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Kushinsky D, Tsivourakis E, Apelblat D, Roethler O, Breger-Mikulincer M, Cohen-Kashi Malina K, Spiegel I. Daily light-induced transcription in visual cortex neurons drives downward firing rate homeostasis and stabilizes sensory processing. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114701. [PMID: 39244753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Balancing plasticity and stability in neural circuits is essential for an animal's ability to learn from its environment while preserving proper processing and perception of sensory information. However, unlike the mechanisms that drive plasticity in neural circuits, the activity-induced molecular mechanisms that convey functional stability remain poorly understood. Focusing on the visual cortex of adult mice and combining transcriptomics, electrophysiology, and in vivo calcium imaging, we find that the daily appearance of light induces, in excitatory neurons, a large gene program along with rapid and transient increases in the ratio of excitation and inhibition (E/I ratio) and neural activity. Furthermore, we find that the light-induced transcription factor NPAS4 drives these daily normalizations of the E/I ratio and neural activity rates and that it stabilizes the neurons' response properties. These findings indicate that daily sensory-induced transcription normalizes the E/I ratio and drives downward firing rate homeostasis to maintain proper sensory processing and perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia Kushinsky
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Emmanouil Tsivourakis
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniella Apelblat
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Roethler
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Katayun Cohen-Kashi Malina
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ivo Spiegel
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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2
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Birch EE, Duffy KR. Leveraging neural plasticity for the treatment of amblyopia. Surv Ophthalmol 2024; 69:818-832. [PMID: 38763223 PMCID: PMC11380599 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Amblyopia is a form of visual cortical impairment that arises from abnormal visual experience early in life. Most often, amblyopia is a unilateral visual impairment that can develop as a result of strabismus, anisometropia, or a combination of these conditions that result in discordant binocular experience. Characterized by reduced visual acuity and impaired binocular function, amblyopia places a substantial burden on the developing child. Although frontline treatment with glasses and patching can improve visual acuity, residual amblyopia remains for most children. Newer binocular-based therapies can elicit rapid recovery of visual acuity and may also improve stereoacuity in some children. Nevertheless, for both treatment modalities full recovery is elusive, recurrence of amblyopia is common, and improvements are negligible when treatment is administered at older ages. Insights derived from animal models about the factors that govern neural plasticity have been leveraged to develop innovative treatments for amblyopia. These novel therapies exhibit efficacy to promote recovery, and some are effective even at ages when conventional treatments fail to yield benefit. Approaches for enhancing visual system plasticity and promoting recovery from amblyopia include altering the balance between excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms, reversing the accumulation of proteins that inhibit plasticity, and harnessing the principles of metaplasticity. Although these therapies have exhibited promising results in animal models, their safety and ability to remediate amblyopia need to be evaluated in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen E Birch
- Crystal Charity Ball Pediatric Vision Laboratory, Retina Foundation, Dallas, TX, USA; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Kevin R Duffy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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3
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Untiet V, Nedergaard M, Verkhratsky A. Astrocyte chloride, excitatory-inhibitory balance and epilepsy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1887. [PMID: 38227511 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Untiet
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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4
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Burns JN, Jenkins AK, Yin R, Zong W, Vadnie CA, DePoy LM, Petersen KA, Tsyglakova M, Scott MR, Tseng GC, Huang YH, McClung CA. Molecular and cellular rhythms in excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mouse prefrontal cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.05.601880. [PMID: 39005410 PMCID: PMC11245095 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.05.601880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that there are rhythms in gene expression in the mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC); however, the contribution of different cell types and potential variation by sex has not yet been determined. Of particular interest are excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, as interactions between these cell types are essential for regulating the excitation/inhibition balance and controlling many of the cognitive functions regulated by the PFC. In this study, we identify cell-type specific rhythms in the translatome of PV and pyramidal cells in the mouse PFC and assess diurnal rhythms in PV cell electrophysiological properties. We find that while core molecular clock genes are conserved and synchronized between cell types, pyramidal cells have nearly twice as many rhythmic transcripts as PV cells (35% vs. 18%). Rhythmic transcripts in pyramidal cells also show a high degree of overlap between sexes, both in terms of which transcripts are rhythmic and in the biological processes associated with them. Conversely, in PV cells, rhythmic transcripts from males and females are largely distinct. Moreover, we find sex-specific effects of phase on action potential properties in PV cells that are eliminated by environmental circadian disruption. Together, this study demonstrates that rhythms in gene expression and electrophysiological properties in the mouse PFC vary by both cell type and sex. Moreover, the biological processes associated with these rhythmic transcripts may provide insight into the unique functions of rhythms in these cells, as well as their selective vulnerabilities to circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N. Burns
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Aaron K. Jenkins
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - RuoFei Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Chelsea A. Vadnie
- David O. Robbins Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH 43015
| | - Lauren M. DePoy
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Kaitlyn A Petersen
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Mariya Tsyglakova
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Madeline R. Scott
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - George C. Tseng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Yanhua H. Huang
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
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5
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Ameen MS, Petzka M, Peigneux P, Hoedlmoser K. Post-training sleep modulates motor adaptation and task-related beta oscillations. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e14082. [PMID: 37950689 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Motor adaptation reflects the ability of the brain's sensorimotor system to flexibly deal with environmental changes to generate effective motor behaviour. Whether sleep contributes to the consolidation of motor adaptation remains controversial. In this study, we investigated the impact of sleep on motor adaptation and its neurophysiological correlates in a novel motor adaptation task that leverages a highly automatised motor skill, that is, typing. We hypothesised that sleep-associated memory consolidation would benefit motor adaptation and induce modulations in task-related beta band (13-30 Hz) activity during adaptation. Healthy young male experts in typing on the regular computer keyboard were trained to type on a vertically mirrored keyboard while brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography. Typing performance was assessed either after a full night of sleep with polysomnography or a similar period of daytime wakefulness. Results showed improved motor adaptation performance after nocturnal sleep but not after daytime wakefulness, and decreased beta power: (a) during mirrored typing as compared with regular typing; and (b) in the post-sleep versus the pre-sleep mirrored typing sessions. Furthermore, the slope of the electroencephalography signal, a measure of aperiodic brain activity, decreased during mirrored as compared with regular typing. Changes in the electroencephalography spectral slope from pre- to post-sleep mirrored typing sessions were correlated with changes in task performance. Finally, increased fast sleep spindle density (13-15 Hz) during the night following motor adaptation training was predictive of successful motor adaptation. These findings suggest that post-training sleep modulates neural activity supporting adaptive motor functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Ameen
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marit Petzka
- Max Planck Research Group NeuroCode, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF, Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit at CRCN-Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, UNI-ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kerstin Hoedlmoser
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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6
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Raven F, Medina AV, Schmidt K, He A, Vankampen AA, Balendran V, Aton SJ. Brief sleep disruption alters synaptic structures among hippocampal and neocortical somatostatin-expressing interneurons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.22.604591. [PMID: 39211205 PMCID: PMC11360998 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.22.604591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Brief sleep loss can disrupt cognition, including information processing in neocortex and hippocampus. Recent studies have identified alterations in synaptic structures of principal neurons within these circuits 1-3 . However, while in vivo recording and bioinformatic data suggest that inhibitory interneurons are more strongly affected by sleep loss 4-9 , it is unclear how sleep and sleep deprivation affect interneurons' synapses. Recent data suggest that activity among hippocampal somatostatin-expressing (SST+) interneurons is selectively increased by experimental sleep disruption 8 . We used Brainbow 3.0 10 to label SST+ interneurons in the dorsal hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and visual cortex of SST-CRE transgenic mice, then compared synaptic structures in labeled neurons after a 6-h period of ad lib sleep, or gentle handling sleep deprivation (SD) starting at lights on. We find that dendritic spine density among SST+ interneurons in both hippocampus and neocortex was altered in a subregion-specific manner, with increased overall and thin spine density in CA1, decreased mushroom spine density in CA3, and decreased overall and stubby spine density in V1 after SD. Spine size also changed significantly after SD, with dramatic increases in spine volume and surface area in CA3, and small but significant decreases in CA1, PFC and V1. Together, our data suggest that the synaptic connectivity of SST+ interneurons is significantly altered, in a brain region-specific manner, by a few hours of sleep loss. Further, they suggest that sleep loss can disrupt cognition by altering the balance of excitation and inhibition in hippocampal and neocortical networks. Significance Statement Changes to the function of somatostatin-expressing (SST+) interneurons have been implicated in the etiology of psychiatric and neurological disorders in which both cognition and sleep behavior are affected. Here, we measure the effects of very brief experimental sleep deprivation on synaptic structures of SST+ interneurons in hippocampus and neocortex, in brain structures critical for sleep-dependent memory processing. We find that only six hours of sleep deprivation restructures SST+ interneurons' dendritic spines, causing widespread and subregion-specific changes to spine density and spine size. These changes have the potential to dramatically alter excitatory-inhibitory balance across these brain networks, leading to cognitive disruptions commonly associated with sleep loss.
