duration, with relative risk ratios (RRRs) of 0.58 (0.43–0.81) (Q4), 0.71 (0.61–0.83) (Q4) and 0.62 (0.34–0.94) (Q3), respectively. The average serum PLP concentrations were higher in people with normal sleep duration, suggesting a non-linear dose–response relationship. Our study indicated that serum PLP concentrations were negatively associated with daytime sleepiness, and this association may only exist in males. Moreover, it was also inversely related to abnormal sleep duration (very short, short, long) compared to normal sleep duration.
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Smeltzer EA, Stead SM, Li MF, Samson D, Kumpan LT, Teichroeb JA. Social sleepers: The effects of social status on sleep in terrestrial mammals. Horm Behav 2022; 143:105181. [PMID: 35594742 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2022.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Social status among group-living mammals can impact access to resources, such as water, food, social support, and mating opportunities, and this differential access to resources can have fitness consequences. Here, we propose that an animal's social status impacts their access to sleep opportunities, as social status may predict when an animal sleeps, where they sleep, who they sleep with, and how well they sleep. Our review of terrestrial mammals examines how sleep architecture and intensity may be impacted by (1) sleeping conditions and (2) the social experience during wakefulness. Sleeping positions vary in thermoregulatory properties, protection from predators, and exposure to parasites. Thus, if dominant individuals have priority of access to sleeping positions, they may benefit from higher quality sleeping conditions and, in turn, better sleep. With respect to waking experiences, we discuss the impacts of stress on sleep, as it has been established that specific social statuses can be characterized by stress-related physiological profiles. While much research has focused on how dominance hierarchies impact access to resources like food and mating opportunities, differential access to sleep opportunities among mammals has been largely ignored despite its potential fitness consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Smeltzer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - S M Stead
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - M F Li
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, 19 Russell St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S2, Canada
| | - D Samson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd., Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - L T Kumpan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - J A Teichroeb
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
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Wei ML, He SM, Chen AQ, Fan ZX, Liu W, Zhang L, Lv SJ, Qiu CZ, Liu HR, Hao MX, Yin ZJ, Ren DL. Fluoxetine modifies circadian rhythm by reducing melatonin content in zebrafish. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113268. [PMID: 35777221 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), increases the serotonin levels in the brain to treat depression. Antidepressants have been demonstrated to modulate circadian rhythm, but the underlying mechanisms by which antidepressants regulate circadian rhythm require more research. This study aimed to investigate the role of FLX on circadian rhythm by analyzing the movement behavior and internal circadian oscillations in zebrafish. The results showed that the expression of clock genes clock1a and bmal1b was significantly down-regulated, and the amplitude reduction and phase shift were observed after FLX treatment. Furthermore, FLX exposure inhibited the expression of aanat2, which led to a decrease in nocturnal melatonin secretion. aanat2-/- larvae showed disrupted circadian rhythm. These findings may help reveal the effect of FLX exposure on the circadian rhythm and locomotor activity. It may provide theoretical data for the clinical application of FLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; School of Life Science, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, China
| | - Shi-Min He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - An-Qi Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Fan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shi-Jie Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Cheng-Zeng Qiu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hui-Ru Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mu-Xian Hao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zong-Jun Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Da-Long Ren
