1
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Tobin AB. A golden age of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulation in neurological diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024:10.1038/s41573-024-01007-1. [PMID: 39143241 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-01007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the past 40 years, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family, particularly the M1-receptor and M4-receptor subtypes, have emerged as validated targets for the symptomatic treatment of neurological diseases such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease. However, despite considerable effort and investment, no drugs have yet gained clinical approval. This is largely attributable to cholinergic adverse effects that have halted the majority of programmes and resulted in a waning of interest in these G-protein-coupled receptor targets. Recently, this trend has been reversed. Driven by advances in structure-based drug design and an appreciation of the optimal pharmacological properties necessary to deliver clinical efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, a new generation of M1-receptor and M4-receptor orthosteric agonists and positive allosteric modulators are now entering the clinic. These agents offer the prospect of novel therapeutic solutions for 'hard to treat' neurological diseases, heralding a new era of muscarinic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, School of Molecular Biosciences, The Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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2
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Yuan Y, Xu T, Huang Y, Shi J. Strategies for developing μ opioid receptor agonists with reduced adverse effects. Bioorg Chem 2024; 149:107507. [PMID: 38850778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Opioids are currently the most effective and widely used painkillers in the world. Unfortunately, the clinical use of opioid analgesics is limited by serious adverse effects. Many researchers have been working on designing and optimizing structures in search of novel μ opioid receptor(MOR) agonists with improved analgesic activity and reduced incidence of adverse effects. There are many strategies to develop MOR drugs, mainly focusing on new low efficacy agonists (potentially G protein biased agonists), MOR agonists acting on different Gα subtype, targeting opioid receptors in the periphery, acting on multiple opioid receptor, and targeting allosteric sites of opioid receptors, and others. This review summarizes the design methods, clinical applications, and structure-activity relationships of small-molecule agonists for MOR based on these different design strategies, providing ideas for the development of safer novel opioid ligands with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yuan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Yu Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611756, China
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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3
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Strauss A, Gonzalez-Hernandez AJ, Lee J, Abreu N, Selvakumar P, Salas-Estrada L, Kristt M, Arefin A, Huynh K, Marx DC, Gilliland K, Melancon BJ, Filizola M, Meyerson J, Levitz J. Structural basis of positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor activation and internalization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6498. [PMID: 39090128 PMCID: PMC11294631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are neuromodulatory family C G protein coupled receptors which assemble as dimers and allosterically couple extracellular ligand binding domains (LBDs) to transmembrane domains (TMDs) to drive intracellular signaling. Pharmacologically, mGluRs can be targeted at the LBDs by glutamate and synthetic orthosteric compounds or at the TMDs by allosteric modulators. Despite the potential of allosteric compounds as therapeutics, an understanding of the functional and structural basis of their effects is limited. Here we use multiple approaches to dissect the functional and structural effects of orthosteric versus allosteric ligands. We find, using electrophysiological and live cell imaging assays, that both agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) can drive activation and internalization of group II and III mGluRs. The effects of PAMs are pleiotropic, boosting the maximal response to orthosteric agonists and serving independently as internalization-biased agonists across mGluR subtypes. Motivated by this and intersubunit FRET analyses, we determine cryo-electron microscopy structures of mGluR3 in the presence of either an agonist or antagonist alone or in combination with a PAM. These structures reveal PAM-driven re-shaping of intra- and inter-subunit conformations and provide evidence for a rolling TMD dimer interface activation pathway that controls G protein and beta-arrestin coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Strauss
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Joon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nohely Abreu
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Purushotham Selvakumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Leslie Salas-Estrada
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Melanie Kristt
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anisul Arefin
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dagan C Marx
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kristen Gilliland
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery at Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Bruce J Melancon
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery at Vanderbilt University, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Marta Filizola
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joel Meyerson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Tri-Institutional Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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4
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Philibert CE, Garcia-Marcos M. Smooth operator(s): dialing up and down neurotransmitter responses by G-protein regulators. Trends Cell Biol 2024:S0962-8924(24)00140-5. [PMID: 39054106 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are essential mediators of neuromodulation and prominent pharmacological targets. While activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins (Gαβɣ) by GPCRs is essential in this process, much less is known about the postreceptor mechanisms that influence G-protein activity. Neurons express G-protein regulators that shape the amplitude and kinetics of GPCR-mediated synaptic responses. Although many of these operate by directly altering how G-proteins handle guanine-nucleotides enzymatically, recent discoveries have revealed alternative mechanisms by which GPCR-stimulated G-protein responses are modulated at the synapse. In this review, we cover the molecular basis for, and consequences of, the action of two G-protein regulators that do not affect the enzymatic activity of G-proteins directly: Gα inhibitory interacting protein (GINIP), which binds active Gα subunits, and potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 12 (KCTD12), which binds active Gβγ subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementine E Philibert
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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5
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Fer M, Amalric C, Arban R, Baron L, Ben Hamida S, Breh-Schlanser P, Cui Y, Darcq E, Eickmeier C, Faye V, Franchet C, Frauli M, Halter C, Heyer M, Hoenke C, Hoerer S, Hucke OT, Joseph C, Kieffer BL, Lebrun L, Lotz N, Mayer S, Omrani A, Recolet M, Schaeffer L, Schann S, Schlecker A, Steinberg E, Viloria M, Würstle K, Young K, Zinser A, Montel F, Klepp J. Discovery of BI-9508, a Brain-Penetrant GPR88-Receptor-Agonist Tool Compound for In Vivo Mouse Studies. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11296-11325. [PMID: 38949964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Decreased activity and expression of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR88 is linked to many behavior-linked neurological disorders. Published preclinical GPR88 allosteric agonists all have in vivo pharmacokinetic properties that preclude their progression to the clinic, including high lipophilicity and poor brain penetration. Here, we describe our attempts to improve GPR88 agonists' drug-like properties and our analysis of the trade-offs required to successfully target GPR88's allosteric pocket. We discovered two new GPR88 agonists: One that reduced morphine-induced locomotor activity in a murine proof-of-concept study, and the atropoisomeric BI-9508, which is a brain penetrant and has improved pharmacokinetic properties and dosing that recommend it for future in vivo studies in rodents. BI-9508 still suffers from high lipophilicity, and research on this series was halted. Because of its utility as a tool compound, we now offer researchers access to BI-9508 and a negative control free of charge via Boehringer Ingelheim's open innovation portal opnMe.com.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Arban
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Luc Baron
- Domain Therapeutics, 67400 Illkirch, France
| | - Sami Ben Hamida
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- INSERM UMR 1247- Research Group on Alcohol & Pharmacodependences (GRAP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | | | - Yunhai Cui
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- INSERM UMR-S1329, Strasbourg Translational Neuroscience & Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Christian Eickmeier
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Christoph Hoenke
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Stefan Hoerer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Oliver T Hucke
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
- INSERM UMR-S1329, Strasbourg Translational Neuroscience & Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | | | | | | | - Azar Omrani
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Annette Schlecker
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | | | - Klaus Würstle
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Kyle Young
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Alexander Zinser
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Florian Montel
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Julian Klepp
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
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6
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Labouesse MA, Wilhelm M, Kagiampaki Z, Yee AG, Denis R, Harada M, Gresch A, Marinescu AM, Otomo K, Curreli S, Serratosa Capdevila L, Zhou X, Cola RB, Ravotto L, Glück C, Cherepanov S, Weber B, Zhou X, Katner J, Svensson KA, Fellin T, Trudeau LE, Ford CP, Sych Y, Patriarchi T. A chemogenetic approach for dopamine imaging with tunable sensitivity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5551. [PMID: 38956067 PMCID: PMC11219860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetically-encoded dopamine (DA) sensors enable high-resolution imaging of DA release, but their ability to detect a wide range of extracellular DA levels, especially tonic versus phasic DA release, is limited by their intrinsic affinity. Here we show that a human-selective dopamine receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) can be used to boost sensor affinity on-demand. The PAM enhances DA detection sensitivity across experimental preparations (in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo) via one-photon or two-photon imaging. In vivo photometry-based detection of optogenetically-evoked DA release revealed that DETQ administration produces a stable 31 minutes window of potentiation without effects on animal behavior. The use of the PAM revealed region-specific and metabolic state-dependent differences in tonic DA levels and enhanced single-trial detection of behavior-evoked phasic DA release in cortex and striatum. Our chemogenetic strategy can potently and flexibly tune DA imaging sensitivity and reveal multi-modal (tonic/phasic) DA signaling across preparations and imaging approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie A Labouesse
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Wilhelm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Andrew G Yee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Raphaelle Denis
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, SNC and CIRCA Research groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, SNC and CIRCA Research groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Masaya Harada
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gresch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Kanako Otomo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Curreli
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Xuehan Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Reto B Cola
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Ravotto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Chaim Glück
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Cherepanov
