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Argyriou S, Fullard JF, Krivinko JM, Lee D, Wingo TS, Wingo AP, Sweet RA, Roussos P. Beyond memory impairment: the complex phenotypic landscape of Alzheimer's disease. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:713-722. [PMID: 38821772 PMCID: PMC11329360 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitute multifaceted behavioral manifestations that reflect processes of emotional regulation, thinking, and social behavior. They are as prevalent in AD as cognitive impairment and develop independently during the progression of neurodegeneration. As studying NPSs in AD is clinically challenging, most AD research to date has focused on cognitive decline. In this opinion article we summarize emerging literature on the prevalence, time course, and the underlying genetic, molecular, and pathological mechanisms related to NPSs in AD. Overall, we propose that NPSs constitute a cluster of core symptoms in AD, and understanding their neurobiology can lead to a more holistic approach to AD research, paving the way for more accurate diagnostic tests and personalized treatments embracing the goals of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stathis Argyriou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Josh M Krivinko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Donghoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aliza P Wingo
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Veterans Affairs Atlanta Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Robert A Sweet
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Center for Disease Neurogenomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2 South), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Street, Bronx, NY, USA; Center for Precision Medicine and Translational Therapeutics, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Street, Bronx, NY, USA.
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2
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Liu H, He Y, Liu H, Brouwers B, Yin N, Lawler K, Keogh JM, Henning E, Lee DK, Yu M, Tu L, Zhang N, Conde KM, Han J, Yan Z, Scarcelli NA, Liao L, Xu J, Tong Q, Zheng H, Sun Z, Yang Y, Wang C, He Y, Farooqi IS, Xu Y. Neural circuits expressing the serotonin 2C receptor regulate memory in mice and humans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2675. [PMID: 38941473 PMCID: PMC11212768 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Declined memory is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experiments in rodents and human postmortem studies suggest that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) plays a role in memory, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigate the role of 5-HT 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) in regulating memory. Transgenic mice expressing a humanized HTR2C mutation exhibit impaired plasticity of hippocampal ventral CA1 (vCA1) neurons and reduced memory. Further, 5-HT neurons project to and synapse onto vCA1 neurons. Disruption of 5-HT synthesis in vCA1-projecting neurons or deletion of 5-HT2CRs in the vCA1 impairs neural plasticity and memory. We show that a selective 5-HT2CR agonist, lorcaserin, improves synaptic plasticity and memory in an AD mouse model. Cumulatively, we demonstrate that hippocampal 5-HT2CR signaling regulates memory, which may inform the use of 5-HT2CR agonists in the treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesong Liu
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang He
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hailan Liu
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bas Brouwers
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Na Yin
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Katherine Lawler
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Julia M. Keogh
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Dong-Kee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng Yu
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Longlong Tu
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kristine M. Conde
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junying Han
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zili Yan
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nikolas A. Scarcelli
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lan Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chunmei Wang
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Brain Glycemic and Metabolism Control Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abbate C, Gallucci A, Trimarchi PD, Piacquadio E, Caramanti G, Parma A, Fumagalli GG, Inglese S, Parisi PMR, Tartarone F, Giunco F. Clinical Heterogeneity in Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible New Amnesic Phenotype. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:959-969. [PMID: 39114546 PMCID: PMC11305845 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We rediscovered a phenotype of AD known in the early 1900s as presbyophrenia, but then forgotten, and renamed as confabulation-misidentification phenotype. The phenotype includes diencephalic amnesia whose prototype is Korsakoff syndrome. The main features are anterograde and retrograde amnesia with marked disorientation and confabulation, executive impairments, reduced insight and attention deficits, misidentification, minor hallucination and other delusions, behavioral disturbances, and early anxiety. In this article, we summarize what we have discovered about the new phenotype and what is still missing to confirm this diencephalic variant of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Abbate
- Fondazione IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Parma
- Fondazione IRCCS Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Inglese
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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4
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Collins HM, Greenfield S. Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease: Past Misconceptions and Future Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6222. [PMID: 38892408 PMCID: PMC11172947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no effective treatments, not least due to the lack of authentic animal models. Typically, rodent models recapitulate the effects but not causes of AD, such as cholinergic neuron loss: lesioning of cholinergic neurons mimics the cognitive decline reminiscent of AD but not its neuropathology. Alternative models rely on the overexpression of genes associated with familial AD, such as amyloid precursor protein, or have genetically amplified expression of mutant tau. Yet transgenic rodent models poorly replicate the neuropathogenesis and protein overexpression patterns of sporadic AD. Seeding rodents with amyloid or tau facilitates the formation of these pathologies but cannot account for their initial accumulation. Intracerebral infusion of proinflammatory agents offer an alternative model, but these fail to replicate the cause of AD. A novel model is therefore needed, perhaps similar to those used for Parkinson's disease, namely adult wildtype rodents with neuron-specific (dopaminergic) lesions within the same vulnerable brainstem nuclei, 'the isodendritic core', which are the first to degenerate in AD. Site-selective targeting of these nuclei in adult rodents may recapitulate the initial neurodegenerative processes in AD to faithfully mimic its pathogenesis and progression, ultimately leading to presymptomatic biomarkers and preventative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Collins
- Neuro-Bio Ltd., Building F5 The Culham Campus, Abingdon OX14 3DB, UK;
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5
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Moradi K, Badripour A, Moradi A, Bagheri S, Soltani ZE, Moassefi M, Faghani S, Dehpour AR. Sumatriptan attenuates fear-learning despair induced by social isolation stress in mice: Mediating role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107006. [PMID: 38432042 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research has demonstrated that chronic stress experienced early in life can lead to impairments in memory and learning. These deficits are attributed to an imbalance in the interaction between glucocorticoids, the end product of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and glucocorticoid receptors in brain regions responsible for mediating memory, such as the hippocampus. This imbalance can result in detrimental conditions like neuroinflammation. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sumatriptan, a selective agonist for 5-HT 1B/1D receptors, on fear learning capabilities in a chronic social isolation stress model in mice, with a particular focus on the role of the HPA axis. METHODS Mice were assigned to two opposing conditions, including social condition (SC) and isolated condition (IC) for a duration of five weeks. All mice underwent passive avoidance test, with their subsequent freezing behavior serving as an indicator of fear retrieval. Mice in the IC group were administered either a vehicle, sumatriptan, GR-127935 (a selective antagonist for 5-HT 1B/1D receptors), or a combination of sumatriptan and GR-127935 during the testing sessions. At the end, all mice were sacrificed and samples of their serum and hippocampus were collected for further analysis. RESULTS Isolation was found to significantly reduce freezing behavior (p<0.001). An increase in the freezing response among IC mice was observed following the administration of varying doses of sumatriptan, as indicated by a one-way ANOVA analysis (p<0.001). However, the mitigating effects of sumatriptan were reversed upon the administration of GR-127935. An ELISA assay conducted before and after the passive avoidance test revealed no significant change in serum corticosterone levels among SC mice. In contrast, a significant increase was observed among IC mice, suggesting hyper-responsiveness of the HPA axis in isolated animals. This hyper-responsiveness was ameliorated following the administration of sumatriptan. Furthermore, both the sumatriptan and SC groups exhibited a similar trend, showing a significant increase in the expression of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors following the stress of the passive avoidance test. Lastly, the elevated production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) observed following social isolation was attenuated in the sumatriptan group. CONCLUSION Sumatriptan improved fear learning probably through modulation of HPA axis and hippocampus neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Moradi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Badripour
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayna Bagheri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahim Soltani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Moassefi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Faghani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Reddy AP, Rawat P, Rohr N, Alvir R, Bisht J, Bushra MA, Luong J, Reddy AP. Role of Serotonylation and SERT Posttranslational Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0328. [PMID: 39254383 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is implicated mainly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and reported to be responsible for several processes and roles in the human body, such as regulating sleep, food intake, sexual behavior, anxiety, and drug abuse. It is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. Serotonin also functions as a signal between neurons to mature, survive, and differentiate. It plays a crucial role in neuronal plasticity, including cell migration and cell contact formation. Various psychiatric disorders, such as depression, schizophrenia, autism, and Alzheimer's disease, have been linked to an increase in serotonin-dependent signaling during the development of the nervous system. Recent studies have found 5-HT and other monoamines embedded in the nuclei of various cells, including immune cells, the peritoneal mast, and the adrenal medulla. Evidence suggests these monoamines to be involved in widespread intracellular regulation by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins. Serotonylation is the calcium-dependent process in which 5-HT forms a long-lasting covalent bond to small cytoplasmic G-proteins by endogenous transglutaminase 2 (TGM2). Serotonylation plays a role in various biological processes. The purpose of our article is to summarize historical developments and recent advances in serotonin research and serotonylation in depression, aging, AD, and other age-related neurological diseases. We also discussed several of the latest developments with Serotonin, including biological functions, pathophysiological implications and therapeutic strategies to treat patients with depression, dementia, and other age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Priyanka Rawat
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Nicholas Rohr
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Razelle Alvir
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jasbir Bisht
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Mst Anika Bushra
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jennifer Luong
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Aananya P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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7
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Khan N, Uribe Isaza J, Rouhi N, Jamani NF, Jabeen S, Gill AK, Tsutsui M, Visser F, Sargin D. Behavioral and Neurophysiological Implications of Pathological Human Tau Expression in Serotonin Neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:932-943. [PMID: 38377680 PMCID: PMC10921395 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder that results in a severe loss of brain cells and irreversible cognitive decline. Memory problems are the most recognized symptoms of AD. However, approximately 90% of patients diagnosed with AD suffer from behavioral symptoms, including mood changes and social impairment years before cognitive dysfunction. Recent evidence indicates that the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is among the initial regions that show tau pathology, which is a hallmark feature of AD. The DRN harbors serotonin (5-HT) neurons, which are critically involved in mood, social, and cognitive regulation. Serotonergic impairment early in the disease process may contribute to behavioral symptoms in AD. However, the mechanisms underlying vulnerability and contribution of the 5-HT system to AD progression remain unknown. Here, we performed behavioral and electrophysiological characterizations in mice expressing a phosphorylation-prone form of human tau (hTauP301L) in 5-HT neurons. We found that pathological tau expression in 5-HT neurons induces anxiety-like behavior and alterations in stress-coping strategies in female and male mice. Female mice also exhibited social disinhibition and mild cognitive impairment in response to 5-HT neuron-specific hTauP301L expression. Behavioral alterations were accompanied by disrupted 5-HT neuron physiology in female and male hTauP301L expressing mice with exacerbated excitability disruption in females only. These data provide mechanistic insights into the brain systems and symptoms impaired early in AD progression, which is critical for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmus
S. Khan
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Juan Uribe Isaza
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nahid Rouhi
