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Ebert KD, Lee H. Individual Predictors of Language Treatment Response in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2024; 67:2708-2728. [PMID: 38991168 DOI: 10.1044/2024_jslhr-23-00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment response is the degree to which an individual benefits from a treatment. This systematic review sought to identify and synthesize research evidence regarding individual characteristics that predict language treatment response among children with developmental language disorder (DLD). METHOD To be eligible for inclusion, articles needed to report results of an oral language treatment program in a group of children aged 4-10 years with identified DLD and also include a quantitative analysis of the relation between one or more pretreatment child characteristics and the outcome of language treatment. Seven databases (Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Dissertations and Theses Global, Education Resources Information Center, Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts, PsycINFO, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched for articles in June and July 2021, with search updates conducted in May 2023. Studies were categorized by the type of treatment provided, and results were synthesized qualitatively. RESULTS The review included 31 studies, 1,551 participants with DLD, and over 300 statistical tests of a predictor's effect on language treatment response. Most studies (n = 21) included only monolingual speakers of English, with five studies including bilinguals and five including monolingual speakers of non-English languages. Language treatments targeted word learning in controlled or clinical conditions, grammatical learning in controlled or clinical conditions, or multiple language targets in clinical conditions. Predictors of treatment response are summarized across four categories: cognitive, demographic, pretreatment language levels, and other. CONCLUSIONS There were relatively few significant tests of the predictors of language treatment response. A central limitation of the evidence is that most included studies were designed to consider language treatment efficacy, not predictors of treatment response. Increasing research attention to the question of predictors of language treatment response in children with DLD is needed to enhance treatment and optimize outcomes for individual children. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26170006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Danahy Ebert
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
| | - HaeJi Lee
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
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Ibbotson P, Browne WJ. The effects of family, culture and sex on linguistic development across 20 languages. Dev Sci 2024:e13547. [PMID: 38993142 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Languages vary in their complexity; caregivers vary in the way they structure their communicative interactions with children; and boys and girls can differ in their language skills. Using a multilevel modelling approach, we explored how these factors influence the path of language acquisition for young children growing up around the world (mean age 2-years 9-months; 56 girls). Across 43 different sites, we analysed 103 mother-child pairs who spoke 3,170,633 utterances, 16,209,659 morphemes, divided across 20 different languages: Afrikaans, Catalan, Cantonese, Danish, Dutch, English, Farsi, French, German, Hebrew, Icelandic, Irish, Italian, Japanese, Mandarin, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish and Turkish. Using mean length of utterance (MLU) as a measure of language complexity and developmental skill, we found that variation in children's MLU was significantly explained by (a) between-language differences; namely the rate of child MLU growth was attuned to the complexity of their mother tongue, and (b) between-mother differences; namely mothers who used higher MLUs tended to have children with higher MLUs, regardless of which language they were learning and especially in the very young (<2.5 years-old). Controlling for family and language environment, we found no evidence of MLU sex differences in child speech nor in the speech addressed to boys and girls. By modelling language as a multilevel structure with cross-cultural variation, we were able to disentangle those factors that make children's pathway to language different and those that make it alike. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The speech of 103 mother-child pairs from 20 different languages showed large variation in the path of early language development. Language, family, but not the sex of the child, accounted for a significant proportion of individual differences in child speech, especially in the very young. The rate at which children learned language was attuned to the complexity of their mother tongue, with steeper trajectories for more complex language. Results demonstrate the relative influence of culture, family, and sex in shaping the path of language acquisition for different children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ibbotson
- School of Education, Childhood, Youth and Sport, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - William J Browne