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xin Zhou
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Tommaso Fellin
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Louis-Eric Trudeau
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, SNC and CIRCA Research groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, SNC and CIRCA Research groups, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christopher P Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Yaroslav Sych
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tommaso Patriarchi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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7
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Ferranti AS, Luessen DJ, Niswender CM. Novel pharmacological targets for GABAergic dysfunction in ADHD. Neuropharmacology 2024; 249:109897. [PMID: 38462041 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopment disorder that affects approximately 5% of the population. The disorder is characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and deficits in attention and cognition, although symptoms vary across patients due to the heterogenous and polygenic nature of the disorder. Stimulant medications are the standard of care treatment for ADHD patients, and their effectiveness has led to the dopaminergic hypothesis of ADHD in which deficits in dopaminergic signaling, especially in cortical brain regions, mechanistically underly ADHD pathophysiology. Despite their effectiveness in many individuals, almost one-third of patients do not respond to stimulant treatments and the long-term negative side effects of these medications remain unclear. Emerging clinical evidence is beginning to highlight an important role of dysregulated excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance in ADHD. These deficits in E/I balance are related to functional abnormalities in glutamate and Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) signaling in the brain, with increasing emphasis placed on GABAergic interneurons driving specific aspects of ADHD pathophysiology. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also highlighted how genes associated with GABA function are mutated in human populations with ADHD, resulting in the generation of several new genetic mouse models of ADHD. This review will discuss how GABAergic dysfunction underlies ADHD pathophysiology, and how specific receptors/proteins related to GABAergic interneuron dysfunction may be pharmacologically targeted to treat ADHD in subpopulations with specific comorbidities and symptom domains. This article is part of the Special Issue on "PFC circuit function in psychiatric disease and relevant models".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S Ferranti
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Deborah J Luessen
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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8
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Arnold CA, Bagg MK, Harvey AR. The psychophysiology of music-based interventions and the experience of pain. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1361857. [PMID: 38800683 PMCID: PMC11122921 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1361857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In modern times there is increasing acceptance that music-based interventions are useful aids in the clinical treatment of a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including helping to reduce the perception of pain. Indeed, the belief that music, whether listening or performing, can alter human pain experiences has a long history, dating back to the ancient Greeks, and its potential healing properties have long been appreciated by indigenous cultures around the world. The subjective experience of acute or chronic pain is complex, influenced by many intersecting physiological and psychological factors, and it is therefore to be expected that the impact of music therapy on the pain experience may vary from one situation to another, and from one person to another. Where pain persists and becomes chronic, aberrant central processing is a key feature associated with the ongoing pain experience. Nonetheless, beneficial effects of exposure to music on pain relief have been reported across a wide range of acute and chronic conditions, and it has been shown to be effective in neonates, children and adults. In this comprehensive review we examine the various neurochemical, physiological and psychological factors that underpin the impact of music on the pain experience, factors that potentially operate at many levels - the periphery, spinal cord, brainstem, limbic system and multiple areas of cerebral cortex. We discuss the extent to which these factors, individually or in combination, influence how music affects both the quality and intensity of pain, noting that there remains controversy about the respective roles that diverse central and peripheral processes play in this experience. Better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie music's impact on pain perception together with insights into central processing of pain should aid in developing more effective synergistic approaches when music therapy is combined with clinical treatments. The ubiquitous nature of music also facilitates application from the therapeutic environment into daily life, for ongoing individual and social benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A. Arnold
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Caulfield Pain Management and Research Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew K. Bagg
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Alan R. Harvey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences and Conservatorium of Music, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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9
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Isu UH, Badiee SA, Polasa A, Tabari SH, Derakhshani-Molayousefi M, Moradi M. Cholesterol Dependence of the Conformational Changes in Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.17.589854. [PMID: 38659864 PMCID: PMC11042357 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.17.589854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are class C G protein-coupled receptors that function as obligate dimers in regulating neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. The mGluR1 subtype has been shown to be modulated by the membrane lipid environment, particularly cholesterol, though the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we employed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effects of cholesterol on the conformational dynamics of the mGluR1 seven-transmembrane (7TM) domain in an inactive state model. Simulations were performed with three different cholesterol concentrations (0%, 10%, and 25%) in a palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) lipid bilayer system. Our results demonstrate that cholesterol induces conformational changes in the mGluR1 dimer more significantly than in the individual protomers. Notably, cholesterol modulates the dynamics and conformations of the TM1 and TM2 helices at the dimer interface. Interestingly, an intermediate cholesterol concentration of 10% elicits more pronounced conformational changes compared to both cholesterol-depleted (0%) and cholesterol-enriched (25%) systems. Specific electrostatic interaction unique to the 10% cholesterol system further corroborate these conformational differences. Given the high sequence conservation of the 7TM domains across mGluR subtypes, the cholesterol-dependent effects observed in mGluR1 are likely applicable to other members of this receptor family. Our findings provide atomistic insights into how cholesterol modulates the conformational landscape of mGluRs, which could impact their function and signaling mechanisms.
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10
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Zhang M, Chen T, Lu X, Lan X, Chen Z, Lu S. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): advances in structures, mechanisms, and drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:88. [PMID: 38594257 PMCID: PMC11004190 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of human membrane proteins and an important class of drug targets, play a role in maintaining numerous physiological processes. Agonist or antagonist, orthosteric effects or allosteric effects, and biased signaling or balanced signaling, characterize the complexity of GPCR dynamic features. In this study, we first review the structural advancements, activation mechanisms, and functional diversity of GPCRs. We then focus on GPCR drug discovery by revealing the detailed drug-target interactions and the underlying mechanisms of orthosteric drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the past five years. Particularly, an up-to-date analysis is performed on available GPCR structures complexed with synthetic small-molecule allosteric modulators to elucidate key receptor-ligand interactions and allosteric mechanisms. Finally, we highlight how the widespread GPCR-druggable allosteric sites can guide structure- or mechanism-based drug design and propose prospects of designing bitopic ligands for the future therapeutic potential of targeting this receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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11
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Velloso JPL, Kovacs AS, Pires DEV, Ascher DB. AI-driven GPCR analysis, engineering, and targeting. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 74:102427. [PMID: 38219398 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This article investigates the role of recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) to revolutionise the study of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). AI has been applied to many areas of GPCR research, including the application of machine learning (ML) in GPCR classification, prediction of GPCR activation levels, modelling GPCR 3D structures and interactions, understanding G-protein selectivity, aiding elucidation of GPCRs structures, and drug design. Despite progress, challenges in predicting GPCR structures and addressing the complex nature of GPCRs remain, providing avenues for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P L Velloso
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Systems and Computational Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron S Kovacs
- Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Douglas E V Pires
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Systems and Computational Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - David B Ascher
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Systems and Computational Biology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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12
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Płoska A, Siekierzycka A, Cieślik P, Dobrucki LW, Kalinowski L, Wierońska JM. The Impact of LY487379 or CDPPB on eNOS Expression in the Mouse Brain and the Effect of Joint Administration of Compounds with NO • Releasers on MK-801- or Scopolamine-Driven Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice. Molecules 2024; 29:627. [PMID: 38338372 PMCID: PMC10856750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the regulation of a variety of biological processes is well established, and its dysfunction contributes to brain pathologies, including schizophrenia or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors were shown to be effective procognitive compounds, but little is known about their impact on eNOS expression and stability. Here, we investigated the influence of the acute and chronic administration of LY487379 or CDPPB (mGlu2 and mGlu5 PAMs), on eNOS expression in the mouse brain and the effect of the joint administration of the ligands with nitric oxide (NO) releasers, spermineNONOate or DETANONOate, in different combinations of doses, on MK-801- or scopolamine-induced amnesia in the novel object recognition (NOR) test. Our results indicate that both compounds provoked eNOS monomer formation, and CDPPB at a dose of 5 mg/kg exaggerated the effect of MK-801 or scopolamine. The coadministration of spermineNONOate or DETANONOate enhanced the antiamnesic effect of CDPPB or LY487379. The best activity was observed for ineffective or moderate dose combinations. The results indicate that treatment with mGluR2 and mGluR5 PAMs may be burdened with the risk of promoting eNOS uncoupling through the induction of dimer dissociation. Administration of the lowest possible doses of the compounds with NO• donors, which themselves have procognitive efficacy, may be proposed for the treatment of schizophrenia or AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.); (L.W.D.)
| | - Anna Siekierzycka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.); (L.W.D.)
| | - Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Lawrence W. Dobrucki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.); (L.W.D.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Fahrenheit Biobank BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, 7 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (A.P.); (A.S.); (L.W.D.)