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7
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Kon K, Ode KL, Mano T, Fujishima H, Takahashi RR, Tone D, Shimizu C, Shiono S, Yada S, Matsuzawa K, Yoshida SY, Yoshida Garçon J, Kaneko M, Shinohara Y, Yamada RG, Shi S, Miyamichi K, Sumiyama K, Kiyonari H, Susaki EA, Ueda HR. Cortical parvalbumin neurons are responsible for homeostatic sleep rebound through CaMKII activation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6054. [PMID: 39025867 PMCID: PMC11258272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The homeostatic regulation of sleep is characterized by rebound sleep after prolonged wakefulness, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this regulation are still unknown. In this study, we show that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-dependent activity control of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cortical neurons is involved in homeostatic regulation of sleep in male mice. Prolonged wakefulness enhances cortical PV-neuron activity. Chemogenetic suppression or activation of cortical PV neurons inhibits or induces rebound sleep, implying that rebound sleep is dependent on increased activity of cortical PV neurons. Furthermore, we discovered that CaMKII kinase activity boosts the activity of cortical PV neurons, and that kinase activity is important for homeostatic sleep rebound. Here, we propose that CaMKII-dependent PV-neuron activity represents negative feedback inhibition of cortical neural excitability, which serves as the distributive cortical circuits for sleep homeostatic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Kon
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Koji L Ode
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Mano
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Information Physics and Computing, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Computational Neuroethology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujishima
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Riina R Takahashi
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tone
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chika Shimizu
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Shiono
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Yada
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kyoko Matsuzawa
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Y Yoshida
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Yoshida Garçon
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Research Institute, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Kaneko
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Psychoimmunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rikuhiro G Yamada
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shoi Shi
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazunari Miyamichi
- Laboratory for Comparative Connectomics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenta Sumiyama
- Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kiyonari
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Chuou-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Etsuo A Susaki
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biomedicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki R Ueda
- Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Information Physics and Computing, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
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8
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Pais ML, Martins J, Castelo-Branco M, Gonçalves J. Increased susceptibility to kainate-induced seizures in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex: Importance of sex and circadian cycle. Epilepsia Open 2024. [PMID: 39010669 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Comorbidity of epilepsy and autism in tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) is very frequent, but the link between these conditions is still poorly understood. To study neurological problems related to autism, the scientific community has been using an animal model of TSC2, Tsc2+/- mice. However, it is still unknown whether this model has the propensity to exhibit increased seizure susceptibility. Further, the importance of sex and/or the circadian cycle in this biological process has never been addressed. This research aimed to determine whether male and female Tsc2+/- mice have altered seizure susceptibility at light and dark phases. METHODS We assessed seizure susceptibility and progression in a Tsc2+/- mouse model using the chemical convulsant kainic acid (KA), a potent agonist of the AMPA/kainate class of glutamate receptors. Both male and female animals at adult age were evaluated during non-active and active periods. Seizure severity was determined by integrating individual scores per mouse according to a modified Racine scale. Locomotor behavior was monitored during control and after KA administration. RESULTS We found increased seizure susceptibility in Tsc2+/- mice with a significant influence of sex and circadian cycle on seizure onset, progression, and behavioral outcomes. While, compared to controls, Tsc2+/- males overall exhibited higher susceptibility independently of circadian cycle, Tsc2+/- females were more susceptible during the dark and post-ovulatory phase. Interestingly, sexual dimorphisms related to KA susceptibility were always reported during light phase independently of the genetic background, with females being the most vulnerable. SIGNIFICANCE The enhanced susceptibility in the Tsc2 mouse model suggests that other neurological alterations, beside brain lesions, may be involved in seizure occurrence for TSC. Importantly, our work highlighted the importance of considering biological sex and circadian cycle for further studies of TSC-related epilepsy research. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare genetic disorder. It causes brain lesions and is linked to epilepsy, intellectual disability, and autism. We wanted to investigate epilepsy in this model. We found that these mice have more induced seizures than control animals. Our results show that these mice can be used in future epilepsy research for this disorder. We also found that sex and time of day can influence the results. This must be considered in this type of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana L Pais
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), R. Santa Comba, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), R. Santa Comba, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Martins
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), R. Santa Comba, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), R. Santa Comba, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), R. Santa Comba, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), R. Santa Comba, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Gonçalves
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), R. Santa Comba, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), R. Santa Comba, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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9
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Pinto MJ, Bizien L, Fabre JM, Ðukanović N, Lepetz V, Henderson F, Pujol M, Sala RW, Tarpin T, Popa D, Triller A, Léna C, Fabre V, Bessis A. Microglial TNFα controls daily changes in synaptic GABAARs and sleep slow waves. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202401041. [PMID: 38695719 PMCID: PMC11070559 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202401041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia sense the changes in their environment. How microglia actively translate these changes into suitable cues to adapt brain physiology is unknown. We reveal an activity-dependent regulation of cortical inhibitory synapses by microglia, driven by purinergic signaling acting on P2RX7 and mediated by microglia-derived TNFα. We demonstrate that sleep induces microglia-dependent synaptic enrichment of GABAARs in a manner dependent on microglial TNFα and P2RX7. We further show that microglia-specific depletion of TNFα alters slow waves during NREM sleep and blunt memory consolidation in sleep-dependent learning tasks. Together, our results reveal that microglia orchestrate sleep-intrinsic plasticity of synaptic GABAARs, sculpt sleep slow waves, and support memory consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Joana Pinto
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Lucy Bizien
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Julie M.J. Fabre
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Nina Ðukanović
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Valentin Lepetz
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Henderson
- Neurosciences Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Marine Pujol
- Neurosciences Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Romain W. Sala
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Thibault Tarpin
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Popa
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Triller
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Clément Léna
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Fabre
- Neurosciences Paris Seine—Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS—IBPS), CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Alain Bessis
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, Paris, France
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10
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Squarcio F, Tononi G, Cirelli C. Effects of non-rapid eye movement sleep on the cortical synaptic expression of GluA1-containing AMPA receptors. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 60:3961-3972. [PMID: 38973508 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Converging electrophysiological, molecular and ultrastructural evidence supports the hypothesis that sleep promotes a net decrease in excitatory synaptic strength, counteracting the net synaptic potentiation caused by ongoing learning during waking. However, several outstanding questions about sleep-dependent synaptic weakening remain. Here, we address some of these questions by using two established molecular markers of synaptic strength, the levels of the AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid) receptors containing the GluA1 subunit and the phosphorylation of GluA1 at serine 845 (p-GluA1(845)). We previously found that, in the rat cortex and hippocampus, these markers are lower after 6-8 h of sleep than after the same time spent awake. Here, we measure GluA1 and p-GluA1(845) levels in synaptosomes of mouse cortex after 5 h of either sleep, sleep deprivation, recovery sleep after sleep deprivation or selective REM sleep deprivation (32 C57BL/B6 adult mice, 16 females). We find that relative to after sleep deprivation, these synaptic markers are lower after sleep independent of whether the mice were allowed to enter REM sleep. Moreover, 5 h of recovery sleep following acute sleep deprivation is enough to renormalize their expression. Thus, the renormalization of GluA1 and p-GluA1(845) expression crucially relies on NREM sleep and can occur in a few hours of sleep after acute sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Squarcio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Chiara Cirelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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11
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Martinez JD, Wilson LG, Brancaleone WP, Peterson KG, Popke DS, Garzon VC, Perez Tremble RE, Donnelly MJ, Mendez Ortega SL, Torres D, Shaver JJ, Jiang S, Yang Z, Aton SJ. Hypnotic treatment improves sleep architecture and EEG disruptions and rescues memory deficits in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114266. [PMID: 38787724 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is associated with disrupted cognition and sleep abnormalities. Sleep loss negatively impacts cognitive function, and one untested possibility is that disrupted cognition in FXS is exacerbated by abnormal sleep. We tested whether ML297, a hypnotic acting on G-protein-activated inward-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, could reverse sleep phenotypes and disrupted memory in Fmr1-/y mice. Fmr1-/y mice exhibit reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and fragmented NREM architecture, altered sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) oscillations, and reduced EEG coherence between cortical areas; these are partially reversed following ML297 administration. Treatment following contextual fear or spatial learning restores disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1-/y mice. During memory recall, Fmr1-/y mice show an altered balance of activity among hippocampal principal neurons vs. parvalbumin-expressing interneurons; this is partially reversed by ML297. Because sleep disruption could impact neurophysiological phenotypes in FXS, augmenting sleep may improve disrupted cognition in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy D Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lydia G Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - William P Brancaleone
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kathryn G Peterson
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Donald S Popke
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Valentina Caicedo Garzon
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roxanne E Perez Tremble
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcus J Donnelly
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Daniel Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James J Shaver
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhongying Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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12
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Zhao W, Zhao S, Wei R, Wang Z, Zhang F, Zong F, Zhang HT. cGAS/STING signaling pathway-mediated microglial activation in the PFC underlies chronic ethanol exposure-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112185. [PMID: 38701540 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Chronic ethanol consumption is a prevalent condition in contemporary society and exacerbates anxiety symptoms in healthy individuals. The activation of microglia, leading to neuroinflammatory responses, may serve as a significant precipitating factor; however, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. In this study, we initially confirmed that chronic ethanol exposure (CEE) induces anxiety-like behaviors in mice through open field test and elevated plus maze test. The cGAS/STING signaling pathway has been confirmed to exhibits a significant association with inflammatory signaling responses in both peripheral and central systems. Western blot analysis confirmed alterations in the cGAS/STING signaling pathway during CEE, including the upregulation of p-TBK1 and p-IRF3 proteins. Moreover, we observed microglial activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of CEE mice, characterized by significant alterations in branching morphology and an increase in cell body size. Additionally, we observed that administration of CEE resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction within the PFC of mice, accompanied by a significant elevation in cytosolic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels. Furthermore, our findings revealed that the inhibition of STING by H-151 effectively alleviated anxiety-like behavior and suppressed microglial activation induced by CEE. Our study unveiled a significant association between anxiety-like behavior, microglial activation, inflammation, and mitochondria dysfunction during CEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266073, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266073, China
| | - Ran Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266073, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266073, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266073, China
| | - Fangjiao Zong
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266073, China.
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266073, China.