- Centre for Multilevel Modelling, School of Education, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Sánchez-Vincitore LV, Cubilla-Bonnetier D, Valdez ME, Jiménez A, Peterson P, Vargas K, Castro A. The impact of ever breastfeeding on children ages 12 to 36 months: A secondary data analysis of the standardization study of the Dominican system for evaluating early childhood development. Infant Behav Dev 2024; 75:101950. [PMID: 38636253 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2024.101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that breastfeeding offers many benefits to children, including advantages in lifelong health, physical development, cognitive function, behavior, and brain development, compared to those not breastfed. In the Dominican Republic, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among infants aged 0-6 months remains low, and the lack of a surveillance system has made it challenging to measure the impact of breastfeeding on early childhood development (ECD). This study aims to address the effect of ever breastfeeding on ECD. We conducted secondary data analysis from the Dominican System for Measuring Early Childhood Development (SIMEDID), a screening tool adapted and validated to the Dominican context that measures four areas of development: gross-motor, fine-motor, language, and socioemotional development. The data from SIMEDID can be cross-analyzed with other datasets generated by the National Institute for Early Childhood Comprehensive Care (INAIPI) that include information about breastfeeding. The children were evaluated during the standardization study of SIMEDID. To determine the breastfeeding impact, we: 1) conducted an analysis of covariance using ECD scores as dependent variables and ever breastfed as the independent variable, with age and sex as covariates (previously confirmed with an analysis of variance indicating the relevance of age and sex at birth in ECD); 2) analyzed the relative risk (RR) of developmental delay by breastfeeding status. We studied a sample of 699 Dominican children aged 12-36 months who receive services at INAIPI (the government institution responsible for administering comprehensive early childhood services). The results show that ever breastfed children had higher scores in overall ECD than those who were not; higher scores in language and fine motor development primarily drove this effect. The never breastfed group had a greater risk of developmental delay in fine motor and socioemotional development. These findings underscore the importance of promoting and supporting breastfeeding to improve child neurodevelopmental outcomes. This is particularly relevant in low-resource settings, where mothers may need additional support. Moreover, the study's results provide evidence of SIMEDID's validation, which can help inform future research and evidence-based decision-making toward optimal ECD in similar contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Elena Valdez
- Instituto Nacional de Atención Integral a la Primera Infancia (INAIPI), Dominican Republic
| | - Angie Jiménez
- Instituto Nacional de Atención Integral a la Primera Infancia (INAIPI), Dominican Republic
| | - Paulette Peterson
- Instituto Nacional de Atención Integral a la Primera Infancia (INAIPI), Dominican Republic
| | - Karina Vargas
- Instituto Nacional de Atención Integral a la Primera Infancia (INAIPI), Dominican Republic
| | - Arachu Castro
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, United States.
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Vilela J, Rasga C, Santos JX, Martiniano H, Marques AR, Oliveira G, Vicente AM. Bridging Genetic Insights with Neuroimaging in Autism Spectrum Disorder-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4938. [PMID: 38732157 PMCID: PMC11084239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an early onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and repetitive patterns of behavior. Family studies show that ASD is highly heritable, and hundreds of genes have previously been implicated in the disorder; however, the etiology is still not fully clear. Brain imaging and electroencephalography (EEG) are key techniques that study alterations in brain structure and function. Combined with genetic analysis, these techniques have the potential to help in the clarification of the neurobiological mechanisms contributing to ASD and help in defining novel therapeutic targets. To further understand what is known today regarding the impact of genetic variants in the brain alterations observed in individuals with ASD, a systematic review was carried out using Pubmed and EBSCO databases and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. This review shows that specific genetic variants and altered patterns of gene expression in individuals with ASD may have an effect on brain circuits associated with face processing and social cognition, and contribute to excitation-inhibition imbalances and to anomalies in brain volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Vilela
- Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.V.); (C.R.); (J.X.S.); (H.M.); (A.R.M.)
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Célia Rasga
- Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.V.); (C.R.); (J.X.S.); (H.M.); (A.R.M.)
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Xavier Santos
- Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.V.); (C.R.); (J.X.S.); (H.M.); (A.R.M.)
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Martiniano
- Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.V.); (C.R.); (J.X.S.); (H.M.); (A.R.M.)
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Marques
- Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.V.); (C.R.); (J.X.S.); (H.M.); (A.R.M.)
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Guiomar Oliveira
- Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo, Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Centro de Investigação e Formação Clínica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-602 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Astrid Moura Vicente
- Departamento de Promoção da Saúde e Doenças Não Transmissíveis, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (J.V.); (C.R.); (J.X.S.); (H.M.); (A.R.M.)
- BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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McFayden TC, Bruce M. Internal state language factor structure and development in toddlerhood: Insights from WordBank. JOURNAL OF CHILD LANGUAGE 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38466318 DOI: 10.1017/s0305000924000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Internal state language (ISL) research contains knowledge gaps, including dimensionality and predictors of growth, addressed here in a two-aim study. Parent-reported expressive language from N = 6,373 monolingual, English-speaking toddlers (Mage = 23.5mos, 46% male, 57% white) was collected using cross-sectional and longitudinal data in WordBank. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggested a best-fitting one-factor model of ISL. The single-factor model of ISL was then submitted to hierarchical linear modeling to evaluate predictors of ISL development. Age 2 ISL production was predicted by child sex, wherein females outperform males, and maternal education, wherein higher education contributes to higher ISL. Only maternal education emerged as a significant predictor of ISL growth. These results provide support to theory suggesting a unitary construct of ISL, as opposed to considering ISL as categorical, and further illustrate linear growth through the second postnatal year that varies as a function of child sex and maternal education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C McFayden
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Madeleine Bruce
- University of Utah, Department of Psychology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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6
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Xiong H, Liu X, Yang F, Yang T, Chen J, Chen J, Li T. Developmental Language Differences in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Possible Sex Difference. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:841-851. [PMID: 36538127 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Developmental difference is a common characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with unclear sex differences. The current study included 610 children with ASD, aged between 2 and 7 years, with completed language profiles. We used a nonparametric item response theory model called Mokken scale analysis to examine the order of acquisition of developmental language milestones in children with ASD. Our results demonstrated the developmental language differences in the expressive and receptive language dimensions in children with ASD compared with typical developmental sequences. Furthermore, The acquisition of gestures and pragmatics was more impaired in the female subgroup than in the male subgroup. The identified developmental language sequence could help provide a more comprehensive ASD developmental profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyi Xiong
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Language Disorders, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Department of Child Healthcare, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, No.136 Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Illachura VC, Montesinos-Malpartida MI, Bellido-Boza L, Puyén ZM, Blitchtein-Winicki D. Physical punishment and effective verbal communication in children aged 9-36 months, according to sex: secondary analysis of a national survey. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:134. [PMID: 38378501 PMCID: PMC10877749 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial number of children in the world are regularly subjected to physical punishment by their parents as a method of upbringing. Evidence suggests that it has negative effects on the development of brain function. However, evidence regarding its association with verbal communication is limited and heterogeneous. It is also unknown whether the effects are the same in both boys and girls; especially in the contexts of developing countries, where the highest rates of physical punishment are found. OBJECTIVE This investigation aimed at analyzing the association between physical punishment administered by both fathers and mothers and effective verbal communication among children aged 9-36 months according to sex. METHODS A secondary analytical cross-sectional study was conducted based on the 2018-2019 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey. Physical punishment, based on the mother's report of the use of hitting and/or slapping, was considered as a method to correct children by the father and/or mother. Effective verbal communication (EVC) was measured using the Battle scale which consists of age-appropriate questions included in the early childhood development module. A generalized linear model of the family and Log Poisson link option was used to identify the association between them, using the crude, general adjusted, and sex-stratified models. RESULTS Of all the children, 16.31% received physical punishment from their father and/or mother, wherein 16.65% were boys and 15.97% were girls. Moreover, 36.48% exhibited EVC, wherein 32.55% were boys and 40.50% were girls. Adjusting for socioeconomic level, witnessing violence, mother's marital status, age, occupation, education level, language, number of children, and moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms, it was found that boys who received physical punishment from their father and/or mother have a 31% lower probability of EVC (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58-0.83, p < 0.001), whereas no association was found in girls who received physical punishment from their father and/or mother and EVC (aPR 0.93, 95% CI 0.81-1.06, p = 0.278). CONCLUSIONS An association was found between physical punishment administered by father and/or mother and reduced EVC among boys, whereas no such association was found among girls. It is possible that even though a significant impact has not been observed in girls during this early stage, they may experience consequences in later stages of life, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Chire Illachura
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. Alameda San Marcos 11, Chorrillos, 15067, Lima, Perú
| | - Maria Inés Montesinos-Malpartida
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. Alameda San Marcos 11, Chorrillos, 15067, Lima, Perú
| | - Luciana Bellido-Boza
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. Alameda San Marcos 11, Chorrillos, 15067, Lima, Perú
| | - Zully M Puyén
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. Alameda San Marcos 11, Chorrillos, 15067, Lima, Perú
| | - Dora Blitchtein-Winicki
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Av. Alameda San Marcos 11, Chorrillos, 15067, Lima, Perú.