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Naila F. Jamani
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shaista Jabeen
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amisha K. Gill
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mio Tsutsui
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Frank Visser
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Derya Sargin
- Department
of Psychology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of
Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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8
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Zhuang H, Cao X, Tang X, Zou Y, Yang H, Liang Z, Yan X, Chen X, Feng X, Shen L. Investigating metabolic dysregulation in serum of triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease male mice: implications for pathogenesis and potential biomarkers. Amino Acids 2024; 56:10. [PMID: 38315232 PMCID: PMC10844422 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that lacks convenient and accessible peripheral blood diagnostic markers and effective drugs. Metabolic dysfunction is one of AD risk factors, which leaded to alterations of various metabolites in the body. Pathological changes of the brain can be reflected in blood metabolites that are expected to explain the disease mechanisms or be candidate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of targeted metabolites within peripheral blood of AD mouse model, with the purpose of exploring the disease mechanism and potential biomarkers. Targeted metabolomics was used to quantify 256 metabolites in serum of triple transgenic AD (3 × Tg-AD) male mice. Compared with controls, 49 differential metabolites represented dysregulation in purine, pyrimidine, tryptophan, cysteine and methionine and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Among them, adenosine, serotonin, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, and acetylcholine play a key role in regulating neural transmitter network. The alteration of S-adenosine-L-homocysteine, S-adenosine-L-methionine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide in AD mice serum can served as indicator of AD risk. The results revealed the changes of metabolites in serum, suggesting that metabolic dysregulation in periphery in AD mice may be related to the disturbances in neuroinhibition, the serotonergic system, sleep function, the cholinergic system, and the gut microbiota. This study provides novel insights into the dysregulation of several key metabolites and metabolic pathways in AD, presenting potential avenues for future research and the development of peripheral biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhuang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueshan Cao
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Zou
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Liang
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingui Feng
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Shen
- College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518071, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Sagar R, Zivko C, Xydia A, Weisman DC, Lyketsos CG, Mahairaki V. Generation and Characterization of a Human-Derived and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Line from an Alzheimer's Disease Patient with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3313. [PMID: 38137534 PMCID: PMC10741135 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Agitation is one of the most eminent characteristics of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) affecting people living with Alzheimer's and Dementia and has serious consequences for patients and caregivers. The current consensus is that agitation results, in part, from the disruption of ascending monoamine regulators of cortical circuits, especially the loss of serotonergic activity. It is believed that the first line of treatment for these conditions is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), but these are effective in only about 40% of patients. Person-specific biomarkers, for example, ones based on in vitro iPSC-derived models of serotonin activity, which predict who with Agitation responds to an SSRI, are a major clinical priority. Here, we report the generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from a 74-year-old AD patient, the homozygous APOE ε4/ε4 carrier, who developed Agitation. His iPSCs were reprogrammed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the transient expression of pluripotency genes. These display typical iPSC characteristics that are karyotypically normal and attain the capacity to differentiate into three germ layers. The newly patient-derived iPSC line offers a unique resource to investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with neuropsychiatric symptom progression in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Sagar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.S.); (C.Z.); (A.X.)
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cristina Zivko
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.S.); (C.Z.); (A.X.)
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ariadni Xydia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.S.); (C.Z.); (A.X.)
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - David C. Weisman
- Abington Neurologic Associates, Clinical Research Center, Abington, PA 19001, USA
| | - Constantine G. Lyketsos
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (R.S.); (C.Z.); (A.X.)
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer’s Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
- The Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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10
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Tian J, Du E, Guo L. Mitochondrial Interaction with Serotonin in Neurobiology and Its Implication in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1165-1177. [PMID: 38025801 PMCID: PMC10657725 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe brain pathologies and progressive cognitive decline. While the exact cause of this disease remains unknown, emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of neurotransmitters contributes to the development of AD pathology and symptoms. Serotonin, a critical neurotransmitter in the brain, plays a pivotal role in regulating various brain processes and is implicated in neurological and psychiatric disorders, including AD. Recent studies have shed light on the interplay between mitochondrial function and serotonin regulation in brain physiology. In AD, there is a deficiency of serotonin, along with impairments in mitochondrial function, particularly in serotoninergic neurons. Additionally, altered activity of mitochondrial enzymes, such as monoamine oxidase, may contribute to serotonin dysregulation in AD. Understanding the intricate relationship between mitochondria and serotonin provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD and identifies potential therapeutic targets to restore serotonin homeostasis and alleviate AD symptoms. This review summarizes the recent advancements in unraveling the connection between brain mitochondria and serotonin, emphasizing their significance in AD pathogenesis and underscoring the importance of further research in this area. Elucidating the role of mitochondria in serotonin dysfunction will promote the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of this neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Eric Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Blue Valley West High School, Overland Park, KS, USA
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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11
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Ahad MA, Chear NJY, Keat LG, Has ATC, Murugaiyah V, Hassan Z. Bio-enhanced fraction from Clitoria ternatea root extract ameliorates cognitive functions and in vivo hippocampal neuroplasticity in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rat model. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101990. [PMID: 37343678 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Research employing a bio-enhanced fraction of Clitoria ternatea (CT) to treat cognitive decline in the animal model has not yet been found. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of CT root bioactive fraction (CTRF) in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rat model. CTRF and its major compound, clitorienolactones A (CLA), were obtained using column chromatography. A validated HPLC-UV method was employed for the standardization of CTRF. CCH rats were given orally either vehicle or fraction (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg). Behavioural and hippocampal neuroplasticity studies were conducted following 4 weeks post-surgery. The brain hippocampus was extracted for proteins and neurotransmitters analyses. HPLC analysis showed that CTRF contained 25% (w/w) of CLA. All tested doses of CTRF and CLA (10 mg/kg) significantly restored cognitive deficits and reversed the inhibition of neuroplasticity by CCH. However, only CTRF (40 mg/kg) and CLA (10 mg/kg) significantly reversed the elevation of amyloid-beta plaque. Subsequently, treatment with CTRF (40 mg/kg) and CLA (10 mg/kg) alleviated the downregulation of molecular synaptic signalling proteins levels caused by CCH. The neurotransmitters level was restored following treatment of CTRF and CLA. Our finding suggested that CTRF improves memory and neuroplasticity in CCH rats which was mainly contributed by CLA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lim Gin Keat
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Tarmizi Che Has
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, USM Health Campus Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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12
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d’Angremont E, Begemann MJH, van Laar T, Sommer IEC. Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Treatment of Psychotic Symptoms in Alzheimer Disease and Parkinson Disease: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol 2023; 80:813-823. [PMID: 37358841 PMCID: PMC10294019 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance Psychotic symptoms greatly increase the burden of disease for people with neurodegenerative disorders and their caregivers. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) may be effective treatment for psychotic symptoms in these disorders. Previous trials only evaluated neuropsychiatric symptoms as a secondary and an overall outcome, potentially blurring the outcomes noted with ChEI use specifically for psychotic symptoms. Objective To quantitatively assess the use of ChEIs for treatment of individual neuropsychiatric symptoms, specifically hallucinations and delusions, in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Data Sources A systematic search was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and PsychInfo, without year restrictions. Additional eligible studies were retrieved from reference lists. The final search cutoff date was April 21, 2022. Study Selection Studies were selected if they presented the results of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials, including at least 1 donepezil, rivastigmine, or galantamine treatment arm in patients with AD, PD, or DLB; if they applied at least 1 neuropsychiatric measure including hallucinations and/or delusions; and if a full-text version of the study was available in the English language. Study selection was performed and checked by multiple reviewers. Data Extraction and Synthesis Original research data were requested on eligible studies. A 2-stage meta-analysis was then performed, using random-effects models. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed for extracting data and assessing the data quality and validity. Data extraction was checked by a second reviewer. Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes were hallucinations and delusions; secondary outcomes included all other individual neuropsychiatric subdomains as well as the total neuropsychiatric score. Results In total, 34 eligible randomized clinical trials were selected. Individual participant data on 6649 individuals (3830 [62.6%] women; mean [SD] age, 75.0 [8.2] years) were obtained from 17 trials (AD: n = 12; PD: n = 5; individual participant data were not available for DLB). An association with ChEI treatment was shown in the AD subgroup for delusions (-0.08; 95% CI, -0.14 to -0.03; P = .006) and hallucinations (-0.09; 95% CI, -0.14 to -0.04; P = .003) and in the PD subgroup for delusions (-0.14; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.01; P = .04) and hallucinations (-0.08, 95% CI -0.13 to -0.03; P = .01). Conclusions and Relevance The results of this individual participant data meta-analysis suggest that ChEI treatment improves psychotic symptoms in patients with AD and PD with small effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile d’Angremont
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke J. H. Begemann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Teus van Laar
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Iris E. C. Sommer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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13
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Nageeb Hasan SM, Clarke CL, McManamon Strand TP, Bambico FR. Putative pathological mechanisms of late-life depression and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Res 2023:148423. [PMID: 37244602 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive impairment in cognition and memory. AD is accompanied by several neuropsychiatric symptoms, with depression being the most prominent. Although depression has long been known to be associated with AD, controversial findings from preclinical and clinical studies have obscured the precise nature of this association. However recent evidence suggests that depression could be a prodrome or harbinger of AD. Evidence indicates that the major central serotonergic nucleus-the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)-shows very early AD pathology: neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and degenerated neurites. AD and depression share common pathophysiologies, including functional deficits of the serotonin (5-HT) system. 5-HT receptors have modulatory effects on the progression of AD pathology i.e., reduction in Aβ load, increased hyper-phosphorylation of tau, decreased oxidative stress etc. Moreover, preclinical models show a role for specific channelopathies that result in abnormal regional activational and neuroplasticity patterns. One of these concerns the pathological upregulation of the small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel in corticolimbic structure. This has also been observed in the DRN in both diseases. The SKC is a key regulator of cell excitability and long-term potentiation (LTP). SKC over-expression is positively correlated with aging and cognitive decline, and is evident in AD. Pharmacological blockade of SKCs has been reported to reverse symptoms of depression and AD. Thus, aberrant SKC functioning could be related to depression pathophysiology and diverts its late-life progression towards the development of AD. We summarize findings from preclinical and clinical studies suggesting a molecular linkage between depression and AD pathology. We also provide a rationale for considering SKCs as a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of AD-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Nageeb Hasan
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada.
