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Knöbel S, Borchert A, Gatzmaga N, Heilmann F, Musculus L, Laborde S, Lautenbach F. The impact of soccer-specific psychophysiological stress on inhibition and cognitive flexibility in elite youth players. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 74:102682. [PMID: 38821249 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
While researchers and practitioners attribute an essential role to executive functions (EFs) for soccer performance, the usefulness of respective diagnostics and the predictive value remain unclear. One limitation restricting the translation and relevance of study results to improve actual game performance is the insufficient consideration of competitive conditions. Thus, this study aimed to conduct soccer-specific cognitive diagnostics under a soccer-specific psychophysiological stress condition, mimicing the demands of a competitive game. A total of 92 (Mage = 15.17, SDage = 1.45) youth elite players performed tests for inhibition (flanker task) or cognitive flexibility (number-letter task) with a soccer-specific motor response (i.e., pass into goals). After a pre-test in a neutral condition, players were randomly assigned to a neutral (moderate soccer-specific exercise) or a stress condition (physical stress and competitive instructions and filming for psychological stress). Objective (i.e., cortisol, heart rate variability) and subjective stress-related measures (i.e., SAM, VAS) were assessed six times throughout experimental procedure. Analyses revealed significant interaction effects between time and condition for all objective and subjective variables indicating a successful experimental stress induction. For cognitive performance, results revealed significant main effects of time, but no significant interaction effects between time and condition. However, descriptive statistics suggested improved performance under stress, with decreased flanker effect and switch costs. Additionally, response time variability in the flanker task significantly decreased in the stress condition. These findings offer insights into individual stress perception and processing under game-related psychophysiological demands, expanding previous research on situational EF alterations that also hold relevance for applied practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Knöbel
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Sport Science, Chair of Sport Psychology, Jahnallee 59, 04109, Leipzig, Germany; Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - A Borchert
- RasenBallsport Leipzig GmbH, Cottaweg 3, 04177, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - N Gatzmaga
- RasenBallsport Leipzig GmbH, Cottaweg 3, 04177, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - F Heilmann
- Movement Science Lab, Institute of Sport Science, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 2, 06120, Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - L Musculus
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Psychology, Dept. Performance Psychology, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
| | - S Laborde
- German Sport University Cologne, Institute of Psychology, Dept. Performance Psychology, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
| | - F Lautenbach
- Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Hunter CL, Shields GS. Writing about a stressful experience can impair visual working memory. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304406. [PMID: 38968241 PMCID: PMC11226025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute stress has been well-established to impair working memory. However, less is known about how writing about an unresolved stressor may influence working memory or working memory processes. We addressed these issues in the present study (N = 282) by randomly assigning participants to write about an unresolved stressful experience (stressful writing condition or the events of the previous day). We then both measured performance on a change detection task and used computational modeling to estimate the processes underlying performance: attention, capacity, and guessing bias. We found that, relative to the control condition, writing about a stressful experience impaired change detection task performance and significantly impaired task attention. These results show that the effects of writing about an unresolved stressor may mimic the effects of acute stress on working memory, rather than conforming to expectations from mood-as-information theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton L. Hunter
- Department of Psychological Science University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Grant S. Shields
- Department of Psychological Science University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
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3
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Storbeck J, Stewart JL, Wylie J. Sadness and fear, but not happiness, motivate inhibitory behaviour: the influence of discrete emotions on the executive function of inhibition. Cogn Emot 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38738654 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2349281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition, an executive function, is critical for achieving goals that require suppressing unwanted behaviours, thoughts, or distractions. One hypothesis of the emotion and goal compatibility theory is that emotions of sadness and fear enhance inhibitory control. Across Experiments 1-4, we tested this hypothesis by inducing a happy, sad, fearful, and neutral emotional state prior to completing an inhibition task that indexed a specific facet of inhibition (oculomotor, resisting interference, behavioural, and cognitive). In Experiment 4, we included an anger induction to examine whether valence or motivational-orientation best-predicted performance. We found support that fear and sadness enhanced inhibition except when inhibition required resisting interference. We argue that sadness and fear enhance inhibitory control aiding the detection and analysis of problems (i.e. sadness) or threats (i.e. fear) within one's environment. In sum, this work highlights the importance of identifying how negative emotions can be beneficial for and interact with specific executive functions influencing down-stream processing including attention, cognition, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Storbeck
- Psychology Department, Queens College, CUNY, Queens, NY, USA
- Psychology Department, The City University of New York Graduate Center, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jordan Wylie
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
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Kammerer MK, Nowak U, Lincoln TM, Krkovic K. Revisiting Cognitive Deficits in Outpatients with Psychotic Disorders: A Transdiagnostic Comparison of Cognitive Performance While Accounting for Putative Confounding Factors. Brain Sci 2024; 14:446. [PMID: 38790425 PMCID: PMC11119287 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests that cognitive deficits in individuals with psychotic disorders could be overestimated because poor cognitive test performance is partly attributable to non-cognitive factors. To further test this, we included non-hospitalized individuals with psychotic disorders (PSY, n = 38), individuals with attenuated psychotic symptoms (n = 40), individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorders (n = 39), and healthy controls (n = 38). Relevant cognitive domains were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Putative confounding non-cognitive factors-heart rate, self-reported stress, negative affect, performance-related beliefs, and actigraphy-derived sleep-were assessed before cognitive testing. A multivariate analysis of covariance was calculated to examine group differences in cognitive performance while controlling for non-cognitive factors. PSY showed decreased test performance in graphomotor speed, attention, and verbal tasks compared to the other groups, whereas non-verbal/visual-spatial tasks were unimpaired. After accounting for non-cognitive factors, group differences diminished in verbal learning, whereas differences in the other domains remained significant. Against our hypotheses, the present findings indicate that some cognitive deficits in PSY cannot be attributed to momentary confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Konstantin Kammerer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.K.); (U.N.); (T.M.L.)
| | - Ulrike Nowak
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.K.); (U.N.); (T.M.L.)
| | - Tania M. Lincoln
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Movement Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; (M.K.K.); (U.N.); (T.M.L.)
| | - Katarina Krkovic
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Youth, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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Di Rosa E, Masina F, Pastorino A, Galletti E, Gambarota F, Altoè G, Edelstyn N, Mapelli D. Mood moderates the effects of prefrontal tDCS on executive functions: A meta-analysis testing the affective state-dependency hypothesis. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:920-930. [PMID: 38341155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, numerous studies have investigated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive functioning. However, results of these studies frequently display inconsistency and pose challenges regarding replicability. The present work aimed at testing the hypothesis of mood as potential moderator of prefrontal tDCS effects on executive functions (EF). This hypothesis refers to the relationship between mood and EF, as well as to the association of mood with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of 11 articles where the dlPFC was stimulated with anodal tDCS, EF were measured, and mood was assessed prior to the stimulation. We then conducted a meta-regression to examine whether mood moderated the tDCS effects on EF. RESULTS While no significant effect of tDCS on EF emerged from the meta-analysis, the meta-regression indicated that mood plays a significant role as moderator, with greater tDCS effects on EF in individuals with higher depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS The limited number of studies included, the heterogeneous samples considered, and the limited generalizability to other non-invasive brain stimulation techniques and affective states. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that evaluating mood prior to stimulation could increase the sensitivity and specificity of tDCS application, and provide the first meta-analytic evidence in favor of the affective state-dependency hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Di Rosa
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.
