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Xu L, Yang Q, Zhou J. Mechanisms of Abnormal Lipid Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8465. [PMID: 39126035 PMCID: PMC11312913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is a critical component in preserving homeostasis and health, and lipids are significant chemicals involved in energy metabolism in living things. With the growing interest in lipid metabolism in recent years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated the close relationship between abnormalities in lipid metabolism and the development of numerous human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and endocrine system diseases. Thus, understanding how aberrant lipid metabolism contributes to the development of related diseases and how it works offers a theoretical foundation for treating and preventing related human diseases as well as new avenues for the targeted treatment of related diseases. Therefore, we discuss the processes of aberrant lipid metabolism in various human diseases in this review, including diseases of the cardiovascular system, neurodegenerative diseases, endocrine system diseases (such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus), and other diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinghua Zhou
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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2
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Sun Y, Chen S, Hou Y, Kang SH, Lin JM. Organelle Proximity Analysis for Enhanced Quantification of Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Interactions in Single Cells via Super-Resolution Microscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11557-11565. [PMID: 38959297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria (MT) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) maintain lipid and calcium homeostasis through membrane contacts, particularly MT-ER contacts (MERCs), spanning distances from 10 to 50 nm. However, the variation of different distance ranges and the metabolic factors influencing this variation remain poorly understood. This study employed microfluidic chip-based super-resolution microscopy in conjunction with a Moore-Neighbor tracing-incorporated organelle proximity analysis algorithm. This approach enabled precise three-dimensional localization of single-fluorescence protein molecules within narrow and irregular membrane proximities. It achieved lateral localization precision of less than 20 nm, resulting in a minimum MERC distance of approximately 8 nm in spatial and mean distances across multiple threshold ranges. Additionally, we demonstrated that the MERC distance variation was correlated with MT size rather than ER width. The proportion of each distance range varied significantly after the stimuli. Free cholesterol showed a negative correlation with various distances, while distances of 10-30 nm were associated with glucose, glutamine, and pyruvic acid. Furthermore, the 30-40 nm range was influenced by citric acid. These results underscore the role of advanced subcellular organelle analysis in elucidating the single-molecule behavior and organelle morphology in single-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shiyu Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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3
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Leal H, Carvalhas-Almeida C, Álvaro AR, Cavadas C. Modeling hypothalamic pathophysiology in vitro for metabolic, circadian, and sleep disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:505-517. [PMID: 38307813 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamus, a small and intricate brain structure, orchestrates numerous neuroendocrine functions through specialized neurons and nuclei. Disruption of this complex circuitry can result in various diseases, including metabolic, circadian, and sleep disorders. Advances in in vitro models and their integration with new technologies have significantly benefited research on hypothalamic function and pathophysiology. We explore existing in vitro hypothalamic models and address their challenges and limitations as well as translational findings. We also highlight how collaborative efforts among multidisciplinary teams are essential to develop relevant and translational experimental models capable of replicating intricate neural circuits and neuroendocrine pathways, thereby advancing our understanding of therapeutic targets and drug discovery in hypothalamus-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Carvalhas-Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Álvaro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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4
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Haynes PR, Pyfrom ES, Li Y, Stein C, Cuddapah VA, Jacobs JA, Yue Z, Sehgal A. A neuron-glia lipid metabolic cycle couples daily sleep to mitochondrial homeostasis. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:666-678. [PMID: 38360946 PMCID: PMC11001586 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is thought to be restorative to brain energy homeostasis, but it is not clear how this is achieved. We show here that Drosophila glia exhibit a daily cycle of glial mitochondrial oxidation and lipid accumulation that is dependent on prior wake and requires the Drosophila APOE orthologs NLaz and GLaz, which mediate neuron-glia lipid transfer. In turn, a full night of sleep is required for glial lipid clearance, mitochondrial oxidative recovery and maximal neuronal mitophagy. Knockdown of neuronal NLaz causes oxidative stress to accumulate in neurons, and the neuronal mitochondrial integrity protein, Drp1, is required for daily glial lipid accumulation. These data suggest that neurons avoid accumulation of oxidative mitochondrial damage during wake by using mitophagy and passing damage to glia in the form of lipids. We propose that a mitochondrial lipid metabolic cycle between neurons and glia reflects a fundamental function of sleep relevant for brain energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Haynes
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elana S Pyfrom
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yongjun Li
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carly Stein
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vishnu Anand Cuddapah
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jack A Jacobs
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhifeng Yue
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amita Sehgal
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Liu J, Tan J, Tang B, Guo J. Unveiling the role of iPLA 2β in neurodegeneration: From molecular mechanisms to advanced therapies. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107114. [PMID: 38395207 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Calcium-independent phospholipase A2β (iPLA2β), a member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2s) superfamily, is encoded by the PLA2G6 gene. Mutations in the PLA2G6 gene have been identified as the primary cause of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and, less commonly, as a contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD). Recent studies have revealed that iPLA2β deficiency leads to neuroinflammation, iron accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid dysregulation, and other pathological changes, forming a complex pathogenic network. These discoveries shed light on potential mechanisms underlying PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration (PLAN) and offer valuable insights for therapeutic development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental characteristics of iPLA2β, its association with neurodegeneration, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in PLAN, and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. It offers an overview of the latest advancements in this field, aiming to contribute to ongoing research endeavors and facilitate the development of effective therapies for PLAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jifeng Guo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Centre for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Grossmann D, Malburg N, Glaß H, Weeren V, Sondermann V, Pfeiffer JF, Petters J, Lukas J, Seibler P, Klein C, Grünewald A, Hermann A. Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Contact Sites Dynamics and Calcium Homeostasis Are Differentially Disrupted in PINK1-PD or PRKN-PD Neurons. Mov Disord 2023; 38:1822-1836. [PMID: 37449534 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally believed that the pathogenesis of PINK1/parkin-related Parkinson's disease (PD) is due to a disturbance in mitochondrial quality control. However, recent studies have found that PINK1 and Parkin play a significant role in mitochondrial calcium homeostasis and are involved in the regulation of mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contact sites (MERCSs). OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to perform an in-depth analysis of the role of MERCSs and impaired calcium homeostasis in PINK1/Parkin-linked PD. METHODS In our study, we used induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons from patients with PD with loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 or PRKN. We employed a split-GFP-based contact site sensor in combination with the calcium-sensitive dye Rhod-2 AM and applied Airyscan live-cell super-resolution microscopy to determine how MERCSs are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis. RESULTS Our results showed that thapsigargin-induced calcium stress leads to an increase of the abundance of narrow MERCSs in wild-type neurons. Intriguingly, calcium levels at the MERCSs remained stable, whereas the increased net calcium influx resulted in elevated mitochondrial calcium levels. However, PINK1-PD or PRKN-PD neurons showed an increased abundance of MERCSs at baseline, accompanied by an inability to further increase MERCSs upon thapsigargin-induced calcium stress. Consequently, calcium distribution at MERCSs and within mitochondria was disrupted. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated how the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria work together to cope with calcium stress in wild-type neurons. In addition, our results suggests that PRKN deficiency affects the dynamics and composition of MERCSs differently from PINK1 deficiency, resulting in differentially affected calcium homeostasis. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Grossmann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Malburg
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hannes Glaß
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Veronika Weeren
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Verena Sondermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julia F Pfeiffer
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Janine Petters
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Lukas
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philip Seibler
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht Kossel," Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
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Rathor P, Ch R. Metabolic Basis of Circadian Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1294. [PMID: 37887004 PMCID: PMC10604297 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. The management of PD is a challenging aspect for general physicians and neurologists. It is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons. Impaired α-synuclein secretion and dopamine release may cause mitochondrial dysfunction and perturb energy metabolism, subsequently altering the activity and survival of dopaminergic neurons, thus perpetuating the neurodegenerative process in PD. While the etiology of PD remains multifactorial, emerging research indicates a crucial role of circadian dysfunction in its pathogenesis. Researchers have revealed that circadian dysfunction and sleep disorders are common among PD subjects and disruption of circadian rhythms can increase the risk of PD. Hence, understanding the findings of circadian biology from translational research in PD is important for reducing the risk of neurodegeneration and for improving the quality of life. In this review, we discuss the intricate relationship between circadian dysfunction in cellular metabolism and PD by summarizing the evidence from animal models and human studies. Understanding the metabolic basis of circadian dysfunction in PD may shed light on novel therapeutic approaches to restore circadian rhythm, preserve dopaminergic function, and ameliorate disease progression. Further investigation into the complex interplay between circadian rhythm and PD pathogenesis is essential for the development of targeted therapies and interventions to alleviate the burden of this debilitating neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rathor
- Metabolomics Lab, CSIR—Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India;
- Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (ACSIR), Gaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ratnasekhar Ch
- Metabolomics Lab, CSIR—Central Institute of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India;
- Academy of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (ACSIR), Gaziabad 201002, India
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
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Flores-Leon M, Outeiro TF. More than meets the eye in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies: from proteinopathy to lipidopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:369-385. [PMID: 37421475 PMCID: PMC10412683 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of proteinaceous inclusions in the brain is a common feature among neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The main neuropathological hallmark of PD and DLB are inclusions, known as Lewy bodies (LBs), enriched not only in α-synuclein (aSyn), but also in lipid species, organelles, membranes, and even nucleic acids. Furthermore, several genetic risk factors for PD are mutations in genes involved in lipid metabolism, such as GBA1, VSP35, or PINK1. Thus, it is not surprising that mechanisms that have been implicated in PD, such as inflammation, altered intracellular and vesicular trafficking, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in the protein degradation systems, may be also directly or indirectly connected through lipid homeostasis. In this review, we highlight and discuss the recent evidence that suggests lipid biology as important drivers of PD, and which require renovated attention by neuropathologists. Particularly, we address the implication of lipids in aSyn accumulation and in the spreading of aSyn pathology, in mitochondrial dysfunction, and in ER stress. Together, this suggests we should broaden the view of PD not only as a proteinopathy but also as a lipidopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Flores-Leon
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Göttingen, Germany.