| | - Courtney Leigh Clarke
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada
| | | | - Francis Rodriguez Bambico
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada; Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
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14
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Monge-García S, García-Ayllón MS, Sánchez-Payá J, Gasparini-Berenguer R, Cortés-Gómez MÁ, Sáez-Valero J, Monge-Argilés JA. Validity of CSF alpha-synuclein to predict psychosis in prodromal Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1124145. [PMID: 37292130 PMCID: PMC10244520 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1124145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) accompanied by psychotic symptoms (PS) has a poor prognosis and may be associated with imbalances in key neural proteins such as alpha-synuclein (AS). Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic validity of AS levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a predictor of the emergence of PS in patients with prodromal AD. Materials and methods Patients with mild cognitive impairment were recruited between 2010 and 2018. Core AD biomarkers and AS levels were measured in CSF obtained during the prodromal phase of the illness. All patients who met the NIA-AA 2018 criteria for AD biomarkers received treatment with anticholinesterasic drugs. Follow-up evaluations were conducted to assess patients for the presence of psychosis using current criteria; the use of neuroleptic drugs was required for inclusion in the psychosis group. Several comparisons were made, taking into account the timing of the emergence of PS. Results A total of 130 patients with prodromal AD were included in this study. Of these, 50 (38.4%) met the criteria for PS within an 8-year follow-up period. AS was found to be a valuable CSF biomarker to differentiate between the psychotic and non-psychotic groups in every comparison made, depending on the onset of PS. Using an AS level of 1,257 pg/mL as the cutoff, this predictor achieved at least 80% sensitivity. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study represents the first time that a CSF biomarker has shown diagnostic validity for prediction of the emergence of PS in patients with prodromal AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Monge-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - María-Salud García-Ayllón
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO,Unidad de Investigación, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Elche, Spain
| | - José Sánchez-Payá
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - María-Ángeles Cortés-Gómez
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO,Unidad de Investigación, Valencia, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Elche, Spain
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO), Elche, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Monge-Argilés
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Alicante, Spain
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Mahmoudi R, Novella JL, Laurent-Badr S, Boulahrouz S, Tran D, Morrone I, Jaïdi Y. Cholinergic Antagonists and Behavioral Disturbances in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086921. [PMID: 37108085 PMCID: PMC10138684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic antagonists interfere with synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and are involved in pathological processes in patients with neurocognitive disorders (NCD), such as behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In this commentary, we will briefly review the current knowledge on the impact of cholinergic burden on BPSD in persons with NCD, including the main pathophysiological mechanisms. Given the lack of clear consensus regarding symptomatic management of BPSD, special attention must be paid to this preventable, iatrogenic condition in patients with NCD, and de-prescription of cholinergic antagonists should be considered in patients with BPSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Mahmoudi
- Department of Geriatric and Internal Medicine, Reims University Hospitals, Maison Blanche Hospital, 51092 Reims, France
- UR 3797 Vieillissement, Fragilité (VieFra), Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Jean Luc Novella
- Department of Geriatric and Internal Medicine, Reims University Hospitals, Maison Blanche Hospital, 51092 Reims, France
- UR 3797 Vieillissement, Fragilité (VieFra), Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Sarah Laurent-Badr
- Department of Geriatric and Internal Medicine, Reims University Hospitals, Maison Blanche Hospital, 51092 Reims, France
| | - Sarah Boulahrouz
- Department of Geriatric and Internal Medicine, Reims University Hospitals, Maison Blanche Hospital, 51092 Reims, France
- UR 3797 Vieillissement, Fragilité (VieFra), Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France
| | - David Tran
- Department of Geriatric and Internal Medicine, Reims University Hospitals, Maison Blanche Hospital, 51092 Reims, France
| | - Isabella Morrone
- Department of Geriatric and Internal Medicine, Reims University Hospitals, Maison Blanche Hospital, 51092 Reims, France
- Cognition Health and Society Laboratory (C2S-EA 6291), Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Yacine Jaïdi
- Department of Geriatric and Internal Medicine, Reims University Hospitals, Maison Blanche Hospital, 51092 Reims, France
- UR 3797 Vieillissement, Fragilité (VieFra), Faculty of Medicine, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France
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16
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Fu J, Lai X, Huang Y, Bao T, Yang J, Chen S, Chen X, Shang H. Meta-analysis and systematic review of peripheral platelet-associated biomarkers to explore the pathophysiology of alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:66. [PMID: 36774494 PMCID: PMC9921402 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Platelets are the primary peripheral reserve of amyloid precursor protein (APP), providing more than 90% of blood amyloid-beta (Aβ). Some oxidative stress markers and neurotransmitter markers were also differentially expressed in the peripheral platelets of AD. Therefore, the present study explored the differences in platelet-associated biomarkers between AD and healthy controls using meta-analysis and systematic review to reveal the value of platelet in the pathogenesis and development of AD. METHODS We searched all the related studies that probed into the platelets in AD based on PubMed, Embase, and web of science databases from the establishment to November 04, 2021. RESULTS Eighty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis, and the platelets data of 702 AD and 710 controls were analyzed. The results of standardized mean difference (SMD) showed that platelets in AD had lower levels of APP ratio (SMD: -1.89; p < 0.05), ADAM10 (SMD: -1.16; p < 0.05), Na + -K + -ATPase (SMD: -7.23; p < 0.05), but higher levels of HMW/LMW tau (SMD: 0.92; p < 0.05), adenosine A2 receptor (SMD: 4.27; p < 0.05), MAO-B (SMD: 1.73; p < 0.05), NO (SMD: 4.25; p < 0.05) and ONOO- (SMD: 7.33; p < 0.05). In the systematic review, some other platelet markers seem to be meaningful in AD patients. CONCLUSION The results of the present meta-analysis and systematic review demonstrated that the alterations of APP metabolic enzymes, oxidative stress markers, and neurotransmitter factors in platelets were similar to their changes in the central nervous system of AD, suggesting that platelet could be a good source of peripheral biomarkers and may play an important role in the pathophysiological development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Fu
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xiaohui Lai
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yan Huang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ting Bao
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Management Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Jing Yang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Sihui Chen
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Xueping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Huifang Shang
- grid.412901.f0000 0004 1770 1022Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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Tian J, Stucky CS, Wang T, Muma NA, Johnson M, Du H. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Links to Impaired Hippocampal Serotonin Release in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 93:605-619. [PMID: 37066917 PMCID: PMC10416312 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deprivation of extracellular serotonin has been linked to cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric disturbances in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, despite degeneration of serotonin-producing neurons, whether serotonin release is affected in AD-sensitive brain regions is unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of mitochondrial dysfunction in decreased hippocampal serotonin release in AD amyloidosis mouse model 5xFAD mice. METHODS Electrochemical assays were applied to examine hippocampal serotonin release. We also employed multidisciplinary techniques to determine the role of oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) in hippocampal mitochondrial deficits and serotonin release deficiency. RESULTS 5xFAD mice exhibited serotonin release decrease and relatively moderate downregulation of serotonergic fiber density as well as serotonin content in the hippocampal region. Further experiments showed an inhibitory effect of oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) on hippocampal serotonin release without affecting the density of serotonergic fibers. Pharmaceutical uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) disrupted hippocampal serotonin release in an ex vivo setting. This echoes the mitochondrial defects in serotonergic fibers in 5xFAD mice and oligomeric Aβ-challenged primary serotonergic neuron cultures and implicates a link between mitochondrial dysfunction and serotonin transmission defects in AD-relevant pathological settings. CONCLUSION The most parsimonious interpretation of our findings is that mitochondrial dysfunction is a phenotypic change of serotonergic neurons, which potentially plays a role in the development of serotonergic failure in AD-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | | | - Tienju Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Nancy A. Muma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Higuchi Biosciences Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Lawrence, KS, USA
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18
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Babić Leko M, Nikolac Perković M, Španić E, Švob Štrac D, Pleić N, Vogrinc Ž, Gunjača I, Bežovan D, Nedić Erjavec G, Klepac N, Borovečki F, Zemunik T, Pivac N, Hof PR, Šimić G. Serotonin Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Cerebrospinal Fluid, Genetic, and Neuropsychological Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:3118. [PMID: 36551873 PMCID: PMC9775360 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A decrease in serotonergic transmission throughout the brain is among the earliest pathological changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Serotonergic receptors are also affected in AD. Polymorphisms in genes of serotonin (5HT) receptors have been mostly associated with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). In this study, we examined if AD patients carrying different genotypes in 5HTR1B rs13212041, 5HTR2A rs6313 (T102C), 5HTR2C rs3813929 (-759C/T), and 5HTR6 rs1805054 (C267T) polymorphisms have a higher risk of faster disease progression (assessed by neuropsychological testing), are more prone to develop AD-related pathology (reflected by levels of cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] AD biomarkers), or have an association with an apolipoprotein E (APOE) haplotype. This study included 115 patients with AD, 53 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 2701 healthy controls. AD biomarkers were determined in the CSF of AD and MCI patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), while polymorphisms were determined using either TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assays or Illumina genotyping platforms. We detected a significant decrease in the CSF amyloid β1-42 (Aβ1-42) and an increase in p-tau181/Aβ1-42 ratio in carriers of the T allele in the 5HTR2C rs3813929 (-759C/T) polymorphism. A significantly higher number of APOE ε4 allele carriers was observed among individuals carrying a TT genotype within the 5HTR2A T102C polymorphism, a C allele within the 5HTR1B rs13212041 polymorphism, and a T allele within the 5HTR6 rs1805054 (C267T) polymorphism. Additionally, individuals carrying the C allele within the 5HTR1B rs13212041 polymorphism were significantly more represented among AD patients and had poorer performances on the Rey-Osterrieth test. Carriers of the T allele within the 5HTR6 rs1805054 had poorer performances on the MMSE and ADAS-Cog. As all four analyzed polymorphisms of serotonin receptor genes showed an association with either genetic, CSF, or neuropsychological biomarkers of AD, they deserve further investigation as potential early genetic biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | - Ena Španić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Švob Štrac
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruđer Bošković, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Pleić