| | | | | | | | - Filippo Gambarota
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology - University of Padova, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Altoè
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology - University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Mapelli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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Tang Y, Xu J, Zhao Y, Davis T, Zhang H. Parental Phubbing and Adolescent Smartphone Addiction: Depression and Perceived School Climate Matter. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:287-293. [PMID: 38407868 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between parental phubbing and adolescents' smartphone addiction, the mediating role of depression, and the moderating role of perceived school climate in the association. Seven hundred forty-two Chinese adolescents (Mage = 12.97, SD = 0.64, 45.55 percent female) were recruited and self-reported questionnaires were administered. Results indicated that parental phubbing was positively associated with adolescents' smartphone addiction. Depression partially mediated the above relation. Further, perceived school climate moderated the relation between parental phubbing and depression, such that the positive association between parental phubbing and depression was stronger among adolescents who perceived their school climate as more negative (vs. positive). The findings deepened our understanding of the relation between parenting behaviors and adolescents' smartphone addiction and implications for interventions and practices were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingyi Xu
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yunxin Zhao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Toshanna Davis
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Knöbel S, Weinberg H, Heilmann F, Lautenbach F. The interaction between acute emotional states and executive functions in youth elite soccer players. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1348079. [PMID: 38590336 PMCID: PMC10999690 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1348079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Executive functions (EFs) are relevant for game performance in soccer and have been investigated in previous research. However, emotions are a well-known performance factor in sport competitions, which may affect performance by means of EFs. The diagnostic of EFs has mainly been performed disregarding the potential impact of emotional states. Thus, we aimed to initially analyze interaction between emotional states and EFs in two studies with male youth elite soccer players. Methods In the first study, 105 players (Mage = 14.97) completed computerized tasks assessing inhibition, cognitive flexibility and working memory. In the second study, 92 players (Mage = 15.17) performed adapted and validated tests of inhibition (n = 45) or cognitive flexibility (n = 47) in a soccer-specific setting (SoccerBot360). Emotional and affective states were assessed using the German Sport Emotion Questionnaire and self-assessment manikins. Results For the computerized tasks, results showed a significant negative correlation between switch costs accuracy and tension, r = 0.28, indicating lower error rates with higher levels of tension. In contrast, in the SoccerBot360 we found significant positive correlations for response time and tension (no-switch: r = 0.38; switch: r = 0.39) representing prolonged response times related to tension. Further, for soccer-specific inhibition, positive emotions were significantly positively correlated with response time (congruent: r = 0.32; incongruent: r = 0.32). Subsequent regression analyses also demonstrate that valence and arousal effectively explain variance in cognitive performance parameters under neutral conditions. Discussion Accordingly, the ambiguity of the results suggests high variability in EF performance, affective and emotional states as well as a potentially moderating influence of other variables such as context and task difficulty. Thus, future cognitive diagnostic research should integrate assessments of emotional and affective states as these may contribute to situational fluctuations in EF performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Knöbel
- Faculty of Sport Science, Chair of Sport Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Humboldt-Universtität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrietta Weinberg
- Movement and Sport Psychology, Institute for Sport Science, Friedrich-Schiler-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Heilmann
- Movement Science Lab, Institute of Sport Science, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Franziska Lautenbach
- Sport Psychology, Institute of Sport Science, Humboldt-Universtität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Jia L, Zhao R, Zhang Q. The influence of induced moods on aging of phonological encoding in spoken word production: an ERP study. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1330746. [PMID: 38415280 PMCID: PMC10896962 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1330746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of induced mood on the phonological encoding involved in Chinese spoken word production with a picture-word inference task while concurrently recorded electrophysiological signals. In the experiment, young and older participants watched videos for inducing positive, negative, or neutral mood, and then they were instructed to name target picture while ignoring phonologically related or unrelated distractor words. A phonological facilitation effect was observed in young adults but not in older adults, suggesting an age-related decline of phonological encoding. Both groups showed an inhibition effect in negative mood but not in positive mood, suggesting that speakers have different processing styles in different moods. ERP data revealed a phonological effect around the time window of 250-350 ms in both groups. Meanwhile, young adults showed a phonological effect around 350-450 ms in negative mood and positive mood which may reflect self-monitoring in speech production. We suggest that the former effect may reflect phonological encoding while the latter reflects self-monitoring of internal syllables or phonemes. Furthermore, induced moods influence the phonological effect in older and young adults differently. Behavioral and ERP results provide consistent evidence for the aging decline of phonological encoding in spoken word production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qingfang Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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9
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Lautenbach F. Effects of positive affect and positive emotions on executive functions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:1-22. [PMID: 37943253 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2279173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Positive emotions (PEs) impact cognitive processes, including executive functions (EFs; i.e. inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility). However, previous reviews and meta-analyses report contradicting results. Thus, this review takes a novel approach to overcome conflicting findings by clearly conceptualising PE induction and by providing a detailed description of the tasks used to assess EFs, as well as by exclusively focusing on EFs. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed. Study inclusion criteria required that subjects were healthy individuals over 18 years, PEs were induced in a controlled laboratory setting, a baseline measurement and a control condition was required, and finally, EFs were measured as a dependent variable using valid measurement instruments. The literature search was performed on PRIMUS, including relevant databases such as ERIC, MEDLINE, Psych ARTICLES, Psych INFO or SocINDEX. From a total of 6,661 identified articles, only 13, which featured 20 experimental studies, were included. Results show that the overall induction of PEs successfully caused an increase in valence and/or positive emotions. However, no significant effects of PE on EFs were detected (d = -0.051, p = .405). Reasons and future research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lautenbach
- Institute of Sport Science, Sport Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Muthukutty B, Doan TC, Yoo H. Binary metal oxide (NiO/SnO 2) composite with electrochemical bifunction: Detection of neuro transmitting drug and catalysis for hydrogen evolution reaction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 241:117655. [PMID: 37980995 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The synergetic effect between dual oxides in binary metal oxides (BMO) makes them promising electrode materials for the detection of toxic chemicals, and biological compounds. In addition, the interaction between the cations and anions of diverse metals in BMO tends to create more oxygen vacancies which are beneficial for energy storage devices. However, specifically targeted synthesis of BMO is still arduous. In this work, we prepared a nickel oxide/tin oxide composite (NiO/SnO2) through a simple solvothermal technique. The crystallinity, specific surface area, and morphology were fully characterized. The synthesized BMO is used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the electrochemical detection of dopamine (DPA) and for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). As expected, the active metals in the NiO/SnO2 composite afforded a higher redox current at a reduced redox potential with a nanomolar level detection limit (4 nm) and excellent selectivity. Moreover, a better recovery rate is achieved in the real-time detection of DPA in human urine and DPA injection solution. Compared to other metal oxides, NiO/SnO2 composite afforded lower overpotential (157 mV @10 mA cm-2), Tafel slope (155 mV dec-1), and long-term durability, with a minimum retention rate. These studies conclude that NiO/SnO2 composite can act as a suitable electrode modifier for electrochemical sensing and the HER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Muthukutty
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Thang Cao Doan
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyojong Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Buelow MT, Moore S, Kowalsky JM, Okdie BM. Cognitive chicken or the emotional egg? How reconceptualizing decision-making by integrating cognition and emotion can improve task psychometrics and clinical utility. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1254179. [PMID: 38034301 PMCID: PMC10687164 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1254179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Decision-making is an executive function, tapping into cognitive, emotional, and personality-based components. This complexity, and the varying operational definitions of the construct, is reflected in the rich array of behavioral decision-making tasks available for use in research and clinical settings. In many cases, these tasks are "subfield-specific," with tasks developed by cognitive psychologists focusing on cognitive aspects of decision-making and tasks developed by clinical psychologists focusing on interactions between emotional and cognitive aspects. Critically, performance across different tasks does not consistently correlate, obfuscating the ability to compare scores between measures and detect changes over time. Differing theories as to what cognitive and/or emotional aspects affect decision-making likely contribute to this lack of consistency across measures. The low criterion-related validity among decision-making tasks and lack of consistent measurement of the construct presents challenges for emotion and decision-making scholars. In this perspective, we provide several recommendations for the field: (a) assess decision-making as a specific cognitive ability versus a taxonomy of cognitive abilities; (b) a renewed focus on convergent validity across tasks; (c) further assessment of test-retest reliability versus practice effects on tasks; and (d) reimagine future decision-making research to consider the research versus clinical implications. We discuss one example of decision-making research applied to clinical settings, acquired brain injury recovery, to demonstrate how some of these concerns and recommendations can affect the ability to track changes in decision-making across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T. Buelow
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Newark, OH, United States
| | - Sammy Moore
- School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Bradley M. Okdie
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Newark, OH, United States
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12
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Ridout N, Dritschel B, Morjaria M, Yankey C. The influence of induced dysphoria on autobiographical memory specificity and social problem solving: Examining the role of executive function. Behav Res Ther 2023; 169:104404. [PMID: 37742525 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Negative mood induction leads to reductions in autobiographical memory specificity (AMS) and social problem-solving (SPS). The aim was to establish if executive function contributes to changes in AMS and SPS following negative mood induction. Forty-four participants (study 1) completed the autobiographical memory test and measures of executive function (letter & category fluency) before and after a positive or negative mood induction (MI). Forty participants (study 2) completed the means-end problem solving task (MEPS) and (letter & category) fluency tasks before and after a positive or negative MI. In study 1, participants exhibited impaired AMS and fluency performance following a sad MI. Decrease in memory specificity pre-to post-MI was related to reductions in happy mood and letter fluency. In study 2, participants exhibited poorer performance on the MEPS and fluency tasks following a sad MI. Decreases in the number of relevant solutions generated on the MEPS pre-to post-MI was linked to increases in sad mood and decreases in letter fluency. In both studies, the influence of mood became non-significant once the effect of executive function was accounted for, which suggests that changes in AMS and SPS in response to induced mood were related to concomitant changes in executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ridout
- School of Psychology, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK.