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Local Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resource Conservation and Bio-breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Effects of Extreme Light Cycle and Density on Melatonin, Appetite, and Energy Metabolism of the Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11070965. [PMID: 36101346 PMCID: PMC9312178 DOI: 10.3390/biology11070965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Constant darkness and constant light exposure often disturb the circadian rhythm in the behavior and energy metabolism of vertebrates. Melatonin is known as the hormonal mediator of photoperiodic information to the central nervous system and plays a key role in food intake and energy balance regulation in vertebrates. The popularly cultured soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis has been reported to grow better under constant darkness; however, the underlying physiological mechanism by which darkness benefits turtle growth is not clear yet. We hypothesized that increased melatonin levels induced by darkness would increase appetite and energy metabolism and thus promote growth in P. sinensis. In addition, in order to elucidate the interaction of photoperiod and density, juvenile turtles were treated under three photoperiods (light/dark cycle: 24L:0D, 12L:12D, 0L:24D, light density 900 lux) and two stocking densities (high density: 38.10 ind./m2, low density: 6.35 ind./m2) for 4 weeks, and then the blood and brain tissues of turtles were collected during the day (11:00–13:00) and at night (23:00–1:00) after 2 days of fasting. We examined changes in plasma melatonin levels, food intake (FI), and appetite-related hormones (plasma ghrelin and leptin), as well as growth and energy metabolism parameters such as specific growth rate (SGR), standard metabolic rate (SMR), plasma growth hormone (GH), and thyroid hormone/enzyme activity (plasma triiodothyronine T3, thyroxine T4, and T45′-deiodinase activity). Moreover, we also assessed the responses of mRNA expression levels of food intake-related genes (kisspeptin 1 (Kiss1); cocaine amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART); neuropeptide Y (NPY)) in the brain. The results showed that under high density, SGR was the lowest in 24L:0D and the highest in 0L:24D. FI was the highest in 0L:24D regardless of density. Plasma melatonin was the highest in 0L:24D under high density at night. SMR increased with decreasing light time regardless of density. Most expressions of the measured appetite-related genes (Kiss1, CART, and NPY) were not affected by photoperiod, nor were the related hormone levels, such as plasma leptin, ghrelin, and GH. However, thyroid hormones were clearly affected by photoperiod. T3 level in 0L:24D under high density during the day was the highest among all treatment groups. T4 in 24L:0D under high density during the day and T45′-deiodinase activity in 24L:0D under low density at night were significantly reduced compared with the control. Furthermore, the energy metabolism-related hormone levels were higher under higher density, especially during the day. Together, melatonin secretion is not only modulated by light but also likely to be regulated by unknown endogenous factors and density. Altered plasma melatonin induced by constant darkness and density seems to be involved in the modulation of energy metabolism rather than appetite in the soft-shelled turtle.
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Abstract
Behavioral states naturally alternate between wakefulness and the sleep phases rapid eye movement and nonrapid eye movement sleep. Waking and sleep states are complex processes that are elegantly orchestrated by spatially fine-tuned neurochemical changes of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators including glutamate, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, hypocretin, melanin concentrating hormone, adenosine, and melatonin. However, as highlighted in this brief overview, no single neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, but rather their complex interactions within organized neuronal ensembles, regulate waking and sleep states. The neurochemical pathways presented here are aimed to provide a conceptual framework for the understanding of the effects of currently used sleep medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian C Holst
- Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel 4070, Switzerland.