- BioTechMed Center, Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Steet, 80-223 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna M. Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Street, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
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13
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Nunes EJ, Addy NA, Conn PJ, Foster DJ. Targeting the Actions of Muscarinic Receptors on Dopamine Systems: New Strategies for Treating Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:277-289. [PMID: 37552895 PMCID: PMC10841102 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-023858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic regulation of dopamine (DA) signaling has significant implications for numerous disorders, including schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and mood-related disorders. The activity of midbrain DA neurons and DA release patterns in terminal regions are tightly regulated by cholinergic neurons found in both the striatum and the hindbrain. These cholinergic neurons can modulate DA circuitry by activating numerous receptors, including muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes. This review specifically focuses on the complex role of M2, M4, and M5 mAChR subtypes in regulating DA neuron activity and DA release and the potential clinical implications of targeting these mAChR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nii A Addy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, and Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology and Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel J Foster
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA;
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14
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Madrid LI, Hafey K, Bandhavkar S, Bodea GO, Jimenez-Martin J, Milne M, Walker TL, Faulkner GJ, Coulson EJ, Jhaveri DJ. Stimulation of the muscarinic receptor M4 regulates neural precursor cell proliferation and promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Development 2024; 151:dev201835. [PMID: 38063486 PMCID: PMC10820734 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic signaling plays a crucial role in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis; however, the mechanisms by which acetylcholine mediates neurogenic effects are not completely understood. Here, we report the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M4 (M4 mAChR) on a subpopulation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the adult mouse hippocampus, and demonstrate that its pharmacological stimulation promotes their proliferation, thereby enhancing the production of new neurons in vivo. Using a targeted ablation approach, we also show that medial septum (MS) and the diagonal band of Broca (DBB) cholinergic neurons support both the survival and morphological maturation of adult-born neurons in the mouse hippocampus. Although the systemic administration of an M4-selective allosteric potentiator fails to fully rescue the MS/DBB cholinergic lesion-induced decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis, it further exacerbates the impairment in the morphological maturation of adult-born neurons. Collectively, these findings reveal stage-specific roles of M4 mAChRs in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis, uncoupling their positive role in enhancing the production of new neurons from the M4-induced inhibition of their morphological maturation, at least in the context of cholinergic signaling dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia I. Madrid
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katelyn Hafey
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Saurabh Bandhavkar
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabriela O. Bodea
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Javier Jimenez-Martin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Milne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tara L. Walker
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J. Faulkner
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. Coulson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dhanisha J. Jhaveri
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4102, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Kim J, He MJ, Widmann AK, Lee FS. The role of neurotrophic factors in novel, rapid psychiatric treatments. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:227-245. [PMID: 37673965 PMCID: PMC10700398 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors are a family of growth factors that modulate cellular growth, survival, and differentiation. For many decades, it has been generally believed that a lack of neurotrophic support led to the decreased neuronal synaptic plasticity, death, and loss of non-neuronal supportive cells seen in neuropsychiatric disorders. Traditional psychiatric medications that lead to immediate increases in neurotransmitter levels at the synapse have been shown also to elevate synaptic neurotrophic levels over weeks, correlating with the time course of the therapeutic effects of these drugs. Recent advances in psychiatric treatments, such as ketamine and psychedelics, have shown a much faster onset of therapeutic effects (within minutes to hours). They have also been shown to lead to a rapid release of neurotrophins into the synapse. This has spurred a significant shift in understanding the role of neurotrophins and how the receptor tyrosine kinases that bind neurotrophins may work in concert with other signaling systems. In this review, this renewed understanding of synaptic receptor signaling interactions and the clinical implications of this mechanistic insight will be discussed within the larger context of the well-established roles of neurotrophic factors in psychiatric disorders and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michelle J He
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Alina K Widmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Francis S Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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16
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Oliva P, Suresh RR, Pasquini S, Salmaso V, Will EJ, Tosh DK, Gao ZG, Liu N, Gavrilova O, Vincenzi F, Varani K, Jacobson KA. 2-Amino-5-arylethynyl-thiophen-3-yl-(phenyl)methanones as A 1 Adenosine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1640-1646. [PMID: 38116442 PMCID: PMC10726435 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) agonists have cerebroprotective, cardioprotective, antinociceptive, and other pharmaceutical applications. We explored the structure-activity relationship of 5-arylethynyl aminothiophenes as A1AR positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). The derivatives were compared in binding and functional assays at the human A1AR, indicating that some fluoro-substituted analogues have enhanced PAM activity. We identified substitution of the terminal phenyl ring in 12 (2-F-Ph), 15 (3,4-F2-Ph, MRS7935), and 21 (2-CF3-Ph) as particularly enhancing the PAM activity. 15 was also shown to act as an A1 ago-PAM with EC50 ≈ 2 μM, without activity (30 μM) at other ARs. Molecular modeling indicated that both the 5-arylethynyl and the 4-neopentyl groups are located in a region outside the receptor transmembrane helix bundle that is in contact with the phospholipid bilayer, consistent with the preference for nonpolar substitution of the aryl moiety. Although they are hydrophobic, these PAMs could provide potential drug candidate molecules for engaging protective A1ARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Oliva
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Mouse Metabolism Core, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - R. Rama Suresh
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Mouse Metabolism Core, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department
of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Veronica Salmaso
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Mouse Metabolism Core, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Edward J. Will
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Mouse Metabolism Core, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Dilip K. Tosh
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Mouse Metabolism Core, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Mouse Metabolism Core, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Naili Liu
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Mouse Metabolism Core, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Mouse Metabolism Core, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department
of Translational Medicine, University of
Ferrara, Via Fossato
di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department
of Translational Medicine, University of
Ferrara, Via Fossato
di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kenneth A. Jacobson
- Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Mouse Metabolism Core, National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney
Disease, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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17
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Cheng L, Xia F, Li Z, Shen C, Yang Z, Hou H, Sun S, Feng Y, Yong X, Tian X, Qin H, Yan W, Shao Z. Structure, function and drug discovery of GPCR signaling. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:46. [PMID: 38047990 PMCID: PMC10695916 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are versatile and vital proteins involved in a wide array of physiological processes and responses, such as sensory perception (e.g., vision, taste, and smell), immune response, hormone regulation, and neurotransmission. Their diverse and essential roles in the body make them a significant focus for pharmaceutical research and drug development. Currently, approximately 35% of marketed drugs directly target GPCRs, underscoring their prominence as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in structural biology have substantially deepened our understanding of GPCR activation mechanisms and interactions with G-protein and arrestin signaling pathways. This review offers an in-depth exploration of both traditional and recent methods in GPCR structure analysis. It presents structure-based insights into ligand recognition and receptor activation mechanisms and delves deeper into the mechanisms of canonical and noncanonical signaling pathways downstream of GPCRs. Furthermore, it highlights recent advancements in GPCR-related drug discovery and development. Particular emphasis is placed on GPCR selective drugs, allosteric and biased signaling, polyphamarcology, and antibody drugs. Our goal is to provide researchers with a thorough and updated understanding of GPCR structure determination, signaling pathway investigation, and drug development. This foundation aims to propel forward-thinking therapeutic approaches that target GPCRs, drawing upon the latest insights into GPCR ligand selectivity, activation, and biased signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ziyan Li
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenglong Shen
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqian Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanlin Hou
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Suyue Sun
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuying Feng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xihao Yong
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowen Tian
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongxi Qin
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Frontiers Medical Center, Chengdu, 610212, China.
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18
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Zehnaker A, Vallet A, Gourdon J, Sarti C, Jugnarain V, Haj Hassan M, Mathias L, Gauthier C, Raynaud P, Boulo T, Beauclair L, Bigot Y, Casarini L, Crépieux P, Poupon A, Piégu B, Jean-Alphonse F, Bruneau G, Reiter É. Combined Multiplexed Phage Display, High-Throughput Sequencing, and Functional Assays as a Platform for Identifying Modulatory VHHs Targeting the FSHR. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15961. [PMID: 37958944 PMCID: PMC10650796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing modulatory antibodies against G protein-coupled receptors is challenging. In this study, we targeted the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), a significant regulator of reproduction, with variable domains of heavy chain-only antibodies (VHHs). We built two immune VHH libraries and submitted them to multiplexed phage display approaches. We used next-generation sequencing to identify 34 clusters of specifically enriched sequences that were functionally assessed in a primary screen based on a cAMP response element (CRE)-dependent reporter gene assay. In this assay, 23 VHHs displayed negative or positive modulation of FSH-induced responses, suggesting a high success rate of the multiplexed strategy. We then focused on the largest cluster identified (i.e., PRC1) that displayed positive modulation of FSH action. We demonstrated that PRC1 specifically binds to the human FSHR and human FSHR/FSH complex while potentiating FSH-induced cAMP production and Gs recruitment. We conclude that the improved selection strategy reported here is effective for rapidly identifying functionally active VHHs and could be adapted to target other challenging membrane receptors. This study also led to the identification of PRC1, the first potential positive modulator VHH reported for the human FSHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anielka Zehnaker
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Amandine Vallet
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Juliette Gourdon
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Caterina Sarti
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Vinesh Jugnarain
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Maya Haj Hassan
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Laetitia Mathias
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Camille Gauthier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Pauline Raynaud
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Thomas Boulo
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Linda Beauclair
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Yves Bigot
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Livio Casarini
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- MAbSilico, 1 Impasse du Palais, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Benoît Piégu
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Frédéric Jean-Alphonse
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Bruneau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
| | - Éric Reiter
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche Pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; (A.Z.); (A.V.); (J.G.); (C.S.); (V.J.); (M.H.H.); (L.M.); (C.G.); (P.R.); (T.B.); (L.B.); (Y.B.); (L.C.); (P.C.); (A.P.); (B.P.); (F.J.-A.)