| | - Barbara Dritschel
- School of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Meera Morjaria
- School of Psychology, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Chanelle Yankey
- School of Psychology, College of Health & Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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13
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Vleet ZV, K C A, Lee KJ, Fernandez M. The effects of green space on college students' mood. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37722873 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2252931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Less attention has been given to how green space can impact college students' moods. This study aimed to examine whether university students exposed to outdoor and indoor green space-natural and artificial would experience a change in moods compared to students not exposed to green space. Method: Seventy-nine participants were randomly assigned to four different conditions: office without greenery, office with posters of nature, office with green plants, and outside in a garden. The Brunel Mood Scale was used to assess participants' moods before and after spending time in their assigned setting. Results: Results indicated that all participants experienced a decline in tension and fatigue regardless of their assigned setting, yet the decline was less pronounced among participants in the office without greenery. Conclusion: Study findings highlight indoor green space is also conducive to positive moods. Thus, in addition to protecting outside greenery, universities may invest in indoor greenery (e.g., indoor plants, posters/artwork featuring nature) that can be placed in classrooms, libraries, dormitories, and other spaces frequented by students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayden Van Vleet
- South Carolina Governor's School for Science and Mathematics, Hartsville, SC, USA
| | - Anup K C
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - KangJae Jerry Lee
- Department, of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mariela Fernandez
- Department of Recreation, Sport, and Tourism, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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14
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Yang X, Ma H, Zhang L, Xue J, Hu P. Perceived Social Support, Depressive Symptoms, Self-Compassion, and Mobile Phone Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:769. [PMID: 37754047 PMCID: PMC10525471 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationships between perceived social support and mobile phone addiction, as well as the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of self-compassion. METHODS A total of 874 college students completed questionnaires, including the perceived social support scale, depression-anxiety-stress scale, mobile phone addiction index, and the short form of the self-compassion scale. The participants included 202 males and 672 females, with an average age of 19.54 (SD = 2.16). RESULTS A moderated mediation analysis was conducted. The results revealed that perceived social support fully mediated the negative relationship between perceived social support and mobile phone addiction. Self-compassion attenuated the mediating effects. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicated that insufficient perceived social support may increase the risk of mobile phone addiction among college students because of the impact of depressive symptoms. However, self-compassion could buffer this adverse effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Yang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China; (X.Y.); (H.M.); (L.Z.); (J.X.)
- Department of Psychology, Tianjin University of Commerce, No. 409 Guangrong Road, Beichen District, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China; (X.Y.); (H.M.); (L.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China; (X.Y.); (H.M.); (L.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Jinyang Xue
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China; (X.Y.); (H.M.); (L.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100872, China; (X.Y.); (H.M.); (L.Z.); (J.X.)
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15
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Quinn ME, Shields GS. The Insidious Influence of Stress: An Integrated Model of Stress, Executive Control, and Psychopathology. Clin Psychol Sci 2023; 11:773-800. [PMID: 37701497 PMCID: PMC10497220 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221149736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Although exposure to acute stress undoubtedly contributes to psychopathology, most individuals do not develop psychopathology following stress exposure. To explain this, biological, emotional, and cognitive responses to stress have been implicated, but individual differences in executive control (i.e., top-down control of cognition and behavior) measured in response to stress has only recently emerged as a potential factor contributing to psychopathology. In this review, we introduce a model-the integrated model of stress, executive control, and psychopathology-positing how the impairing effects of acute stress on executive control can contribute to psychopathology. We link to research on biological, emotional, and cognitive processes, all of which can be impacted by executive control, to propose a framework for how poorer executive control under conditions of acute stress can contribute to psychopathology. This integrated model is intended to further our understanding of who is more susceptible to the negative consequences of stress.
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16
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Liu N, Heng CN, Cui Y, Li L, Guo YX, Liu Q, Cao BH, Wu D, Zhang YL. The Relationship between Trait Impulsivity and Everyday Executive Functions among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Mediating Effect of Negative Emotions. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:5224654. [PMID: 37650108 PMCID: PMC10465255 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5224654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has dramatically increased, imposing a heavy financial burden on society and individuals. The most cost-effective way to control diabetes is diabetes self-management, which depends on patients' executive functions (EFs). However, the level of EFs among patients with T2DM varies greatly. In addition to diabetes-related factors contributing to a decline in EFs, trait impulsivity as a relatively stable personality trait may explicate individual differences in EFs. The objective of this study was to verify the mediating effect of negative emotions on the relationship between trait impulsivity and EFs among patients with T2DM in China. Methods A total of 305 patients with T2DM were enrolled consecutively from the endocrinology departments of three tertiary hospitals in China using convenience sampling. The participants completed the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-Brief (BIS-Brief), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales with 21 items (DASS-21), and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult (BRIEF-A) version. A structural equation modeling was used to verify the mediating effect of negative emotions on the relationship between trait impulsivity and EFs. Results A total of 32.46% of the participants experienced at least one aspect of daily EF decline. The mediating effect of trait impulsivity on the Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) of EFs through negative emotions was significant, accounting for 29.57% of the total effect. The mediating effect of trait impulsivity on the Metacognitive Index (MI) of EFs through negative emotions was significant, accounting for 31.67% of the total effect. Conclusions Trait impulsivity can positively predict EF decline, which can be alleviated by improving the negative emotions of patients with T2DM. Future research exploring interventions to improve the EFs of patients with T2DM should therefore consider their trait impulsivity and negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Ni Heng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Xue Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bao-Hua Cao
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yin-Ling Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Martínez-Díaz IC, Carrasco Páez L. Little but Intense: Using a HIIT-Based Strategy to Improve Mood and Cognitive Functioning in College Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1880. [PMID: 37444715 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Looking for useful and motivational strategies for promoting healthy habits and improving cognitive functioning in young populations, the aim of the present study was to determine if a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise could stimulate mood and working memory in college students. A total of 25 male subjects (mean ± SD, age: 21.7 ± 2.1 years; height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m; weight: 72.6 ± 8.4 kg; body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.4 kg/m2; VO2peak: 47.1 ± 9.3 mL/kg/min) participated voluntarily in this study. Participants underwent a high-intensity interval exercise consisting of 10 × 1 min of cycling at VO2peak power output. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire and Digit Span Test (DST) were administered at three assessment time points: (a) pre-intervention assessment, (b) post-intervention assessment, and (c) 30 min post-intervention. The mood states decreased significantly after exercise; however, a significant increase in mood was found after 30 min of recovery. A significant post-exercise increase in DST performance was observed; moreover, DST scores obtained 30 min after exercise remained higher than those assessed pre-exercise. In conclusion, a single bout of HIIT induces acute positive changes in mood states in male college students and seems to be a powerful stimulus for cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Carrasco Páez
- BIOFANEX Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, E-41013 Seville, Spain
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18
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Kim JH, Kim HK, Lee SW, Son YD, Kim JH. The Relationship between Character Traits and In Vivo Cerebral Serotonin Transporter Availability in Healthy Subjects: A High-Resolution PET Study with C-11 DASB. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050759. [PMID: 37242542 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the potential roles of serotonergic activity in human character traits (i.e., self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence), we investigated the relationship between these character traits and serotonin transporter (5-HTT) in healthy subjects. Twenty-four participants underwent High-Resolution Research Tomograph-positron emission tomography scans with [11C]DASB. To quantify 5-HTT availability, binding potential (BPND) of [11C]DASB was obtained using the simplified reference tissue model. The Temperament and Character Inventory was used to assess subjects' levels of three character traits. There were no significant correlations between the three character traits. Self-directedness was significantly positively correlated with [11C]DASB BPND in the left hippocampus, left middle occipital gyrus, bilateral superior parietal gyrus, left inferior parietal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). Cooperativeness was significantly negatively correlated with [11C]DASB BPND in the median raphe nucleus. Self-transcendence was significantly negatively correlated with [11C]DASB BPND in the right MTG and right ITG. Our results show significant correlations between the three character traits and 5-HTT availability in specific brain regions. In particular, self-directedness was significantly positively correlated with 5-HTT availability, suggesting that a goal-oriented, self-confident, and resourceful character may be related to higher serotonergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Keun Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wha Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Don Son
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of IT Convergence, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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19
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Ge J, Liu Y, Cao W, Zhou S. The relationship between anxiety and depression with smartphone addiction among college students: The mediating effect of executive dysfunction. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1033304. [PMID: 36710811 PMCID: PMC9874858 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1033304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Smartphone addiction symptom is increasing globally. Many studies have found that negative emotion is associated with smartphone addiction, but few explore the mediating effect of executive dysfunction. In a large-scale, cross-sectional survey, 421 Chinese college students completed measures on anxiety, depression, smartphone addiction, and executive dysfunction. We surveyed the prevalence of depression, impaired executive function, and smartphone addiction. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the questionnaire structure, and the mediation models were used to examine the relationship between anxiety, depression, impaired executive function, and smartphone addiction. The main finding indicated that anxiety, depression, and executive dysfunction were positively and significantly associated with smartphone addiction. Executive dysfunction plays a mediation role between anxiety and depression with smartphone addiction. Specifically, executive dysfunction completely mediates the pathway of anxiety and smartphone addiction and partly mediates the path of depression and smartphone addiction. Depression directly predicted smartphone addiction positively but anxiety did not. The sample consisted of Chinese college students, which limits generalizability and self-reported lack of objectivity. The result suggests that we should pay more attention to the mediating role of executive dysfunction between negative emotion and smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaMin Ge