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Željka Vogrinc
- Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Gunjača
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Nataša Klepac
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatijana Zemunik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute Ruđer Bošković, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department of Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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19
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Anand A, Khurana N, Ali N, AlAsmari AF, Alharbi M, Waseem M, Sharma N. Ameliorative effect of vanillin on scopolamine-induced dementia-like cognitive impairment in a mouse model. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1005972. [PMID: 36408377 PMCID: PMC9672091 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1005972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, which is among the top five causes of death in the United States. It is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes permanent loss of memory and cognition. The current pharmacotherapy for AD is based on providing symptomatic relief only and has many side effects. There is a need for a safer, disease-modifying drug for the treatment of AD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The PASS online software was used to screen phytoconstituents based on their predicted effects on various AD-related targets. Vanillin was selected as the compound of interest, as it has not been researched elaborately on any animal model of AD. The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of vanillin was established in vitro. Thereafter, ameliorative effect of vanillin was evaluated using the exteroceptive memory model in scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment mice model. RESULTS Vanillin showed an acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in vitro, and the IC50 value was calculated to be 0.033 mM. Vanillin significantly reversed the memory and behavioral deficits caused by scopolamine as demonstrated by significant improvement in memory in negative reinforcement, elevated plus maze, and spatial learning paradigms. Vanillin also proved to have a nootropic effect. Also, vanillin proved to have significantly better antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects in vivo than donepezil hydrochloride. The potential anti-AD activity of vanillin was also confirmed by the reduction in IL-6 levels and TNF-α levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that vanillin is a safe and effective natural drug candidate having a great potential for the treatment of AD. However, more research is required to evaluate its effect on A beta plaques and Tau neurofibrillary tangles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Anand
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Navneet Khurana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Metab Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Neha Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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20
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Dragomanova S, Lazarova M, Munkuev A, Suslov E, Volcho K, Salakhutdinov N, Bibi A, Reynisson J, Tzvetanova E, Alexandrova A, Georgieva A, Uzunova D, Stefanova M, Kalfin R, Tancheva L. New Myrtenal–Adamantane Conjugates Alleviate Alzheimer’s-Type Dementia in Rat Model. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175456. [PMID: 36080227 PMCID: PMC9457974 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with memory impairment and other central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Two myrtenal–adamantane conjugates (MACs) showed excellent CNS potential against Alzheimer’s models. Adamantane is a common pharmacophore for drug design, and myrtenal (M) demonstrated neuroprotective effects in our previous studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the MACs’ neuroprotective properties in dementia. Methods: Scopolamine (Scop) was applied intraperitoneally in Wistar rats for 11 days, simultaneously with MACs or M as a referent, respectively. Brain acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, noradrenaline and serotonin levels, and oxidative brain status determination followed behavioral tests on memory abilities. Molecular descriptors and docking analyses for AChE activity center affinity were performed. Results: M derivatives have favorable physicochemical parameters to enter the CNS. Both MACs restored memory damaged by Scop, showing significant AChE-inhibitory activity in the cortex, in contrast to M, supported by the modeling analysis. Moderate antioxidant properties were manifested by glutathione elevation and catalase activity modulation. MACs also altered noradrenaline and serotonin content in the hippocampus. Conclusion: For the first time, neuroprotective properties of two MACs in a rat dementia model were observed. They were stronger than the natural M effects, which makes the substances promising candidates for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Dragomanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (K.V.)
| | - Maria Lazarova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aldar Munkuev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Av. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Suslov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Av. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin Volcho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Av. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (K.V.)
| | - Nariman Salakhutdinov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Av. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Amina Bibi
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Elina Tzvetanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Alexandrova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Almira Georgieva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diamara Uzunova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Miroslava Stefanova
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov St. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev St., Block 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Pathogenesis and Personalized Interventions for Pharmacological Treatment-Resistant Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091365. [PMID: 36143150 PMCID: PMC9501542 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, with cognitive impairment as a core symptom. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) also occur as non-cognitive symptoms during the disease course, worsening the prognosis. Recent treatment guidelines for NPSs have recommended non-pharmacological treatments as the first line of therapy, followed by pharmacological treatments. However, pharmacological treatment for urgent NPSs can be difficult because of a lack of efficacy or an intolerance, requiring multiple changes in psychotropic prescriptions. One biological factor that might be partly responsible for this difficulty is structural deterioration in elderly people with dementia, which may cause a functional vulnerability affecting the pharmacological response. Other causative factors might include awkward psychosocial interpersonal relations between patients and their caregiver, resulting in distressful vicious circles. Overlapping NPS sub-symptoms can also blur the prioritization of targeted symptoms. Furthermore, consistent neurocognitive reductions cause a primary apathy state and a secondary distorted ideation or perception of present objects, leading to reactions that cannot be treated pharmacologically. The present review defines treatment-resistant NPSs in AD; it may be necessary and helpful for clinicians to discuss the pathogenesis and comprehensive solutions based on three major hypothetical pathophysiological viewpoints: (1) biology, (2) psychosociology, and (3) neurocognition.
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22
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Vuic B, Konjevod M, Tudor L, Milos T, Nikolac Perkovic M, Nedic Erjavec G, Pivac N, Uzun S, Mimica N, Svob Strac D. Tailoring the therapeutic interventions for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:707-720. [PMID: 35950234 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2112668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are symptoms of non-cognitive nature, which frequently develop during the course and different stages of dementia. The diagnosis of BPSD is complex due to symptom variety, and relies on detailed clinical evaluation and medical history. Accurate assessment of BPSD is crucial in order to tailor therapeutic intervention (non-pharmacological and pharmacological) for each individual and monitor patient response to therapy. AREAS COVERED This review encompasses the epidemiology, classification, assessment and etiology of BPSD, as well as their impact on caregiver distress, and gives an overview of current and emerging non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapeutic options, as well as potential BPSD biomarkers, in order to provide a framework for improving BPSD diagnosis and developing novel, targeted and specific therapeutic strategies for BPSD. EXPERT OPINION Due to the large heterogeneity of BPSD and of the fact that drugs available only alleviate symptoms, finding an adequate treatment is very challenging and often involves a polytherapeutic approach. Non-pharmacologic interventions have shown promising results in improving BPSD, however further research is needed to confirm their beneficial effects. Thus, the modification of pre-existancing as well as the development of novel pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic solutions should be considered for BPSD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Vuic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcela Konjevod
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tina Milos
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Matea Nikolac Perkovic
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Nedic Erjavec
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Uzun
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dubravka Svob Strac
- Laboratory for Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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23
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Abstract
Dementia-related psychosis (DRP) is prevalent across dementias and typically manifests as delusions and/or hallucinations. The mechanisms underlying psychosis in dementia are unknown; however, neurobiological and pharmacological evidence has implicated multiple signaling pathways and brain regions. Despite differences in dementia pathology, the neurobiology underlying psychosis appears to involve dysregulation of a cortical and limbic pathway involving serotonergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid ergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic signaling. Thus, an imbalance in cortical and mesolimbic excitatory tone may drive symptoms of psychosis. Delusions and hallucinations may result from (1) hyperactivation of pyramidal neurons within the visual cortex, causing visual hallucinations and (2) hyperactivation of the mesolimbic pathway, causing both delusions and hallucinations. Modulation of the 5-HT2A receptor may mitigate hyperactivity at both psychosis-associated pathways. Pimavanserin, an atypical antipsychotic, is a selective serotonin inverse agonist/antagonist at 5-HT2A receptors. Pimavanserin may prove beneficial in treating the hallucinations and delusions of DRP without worsening cognitive or motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery L. Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience,
Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of
Nevada at Las Vegas (UNLV) and Cleveland Clinic, Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health,
Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - D. P. Devanand
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical
Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen M. Stahl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San
Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Apathy as a Treatment Target in Alzheimer's Disease: Implications for Clinical Trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2022; 30:119-147. [PMID: 34315645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apathy is one of the most prevalent, stable and persistent neuropsychiatric symptom across the neurocognitive disorders spectrum. Recent advances in understanding of phenomenology, neurobiology and intervention trials highlight apathy as an important target for clinical intervention. We conducted a comprehensive review and critical evaluation of recent advances to determine the evidence-based suggestions for future trial designs. This review focused on 4 key areas: 1) pre-dementia states; 2) assessment; 3) mechanisms/biomarkers and 4) treatment/intervention efficacy. Considerable progress has been made in understanding apathy as a treatment target and appreciating pharmacological and non-pharmacological apathy treatment interventions. Areas requiring greater investigation include: diagnostic procedures, symptom measurement, understanding the biological mechanisms/biomarkers of apathy, and a well-formed approach to the development of treatment strategies. A better understanding of the subdomains and biological mechanisms of apathy will advance apathy as a treatment target for clinical trials.