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland; Zürich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research (ZiS), University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Dekens MPS, Fontinha BM, Gallach M, Pflügler S, Tessmar‐Raible K. Melanopsin elevates locomotor activity during the wake state of the diurnal zebrafish. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e51528. [PMID: 35233929 PMCID: PMC9066073 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian and fish pineals play a key role in adapting behaviour to the ambient light conditions through the release of melatonin. In mice, light inhibits nocturnal locomotor activity via the non‐visual photoreceptor Melanopsin. In contrast to the extensively studied function of Melanopsin in the indirect regulation of the rodent pineal, its role in the intrinsically photosensitive zebrafish pineal has not been elucidated. Therefore, it is not evident if the light signalling mechanism is conserved between distant vertebrates, and how Melanopsin could affect diurnal behaviour. A double knockout of melanopsins (opn4.1‐opn4xb) was generated in the diurnal zebrafish, which manifests attenuated locomotor activity during the wake state. Transcriptome sequencing gave insight into pathways downstream of Melanopsin, implying that sustained repression of the melatonin pathway is required to elevate locomotor activity during the diurnal wake state. Moreover, we show that light induces locomotor activity during the diurnal wake state in an intensity‐dependent manner. These observations suggest a common Melanopsin‐driven mechanism between zebrafish and mammals, while the diurnal and nocturnal chronotypes are inversely regulated downstream of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus P S Dekens
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Molecular Biology University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Bruno M Fontinha
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Molecular Biology University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Miguel Gallach
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Molecular Biology University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Integrative Bioinformatics University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sandra Pflügler
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Molecular Biology University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Kristin Tessmar‐Raible
- Max Perutz Laboratory Centre for Molecular Biology University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Research Platform “Marine Rhythms of Life” University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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Carstensen MB, Medvetzky A, Weinberger A, Driever W, Gothilf Y, Rath MF. Genetic ablation of the Bsx homeodomain transcription factor in zebrafish: Impact on mature pineal gland morphology and circadian behavior. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12795. [PMID: 35249239 PMCID: PMC9285933 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland is a neuroendocrine structure in the brain, which produces and secretes the hormone melatonin at nighttime and is considered a key element in the circadian clock system. Early morphogenesis of the gland is controlled by a number of transcription factors, some of which remain active in adult life. One of these is the brain-specific homeobox (Bsx), a highly conserved homeodomain transcription factor with a developmental role in the pineal gland of several species, including zebrafish, and regulatory roles in mature pinealocytes of the rat. To determine the role of Bsx in circadian biology, we here examined the effects of a bsx loss-of-function mutation on the pineal gland in adult zebrafish and on behavioral circadian rhythms in larvae. In pineal cell type-specific Gfp/Egfp reporter zebrafish lines, we did not detect fluorescence signals in the pineal area of homozygous (bsx-/- ) mutants. Interestingly, a nonpigmented area on the dorsal surface of the head above the gland, known as the pineal window, was pigmented in the homozygous mutants. Furthermore, a structure corresponding to the pineal gland was not detectable in the midline of the adult brain in histological sections analyzed by Nissl staining and S-antigen immunohistochemistry. Moreover, the levels of pineal transcripts were greatly reduced in bsx-/- mutants, as revealed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Notably, analysis of locomotor activity at the larval stage revealed altered circadian rhythmicity in the bsx mutants with periods and phases similar to wildtype, but severely reduced amplitudes in locomotor activity patterns. Thus, Bsx is essential for full development of the pineal gland, with its absence resulting in a phenotype of morphological pineal gland ablation and disrupted circadian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bloss Carstensen
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Adar Medvetzky
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Alon Weinberger
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Wolfgang Driever
- Developmental Biology, Institute Biology, Faculty of BiologyAlbert Ludwig University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Yoav Gothilf
- School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Sagol School of NeuroscienceTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Martin Fredensborg Rath
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Tran S, Prober DA. Validation of Candidate Sleep Disorder Risk Genes Using Zebrafish. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:873520. [PMID: 35465097 PMCID: PMC9021570 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.873520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders and chronic sleep disturbances are common and are associated with cardio-metabolic diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders. Several genetic pathways and neuronal mechanisms that regulate sleep have been described in animal models, but the genes underlying human sleep variation and sleep disorders are largely unknown. Identifying these genes is essential in order to develop effective therapies for sleep disorders and their associated comorbidities. To address this unmet health problem, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous genetic variants associated with human sleep traits and sleep disorders. However, in most cases, it is unclear which gene is responsible for a sleep phenotype that is associated with a genetic variant. As a result, it is necessary to experimentally validate candidate genes identified by GWAS using an animal model. Rodents are ill-suited for this endeavor due to their poor amenability to high-throughput sleep assays and the high costs associated with generating, maintaining, and testing large numbers of mutant lines. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), an alternative vertebrate model for studying sleep, allows for the rapid and cost-effective generation of mutant lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Numerous zebrafish mutant lines can then be tested in parallel using high-throughput behavioral assays to identify genes whose loss affects sleep. This process identifies a gene associated with each GWAS hit that is likely responsible for the human sleep phenotype. This strategy is a powerful complement to GWAS approaches and holds great promise to identify the genetic basis for common human sleep disorders.