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Ya Liu ✉
| | - Wenjing Cao
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuyin Zhou
- School of Educational Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China,Key Laboratory of Applied Psychology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Zhang M, Siegle GJ. Linking Affective and Hearing Sciences-Affective Audiology. Trends Hear 2023; 27:23312165231208377. [PMID: 37904515 PMCID: PMC10619363 DOI: 10.1177/23312165231208377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of health-related sciences, including audiology, have increasingly recognized the importance of affective phenomena. However, in audiology, affective phenomena are mostly studied as a consequence of hearing status. This review first addresses anatomical and functional bidirectional connections between auditory and affective systems that support a reciprocal affect-hearing relationship. We then postulate, by focusing on four practical examples (hearing public campaigns, hearing intervention uptake, thorough hearing evaluation, and tinnitus), that some important challenges in audiology are likely affect-related and that potential solutions could be developed by inspiration from affective science advances. We continue by introducing useful resources from affective science that could help audiology professionals learn about the wide range of affective constructs and integrate them into hearing research and clinical practice in structured and applicable ways. Six important considerations for good quality affective audiology research are summarized. We conclude that it is worthwhile and feasible to explore the explanatory power of emotions, feelings, motivations, attitudes, moods, and other affective processes in depth when trying to understand and predict how people with hearing difficulties perceive, react, and adapt to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Greg J. Siegle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Behrendt P, Camps J, Klumb PL. I can(not) control myself: The role of self‐transcendence values and situational strength in explaining depleted managers' interpersonal
injustice. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philine Behrendt
- Department of Psychology, Occupational Health Psychology University de Fribourg Freiburg Germany
| | - Jeroen Camps
- Applied Psychology, Thomas More Antwerpen Belgium
- Work and Organisation Studies KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Petra L. Klumb
- Department of Psychology, Occupational Health Psychology University de Fribourg Freiburg Germany
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22
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Yilmaz ES, Ozpolat A, Destek MA. Do Twitter sentiments really effective on energy stocks? Evidence from the intercompany dependency. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:78757-78767. [PMID: 35701695 PMCID: PMC9197096 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to examine the effects of social media activities on stock prices of the energy sector. In this respect, the sample covers the monthly period from 2015m6 to 2020m5 has been observed. Energy stocks as S&P 500 index (SP), stock market volatility index (VIX), trade-weighted USD index (USD), and Brent oil prices (OIL) have been used as independent variables. Accordingly, three different models have been created to analyze the link between returns, volatility and trading volume and Twitter sentiments by using Augmented Mean Group. As a result, we found that Twitter sentiment values have no significant impact on the returns and volatility of the companies. Tweets, on the other hand, appear to have a favorable impact on company trading volume values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Sitki Yilmaz
- Department of Accounting and Tax Applications, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Asli Ozpolat
- Department of Management and Organization, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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23
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Dourron HM, Strauss C, Hendricks PS. Self-Entropic Broadening Theory: Toward a New Understanding of Self and Behavior Change Informed by Psychedelics and Psychosis. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:982-1027. [DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Skirrow C, Meszaros M, Meepegama U, Lenain R, Papp KV, Weston J, Fristed E. Validation of a Remote and Fully Automated Story Recall Task to Assess for Early Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: Longitudinal Case-Control Observational Study. JMIR Aging 2022; 5:e37090. [PMID: 36178715 PMCID: PMC9568813 DOI: 10.2196/37090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Story recall is a simple and sensitive cognitive test that is commonly used to measure changes in episodic memory function in early Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent advances in digital technology and natural language processing methods make this test a candidate for automated administration and scoring. Multiple parallel test stimuli are required for higher-frequency disease monitoring. Objective This study aims to develop and validate a remote and fully automated story recall task, suitable for longitudinal assessment, in a population of older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or mild AD. Methods The “Amyloid Prediction in Early Stage Alzheimer’s disease” (AMYPRED) studies recruited participants in the United Kingdom (AMYPRED-UK: NCT04828122) and the United States (AMYPRED-US: NCT04928976). Participants were asked to complete optional daily self-administered assessments remotely on their smart devices over 7 to 8 days. Assessments included immediate and delayed recall of 3 stories from the Automatic Story Recall Task (ASRT), a test with multiple parallel stimuli (18 short stories and 18 long stories) balanced for key linguistic and discourse metrics. Verbal responses were recorded and securely transferred from participants’ personal devices and automatically transcribed and scored using text similarity metrics between the source text and retelling to derive a generalized match score. Group differences in adherence and task performance were examined using logistic and linear mixed models, respectively. Correlational analysis examined parallel-forms reliability of ASRTs and convergent validity with cognitive tests (Logical Memory Test and Preclinical Alzheimer’s Cognitive Composite with semantic processing). Acceptability and usability data were obtained using a remotely administered questionnaire. Results Of the 200 participants recruited in the AMYPRED studies, 151 (75.5%)—78 cognitively unimpaired (CU) and 73 MCI or mild AD—engaged in optional remote assessments. Adherence to daily assessment was moderate and did not decline over time but was higher in CU participants (ASRTs were completed each day by 73/106, 68.9% participants with MCI or mild AD and 78/94, 83% CU participants). Participants reported favorable task usability: infrequent technical problems, easy use of the app, and a broad interest in the tasks. Task performance improved modestly across the week and was better for immediate recall. The generalized match scores were lower in participants with MCI or mild AD (Cohen d=1.54). Parallel-forms reliability of ASRT stories was moderate to strong for immediate recall (mean rho 0.73, range 0.56-0.88) and delayed recall (mean rho=0.73, range=0.54-0.86). The ASRTs showed moderate convergent validity with established cognitive tests. Conclusions The unsupervised, self-administered ASRT task is sensitive to cognitive impairments in MCI and mild AD. The task showed good usability, high parallel-forms reliability, and high convergent validity with established cognitive tests. Remote, low-cost, low-burden, and automatically scored speech assessments could support diagnostic screening, health care, and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kathryn V Papp
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Chen H, Ma J, Guan J, Yin L, Shi Z, Zhang Y. The impact of psychological distress on problematic smartphone use among college students: The mediating role of metacognitions about smartphone use. Front Psychol 2022; 13:932838. [PMID: 36204746 PMCID: PMC9530889 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.932838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A mediation model was constructed to clarify the relationship and mechanisms linking psychological distress to problematic smartphone use (PSU), focusing on the mediating role of metacognitions about smartphone use. A questionnaire method was used to investigate psychological distress, metacognitions about smartphone use, and problematic smartphone use among 664 college students. The results showed that (1) psychological distress had a significant positive predictive effect on problematic smartphone use, and (2) there were differences in the underlying mechanisms linking different types of psychological distress to problematic smartphone use. Specifically, negative metacognition about smartphone use partially mediated the relationship between depression and problematic smartphone use, whereas anxiety could act on problematic smartphone use through the parallel mediation of positive metacognition about smartphone use and negative metacognition about smartphone use, with the latter having a greater positive mediating effect than the former. These findings reveal the mechanism of action linking different types of psychological distress to problematic smartphone use from the perspective of the cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use, which has implications for the prevention and intervention of problematic smartphone use among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huohong Chen
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jinliang Guan
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Yin
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zifu Shi
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Intelligence Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zifu Shi,
| | - Yihan Zhang
- School of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Intelligence Research, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Yihan Zhang,
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Krittanawong C, Maitra NS, Hassan Virk HU, Fogg S, Wang Z, Kaplin S, Gritsch D, Storch EA, Tobler PN, Charney DS, Levine GN. Association of Optimism with Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Am J Med 2022; 135:856-863.e2. [PMID: 35123934 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of psychological health on cardiovascular disease is an underappreciated yet important area of study. Understanding the relationship between these two entities may allow for more comprehensive care of those with cardiovascular disease. The primary objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the relationship between optimism and risk of developing adverse events such as all-cause mortality or fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease in community-based populations. METHOD A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted from inception through November 2021 for prospective studies evaluating optimism and adverse outcomes. Two reviewers independently selected prospective cohort studies that evaluated optimism and either all-cause mortality or cardiovascular disease and reported hazard ratios of these outcomes between optimistic and non-optimistic groups. Studies that reported odds ratio or other risk assessments were excluded. Pooled hazard ratios were calculated in random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS Pooled analysis of six studies (n = 181,709) showed a pooled hazard ratio of 0.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.92) for all-cause mortality among those with more optimistic mindset. Analysis of seven studies (n = 201,210) showed a pooled hazard ratio of 0.59 (95% CI, 0.37-0.93) for cardiovascular disease and pooled hazard ratio of 0.57 (95% CI, 0.07-4.56) for stroke. CONCLUSIONS In this pooled meta-analysis, optimism was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality and of cardiovascular disease. These results suggest an important relationship between psychological health and cardiovascular disease that may serve as an area for intervention by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hafeez Ul Hassan Virk
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Ohio
| | - Sonya Fogg
- Library and Learning Resource Center, Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Zhen Wang
- Mayo Clinic Evidence-based Practice Center, Rochester, Minn; Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery; Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Scott Kaplin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Eric A Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- Laboratory for Social and Neural Systems Research, Department of Economics, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Glenn N Levine
- Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Chen J, Huang X, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu S, Ma J, Huang Y, Tang A, Wu W. Visually Perceived Negative Emotion Enhances Mismatch Negativity but Fails to Compensate for Age-Related Impairments. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:903797. [PMID: 35832873 PMCID: PMC9271563 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.903797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Automatic detection of auditory stimuli, represented by the mismatch negativity (MMN), facilitates rapid processing of salient stimuli in the environment. The amplitude of MMN declines with ageing. However, whether automatic detection of auditory stimuli is affected by visually perceived negative emotions with normal ageing remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate how fearful facial expressions affect the MMN amplitude under ageing.Methods: We used a modified oddball paradigm to analyze the amplitude of N100 (N1) and MMN in 22 young adults and 21 middle-aged adults.Results: We found that the amplitude of N1 elicited by standard tones was smaller under fearful facial expressions than neutral facial expressions and was more negative for young adults than middle-aged adults. The MMN amplitude under fearful facial expressions was greater than neutral facial expressions, but the amplitude in middle-aged adults was smaller than in young adults.Conclusion: Visually perceived negative emotion promotes the extraction of auditory features. Additionally, it enhances the effect of auditory change detection in middle-aged adults but fails to compensate for this decline with normal ageing.Significance: The study may help to understand how visually perceived emotion affects the early stage of auditory information processing from an event process perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sishi Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqin Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanqiu Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anli Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wen Wu
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Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Red and White Wines Produced from Autochthonous Croatian Varieties: Effect of Moderate Consumption on Human Health. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121804. [PMID: 35742003 PMCID: PMC9222986 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Moderate wine consumption is often associated with healthy lifestyle habits. The role of wine as a healthy drink is mainly due to its bioactive compounds, which differ according to various viticultural and enological factors. The aim of the present study was to observe the differences in bioactive compounds of white and red autochthonous Croatian wines, differing in terms of the grape variety and production technology. Our further aim was to explore the effect of their moderate consumption (200 mL per day) over the course of six weeks on some aspects of health in sixty-six healthy individuals. Participants were divided into eight groups depending on the wines consumed, while one group formed a non-consuming control group. Medical examination and laboratory tests were performed before the start and at the end of the consumption period. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL concentrations decreased. Additionally, an increase in HDL concentrations, and serotonin and dopamine levels, was observed. ALT, ALP, and GGT levels did not significantly increase in consumer groups, although alcohol concentration was relatively high in all the wines. Such results support the beneficial effects of wine-derived bioactive compounds on some health aspects resulting from moderate white and red wine consumption.
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The impact of interpersonal alienation on excessive Internet fiction reading: Analysis of parasocial relationship as a mediator and relational-interdependent self-construal as a moderator. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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刘 杰, 郭 超. [A prospective cohort study of the influence of positive/negative effectivity on the mortality risk of the Chinese elderly]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54:255-260. [PMID: 35435188 PMCID: PMC9069032 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the influence of positive/negative effectivity on the mortality risk of the Chinese elderly. METHODS Using the latest four surveys data of Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey in 2008, 2012, and 2014, as well as 2018 and selecting 10 993 elderly people who were aged 65 and above as research objects, this paper compared the positive/negative effectivity status and differences of the elderly in different gender and age groups. And then this paper analyzed the effect of positive/negative effectivity on elderly people' s mortality risk by constructing Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS Compared with the female elderly, the male elderly had lower negative effectivity and higher positive effectivity. With the increase of age, the negative effectivity of the elderly increased, while the positive effectivity decreased. The results showed that after adjusting for the basic demographic characteristics, health status and living habits of the respondents in the baseline survey, in the positive effectivity dimension, "clean preference" (HR=0.922, 95%CI: 0.889-0.956), "autonomy" (HR=0.933, 95%CI: 0.914-0.952) and "sense of youth" (HR=0.948, 95%CI: 0.927-0.969), had a protective effect on the mortality risk of the elderly, while in the dimension of "open-minded view", there was no significant difference in the mortality risk of the elderly with different answers. In the negative effecti-vity dimension, "tension and fear" (HR=1.039, 95%CI: 1.014-1.065), "loneliness" (HR=1.053, 95%CI: 1.029-1.079) and "uselessness" had a harmful effect on the mortality risk of the elderly. The more positive effectivity, the lower the mortality risk of the elderly (HR=0.967, 95%CI: 0.956-0.978), while the more negative effectivity, the higher the mortality risk of the elderly (HR=1.024, 95%CI: 1.013-1.035). CONCLUSION The negative effectivity of the elderly in all dimensions may increase the mortality risk of elderly people. We ought to dredge the negative emotions of the elderly in time. In the health promotion of the elderly, we should also pay attention to the encouragement of positive effectivity in all dimensions, which requires the joint efforts of families, communities and governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- 杰 刘
- />北京大学人口研究所,北京 100871Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - 超 郭
- />北京大学人口研究所,北京 100871Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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31
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Peterson EC, Snyder HR, Neilson C, Rosenberg BM, Hough CM, Sandman CF, Ohanian L, Garcia S, Kotz J, Finegan J, Ryan CA, Gyimah A, Sileo S, Miklowitz DJ, Friedman NP, Kaiser RH. General and Specific Dimensions of Mood Symptoms Are Associated With Impairments in Common Executive Function in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:838645. [PMID: 35496074 PMCID: PMC9048678 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.838645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both unipolar and bipolar depression have been linked with impairments in executive functioning (EF). In particular, mood symptom severity is associated with differences in common EF, a latent measure of general EF abilities. The relationship between mood disorders and EF is particularly salient in adolescence and young adulthood when the ongoing development of EF intersects with a higher risk of mood disorder onset. However, it remains unclear if common EF impairments have associations with specific symptom dimensions of mood pathology such as blunted positive affect, mood instability, or physiological arousal, or if differences in common EF more broadly relate to what is shared across various symptom domains, such as general negative affect or distress. To address this question, bifactor models can be applied to simultaneously examine the shared and unique contributions of particular mood symptom dimensions. However, no studies to our knowledge have examined bifactor models of mood symptoms in relation to measures of common EF. This study examined associations between common EF and general vs. specific symptom dimensions (anhedonia, physiological arousal, and mania) using structural equation modeling in adolescents and young adults with varying severity of mood symptoms (n = 495, ages = 13-25 years, 68.69% female). A General Depression factor capturing shared variance across symptoms statistically predicted lower Common EF. Additionally, a factor specific to physiological arousal was associated with lower Common EF. Anhedonia-specific and Mania-specific factors were not significantly related to Common EF. Altogether, these results indicate that deficits in common EF are driven by, or reflect, general features of mood pathology that are shared across symptom dimensions but are also specifically associated with physiological arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena C. Peterson
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Hannah R. Snyder
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Chiara Neilson
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Rosenberg
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christina M. Hough
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christina F. Sandman
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Leoneh Ohanian
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samantha Garcia
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Juliana Kotz
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jamie Finegan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Caitlin A. Ryan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Abena Gyimah
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Sophia Sileo
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - David J. Miklowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Naomi P. Friedman
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Roselinde H. Kaiser
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States,*Correspondence: Roselinde H. Kaiser
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Pupillo F, Powell D, Phillips LH, Schnitzspahn K. Remember to stay positive: Affect and prospective memory in everyday life. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pupillo
- School of Psychology University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
- Institute of Psychology Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany
| | - Daniel Powell
- Health Psychology, Institute of Applied Health Science, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
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Jekauc D, Fritsch J, Latinjak AT. Toward a Theory of Emotions in Competitive Sports. Front Psychol 2021; 12:790423. [PMID: 34975686 PMCID: PMC8716387 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.790423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we introduce a theory on the dynamic development of affective processes, affect regulation, and the relationship between emotions and sport performance. The theory focusses on how affective processes emerge and develop during competitive sport involvement. Based on Scherer's component process model, we postulate six components of emotion that interact with each other in a circular fashion: (I) triggering processes, (II) physiological reactions, (III) action tendencies, (IV) expressive behaviors, (V) subjective experience, and (VI) higher cognitive processes. The theory stresses the dynamics of affective processes and describes the consequences for performance in competitive sports. It assumes that the peculiarities of different sports must be taken into account in order to understand the affective processes, and offers starting points on which strategies can be used to effectively regulate affective states. Consequences for research and practice are derived and discussed. To study the development of affective processes, future research should test the assumptions in ecologically valid contexts, such as real competitions or competition-like situations, using multi-component measures of emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Jekauc
- Department for Health Education and Sport Psychology, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julian Fritsch
- Department for Health Education and Sport Psychology, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander T. Latinjak
- Department for Psychology and Education, School of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Suffolk, Ipswich, United Kingdom
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Cognitive and affective processes of prosociality. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 44:309-314. [PMID: 34864587 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One piece of the puzzle to prosocial behavior is understanding its underlying cognitive and affective processes. We discuss how modeling behavior in social dilemmas can be expanded by integrating cognitive theories and attention-based models of decision processes, and models of affective influences on prosocial decision-making. We review theories speaking to the interconnections of cognition and affect, identifying the need for further theory development regarding modeling moment-by-moment decision-making processes. We discuss how these theoretical perspectives are mirrored in empirical evidence, drawn from classical outcome-oriented as well as contemporary process-tracing research. Finally, we develop perspectives for future research trajectories aiming to further elucidate the processes by which prosocial decisions are formed, by linking process measures to usually unobservable cognitive and affective reactions.