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25
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Chaudhary S, Zhornitsky S, Chao HH, van Dyck CH, Li CSR. Emotion Processing Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: An Overview of Behavioral Findings, Systems Neural Correlates, and Underlying Neural Biology. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2022; 37:15333175221082834. [PMID: 35357236 PMCID: PMC9212074 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221082834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We described behavioral studies to highlight emotional processing deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The findings suggest prominent deficit in recognizing negative emotions, pronounced effect of positive emotion on enhancing memory, and a critical role of cognitive deficits in manifesting emotional processing dysfunction in AD. We reviewed imaging studies to highlight morphometric and functional markers of hippocampal circuit dysfunction in emotional processing deficits. Despite amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli, hippocampal dysfunction conduces to deficits in emotional memory. Finally, the reviewed studies implicating major neurotransmitter systems in anxiety and depression in AD supported altered cholinergic and noradrenergic signaling in AD emotional disorders. Overall, the studies showed altered emotions early in the course of illness and suggest the need of multimodal imaging for further investigations. Particularly, longitudinal studies with multiple behavioral paradigms translatable between preclinical and clinical models would provide data to elucidate the time course and underlying neurobiology of emotion processing dysfunction in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Simon Zhornitsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Herta H. Chao
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher H. van Dyck
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R. Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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26
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Gallo A, Pillet LE, Verpillot R. New frontiers in Alzheimer's disease diagnostic: Monoamines and their derivatives in biological fluids. Exp Gerontol 2021; 152:111452. [PMID: 34182050 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Current diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) relies on a combination of neuropsychological evaluations, biomarker measurements and brain imaging. Nevertheless, these approaches are either expensive, invasive or lack sensitivity to early AD stages. The main challenge of ongoing research is therefore to identify early non-invasive biomarkers to diagnose AD at preclinical stage. Accumulating evidence support the hypothesis that initial degeneration of profound monoaminergic nuclei may trigger a transneuronal spread of AD pathology towards hippocampus and cortex. These studies aroused great interest on monoamines, i.e. noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (D) ad serotonin (5-HT), as early hallmarks of AD pathology. The present work reviews current literature on the potential role of monoamines and related metabolites as biomarkers of AD. First, morphological changes in the monoaminergic systems during AD are briefly described. Second, we focus on concentration changes of these molecules and their derivatives in biological fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, obtained by lumbar puncture, and blood or urine, sampled via less invasive procedures. Starting from initial observations, we then discuss recent insights on metabolomics-based analysis, highlighting the promising clinical utility of monoamines for the identification of a molecular AD signature, aimed at improving early diagnosis and discrimination from other dementia.
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27
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Chen Y, Dang M, Zhang Z. Brain mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review of symptom-general and -specific lesion patterns. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:38. [PMID: 34099005 PMCID: PMC8186099 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and are associated with accelerated cognitive impairment and earlier deaths. This review aims to explore the neural pathogenesis of NPSs in AD and its association with the progression of AD. We first provide a literature overview on the onset times of NPSs. Different NPSs occur in different disease stages of AD, but most symptoms appear in the preclinical AD or mild cognitive impairment stage and develop progressively. Next, we describe symptom-general and -specific patterns of brain lesions. Generally, the anterior cingulate cortex is a commonly damaged region across all symptoms, and the prefrontal cortex, especially the orbitofrontal cortex, is also a critical region associated with most NPSs. In contrast, the anterior cingulate-subcortical circuit is specifically related to apathy in AD, the frontal-limbic circuit is related to depression, and the amygdala circuit is related to anxiety. Finally, we elucidate the associations between the NPSs and AD by combining the onset time with the neural basis of NPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Mingxi Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Zhanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
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28
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Poddar MK, Banerjee S, Chakraborty A, Dutta D. Metabolic disorder in Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:781-813. [PMID: 33638805 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a well known aging-induced neurodegenerative disease is related to amyloid proteinopathy. This proteinopathy occurs due to abnormalities in protein folding, structure and thereby its function in cells. The root cause of such kind of proteinopathy and its related neurodegeneration is a disorder in metabolism, rather metabolomics of the major as well as minor nutrients. Metabolomics is the most relevant "omics" platform that offers a great potential for the diagnosis and prognosis of neurodegenerative diseases as an individual's metabolome. In recent years, the research on such kinds of neurodegenerative diseases, especially aging-related disorders is broadened its scope towards metabolic function. Different neurotransmitter metabolisms are also involved with AD and its associated neurodegeneration. The genetic and epigenetic backgrounds are also noteworthy. In this review, the physiological changes of AD in relation to its corresponding biochemical, genetic and epigenetic involvements including its (AD) therapeutic aspects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal K Poddar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Soumyabrata Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Departrment of Psychology, Neuroscience Program, Field Neurosciences Institute Research Laboratory for Restorative Neurology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, 48859, USA
| | - Apala Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Debasmita Dutta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, USA
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29
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Kumari N, Kaul A, Varshney R, Singh VK, Srivastava K, Bhagat S, Mishra AK, Tiwari AK. Synthesis and evaluation of technetium-99m labelled 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine derivative for single photon emission computed tomography imaging for targeting 5-HT 1A. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104972. [PMID: 33993020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative changes in expression level of 5HT1A are somewhere related to common neurological disorders such as anxiety, major depression and schizophrenia. We have designed EDTA conjugated SPECT imaging probe for localization of 5HT1A receptor in brain. For designing SPECT probe we have employed the concept of bivalent approach and a homodimeric system with desirable pharmacokinetics of 5HT1A imaging. 99mTc-EDHT was also evaluated for its stability through serum stability assay and glutathione challenge experiment. Biodistribution study showed the highest accumulation of radioactivity in kidney which depicted the renal mode of excretion from the body. However in brain the uptake of 1.21% ID per gram was observed in initial 5 min of drug administration. On blocking the receptor this percent get decreased to 0.97% ID per gram. The regional distribution in brain was also performed which showed the accumulation of drug in cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus part, which are already known for 5HT1A expression. Dynamic study in rabbit is also in support of results derived from biodistribution and blood kinetics experiment. These finding suggest that 99mTc-EDHT holds promising place for further optimization before nuclear medicine applications in different animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical & Decision Sciences (SPDS), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow 226025, UP, India; Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Ankur Kaul
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Raunak Varshney
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. S.M.N.R University, Lucknow 226018, India
| | - Krishna Srivastava
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow 225003, UP, India
| | - Sunita Bhagat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India
| | - Anjani Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical & Decision Sciences (SPDS), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow 226025, UP, India; Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Road, Delhi 110054, India.
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Kumar B, Thakur A, Dwivedi AR, Kumar R, Kumar V. Multi-Target-Directed Ligands as an Effective Strategy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1757-1803. [PMID: 33982650 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210512005508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder, and multiple pathological factors are believed to be involved in the genesis and progression of the disease. A number of hypotheses, including Acetylcholinesterase, Monoamine oxidase, β-Amyloid, Tau protein, etc., have been proposed for the initiation and progression of the disease. At present, acetylcholine esterase inhibitors and memantine (NMDAR antagonist) are the only approved therapies for the symptomatic management of AD. Most of these single-target drugs have miserably failed in the treatment or halting the progression of the disease. Multi-factorial diseases like AD require complex treatment strategies that involve simultaneous modulation of a network of interacting targets. Since the last few years, Multi-Target-Directed Ligands (MTDLs) strategy, drugs that can simultaneously hit multiple targets, is being explored as an effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. In the current review article, the authors have briefly described various pathogenic pathways associated with AD. The importance of Multi-Target-Directed Ligands and their design strategies in recently reported articles have been discussed in detail. Potent leads are identified through various structure-activity relationship studies, and their drug-like characteristics are described. Recently developed promising compounds have been summarized in the article. Some of these MTDLs with balanced activity profiles against different targets have the potential to be developed as drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Kumar
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- Central University of Punjab Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, India
| | | | - Rakesh Kumar
- Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab-151001, India
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Bombardi C, Grandis A, Pivac N, Sagud M, Lucas G, Chagraoui A, Lemaire-Mayo V, De Deurwaerdère P, Di Giovanni G. Serotonin modulation of hippocampal functions: From anatomy to neurotherapeutics. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:83-158. [PMID: 33785139 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal region receives a dense serotoninergic innervation originating from both medial and dorsal raphe nuclei. This innervation regulates hippocampal activity through the activation of distinct receptor families that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, terminals of several afferent neurotransmitter systems, and glial cells. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that hippocampal dysfunctions are involved in learning and memory deficits, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and mood disorders such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic syndrome disorder, whereas the hippocampus participates also in the therapeutic mechanisms of numerous medicines. Not surprisingly, several drugs acting via 5-HT mechanisms are efficacious to some extent in some diseases and the link between 5-HT and the hippocampus although clear remains difficult to untangle. For this reason, we review reported data concerning the distribution and the functional roles of the 5-HT receptors in the hippocampal region in health and disease. The impact of the 5-HT systems on the hippocampal function is such that the research of new 5-HT mechanisms and drugs is still very active. It concerns notably drugs acting at the 5-HT1A,2A,2C,4,6 receptor subtypes, in addition to the already existing drugs including the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Grandis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudier Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Guillaume Lucas