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13
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Chatburn A, Lushington K, Cross ZR. Considerations towards a neurobiologically-informed EEG measurement of sleepiness. Brain Res 2024; 1841:149088. [PMID: 38879143 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a daily experience across humans and other species, yet our understanding of how and why we sleep is presently incomplete. This is particularly prevalent in research examining the neurophysiological measurement of sleepiness in humans, where several electroencephalogram (EEG) phenomena have been linked with prolonged wakefulness. This leaves researchers without a solid basis for the measurement of homeostatic sleep need and complicates our understanding of the nature of sleep. Recent theoretical and technical advances may allow for a greater understanding of the neurobiological basis of homeostatic sleep need: this may result from increases in neuronal excitability and shifts in excitation/inhibition balance in neuronal circuits and can potentially be directly measured via the aperiodic component of the EEG. Here, we review the literature on EEG-derived markers of sleepiness in humans and argue that changes in these electrophysiological markers may actually result from neuronal activity represented by changes in aperiodic markers. We argue for the use of aperiodic markers derived from the EEG in predicting sleepiness and suggest areas for future research based on these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Chatburn
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Kurt Lushington
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Centre for Behaviour-Brain-Body: Justice and Society Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Zachariah R Cross
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, USA
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14
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Weiss JT, Blundell MZ, Singh P, Donlea JM. Sleep deprivation drives brain-wide changes in cholinergic presynapse abundance in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312664121. [PMID: 38498719 PMCID: PMC10990117 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312664121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved state that supports brain functions, including synaptic plasticity, in species across the animal kingdom. Here, we examine the neuroanatomical and cell-type distribution of presynaptic scaling in the fly brain after sleep loss. We previously found that sleep loss drives accumulation of the active zone scaffolding protein Bruchpilot (BRP) within cholinergic Kenyon cells of the Drosophila melanogaster mushroom body (MB), but not in other classes of MB neurons. To test whether similar cell type-specific trends in plasticity occur broadly across the brain, we used a flp-based genetic reporter to label presynaptic BRP in cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, or glutamatergic neurons. We then collected whole-brain confocal image stacks of BRP intensity to systematically quantify BRP, a marker of presynapse abundance, across 37 neuropil regions of the central fly brain. Our results indicate that sleep loss, either by overnight (12-h) mechanical stimulation or chronic sleep disruption in insomniac mutants, broadly elevates cholinergic synapse abundance across the brain, while synapse abundance in neurons that produce other neurotransmitters undergoes weaker, if any, changes. Extending sleep deprivation to 24 h drives brain-wide upscaling in glutamatergic, but not other, synapses. Finally, overnight male-male social pairings induce increased BRP in excitatory synapses despite male-female pairings eliciting more waking activity, suggesting experience-specific plasticity. Within neurotransmitter class and waking context, BRP changes are similar across the 37 neuropil domains, indicating that similar synaptic scaling rules may apply across the brain during acute sleep loss and that sleep need may broadly alter excitatory-inhibitory balance in the central brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline T. Weiss
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
- Neuroscience Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Mei Z. Blundell
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Prabhjit Singh
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
| | - Jeffrey M. Donlea
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA90095
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15
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Salvatore SV, Lambert PM, Benz A, Rensing NR, Wong M, Zorumski CF, Mennerick S. Periodic and aperiodic changes to cortical EEG in response to pharmacological manipulation. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:529-540. [PMID: 38323322 PMCID: PMC11305649 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00445.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical electroencephalograms (EEGs) may help understanding of neuropsychiatric illness and new treatment mechanisms. The aperiodic component (1/f) of EEG power spectra is often treated as noise, but recent studies suggest that changes to the aperiodic exponent of power spectra may reflect changes in excitation/inhibition balance, a concept linked to antidepressant effects, epilepsy, autism, and other clinical conditions. One confound of previous studies is behavioral state, because factors associated with behavioral state other than excitation/inhibition ratio may alter EEG parameters. Thus, to test the robustness of the aperiodic exponent as a predictor of excitation/inhibition ratio, we analyzed video-EEG during active exploration in mice of both sexes during various pharmacological manipulations with the fitting oscillations and one over f (FOOOF) algorithm. We found that GABAA receptor (GABAAR)-positive allosteric modulators increased the aperiodic exponent, consistent with the hypothesis that an increased exponent signals enhanced cortical inhibition, but other drugs (ketamine and GABAAR antagonists at subconvulsive doses) did not follow the prediction. To tilt excitation/inhibition ratio more selectively toward excitation, we suppressed the activity of parvalbumin-positive interneurons with Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs). Contrary to our expectations, circuit disinhibition with the DREADD increased the aperiodic exponent. We conclude that the aperiodic exponent of EEG power spectra does not yield a universally reliable marker of cortical excitation/inhibition ratio.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Neuropsychiatric illness may be associated with altered excitation/inhibition balance. A single electroencephalogram (EEG) parameter, the aperiodic exponent of power spectra, may predict the ratio between excitation and inhibition. Here, we use cortical EEGs in mice to evaluate this hypothesis, using pharmacological manipulations of known mechanism. We show that the aperiodic exponent of EEG power spectra is not a reliable marker of excitation/inhibition ratio. Thus, alternative markers of this ratio must be sought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia V Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Peter M Lambert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Ann Benz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Nicholas R Rensing
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Michael Wong
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Steven Mennerick
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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16
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Xu Y, Schneider A, Wessel R, Hengen KB. Sleep restores an optimal computational regime in cortical networks. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:328-338. [PMID: 38182837 PMCID: PMC11272063 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is assumed to subserve homeostatic processes in the brain; however, the set point around which sleep tunes circuit computations is unknown. Slow-wave activity (SWA) is commonly used to reflect the homeostatic aspect of sleep; although it can indicate sleep pressure, it does not explain why animals need sleep. This study aimed to assess whether criticality may be the computational set point of sleep. By recording cortical neuron activity continuously for 10-14 d in freely behaving rats, we show that normal waking experience progressively disrupts criticality and that sleep functions to restore critical dynamics. Criticality is perturbed in a context-dependent manner, and waking experience is causal in driving these effects. The degree of deviation from criticality predicts future sleep/wake behavior more accurately than SWA, behavioral history or other neural measures. Our results demonstrate that perturbation and recovery of criticality is a network homeostatic mechanism consistent with the core, restorative function of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aidan Schneider
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ralf Wessel
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keith B Hengen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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17
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Niraula S, Yan SS, Subramanian J. Amyloid Pathology Impairs Experience-Dependent Inhibitory Synaptic Plasticity. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0702232023. [PMID: 38050105 PMCID: PMC10860629 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0702-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease patients and mouse models exhibit aberrant neuronal activity and altered excitatory-to-inhibitory synaptic ratio. Using multicolor two-photon microscopy, we test how amyloid pathology alters the structural dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory synapses and their adaptation to altered visual experience in vivo in the visual cortex. We show that the baseline dynamics of mature excitatory synapses and their adaptation to visual deprivation are not altered in amyloidosis. Likewise, the baseline dynamics of inhibitory synapses are not affected. In contrast, visual deprivation fails to induce inhibitory synapse loss in amyloidosis, a phenomenon observed in nonpathological conditions. Intriguingly, inhibitory synapse loss associated with visual deprivation in nonpathological mice is accompanied by subtle broadening of spontaneous but not visually evoked calcium transients. However, such broadening does not manifest in the context of amyloidosis. We also show that excitatory and inhibitory synapse loss is locally clustered under the nonpathological state. In contrast, a fraction of synapse loss is not locally clustered in amyloidosis, indicating an impairment in inhibitory synapse adaptation to changes in excitatory synaptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Niraula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
- Department of Surgery, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
| | - Jaichandar Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
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18
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Satchell M, Fry B, Noureddine Z, Simmons A, Ognjanovski NN, Aton SJ, Zochowski MR. Neuromodulation via muscarinic acetylcholine pathway can facilitate distinct, complementary, and sequential roles for NREM and REM states during sleep-dependent memory consolidation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.05.19.541465. [PMID: 38293183 PMCID: PMC10827095 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.541465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Across vertebrate species, sleep consists of repeating cycles of NREM followed by REM. However, the respective functions of NREM, REM, and their stereotypic cycling pattern are not well understood. Using a simplified biophysical network model, we show that NREM and REM sleep can play differential and critical roles in memory consolidation primarily regulated, based on state-specific changes in cholinergic signaling. Within this network, decreasing and increasing muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) signaling during bouts of NREM and REM, respectively, differentially alters neuronal excitability and excitatory/inhibitory balance. During NREM, deactivation of inhibitory neurons leads to network-wide disinhibition and bursts of synchronized activity led by firing in engram neurons. These features strengthen connections from the original engram neurons to less-active network neurons. In contrast, during REM, an increase in network inhibition suppresses firing in all but the most-active excitatory neurons, leading to competitive strengthening/pruning of the memory trace. We tested the predictions of the model against in vivo recordings from mouse hippocampus during active sleep-dependent memory storage. Consistent with modeling results, we find that functional connectivity between CA1 neurons changes differentially at transition from NREM to REM sleep during learning. Returning to the model, we find that an iterative sequence of state-specific activations during NREM/REM cycling is essential for memory storage in the network, serving a critical role during simultaneous consolidation of multiple memories. Together these results provide a testable mechanistic hypothesis for the respective roles of NREM and REM sleep, and their universal relative timing, in memory consolidation. Significance statement Using a simplified computational model and in vivo recordings from mouse hippocampus, we show that NREM and REM sleep can play differential roles in memory consolidation. The specific neurophysiological features of the two sleep states allow for expansion of memory traces (during NREM) and prevention of overlap between different memory traces (during REM). These features are likely essential in the context of storing more than one new memory simultaneously within a brain network.