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- Scientific Employee with an Honorary Contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany.
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Thangaleela S, Sivamaruthi BS, Kesika P, Mariappan S, Rashmi S, Choeisoongnern T, Sittiprapaporn P, Chaiyasut C. Neurological Insights into Sleep Disorders in Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1202. [PMID: 37626558 PMCID: PMC10452387 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common multidimensional neurological disorder characterized by motor and non-motor features and is more prevalent in the elderly. Sleep disorders and cognitive disturbances are also significant characteristics of PD. Sleep is an important physiological process for normal human cognition and physical functioning. Sleep deprivation negatively impacts human physical, mental, and behavioral functions. Sleep disturbances include problems falling asleep, disturbances occurring during sleep, abnormal movements during sleep, insufficient sleep, and excessive sleep. The most recognizable and known sleep disorders, such as rapid-eye-movement behavior disorder (RBD), insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), restless legs syndrome (RLS), sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs), and circadian-rhythm-related sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs), have been associated with PD. RBD and associated emotional disorders are common non-motor symptoms of PD. In individuals, sleep disorders and cognitive impairment are important prognostic factors for predicting progressing neurodegeneration and developing dementia conditions in PD. Studies have focused on RBD and its associated neurological changes and functional deficits in PD patients. Other risks, such as cognitive decline, anxiety, and depression, are related to RBD. Sleep-disorder diagnosis is challenging, especially in identifying the essential factors that disturb the sleep-wake cycle and the co-existence of other concomitant sleep issues, motor symptoms, and breathing disorders. Focusing on sleep patterns and their disturbances, including genetic and other neurochemical changes, helps us to better understand the central causes of sleep alterations and cognitive functions in PD patients. Relations between α-synuclein aggregation in the brain and gender differences in sleep disorders have been reported. The existing correlation between sleep disorders and levels of α-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid indicates the risk of progression of synucleinopathies. Multidirectional approaches are required to correlate sleep disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms and diagnose sensitive biomarkers for neurodegeneration. The evaluation of sleep pattern disturbances and cognitive impairment may aid in the development of novel and effective treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Thangaleela
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (B.S.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (B.S.S.); (P.K.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (B.S.S.); (P.K.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Subramanian Rashmi
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (B.S.S.); (P.K.)
| | - Thiwanya Choeisoongnern
- Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn
- Neuropsychological Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Center, School of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (S.T.); (B.S.S.); (P.K.)
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Lin K, Cheng W, Shen Q, Wang H, Wang R, Guo S, Wu X, Wu W, Chen P, Wang Y, Ye H, Zhang Q, Wang R. Lipid Profiling Reveals Lipidomic Signatures of Weight Loss Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071784. [PMID: 37049623 PMCID: PMC10097218 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic all around the world. Weight loss interventions that are effective differ from each other with regard to various lipidomic responses. Here, we aimed to find lipidomic biomarkers that are related to beneficial changes in weight loss. We adopted an untargeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to measure 953 lipid species for Exercise (exercise intervention cohort, N = 25), 1388 lipid species for LSG (laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy cohort, N = 36), and 886 lipid species for Cushing (surgical removal of the ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas cohort, N = 25). Overall, the total diacylglycerol (DG), triacylglycerol (TG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), and sphingomyelin (SM) levels were associated with changes in BMI, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride, and total cholesterol according to weight loss interventions. We found that 73 lipid species changed among the three weight loss interventions. We screened 13 lipid species with better predictive accuracy in diagnosing weight loss situations in either Exercise, LSG, or Cushing cohorts (AUROC > 0.7). More importantly, we identified three phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid species, PC (14:0_18:3), PC (31:1), and PC (32:2) that were significantly associated with weight change in three studies. Our results highlight potential lipidomic biomarkers that, in the future, could be used in personalized approaches involving weight loss interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Lin
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Yangpu Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Qiwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruwen Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xianmin Wu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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11
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Popovic R, Mukherjee A, Leal NS, Morris L, Yu Y, Loh SHY, Miguel Martins L. Blocking dPerk in the intestine suppresses neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:206. [PMID: 36949073 PMCID: PMC10033872 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by selective death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain and motor function impairment. Gastrointestinal issues often precede motor deficits in PD, indicating that the gut-brain axis is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The features of PD include both mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). PINK1 is a mitochondrial kinase involved in the recycling of defective mitochondria, and PINK1 mutations cause early-onset PD. Like PD patients, pink1 mutant Drosophila show degeneration of DA neurons and intestinal dysfunction. These mutant flies also lack vital proteins due to sustained activation of the kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (dPerk), a kinase that induces the UPR. Here, we investigated the role of dPerk in intestinal dysfunction. We showed that intestinal expression of dPerk impairs mitochondrial function, induces cell death, and decreases lifespan. We found that suppressing dPerk in the intestine of pink1-mutant flies rescues intestinal cell death and is neuroprotective. We conclude that in a fly model of PD, blocking gut-brain transmission of UPR-mediated toxicity, is neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Popovic
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Lydia Morris
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yizhou Yu
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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12
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Balusu S, Praschberger R, Lauwers E, De Strooper B, Verstreken P. Neurodegeneration cell per cell. Neuron 2023; 111:767-786. [PMID: 36787752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The clinical definition of neurodegenerative diseases is based on symptoms that reflect terminal damage of specific brain regions. This is misleading as it tells little about the initial disease processes. Circuitry failures that underlie the clinical symptomatology are themselves preceded by clinically mostly silent, slowly progressing multicellular processes that trigger or are triggered by the accumulation of abnormally folded proteins such as Aβ, Tau, TDP-43, and α-synuclein, among others. Methodological advances in single-cell omics, combined with complex genetics and novel ways to model complex cellular interactions using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, make it possible to analyze the early cellular phase of neurodegenerative disorders. This will revolutionize the way we study those diseases and will translate into novel diagnostics and cell-specific therapeutic targets, stopping these disorders in their early track before they cause difficult-to-reverse damage to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Balusu
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Roman Praschberger
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elsa Lauwers
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium; UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK.
| | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
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13
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Praschberger R, Kuenen S, Schoovaerts N, Kaempf N, Singh J, Janssens J, Swerts J, Nachman E, Calatayud C, Aerts S, Poovathingal S, Verstreken P. Neuronal identity defines α-synuclein and tau toxicity. Neuron 2023; 111:1577-1590.e11. [PMID: 36948206 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic α-synuclein and tau are critical drivers of neurodegeneration, and their mutations cause neuronal loss in patients. Whether the underlying preferential neuronal vulnerability is a cell-type-intrinsic property or a consequence of increased expression levels remains elusive. Here, we explore cell-type-specific α-synuclein and tau expression in human brain datasets and use deep phenotyping as well as brain-wide single-cell RNA sequencing of >200 live neuron types in fruit flies to determine which cellular environments react most to α-synuclein or tau toxicity. We detect phenotypic and transcriptomic evidence of differential neuronal vulnerability independent of α-synuclein or tau expression levels. Comparing vulnerable with resilient neurons in Drosophila enabled us to predict numerous human neuron subtypes with increased intrinsic susceptibility to pathogenic α-synuclein or tau. By uncovering synapse- and Ca2+ homeostasis-related genes as tau toxicity modifiers, our work paves the way to leverage neuronal identity to uncover modifiers of neurodegeneration-associated toxic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Praschberger
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sabine Kuenen
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nils Schoovaerts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie Kaempf
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeevanjot Singh
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasper Janssens
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Swerts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eliana Nachman
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carles Calatayud
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stein Aerts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Patrik Verstreken
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Jagtap YA, Kumar P, Kinger S, Dubey AR, Choudhary A, Gutti RK, Singh S, Jha HC, Poluri KM, Mishra A. Disturb mitochondrial associated proteostasis: Neurodegeneration and imperfect ageing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1146564. [PMID: 36968195 PMCID: PMC10036443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1146564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The disturbance in mitochondrial functions and homeostasis are the major features of neuron degenerative conditions, like Parkinson’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease, along with protein misfolding. The aberrantly folded proteins are known to link with impaired mitochondrial pathways, further contributing to disease pathogenesis. Despite their central significance, the implications of mitochondrial homeostasis disruption on other organelles and cellular processes remain insufficiently explored. Here, we have reviewed the dysfunction in mitochondrial physiology, under neuron degenerating conditions. The disease misfolded proteins impact quality control mechanisms of mitochondria, such as fission, fusion, mitophagy, and proteasomal clearance, to the detriment of neuron. The adversely affected mitochondrial functional roles, like oxidative phosphorylation, calcium homeostasis, and biomolecule synthesis as well as its axes and contacts with endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes are also discussed. Mitochondria sense and respond to multiple cytotoxic stress to make cell adapt and survive, though chronic dysfunction leads to cell death. Mitochondria and their proteins can be candidates for biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Investigation of internetworking between mitochondria and neurodegeneration proteins can enhance our holistic understanding of such conditions and help in designing more targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ankur Rakesh Dubey
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gutti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarika Singh
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Hem Chandra Jha
- Infection Bioengineering Group, Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Simrol, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
- *Correspondence: Amit Mishra,
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15
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New discoveries in ER-mitochondria communication. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:571-577. [PMID: 36892405 DOI: 10.1042/bst20221305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The study of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria communication is a vast and expanding field with many novel developments in the past few years. In this mini-review, we focus on several recent publications that identify novel functions of tether complexes, in particular autophagy regulation and lipid droplet biogenesis. We review novel findings that shed light on the role of triple contacts between ER and mitochondria with peroxisomes or lipid droplets as the third player. We also summarize recent findings on the role of ER-mitochondria contacts in human neurodegenerative diseases, which implicate either enhanced or reduced ER-mitochondria contacts in neurodegeneration. Taken together, the discussed studies highlight the need for further research into the role of triple organelle contacts, as well as into the exact mechanisms of increased and decreased ER-mitochondria contacts in neurodegeneration.
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16
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Circadian disruption and sleep disorders in neurodegeneration. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:8. [PMID: 36782262 PMCID: PMC9926748 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions of circadian rhythms and sleep cycles are common among neurodegenerative diseases and can occur at multiple levels. Accumulating evidence reveals a bidirectional relationship between disruptions of circadian rhythms and sleep cycles and neurodegenerative diseases. Circadian disruption and sleep disorders aggravate neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases can in turn disrupt circadian rhythms and sleep. Importantly, circadian disruption and various sleep disorders can increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, harnessing the circadian biology findings from preclinical and translational research in neurodegenerative diseases is of importance for reducing risk of neurodegeneration and improving symptoms and quality of life of individuals with neurodegenerative disorders via approaches that normalize circadian in the context of precision medicine. In this review, we discuss the implications of circadian disruption and sleep disorders in neurodegenerative diseases by summarizing evidence from both human and animal studies, focusing on the bidirectional links of sleep and circadian rhythms with prevalent forms of neurodegeneration. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and suggest a promising role of circadian-based interventions.
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17
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Aboufares El Alaoui A, Buhl E, Galizia S, Hodge JJL, de Vivo L, Bellesi M. Increased interaction between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria following sleep deprivation. BMC Biol 2023; 21:1. [PMID: 36600217 PMCID: PMC9814192 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged cellular activity may overload cell function, leading to high rates of protein synthesis and accumulation of misfolded or unassembled proteins, which cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to re-establish normal protein homeostasis. Previous molecular work has demonstrated that sleep deprivation (SD) leads to ER stress in neurons, with a number of ER-specific proteins being upregulated to maintain optimal cellular proteostasis. It is still not clear which cellular processes activated by sleep deprivation lead to ER- stress, but increased cellular metabolism, higher request for protein synthesis, and over production of oxygen radicals have been proposed as potential contributing factors. Here, we investigate the transcriptional and ultrastructural ER and mitochondrial modifications induced by sleep loss. RESULTS We used gene expression analysis in mouse forebrains to show that SD was associated with significant transcriptional modifications of genes involved in ER stress but also in ER-mitochondria interaction, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial respiratory activity. Using electron microscopy, we also showed that SD was associated with a general increase in the density of ER cisternae in pyramidal neurons of the motor cortex. Moreover, ER cisternae established new contact sites with mitochondria, the so-called mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs), important hubs for molecule shuttling, such as calcium and lipids, and for the modulation of ATP production and redox state. Finally, we demonstrated that Drosophila male mutant flies (elav > linker), in which the number of MAMs had been genetically increased, showed a reduction in the amount and consolidation of sleep without alterations in the homeostatic sleep response to SD. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that sleep loss induces ER stress characterized by increased crosstalk between ER and mitochondria. MAMs formation associated with SD could represent a key phenomenon for the modulation of multiple cellular processes that ensure appropriate responses to increased cell metabolism. In addition, MAMs establishment may play a role in the regulation of sleep under baseline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Aboufares El Alaoui
- grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy ,grid.5602.10000 0000 9745 6549School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Edgar Buhl
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sabrina Galizia
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - James J. L. Hodge
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Luisa de Vivo
- grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK ,grid.5602.10000 0000 9745 6549School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michele Bellesi
- grid.5602.10000 0000 9745 6549School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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18
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Asadpoordezaki Z, Coogan AN, Henley BM. Chronobiology of Parkinson's disease: Past, present and future. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:178-200. [PMID: 36342744 PMCID: PMC10099399 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder predominately affecting midbrain dopaminergic neurons that results in a broad range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Sleep complaints are among the most common non-motor symptoms, even in the prodromal period. Sleep alterations in Parkinson's disease patients may be associated with dysregulation of circadian rhythms, intrinsic 24-h cycles that control essential physiological functions, or with side effects from levodopa medication and physical and mental health challenges. The impact of circadian dysregulation on sleep disturbances in Parkinson's disease is not fully understood; as such, we review the systems, cellular and molecular mechanisms that may underlie circadian perturbations in Parkinson's disease. We also discuss the potential benefits of chronobiology-based personalized medicine in the management of Parkinson's disease both in terms of behavioural and pharmacological interventions. We propose that a fuller understanding of circadian clock function may shed important new light on the aetiology and symptomatology of the disease and may allow for improvements in the quality of life for the millions of people with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziba Asadpoordezaki
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Andrew N Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Beverley M Henley
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
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19
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Hewitt VL, Miller-Fleming L, Twyning MJ, Andreazza S, Mattedi F, Prudent J, Polleux F, Vagnoni A, Whitworth AJ. Decreasing pdzd8-mediated mito-ER contacts improves organismal fitness and mitigates Aβ 42 toxicity. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/11/e202201531. [PMID: 35831024 PMCID: PMC9279675 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCs) orchestrate many important cellular functions including regulating mitochondrial quality control through mitophagy and mediating mitochondrial calcium uptake. Here, we identify and functionally characterize the Drosophila ortholog of the recently identified mammalian MERC protein, Pdzd8. We find that reducing pdzd8-mediated MERCs in neurons slows age-associated decline in locomotor activity and increases lifespan in Drosophila. The protective effects of pdzd8 knockdown in neurons correlate with an increase in mitophagy, suggesting that increased mitochondrial turnover may support healthy aging of neurons. In contrast, increasing MERCs by expressing a constitutive, synthetic ER-mitochondria tether disrupts mitochondrial transport and synapse formation, accelerates age-related decline in locomotion, and reduces lifespan. Although depletion of pdzd8 prolongs the survival of flies fed with mitochondrial toxins, it is also sufficient to rescue locomotor defects of a fly model of Alzheimer's disease expressing Amyloid β42 (Aβ42). Together, our results provide the first in vivo evidence that MERCs mediated by the tethering protein pdzd8 play a critical role in the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and neuronal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Hewitt
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leonor Miller-Fleming
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Madeleine J Twyning
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simonetta Andreazza