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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19
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Seong SH, Kim SH, Ryu JH, Jeong JW, Jung HA, Choi JS. Effects of Icariin and Its Metabolites on GPCR Regulation and MK-801-Induced Schizophrenia-Like Behaviors in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:7300. [PMID: 37959720 PMCID: PMC10647531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Icariin, a major bioactive compound found in the Epimedium genus, has been reported to exert protective effects against neurodegenerative disorders. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of icariin and its active metabolites (icariside II and icaritin) against prime G-protein-coupled receptor targets, considering their association with neuronal disorders. Icariside II exhibited selective agonist activity towards the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R), with half-maximal effective concentrations of 13.29 μM. Additionally, they effectively inhibited the specific binding of radioligands to D3R. Molecular docking analysis revealed that icariside II potentially exerts its agonistic effect through hydrogen-bonding interaction with Asp110 of the D3R, accompanied by negative binding energy. Conversely, icaritin demonstrated selective antagonist effects on the muscarinic acetylcholine M2 receptor (M2R). Radioligand binding assay and molecular docking analysis identified icaritin as an orthosteric ligand for M2R. Furthermore, all three compounds, icariin and its two metabolites, successfully mitigated MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like symptoms, including deficits in prepulse inhibition and social interaction, in mice. In summary, these findings highlight the potential of icariin and its metabolites as promising lead structures for the discovery of new drugs targeting cognitive and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hui Seong
- Division of Natural Products Research, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.); (J.-W.J.)
| | - Seo Hyun Kim
- Division of Research Management, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Division of Natural Products Research, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea; (S.H.S.); (J.-W.J.)
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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20
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Powers AS, Khan A, Paggi JM, Latorraca NR, Souza S, Salvo JD, Lu J, Soisson SM, Johnston JM, Weinglass AB, Dror RO. A non-canonical mechanism of GPCR activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.14.553154. [PMID: 37645874 PMCID: PMC10462065 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.553154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The goal of designing safer, more effective drugs has led to tremendous interest in molecular mechanisms through which ligands can precisely manipulate signaling of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest class of drug targets. Decades of research have led to the widely accepted view that all agonists-ligands that trigger GPCR activation-function by causing rearrangement of the GPCR's transmembrane helices, opening an intracellular pocket for binding of transducer proteins. Here we demonstrate that certain agonists instead trigger activation of free fatty acid receptor 1 by directly rearranging an intracellular loop that interacts with transducers. We validate the predictions of our atomic-level simulations by targeted mutagenesis; specific mutations which disrupt interactions with the intracellular loop convert these agonists into inverse agonists. Further analysis suggests that allosteric ligands could regulate signaling of many other GPCRs via a similar mechanism, offering rich possibilities for precise control of pharmaceutically important targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aasma Khan
- Department of Quantitative Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Joseph M Paggi
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Naomi R Latorraca
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sarah Souza
- Department of Quantitative Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | | | - Jun Lu
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
- Small Molecule Discovery, Zai Lab (US) LLC, 314 Main Street, Suite 04-100, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Stephen M Soisson
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
- Protein Therapeutics and Structural Biology, Odyssey Therapeutics, 51 Sleeper Street, Suite 800, Boston, MA 02210
| | | | - Adam B Weinglass
- Department of Quantitative Biology, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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21
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Strauss A, Gonzalez-Hernandez AJ, Lee J, Abreu N, Selvakumar P, Salas-Estrada L, Kristt M, Marx DC, Gilliland K, Melancon BJ, Filizola M, Meyerson J, Levitz J. Structural basis of allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor activation and desensitization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.13.552748. [PMID: 37645747 PMCID: PMC10461995 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.13.552748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are neuromodulatory family C G protein coupled receptors which assemble as dimers and allosterically couple extracellular ligand binding domains (LBDs) to transmembrane domains (TMDs) to drive intracellular signaling. Pharmacologically, mGluRs can be targeted either at the LBDs by glutamate and synthetic orthosteric compounds or at the TMDs by allosteric modulators. Despite the potential of allosteric TMD-targeting compounds as therapeutics, an understanding of the functional and structural basis of their effects on mGluRs is limited. Here we use a battery of approaches to dissect the distinct functional and structural effects of orthosteric versus allosteric ligands. We find using electrophysiological and live cell imaging assays that both agonists and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) can drive activation and desensitization of mGluRs. The effects of PAMs are pleiotropic, including both the ability to boost the maximal response to orthosteric agonists and to serve independently as desensitization-biased agonists across mGluR subtypes. Conformational sensors reveal PAM-driven inter-subunit re-arrangements at both the LBD and TMD. Motivated by this, we determine cryo-electron microscopy structures of mGluR3 in the presence of either an agonist or antagonist alone or in combination with a PAM. These structures reveal PAM-driven re-shaping of intra- and inter-subunit conformations and provide evidence for a rolling TMD dimer interface activation pathway that controls G protein and beta-arrestin coupling. Highlights -Agonists and PAMs drive mGluR activation, desensitization, and endocytosis-PAMs are desensitization-biased and synergistic with agonists-Four combinatorial ligand conditions reveal an ensemble of full-length mGluR structures with novel interfaces-Activation and desensitization involve rolling TMD interfaces which are re-shaped by PAM.
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22
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Ritter N, Disse P, Wünsch B, Seebohm G, Strutz-Seebohm N. Pharmacological Potential of 3-Benzazepines in NMDAR-Linked Pathophysiological Processes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051367. [PMID: 37239037 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) linked neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and dementia is constantly increasing. This is partly due to demographic change and presents new challenges to societies. To date, there are no effective treatment options. Current medications are nonselective and can lead to unwanted side effects in patients. A promising therapeutic approach is the targeted inhibition of NMDARs in the brain. NMDARs containing different subunits and splice variants display different physiological properties and play a crucial role in learning and memory, as well as in inflammatory or injury processes. They become overactivated during the course of the disease, leading to nerve cell death. Until now, there has been a lack of understanding of the general functions of the receptor and the mechanism of inhibition, which need to be understood in order to develop inhibitors. Ideal compounds should be highly targeted and even splice-variant-selective. However, a potent and splice-variant-selective NMDAR-targeting drug has yet to be developed. Recently developed 3-benzazepines are promising inhibitors for further drug development. The NMDAR splice variants GluN1-1b-4b carry a 21-amino-acid-long, flexible exon 5. Exon 5 lowers the NMDAR's sensitivity to allosteric modulators by probably acting as an NMDAR modulator itself. The role of exon 5 in NMDAR modulation is still poorly understood. In this review, we summarize the structure and pharmacological relevance of tetrahydro-3-benzazepines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ritter
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Chembion, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Paul Disse
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Chembion, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Chembion, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guiscard Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
- Chembion, University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nathalie Strutz-Seebohm
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases (IfGH), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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23
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Sobhia ME, Kumar H, Kumari S. Bifunctional robots inducing targeted protein degradation. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115384. [PMID: 37119667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gaining importance of Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD) and PROTACs (PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras) have drawn the scientific community's attention. PROTACs are considered bifunctional robots owing to their avidity for the protein of interest (POI) and E3-ligase, which induce the ubiquitination of POI. These molecules are based on event-driven pharmacology and are applicable in different conditions such as oncology, antiviral, neurodegenerative disease, acne etc., offering tremendous scope to researchers. In this review, primarily, we attempted to compile the recent works available in the literature on PROTACs for various targeted proteins. We summarized the design and development strategies with a focus on molecular information of protein residues and linker design. Rationalization of the ternary complex formation using Artificial Intelligence including machine & deep learning models and traditionally followed computational tools are also included in this study. Moreover, details describing the optimization of PROTACs chemistry and pharmacokinetic properties are added. Advanced PROTAC designs and targeting complex proteins, is summed up to cover the wide spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Sobhia
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector - 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Harish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector - 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Sonia Kumari
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector - 67, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India
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24
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Dickson L, Teall M, Chevalier E, Cheung T, Liwicki GM, Mack S, Stephenson A, White K, Fosbeary R, Harrison DC, Brice NL, Doyle K, Ciccocioppo R, Wu C, Almond S, Patel TR, Mitchell P, Barnes M, Ayscough AP, Dawson LA, Carlton M, Bürli RW. Discovery of CVN636: A Highly Potent, Selective, and CNS Penetrant mGluR 7 Allosteric Agonist. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:442-449. [PMID: 37077399 PMCID: PMC10107911 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The low affinity metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR7 has been implicated in numerous CNS disorders; however, a paucity of potent and selective activators has hampered full delineation of the functional role and therapeutic potential of this receptor. In this work, we present the identification, optimization, and characterization of highly potent, novel mGluR7 agonists. Of particular interest is the chromane CVN636, a potent (EC50 7 nM) allosteric agonist which demonstrates exquisite selectivity for mGluR7 compared to not only other mGluRs, but also a broad range of targets. CVN636 demonstrated CNS penetrance and efficacy in an in vivo rodent model of alcohol use disorder. CVN636 thus has potential to progress as a drug candidate in CNS disorders involving mGluR7 and glutamatergic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Dickson
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Martin Teall
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Elodie Chevalier
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Toni Cheung
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Gemma M. Liwicki
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Stephen Mack
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Anne Stephenson
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Kathryn White
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Richard Fosbeary
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - David C. Harrison
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Nicola L. Brice
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Kevin Doyle
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Chaobo Wu
- WuXi Apptec Limited, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Sarah Almond
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Toshal R. Patel
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Philip Mitchell
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Matt Barnes
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Andrew P. Ayscough
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Lee A. Dawson
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Mark Carlton
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
- Takeda Cambridge Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
| | - Roland W. Bürli
- Cerevance Limited, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, U.K
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25
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Biophysical investigations of class A GPCRs. Biochimie 2023; 205:86-94. [PMID: 36220484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a central role in cellular communication, converting external stimuli into intracellular responses. GPCRs bind a very broad panel of ligands, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, peptides and lipids. Ligand binding triggers a series of receptor conformational rearrangements, enabling the coupling to intracellular partners and the activation of signaling cascades. The major breakthrough in GPCRs structural biology of the past decade has considerably advanced our understanding of GPCR activation. However, structural information cannot fully explain the molecular details of GPCRs pharmacology. Biophysical investigations reveal that GPCRs are very dynamic proteins, capable of exploring a wide range of conformational states. Binding to ligands of various pharmacological classes, as well as intracellular effectors and allosteric modulators, can shift the equilibrium between these states and the kinetic of interconversions among the different conformers. Investigation of GPCR dynamic interplay is therefore important to better understand the complex pharmacology and signaling profile of these receptors.