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8
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Hirata K, Ueda K, Wada K, Ikehara S, Tanigawa K, Kimura T, Ozono K, Sobue T, Iso H. Neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 3 years after moderate preterm, late preterm and early term birth: the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2024; 109:189-195. [PMID: 37709498 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-325600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between gestational age classification at birth and the risk of neurodevelopmental impairments at age 3 years. DESIGN Cohort study using the Japan Environment and Children's Study database. PATIENTS A total of 86 138 singleton children born without physical abnormalities at 32-41 weeks of gestation enrolled between January 2011 and March 2014. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Neurodevelopmental impairment, evaluated using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (third edition). METHODS Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment in moderate preterm, late preterm and early term children compared with term children after adjusting for socioeconomic and perinatal factors. RESULTS The respective adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of incidence of scores below the cut-off value (<-2.0 SD) at age 3 years for moderate preterm, late preterm and early term births, compared with full-term births, were as follows: communication, 2.40 (1.54 to 3.73), 1.43 (1.19 to 1.72) and 1.11 (1.01 to 1.21); gross motor, 2.55 (1.69 to 3.85), 1.62 (1.36 to 1.93) and 1.20 (1.10 to 1.30); fine motor, 1.93 (1.34 to 2.78), 1.55 (1.35 to 1.77) and 1.08 (1.01 to 1.15); problem solving, 1.80 (1.22 to 2.68), 1.36 (1.19 to 1.56) and 1.07 (1.00 to 1.14) and personal-social, 2.09 (1.29 to 3.40), 1.32 (1.07 to 1.63) and 1.00 (0.91 to 1.11). CONCLUSION Moderate preterm, late preterm and early term births were associated with developmental impairment at age 3 years compared with full-term births, with increasing prematurity. Careful follow-up of non-full-term children by paediatricians and other healthcare providers is necessary for early detection of neurodevelopmental impairment and implementation of available intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Hirata
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kimiko Ueda
- Osaka Maternal and Child Health Information Center, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuko Wada
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoyo Ikehara
- Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanami Tanigawa
- Osaka Maternal and Child Health Information Center, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Izumi, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Sobue
- Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Osaka Regional Center for Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Moore SE. Sex differences in growth and neurocognitive development in infancy and early childhood. Proc Nutr Soc 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38326969 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665124000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Undernutrition in early life remains a significant public health challenge affecting millions of infants and young children globally. Children who are wasted, stunted or underweight are at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Undernutrition at critical periods also impacts on aspects of neurodevelopment, with longer-term consequences to educational performance and mental health outcomes. Despite consistent evidence highlighting an increased risk of neonatal and infant mortality among boys, a common assumption held across many disciplines is that girls are more vulnerable with respect to early-life exposures. In relation to undernutrition, however, recent evidence indicates the reverse, and in contexts of food insecurity, boys are at increased risk of undernutrition in early life compared to girls, with sex-specific risks for neurodevelopmental deficits. These effects appear independent of social factors that may favour boys, such as gender disparities in infant feeding practices and health-seeking behaviours. The observed vulnerability among boys may therefore be underpinned by biological processes such as differential energy requirements during periods of rapid growth. As boys have greater needs for growth and maintenance, then, in times of nutritional hardship, these needs may not be met resulting in risk of undernutrition and subsequent health consequences. In view of this emerging evidence, a greater understanding of the mechanisms behind this vulnerability among boys is needed and policy considerations to protect boys should be considered. This review will explore sex differences in risk of undernutrition and consider these in the context of existing programmes and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E Moore
- Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, LondonSE1 7EH, UK
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10
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Arnett AB, Guiney H, Bakir-Demir T, Trudgen A, Schierding W, Reid V, O'Sullivan J, Gluckman P, Reese E, Poulton R. Resting EEG correlates of neurodevelopment in a socioeconomically and linguistically diverse sample of toddlers: Wave 1 of the Kia Tīmata Pai best start New Zealand study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 65:101336. [PMID: 38157733 PMCID: PMC10790011 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Development of communication and self-regulation skills is fundamental to psychosocial maturation in childhood. The Kia Tīmata Pai Best Start (KTP) longitudinal study aims to promote these skills through interventions delivered at early childcare centers across New Zealand. In addition to evaluating effects of the interventions on behavioral and cognitive outcomes, the study utilizes electroencephalography (EEG) to characterize cortical development in a subsample of participating children. Here, we present results of the baseline resting EEG assessment with 193 children aged 15 to 33 months. We identified EEG correlates of individual differences in demographics, communication abilities, and temperament. We obtained communication and behavior ratings from multiple informants, and we applied contemporary analytic methods to the EEG data. Periodic spectral power adjusted for aperiodic activity was most closely associated with demographic, language, and behavioral measures. As in previous studies, gamma power was positively associated with verbal language. Alpha power was positively associated with effortful control. Nonverbal and verbal language measures showed distinct associations with EEG indices, as did the three temperament domains. Our results identified a number of candidate EEG measurements for use as longitudinal markers of optimal cortical development and response to interventions in the KTP cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Arnett
- Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Hayley Guiney
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Anita Trudgen
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - William Schierding
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vincent Reid
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Peter Gluckman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Elaine Reese
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richie Poulton
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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11
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Eick SM, Ortlund K, Aguiar A, Merced-Nieves FM, Woodbury ML, Milne GL, Schantz SL. Associations between oxidative stress biomarkers during pregnancy and infant cognition at 7.5 months. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22457. [PMID: 38388194 PMCID: PMC10901445 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been identified as an important biological pathway leading to neurodevelopmental delay. However, studies assessing the effects of oxidative stress on cognitive outcomes during infancy, a critical period of neurodevelopment, are limited. Our analysis included a subset of those enrolled in the Illinois Kids Development Study (N = 144). Four oxidative stress biomarkers (8-isoprostane-PGF2α , 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-iso-PGF2α , 2,3-dinor-8-iso-PGF2α , and prostaglandin-F2α ) were measured in second and third trimesters urine and were averaged. Infant cognition was measured using a visual recognition memory task consisting of five blocks, each with one familiarization trial (two identical stimuli) and two test trials (one familiar and one novel stimulus). Outcomes measured included average run duration (a measure of information processing speed), novelty preference (a measure of recognition memory), time to reach familiarization, and shift rate (measures of attention). Linear regression was used to estimate associations between individual oxidative stress biomarkers and each outcome. Increasing 8-isoprostane-PGF2α , 2,3-dinor-8-iso-PGF2α , and prostaglandin-F2α were associated with a decrease in novelty preference (β = -0.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.03, 0.00; β = -0.02, 95% CI = -0.04, 0.00; β = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.02, 0.00, respectively), as well as a modest increase in shift rate. These findings suggest that oxidative stress may be associated with poorer recognition memory in early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Eick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kaegan Ortlund
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andréa Aguiar
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Francheska M Merced-Nieves
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Megan L Woodbury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan L Schantz
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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12
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Fenske SJ, Liu J, Chen H, Diniz MA, Stephens RL, Cornea E, Gilmore JH, Gao W. Sex differences in brain-behavior relationships in the first two years of life. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.578147. [PMID: 38352542 PMCID: PMC10862872 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Evidence for sex differences in cognition in childhood is established, but less is known about the underlying neural mechanisms for these differences. Recent findings suggest the existence of brain-behavior relationship heterogeneities during infancy; however, it remains unclear whether sex underlies these heterogeneities during this critical period when sex-related behavioral differences arise. Methods A sample of 316 infants was included with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans at neonate (3 weeks), 1, and 2 years of age. We used multiple linear regression to test interactions between sex and resting-state functional connectivity on behavioral scores of working memory, inhibitory self-control, intelligence, and anxiety collected at 4 years of age. Results We found six age-specific, intra-hemispheric connections showing significant and robust sex differences in functional connectivity-behavior relationships. All connections are either with the prefrontal cortex or the temporal pole, which has direct anatomical pathways to the prefrontal cortex. Sex differences in functional connectivity only emerge when associated with behavior, and not in functional connectivity alone. Furthermore, at neonate and 2 years of age, these age-specific connections displayed greater connectivity in males and lower connectivity in females in association with better behavioral scores. Conclusions Taken together, we critically capture robust and conserved brain mechanisms that are distinct to sex and are defined by their relationship to behavioral outcomes. Our results establish brain-behavior mechanisms as an important feature in the search for sex differences during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja J Fenske
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Janelle Liu
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Haitao Chen
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025
| | - Marcio A Diniz
- The Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Rebecca L Stephens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599