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19
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Wan C, Song X, Zhang Z, Hu W, Chen Y, Sun W, Liu Z, Wang S, Meng W. Voluntary exercise during puberty promotes spatial memory and hippocampal DG/CA3 synaptic transmission in mice. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad497. [PMID: 38124544 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise has been shown to have an impact on memory and hippocampal function across different age groups. Nevertheless, the influence and mechanisms underlying how voluntary exercise during puberty affects memory are still inadequately comprehended. This research aims to examine the impacts of self-initiated physical activity throughout adolescence on spatial memory. Developing mice were exposed to a 4-wk voluntary wheel running exercise protocol, commencing at the age of 30 d. After engaging in voluntary wheel running exercise during development, there was an enhancement in spatial memory. Moreover, hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 neurons rather than CA1 neurons exhibited an increase in the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of NR2A/NR2B subunits of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and α1GABAA subunit of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, as well as dendritic spine density, specifically within dentate gyrus and CA3 regions rather than CA1 region. The findings suggest that voluntary exercise during development can enhance spatial memory in mice by increasing synapse numbers and improving synaptic transmission in hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 regions, but not in CA1 region. This study sheds light on the neural mechanisms underlying how early-life exercise improves cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjian Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Xueqing Song
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Zhuyu Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 33001, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Zhibin Liu
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Songhua Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
- School of Physical Education and Health, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Rd, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province 330013, China
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20
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Bosetti C, Ferrini L, Ferrari AR, Bartolini E, Calderoni S. Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Abnormalities of Clinical EEG: A Qualitative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:279. [PMID: 38202286 PMCID: PMC10779511 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the comorbidity between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and epilepsy has been widely demonstrated, and many hypotheses regarding the common neurobiological bases of these disorders have been put forward. A variable, but significant, prevalence of abnormalities on electroencephalogram (EEG) has been documented in non-epileptic children with ASD; therefore, several scientific studies have recently tried to demonstrate the role of these abnormalities as a possible biomarker of altered neural connectivity in ASD individuals. This narrative review intends to summarize the main findings of the recent scientific literature regarding abnormalities detected with standard EEG in children/adolescents with idiopathic ASD. Research using three different databases (PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar) was conducted, resulting in the selection of 10 original articles. Despite an important lack of studies on preschoolers and a deep heterogeneity in results, some authors speculated on a possible association between EEG abnormalities and ASD characteristics, in particular, the severity of symptoms. Although this correlation needs to be more strongly elucidated, these findings may encourage future studies aimed at demonstrating the role of electrical brain abnormalities as an early biomarker of neural circuit alterations in ASD, highlighting the potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value of EEG in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bosetti
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.B.); (L.F.); (A.R.F.); (S.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.B.); (L.F.); (A.R.F.); (S.C.)
- Department of Translational Research and of New Surgical and Medical Technologies, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Ferrari
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.B.); (L.F.); (A.R.F.); (S.C.)
| | - Emanuele Bartolini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.B.); (L.F.); (A.R.F.); (S.C.)
- Tuscany PhD Programme in Neurosciences, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Calderoni
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (C.B.); (L.F.); (A.R.F.); (S.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Medel V, Irani M, Crossley N, Ossandón T, Boncompte G. Complexity and 1/f slope jointly reflect brain states. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21700. [PMID: 38065976 PMCID: PMC10709649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47316-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of brain states is essential for understanding its functioning in the absence of external stimuli. Brain states differ on their balance between excitation and inhibition, and on the diversity of their activity patterns. These can be respectively indexed by 1/f slope and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZc). However, whether and how these two brain state properties relate remain elusive. Here we analyzed the relation between 1/f slope and LZc with two in-silico approaches and in both rat EEG and monkey ECoG data. We contrasted resting state with propofol anesthesia, which directly modulates the excitation-inhibition balance. We found convergent results among simulated and empirical data, showing a strong, inverse and non trivial monotonic relation between 1/f slope and complexity, consistent at both ECoG and EEG scales. We hypothesize that differentially entropic regimes could underlie the link between the excitation-inhibition balance and the vastness of the repertoire of brain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Medel
- Latin American Health Brain Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Martín Irani
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Nicolás Crossley
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Ossandón
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Schools of Engineering, Medicine and Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gonzalo Boncompte
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- División de Anestesiología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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22
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Liu L, Luo Z, Mai Y, Lu Y, Sun Z, Chen J, Zeng T, Chen L, Liu Z, Yang H, Xu Q, Lan L, Tang C. Dexmedetomidine relieves inflammatory pain by enhancing GABAergic synaptic activity in pyramidal neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109710. [PMID: 37683885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyramidal neuron (Pyn) hyperactivity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is involved in the modulation of pain. Previous studies indicate that the activation of α2 adrenoceptors (α2-ARs) by dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a safe and effective means of alleviating multiple types of pain. Here, we showed that systemically administered DEX can ameliorate the inflammatory pain induced by hindpaw injection of formalin (FA) and further examined the molecular and synaptic mechanisms of this DEX-elicited antinociceptive effect. We found that FA caused an increase in c-Fos expression in contralateral layer 2/3 (L2/3) ACC, and that intra-ACC infusion of DEX could also relieve phase 2 inflammatory pain behavior. DEX elicited an increase in the amplitude and frequency of miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSCs) and evoked IPSC amplitude, as well as a reduction in the hyperexcitability and both paired-pulse and excitation/inhibition ratios in contralateral L2/3 ACC Pyns of FA mice. These electrophysiological effects were associated with the upregulation of GABA A receptor (GABAAR) subunits. The interaction of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) with GABAAR subunits increased in the ACC following administration of DEX. These results suggest that DEX treatment reduces hyperactivity and enhances GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission in ACC Pyns, which produces analgesic effects by increasing GABAAR levels and activating the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhihao Luo
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuanying Mai
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510130, China
| | - Zhaoxia Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Tianyu Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zihao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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23
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Radulescu CI, Doostdar N, Zabouri N, Melgosa-Ecenarro L, Wang X, Sadeh S, Pavlidi P, Airey J, Kopanitsa M, Clopath C, Barnes SJ. Age-related dysregulation of homeostatic control in neuronal microcircuits. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:2158-2170. [PMID: 37919424 PMCID: PMC10689243 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal homeostasis prevents hyperactivity and hypoactivity. Age-related hyperactivity suggests homeostasis may be dysregulated in later life. However, plasticity mechanisms preventing age-related hyperactivity and their efficacy in later life are unclear. We identify the adult cortical plasticity response to elevated activity driven by sensory overstimulation, then test how plasticity changes with age. We use in vivo two-photon imaging of calcium-mediated cellular/synaptic activity, electrophysiology and c-Fos-activity tagging to show control of neuronal activity is dysregulated in the visual cortex in late adulthood. Specifically, in young adult cortex, mGluR5-dependent population-wide excitatory synaptic weakening and inhibitory synaptogenesis reduce cortical activity following overstimulation. In later life, these mechanisms are downregulated, so that overstimulation results in synaptic strengthening and elevated activity. We also find overstimulation disrupts cognition in older but not younger animals. We propose that specific plasticity mechanisms fail in later life dysregulating neuronal microcircuit homeostasis and that the age-related response to overstimulation can impact cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola I Radulescu
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Nazanin Doostdar
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Nawal Zabouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Leire Melgosa-Ecenarro
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Xingjian Wang
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Sadra Sadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Pavlina Pavlidi
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Joe Airey
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Claudia Clopath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Samuel J Barnes
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
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24
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Fan JM, Kudo K, Verma P, Ranasinghe KG, Morise H, Findlay AM, Vossel K, Kirsch HE, Raj A, Krystal AD, Nagarajan SS. Cortical Synchrony and Information Flow during Transition from Wakefulness to Light Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep. J Neurosci 2023; 43:8157-8171. [PMID: 37788939 PMCID: PMC10697405 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0197-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a highly stereotyped phenomenon, requiring robust spatiotemporal coordination of neural activity. Understanding how the brain coordinates neural activity with sleep onset can provide insights into the physiological functions subserved by sleep and the pathologic phenomena associated with sleep onset. We quantified whole-brain network changes in synchrony and information flow during the transition from wakefulness to light non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, using MEG imaging in a convenient sample of 14 healthy human participants (11 female; mean 63.4 years [SD 11.8 years]). We furthermore performed computational modeling to infer excitatory and inhibitory properties of local neural activity. The transition from wakefulness to light NREM was identified to be encoded in spatially and temporally specific patterns of long-range synchrony. Within the delta band, there was a global increase in connectivity from wakefulness to light NREM, which was highest in frontoparietal regions. Within the theta band, there was an increase in connectivity in fronto-parieto-occipital regions and a decrease in temporal regions from wakefulness to Stage 1 sleep. Patterns of information flow revealed that mesial frontal regions receive hierarchically organized inputs from broad cortical regions upon sleep onset, including direct inflow from occipital regions and indirect inflow via parieto-temporal regions within the delta frequency band. Finally, biophysical neural mass modeling demonstrated changes in the anterior-to-posterior distribution of cortical excitation-to-inhibition with increased excitation-to-inhibition model parameters in anterior regions in light NREM compared with wakefulness. Together, these findings uncover whole-brain corticocortical structure and the orchestration of local and long-range, frequency-specific cortical interactions in the sleep-wake transition.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our work uncovers spatiotemporal cortical structure of neural synchrony and information flow upon the transition from wakefulness to light non-rapid eye movement sleep. Mesial frontal regions were identified to receive hierarchically organized inputs from broad cortical regions, including both direct inputs from occipital regions and indirect inputs via the parieto-temporal regions within the delta frequency range. Biophysical neural mass modeling revealed a spatially heterogeneous, anterior-posterior distribution of cortical excitation-to-inhibition. Our findings shed light on the orchestration of local and long-range cortical neural structure that is fundamental to sleep onset, and support an emerging view of cortically driven regulation of sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joline M Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Kiwamu Kudo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
- Medical Imaging Center, Ricoh Company, Ltd., Kanazawa, Japan 243-0460
| | - Parul Verma
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Kamalini G Ranasinghe
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Hirofumi Morise
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
- Medical Imaging Center, Ricoh Company, Ltd., Kanazawa, Japan 243-0460
| | - Anne M Findlay
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Keith Vossel
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
- Mary S. Easton Center for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Heidi E Kirsch
- Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Ashish Raj
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
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25
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Ford K, Zuin E, Righelli D, Medina E, Schoch H, Singletary K, Muheim C, Frank MG, Hicks SC, Risso D, Peixoto L. A Global Transcriptional Atlas of the Effect of Sleep Deprivation in the Mouse Frontal Cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.28.569011. [PMID: 38076891 PMCID: PMC10705260 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.569011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) has negative effects on brain function. Sleep problems are prevalent in neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Thus, understanding the molecular consequences of SD is of fundamental importance in neuroscience. In this study, we present the first simultaneous bulk and single-nuclear (sn)RNA sequencing characterization of the effects of SD in the mouse frontal cortex. We show that SD predominantly affects glutamatergic neurons, specifically in layers 4 and 5, and produces isoform switching of thousands of transcripts. At both the global and cell-type specific level, SD has a large repressive effect on transcription, down-regulating thousands of genes and transcripts; underscoring the importance of accounting for the effects of sleep loss in transcriptome studies of brain function. As a resource we provide extensive characterizations of cell types, genes, transcripts and pathways affected by SD; as well as tutorials for data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Ford
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Elena Zuin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Dario Righelli
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Medina
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Hannah Schoch
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Kristan Singletary