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The Effect of Bergamot Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Improving Depressive Mood and Sleep Quality in Postpartum Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. THE JOURNAL OF NURSING RESEARCH : JNR 2022; 30:e201. [PMID: 34690334 DOI: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The postpartum period is a physiologically and psychologically crucial transition phase for every woman who gives birth. Aromatherapy may improve mood and alleviate sleep challenges. However, few randomized controlled clinical trials have focused on the effect of aromatherapy in postpartum women. PURPOSE This study was designed to explore the effect of a bergamot essential oil aromatherapy intervention on depressive mood and sleep quality in postpartum women. METHODS This randomized controlled trial used consecutive sampling. The participants were all women in a postpartum care center in eastern Taiwan and were randomly assigned to either the experimental (n = 29) or control (n = 31) group. Bergamot essential oil aroma was used in the experimental group, and pure water aroma was used in the control group. The experimental and control interventions were both performed while the participants were residents at the postpartum care center in the afternoon for 15 minutes each day. Before the aroma intervention, pretests were conducted using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Postpartum Sleep Quality Scale. The first and second posttests were conducted using the same two scales at 2 and 4 weeks after the intervention, respectively. RESULTS At both the first and second posttests, depressive mood was significantly lower (p < .001) in the experimental group than in the control group, supporting the positive effect of the bergamot essential oil aroma intervention on depressive mood in postpartum women. No significant intergroup difference in sleep quality (p > .05) was observed at either the first or second posttest, indicating an uncertain effect of the bergamot essential oil aroma intervention on sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The results of this study support the effectiveness of bergamot essential oil aromatherapy in alleviating depressive mood in postpartum women. In addition, the results provide a practical reference for clinical postpartum nursing care.
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D’Agostino Y, Frigato E, Noviello TM, Toni M, Frabetti F, Cigliano L, Ceccarelli M, Sordino P, Cerulo L, Bertolucci C, D’Aniello S. Loss of circadian rhythmicity in bdnf knockout zebrafish larvae. iScience 2022; 25:104054. [PMID: 35345456 PMCID: PMC8957028 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a pivotal role in neuronal growth and differentiation, neuronal plasticity, learning, and memory. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated a vital Bdnf null mutant line in zebrafish and carried out its molecular and behavioral characterization. Although no defects are evident on a morphological inspection, 66% of coding genes and 37% of microRNAs turned out to be differentially expressed in bdnf−/− compared with wild type sibling embryos. We deeply investigated the circadian clock pathway and confirmed changes in the rhythmic expression of clock (arntl1a, clock1a and clock2) and clock-controlled (aanat2) genes. The modulatory role of Bdnf on the zebrafish circadian clock was then validated by behavioral tests highlighting the absence of circadian activity rhythms in bdnf−/− larvae. The circadian behavior was partially rescued by pharmacological treatment. The bdnf−/− zebrafish line presented here is the first valuable and stable vertebrate model for the study of BDNF-related neurodevelopmental diseases Generation of a viable bdnf KO line in zebrafish Bdnf deficiency affects locomotor activity and thigmotaxis in larvae Differential RNA-seq analysis shows changes in expression of circadian clock genes Bdnf mutant fails in the generation of the behavioral circadian rhythmicity
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Doldur-Balli F, Imamura T, Veatch OJ, Gong NN, Lim DC, Hart MP, Abel T, Kayser MS, Brodkin ES, Pack AI. Synaptic dysfunction connects autism spectrum disorder and sleep disturbances: A perspective from studies in model organisms. Sleep Med Rev 2022; 62:101595. [PMID: 35158305 PMCID: PMC9064929 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances (SD) accompany many neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting SD is a transdiagnostic process that can account for behavioral deficits and influence underlying neuropathogenesis. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) comprises a complex set of neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by challenges in social interaction, communication, and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Diagnosis of ASD is based primarily on behavioral criteria, and there are no drugs that target core symptoms. Among the co-occurring conditions associated with ASD, SD are one of the most prevalent. SD often arises before the onset of other ASD symptoms. Sleep interventions improve not only sleep but also daytime behaviors in children with ASD. Here, we examine sleep phenotypes in multiple model systems relevant to ASD, e.g., mice, zebrafish, fruit flies and worms. Given the functions of sleep in promoting brain connectivity, neural plasticity, emotional regulation and social behavior, all of which are of critical importance in ASD pathogenesis, we propose that synaptic dysfunction is a major mechanism that connects ASD and SD. Common molecular targets in this interplay that are involved in synaptic function might be a novel avenue for therapy of individuals with ASD experiencing SD. Such therapy would be expected to improve not only sleep but also other ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusun Doldur-Balli