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesca Mattedi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julien Prudent
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franck Polleux
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute for Brain Sciences, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alessio Vagnoni
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander J Whitworth
- Medical Research Council, Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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20
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Vaughen JP, Theisen E, Rivas-Serna IM, Berger AB, Kalakuntla P, Anreiter I, Mazurak VC, Rodriguez TP, Mast JD, Hartl T, Perlstein EO, Reimer RJ, Clandinin MT, Clandinin TR. Glial control of sphingolipid levels sculpts diurnal remodeling in a circadian circuit. Neuron 2022; 110:3186-3205.e7. [PMID: 35961319 PMCID: PMC10868424 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Structural plasticity in the brain often necessitates dramatic remodeling of neuronal processes, with attendant reorganization of the cytoskeleton and membranes. Although cytoskeletal restructuring has been studied extensively, how lipids might orchestrate structural plasticity remains unclear. We show that specific glial cells in Drosophila produce glucocerebrosidase (GBA) to locally catabolize sphingolipids. Sphingolipid accumulation drives lysosomal dysfunction, causing gba1b mutants to harbor protein aggregates that cycle across circadian time and are regulated by neural activity, the circadian clock, and sleep. Although the vast majority of membrane lipids are stable across the day, a specific subset that is highly enriched in sphingolipids cycles daily in a gba1b-dependent fashion. Remarkably, both sphingolipid biosynthesis and degradation are required for the diurnal remodeling of circadian clock neurites, which grow and shrink across the day. Thus, dynamic sphingolipid regulation by glia enables diurnal circuit remodeling and proper circadian behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Vaughen
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Emma Theisen
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irma Magaly Rivas-Serna
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Andrew B Berger
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prateek Kalakuntla
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ina Anreiter
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | | | - Joshua D Mast
- Perlara PBC, 2625 Alcatraz Ave #435, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
| | - Tom Hartl
- Perlara PBC, 2625 Alcatraz Ave #435, Berkeley, CA 94705, USA
| | | | - Richard J Reimer
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - M Thomas Clandinin
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Thomas R Clandinin
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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21
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Ma M, Moulton MJ, Lu S, Bellen HJ. 'Fly-ing' from rare to common neurodegenerative disease mechanisms. Trends Genet 2022; 38:972-984. [PMID: 35484057 PMCID: PMC9378361 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genome sequencing have enabled researchers and clinicians to probe vast numbers of human variants to distinguish pathogenic from benign variants. Model organisms have been crucial in variant assessment and in delineating the molecular mechanisms of some of the diseases caused by these variants. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has played a valuable role in this endeavor, taking advantage of its genetic technologies and established biological knowledge. We highlight the utility of the fly in studying the function of genes associated with rare neurological diseases that have led to a better understanding of common disease mechanisms. We emphasize that shared themes emerge among disease mechanisms, including the importance of lipids, in two prominent neurodegenerative diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Ma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew J Moulton
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shenzhao Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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22
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Mauri S, Favaro M, Bernardo G, Mazzotta GM, Ziviani E. Mitochondrial autophagy in the sleeping brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:956394. [PMID: 36092697 PMCID: PMC9449320 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.956394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant percentage of the mitochondrial mass is replaced on a daily basis via mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control. Through mitophagy (a selective type of autophagy that promotes mitochondrial proteostasis) cells keep a healthy pool of mitochondria, and prevent oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, mitophagy helps adapting to the metabolic demand of the cells, which changes on a daily basis.Core components of the mitophagy process are PINK1 and Parkin, which mutations are linked to Parkinson’s Disease. The crucial role of PINK1/Parkin pathway during stress-induced mitophagy has been extensively studied in vitro in different cell types. However, recent advances in the field allowed discovering that mitophagy seems to be only slightly affected in PINK1 KO mice and flies, putting into question the physiological relevance of this pathway in vivo in the whole organism. Indeed, several cell-specific PINK1/Parkin-independent mitophagy pathways have been recently discovered, which appear to be activated under physiological conditions such as those that promote mitochondrial proteome remodeling during differentiation or in response to specific physiological stimuli.In this Mini Review we want to summarize the recent advances in the field, and add another level of complexity by focusing attention on a potentially important aspect of mitophagy regulation: the implication of the circadian clock. Recent works showed that the circadian clock controls many aspects of mitochondrial physiology, including mitochondrial morphology and dynamic, respiratory activity, and ATP synthesis. Furthermore, one of the essential functions of sleep, which is controlled by the clock, is the clearance of toxic metabolic compounds from the brain, including ROS, via mechanisms of proteostasis. Very little is known about a potential role of the clock in the quality control mechanisms that maintain the mitochondrial repertoire healthy during sleep/wake cycles. More importantly, it remains completely unexplored whether (dys)function of mitochondrial proteostasis feedbacks to the circadian clockwork.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elena Ziviani
- *Correspondence: Gabriella M. Mazzotta, Elena Ziviani,
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23
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Paradis M, Kucharowski N, Edwards Faret G, Maya Palacios SJ, Meyer C, Stümpges B, Jamitzky I, Kalinowski J, Thiele C, Bauer R, Paululat A, Sellin J, Bülow MH. The ER protein Creld regulates ER-mitochondria contact dynamics and respiratory complex 1 activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0155. [PMID: 35867795 PMCID: PMC9307246 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic contacts are formed between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria that enable the exchange of calcium and phospholipids. Disturbed contacts between ER and mitochondria impair mitochondrial dynamics and are a molecular hallmark of Parkinson's disease, which is also characterized by impaired complex I activity and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Here, we analyzed the role of cysteine-rich with EGF-like domain (Creld), a poorly characterized risk gene for Parkinson's disease, in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and function. We found that loss of Creld leads to mitochondrial hyperfusion and reduced ROS signaling in Drosophila melanogaster, Xenopus tropicalis, and human cells. Creld fly mutants show differences in ER-mitochondria contacts and reduced respiratory complex I activity. The resulting low-hydrogen peroxide levels are linked to disturbed neuronal activity and lead to impaired locomotion, but not neurodegeneration, in Creld mutants. We conclude that Creld regulates ER-mitochondria communication and thereby hydrogen peroxide formation, which is required for normal neuron function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Paradis
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Kucharowski
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gabriela Edwards Faret
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Meyer
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Birgit Stümpges
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Isabell Jamitzky
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Kalinowski
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Thiele
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Paululat
- Department of Zoology and Developmental Biology, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Julia Sellin
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institute for Digitalization and General Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen
| | - Margret Helene Bülow
- Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Straße 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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24
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Morais VA, Vos M. Reduced penetrance of Parkinson's disease models. MED GENET-BERLIN 2022; 34:117-124. [PMID: 38835909 PMCID: PMC11006373 DOI: 10.1515/medgen-2022-2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The etiology and progression of Parkinson's Disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurological disorder, have been widely investigated for several decades; however, a cure is still lacking. Despite the development of several neurotoxins and animal models to study this rather heterogeneous disease, a complete recapitulation of the neurophysiology and neuropathology of PD has not been fully achieved. One underlying cause for this could be that mutations in PD-associated genes have reduced penetrance. Therefore, the quest for novel PD models is required where a double hit approach needs to be evoked - a combination of genetic alterations and environmental factors need to be accounted for in one unique model simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Morais
- iMM, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Melissa Vos
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160 building 67, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
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25
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Morioka E, Kasuga Y, Kanda Y, Moritama S, Koizumi H, Yoshikawa T, Miura N, Ikeda M, Higashida H, Holmes TC, Ikeda M. Mitochondrial LETM1 drives ionic and molecular clock rhythms in circadian pacemaker neurons. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110787. [PMID: 35545046 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that generate robust ionic oscillation in circadian pacemaker neurons are under investigation. Here, we demonstrate critical functions of the mitochondrial cation antiporter leucine zipper-EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1), which exchanges K+/H+ in Drosophila and Ca2+/H+ in mammals, in circadian pacemaker neurons. Letm1 knockdown in Drosophila pacemaker neurons reduced circadian cytosolic H+ rhythms and prolonged nuclear PERIOD/TIMELESS expression rhythms and locomotor activity rhythms. In rat pacemaker neurons in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), circadian rhythms in cytosolic Ca2+ and Bmal1 transcription were dampened by Letm1 knockdown. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake peaks late during the day were also observed in rat SCN neurons following photolytic elevation of cytosolic Ca2+. Since cation transport by LETM1 is coupled to mitochondrial energy synthesis, we propose that LETM1 integrates metabolic, ionic, and molecular clock rhythms in the central clock system in both invertebrates and vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Morioka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kasuga
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yuzuki Kanda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Saki Moritama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hayato Koizumi
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshikawa
- Organization for International Education and Exchange, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Miura
- Department of Health Medicine, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0061, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ikeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Todd C Holmes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Masayuki Ikeda
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan; Organization for International Education and Exchange, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
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26
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Fedele G, Loh SHY, Celardo I, Leal NS, Lehmann S, Costa AC, Martins LM. Suppression of intestinal dysfunction in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease is neuroprotective. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:317-331. [PMID: 37117744 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00194-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response mounts a defense against foreign invaders and declines with age. An inappropriate induction of this response can cause diseases. Previous studies showed that mitochondria can be repurposed to promote inflammatory signaling. Damaged mitochondria can also trigger inflammation and promote diseases. Mutations in pink1, a gene required for mitochondrial health, cause Parkinson's disease, and Drosophila melanogaster pink1 mutants accumulate damaged mitochondria. Here, we show that defective mitochondria in pink1 mutants activate Relish targets and demonstrate that inflammatory signaling causes age-dependent intestinal dysfunction in pink1-mutant flies. These effects result in the death of intestinal cells, metabolic reprogramming and neurotoxicity. We found that Relish signaling is activated downstream of a pathway stimulated by cytosolic DNA. Suppression of Relish in the intestinal midgut of pink1-mutant flies restores mitochondrial function and is neuroprotective. We thus conclude that gut-brain communication modulates neurotoxicity in a fly model of Parkinson's disease through a mechanism involving mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Fedele