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Christine Muheim
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Marcos G Frank
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Stephanie C Hicks
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare, Johns Hopkins University, MD, USA
| | - Davide Risso
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Peixoto
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Sleep and Performance Research Center. Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine. Washington State University, Spokane, WA
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26
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Chojnacka M, Beroun A, Magnowska M, Stawikowska A, Cysewski D, Milek J, Dziembowska M, Kuzniewska B. Impaired synaptic incorporation of AMPA receptors in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1258615. [PMID: 38025260 PMCID: PMC10665894 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1258615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common monogenetic cause of inherited intellectual disability and autism in humans. One of the well-characterized molecular phenotypes of Fmr1 KO mice, a model of FXS, is increased translation of synaptic proteins. Although this upregulation stabilizes in adulthood, abnormalities during the critical period of plasticity have long-term effects on circuit formation and synaptic properties. Using high-resolution quantitative proteomics of synaptoneurosomes isolated from the adult, developed brains of Fmr1 KO mice, we show a differential abundance of proteins regulating the postsynaptic receptor activity of glutamatergic synapses. We investigated the AMPA receptor composition and shuttling in adult Fmr1 KO and WT mice using a variety of complementary experimental strategies such as surface protein crosslinking, immunostaining of surface receptors, and electrophysiology. We discovered that the activity-dependent synaptic delivery of AMPARs is impaired in adult Fmr1 KO mice. Furthermore, we show that Fmr1 KO synaptic AMPARs contain more GluA2 subunits that can be interpreted as a switch in the synaptic AMPAR subtype toward an increased number of Ca2+-impermeable receptors in adult Fmr1 KO synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chojnacka
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Beroun
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Magnowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Stawikowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominik Cysewski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Milek
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Dziembowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kuzniewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Synaptic Plasticity, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Pracucci E, Graham RT, Alberio L, Nardi G, Cozzolino O, Pillai V, Pasquini G, Saieva L, Walsh D, Landi S, Zhang J, Trevelyan AJ, Ratto GM. Daily rhythm in cortical chloride homeostasis underpins functional changes in visual cortex excitability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7108. [PMID: 37925453 PMCID: PMC10625537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical activity patterns are strongly modulated by fast synaptic inhibition mediated through ionotropic, chloride-conducting receptors. Consequently, chloride homeostasis is ideally placed to regulate activity. We therefore investigated the stability of baseline [Cl-]i in adult mouse neocortex, using in vivo two-photon imaging. We found a two-fold increase in baseline [Cl-]i in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons, from day to night, with marked effects upon both physiological cortical processing and seizure susceptibility. Importantly, the night-time activity can be converted to the day-time pattern by local inhibition of NKCC1, while inhibition of KCC2 converts day-time [Cl-]i towards night-time levels. Changes in the surface expression and phosphorylation of the cation-chloride cotransporters, NKCC1 and KCC2, matched these pharmacological effects. When we extended the dark period by 4 h, mice remained active, but [Cl-]i was modulated as for animals in normal light cycles. Our data thus demonstrate a daily [Cl-]i modulation with complex effects on cortical excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Pracucci
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Robert T Graham
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura Alberio
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gabriele Nardi
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Olga Cozzolino
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vinoshene Pillai
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pasquini
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luciano Saieva
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Darren Walsh
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Silvia Landi
- Institute of Neuroscience CNR, Pisa, Italy
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Institute of Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology. Research Center of Chemical Kinomics, Shangai. Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Andrew J Trevelyan
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Gian-Michele Ratto
- National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology (NEST), Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Scuola Normale Superiore Pisa, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
- Institute of Neuroscience CNR, Pisa, Italy.
- Padova Neuroscience Center, Padova, Italy.
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28
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Andrei AR, Akil AE, Kharas N, Rosenbaum R, Josić K, Dragoi V. Rapid compensatory plasticity revealed by dynamic correlated activity in monkeys in vivo. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1960-1969. [PMID: 37828225 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
To produce adaptive behavior, neural networks must balance between plasticity and stability. Computational work has demonstrated that network stability requires plasticity mechanisms to be counterbalanced by rapid compensatory processes. However, such processes have yet to be experimentally observed. Here we demonstrate that repeated optogenetic activation of excitatory neurons in monkey visual cortex (area V1) induces a population-wide dynamic reduction in the strength of neuronal interactions over the timescale of minutes during the awake state, but not during rest. This new form of rapid plasticity was observed only in the correlation structure, with firing rates remaining stable across trials. A computational network model operating in the balanced regime confirmed experimental findings and revealed that inhibitory plasticity is responsible for the decrease in correlated activity in response to repeated light stimulation. These results provide the first experimental evidence for rapid homeostatic plasticity that primarily operates during wakefulness, which stabilizes neuronal interactions during strong network co-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana R Andrei
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Alan E Akil
- Departments of Mathematics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natasha Kharas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Rosenbaum
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Krešimir Josić
- Departments of Mathematics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Valentin Dragoi
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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29
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Yang B, Zhang H, Jiang T, Yu S. Natural brain state change with E/I balance shifting toward inhibition is associated with vigilance impairment. iScience 2023; 26:107963. [PMID: 37822500 PMCID: PMC10562778 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The delicate balance between cortical excitation and inhibition (E/I) plays a pivotal role in brain state changes. While previous studies have associated cortical hyperexcitability with brain state changes induced by sleep deprivation, whether cortical hypoexcitability is also linked to brain state changes and, if so, how it could affect cognitive performance remain unknown. Here, we address these questions by examining the brain state change occurring after meals, i.e., postprandial somnolence, and comparing it with that induced by sleep deprivation. By analyzing features representing network excitability based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, we confirmed cortical hyperexcitability under sleep deprivation but revealed hypoexcitability under postprandial somnolence. In addition, we found that both sleep deprivation and postprandial somnolence adversely affected the level of vigilance. These results indicate that cortical E/I balance toward inhibition is associated with brain state changes, and deviation from the balanced state, regardless of its direction, could impair cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghao Yang
- Brainnetome Center, Laboratory of Brain Atlas and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Brainnetome Center, Laboratory of Brain Atlas and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Tianzi Jiang
- Brainnetome Center, Laboratory of Brain Atlas and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Research Center for Augmented Intelligence, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Shan Yu
- Brainnetome Center, Laboratory of Brain Atlas and Brain-inspired Intelligence, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
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30
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Villar-Pazos S, Thomas L, Yang Y, Chen K, Lyles JB, Deitch BJ, Ochaba J, Ling K, Powers B, Gingras S, Kordasiewicz HB, Grubisha MJ, Huang YH, Thomas G. Neural deficits in a mouse model of PACS1 syndrome are corrected with PACS1- or HDAC6-targeting therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6547. [PMID: 37848409 PMCID: PMC10582149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PACS1 syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) caused by a recurrent de novo missense mutation in PACS1 (p.Arg203Trp (PACS1R203W)). The mechanism by which PACS1R203W causes PACS1 syndrome is unknown, and no curative treatment is available. Here, we use patient cells and PACS1 syndrome mice to show that PACS1 (or PACS-1) is an HDAC6 effector and that the R203W substitution increases the PACS1/HDAC6 interaction, aberrantly potentiating deacetylase activity. Consequently, PACS1R203W reduces acetylation of α-tubulin and cortactin, causing the Golgi ribbon in hippocampal neurons and patient-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) to fragment and overpopulate dendrites, increasing their arborization. The dendrites, however, are beset with varicosities, diminished spine density, and fewer functional synapses, characteristic of NDDs. Treatment of PACS1 syndrome mice or patient NPCs with PACS1- or HDAC6-targeting antisense oligonucleotides, or HDAC6 inhibitors, restores neuronal structure and synaptic transmission in prefrontal cortex, suggesting that targeting PACS1R203W/HDAC6 may be an effective therapy for PACS1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Villar-Pazos
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurel Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Yunhan Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jenea B Lyles
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Bradley J Deitch
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | | | - Karen Ling
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | - Sebastien Gingras
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Melanie J Grubisha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yanhua H Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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31
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Hernández-Frausto M, Bilash OM, Masurkar AV, Basu J. Local and long-range GABAergic circuits in hippocampal area CA1 and their link to Alzheimer's disease. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1223891. [PMID: 37841892 PMCID: PMC10570439 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1223891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
GABAergic inhibitory neurons are the principal source of inhibition in the brain. Traditionally, their role in maintaining the balance of excitation-inhibition has been emphasized. Beyond homeostatic functions, recent circuit mapping and functional manipulation studies have revealed a wide range of specific roles that GABAergic circuits play in dynamically tilting excitation-inhibition coupling across spatio-temporal scales. These span from gating of compartment- and input-specific signaling, gain modulation, shaping input-output functions and synaptic plasticity, to generating signal-to-noise contrast, defining temporal windows for integration and rate codes, as well as organizing neural assemblies, and coordinating inter-regional synchrony. GABAergic circuits are thus instrumental in controlling single-neuron computations and behaviorally-linked network activity. The activity dependent modulation of sensory and mnemonic information processing by GABAergic circuits is pivotal for the formation and maintenance of episodic memories in the hippocampus. Here, we present an overview of the local and long-range GABAergic circuits that modulate the dynamics of excitation-inhibition and disinhibition in the main output area of the hippocampus CA1, which is crucial for episodic memory. Specifically, we link recent findings pertaining to GABAergic neuron molecular markers, electrophysiological properties, and synaptic wiring with their function at the circuit level. Lastly, given that area CA1 is particularly impaired during early stages of Alzheimer's disease, we emphasize how these GABAergic circuits may contribute to and be involved in the pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Hernández-Frausto
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Olesia M. Bilash
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Arjun V. Masurkar
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jayeeta Basu
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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32
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Salvatore SV, Lambert PM, Benz A, Rensing NR, Wong M, Zorumski CF, Mennerick S. Periodic and aperiodic changes to cortical EEG in response to pharmacological manipulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.21.558828. [PMID: 37790570 PMCID: PMC10542500 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.558828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Cortical electroencephalograms (EEG) may help understanding of neuropsychiatric illness and new treatment mechanisms. The aperiodic component (1/ f ) of EEG power spectra is often treated as noise, but recent studies suggest that changes to the aperiodic exponent of power spectra may reflect changes in excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance, a concept linked to antidepressant effects, epilepsy, autism, and other clinical conditions. One confound of previous studies is behavioral state, because factors associated with behavioral state other than E/I ratio may alter EEG parameters. Thus, to test the robustness of the aperiodic exponent as a predictor of E/I ratio, we analyzed active exploration in mice using video EEG following various pharmacological manipulations with the Fitting Oscillations & One Over F (FOOOF) algorithm. We found that GABA A receptor (GABA A R) positive allosteric modulators increased the aperiodic exponent, consistent with the hypothesis that an increased exponent signals enhanced cortical inhibition, but other drugs (ketamine and GABA A R antagonists at sub-convulsive doses) did not follow the prediction. To tilt E/I ratio more selectively toward excitation, we suppressed the activity of parvalbumin (PV) interneurons with Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs). Contrary to our expectations and studies demonstrating increased cortical activity following PV suppression, circuit disinhibition with the DREADD increased the aperiodic exponent. We conclude that the aperiodic exponent of EEG power spectra does not yield a universally reliable marker of E/I ratio. Alternatively, the concept of E/I state may be sufficiently oversimplified that it cannot be mapped readily onto an EEG parameter. Significance StateBment Neuropsychiatric illness is widely prevalent and debilitating. Causes are not well understood, but some hypotheses point toward altered excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance. Here, we use cortical electroencephalograms (EEG) in mice, given applicability of cortical EEG across species, and evaluate the impact of validated drugs, including anxiolytics (pentobarbital and diazepam), along with novel rapid-acting antidepressants (ketamine and allopregnanolone). We focus on analyzing the aperiodic component of EEG power spectra, which may be associated with changes in E/I ratio. We show that aperiodic exponent of EEG power spectra is not a reliable marker of E/I ratio. Moreover, the concept of E/I ratio may be too broad and complex to be defined by an EEG parameter.