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Toshihiro Imamura
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Olivia J Veatch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
| | - Naihua N Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Diane C Lim
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Michael P Hart
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ted Abel
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neuroscience & Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Matthew S Kayser
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Edward S Brodkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Allan I Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Caputo R, Poirel VJ, Challet E, Meijer JH, Raison S. Bimodal serotonin synthesis in the diurnal rodent, Arvicanthis ansorgei. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22255. [PMID: 35294080 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101726r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, behavioral activity is regulated both by the circadian system, orchestrated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and by arousal structures, including the serotonergic system. While the SCN is active at the same astronomical time in diurnal and nocturnal species, little data are available concerning the serotonergic (5HT) system in diurnal mammals. In this study, we investigated the functioning of the 5HT system, which is involved both in regulating the sleep/wake cycle and in synchronizing the SCN, in a diurnal rodent, Arvicanthis ansorgei. Using in situ hybridization, we characterized the anatomical extension of the raphe nuclei and we investigated 24 h mRNA levels of the serotonin rate-limiting enzyme, tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (tph2). Under both 12 h:12 h light/dark (LD) and constant darkness (DD) conditions, tph2 mRNA expression varies significantly over 24 h, displaying a bimodal profile with higher values around the (projected) light transitions. Furthermore, we considered several SCN outputs, namely melatonin, corticosterone, and locomotor activity. In both LD and DD, melatonin profiles display peak levels during the biological night. Corticosterone plasma levels show a bimodal rhythmic profile in both conditions, with higher levels preceding the two peaks of Arvicanthis locomotor activity, occurring at dawn and dusk. These data demonstrate that serotonin synthesis in Arvicanthis is rhythmic and reflects its bimodal behavioral phenotype, but differs from what has been previously described in nocturnal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Caputo
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent-Joseph Poirel
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Division of Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvie Raison
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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46
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A Zebrafish Model for a Rare Genetic Disease Reveals a Conserved Role for FBXL3 in the Circadian Clock System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042373. [PMID: 35216494 PMCID: PMC8875760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock, which drives a wide range of bodily rhythms in synchrony with the day–night cycle, is based on a molecular oscillator that ticks with a period of approximately 24 h. Timed proteasomal degradation of clock components is central to the fine-tuning of the oscillator’s period. FBXL3 is a protein that functions as a substrate-recognition factor in the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and was originally shown in mice to mediate degradation of CRY proteins and thus contribute to the mammalian circadian clock mechanism. By exome sequencing, we have identified a FBXL3 mutation in patients with syndromic developmental delay accompanied by morphological abnormalities and intellectual disability, albeit with a normal sleep pattern. We have investigated the function of FBXL3 in the zebrafish, an excellent model to study both vertebrate development and circadian clock function and, like humans, a diurnal species. Loss of fbxl3a function in zebrafish led to disruption of circadian rhythms of promoter activity and mRNA expression as well as locomotor activity and sleep–wake cycles. However, unlike humans, no morphological effects were evident. These findings point to an evolutionary conserved role for FBXL3 in the circadian clock system across vertebrates and to the acquisition of developmental roles in humans.