| | - Emil Cornea
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599
| | - John H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, 27599
| | - Wei Gao
- Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025
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13
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Wieczorek K, DeGroot M, Madigan S, Pador P, Ganshorn H, Graham S. Linking Language Skills and Social Competence in Children With Developmental Language Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024; 33:505-526. [PMID: 37983133 DOI: 10.1044/2023_ajslp-22-00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between language skills and social competence in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and to assess the potential moderators of these associations. METHOD The study was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies were identified according to a search strategy carried out in PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. A total of 15,069 articles were independently double screened in the title and abstract phases, with 250 articles proceeding to a full-text review. Inclusion criteria comprised (a) a sample of children with DLD between the ages of 2 and 12 years, (b) a language measure, (c) a social competence measure, and (d) an appropriate statistic. Exclusion criteria were (a) intervention studies with no baseline data, (b) language measures based on preverbal abilities, (c) samples of children with DLD and other clinical conditions, and (d) studies without useable statistics. Data were extracted from 21 studies that met the eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis. RESULTS Pooled estimates across 21 studies (Mage = 7.52 years; 64% male) and 6,830 children indicated a significant association between language skills and social competence in children with DLD (r = .18, 95% confidence interval [.12, .24], p < .001), which was small in magnitude. The effect sizes were stronger in studies that assessed overall language skills than in those that specifically measured receptive or expressive language skills. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study support a subtle and reliable relationship between language and social competence in children with DLD. The implications and limitations of this study and its future directions are also discussed. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24514564.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan DeGroot
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
| | - Paolo Pador
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heather Ganshorn
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Graham
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Canada
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14
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Papageorgiou G, Kasselimis D, Angelopoulou G, Laskaris N, Tsolakopoulos D, Velonakis G, Tountopoulou A, Vassilopoulou S, Potagas C. Investigating Aphasia Recovery: Demographic and Clinical Factors. Brain Sci 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 38275512 PMCID: PMC10813398 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-stroke language recovery remains one of the main unresolved topics in the field of aphasia. In recent years, there have been efforts to identify specific factors that could potentially lead to improved language recovery. However, the exact relationship between the recovery of particular language functions and possible predictors, such as demographic or lesion variables, is yet to be fully understood. In the present study, we attempted to investigate such relationships in 42 patients with aphasia after left hemisphere stroke, focusing on three language domains: auditory comprehension, naming and speech fluency. Structural imaging data were also obtained for the identification of the lesion sites. According to our findings, patients demonstrated an overall improvement in all three language domains, while no demographic factor significantly contributed to aphasia recovery. Interestingly, specific lesion loci seemed to have a differential effect on language performance, depending on the time of testing (i.e., acute/subacute vs. chronic phase). We argue that this variability concerning lesion-deficit associations reflects the dynamic nature of aphasia and further discuss possible explanations in the framework of neuroplastic changes during aphasia recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Papageorgiou
- Neuropsychology & Language Disorders Unit, 1st Neurology Department, Eginition Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (G.A.); (N.L.); (D.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Dimitrios Kasselimis
- Neuropsychology & Language Disorders Unit, 1st Neurology Department, Eginition Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (G.A.); (N.L.); (D.T.); (C.P.)
- Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Angelopoulou
- Neuropsychology & Language Disorders Unit, 1st Neurology Department, Eginition Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (G.A.); (N.L.); (D.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Nikolaos Laskaris
- Neuropsychology & Language Disorders Unit, 1st Neurology Department, Eginition Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (G.A.); (N.L.); (D.T.); (C.P.)
- Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, School of Engineering, University of West Attica, 12241 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsolakopoulos
- Neuropsychology & Language Disorders Unit, 1st Neurology Department, Eginition Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (G.A.); (N.L.); (D.T.); (C.P.)
| | - Georgios Velonakis
- 2nd Department of Radiology, General University Hospital “Attikon”, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Argyro Tountopoulou
- Stroke Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (S.V.)
| | - Sophia Vassilopoulou
- Stroke Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (S.V.)
| | - Constantin Potagas
- Neuropsychology & Language Disorders Unit, 1st Neurology Department, Eginition Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (D.K.); (G.A.); (N.L.); (D.T.); (C.P.)