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33
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Jacob MS, Sargent K, Roach BJ, Shamshiri EA, Mathalon DH, Ford JM. The Scanner as the Stimulus: Deficient Gamma-BOLD Coupling in Schizophrenia at Rest. Schizophr Bull 2023; 49:1364-1374. [PMID: 37098100 PMCID: PMC10483456 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanners are unavoidably loud and uncomfortable experimental tools that are necessary for schizophrenia (SZ) neuroscience research. The validity of fMRI paradigms might be undermined by well-known sensory processing abnormalities in SZ that could exert distinct effects on neural activity in the presence of scanner background sound. Given the ubiquity of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) paradigms in SZ research, elucidating the relationship between neural, hemodynamic, and sensory processing deficits during scanning is necessary to refine the construct validity of the MR neuroimaging environment. We recorded simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-fMRI at rest in people with SZ (n = 57) and healthy control participants without a psychiatric diagnosis (n = 46) and identified gamma EEG activity in the same frequency range as the background sounds emitted from our scanner during a resting-state sequence. In participants with SZ, gamma coupling to the hemodynamic signal was reduced in bilateral auditory regions of the superior temporal gyri. Impaired gamma-hemodynamic coupling was associated with sensory gating deficits and worse symptom severity. Fundamental sensory-neural processing deficits in SZ are present at rest when considering scanner background sound as a "stimulus." This finding may impact the interpretation of rs-fMRI activity in studies of people with SZ. Future neuroimaging research in SZ might consider background sound as a confounding variable, potentially related to fluctuations in neural excitability and arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Jacob
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaia Sargent
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Brian J Roach
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Elhum A Shamshiri
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Lendner JD, Niethard N, Mander BA, van Schalkwijk FJ, Schuh-Hofer S, Schmidt H, Knight RT, Born J, Walker MP, Lin JJ, Helfrich RF. Human REM sleep recalibrates neural activity in support of memory formation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1895. [PMID: 37624898 PMCID: PMC10456851 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The proposed mechanisms of sleep-dependent memory consolidation involve the overnight regulation of neural activity at both synaptic and whole-network levels. Now, there is a lack of in vivo data in humans elucidating if, and how, sleep and its varied stages balance neural activity, and if such recalibration benefits memory. We combined electrophysiology with in vivo two-photon calcium imaging in rodents as well as intracranial and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in humans to reveal a key role for non-oscillatory brain activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep to mediate sleep-dependent recalibration of neural population dynamics. The extent of this REM sleep recalibration predicted the success of overnight memory consolidation, expressly the modulation of hippocampal-neocortical activity, favoring remembering rather than forgetting. The findings describe a non-oscillatory mechanism how human REM sleep modulates neural population activity to enhance long-term memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna D. Lendner
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neurology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Niethard
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Bryce A. Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, UC Irvine, 101 The City Dr, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Frank J. van Schalkwijk
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neurology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Schuh-Hofer
- Department of Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hannah Schmidt
- Department of Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Robert T. Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, 130 Barker Hall, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Matthew P. Walker
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, UC Berkeley, 130 Barker Hall, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Psychology, UC Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jack J. Lin
- Department of Neurology, UC Davis, 3160 Folsom Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95816, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Pl, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Randolph F. Helfrich
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for Neurology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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35
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Martinez JD, Wilson LG, Brancaleone WP, Peterson KG, Popke DS, Garzon VC, Perez Tremble RE, Donnelly MJ, Mendez Ortega SL, Torres D, Shaver JJ, Clawson BC, Jiang S, Yang Z, Aton SJ. Hypnotic treatment reverses NREM sleep disruption and EEG desynchronization in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome to rescue memory consolidation deficits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.14.549070. [PMID: 37502832 PMCID: PMC10370139 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.14.549070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a highly-prevalent genetic cause of intellectual disability, associated with disrupted cognition and sleep abnormalities. Sleep loss itself negatively impacts cognitive function, yet the contribution of sleep loss to impaired cognition in FXS is vastly understudied. One untested possibility is that disrupted cognition in FXS is exacerbated by abnormal sleep. We hypothesized that restoration of sleep-dependent mechanisms could improve functions such as memory consolidation in FXS. We examined whether administration of ML297, a hypnotic drug acting on G-protein-activated inward-rectifying potassium channels, could restore sleep phenotypes and improve disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1 -/y mice. Using 24-h polysomnographic recordings, we found that Fmr1 -/y mice exhibit reduced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and fragmented NREM sleep architecture, alterations in NREM EEG spectral power (including reductions in sleep spindles), and reduced EEG coherence between cortical areas. These alterations were reversed in the hours following ML297 administration. Hypnotic treatment following contextual fear or spatial learning also ameliorated disrupted memory consolidation in Fmr1 -/y mice. Hippocampal activation patterns during memory recall was altered in Fmr1 -/y mice, reflecting an altered balance of activity among principal neurons vs. parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons. This phenotype was partially reversed by post-learning ML297 administration. These studies suggest that sleep disruption could have a major impact on neurophysiological and behavioral phenotypes in FXS, and that hypnotic therapy may significantly improve disrupted cognition in this disorder.
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36
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Yamada T, Watanabe T, Sasaki Y. Are sleep disturbances a cause or consequence of autism spectrum disorder? Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:377-385. [PMID: 36949621 PMCID: PMC10871071 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core symptoms such as atypical social communication, stereotyped behaviors, and restricted interests. One of the comorbid symptoms of individuals with ASD is sleep disturbance. There are two major hypotheses regarding the neural mechanism underlying ASD, i.e., the excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance and the altered neuroplasticity hypotheses. However, the pathology of ASD remains unclear due to inconsistent research results. This paper argues that sleep is a confounding factor, thus, must be considered when examining the pathology of ASD because sleep plays an important role in modulating the E/I balance and neuroplasticity in the human brain. Investigation of the E/I balance and neuroplasticity during sleep might enhance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of ASD. It may also lead to the development of neurobiologically informed interventions to supplement existing psychosocial therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamada
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, 02912, USA
| | - Takeo Watanabe
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, 02912, USA
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, 02912, USA
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37
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Calafate S, Özturan G, Thrupp N, Vanderlinden J, Santa-Marinha L, Morais-Ribeiro R, Ruggiero A, Bozic I, Rusterholz T, Lorente-Echeverría B, Dias M, Chen WT, Fiers M, Lu A, Vlaeminck I, Creemers E, Craessaerts K, Vandenbempt J, van Boekholdt L, Poovathingal S, Davie K, Thal DR, Wierda K, Oliveira TG, Slutsky I, Adamantidis A, De Strooper B, de Wit J. Early alterations in the MCH system link aberrant neuronal activity and sleep disturbances in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41593-023-01325-4. [PMID: 37188873 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Early Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with hippocampal hyperactivity and decreased sleep quality. Here we show that homeostatic mechanisms transiently counteract the increased excitatory drive to CA1 neurons in AppNL-G-F mice, but that this mechanism fails in older mice. Spatial transcriptomics analysis identifies Pmch as part of the adaptive response in AppNL-G-F mice. Pmch encodes melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), which is produced in sleep-active lateral hypothalamic neurons that project to CA1 and modulate memory. We show that MCH downregulates synaptic transmission, modulates firing rate homeostasis in hippocampal neurons and reverses the increased excitatory drive to CA1 neurons in AppNL-G-F mice. AppNL-G-F mice spend less time in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. AppNL-G-F mice and individuals with AD show progressive changes in morphology of CA1-projecting MCH axons. Our findings identify the MCH system as vulnerable in early AD and suggest that impaired MCH-system function contributes to aberrant excitatory drive and sleep defects, which can compromise hippocampus-dependent functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Calafate
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Gökhan Özturan
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicola Thrupp
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Vanderlinden
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luísa Santa-Marinha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rafaela Morais-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Antonella Ruggiero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ivan Bozic
- Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rusterholz
- Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Lorente-Echeverría
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcelo Dias
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Wei-Ting Chen
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Fiers
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ashley Lu
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ine Vlaeminck
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eline Creemers
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Craessaerts
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joris Vandenbempt
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luuk van Boekholdt
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Suresh Poovathingal
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kristofer Davie
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dietmar Rudolf Thal
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Neuropathology, and Leuven Brain Institute, KU-Leuven, O&N IV, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tiago Gil Oliveira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inna Slutsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Antoine Adamantidis
- Zentrum für Experimentelle Neurologie, Department of Neurology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
- UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI@UCL) at University College London, London, UK.