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Abstract
This paper sets the stage for research on sustainable investment (SI) related to psychological well-being (PWB). It recognizes the threat of current global consumption levels to exceed the planetary boundaries and asks what roles financial markets may play in reducing these threats without compromising PWB. SI integrates environmental (E), social (S), and governance (G) factors alongside financial factors in investments in company shares and bonds as well as through active engagement in companies. Barriers to ESG integration include lower short-term financial performance, higher financial risks, and insufficient ESG screening by investors. A brief review of PWB shows that reliable and valid measurement methods have been developed, that the resulting measures complement economic and social national welfare indicators, and that health, sufficient material welfare, income equality, and non-material consumption are important determinants of PWB. The challenge is to globally reduce private material consumption levels in affluent countries. It is suggested that one role SI may play is in investing or actively engaging in companies that efficiently meet an increasing consumer demand of non-material consumption. Future research should address this role of SI.
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Kvarta MD, Chiappelli J, West J, Goldwaser EL, Bruce HA, Ma Y, Kochunov P, Hatch K, Gao S, Jones A, O'Neill H, Du X, Hong LE. Aberrant anterior cingulate processing of anticipated threat as a mechanism for psychosis. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 313:111300. [PMID: 34010783 PMCID: PMC8206034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Stress and abnormal stress response are associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), but the brain mechanisms linking stress to symptomatology remain unclear. In this study, we used a stress-based functional neuroimaging task, reverse-translated from preclinical studies, to test the hypothesis that abnormal corticolimbic processing of stressful threat anticipation is associated with psychosis and affective symptoms in SSD. Participants underwent an MRI-compatible ankle-shock task (AST) in which the threat of mild electrical shock was anticipated. We compared functional brain activations during anticipatory threat periods from N = 18 participants with SSD (10 M/8F) to those from N = 12 community controls (9 M/3F). After family-wise error correction, only one region, the ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), showed significantly reduced activation compared with controls. vACC activation significantly correlated with clinical symptoms measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale total score (r = 0.54) and the psychosis subscale (r = 0.71), and inversely correlated with trait depression measured by the Maryland Trait and State Depression scale (r=-0.48). Deficient activation in vACC under stress of anticipated threat may lead to aberrant interpretation of such threat, contributing to psychosis and mood symptoms in SSD. This experimental paradigm has translational potential and may identify circuitry-level mechanisms of stress-related mental illness, leading to more targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Kvarta
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States.
| | - Joshua Chiappelli
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
| | - Jeffrey West
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
| | - Eric L Goldwaser
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
| | - Heather A Bruce
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
| | - Yizhou Ma
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
| | - Kathryn Hatch
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
| | - Si Gao
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
| | - Aaron Jones
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
| | - Hugh O'Neill
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21228 , United States
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Sung Y, Choi E. The Reciprocal Longitudinal Relationship between Executive Dysfunction and Happiness in Korean Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157764. [PMID: 34360057 PMCID: PMC8345533 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to examine the reciprocal longitudinal relationships between executive dysfunction and happiness for Korean children. We used data from the Panel Study of Korean Children (PSKC) conducted by the Korean Institute of Child Care and Education. A total of 1240 valid responses from the first to third grade in elementary school were analyzed using autoregressive crossed-lagged modeling. As a result, executive dysfunction and happiness were found to have reciprocal influences over the three time points. We also found that the cross-lagged effects of executive dysfunction and happiness were stronger than those of happiness on executive dysfunction. Clinical implications and limitations were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhee Sung
- Department of Counseling Psychology, KC University, Seoul 07661, Korea;
| | - Eunsil Choi
- Department of Family and Housing Studies, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si 38541, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Wei QQ, Hou Y, Chen Y, Ou R, Cao B, Zhang L, Yang T, Shang H. Health-related quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using EQ-5D-5L. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19:181. [PMID: 34284776 PMCID: PMC8290546 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-021-01822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to appraise the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measured by the five-level EuroQol-5 dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and to explore the associations between non-motor symptoms (mood changes, cognitive disturbances and sleep disturbances). METHODS EQ-5D-5L descriptive scores were converted into a single aggregated "health utility" score. A calibrated visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) was used for self-rating of current health status. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors associated with HRQoL. RESULTS Among the 547 enrolled ALS patients who were assessed using EQ-5D-5L, the highest frequency of reported problems was with usual activities (76.7%), followed by self-care (68.8%) and anxiety/depression (62.0%). The median health utility score was 0.78 and the median EQ-VAS score was 70. Clinical factors corresponding to differences in the EQ-5D-5L health utility score included age of onset, onset region, the ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score, and King's College stages. Patients with depression, anxiety, and poor sleep had lower health utility scores. Patients with excessive daytime sleepiness and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder had lower EQ-VAS scores. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that ALSFRS-R scores, depression, and anxiety were associated with health utility scores. After adjusting other parameters, ALSFRS-R score, stages, and depression were significantly associated with EQ-VAS scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study examined HRQoL in ALS patients using the Chinese version of the EQ-5D-5L scale across different stages of the disease. We found that HRQoL is related to disease severity and to mood disturbances. Management of non-motor symptoms may help improve HRQoL in ALS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianmi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Working Memory Performance under a Negative Affect Is More Susceptible to Higher Cognitive Workloads with Different Neural Haemodynamic Correlates. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070935. [PMID: 34356169 PMCID: PMC8308038 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of stress on task performance is complex, too much or too little stress negatively affects performance and there exists an optimal level of stress to drive optimal performance. Task difficulty and external affective factors are distinct stressors that impact cognitive performance. Neuroimaging studies showed that mood affects working memory performance and the correlates are changes in haemodynamic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We investigate the interactive effects of affective states and working memory load (WML) on working memory task performance and haemodynamic activity using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging on the PFC of healthy participants. We seek to understand if haemodynamic responses could tell apart workload-related stress from situational stress arising from external affective distraction. We found that the haemodynamic changes towards affective stressor- and workload-related stress were more dominant in the medial and lateral PFC, respectively. Our study reveals distinct affective state-dependent modulations of haemodynamic activity with increasing WML in n-back tasks, which correlate with decreasing performance. The influence of a negative effect on performance is greater at higher WML, and haemodynamic activity showed evident changes in temporal, and both spatial and strength of activation differently with WML.