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ivana Celardo
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Susann Lehmann
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana C Costa
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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27
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Nath AS, Parsons BD, Makdissi S, Chilvers RL, Mu Y, Weaver CM, Euodia I, Fitze KA, Long J, Scur M, Mackenzie DP, Makrigiannis AP, Pichaud N, Boudreau LH, Simmonds AJ, Webber CA, Derfalvi B, Hammon Y, Rachubinski RA, Di Cara F. Modulation of the cell membrane lipid milieu by peroxisomal β-oxidation induces Rho1 signaling to trigger inflammatory responses. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110433. [PMID: 35235794 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, signal transduction, and inflammatory responses require changes in lipid metabolism. Peroxisomes have key roles in fatty acid homeostasis and in regulating immune function. We find that Drosophila macrophages lacking peroxisomes have perturbed lipid profiles, which reduce host survival after infection. Using lipidomic, transcriptomic, and genetic screens, we determine that peroxisomes contribute to the cell membrane glycerophospholipid composition necessary to induce Rho1-dependent signals, which drive cytoskeletal remodeling during macrophage activation. Loss of peroxisome function increases membrane phosphatidic acid (PA) and recruits RhoGAPp190 during infection, inhibiting Rho1-mediated responses. Peroxisome-glycerophospholipid-Rho1 signaling also controls cytoskeleton remodeling in mouse immune cells. While high levels of PA in cells without peroxisomes inhibit inflammatory phenotypes, large numbers of peroxisomes and low amounts of cell membrane PA are features of immune cells from patients with inflammatory Kawasaki disease and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Our findings reveal potential metabolic markers and therapeutic targets for immune diseases and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu S Nath
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Brendon D Parsons
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Stephanie Makdissi
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Chilvers
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Yizhu Mu
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Ceileigh M Weaver
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Irene Euodia
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Katherine A Fitze
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Juyang Long
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Michal Scur
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Duncan P Mackenzie
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Andrew P Makrigiannis
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pichaud
- Université de Moncton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Université de Moncton, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada; New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine (NBCPM), Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Andrew J Simmonds
- University of Alberta, Department of Cell Biology, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Christine A Webber
- University of Alberta, Department of Cell Biology, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Beata Derfalvi
- Dalhousie University, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Yannick Hammon
- INSERM au Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| | | | - Francesca Di Cara
- Dalhousie University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada; Dalhousie University, Department of Pediatrics, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
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28
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Markovinovic A, Greig J, Martín-Guerrero SM, Salam S, Paillusson S. Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria signaling in neurons and neurodegenerative diseases. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274270. [PMID: 35129196 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.248534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have revealed common pathological changes in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with related frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). Many of these changes can be linked to alterations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria signaling, including dysregulation of Ca2+ signaling, autophagy, lipid metabolism, ATP production, axonal transport, ER stress responses and synaptic dysfunction. ER-mitochondria signaling involves specialized regions of ER, called mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). Owing to their role in neurodegenerative processes, MAMs have gained attention as they appear to be associated with all the major neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, their specific role within neuronal maintenance is being revealed as mutant genes linked to major neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with damage to these specialized contacts. Several studies have now demonstrated that these specialized contacts regulate neuronal health and synaptic transmission, and that MAMs are damaged in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. This Review will focus on the role of MAMs and ER-mitochondria signaling within neurons and how damage of the ER-mitochondria axis leads to a disruption of vital processes causing eventual neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Markovinovic
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Jenny Greig
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK.,Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, 44093, Nantes, France
| | - Sandra María Martín-Guerrero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Shaakir Salam
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK
| | - Sebastien Paillusson
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RX, UK.,Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035, Nantes, France
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29
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Liu JY, Inoshita T, Shiba-Fukushima K, Yoshida S, Ogata K, Ishihama Y, Imai Y, Hattori N. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2623-2638. [PMID: 35313349 PMCID: PMC9396936 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial kinase PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and cytosolic ubiquitin ligase (E3) Parkin/PRKN are involved in mitochondrial quality control responses. PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin and the Parkin ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain at serine 65 and promotes Parkin activation and translocation to damaged mitochondria. Upon Parkin activation, the Ubl domain is ubiquitinated at lysine (K) 27 and K48 residues. However, the contribution of K27/K48 ubiquitination toward Parkin activity remains unclear. In this study, ubiquitination of K56 (corresponding to K27 in the human), K77 (K48 in the human) or both was blocked by generating Drosophila Parkin (dParkin) mutants to examine the effects of Parkin Ubl domain ubiquitination on Parkin activation in Drosophila. The dParkin, in which K56 was replaced with arginine (dParkin K56R), rescued pupal lethality in flies by co-expression with PINK1, whereas dParkin K77R could not. The dParkin K56R exhibited reduced abilities of mitochondrial fragmentation and motility arrest, which are mediated by degrading Parkin E3 substrates Mitofusin and Miro, respectively. Pathogenic dParkin K56N, unlike dParkin K56R, destabilized the protein, suggesting that not only was dParkin K56N non-ubiquitin-modified at K56, but also the structure of the Ubl domain for activation was largely affected. Ubiquitin attached to K27 of the Ubl domain during PINK1-mediated Parkin activation was likely to be phosphorylated because human Parkin K27R weakened Parkin self-binding and activation in trans. Therefore, our findings suggest a new mechanism of Parkin activation, where an activation complex is formed through phospho-ubiquitin attachment on the K27 residue of the Parkin Ubl domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoshita
- Department of Neurodegenerative and Demented Disorders, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kahori Shiba-Fukushima
- Department of Drug Development for Parkinson’s Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Yoshida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ogata
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ishihama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BioAnalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Imai
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Yuzuru Imai, Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. Tel: +81 368018332; Fax: +81-3-5800-0547; ; Nobutaka Hattori, Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan, Tel: +81 358022731; Fax: +81-3-5800-0547;
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Yuzuru Imai, Research for Parkinson's Disease, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. Tel: +81 368018332; Fax: +81-3-5800-0547; ; Nobutaka Hattori, Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan, Tel: +81 358022731; Fax: +81-3-5800-0547;
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30
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Liu X, Wei Q, Yang X, Wang X, Zhang J, Xu R, Zhang H, Wang S, Wan X, Jiang L, He Y, Li S, Chen R, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin F, Chen Y, Dai Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Zhang H, Bu Q, Wang H, Tian J, Zhao Y, Cen X. Lipidomics Reveals Dysregulated Glycerophospholipid Metabolism in the Corpus Striatum of Mice Treated with Cefepime. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4449-4464. [PMID: 34762393 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cefepime exhibits a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and thus is a widely used treatment for severe bacterial infections. Adverse effects on the central nervous system (CNS) have been reported in patients treated with cefepime. Current explanation for the adverse neurobehavioral effect of cefepime is mainly attributed to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and competitively bind to the GABAergic receptor; however, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, mice were intraperitoneally administered 80 mg/kg cefepime for different periods, followed by neurobehavioral tests and a brain lipidomic analysis. LC/MS-MS-based metabolomics was used to investigate the effect of cefepime on the brain lipidomic profile and metabolic pathways. Repeated cefepime treatment time-dependently caused anxiety-like behaviors, which were accompanied by reduced locomotor activity in the open field test. Cefepime profoundly altered the lipid profile, acyl chain length, and unsaturation of fatty acids in the corpus striatum, and glycerophospholipids accounted for a large proportion of those significantly modified lipids. In addition, cefepime treatment caused obvious alteration in the lipid-enriched membrane structure, neurites, mitochondria, and synaptic vesicles of primary cultured striatal neurons; moreover, the spontaneous electrical activity of striatal neurons was significantly reduced. Collectively, cefepime reprograms glycerophospholipid metabolism in the corpus striatum, which may interfere with neuronal structure and activity, eventually leading to aberrant neurobehaviors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Liu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingfan Wei
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Xu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haoluo Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaomin Wang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Wan
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linhong Jiang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuman He
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghai Wang
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxing Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Qin
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanping Dai
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongchun Li
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaqin Zhang
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Bu
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Tian
- Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, No. 1 Keyuan Road, Gaopeng Street, High-Tech Development Zone, Chengdu 610041, People’s Republic of China
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Mandik F, Vos M. Neurodegenerative Disorders: Spotlight on Sphingolipids. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111998. [PMID: 34769423 PMCID: PMC8584905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable diseases of the nervous system that lead to a progressive loss of brain areas and neuronal subtypes, which is associated with an increase in symptoms that can be linked to the affected brain areas. The key findings that appear in many neurodegenerative diseases are deposits of proteins and the damage of mitochondria, which mainly affect energy production and mitophagy. Several causative gene mutations have been identified in various neurodegenerative diseases; however, a large proportion are considered sporadic. In the last decade, studies linking lipids, and in particular sphingolipids, to neurodegenerative diseases have shown the importance of these sphingolipids in the underlying pathogenesis. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids consisting of a sphingoid base linked to a fatty acid and a hydrophilic head group. They are involved in various cellular processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis, and autophagy, and are an essential component of the brain. In this review, we will cover key findings that demonstrate the relevance of sphingolipids in neurodegenerative diseases and will focus on neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation and Parkinson’s disease.