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Valérie Lemaire-Mayo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Babić Leko M, Hof PR, Šimić G. Alterations and interactions of subcortical modulatory systems in Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:379-421. [PMID: 33785136 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not fully understood. Here we summarize current knowledge on the involvement of the serotonergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and opioid systems in AD, emphasizing the importance of interactions between the serotonergic and the other subcortical modulatory systems during the progression of AD. In physiological conditions, all neurotransmitter systems function in concert and are interdependent at both the neuroanatomical and molecular levels. Through their early involvement in AD, cognitive and behavioral abilities that rely on their interactions also become disrupted. Considering that serotonin (5HT) regulates the release of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and acetylcholine (ACh), any alteration in 5HT levels leads to disturbance of NA, DA, and ACh homeostasis in the brain. One of the earliest pathological changes during the prodromal phase of AD is a decrease of serotonergic transmission throughout the brain, with serotonergic receptors being also affected. Additionally, serotonergic and noradrenergic as well as serotonergic and dopaminergic nuclei are reciprocally interconnected. As the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is affected by pathological changes early in AD, and the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and dopaminergic ventral tegmental area (VTA) exhibit AD-related pathological changes, their connectivity also becomes altered in AD. Such disrupted interactions among neurotransmitter systems in AD can be used in the development of multi-target drugs. Some of the potential AD therapeutics (such as ASS234, RS67333, tropisetron) target multiple neurotransmitter systems to achieve the best possible improvement of cognitive and behavioral deficits observed in AD. Here, we review how serotonergic system interacts with other subcortical modulatory systems (noradrenergic, dopaminergic, cholinergic, and opioid systems) during AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Babić Leko
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, and Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Goran Šimić
- Department for Neuroscience, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Whiley L, Chappell KE, D'Hondt E, Lewis MR, Jiménez B, Snowden SG, Soininen H, Kłoszewska I, Mecocci P, Tsolaki M, Vellas B, Swann JR, Hye A, Lovestone S, Legido-Quigley C, Holmes E. Metabolic phenotyping reveals a reduction in the bioavailability of serotonin and kynurenine pathway metabolites in both the urine and serum of individuals living with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:20. [PMID: 33422142 PMCID: PMC7797094 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00741-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both serotonergic signalling disruption and systemic inflammation have been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The common denominator linking the two is the catabolism of the essential amino acid, tryptophan. Metabolism via tryptophan hydroxylase results in serotonin synthesis, whilst metabolism via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) results in kynurenine and its downstream derivatives. IDO is reported to be activated in times of host systemic inflammation and therefore is thought to influence both pathways. To investigate metabolic alterations in AD, a large-scale metabolic phenotyping study was conducted on both urine and serum samples collected from a multi-centre clinical cohort, consisting of individuals clinically diagnosed with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and age-matched controls. METHODS Metabolic phenotyping was applied to both urine (n = 560) and serum (n = 354) from the European-wide AddNeuroMed/Dementia Case Register (DCR) biobank repositories. Metabolite data were subsequently interrogated for inter-group differences; influence of gender and age; comparisons between two subgroups of MCI - versus those who remained cognitively stable at follow-up visits (sMCI); and those who underwent further cognitive decline (cMCI); and the impact of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medication on metabolite concentrations. RESULTS Results revealed significantly lower metabolite concentrations of tryptophan pathway metabolites in the AD group: serotonin (urine, serum), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (urine), kynurenine (serum), kynurenic acid (urine), tryptophan (urine, serum), xanthurenic acid (urine, serum), and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (urine). For each listed metabolite, a decreasing trend in concentrations was observed in-line with clinical diagnosis: control > MCI > AD. There were no significant differences in the two MCI subgroups whilst SSRI medication status influenced observations in serum, but not urine. CONCLUSIONS Urine and serum serotonin concentrations were found to be significantly lower in AD compared with controls, suggesting the bioavailability of the neurotransmitter may be altered in the disease. A significant increase in the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio suggests that this may be a result of a shift to the kynurenine metabolic route due to increased IDO activity, potentially as a result of systemic inflammation. Modulation of the pathways could help improve serotonin bioavailability and signalling in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Whiley
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6105, Australia
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Katie E Chappell
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry W12 0NN, UK, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ellie D'Hondt
- imec, Exascience Life Lab, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry W12 0NN, UK, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Beatriz Jiménez
- National Phenome Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Stuart G Snowden
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Present address: Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Bruno Vellas
- INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan R Swann
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry W12 0NN, UK, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Abdul Hye
- INSERM U 558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Current affiliation at Janssen-Cilag Ltd, High Wycombe, UK
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Elaine Holmes
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6105, Australia.
- The Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Section for Nutrition Research, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Ballard C, Kales HC, Lyketsos C, Aarsland D, Creese B, Mills R, Williams H, Sweet RA. Psychosis in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2020; 20:57. [PMID: 33048274 PMCID: PMC7554014 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-01074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the incidence, treatment and genetics of psychosis in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). RECENT FINDINGS Psychosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has an incidence of ~ 10% per year. There is limited evidence regarding psychological interventions. Pharmacological management has focused on atypical antipsychotics, balancing modest benefits with evidence of long-term harms. The 5HT2A inverse agonist pimavanserin appears to confer benefit in PD psychosis with initial evidence of benefit in AD. Cholinesterase inhibitors give modest benefits in DLB psychosis. The utility of muscarinic agonists, lithium, glutamatergic and noradrenergic modulators needs further study. Recent work has confirmed the importance of psychosis in MCI as well as AD. The lack of evidence regarding psychological therapies is an urgent knowledge gap, but there is encouraging evidence for emerging pharmacological treatments. Genetics will provide an opportunity for precision medicine and new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive Ballard
- The University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, The University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
| | | | | | - Dag Aarsland
- University Hospital Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - Byron Creese
- The University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, The University of Exeter, St Luke's Campus, Magdalen Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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Chang KW, Zong HF, Wang M, Rizvi MY, Neha SI, Yang WN, Ji SF, Ma YB, Qian YH. PNU282987 alleviates Aβ-induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors through upregulation of α7nAChR by ERK-serotonin receptors pathway. Neurosci Lett 2020; 731:135118. [PMID: 32502508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease often undergo anxiety and depression. Our previous studies have shown that α7nAChR protects against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity via downregulation of p38 and JNK MAPKs, but the role of α7nAChR on Aβ-induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors and the effect of α7nAChR on the regulation of MAPKs pathways remain unknown. To examine the effects of α7nAChR and MAPKs pathways on Aβ-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors and to explore their relationships between them, elevated plus maze, open field and forced swim tests were performed. Protein levels of 5-HT1A receptor, 5-HT2C receptor, α7nAChR, t-ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in the amygdala were analyzed by western blotting and immunostaining. Our study found out that Aβ oligomers induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors in C56BL/6 mice with open field, elevated plus maze and forced swim tests. However, activation of α7nAChR or inhibition of ERK pathways showed significant antidepressant and anxiolytic-like effects on Aβ-injected mice. Moreover, Aβ significantly decreased the level of 5-HT1A receptor but increased the level of 5-HT2C receptor in the basolateral amygdala. Treatment with α7nAChR agonist PNU282987 or ERK inhibitor U0126 reversed Aβ-induced 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptor changes. Moreover, activation of α7nAChR inhibited ERK pathway in the amygdala of Aβ1-42-injected mice. Our study provides a new insight into the mechanism of α7nAChR in Aβ-induced depression and anxiety-related symptoms through the regulation of ERK1/2 pathway and the potential association with serotonin receptors. Together, our data suggests that α7nAChR is protective against Aβ-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Chang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Hang-Fan Zong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Mohammad Yasir Rizvi
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Saema Iffat Neha
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Wei-Na Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Sheng-Feng Ji
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yan-Bing Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yi-Hua Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Ciullo V, Spalletta G, Caltagirone C, Banaj N, Vecchio D, Piras F, Piras F. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Cognition in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Systematic Review of the Evidence and Future Directions. Neuroscientist 2020; 27:285-309. [PMID: 32644874 DOI: 10.1177/1073858420936167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been implemented in neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive impairment. However, methodological heterogeneity challenges conclusive remarks. Through a critical analysis of previous conflicting findings and in the light of current neurobiological models of pathophysiology, we qualitatively assessed the effects of tDCS in neuropsychiatric disorders that share neurobiological underpinnings, as to evaluate whether stimulation can improve cognitive deficits in patients' cohorts. We performed a systematic review of tDCS studies targeting cognitive functions in mental disorders and pathological cognitive aging. Data from 41 studies, comprising patients with diagnosis of mood disorders, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), were included. Results indicate that tDCS has the capacity to enhance processing speed, working memory, and executive functions in patients with mood and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The evidence of a positive effect on general cognitive functioning and memory is either inconclusive in AD, or weak in MCI. Future directions are discussed for developing standardized stimulation protocols and for translating the technique therapeutic potential into effective clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ciullo
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Caton M, Ochoa ELM, Barrantes FJ. The role of nicotinic cholinergic neurotransmission in delusional thinking. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2020; 6:16. [PMID: 32532978 PMCID: PMC7293341 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-020-0105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Delusions are a difficult-to-treat and intellectually fascinating aspect of many psychiatric illnesses. Although scientific progress on this complex topic has been challenging, some recent advances focus on dysfunction in neural circuits, specifically in those involving dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. Here we review the role of cholinergic neurotransmission in delusions, with a focus on nicotinic receptors, which are known to play a part in some illnesses where these symptoms appear, including delirium, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, Parkinson, Huntington, and Alzheimer diseases. Beginning with what we know about the emergence of delusions in these illnesses, we advance a hypothesis of cholinergic disturbance in the dorsal striatum where nicotinic receptors are operative. Striosomes are proposed to play a central role in the formation of delusions. This hypothesis is consistent with our current knowledge about the mechanism of action of cholinergic drugs and with our abstract models of basic cognitive mechanisms at the molecular and circuit levels. We conclude by pointing out the need for further research both at the clinical and translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Caton
- The Permanente Medical Group, Kaiser Santa Rosa Department of Psychiatry, 2235 Mercury Way, Santa Rosa, CA, 95047, USA
- Heritage Oaks Hospital, 4250 Auburn Boulevard, Sacramento, CA, 95841, USA
| | - Enrique L M Ochoa
- Heritage Oaks Hospital, 4250 Auburn Boulevard, Sacramento, CA, 95841, USA
- Volunteer Clinical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California at Davis, 2230 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Francisco J Barrantes