| | - Joris de Wit
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
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38
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Martinez JD, Donnelly MJ, Popke DS, Torres D, Wilson LG, Brancaleone WP, Sheskey S, Lin CM, Clawson BC, Jiang S, Aton SJ. Enriched binocular experience followed by sleep optimally restores binocular visual cortical responses in a mouse model of amblyopia. Commun Biol 2023; 6:408. [PMID: 37055505 PMCID: PMC10102075 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of primary visual cortex have furthered our understanding of amblyopia, long-lasting visual impairment caused by imbalanced input from the two eyes during childhood, which is commonly treated by patching the dominant eye. However, the relative impacts of monocular vs. binocular visual experiences on recovery from amblyopia are unclear. Moreover, while sleep promotes visual cortex plasticity following loss of input from one eye, its role in recovering binocular visual function is unknown. Using monocular deprivation in juvenile male mice to model amblyopia, we compared recovery of cortical neurons' visual responses after identical-duration, identical-quality binocular or monocular visual experiences. We demonstrate that binocular experience is quantitatively superior in restoring binocular responses in visual cortex neurons. However, this recovery was seen only in freely-sleeping mice; post-experience sleep deprivation prevented functional recovery. Thus, both binocular visual experience and subsequent sleep help to optimally renormalize bV1 responses in a mouse model of amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy D Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcus J Donnelly
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donald S Popke
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lydia G Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah Sheskey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cheng-Mao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brittany C Clawson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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39
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Ngo HVV, Oster H, Andreou C, Obleser J. Circadian rhythms in auditory hallucinations and psychosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13944. [PMID: 36744985 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are imprinted in all organisms and influence virtually all aspects of physiology and behavior in adaptation to the 24-h day-night cycle. This recognition of a circadian timekeeping system permeating essentially all healthy functioning of body and mind quickly leads to the realization that, in turn, human ailments should be probed for the degree to which they are rooted in or marked by disruptions and dysregulations of circadian clock functions in the human body. In this review, we will focus on psychosis as a key mental illness and foremost one of its cardinal symptoms: auditory hallucinations. We will discuss recent empirical evidence and conceptual advances probing the potential role of circadian disruption in auditory hallucinations. Moreover, a dysbalance in excitation and inhibition within cortical networks, which in turn drive a disinhibition of dopaminergic signaling, will be highlighted as central physiological mechanism. Finally, we will propose two avenues for experimentally intervening on the circadian influences to potentially alleviate hallucinations in psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Viet V Ngo
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Andreou
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jonas Obleser
- Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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40
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Gonzalez JC, Lee H, Vincent AM, Hill AL, Goode LK, King GD, Gamble KL, Wadiche JI, Overstreet-Wadiche L. Circadian regulation of dentate gyrus excitability mediated by G-protein signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112039. [PMID: 36749664 PMCID: PMC10404305 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The central circadian regulator within the suprachiasmatic nucleus transmits time of day information by a diurnal spiking rhythm driven by molecular clock genes controlling membrane excitability. Most brain regions, including the hippocampus, harbor similar intrinsic circadian transcriptional machinery, but whether these molecular programs generate oscillations of membrane properties is unclear. Here, we show that intrinsic excitability of mouse dentate granule neurons exhibits a 24-h oscillation that controls spiking probability. Diurnal changes in excitability are mediated by antiphase G-protein regulation of potassium and sodium currents that reduce excitability during the Light phase. Disruption of the circadian transcriptional machinery by conditional deletion of Bmal1 enhances excitability selectively during the Light phase by removing G-protein regulation. These results reveal that circadian transcriptional machinery regulates intrinsic excitability by coordinated regulation of ion channels by G-protein signaling, highlighting a potential novel mechanism of cell-autonomous oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Gonzalez
- Department of Neurobiology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Haeun Lee
- Department of Neurobiology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Angela M Vincent
- Department of Neurobiology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Angela L Hill
- Department of Neurobiology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lacy K Goode
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gwendalyn D King
- Department of Biology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jacques I Wadiche
- Department of Neurobiology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Linda Overstreet-Wadiche
- Department of Neurobiology and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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41
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Kim YE, Kim YS, Lee HE, So KH, Choe Y, Suh BC, Kim JH, Park SK, Mathern GW, Gleeson JG, Rah JC, Baek ST. Reversibility and developmental neuropathology of linear nevus sebaceous syndrome caused by dysregulation of the RAS pathway. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112003. [PMID: 36641749 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Linear nevus sebaceous syndrome (LNSS) is a neurocutaneous disorder caused by somatic gain-of-function mutations in KRAS or HRAS. LNSS brains have neurodevelopmental defects, including cerebral defects and epilepsy; however, its pathological mechanism and potentials for treatment are largely unclear. We show that introduction of KRASG12V in the developing mouse cortex results in subcortical nodular heterotopia and enhanced excitability, recapitulating major pathological manifestations of LNSS. Moreover, we show that decreased firing frequency of inhibitory neurons without KRASG12V expression leads to disrupted excitation and inhibition balance. Transcriptional profiling after destabilization domain-mediated clearance of KRASG12V in human neural progenitors and differentiating neurons identifies reversible functional networks underlying LNSS. Neurons expressing KRASG12V show molecular changes associated with delayed neuronal maturation, most of which are restored by KRASG12V clearance. These findings provide insights into the molecular networks underlying the reversibility of some of the neuropathologies observed in LNSS caused by dysregulation of the RAS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Eun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 7 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Kim
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61 Choemdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Eun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 7 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hurn So
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 7 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngshik Choe
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61 Choemdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chang Suh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 7 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 7 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gary W Mathern
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jong-Cheol Rah
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61 Choemdan-Ro, Dong-Gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Tae Baek
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 7 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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42
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Zhang X, Long X, Zhang SJ, Chen ZS. Excitatory-inhibitory recurrent dynamics produce robust visual grids and stable attractors. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111777. [PMID: 36516752 PMCID: PMC9805366 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially modulated grid cells have been recently found in the rat secondary visual cortex (V2) during active navigation. However, the computational mechanism and functional significance of V2 grid cells remain unknown. To address the knowledge gap, we train a biologically inspired excitatory-inhibitory recurrent neural network to perform a two-dimensional spatial navigation task with multisensory input. We find grid-like responses in both excitatory and inhibitory RNN units, which are robust with respect to spatial cues, dimensionality of visual input, and activation function. Population responses reveal a low-dimensional, torus-like manifold and attractor. We find a link between functional grid clusters with similar receptive fields and structured excitatory-to-excitatory connections. Additionally, multistable torus-like attractors emerged with increasing sparsity in inter- and intra-subnetwork connectivity. Finally, irregular grid patterns are found in recurrent neural network (RNN) units during a visual sequence recognition task. Together, our results suggest common computational mechanisms of V2 grid cells for spatial and non-spatial tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-Jia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Sage Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China; Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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43
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Kahn M, Krone LB, Blanco‐Duque C, Guillaumin MCC, Mann EO, Vyazovskiy VV. Neuronal-spiking-based closed-loop stimulation during cortical ON- and OFF-states in freely moving mice. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13603. [PMID: 35665551 PMCID: PMC9786831 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The slow oscillation is a central neuronal dynamic during sleep, and is generated by alternating periods of high and low neuronal activity (ON- and OFF-states). Mounting evidence causally links the slow oscillation to sleep's functions, and it has recently become possible to manipulate the slow oscillation non-invasively and phase-specifically. These developments represent promising clinical avenues, but they also highlight the importance of improving our understanding of how ON/OFF-states affect incoming stimuli and what role they play in neuronal plasticity. Most studies using closed-loop stimulation rely on the electroencephalogram and local field potential signals, which reflect neuronal ON- and OFF-states only indirectly. Here we develop an online detection algorithm based on spiking activity recorded from laminar arrays in mouse motor cortex. We find that online detection of ON- and OFF-states reflects specific phases of spontaneous local field potential slow oscillation. Our neuronal-spiking-based closed-loop procedure offers a novel opportunity for testing the functional role of slow oscillation in sleep-related restorative processes and neural plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kahn
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUK,Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Lukas B. Krone
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUK,Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,University Hospital of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland,Centre for Experimental NeurologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Cristina Blanco‐Duque
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUK,Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK,Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyInstitute for NeuroscienceETH, ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Edward O. Mann
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Vladyslav V. Vyazovskiy
- Department of PhysiologyAnatomy and Genetics, University of OxfordOxfordUK,Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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44
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Sleep and wake cycles dynamically modulate hippocampal inhibitory synaptic plasticity. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001812. [PMID: 36318572 PMCID: PMC9624398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential process that consolidates memories by modulating synapses through poorly understood mechanisms. Here, we report that GABAergic synapses in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons undergo daily rhythmic alterations. Specifically, wake inhibits phasic inhibition, whereas it promotes tonic inhibition compared to sleep. We further utilize a model of chemically induced inhibitory long-term potentiation (iLTP) to examine inhibitory plasticity. Intriguingly, while CA1 pyramidal neurons in both wake and sleep mice undergo iLTP, wake mice have a much higher magnitude. We also employ optogenetics and observe that inhibitory inputs from parvalbumin-, but not somatostatin-, expressing interneurons contribute to dynamic iLTP during sleep and wake. Finally, we demonstrate that synaptic insertion of α5-GABAA receptors underlies the wake-specific enhancement of iLTP at parvalbumin-synapses, which is independent of time of the day. These data reveal a previously unappreciated daily oscillation of inhibitory LTP in hippocampal neurons and uncover a dynamic contribution of inhibitory synapses in memory mechanisms across sleep and wake.