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Phosphatidylserine synthase plays an essential role in glia and affects development, as well as the maintenance of neuronal function. iScience 2021; 24:102899. [PMID: 34401677 PMCID: PMC8358705 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an integral component of eukaryotic cell membranes and organelles. The Drosophila genome contains a single PS synthase (PSS)-encoding gene (Pss) homologous to mammalian PSSs. Flies with Pss loss-of-function alleles show a reduced life span, increased bang sensitivity, locomotor defects, and vacuolated brain, which are the signs associated with neurodegeneration. We observed defective mitochondria in mutant adult brain, as well as elevated production of reactive oxygen species, and an increase in autophagy and apoptotic cell death. Intriguingly, glial-specific knockdown or overexpression of Pss alters synaptogenesis and axonal growth in the larval stage, causes developmental arrest in pupal stages, and neurodegeneration in adults. This is not observed with pan-neuronal up- or down-regulation. These findings suggest that precisely regulated expression of Pss in glia is essential for the development and maintenance of brain function. We propose a mechanism that underlies these neurodegenerative phenotypes triggered by defective PS metabolism. Loss of Pss leads to developmental defects and neurodegeneration Loss of Pss causes a mitochondrial defect, elevated ROS, and secondary necrosis Pss functions in glia are essential for synaptogenesis and neuronal maintenance Glial Pss expression level must be tightly regulated to maintain a healthy nervous system
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33
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Moroz LL, Romanova DY. Selective Advantages of Synapses in Evolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:726563. [PMID: 34490275 PMCID: PMC8417881 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.726563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L. Moroz
- Departments of Neuroscience and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, United States
| | - Daria Y. Romanova
- Lab of Cellular Neurobiology of Learning, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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34
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Berenguer-Escuder C, Grossmann D, Antony P, Arena G, Wasner K, Massart F, Jarazo J, Walter J, Schwamborn JC, Grünewald A, Krüger R. Impaired mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum interaction and mitophagy in Miro1-mutant neurons in Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1353-1364. [PMID: 32280985 PMCID: PMC7254851 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 (Miro1) protein is a well-known adaptor for mitochondrial transport and also regulates mitochondrial quality control and function. Furthermore, Miro1 was associated with mitochondrial-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCs), which are key regulators of cellular calcium homeostasis and the initiation of autophagy. Impairments of these mechanisms were linked to neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We recently revealed that PD fibroblasts harboring Miro1 mutations displayed dysregulations in MERC organization and abundance, affecting mitochondrial homeostasis and clearance. We hypothesize that mutant Miro1 impairs the function of MERCs and mitochondrial dynamics, altering neuronal homeostasis and integrity in PD. PD skin fibroblasts harboring the Miro1-R272Q mutation were differentiated into patient-derived neurons. Live-cell imaging and immunocytochemistry were used to study mitophagy and the organization and function of MERCs. Markers of autophagy or mitochondrial function were assessed by western blotting. Quantification of organelle juxtapositions revealed an increased number of MERCs in patient-derived neurons. Live-cell imaging results showed alterations of mitochondrial dynamics and increased sensitivity to calcium stress, as well as reduced mitochondrial clearance. Finally, western blot analysis indicated a blockage of the autophagy flux in Miro1-mutant neurons. Miro1-mutant neurons display altered ER-mitochondrial tethering compared with control neurons. This alteration likely interferes with proper MERC function, contributing to a defective autophagic flux and cytosolic calcium handling capacity. Moreover, mutant Miro1 affects mitochondrial dynamics in neurons, which may result in disrupted mitochondrial turnover and altered mitochondrial movement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dajana Grossmann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Section for Translational Neurodegeneration "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Paul Antony
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Kobi Wasner
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - François Massart
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Javier Jarazo
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jonas Walter
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Anne Grünewald
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL) , Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
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35
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Parkinson's Disease-Related Genes and Lipid Alteration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147630. [PMID: 34299248 PMCID: PMC8305702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a prevalence of approximately 0.5–1% among those aged 65–70 years. Although most of its clinical manifestations are due to a loss of dopaminergic neurons, the PD etiology is largely unknown. PD is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and the exact interplay between genes and the environment is still debated. Several biological processes have been implicated in PD, including mitochondrial or lysosomal dysfunctions, alteration in protein clearance, and neuroinflammation, but a common molecular mechanism connecting the different cellular alterations remains incompletely understood. Accumulating evidence underlines a significant role of lipids in the pathological pathways leading to PD. Beside the well-described lipid alteration in idiopathic PD, this review summarizes the several lipid alterations observed in experimental models expressing PD-related genes and suggests a possible scenario in relationship to the molecular mechanisms of neuronal toxicity. PD could be considered a lipid-induced proteinopathy, where alteration in lipid composition or metabolism could induce protein alteration—for instance, alpha-synuclein accumulation—and finally neuronal death.
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Pütz SM, Kram J, Rauh E, Kaiser S, Toews R, Lueningschroer-Wang Y, Rieger D, Raabe T. Loss of p21-activated kinase Mbt/PAK4 causes Parkinson-like phenotypes in Drosophila. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm047811. [PMID: 34125184 PMCID: PMC8246267 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.047811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) provokes bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity and postural instability, and also non-motor symptoms such as depression, anxiety, sleep and cognitive impairments. Similar phenotypes can be induced in Drosophila melanogaster through modification of PD-relevant genes or the administration of PD-inducing toxins. Recent studies correlated deregulation of human p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) with PD, leaving open the question of a causative relationship of mutations in this gene for manifestation of PD symptoms. To determine whether flies lacking the PAK4 homolog Mushroom bodies tiny (Mbt) show PD-like phenotypes, we tested for a variety of PD criteria. Here, we demonstrate that mbt mutant flies show PD-like phenotypes including age-dependent movement deficits, reduced life expectancy and fragmented sleep. They also react to a stressful situation with higher immobility, indicating an influence of Mbt on emotional behavior. Loss of Mbt function has a negative effect on the number of dopaminergic protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) neurons, most likely caused by a proliferation defect of neural progenitors. The age-dependent movement deficits are not accompanied by a corresponding further loss of PAM neurons. Previous studies highlighted the importance of a small PAM subgroup for age-dependent PD motor impairments. We show that impaired motor skills are caused by a lack of Mbt in this PAM subgroup. In addition, a broader re-expression of Mbt in PAM neurons improves life expectancy. Conversely, selective Mbt knockout in the same cells shortens lifespan. We conclude that mutations in Mbt/PAK4 can play a causative role in the development of PD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Pütz
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jette Kram
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elisa Rauh
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sophie Kaiser
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Romy Toews
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yi Lueningschroer-Wang
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Rieger
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Raabe
- Medical Radiation and Cell Research, Biocenter, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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37
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Ingles-Prieto A, Furthmann N, Crossman SH, Tichy AM, Hoyer N, Petersen M, Zheden V, Biebl J, Reichhart E, Gyoergy A, Siekhaus DE, Soba P, Winklhofer KF, Janovjak H. Optogenetic delivery of trophic signals in a genetic model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009479. [PMID: 33857132 PMCID: PMC8049241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics has been harnessed to shed new mechanistic light on current and future therapeutic strategies. This has been to date achieved by the regulation of ion flow and electrical signals in neuronal cells and neural circuits that are known to be affected by disease. In contrast, the optogenetic delivery of trophic biochemical signals, which support cell survival and are implicated in degenerative disorders, has never been demonstrated in an animal model of disease. Here, we reengineered the human and Drosophila melanogaster REarranged during Transfection (hRET and dRET) receptors to be activated by light, creating one-component optogenetic tools termed Opto-hRET and Opto-dRET. Upon blue light stimulation, these receptors robustly induced the MAPK/ERK proliferative signaling pathway in cultured cells. In PINK1B9 flies that exhibit loss of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), a kinase associated with familial Parkinson's disease (PD), light activation of Opto-dRET suppressed mitochondrial defects, tissue degeneration and behavioral deficits. In human cells with PINK1 loss-of-function, mitochondrial fragmentation was rescued using Opto-dRET via the PI3K/NF-кB pathway. Our results demonstrate that a light-activated receptor can ameliorate disease hallmarks in a genetic model of PD. The optogenetic delivery of trophic signals is cell type-specific and reversible and thus has the potential to inspire novel strategies towards a spatio-temporal regulation of tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Ingles-Prieto
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Nikolas Furthmann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Samuel H. Crossman
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra-Madelaine Tichy
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nina Hoyer
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Meike Petersen
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Zheden
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Julia Biebl
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Eva Reichhart
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
| | - Attila Gyoergy
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Daria E. Siekhaus
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Peter Soba
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology (ZMNH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstanze F. Winklhofer
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Harald Janovjak
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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38
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Abstract
Our cells are comprised of billions of proteins, lipids, and other small molecules packed into their respective subcellular organelles, with the daunting task of maintaining cellular homeostasis over a lifetime. However, it is becoming increasingly evident that organelles do not act as autonomous discrete units but rather as interconnected hubs that engage in extensive communication through membrane contacts. In the last few years, our understanding of how these contacts coordinate organelle function has redefined our view of the cell. This review aims to present novel findings on the cellular interorganelle communication network and how its dysfunction may contribute to aging and neurodegeneration. The consequences of disturbed interorganellar communication are intimately linked with age-related pathologies. Given that both aging and neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the concomitant failure of multiple cellular pathways, coordination of organelle communication and function could represent an emerging regulatory mechanism critical for long-term cellular homeostasis. We anticipate that defining the relationships between interorganelle communication, aging, and neurodegeneration will open new avenues for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Petkovic
- Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Caitlin E O'Brien