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Hu S, Luo L, Zeng L. Tea combats circadian rhythm disorder syndrome via the gut-liver-brain axis: potential mechanisms speculated. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7126-7147. [PMID: 35187990 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2040945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is an intrinsic mechanism developed by organisms to adapt to external environmental signals. Nowadays, owing to the job and after-work entertainment, staying up late - Circadian rhythm disorders (CRD) are common. CRD is linked to the development of fatty liver, type 2 diabetes, and chronic gastroenteritis, which affecting the body's metabolic and inflammatory responses via multi-organ crosstalk (gut-liver-brain axis, etc.). However, studies on the mechanisms of multi-organ interactions by CRD are still weak. Current studies on therapeutic agents for CRD remain inadequate, and phytochemicals have been shown to alleviate CRD-induced syndromes that may be used for CRD-therapy in the future. Tea, a popular phytochemical-rich beverage, reduces glucolipid metabolism and inflammation. But it is immature and unclear in the mechanisms of alleviation of CRD-mediated syndrome. Here, we have analyzed the threat of CRD to hosts and their offspring' health from the perspective of the "gut-liver-brain" axis. The potential mechanisms of tea in alleviating CRD were further explored. It might be by interfering with bile acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and G protein-coupled receptors, with FXR, AHR, and GPCR as potential targets. We hope to provide new perspectives on the role of tea in the prevention and mitigation of CRD.HighlightsThe review highlights the health challenges of CRD via the gut-liver-brain axis.CRD research should focus on the health effects on healthy models and its offspring.Tea may prevent CRD by regulating bile acid, tryptophan, and GPCR.Potential targets for tea prevention and mitigation of CRD include FXR, AHR and GPCR.A comprehensive assessment mechanism for tea in improving CRD should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Luo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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48
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Jiang Y, Gen N, Wang P, Feng N, Lu X. Prednisolone induces sleep disorders via inhibition of melatonin secretion by the circadian rhythm in zebrafish. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 147:112590. [PMID: 35007999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Prednisolone (PN) is a glucocorticoid (GC) analog that is clinically used to treat allergic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. However, the long-term use of GC-like drugs results in many side effects, among which sleep disorders caused by PN have attracted much attention. Many studies have showed that GCs indirectly cause sleep disorders by disrupting the circadian rhythm of the peripheral biological clock. However, the detailed mechanism of this effect in zebrafish remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to study the pharmacology and toxicology of PN by analyzing the sleep phenotype and internal circadian oscillation of zebrafish. Exposure of zebrafish to PN resulted in decreased melatonin secretion and shortened sleep time. Additionally, analysis of the internal circadian rhythm of the zebrafish revealed that the expression of per and cry was significantly upregulated, resulting in a significant delay in the phase of the zebrafish behavioral rhythm. A dual-luciferase reporter assay further revealed that PN repressed per2 and cry1aa expression via the GC receptor (GR), which inhibited aanat2 expression. This caused a decrease in melatonin secretion and led to sleep disorders. The findings of this study highlight the mechanisms underlying the effects of GCs on sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Nan Gen
- Department of TeZhen, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Peisong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, DongE Hospital, 275 Shuguang Road, DongE County, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province 252200, China
| | - Ninghang Feng
- The Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Jiangsu 214000, China.
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China.