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15
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Sanchis-Segura C, Wilcox RR, Cruz-Gómez AJ, Félix-Esbrí S, Sebastián-Tirado A, Forn C. Univariate and multivariate sex differences and similarities in gray matter volume within essential language-processing areas. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:90. [PMID: 38129916 PMCID: PMC10740309 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in language-related abilities have been reported. It is generally assumed that these differences stem from a different organization of language in the brains of females and males. However, research in this area has been relatively scarce, methodologically heterogeneous and has yielded conflicting results. METHODS Univariate and multivariate sex differences and similarities in gray matter volume (GMVOL) within 18 essential language-processing brain areas were assessed in a sex-balanced sample (N = 588) of right-handed young adults. Univariate analyses involved location, spread, and shape comparisons of the females' and males' distributions and were conducted with several robust statistical methods able to quantify the size of sex differences and similarities in a complementary way. Multivariate sex differences and similarities were estimated by the same methods in the continuous scores provided by two distinct multivariate procedures (logistic regression and a multivariate analog of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test). Additional analyses were addressed to compare the outcomes of these two multivariate analytical strategies and described their structure (that is, the relative contribution of each brain area to the multivariate effects). RESULTS When not adjusted for total intracranial volume (TIV) variation, "large" univariate sex differences (males > females) were found in all 18 brain areas considered. In contrast, "small" differences (females > males) in just two of these brain areas were found when controlling for TIV. The two multivariate methods tested provided very similar results. Multivariate sex differences surpassed univariate differences, yielding "large" differences indicative of larger volumes in males when calculated from raw GMVOL estimates. Conversely, when calculated from TIV-adjusted GMVOL, multivariate differences were "medium" and indicative of larger volumes in females. Despite their distinct size and direction, multivariate sex differences in raw and TIV-adjusted GMVOL shared a similar structure and allowed us to identify the components of the SENT_CORE network which more likely contribute to the observed effects. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm and extend previous findings about univariate sex differences in language-processing areas, offering unprecedented evidence at the multivariate level. We also observed that the size and direction of these differences vary quite substantially depending on whether they are estimated from raw or TIV-adjusted GMVOL measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Sanchis-Segura
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica Clinica I Psicobiología, Facultat de Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat, SN, 12071, Castelló, Spain.
| | - Rand R Wilcox
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Sonia Félix-Esbrí
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica Clinica I Psicobiología, Facultat de Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat, SN, 12071, Castelló, Spain
| | - Alba Sebastián-Tirado
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica Clinica I Psicobiología, Facultat de Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat, SN, 12071, Castelló, Spain
| | - Cristina Forn
- Departament de Psicologia Bàsica Clinica I Psicobiología, Facultat de Ciències de La Salut, Universitat Jaume I, Avda Sos Baynat, SN, 12071, Castelló, Spain
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16
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Bird A, Reese E, Salmon K, Waldie K, Peterson E, Atatoa-Carr P, Morton S. Maternal depressive symptoms and child language development: Exploring potential pathways through observed and self-reported mother-child verbal interactions. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37969026 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) in the postnatal period may impact children's later development through poorer quality parent-child interactions. The current study tested a specific pathway from MDS (child age 9 months) to child receptive vocabulary (4 ½ years) through both self-reported and observed parent-child verbal interactions (at both 2 and 4 ½ years). Participants (n = 4,432) were part of a large, diverse, contemporary pre-birth national cohort study: Growing Up in New Zealand. Results indicated a direct association between greater MDS at 9 months and poorer receptive vocabulary at age 4 ½ years. There was support for an indirect pathway through self-reported parent-child verbal interactions at 2 years and through observed parent-child verbal interactions at 4 ½ years. A moderated mediation effect was also found: the indirect effect of MDS on child vocabulary through observed verbal interaction was supported for families living in areas of greater socioeconomic deprivation. Overall, findings support the potential role of parent-child verbal interactions as a mechanism for the influence of MDS on later child language development. This pathway may be particularly important for families experiencing socioeconomic adversity, suggesting that effective and appropriate supportive parenting interventions be preferentially targeted to reduce inequities in child language outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bird
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Karen Salmon
- Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Susan Morton