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26
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An Update of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling and Its Deregulation in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030736. [PMID: 36765694 PMCID: PMC9913146 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to a cell surface receptor superfamily responding to a wide range of external signals. The binding of extracellular ligands to GPCRs activates a heterotrimeric G protein and triggers the production of numerous secondary messengers, which transduce the extracellular signals into cellular responses. GPCR signaling is crucial and imperative for maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. High-throughput sequencing analyses revealed the occurrence of the genetic aberrations of GPCRs and G proteins in multiple malignancies. The altered GPCRs/G proteins serve as valuable biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and pharmacological targets. Furthermore, the dysregulation of GPCR signaling contributes to tumor initiation and development. In this review, we have summarized the research progress of GPCRs and highlighted their mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). The aberrant activation of GPCRs promotes GC cell proliferation and metastasis, remodels the tumor microenvironment, and boosts immune escape. Through deep investigation, novel therapeutic strategies for targeting GPCR activation have been developed, and the final aim is to eliminate GPCR-driven gastric carcinogenesis.
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27
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Jakowiecki J, Orzeł U, Gliździnska A, Możajew M, Filipek S. Specificities of Protein Homology Modeling for Allosteric Drug Design. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2627:339-348. [PMID: 36959457 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2974-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The allosteric binding sites are usually located in the flexible areas of proteins, which are hardly visible in the crystal structures. However, there are notable exceptions like allosteric sites in receptors in class B and C of GPCRs, which are located within a well-defined bundle of transmembrane helices. Class B and C evolved from class A and even after swapping of orthosteric and allosteric sites the central binding site persisted and it can be used for easy design of allosteric drugs. However, studying the ligand binding to the allosteric sites in the most populated class A of GPCRs is still a challenge, since they are located mostly in unresolved parts of the receptor's structure, and especially N-terminus. This chapter provides an example of cannabinoid CB1 receptor N-terminal homology modeling, ligand-guided modeling of the allosteric site in GABA receptor, as well as C-linker modeling in the potassium ion channels where the allosteric phospholipid ligand PIP2 is bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Jakowiecki
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Orzeł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gliździnska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Możajew
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Filipek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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28
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Caniceiro AB, Bueschbell B, Barreto CA, Preto AJ, Moreira IS. MUG: A mutation overview of GPCR subfamily A17 receptors. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:586-600. [PMID: 36659920 PMCID: PMC9822836 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate several signaling pathways through a general mechanism that involves their activation, upholding a chain of events that lead to the release of molecules responsible for cytoplasmic action and further regulation. These physiological functions can be severely altered by mutations in GPCR genes. GPCRs subfamily A17 (dopamine, serotonin, adrenergic and trace amine receptors) are directly related with neurodegenerative diseases, and as such it is crucial to explore known mutations on these systems and their impact in structure and function. A comprehensive and detailed computational framework - MUG (Mutations Understanding GPCRs) - was constructed, illustrating key reported mutations and their effect on receptors of the subfamily A17 of GPCRs. We explored the type of mutations occurring overall and in the different families of subfamily A17, as well their localization within the receptor and potential effects on receptor functionality. The mutated residues were further analyzed considering their pathogenicity. The results reveal a high diversity of mutations in the GPCR subfamily A17 structures, drawing attention to the considerable number of mutations in conserved residues and domains. Mutated residues were typically hydrophobic residues enriched at the ligand binding pocket and known activating microdomains, which may lead to disruption of receptor function. MUG as an interactive web application is available for the management and visualization of this dataset. We expect that this interactive database helps the exploration of GPCR mutations, their influence, and their familywise and receptor-specific effects, constituting the first step in elucidating their structures and molecules at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Caniceiro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD in Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Bueschbell
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A.V. Barreto
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António J. Preto
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Casa Costa Alemão, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Irina S. Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Corresponding author at: Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
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29
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Sonochemical synthesis and biological evaluation of isoquinolin-1(2H)-one/isoindolin-1-one derivatives: Discovery of a positive ago-allosteric modulator (PAAM) of 5HT2CR. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Fallot LB, Suresh RR, Fisher CL, Salmaso V, O'Connor RD, Kaufman N, Gao ZG, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA. Structure-Activity Studies of 1 H-Imidazo[4,5- c]quinolin-4-amine Derivatives as A 3 Adenosine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15238-15262. [PMID: 36367749 PMCID: PMC10354740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported 1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amines as A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). A3AR agonists, but not PAMs, are in clinical trials for inflammatory diseases and liver conditions. We synthesized new analogues to distinguish 2-cyclopropyl antagonist 17 (orthosteric interaction demonstrated by binding and predicted computationally) from PAMs (derivatives with large 2-alkyl/cycloalkyl/bicycloalkyl groups). We predicted PAM binding at a hydrophobic site on the A3AR cytosolic interface. Although having low Caco-2 permeability and high plasma protein binding, hydrophobic 2-cyclohept-4-enyl-N-3,4-dichlorophenyl, MRS7788 18, and 2-heptan-4-yl-N-4-iodophenyl, MRS8054 39, derivatives were orally bioavailable in rat. 2-Heptan-4-yl-N-3,4-dichlorophenyl 14 and 2-cyclononyl-N-3,4-dichlorophenyl 20 derivatives and 39 greatly enhanced Cl-IB-MECA-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding Emax, with only 12b trending toward decreasing the agonist EC50. A feasible route for radio-iodination at the p-position of a 4-phenylamino substituent suggests a potential radioligand for allosteric site binding. Herein, we advanced an allosteric approach to developing A3AR-activating drugs that are potentially event- and site-specific in action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Fallot
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, 646 Swift Road, West Point, New York 10996, United States
| | - R Rama Suresh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Veronica Salmaso
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Robert D O'Connor
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Noy Kaufman
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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31
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Díaz O, Renault P, Giraldo J. Evaluating Allosteric Perturbations in Cannabinoid Receptor 1 by In Silico Single-Point Mutation. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37873-37884. [PMID: 36312415 PMCID: PMC9608382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a promising drug target involved in many physiological processes. Using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we examined the structural effect of F237L mutation on CB1, a mutation that has qualitatively similar effects to allosteric ligand ORG27569 binding. This mutation showed a global effect on CB1 conformations. Among the observed effects, TM6 outward movement and the conformational change of the NPxxY motif upon receptor activation by CB1 agonist CP55940 were hindered compared to wt CB1. Within the orthosteric binding site, CP55940 interactions with CB1 were altered. Our results revealed that allosteric perturbations introduced by the mutation had a global impact on receptor conformations, suggesting that the mutation site is a key region for allosteric modulation in CB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Díaz
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística
and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación
Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unitat
de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari,
Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí
(I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Pedro Renault
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística
and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación
Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unitat
de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari,
Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí
(I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - Jesús Giraldo
- Laboratory
of Molecular Neuropharmacology and Bioinformatics, Unitat de Bioestadística
and Institut de Neurociències, Universitat
Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
- Instituto
de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación
Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Unitat
de Neurociència Traslacional, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari,
Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí
(I3PT), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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32
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Obi P, Natesan S. Membrane Lipids Are an Integral Part of Transmembrane Allosteric Sites in GPCRs: A Case Study of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Bound to a Negative Allosteric Modulator, ORG27569, and Analogs. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12240-12255. [PMID: 36066412 PMCID: PMC9512009 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structures reveal novel transmembrane lipid-exposed allosteric sites. Ligands must first partition into the surrounding membrane and take lipid paths to these sites. Remarkably, a significant part of the bound ligands appears exposed to the membrane lipids. The experimental structures do not usually account for the surrounding lipids, and their apparent contribution to ligand access and binding is often overlooked and poorly understood. Using classical and enhanced molecular dynamics simulations, we show that membrane lipids are critical in the access and binding of ORG27569 and its analogs at the transmembrane site of cannabinoid CB1 receptor. The observed differences in the binding affinity and cooperativity arise from the functional groups that interact primarily with lipids. Our results demonstrate the significance of incorporating membrane lipids as an integral component of transmembrane sites for accurate characterization, binding-affinity calculations, and lead optimization in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Obi