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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39
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Castellanos DB, Martín-Jiménez CA, Rojas-Rodríguez F, Barreto GE, González J. Brain lipidomics as a rising field in neurodegenerative contexts: Perspectives with Machine Learning approaches. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 61:100899. [PMID: 33450200 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are essential for cellular functioning considering their role in membrane composition, signaling, and energy metabolism. The brain is the second most abundant organ in terms of lipid concentration and diversity only after adipose tissue. However, in the central system (CNS) lipid dysregulation has been linked to the etiology, progression, and severity of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimeŕs, Parkinson, and Multiple Sclerosis. Advances in the human genome and subsequent sequencing technologies allowed us the study of lipidomics as a promising approach to diagnosis and treatment of neurodegeneration. Lipidomics advances rapidly increased the amount and quality of data allowing the integration with other omic types as well as implementing novel bioinformatic and quantitative tools such as machine learning (ML). Integration of lipidomics data with ML, as a powerful quantitative predictive approach, led to improvements in diagnostic biomarker prediction, clinical data integration, network, and systems approaches for neural behavior, novel etiology markers for inflammation, and neurodegeneration progression and even Mass Spectrometry image analysis. In this sense, by exploiting lipidomics data with ML is possible to improve the identification of new biomarkers or unveil new molecular mechanisms associated with lipid impairment across neurodegeneration. In this review, we present the lipidomic neurobiology state-of-the-art highlighting its potential applications to study neurodegenerative conditions. Also, we present theoretical background, applications, and advances in the integration of lipidomics with ML. This review opens the door to new approaches in this rising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Báez Castellanos
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cynthia A Martín-Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Rojas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Kim S, Wong YC, Gao F, Krainc D. Dysregulation of mitochondria-lysosome contacts by GBA1 dysfunction in dopaminergic neuronal models of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1807. [PMID: 33753743 PMCID: PMC7985376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-lysosome contacts are recently identified sites for mediating crosstalk between both organelles, but their role in normal and diseased human neurons remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that mitochondria-lysosome contacts can dynamically form in the soma, axons, and dendrites of human neurons, allowing for their bidirectional crosstalk. Parkinson's disease patient derived neurons harboring mutant GBA1 exhibited prolonged mitochondria-lysosome contacts due to defective modulation of the untethering protein TBC1D15, which mediates Rab7 GTP hydrolysis for contact untethering. This dysregulation was due to decreased GBA1 (β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase)) lysosomal enzyme activity in patient derived neurons, and could be rescued by increasing enzyme activity with a GCase modulator. These defects resulted in disrupted mitochondrial distribution and function, and could be further rescued by TBC1D15 in Parkinson's patient derived GBA1-linked neurons. Together, our work demonstrates a potential role of mitochondria-lysosome contacts as an upstream regulator of mitochondrial function and dynamics in midbrain dopaminergic neurons in GBA1-linked Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yvette C Wong
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fanding Gao
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Vos M, Klein C. The Importance of Drosophila melanogaster Research to UnCover Cellular Pathways Underlying Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:579. [PMID: 33800736 PMCID: PMC7998316 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is currently incurable. As a consequence of an incomplete understanding of the etiology of the disease, therapeutic strategies mainly focus on symptomatic treatment. Even though the majority of PD cases remain idiopathic (~90%), several genes have been identified to be causative for PD, facilitating the generation of animal models that are a good alternative to study disease pathways and to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of PD. Drosophila melanogaster has proven to be an excellent model in these studies. In this review, we will discuss the different PD models in flies and key findings identified in flies in different affected pathways in PD. Several molecular changes have been identified, of which mitochondrial dysfunction and a defective endo-lysosomal pathway emerge to be the most relevant for PD pathogenesis. Studies in flies have significantly contributed to our knowledge of how disease genes affect and interact in these pathways enabling a better understanding of the disease etiology and providing possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of PD, some of which have already resulted in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Vos
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Building 67, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Building 67, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
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Yang Z, Zhang X, Li C, Chi S, Xie A. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Reciprocal Interactions Between Sleep Disorders and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:592989. [PMID: 33642969 PMCID: PMC7902929 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.592989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep-wake disruptions are among the most prevalent and burdensome non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinical studies have demonstrated that these disturbances can precede the onset of typical motor symptoms by years, indicating that they may play a primary function in the pathogenesis of PD. Animal studies suggest that sleep facilitates the removal of metabolic wastes through the glymphatic system via convective flow from the periarterial space to the perivenous space, upregulates antioxidative defenses, and promotes the maintenance of neuronal protein homeostasis. Therefore, disruptions to the sleep-wake cycle have been associated with inefficient metabolic clearance and increased oxidative stress in the central nervous system (CNS). This leads to excessive accumulation of alpha-synuclein and the induction of neuronal loss, both of which have been proposed to be contributing factors to the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Additionally, recent studies have suggested that PD-related pathophysiological alterations during the prodromal phase disrupt sleep and circadian rhythms. Taken together, these findings indicate potential mechanistic interactions between sleep-wake disorders and PD progression as proposed in this review. Further research into the hypothetical mechanisms underlying these interactions would be valuable, as positive findings may provide promising insights into novel therapeutic interventions for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengqian Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Song Chi
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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43
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Trombetta-Lima M, Sabogal-Guáqueta AM, Dolga AM. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases: A focus on iPSC-derived neuronal models. Cell Calcium 2021; 94:102362. [PMID: 33540322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Progressive neuronal loss is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These pathologies exhibit clear signs of inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium deregulation, and accumulation of aggregated or misfolded proteins. Over the last decades, a tremendous research effort has contributed to define some of the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative processes in these complex brain neurodegenerative disorders. To better understand molecular mechanisms responsible for neurodegenerative processes and find potential interventions and pharmacological treatments, it is important to have robust in vitro and pre-clinical animal models that can recapitulate both the early biological events undermining the maintenance of the nervous system and early pathological events. In this regard, it would be informative to determine how different inherited pathogenic mutations can compromise mitochondrial function, calcium signaling, and neuronal survival. Since post-mortem analyses cannot provide relevant information about the disease progression, it is crucial to develop model systems that enable the investigation of early molecular changes, which may be relevant as targets for novel therapeutic options. Thus, the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represents an exceptional complementary tool for the investigation of degenerative processes. In this review, we will focus on two neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. We will provide examples of iPSC-derived neuronal models and how they have been used to study calcium and mitochondrial alterations during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Trombetta-Lima
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Angélica María Sabogal-Guáqueta
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amalia M Dolga
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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44
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Raeisossadati R, Ferrari MFR. Mitochondria-ER Tethering in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:917-930. [PMID: 33196974 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organelles juxtaposition has been detected for decades, although only recently gained importance due to a pivotal role in the regulation of cellular processes dependent on membrane contact sites. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria interaction is a prime example of organelles contact sites. Mitochondria-associated membranes (MAM) are proposed to harbor ER-mitochondria tether complexes, mainly when these organelles are less than 30 nm apart. Dysfunctions of proteins located at the MAM are associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders; hence any malfunction in MAM can potentially trigger cell death. This review will focus on the role of ER-mitochondria contact sites, regarding calcium homeostasis, lipid metabolism, autophagy, morphology and dynamics of mitochondria, mainly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. Approaches that have been employed so far to study organelles contact sites, as well as methods that were not used in neurosciences yet, but are promising and accurate ways to unveil the functions of MAM during neurodegeneration, is also discussed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Raeisossadati
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Merari F R Ferrari
- Departamento de Genetica e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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45
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Rodríguez LR, Calap-Quintana P, Lapeña-Luzón T, Pallardó FV, Schneuwly S, Navarro JA, Gonzalez-Cabo P. Oxidative stress modulates rearrangement of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contacts and calcium dysregulation in a Friedreich's ataxia model. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101762. [PMID: 33128998 PMCID: PMC7585950 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by neuromuscular and neurological manifestations. It is caused by mutations in the FXN gene, which results in loss of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. Endoplasmic Reticulum-mitochondria associated membranes (MAMs) are inter-organelle structures involved in the regulation of essential cellular processes, including lipid metabolism and calcium signaling. In the present study, we have analyzed in both, unicellular and multicellular models of FRDA, calcium management and integrity of MAMs. We observed that function of MAMs is compromised in our cellular model of FRDA, which was improved upon treatment with antioxidants. In agreement, promoting mitochondrial calcium uptake was sufficient to restore several defects caused by frataxin deficiency in Drosophila Melanogaster. Remarkably, our findings describe for the first time frataxin as a member of the protein network of MAMs, where interacts with two of the main proteins implicated in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria communication. These results suggest a new role of frataxin, indicate that FRDA goes beyond mitochondrial defects and highlight MAMs as novel therapeutic candidates to improve patient's conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Calap-Quintana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Tamara Lapeña-Luzón
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Stephan Schneuwly
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juan A Navarro
- Institute of Zoology, Universitaetsstrasse 31, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany; INCLIVA Biomedial Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalez-Cabo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry. University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, 46010, Spain; Associated Unit for Rare Diseases INCLIVA-CIPF, Valencia, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.