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45
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Mind blanking is a distinct mental state linked to a recurrent brain profile of globally positive connectivity during ongoing mentation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200511119. [PMID: 36194631 PMCID: PMC9564098 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200511119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind blanking (MB) is a waking state during which we do not report any mental content. The phenomenology of MB challenges the view of a constantly thinking mind. Here, we comprehensively characterize the MB's neurobehavioral profile with the aim to delineate its role during ongoing mentation. Using functional MRI experience sampling, we show that the reportability of MB is less frequent, faster, and with lower transitional dynamics than other mental states, pointing to its role as a transient mental relay. Regarding its neural underpinnings, we observed higher global signal amplitude during MB reports, indicating a distinct physiological state. Using the time-varying functional connectome, we show that MB reports can be classified with high accuracy, suggesting that MB has a unique neural composition. Indeed, a pattern of global positive-phase coherence shows the highest similarity to the connectivity patterns associated with MB reports. We interpret this pattern's rigid signal architecture as hindering content reportability due to the brain's inability to differentiate signals in an informative way. Collectively, we show that MB has a unique neurobehavioral profile, indicating that nonreportable mental events can happen during wakefulness. Our results add to the characterization of spontaneous mentation and pave the way for more mechanistic investigations of MB's phenomenology.
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46
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Griego E, Segura-Villalobos D, Lamas M, Galván EJ. Maternal immune activation increases excitability via downregulation of A-type potassium channels and reduces dendritic complexity of hippocampal neurons of the offspring. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 105:67-81. [PMID: 35803480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological association between bacterial or viral maternal infections during pregnancy and increased risk for developing psychiatric disorders in offspring is well documented. Numerous rodent and non-human primate studies of viral- or, to a lesser extent, bacterial-induced maternal immune activation (MIA) have documented a series of neurological alterations that may contribute to understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders. Long-term neuronal and behavioral alterations are now ascribed to the effect of maternal proinflammatory cytokines rather than the infection itself. However, detailed electrophysiological alterations in brain areas relevant to psychiatric disorders, such as the dorsal hippocampus, are lacking in response to bacterial-induced MIA. This study determined if electrophysiological and morphological alterations converge in CA1 pyramidal cells (CA1 PC) from the dorsal hippocampus in bacterial-induced MIA offspring. A series of changes in the functional expression of K+ and Na+ ion channels altered the passive and active membrane properties and triggered hyperexcitability of CA1 PC. Contributing to the hyperexcitability, the somatic A-type potassium current (IA) was decreased in MIA CA1 PC. Likewise, the spontaneous glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs were dysregulated and biased toward increased excitation, thereby reshaping the excitation-inhibition balance. Consistent with these findings, the dendritic branching complexity of MIA CA1 PC was reduced. Together, these morphophysiological alterations modify CA1 PC computational capabilities and contribute to explaining cellular alterations that may underlie the cognitive symptoms of MIA-associated psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Griego
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV Unidad Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Mónica Lamas
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV Unidad Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Emilio J Galván
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, CINVESTAV Unidad Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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47
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Abstract
Brain state fluctuates throughout the course of the day. Whether and how these fluctuations impact signal propagation in the brain remains unknown. Here, we used optogenetic stimulation during different brain states to show that the coupling between neurons modulates the spread of signals across cortical circuits in a state-dependent manner. Our results indicate that brain state influences how far electrical signals travel in neocortex and suggest a revision of computational models relying on robust signal propagation across neural networks. Our perception of the environment relies on the efficient propagation of neural signals across cortical networks. During the time course of a day, neural responses fluctuate dramatically as the state of the brain changes to possibly influence how electrical signals propagate across neural circuits. Despite the importance of this issue, how patterns of spiking activity propagate within neuronal circuits in different brain states remains unknown. Here, we used multielectrode laminar arrays to reveal that brain state strongly modulates the propagation of neural activity across the layers of early visual cortex (V1). We optogenetically induced synchronized state transitions within a group of neurons and examined how far electrical signals travel during wakefulness and rest. Although optogenetic stimulation elicits stronger neural responses during wakefulness relative to rest, signals propagate only weakly across the cortical column during wakefulness, and the extent of spread is inversely related to arousal level. In contrast, the light-induced population activity vigorously propagates throughout the entire cortical column during rest, even when neurons are in a desynchronized wake-like state prior to light stimulation. Mechanistically, the influence of global brain state on the propagation of spiking activity across laminar circuits can be explained by state-dependent changes in the coupling between neurons. Our results impose constraints on the conclusions of causal manipulation studies attempting to influence neural function and behavior, as well as on previous computational models of perception assuming robust signal propagation across cortical layers and areas.
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48
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Tian Y, Sun P. Percolation may explain efficiency, robustness, and economy of the brain. Netw Neurosci 2022; 6:765-790. [PMID: 36605416 PMCID: PMC9810365 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain consists of billions of neurons connected by ultra-dense synapses, showing remarkable efficiency, robust flexibility, and economy in information processing. It is generally believed that these advantageous properties are rooted in brain connectivity; however, direct evidence remains absent owing to technical limitations or theoretical vacancy. This research explores the origins of these properties in the largest yet brain connectome of the fruit fly. We reveal that functional connectivity formation in the brain can be explained by a percolation process controlled by synaptic excitation-inhibition (E/I) balance. By increasing the E/I balance gradually, we discover the emergence of these properties as byproducts of percolation transition when the E/I balance arrives at 3:7. As the E/I balance keeps increase, an optimal E/I balance 1:1 is unveiled to ensure these three properties simultaneously, consistent with previous in vitro experimental predictions. Once the E/I balance reaches over 3:2, an intrinsic limitation of these properties determined by static (anatomical) brain connectivity can be observed. Our work demonstrates that percolation, a universal characterization of critical phenomena and phase transitions, may serve as a window toward understanding the emergence of various brain properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- Department of Psychology and Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,Laboratory of Advanced Computing and Storage, Central Research Institute, 2012 Laboratories, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Beijing, China,* Corresponding Author: ;
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Psychology and Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China,* Corresponding Author: ;
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49
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Borbély A. The two-process model of sleep regulation: Beginnings and outlook. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13598. [PMID: 35502706 PMCID: PMC9540767 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The two-process model serves as a major conceptual framework in sleep science. Although dating back more than four decades, it has not lost its relevance for research today. Retracing its origins, I describe how animal experiments aimed at exploring the oscillators driving the circadian sleep-wake rhythm led to the recognition of gradients of sleep states within the daily sleep period. Advances in signal analysis revealed that the level of slow-wave activity in non-rapid eye movement sleep electroencephalogram is high at the beginning of the 12-light period and then declines. After sleep deprivation, the level of slow-wave activity is enhanced. By scheduling recovery sleep to the animal's activity period, the conflict between the sleep-wake-dependent and the circadian influence resulted in a two-stage recovery pattern. These experiments provided the basis for the first version of the two-process model. Sleep deprivation experiments in humans showed that the decline of slow-wave activity during sleep is exponential. The two-process model posits that a sleep-wake-dependent homeostatic process (Process S) interacts with a process controlled by the circadian pacemaker (Process C). At present, homeostatic and circadian facets of sleep regulation are being investigated at the synaptic level as well as in the transcriptome and proteome domains. The notion of sleep has been extended from a global phenomenon to local representations, while the master circadian pacemaker has been supplemented by multiple peripheral oscillators. The original interpretation that the emergence of sleep may be viewed as an escape from the rigid control imposed by the circadian pacemaker is still upheld.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Borbély
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Páscoa dos Santos F, Verschure PFMJ. Excitatory-Inhibitory Homeostasis and Diaschisis: Tying the Local and Global Scales in the Post-stroke Cortex. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 15:806544. [PMID: 35082606 PMCID: PMC8785563 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.806544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a balance between excitatory and inhibitory activity is an essential feature of neural networks of the neocortex. In the face of perturbations in the levels of excitation to cortical neurons, synapses adjust to maintain excitatory-inhibitory (EI) balance. In this review, we summarize research on this EI homeostasis in the neocortex, using stroke as our case study, and in particular the loss of excitation to distant cortical regions after focal lesions. Widespread changes following a localized lesion, a phenomenon known as diaschisis, are not only related to excitability, but also observed with respect to functional connectivity. Here, we highlight the main findings regarding the evolution of excitability and functional cortical networks during the process of post-stroke recovery, and how both are related to functional recovery. We show that cortical reorganization at a global scale can be explained from the perspective of EI homeostasis. Indeed, recovery of functional networks is paralleled by increases in excitability across the cortex. These adaptive changes likely result from plasticity mechanisms such as synaptic scaling and are linked to EI homeostasis, providing a possible target for future therapeutic strategies in the process of rehabilitation. In addition, we address the difficulty of simultaneously studying these multiscale processes by presenting recent advances in large-scale modeling of the human cortex in the contexts of stroke and EI homeostasis, suggesting computational modeling as a powerful tool to tie the meso- and macro-scale processes of recovery in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Páscoa dos Santos
- Eodyne Systems SL, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Information and Communications Technologies (DTIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul F. M. J. Verschure
- Laboratory of Synthetic, Perceptive, Emotive and Cognitive Systems (SPECS), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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