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49
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Shi F, Qiu J, Zhang S, Zhao X, Feng D, Feng X. Exogenous melatonin protects preimplantation embryo development from decabromodiphenyl ethane-induced circadian rhythm disorder and endogenous melatonin reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118445. [PMID: 34737029 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) is a novel flame retardant that is widely used in plastics, electronic products, building materials and textiles. Our previous studies have revealed the oocyte toxicity of DBDPE, but the effect of DBDPE on preimplantation embryo development has not been reported. Here, we investigated whether and how DBDPE exposure affects preimplantation embryo development. Adult female mice were orally exposed to DBDPE (0, 5, 50, 500 μg/kg bw/day) for 14 days. First, we found that after DBDPE exposure, mice showed obvious circadian rhythm disorder. Moreover, the development of preimplantation embryos was inhibited in DBDPE-exposed mice after pregnancy. Then, we further explored and revealed that DBDPE exposure reduced the endogenous melatonin (MLT) level during pregnancy, thereby inhibiting the development of preimplantation embryos. Furthermore, we discovered that exogenous MLT supplementation (15 mg/kg bw/day) rescued the inhibition of preimplantation embryo development induced by DBDPE, and a mechanistic study demonstrated that exogenous MLT inhibited the overexpression of ROS and DNA methylation at the 5-position of cytosine (5-mC) in DBDPE-exposed preimplantation embryos. Simultaneously, MLT ameliorated the DBDPE-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP, and Trp1 expression. Additionally, MLT restored DBDPE-induced changes in zona pellucida (ZP) hardness and trophectoderm (TE) cortical tension. Finally, the protective effect of MLT on embryos ameliorated the adverse reproductive outcomes (dead fetus, fetus with abnormal liver, fetal weight loss) induced by DBDPE. Collectively, DBDPE induced preimplantation embryo damage leading to adverse reproductive outcomes, and MLT has emerged as a potential tool to rescue adverse reproductive outcomes induced by DBDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Shi
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinyu Qiu
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shaozhi Zhang
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Institute of Robotics and Automatic Information Systems, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Daofu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xizeng Feng
- College of Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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50
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Gao Y, Chen X, Zhou Q, Song J, Zhang X, Sun Y, Yu M, Li Y. Effects of Melatonin Treatment on Perioperative Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1721-1736. [PMID: 36187327 PMCID: PMC9519126 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s381918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Perioperative sleep disorders have attracted much attention due to their high prevalence and severe harm, and the current treatment methods are insufficient. Some randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have produced controversial results on whether melatonin can improve perioperative sleep quality. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of melatonin treatment on perioperative sleep quality. PATIENTS AND METHODS A systematic search of six databases was performed to identify RCTs investigating melatonin and perioperative sleep. The outcomes analyzed were subjective sleep quality, sleep latency (SL), total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), the behavior of awakenings and daily naps, and the incidence of poor sleep quality. RevMan 5.4 and Stata 16 software was used for the meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis, and trial sequential analysis was conducted using TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software. This study was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42022311378). RESULTS 10 studies containing 725 participants were included. Melatonin improved postoperative subjective sleep quality (SMD: -0.30; 95% CI: [-0.47, -0.14]; P = 0.0004) but not preoperative sleep quality (MD: -2.76; 95% CI: [-10.44, 4.91]; P = 0.48). In the postoperative period, 6mg dose had the best efficacy (SMD: -0.31; 95% CI: [-0.57, -0.04]; P = 0.02). Melatonin increased postoperative TST (P = 0.02) and SE (P = 0.002) and decreased the incidence of postoperative poor sleep quality (P = 0.002) but had no effect on SL (P = 0.11), the number and duration of awakenings (P = 0.28; P=0.55), and the number and duration of daily naps (P = 0.26; P = 0.38). The trial sequential analysis showed that the accumulated Z value crossed both the traditional boundary value and the TSA boundary value, further confirming the stability of the result of the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Melatonin treatment can improve postoperative sleep quality. A 6mg daily dose of melatonin may have a better beneficial effect, which needs further exploration. This study supports the application of melatonin for improving postoperative sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuezhao Chen
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiannan Song
- Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yu
- Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Li
- Chifeng Clinical Medical College of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chifeng, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chifeng Municipal Hospital, Chifeng, People's Republic of China
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