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Awad S, Debatin T, Ziegler A. Embodiment: I sat, I felt, I performed - Posture effects on mood and cognitive performance. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2021; 218:103353. [PMID: 34146977 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2021.103353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous embodiment findings indicate a relationship between physical posture and mood states, suggesting upright postures induce positive mood states. Findings also showed a relationship between moods and cognitive performance. While positive mood states were found to be related to increased processing speed, negative mood states were associated with higher processing accuracy in cognitive task performance. This implies that posture may affect the aforementioned sub-aspects of cognitive performance via mood states. Additionally, most studies on posture effects rely on explicit posture manipulation. With that in mind, our research explores the effects of implicitly manipulated postures on processing speed and accuracy and whether these effects are mediated by general mood. The results revealed that subjects in our sample (N = 82, M = 23.09years) who adopted an upright posture showed a more positive general mood (d = 0.50) and higher processing speed (d = 0.42) compared to those in stooped postures. Surprisingly, no differences in processing accuracy were found. There was no evidence of the proposed mediation in our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Awad
- Department of Educational Psychology and Research on Excellence, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Debatin
- Department of Educational Sciences, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Albert Ziegler
- Department of Educational Psychology and Research on Excellence, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Nuremberg, Germany
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Meier IB, Buegler M, Harms R, Seixas A, Çöltekin A, Tarnanas I. Using a Digital Neuro Signature to measure longitudinal individual-level change in Alzheimer's disease: the Altoida large cohort study. NPJ Digit Med 2021; 4:101. [PMID: 34168269 PMCID: PMC8225898 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-021-00470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional neuropsychological assessments for Alzheimer's disease are burdensome and inaccurate at detecting mild cognitive impairment and predicting Alzheimer's disease risk. Altoida's Digital Neuro Signature (DNS), a longitudinal cognitive test consisting of two active digital biomarker metrics, alleviates these limitations. By comparison to conventional neuropsychological assessments, DNS results in faster evaluations (10 min vs 45-120 min), and generates higher test-retest in intraindividual assessment, as well as higher accuracy at detecting abnormal cognition. This study comparatively evaluates the performance of Altoida's DNS and conventional neuropsychological assessments in intraindividual assessments of cognition and function by means of two semi-naturalistic observational experiments with 525 participants in laboratory and clinical settings. The results show that DNS is consistently more sensitive than conventional neuropsychological assessments at capturing longitudinal individual-level change, both with respect to intraindividual variability and dispersion (intraindividual variability across multiple tests), across three participant groups: healthy controls, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease. Dispersion differences between DNS and conventional neuropsychological assessments were more pronounced with more advanced disease stages, and DNS-intraindividual variability was able to predict conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease. These findings are instrumental for patient monitoring and management, remote clinical trial assessment, and timely interventions, and will hopefully contribute to a better understanding of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Azizi Seixas
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arzu Çöltekin
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis Tarnanas
- Altoida Inc., Houston, TX, USA.
- Global Brain Health Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland.
- Hellenic Initiative Against Alzheimer's Disease, BiHeLab Ionian University, Kerkira, Greece.
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42
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Jiménez-Ortega L, Badaya E, Casado P, Fondevila S, Hernández-Gutiérrez D, Muñoz F, Sánchez-García J, Martín-Loeches M. The Automatic but Flexible and Content-Dependent Nature of Syntax. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:651158. [PMID: 34177488 PMCID: PMC8226263 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.651158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Syntactic processing has often been considered an utmost example of unconscious automatic processing. In this line, it has been demonstrated that masked words containing syntactic anomalies are processed by our brain triggering event related potential (ERP) components similar to the ones triggered by conscious syntactic anomalies, thus supporting the automatic nature of the syntactic processing. Conversely, recent evidence also points out that regardless of the level of awareness, emotional information and other relevant extralinguistic information modulate conscious syntactic processing too. These results are also in line with suggestions that, under certain circumstances, syntactic processing could also be flexible and context-dependent. However, the study of the concomitant automatic but flexible conception of syntactic parsing is very scarce. Hence, to this aim, we examined whether and how masked emotional words (positive, negative, and neutral masked adjectives) containing morphosyntactic anomalies (half of the cases) affect linguistic comprehension of an ongoing unmasked sentence that also can contain a number agreement anomaly between the noun and the verb. ERP components were observed to emotional information (EPN), masked anomalies (LAN and a weak P600), and unmasked ones (LAN/N400 and P600). Furthermore, interactions in the processing of conscious and unconscious morphosyntactic anomalies and between unconscious emotional information and conscious anomalies were detected. The findings support, on the one hand, the automatic nature of syntax, given that syntactic components LAN and P600 were observed to unconscious anomalies. On the other hand, the flexible, permeable, and context-dependent nature of the syntactic processing is also supported, since unconscious information modulated conscious syntactic components. This double nature of syntactic processing is in line with theories of automaticity, suggesting that even unconscious/automatic, syntactic processing is flexible, adaptable, and context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Jiménez-Ortega
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, UCM-ISCIII Center for Human Evolution and Behavior, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology & Behavioral Sciences Methods, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Badaya
- School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Casado
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, UCM-ISCIII Center for Human Evolution and Behavior, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology & Behavioral Sciences Methods, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabela Fondevila
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, UCM-ISCIII Center for Human Evolution and Behavior, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology & Behavioral Sciences Methods, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Muñoz
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, UCM-ISCIII Center for Human Evolution and Behavior, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology & Behavioral Sciences Methods, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Sánchez-García
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, UCM-ISCIII Center for Human Evolution and Behavior, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martín-Loeches
- Cognitive Neuroscience Section, UCM-ISCIII Center for Human Evolution and Behavior, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychobiology & Behavioral Sciences Methods, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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43
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Bernhardt M, Schwert C, Aschenbrenner S, Weisbrod M, Schröder A. Longitudinal Changes of Cognitive Deficits and Treatment Outcome of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Major Depression. J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:336-342. [PMID: 33555821 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The current study examined neuropsychological changes over the course of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in outpatients with major depressive disorder and the influence of cognitive deficits as predictors of clinical outcome in depression. A neuropsychological test battery was carried out on depressed outpatients (N = 54) at the beginning and at the end of CBT. Small improvements were found in divided attention, figural memory, and processing speed from pre- to posttreatment. Cognitive deficits in executive functions before treatment predicted the clinical outcome at the end of CBT. The present study reveals that attention and memory deficits are most likely to improve over the course of treatment, whereas executive functions remain stable in the long term. Depressed patients with worse executive functions at the beginning of treatment seem to benefit more from long-term CBT therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Bernhardt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau
| | - Christine Schwert
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau
| | - Steffen Aschenbrenner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, SRH Klinikum Karlsbad-Langensteinbach, Karlsbad
| | | | - Annette Schröder
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau
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44
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Guo C, Dupuis-Roy N, Jiang J, Xu M, Xiao X. The Tactile-Visual Conflict Processing and Its Modulation by Tactile-Induced Emotional States: An Event-Related Potential Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:616224. [PMID: 33935869 PMCID: PMC8079627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.616224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment used event-related potentials (ERPs) to study the tactile-visual information conflict processing in a tactile-visual pairing task and its modulation by tactile-induced emotional states. Eighteen participants were asked to indicate whether the tactile sensation on their body matched or did not match the expected tactile sensation associated with the object depicted in an image. The type of tactile-visual stimuli (matched vs. mismatched) and the valence of tactile-induced emotional states (positive vs. negative) were manipulated following a 2 × 2 factorial design. Electrophysiological analyses revealed a mismatched minus matched negative difference component between 420 and 620 ms after stimulus onset in the negative tactile-induced emotional state condition. This ND420-620 component was considered as a sign of the cross-modal conflict processing during the processing of incongruent tactile-visual information. In contrast, no significant mismatched minus matched negative difference component was found in the positive tactile-induced emotional state condition. Together, these results support the hypothesis that a positive emotional state induced by a positive tactile stimulation improves tactile-visual conflict processing abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyao Guo
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nicolas Dupuis-Roy
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Basic Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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45
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Vaughan RS, McConville C. Executive Function and Mood: The Moderating Role of Athletic Expertise. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:672-691. [PMID: 33504283 PMCID: PMC7890687 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520987364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Executive function (EF) is known to be influenced by mood, but whether this relationship holds for populations of athletes and whether athletic expertise moderates it is uncertain. Thus, in the current study, we examined relationships between positive and negative affect (i.e., mood), the lower-order cortical aspects of executive function (i.e., inhibition, shifting and updating), and athletic expertise. A sample of 256 participants (55.08% male; Mage = 20.69) completed a self-report mood measure and computerized tests of EF. Individuals with more athletic expertise reported higher positive affect and better EF scores, whereas those with less athletic expertise reported higher negative affect. Structural equation modelling indicated that positive affect was related to better inhibition, shifting, and updating performance but was not related to performance errors. Similarly, negative affect was related to better EF, except for the inhibition latency score. Athletic expertise moderated all significant associations between mood and EF and higher expertise facilitated higher EF performance. Together, athletic expertise is an important individual differences factor in understanding the influence of mood on EF performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Vaughan