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Senthil Natesan
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
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33
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Allosteric modulation of GPCRs: From structural insights to in silico drug discovery. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Paul SM, Yohn SE, Popiolek M, Miller AC, Felder CC. Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists as Novel Treatments for Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:611-627. [PMID: 35758639 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia remains a challenging disease to treat effectively with current antipsychotic medications due to their limited efficacy across the entire spectrum of core symptoms as well as their often burdensome side-effect profiles and poor tolerability. An unmet need remains for novel, mechanistically unique, and better tolerated therapeutic agents for treating schizophrenia, especially those that treat not only positive symptoms but also the negative and cognitive symptoms of the disease. Almost 25 years ago, the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist xanomeline was reported to reduce psychotic symptoms and improve cognition in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The antipsychotic and procognitive properties of xanomeline were subsequently confirmed in a small study of acutely psychotic patients with chronic schizophrenia. These unexpected clinical findings have prompted considerable efforts across academia and industry to target mAChRs as a new approach to potentially treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. The authors discuss recent advances in mAChR biology and pharmacology and the current understanding of the relative roles of the various mAChR subtypes, their downstream cellular effectors, and key neural circuits mediating the reduction in the core symptoms of schizophrenia in patients treated with xanomeline. They also provide an update on the status of novel mAChR agonists currently in development for potential treatment of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
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35
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García-Cárceles J, Vázquez-Villa H, Brea J, Ladron de Guevara-Miranda D, Cincilla G, Sánchez-Martínez M, Sánchez-Merino A, Algar S, Teresa de Los Frailes M, Roberts RS, Ballesteros JA, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Benhamú B, Loza MI, López-Rodríguez ML. 2-(Fluoromethoxy)-4'-( S-methanesulfonimidoyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (UCM-1306), an Orally Bioavailable Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Human Dopamine D 1 Receptor for Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12256-12272. [PMID: 36044544 PMCID: PMC9511493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Tolerance development caused by dopamine replacement
with l-DOPA and therapeutic drawbacks upon activation of
dopaminergic receptors
with orthosteric agonists reveal a significant unmet need for safe
and effective treatment of Parkinson’s disease. In search for
selective modulators of the D1 receptor, the screening
of a chemical library and subsequent medicinal chemistry program around
an identified hit resulted in new synthetic compound 26 [UCM-1306, 2-(fluoromethoxy)-4′-(S-methanesulfonimidoyl)-1,1′-biphenyl]
that increases the dopamine maximal effect in a dose-dependent manner
in human and mouse D1 receptors, is inactive in the absence
of dopamine, modulates dopamine affinity for the receptor, exhibits
subtype selectivity, and displays low binding competition with orthosteric
ligands. The new allosteric modulator potentiates cocaine-induced
locomotion and enhances l-DOPA recovery of decreased locomotor
activity in reserpinized mice after oral administration. The behavior
of compound 26 supports the interest of a positive allosteric
modulator of the D1 receptor as a promising therapeutic
approach for Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier García-Cárceles
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henar Vázquez-Villa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Brea
- Biofarma Research Group, USEF Screening Platform, CIMUS, USC, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Giovanni Cincilla
- Molomics S.L., Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 4-8, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anabel Sánchez-Merino
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Algar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Teresa de Los Frailes
- Fundación Kærtor, Edificio EMPRENDIA, Planta 2, Oficina 4. Campus Vida, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Richard S Roberts
- Fundación Kærtor, Edificio EMPRENDIA, Planta 2, Oficina 4. Campus Vida, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Bellinda Benhamú
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Loza
- Biofarma Research Group, USEF Screening Platform, CIMUS, USC, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Fundación Kærtor, Edificio EMPRENDIA, Planta 2, Oficina 4. Campus Vida, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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36
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Ferranti AS, Foster DJ. Cannabinoid type-2 receptors: An emerging target for regulating schizophrenia-relevant brain circuits. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:925792. [PMID: 36033626 PMCID: PMC9403189 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.925792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2) is highly expressed in the immune system, emerging evidence points to CB2 playing a key role in regulating neuronal function in the central nervous system. Recent anatomical studies, combined with electrophysiological studies, indicate that CB2 receptors are expressed in specific dopaminergic and glutamatergic brain circuits that are hyperactive in schizophrenia patients. The ability of CB2 receptors to inhibit dopaminergic and hippocampal circuits, combined with the anti-inflammatory effects of CB2 receptor activation, make this receptor an intriguing target for treating schizophrenia, a disease where novel interventions that move beyond dopamine receptor antagonists are desperately needed. The development of new CB2-related pharmacological and genetic tools, including the first small molecule positive allosteric modulator of CB2 receptors, has greatly advanced our understanding of this receptor. While more work is needed to further elucidate the translational value of selectively targeting CB2 receptors with respect to schizophrenia, the studies discussed below could suggest that CB2 receptors are anatomically located in schizophrenia-relevant circuits, where the physiological consequence of CB2 receptor activation could correct circuit-based deficits commonly associated with positive and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. Ferranti
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Daniel J. Foster
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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37
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Wall MJ, Hill E, Huckstepp R, Barkan K, Deganutti G, Leuenberger M, Preti B, Winfield I, Carvalho S, Suchankova A, Wei H, Safitri D, Huang X, Imlach W, La Mache C, Dean E, Hume C, Hayward S, Oliver J, Zhao FY, Spanswick D, Reynolds CA, Lochner M, Ladds G, Frenguelli BG. Selective activation of Gαob by an adenosine A 1 receptor agonist elicits analgesia without cardiorespiratory depression. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4150. [PMID: 35851064 PMCID: PMC9293909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of therapeutic agonists for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is hampered by the propensity of GPCRs to couple to multiple intracellular signalling pathways. This promiscuous coupling leads to numerous downstream cellular effects, some of which are therapeutically undesirable. This is especially the case for adenosine A1 receptors (A1Rs) whose clinical potential is undermined by the sedation and cardiorespiratory depression caused by conventional agonists. We have discovered that the A1R-selective agonist, benzyloxy-cyclopentyladenosine (BnOCPA), is a potent and powerful analgesic but does not cause sedation, bradycardia, hypotension or respiratory depression. This unprecedented discrimination between native A1Rs arises from BnOCPA's unique and exquisitely selective activation of Gob among the six Gαi/o subtypes, and in the absence of β-arrestin recruitment. BnOCPA thus demonstrates a highly-specific Gα-selective activation of the native A1R, sheds new light on GPCR signalling, and reveals new possibilities for the development of novel therapeutics based on the far-reaching concept of selective Gα agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Wall
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Emily Hill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Robert Huckstepp
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kerry Barkan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences (CSELS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Michele Leuenberger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Preti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ian Winfield
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Sabrina Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Anna Suchankova
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | | | - Dewi Safitri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Xianglin Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Wendy Imlach
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Circe La Mache
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Eve Dean
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Cherise Hume
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Stephanie Hayward
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Jess Oliver
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - David Spanswick
- NeuroSolutions Ltd, Coventry, UK
- Department of Physiology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Christopher A Reynolds
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences (CSELS), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 2DS, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Martin Lochner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Graham Ladds
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, UK.
| | - Bruno G Frenguelli
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Rd, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Luessen DJ, Conn PJ. Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors as Novel Therapeutics for Neuropsychiatric Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:630-661. [PMID: 35710132 PMCID: PMC9553119 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors, a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, have been identified as novel therapeutic targets based on extensive research supporting their diverse contributions to cell signaling and physiology throughout the nervous system and important roles in regulating complex behaviors, such as cognition, reward, and movement. Thus, targeting mGlu receptors may be a promising strategy for the treatment of several brain disorders. Ongoing advances in the discovery of subtype-selective allosteric modulators for mGlu receptors has provided an unprecedented opportunity for highly specific modulation of signaling by individual mGlu receptor subtypes in the brain by targeting sites distinct from orthosteric or endogenous ligand binding sites on mGlu receptors. These pharmacological agents provide the unparalleled opportunity to selectively regulate neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission, and subsequent behavioral output pertinent to many brain disorders. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the utility of mGlu receptor allosteric modulators as novel therapeutic approaches to treat neuropsychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, substance use disorders, and stress-related disorders.