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Faculty of Medical Sciences, UCA-CONICET, Av. Alicia Moreau de Justo 1600, C1107AFF, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Wang M, Zong HF, Chang KW, Han H, Yasir Rizvi M, Iffat Neha S, Li ZY, Yang WN, Qian YH. 5-HT 1AR alleviates Aβ-induced cognitive decline and neuroinflammation through crosstalk with NF-κB pathway in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 82:106354. [PMID: 32143008 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor is significant for the regulation of mood and memory. However, the role of 5-HT1AR in β-Amyloid protein (Aβ)-induced cognitive decline, neuroinflammation and the possible mechanism remains elusive. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effects of 5-HT1AR on Aβ-induced learning and memory decline and neuroinflammation in mice. Novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests were performed to observe learning and memory behavior in mice. Protein levels of Iba1, GFAP, MAP2, TNF-α, Tβ4, C-fos, IKK-β, IKB-α, NF-κBp65, phospho-NF-κBp65 in the hippocampus were examined by immunostaining or western blotting. Aβ1-42-treatment inducing learning and memory decline was shown in novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests; neuroinflammation shown in immunostaining. Our study found out that 5-HT1AR inhibitor WAY100635 showed significant improvement in Aβ-induced learning and memory decline. Moreover, WAY100635 decreases levels of Iba1, GFAP, and TNF-α in the hippocampus, which were related to neuroinflammation. While treatment with 5-HT1AR agonist 8-OH-DPAT or ERK inhibitor U0126 exerted no effects or even aggravated Aβ-induced learning and memory decline. In addition, WAY100635 could downregulate phospho-NF-κB in the hippocampus of Aβ1-42-injected mice. These results provide new insight into the mechanism, for 5-HT1AR in Aβ-induced cognitive impairments through crosstalk with the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our data indicated that WAY100635 was involved in the protective effects against neuroinflammation and improvement of learning and memory in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Hang-Fan Zong
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Ke-Wei Chang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China; Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mohammad Yasir Rizvi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Saema Iffat Neha
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China
| | - Wei-Na Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China; Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yi-Hua Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology-Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West, China; Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 76 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Pakdeepak K, Chokchaisiri R, Tocharus J, Jearjaroen P, Tocharus C, Suksamrarn A. 5,6,7,4'-Tetramethoxyflavanone protects against neuronal degeneration induced by dexamethasone by attenuating amyloidogenesis in mice. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:16-32. [PMID: 32038114 PMCID: PMC7003641 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to high glucocorticoid levels induces memory impairment and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by increasing the expression of amyloid β and tau hyperphosphorylation (pTau). Previous studies showed beneficial effects of flavonoids in neurodegenerative models. 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavanone (TMF) is one of the active ingredients in Chromolaena odorata (L.), which R. M. King and H. Rob discovered in Thailand. This study focused on the effects of TMF on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced neurodegeneration, amyloidogenesis, pTau expression, neuron synaptic function, and cognitive impairment and the potential mechanisms involved. Mice were intraperitoneally administered DEX for 28 days before being treated with TMF for 30 days. The mice were randomly divided into six groups (twelve mice per group): control; TMF administration (40 mg/kg); pioglitazone administration (20 mg/kg); DEX administration (60 mg/kg); DEX administration plus TMF; and DEX administration plus pioglitazone. Behavioral tests showed that TMF significantly attenuated the memory impairment triggered by DEX. Consistently, TMF reduced DEX-induced amyloid beta production by reducing the expression of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and presenilin 1 (PS1), whereas it increased the gene expression of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10). TMF treatment also decreased pTau expression, inhibited phosphonuclear factor-kappa B (pNF-kB) and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activity by increasing GSK3 phosphorylation (pGSK3). In addition, TMF also improved synaptic function by increasing the expression of synaptophysin (Syn) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) while decreasing acetylcholine esterase activity. Conclusively, TMF provided neuroprotection against DEX-induced neurodegeneration. These findings suggest that TMF might have potential as a therapeutic drug for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanet Pakdeepak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.,Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Jiraporn Tocharus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Chainarong Tocharus
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
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Haider S, Liaquat L, Ahmad S, Batool Z, Siddiqui RA, Tabassum S, Shahzad S, Rafiq S, Naz N. Naringenin protects AlCl3/D-galactose induced neurotoxicity in rat model of AD via attenuation of acetylcholinesterase levels and inhibition of oxidative stress. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227631. [PMID: 31945778 PMCID: PMC6964982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently prescribed medications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) that are based on acetylcholinesterase inhibition only offer symptomatic relief but do not provide protection against neurodegeneration. There appear to be an intense need for the development of therapeutic strategies that not only improve brain functions but also prevent neurodegeneration. The oxidative stress is one of the main causative factors of AD. Various antioxidants are being investigated to prevent neurodegeneration in AD. The objective of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of naringenin (NAR) against AlCl3+D-gal induced AD-like symptoms in an animal model. Rats were orally pre-treated with NAR (50 mg/kg) for two weeks and then exposed to AlCl3+D-gal (150 mg/kg + 300 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for one week to develop AD-like symptoms. The standard drug, donepezil (DPZ) was used as a stimulator of cholinergic activity. Our results showed that NAR pre-treatment significantly protected AD-like behavioral disturbances in rats. In DPZ group, rats showed improved cognitive and cholinergic functions but the neuropsychiatric functions were not completely improved and showed marked histopathological alterations. However, NAR not only prevented AlCl3+D-gal induced AD-like symptoms but also significantly prevented neuropsychiatric dysfunctions in rats. Results of present study suggest that NAR may play a role in enhancing neuroprotective and cognition functions and it can potentially be considered as a neuroprotective compound for therapeutic management of AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saida Haider
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Laraib Liaquat
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saara Ahmad
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Batool
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Rafat Ali Siddiqui
- Nutrition Science and Food Chemistry Laboratory, Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, United States of America
| | - Saiqa Tabassum
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Biosciences, Shaheed Zuifiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidrah Shahzad
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Pakistan Navy Medical Training School and College, PNS Shifa, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Rafiq
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Narjis Naz
- Department of Genetics, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Reddy Mukku S, Desai G, Chaturvedi S. Depression and somatic symptoms in dementia: A narrative review. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_4_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Frame G, Bretland KA, Dengler-Crish CM. Mechanistic complexities of bone loss in Alzheimer's disease: a review. Connect Tissue Res 2020; 61:4-18. [PMID: 31184223 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1624734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD), the primary cause of dementia in the elderly, is one of the leading age-related neurodegenerative diseases worldwide. While AD is notorious for destroying memory and cognition, dementia patients also experience greater incidence of bone loss and skeletal fracture than age-matched neurotypical individuals, greatly impacting their quality of life. Despite the significance of this comorbidity, there is no solid understanding of the mechanisms driving early bone loss in AD. Here, we review studies that have evaluated many of the obvious risk factors shared by dementia and osteoporosis, and illuminate emerging work investigating covert pathophysiological mechanisms shared between the disorders that may have potential as new risk biomarkers or therapeutic targets in AD.Conclusions: Skeletal deficits emerge very early in clinical Alzheimer's progression, and cannot be explained by coincident factors such as aging, female sex, mobility status, falls, or genetics. While research in this area is still in its infancy, studies implicate several potential mechanisms in disrupting skeletal homeostasis that include direct effects of amyloid-beta pathology on bone cells, neurofibrillary tau-induced damage to neural centers regulating skeletal remodeling, and/or systemic Wnt/Beta-catenin signaling deficits. Data from an increasing number of studies substantiate a role for the newly discovered "exercise hormone" irisin and its protein precursor FNDC5 in bone loss and AD-associated neurodegeneration. We conclude that the current status of research on bone loss in AD is insufficient and merits critical attention because this work could uncover novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities desperately needed to address AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Frame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Program, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Katie A Bretland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.,Integrated Pharmaceutical Medicine Program, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
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Wang N, Qiu P, Cui W, Yan X, Zhang B, He S. Recent Advances in Multi-target Anti-Alzheimer Disease Compounds (2013 Up to the Present). Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5684-5710. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181203124102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
:
Since the last century, when scientists proposed the lock-and-key model, the discovery of
drugs has focused on the development of drugs acting on single target. However, single-target drug
therapies are not effective to complex diseases with multi-factorial pathogenesis. Moreover, the
combination of single-target drugs readily causes drug resistance and side effects. In recent years,
multi-target drugs have increasingly been represented among FDA-approved drugs. Alzheimer’s
Disease (AD) is a complex and multi-factorial disease for which the precise molecular mechanisms
are still not fully understood. In recent years, rational multi-target drug design methods, which combine
the pharmacophores of multiple drugs, have been increasingly applied in the development of
anti-AD drugs. In this review, we give a brief description of the pathogenesis of AD and provide
detailed discussions about the recent development of chemical structures of anti-AD agents (2013 up
to present) that have multiple targets, such as amyloid-β peptide, Tau protein, cholinesterases,
monoamine oxidase, β-site amyloid-precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1, free radicals, metal ions
(Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) and so on. In this paper, we also added some novel targets or possible pathogenesis
which have been reported in recent years for AD therapy. We hope that these findings may provide
new perspectives for the pharmacological treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Panpan Qiu
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shan He
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Ehrhardt S, Porsteinsson AP, Munro CA, Rosenberg PB, Pollock BG, Devanand DP, Mintzer J, Rajji TK, Ismail Z, Schneider LS, Baksh SN, Drye LT, Avramopoulos D, Shade DM, Lyketsos CG. Escitalopram for agitation in Alzheimer's disease (S-CitAD): Methods and design of an investigator-initiated, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical trial. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:1427-1436. [PMID: 31587995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a disabling, common cause of dementia, and agitation is one of the most common and distressing symptoms for patients with AD. Escitalopram for agitation in Alzheimer's disease (S-CitAD) tests a novel, clinically derived therapeutic approach to treat agitation in patients with AD. METHODS S-CitAD is a NIH-funded, investigator-initiated, randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Participants receive a structured psychosocial intervention (PSI) as standard of care. Participants without sufficient response to PSI are randomized to receive 15 mg escitalopram/day or a matching placebo in addition to PSI. Primary outcome is the Modified Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study - Clinical Global Impression of Change (mADCS-CGIC). DISCUSSION S-CitAD will provide information about a practical, immediately available approach to treating agitation in patients with AD. S-CitAD may become a model of how to evaluate and predict treatment response in patients with AD and agitation as a neuropsychiatric symptom (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03108846).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ehrhardt