- School of Education, Language, and Psychology, York St John University, York, UK
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46
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Fernandez NB, Vuilleumier P, Gosselin N, Peretz I. Influence of Background Musical Emotions on Attention in Congenital Amusia. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:566841. [PMID: 33568976 PMCID: PMC7868440 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.566841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital amusia in its most common form is a disorder characterized by a musical pitch processing deficit. Although pitch is involved in conveying emotion in music, the implications for pitch deficits on musical emotion judgements is still under debate. Relatedly, both limited and spared musical emotion recognition was reported in amusia in conditions where emotion cues were not determined by musical mode or dissonance. Additionally, assumed links between musical abilities and visuo-spatial attention processes need further investigation in congenital amusics. Hence, we here test to what extent musical emotions can influence attentional performance. Fifteen congenital amusic adults and fifteen healthy controls matched for age and education were assessed in three attentional conditions: executive control (distractor inhibition), alerting, and orienting (spatial shift) while music expressing either joy, tenderness, sadness, or tension was presented. Visual target detection was in the normal range for both accuracy and response times in the amusic relative to the control participants. Moreover, in both groups, music exposure produced facilitating effects on selective attention that appeared to be driven by the arousal dimension of musical emotional content, with faster correct target detection during joyful compared to sad music. These findings corroborate the idea that pitch processing deficits related to congenital amusia do not impede other cognitive domains, particularly visual attention. Furthermore, our study uncovers an intact influence of music and its emotional content on the attentional abilities of amusic individuals. The results highlight the domain-selectivity of the pitch disorder in congenital amusia, which largely spares the development of visual attention and affective systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia B Fernandez
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center of Affective Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Center of Affective Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Gosselin
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Peretz
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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47
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Kunchulia M, Melishvili A, Thomaschke R. How does positive mood modulate time-based event expectancy? Cogn Process 2021; 22:333-338. [PMID: 33404901 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-020-01007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated how positive mood affects the formation of time-based event expectancies. After positive or neutral mood inductions, participants performed a binary choice response task in which two target stimuli (circle and square) and two pre-target intervals (800 and 1600 ms) appeared equally often. One of the targets was paired with the short interval and the other target with the long interval in 90% of the trials. We found that participants from the positive and neutral groups showed markedly different behavioral patterns of time-based expectancy. The time-based expectancy was restricted to shorter intervals for the positive group and to longer intervals for the neutral group. We propose that positive mood increases attentional prioritization of information that is temporally closer to us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kunchulia
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, 250 David Aghmashenebeli Allay, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Ana Melishvili
- Institute of Cognitive Neurosciences, Free University of Tbilisi, 250 David Aghmashenebeli Allay, 0159, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Roland Thomaschke
- Time, Interaction, and Self-Determination Group, Cognition, Action and Sustainability Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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48
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Conley AC, Key AP, Taylor WD, Albert KM, Boyd BD, Vega JN, Newhouse PA. EEG as a Functional Marker of Nicotine Activity: Evidence From a Pilot Study of Adults With Late-Life Depression. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:721874. [PMID: 35002791 PMCID: PMC8732868 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) is a debilitating condition that is associated with poor response to antidepressant medications and deficits in cognitive performance. Nicotinic cholinergic stimulation has emerged as a potentially effective candidate to improve cognitive performance in patients with cognitive impairment. Previous studies of nicotinic stimulation in animal models and human populations with cognitive impairment led to examining potential cognitive and mood effects of nicotinic stimulation in older adults with LLD. We report results from a pilot study of transdermal nicotine in LLD testing whether nicotine treatment would enhance cognitive performance and mood. The study used electroencephalography (EEG) recordings as a tool to test for potential mechanisms underlying the effect of nicotine. Eight non-smoking participants with LLD completed EEG recordings at baseline and after 12 weeks of transdermal nicotine treatment (NCT02816138). Nicotine augmentation treatment was associated with improved performance on an auditory oddball task. Analysis of event-related oscillations showed that nicotine treatment was associated with reduced beta desynchronization at week 12 for both standard and target trials. The change in beta power on standard trials was also correlated with improvement in mood symptoms. This pilot study provides preliminary evidence for the impact of nicotine in modulating cortical activity and improving mood in depressed older adults and shows the utility of using EEG as a marker of functional engagement in nicotinic interventions in clinical geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Conley
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Alexandra P Key
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly M Albert
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Brian D Boyd
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jennifer N Vega
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Paul A Newhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
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49
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Kim Y, Park K, Kim Y, Yang W, Han D, Kim WS. The Impact of Visual Art and High Affective Arousal on Heuristic Decision-Making in Consumers. Front Psychol 2020; 11:565829. [PMID: 33324278 PMCID: PMC7725691 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In marketing, the use of visual-art-based designs on products or packaging crucially impacts consumers' decision-making when purchasing. While visual art in product packaging should be designed to induce consumer's favorable evaluations, it should not evoke excessive affective arousal, because this may lead to the depletion of consumer's cognitive resources. Thus, consumers may use heuristic decision-making and commit an inadvertent mistake while purchasing. Most existing studies on visual arts in marketing have focused on preference (i.e., affective valence) using subjective evaluations. To address this, we applied a neuroscientific measure, electroencephalogram (EEG) to increase experimental validity. Two successive tasks were designed to examine the effects of affective arousal and affective valence, evoked by visual artwork, on the consecutive cognitive decision-making. In task 1, to evaluate the effect of visual art, EEG of two independent groups of people was measured when they viewed abstract artwork. The abstract art of neoplasticism (AbNP) group (n = 20) was showing Mondrian's artwork, while the abstract art of expressionism (AbEX) group (n = 18) viewed Kandinsky's artwork. The neoplasticism movement strove to eliminate emotion in art and expressionism to express the feelings of the artist. Building on Gallese's embodied simulation theory, AbNP and AbEX artworks were expected to induce lower and higher affect, respectively. In task 2, we investigated how the induced affect differentially influenced a succeeding cognitive Stroop task. We anticipated that the AbEX group would deplete more cognitive resources than AbNP group, based on capacity limitation theory. Significantly stronger affect was induced in the AbEX group in task 1 than in the AbNP group, especially in affective arousal. In task 2, the AbEX group showed a faster reaction time and higher error rate in the Stroop task. According to our hypotheses, the higher affective arousal state of the AbEX group might deplete more cognitive resources during task 1 and result in poorer performance in task 2 because affect impacted their cognitive resources. This is the first study using neuroscientific measures to prove that high affective arousal induced by visual arts on packaging may induce heuristic decision-making in consumers, thereby advancing our understanding of neuromarketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaeri Kim
- Department of Digital Marketing, School of Management, Sejong Cyber University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Marketing, Business School, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiwan Park
- Department of Marketing, Business School, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yaeeun Kim
- Department of Marketing, Orfalea College of Business, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, United States
| | - Wooyun Yang
- Department of Marketing, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Donguk Han
- Center for Medical Convergence Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wuon-Shik Kim
- Center for Medical Convergence Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea.,Future Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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50
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Prell T, Witte OW, Gunkel A, Grosskreutz J. Cognitive deficits have only limited influence on health-related quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1963-1967. [PMID: 31317778 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1642296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between cognitive deficits and health-related quality of life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS The revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R for physical impairment), the ALS Assessment Questionnaire (ALSAQ-40 for health-related quality of life) and the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS for cognition) were assessed in 125 patients with ALS. Correlations between ALSAQ-40 domains and ECAS functions were tested using Spearman correlation. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between dysphagia, depression, hopelessness, pain (all derived from corresponding items from the ALSFRS-R or ALSAQ-40), ALSFRS-R, ECAS and the ALSAQ-40. RESULTS Verbal fluency, language and executive function were disturbed in 69 (55%), 54 (43%) and 41 (33%) patients, respectively. In the ALS non-specific domains the memory and visuospatial function were impaired in 44 (35%) and 12 (10%) patients. In the non-demented group the five ECAS functions did not correlate with the ALSAQ-40 subdomains. The ALSFRS-R score, hopelessness, pain, and depression explained 65% of the ALSAQ-40 SI variance; the ECAS total score did not significantly predict ALSAQ-40 summary index. The ECAS visuospatial, executive function and fluency significantly predicted emotional well-being (adjusted R2 = 0.08). When the model was controlled for depression, hopelessness and pain none of the ECAS functions (visuospatial, executive function and fluency) were significant predictors of emotional well-being. CONCLUSION Deficits in visuospatial function, executive function and fluency constrain the ability to manage activities of daily living and this might cause decline in well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Prell
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Healthy Ageing, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Healthy Ageing, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Anne Gunkel
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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