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Liauw BWH, Foroutan A, Schamber MR, Lu W, Samareh Afsari H, Vafabakhsh R. Conformational fingerprinting of allosteric modulators in metabotropic glutamate receptor 2. eLife 2022; 11:78982. [PMID: 35775730 PMCID: PMC9299836 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is an allosteric process. It involves conformational coupling between the orthosteric ligand binding site and the G protein binding site. Factors that bind at non-cognate ligand binding sites to alter the allosteric activation process are classified as allosteric modulators and represent a promising class of therapeutics with distinct modes of binding and action. For many receptors, how modulation of signaling is represented at the structural level is unclear. Here, we developed FRET sensors to quantify receptor modulation at each of the three structural domains of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2). We identified the conformational fingerprint for several allosteric modulators in live cells. This approach enabled us to derive a receptor-centric representation of allosteric modulation and to correlate structural modulation to the standard signaling modulation metrics. Single-molecule FRET analysis revealed that a NAM increases the occupancy of one of the intermediate states while a PAM increases the occupancy of the active state. Moreover, we found that the effect of allosteric modulators on the receptor dynamics is complex and depend on the orthosteric ligand. Collectively, our findings provide a structural mechanism of allosteric modulation in mGluR2 and suggest possible strategies for design of future modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Foroutan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Michael R Schamber
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Weifeng Lu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | | | - Reza Vafabakhsh
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
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40
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Ojima K, Kakegawa W, Yamasaki T, Miura Y, Itoh M, Michibata Y, Kubota R, Doura T, Miura E, Nonaka H, Mizuno S, Takahashi S, Yuzaki M, Hamachi I, Kiyonaka S. Coordination chemogenetics for activation of GPCR-type glutamate receptors in brain tissue. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3167. [PMID: 35710788 PMCID: PMC9203742 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct activation of cell-surface receptors is highly desirable for elucidating their physiological roles. A potential approach for cell-type-specific activation of a receptor subtype is chemogenetics, in which both point mutagenesis of the receptors and designed ligands are used. However, ligand-binding properties are affected in most cases. Here, we developed a chemogenetic method for direct activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGlu1), which plays essential roles in cerebellar functions in the brain. Our screening identified a mGlu1 mutant, mGlu1(N264H), that was activated directly by palladium complexes. A palladium complex showing low cytotoxicity successfully activated mGlu1 in mGlu1(N264H) knock-in mice, revealing that activation of endogenous mGlu1 is sufficient to evoke the critical cellular mechanism of synaptic plasticity, a basis of motor learning in the cerebellum. Moreover, cell-type-specific activation of mGlu1 was demonstrated successfully using adeno-associated viruses in mice, which shows the potential utility of this chemogenetics for clarifying the physiological roles of mGlu1 in a cell-type-specific manner. Cell-type-specific activation of receptors is desirable for elucidating their roles in tissues or animals. Here, the authors developed a chemogenetic method for direct activation of mGlu1, a GPCR-type glutamate receptor subtype, and demonstrate its use in mouse brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Ojima
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Kakegawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tokiwa Yamasaki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuta Miura
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yukiko Michibata
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Doura
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Eriko Miura
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Michisuke Yuzaki
- Department of Neurophysiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Kiyonaka
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan. .,Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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41
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Molecular mechanism of allosteric modulation for the cannabinoid receptor CB1. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:831-840. [DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Identification of Core Allosteric Sites through Temperature- and Nucleus-Invariant Chemical Shift Covariance. Biophys J 2022; 121:2035-2045. [PMID: 35538664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosteric regulation is essential to control biological function. In addition, allosteric sites offer a promising venue for selective drug targeting. However, accurate mapping of allosteric sites remains challenging since allostery relies on often subtle, yet functionally relevant, structural and dynamical changes. A viable approach proposed to overcome such challenge is the chemical shift covariance analysis (CHESCA). Although CHESCA offers an exhaustive map of allosteric networks, it is critical to define the core allosteric sites to be prioritized in subsequent functional studies or the design of allosteric drugs. Here we propose two new CHESCA-based methodologies, called temperature CHESCA (T-CHESCA) and CLASS-CHESCA, aimed at narrowing down allosteric maps to the core allosteric residues. Both T- and CLASS-CHESCAs rely on the invariance of core inter-residue correlations to changes in the chemical shifts of the active and inactive conformations interconverting in fast exchange. In the T-CHESCA the chemical shifts of such states are modulated through temperature changes, while in the CLASS-CHESCA through variations in the spin-active nuclei involved in pairwise correlations. The T- and CLASS-CHESCAs as well as complete-linkage CHESCA were applied to the cAMP-binding domain of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC), which serves as a prototypical allosteric switch. Residues consistently identified by the three CHESCA methods were found in previously identified EPAC allosteric core sites. Hence, the T-, CLASS- and CL-CHESCA provide a toolset to establish allosteric site hierarchy and triage allosteric sites to be further analyzed by mutations and functional assays. Furthermore, the core allosteric networks selectively revealed through T- and CLASS-CHESCA are expected to facilitate the mechanistic understanding of disease-related mutations and the design of selective allosteric modulators.
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43
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Targeting the M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuronal Signal 2022; 6:NS20210004. [PMID: 35571495 PMCID: PMC9069568 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and despite extensive research, only a few drugs are available for management of the disease. One strategy has been to up-regulate cholinergic neurotransmission to improve cognitive function, but this approach has dose-limiting adverse effects. To avoid these adverse effects, new drugs that target specific receptor subtypes of the cholinergic system are needed, and the M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (M1-mAChR) has been shown to be a good target for this approach. By using several strategies, M1-mAChR ligands have been developed and trialled in preclinical animal models and in human studies, with varying degrees of success. This article reviews the different approaches to targeting the M1-mAChR in AD and discusses the advantages and limitations of these strategies. The factors to consider in targeting the M1-mAChR in AD are also discussed.