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Anton P Porsteinsson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia A Munro
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul B Rosenberg
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Campbell Family Research Institute and Division of Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry, CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Davangere P Devanand
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute and College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacobo Mintzer
- Roper St. Francis Research and Innovation Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Medical University of South Carolina, College of Health Professionals and Ralph H Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Campbell Family Research Institute and Division of Adult Neurodevelopment and Geriatric Psychiatry, CAMH, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Departments of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences and Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and the University of Southern California Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and the University of Southern California Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sheriza N Baksh
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lea T Drye
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitri Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David M Shade
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Constantine G Lyketsos
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Gottesman RT, Stern Y. Behavioral and Psychiatric Symptoms of Dementia and Rate of Decline in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1062. [PMID: 31616296 PMCID: PMC6768941 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease causes both cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. There is increasing evidence that the presentation and course of Alzheimer’s disease is highly heterogenous. This heterogeneity presents challenges to patients, their families, and clinicians due to the difficulty in prognosticating future symptoms and functional impairment. Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms are emerging as a significant contributor to this clinical heterogeneity. These symptoms have been linked to multiple areas of neurodegeneration, which may suggest that they are representative of network-wide dysfunction in the brain. However, current diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease focus exclusively on the cognitive aspects of disease. Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms have been found in multiple studies to be related to disease severity and to contribute to disease progression over time. A better understanding of how behavioral and psychiatric symptoms relate to cognitive aspects of Alzheimer’s disease would help to refine the models of disease and hopefully lead to improved ability to develop therapeutic options for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena T Gottesman
- Division of Aging and Dementia, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Bostancıklıoğlu M. Optogenetic stimulation of serotonin nuclei retrieve the lost memory in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:836-847. [PMID: 31332785 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
How are memories stored and retrieved? It was one of the most discussed questions in the past century by neuroscientists. Leading studies of the period brought two different explanations to this question: The first statement considers memory as a physiological change in the brain and suggest that the retrieval of memory is only occurred by the same physiologic changes observed during the memory formation, while the second suggests that memory is a psychic mood stored in mind and the retrieval of memory is occurred by mystical energy fluctuations. Although the exact reason and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease have not yet been fully understood, the approaches that centered the retrieval strategy of lost memory constitutes the basis of the treatment strategies in Alzheimer's disease today. The majority of treatment studies has based on the manipulation of the cholinergic system; however, although serotonin has mnemonic effects, its role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease has not been investigated as much as the cholinergic system. Here we show how serotonin affects the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease in a comprehensive perspective and we suggest that the optogenetics manipulation of serotonin nuclei retrieve the lost memory by closing the inward-rectifier potassium channel Kir2 on the memory engram cells. Also, we raise the possible effects of serotonin on the memory engram cells and the interactions between the amyloid-centric hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and the memory engram hypothesis to explain the pathophysiology of memory loss in Alzheimer's disease.
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Scuteri D, Rombolà L, Morrone LA, Bagetta G, Sakurada S, Sakurada T, Tonin P, Corasaniti MT. Neuropharmacology of the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia and Role of Pain: Essential Oil of Bergamot as a Novel Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3327. [PMID: 31284573 PMCID: PMC6651821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the population makes of dementia a challenge for health systems worldwide. The cognitive disturbance is a serious but not the only issue in dementia; behavioral and psychological syndromes known as neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia remarkably reduce the quality of life. The cluster of symptoms includes anxiety, depression, wandering, delusions, hallucinations, misidentifications, agitation and aggression. The pathophysiology of these symptoms implicates all the neurotransmitter systems, with a pivotal role for the glutamatergic neurotransmission. Imbalanced glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions, over-activation of the extrasynaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and alterations of the latter have been linked to the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms experienced by almost the entire demented population. Drugs with efficacy and safety for prevention or long term treatment of these disorders are not available yet. Aromatherapy provides the best evidence for positive outcomes in the control of agitation, the most resistant symptom. Demented patients often cannot verbalize pain, resulting in unrelieved symptoms and contributing to agitation. Bergamot essential oil provides extensive preclinical evidence of analgesic properties. Incidentally, the essential oil of bergamot induces anxyolitic-like effects devoid of sedation, typical of benzodiazepines, with a noteworthy advantage for demented patients. These data, together with the reported safety profile, form the rational basis for bergamot as a neurotherapeutic to be trialed for the control of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiana Scuteri
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Laura Rombolà
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Luigi Antonio Morrone
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Giacinto Bagetta
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Shinobu Sakurada
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sakurada
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences-First Department of Pharmacology Fukuoka, Fukuoka 815-8511, Japan
| | - Paolo Tonin
- Regional Center for Serious Brain Injuries, S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy
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Nizari S, Carare RO, Romero IA, Hawkes CA. 3D Reconstruction of the Neurovascular Unit Reveals Differential Loss of Cholinergic Innervation in the Cortex and Hippocampus of the Adult Mouse Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:172. [PMID: 31333445 PMCID: PMC6620643 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports a role for cerebrovasculature dysfunction in the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Blood vessels in the brain are composed of a collection of cells and acellular material that comprise the neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU in the hippocampus and cortex receives innervation from cholinergic neurons that originate in the basal forebrain. Death of these neurons and their nerve fibers is an early feature of AD. However, the effect of the loss of cholinergic innervation on the NVU is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the loss of cholinergic innervation of components of the NVU at capillaries, arteries and veins in the hippocampus and cortex. Adult male C57BL/6 mice received an intracerebroventricular injection of the immunotoxin p75NTR mu-saporin to induce the loss of cholinergic neurons. Quadruple labeling immunohistochemistry and 3D reconstruction were carried out to characterize specific points of contact between cholinergic fibers and collagen IV, smooth muscle cells and astrocyte endfeet. Innate differences were observed between vessels of the hippocampus and cortex of control mice, including a greater amount of cholinergic contact with perivascular astrocytes in hippocampal capillaries and a thicker basement membrane in hippocampal veins. Saporin treatment induced a loss of cholinergic innervation at the arterial basement membrane and smooth muscle cells of both the hippocampus and the cortex. In the cortex, there was an additional loss of innervation at the astrocytic endfeet. The current results suggest that cortical arteries are more strongly affected by cholinergic denervation than arteries in the hippocampus. This regional variation may have implications for the etiology of the vascular pathology that develops in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Nizari
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Roxana O Carare
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio A Romero
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl A Hawkes
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
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Chakraborty S, Lennon JC, Malkaram SA, Zeng Y, Fisher DW, Dong H. Serotonergic system, cognition, and BPSD in Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2019; 704:36-44. [PMID: 30946928 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD), present in almost 90% of patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD), cause extensive impairment leading to reduced independence and inability to complete activities of daily living. Though BPSD includes a wide range of symptoms, such as agitation, aggression, disinhibition, anxiety, depression, apathy, delusions, and hallucinations. Certain BPSD in AD co-present and can be clustered into distinct domains based on their frequency of co-occurrence. As these BPSD are so pervasive in any stages of AD, the disease may be better characterized as a disorder of heterogeneous degenerative symptoms across a number of symptom domains, with the most prominent domain comprising memory and cognitive deficits. Importantly, there are no FDA-approved drugs to treat these BPSD, and new approaches must be considered to develop effective treatments for AD patients. The biogenic monoamine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), or serotonin, works as both a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, which has been tied to cognitive decline and multiple BPSD domains. This review summarizes the evidence for specific serotonergic system alterations across some of the well-studied cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric domains. Though differences in overall serotonergic transmission occur in AD, circuit-specific alterations in individual 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs) are likely linked to the heterogeneous presentation of BPSD in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Chakraborty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jack C Lennon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sridhar A Malkaram
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University Institute, WV-25112, USA
| | - Yan Zeng
- Brain and Cognition Research Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Daniel W Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Wang H, Zhang H. Reconsideration of Anticholinesterase Therapeutic Strategies against Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:852-862. [PMID: 30521323 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is well-known as a severe neurodegeneration disease involving complicated etiologies, and cholinesterase inhibition remain the prevailing mode of clinical intervention in AD management. Although most clinically applied cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) achieve limited clinical outcomes, research on the central cholinergic system is still thriving. Recently, an impressive amount of knowledge regarding novel acetylcholinesterase functions, as well as the close association between the central cholinergic system and other key elements for AD pathogenesis, has accumulated, highlighting that this field still has great potential for future drug development. In contrast to the overwhelmingly disappointing clinical therapeutic effects of various disease-modifying drug candidates, interesting evidence has continued to emerge over the past 20 years from the wealth of preclinical and clinical data on the usage of ChEIs, indicating underestimated clinical benefits due to physician ambivalence, a lack of persistent treatment, and inappropriate medication times or doses. Here we pinpoint several topics fit for future attention, focusing on the updated cholinergic hypothesis, especially the pleiotropic relationships with key pathogenetic signaling pathways and functions in AD, as well as possible novel therapeutic strategies, including novel ChEIs and cholinesterase inhibition-based innovative multifunctional therapeutic candidates. We intend to strengthen the future value of the precise application of cholinergic drugs, especially novel ChEIs, as a cornerstone pharmacological approach to AD treatment, either alone or in combination with other targets, to relieve symptoms and to modify disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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