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46
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Zhao H, Wang T. PE homeostasis rebalanced through mitochondria-ER lipid exchange prevents retinal degeneration in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009070. [PMID: 33064773 PMCID: PMC7592913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The major glycerophospholipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the nervous system is essential for neural development and function. There are two major PE synthesis pathways, the CDP-ethanolamine pathway in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD) pathway in mitochondria. However, the role played by mitochondrial PE synthesis in maintaining cellular PE homeostasis is unknown. Here, we show that Drosophila pect (phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase) mutants lacking the CDP-ethanolamine pathway, exhibited alterations in phospholipid composition, defective phototransduction, and retinal degeneration. Induction of the PSD pathway fully restored levels and composition of cellular PE, thus rescued the retinal degeneration and defective visual responses in pect mutants. Disrupting lipid exchange between mitochondria and ER blocked the ability of PSD to rescue pect mutant phenotypes. These findings provide direct evidence that the synthesis of PE in mitochondria contributes to cellular PE homeostasis, and suggest the induction of mitochondrial PE synthesis as a promising therapeutic approach for disorders associated with PE deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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47
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Grossmann D, Berenguer-Escuder C, Chemla A, Arena G, Krüger R. The Emerging Role of RHOT1/Miro1 in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2020; 11:587. [PMID: 33041957 PMCID: PMC7523470 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The expected increase in prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) as the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder over the next years underscores the need for a better understanding of the underlying molecular pathogenesis. Here, first insights provided by genetics over the last two decades, such as dysfunction of molecular and organellar quality control, are described. The mechanisms involved relate to impaired intracellular calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics, which are tightly linked to the cross talk between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. A number of proteins related to monogenic forms of PD have been mapped to these pathways, i.e., PINK1, Parkin, LRRK2, and α-synuclein. Recently, Miro1 was identified as an important player, as several studies linked Miro1 to mitochondrial quality control by PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy and mitochondrial transport. Moreover, Miro1 is an important regulator of mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCs), where it acts as a sensor for cytosolic calcium levels. The involvement of Miro1 in the pathogenesis of PD was recently confirmed by genetic evidence based on the first PD patients with heterozygous mutations in RHOT1/Miro1. Patient-based cellular models from RHOT1/Miro1 mutation carriers showed impaired calcium homeostasis, structural alterations of MERCs, and increased mitochondrial clearance. To account for the emerging role of Miro1, we present a comprehensive overview focusing on the role of this protein in PD-related neurodegeneration and highlighting new developments in our understanding of Miro1, which provide new avenues for neuroprotective therapies for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Grossmann
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Section for Translational Neurodegeneration "Albrecht Kossel", Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Clara Berenguer-Escuder
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Axel Chemla
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Parkinson Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (CHL), Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Strassen, Luxembourg
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48
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Liao Y, Dong Y, Cheng J. The Molecular Determinants of Mitochondrial Membrane Contact With ER, Lysosomes and Peroxisomes in Neuronal Physiology and Pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:194. [PMID: 32848610 PMCID: PMC7427582 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane tethering is an important communication method for membrane-packaged organelles. Mitochondria are organelles with a bilayer membrane, and the membrane contact between mitochondria and other organelles is indispensable for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Increased levels of molecular determinants that mediate the membrane contact between mitochondria and other organelles, and their functions, have been revealed in recent years. In this review article, we aim to summarize the findings on the tethering between mitochondria and other organelles in physiological or pathological conditions, and discuss their roles in cellular homeostasis, neural activity, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajin Liao
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinbo Cheng
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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49
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Mitochondria-lysosome contacts regulate mitochondrial Ca 2+ dynamics via lysosomal TRPML1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19266-19275. [PMID: 32703809 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2003236117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and lysosomes are critical for cellular homeostasis, and dysfunction of both organelles has been implicated in numerous diseases. Recently, interorganelle contacts between mitochondria and lysosomes were identified and found to regulate mitochondrial dynamics. However, whether mitochondria-lysosome contacts serve additional functions by facilitating the direct transfer of metabolites or ions between the two organelles has not been elucidated. Here, using high spatial and temporal resolution live-cell microscopy, we identified a role for mitochondria-lysosome contacts in regulating mitochondrial calcium dynamics through the lysosomal calcium efflux channel, transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1). Lysosomal calcium release by TRPML1 promotes calcium transfer to mitochondria, which was mediated by tethering of mitochondria-lysosome contact sites. Moreover, mitochondrial calcium uptake at mitochondria-lysosome contact sites was modulated by the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane channels, voltage-dependent anion channel 1 and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter, respectively. Since loss of TRPML1 function results in the lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), we examined MLIV patient fibroblasts and found both altered mitochondria-lysosome contact dynamics and defective contact-dependent mitochondrial calcium uptake. Thus, our work highlights mitochondria-lysosome contacts as key contributors to interorganelle calcium dynamics and their potential role in the pathophysiology of disorders characterized by dysfunctional mitochondria or lysosomes.
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50
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Fernández-Cruz I, Sánchez-Díaz I, Narváez-Padilla V, Reynaud E. Rpt2 proteasome subunit reduction causes Parkinson's disease like symptoms in Drosophila. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:65-77. [PMID: 32715147 PMCID: PMC7369354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of the proteasome-ubiquitin system is commonly reported in several neurodegenerative diseases. Post mortem samples of brains of patients with Parkinson´s disease present cytoplasmic inclusions that are rich in proteins such as ubiquitin, Tau, and α-synuclein. In Parkinson´s disease, a specific reduction of some of the proteasome subunits has also been reported. However, the specific role of the different proteasome subunits in dopaminergic neuron degeneration has not been thoroughly explored. In this work, we used the Gal4/UAS system to test fourteen Drosophila melanogaster RNAi lines from the Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center. Each of these lines targets a different proteasome subunit. To identify the strains that were able to induce neurodegeneration, we drove the expression of these lines to the eye and cataloged them as a function of the extent of neurodegeneration that they induced. The targeted proteasomal subunits are conserved in mammals and therefore may be relevant to study proteasome related diseases. The RNAi line among the regulatory subunits with the most penetrant phenotype targeted the proteasomal subunit Rpt2 and we decided to further characterize its phenotypes. Rpt2 knockdown in the Drosophila central nervous system reduced the activity of the proteasome, augmented the amount of insoluble ubiquitinated protein, and elicited motor and non-motor phenotypes that were similar to the ones found in Drosophila and other models for Parkinson's disease. When Rpt2 is silenced pan-neurally, third instar larvae have locomotion dysfunctions and die during pupation. Larval lethality was avoided using the Gal80-Gal4 system to induce the expression of the Rpt2 RNAi to dopaminergic neurons only after pupation. The reduction of Rpt2 in adult dopaminergic neurons causes reduced survival, hyperactivity, neurodegeneration, and sleep loss; probably recapitulating some of the sleep disorders that Parkinson's disease patients have before the appearance of locomotion disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Fernández-Cruz
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Iván Sánchez-Díaz
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Verónica Narváez-Padilla
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Reynaud
- Departamento de Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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