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Xia J, Dou Y, Mei Y, Munoz FM, Gao R, Gao X, Li D, Osei-Owusu P, Schiffenhaus J, Bekker A, Tao YX, Hu H. Orai1 is a crucial downstream partner of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling in dorsal horn neurons. Pain 2022; 163:652-664. [PMID: 34252911 PMCID: PMC8741882 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (group I mGluRs) have been implicated in several central nervous system diseases including chronic pain. It is known that activation of group I mGluRs results in the production of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol that leads to activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and an increase in neuronal excitability, but how group I mGluRs mediate this process remains unclear. We previously reported that Orai1 is responsible for store-operated calcium entry and plays a key role in central sensitization. However, how Orai1 is activated under physiological conditions is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that group I mGluRs recruit Orai1 as part of its downstream signaling pathway in dorsal horn neurons. We demonstrate that neurotransmitter glutamate induces STIM1 puncta formation, which is not mediated by N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Glutamate-induced Ca2+ entry in the presence of NMDA or AMPA receptor antagonists is eliminated in Orai1-deficient neurons. Dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) (an agonist of group I mGluRs)-induced Ca2+ entry is abolished by Orai1 deficiency, but not affected by knocking down of transient receptor potential cation channel 1 (TRPC1) or TRPC3. Dihydroxyphenylglycine-induced activation of ERKs and modulation of neuronal excitability are abolished in cultured Orai1-deficient neurons. Moreover, DHPG-induced nociceptive behavior is markedly reduced in Orai1-deficient mice. Our findings reveal previously unknown functional coupling between Orai1 and group I mGluRs and shed light on the mechanism underlying group I mGluRs-mediated neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Yannong Dou
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Yixiao Mei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Frances M. Munoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Ruby Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Daling Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - James Schiffenhaus
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Huijuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
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Lago SG, Bahn S. The druggable schizophrenia genome: from repurposing opportunities to unexplored drug targets. NPJ Genom Med 2022; 7:25. [PMID: 35338153 PMCID: PMC8956592 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-022-00290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been no new drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia in several decades and treatment resistance represents a major unmet clinical need. The drugs that exist are based on serendipitous clinical observations rather than an evidence-based understanding of disease pathophysiology. In the present review, we address these bottlenecks by integrating common, rare, and expression-related schizophrenia risk genes with knowledge of the druggability of the human genome as a whole. We highlight novel drug repurposing opportunities, clinical trial candidates which are supported by genetic evidence, and unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the lesser-known regions of the schizophrenia genome. By identifying translational gaps and opportunities across the schizophrenia disease space, we discuss a framework for translating increasingly well-powered genetic association studies into personalized treatments for schizophrenia and initiating the vital task of characterizing clinically relevant drug targets in underexplored regions of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago G Lago
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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46
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Lymperopoulos A, Suster MS, Borges JI. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Receptors and Cardiovascular Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063303. [PMID: 35328722 PMCID: PMC8952772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing experimental and clinical evidence points toward a very important role for the gut microbiome and its associated metabolism in human health and disease, including in cardiovascular disorders. Free fatty acids (FFAs) are metabolically produced and utilized as energy substrates during almost every biological process in the human body. Contrary to long- and medium-chain FFAs, which are mainly synthesized from dietary triglycerides, short-chain FFAs (SCFAs) derive from the gut microbiota-mediated fermentation of indigestible dietary fiber. Originally thought to serve only as energy sources, FFAs are now known to act as ligands for a specific group of cell surface receptors called FFA receptors (FFARs), thereby inducing intracellular signaling to exert a variety of cellular and tissue effects. All FFARs are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that play integral roles in the regulation of metabolism, immunity, inflammation, hormone/neurotransmitter secretion, etc. Four different FFAR types are known to date, with FFAR1 (formerly known as GPR40) and FFAR4 (formerly known as GPR120) mediating long- and medium-chain FFA actions, while FFAR3 (formerly GPR41) and FFAR2 (formerly GPR43) are essentially the SCFA receptors (SCFARs), responding to all SCFAs, including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. As with various other organ systems/tissues, the important roles the SCFARs (FFAR2 and FFAR3) play in physiology and in various disorders of the cardiovascular system have been revealed over the last fifteen years. In this review, we discuss the cardiovascular implications of some key (patho)physiological functions of SCFAR signaling pathways, particularly those regulating the neurohormonal control of circulation and adipose tissue homeostasis. Wherever appropriate, we also highlight the potential of these receptors as therapeutic targets for cardiovascular disorders.
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47
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Thomsen M, Crittenden JR, Lindsley CW, Graybiel AM. Effects of acute and repeated administration of the selective M 4 PAM VU0152099 on cocaine versus food choice in male rats. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13145. [PMID: 35229940 PMCID: PMC9162150 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ligands that stimulate muscarinic acetylcholine receptors 1 and 4 (M1 , M4 ) have shown promising effects as putative pharmacotherapy for cocaine use disorder in rodent assays. We have previously shown reductions in cocaine effects with acute M4 stimulation, as well as long-lasting, delayed reductions in cocaine taking and cocaine seeking with combined M1 /M4 receptor stimulation or with M1 stimulation alone. M4 stimulation opposes dopaminergic signalling acutely, but direct dopamine receptor antagonists have proved unhelpful in managing cocaine use disorder because they lose efficacy with long-term administration. It is therefore critical to determine whether M4 approaches themselves can remain effective with repeated or chronic dosing. We assessed the effects of repeated administration of the M4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) VU0152099 in rats trained to choose between intravenous cocaine and a liquid food reinforcer to obtain quantitative measurement of whether M4 stimulation could produce delayed and lasting reduction in cocaine taking. VU0152099 produced progressively augmenting suppression of cocaine choice and cocaine intake, but produced neither rebound nor lasting effects after treatment ended. To compare and contrast effects of M1 versus M4 stimulation, we tested whether the M4 PAM VU0152100 suppressed cocaine self-administration in mice lacking CalDAG-GEFI signalling factor, required for M1 -mediated suppression of cocaine self-administration. CalDAG-GEFI ablation had no effect on M4 -mediated suppression of cocaine self-administration. These findings support the potential usefulness of M4 PAMs as pharmacotherapy to manage cocaine use disorder, alone or in combination with M1 -selective ligands, and show that M1 and M4 stimulation modulate cocaine-taking behaviour by distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Thomsen
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Division of Basic Research, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA,Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jill R. Crittenden
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Program in Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center (Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network; MLPCN), Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ann M. Graybiel
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Termine A, Fabrizio C, Strafella C, Caputo V, Petrosini L, Caltagirone C, Cascella R, Giardina E. A Hybrid Machine Learning and Network Analysis Approach Reveals Two Parkinson's Disease Subtypes from 115 RNA-Seq Post-Mortem Brain Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2557. [PMID: 35269707 PMCID: PMC8910747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine emphasizes fine-grained diagnostics, taking individual variability into account to enhance treatment effectiveness. Parkinson’s disease (PD) heterogeneity among individuals proves the existence of disease subtypes, so subgrouping patients is vital for better understanding disease mechanisms and designing precise treatment. The purpose of this study was to identify PD subtypes using RNA-Seq data in a combined pipeline including unsupervised machine learning, bioinformatics, and network analysis. Two hundred and ten post mortem brain RNA-Seq samples from PD (n = 115) and normal controls (NCs, n = 95) were obtained with systematic data retrieval following PRISMA statements and a fully data-driven clustering pipeline was performed to identify PD subtypes. Bioinformatics and network analyses were performed to characterize the disease mechanisms of the identified PD subtypes and to identify target genes for drug repurposing. Two PD clusters were identified and 42 DEGs were found (p adjusted ≤ 0.01). PD clusters had significantly different gene network structures (p < 0.0001) and phenotype-specific disease mechanisms, highlighting the differential involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulating adult neurogenesis. NEUROD1 was identified as a key regulator of gene networks and ISX9 and PD98059 were identified as NEUROD1-interacting compounds with disease-modifying potential, reducing the effects of dopaminergic neurodegeneration. This hybrid data analysis approach could enable precision medicine applications by providing insights for the identification and characterization of pathological subtypes. This workflow has proven useful on PD brain RNA-Seq, but its application to other neurodegenerative diseases is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Termine
- Data Science Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Carlo Fabrizio
- Data Science Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudia Strafella
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (V.C.)
| | - Valerio Caputo
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (V.C.)
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Laura Petrosini
- Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation c/o CERC, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Cascella
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, 1000 Tirana, Albania
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy; (C.S.); (V.C.)
- UILDM Lazio ONLUS Foundation, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Hao J, Beck J, Zhou X, Lackner GL, Johnston R, Reinhard M, Goldsmith P, Hollinshead S, Dehlinger V, Filla SA, Wang XS, Richardson J, Posada M, Mohutsky M, Schober D, Katner JS, Chen Q, Hu B, Remick DM, Coates DA, Mathes BM, Hawk MK, Svensson KA, Hembre E. Synthesis and Preclinical Characterization of LY3154885, a Human Dopamine D1 Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator with an Improved Nonclinical Drug-Drug Interaction Risk Profile. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3786-3797. [PMID: 35175768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Results from recently completed clinical studies suggest the dopamine D1 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM) mevidalen (1) could offer unique value for lewy body dementia (LBD) patients. In nonclinical assessments, 1 was mainly eliminated by CYP3A4-mediated metabolism, therefore at the risk of being a victim of drug-drug interactions (DDI) with CYP3A4 inhibitors and inducers. An effort was initiated to identify a new D1 PAM with an improved DDI risk profile. While attempts to introduce additional metabolic pathways mediated by other CYP isoforms failed to provide molecules with an acceptable profile, we discovered that the relative contribution of CYP-mediated oxidation and UGT-mediated conjugation could be tuned to reduce the CYP3A4-mediated victim DDI risk. We have identified LY3154885 (5), a D1 PAM that possesses similar in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic properties as 1, but is metabolized mainly by UGT, predicting it could potentially offer lower victim DDI risk in clinic.
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50
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Drug Design Targeting the Muscarinic Receptors and the Implications in Central Nervous System Disorders. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020398. [PMID: 35203607 PMCID: PMC8962391 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that cholinergic system function impairment plays a significant role in many central nervous system (CNS) disorders. During the past three decades, muscarinic receptors (mAChRs) have been implicated in various pathologies and have been prominent targets of drug-design efforts. However, due to the high sequence homology of the orthosteric binding site, many drug candidates resulted in limited clinical success. Although several advances in treating peripheral pathologies have been achieved, targeting CNS pathologies remains challenging for researchers. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in recent years to develop functionally selective orthosteric and allosteric ligands targeting the mAChRs with limited side effect profiles. This review highlights past efforts and focuses on recent advances in drug design targeting these receptors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), schizophrenia (SZ), and depression.
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