- University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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Provost S, Fourdain S, Vannasing P, Tremblay J, Roger K, García-Puente Y, Doussau A, Vinay MC, Von Siebenthal Z, Paquette N, Poirier N, Gallagher A. Relationship between 4-month functional brain network topology and 24-month neurodevelopmental outcome in children with congenital heart disease. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2023; 47:47-59. [PMID: 37729706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Survivors of complex forms of congenital heart disease (CHD)∗ are at high risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities. Neuroimaging studies have pointed to brain anomalies and immature networks in infants with CHD, yet less is known about their functional network topology and associations with neurodevelopment. To characterize the functional network topology in 4-month-old infants with repaired CHD, we compared graph theory metrics measured using resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (rs-fNIRS) between infants with CHD (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 30). We also investigated the moderating effect of graph theory metrics on the relationship between group (CHD vs. Controls) and developmental outcomes at 24 months. At 4 months, both groups presented similar functional brain network topology. At 24 months, children with CHD had lower scores on the language scale and the expressive communication subscale of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III), as well as lower scores on the Grammatical Form scale of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (MBCDI). The relationship between group and expressive language was moderated by the normalized characteristic path length (λ) and the degree (k). Although infants with CHD have functional brain topology similar to that of healthy controls, our findings suggest that they do not benefit from an optimal functional brain organization in comparison with healthy infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Provost
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neurodevelopmental Optical Imaging Lab (LIONlab), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Solène Fourdain
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neurodevelopmental Optical Imaging Lab (LIONlab), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Phetsamone Vannasing
- Neurodevelopmental Optical Imaging Lab (LIONlab), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Tremblay
- Neurodevelopmental Optical Imaging Lab (LIONlab), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kassandra Roger
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neurodevelopmental Optical Imaging Lab (LIONlab), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Amélie Doussau
- Clinique d'Investigation Neurocardiaque (CINC), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Zorina Von Siebenthal
- Clinique d'Investigation Neurocardiaque (CINC), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Natacha Paquette
- Neurodevelopmental Optical Imaging Lab (LIONlab), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Poirier
- Clinique d'Investigation Neurocardiaque (CINC), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neurodevelopmental Optical Imaging Lab (LIONlab), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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18
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Di X, Xu T, Uddin LQ, Biswal BB. Individual differences in time-varying and stationary brain connectivity during movie watching from childhood to early adulthood: Age, sex, and behavioral associations. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 63:101280. [PMID: 37480715 PMCID: PMC10393546 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatially remote brain regions exhibit dynamic functional interactions across various task conditions. While time-varying functional connectivity during movie watching shows sensitivity to movie content, stationary functional connectivity remains relatively stable across videos. These findings suggest that dynamic and stationary functional interactions may represent different aspects of brain function. However, the relationship between individual differences in time-varying and stationary connectivity and behavioral phenotypes remains elusive. To address this gap, we analyzed an open-access functional MRI dataset comprising participants aged 5-22 years, who watched two cartoon movie clips. We calculated regional brain activity, time-varying connectivity, and stationary connectivity, examining associations with age, sex, and behavioral assessments. Model comparison revealed that time-varying connectivity was more sensitive to age and sex effects compared with stationary connectivity. The preferred age models exhibited quadratic log age or quadratic age effects, indicative of inverted-U shaped developmental patterns. In addition, females showed higher consistency in regional brain activity and time-varying connectivity than males. However, in terms of behavioral predictions, only stationary connectivity demonstrated the ability to predict full-scale intelligence quotient. These findings suggest that individual differences in time-varying and stationary connectivity may capture distinct aspects of behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Lucina Q Uddin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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19
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Nitu NS, Sultana SZ, Haq A, Sumi SA, Bose SK, Sinha S, Kumar S, Haque M. Histological Study on the Thickness of Gray Matter at the Summit and Bottom of Folium in Different Age Groups of Bangladeshi People. Cureus 2023; 15:e42103. [PMID: 37476298 PMCID: PMC10354462 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Context The cerebellum is a part of the hindbrain and consists of cortical gray matter (GM) at the surface and a medullary core of white matter (WM). The GM contains a cell body of neurons that helps process and transmit any command type through nerve fibers found in the WM. The main functions of GM in the central nervous system empower persons to control motor activity, recollection, and passion. So, this research aims to assess the thickness of GM at the summit and bottom of folia by histologically studying the cerebellum cortex. Methods The collection of data was a descriptive type of cross-sectional study. The method was the purposive type. This study was conducted from August 2016 to March 2017, and the research was carried out at Mymensingh Medical College's Department of Anatomy, Bangladesh. Specimens containing cerebellum were preserved from Bangladeshi cadavers according to sexes and ages ranging in years. We chose fresh specimens from people who died within the last 12 hours and preserved them in 10% formol saline. The size of the tissue that was collected for the histological study was not more than 2 cm2 and not more than 4-5 mm thick. Then the tissue was placed in 10% formol saline. This fluid was used for quick fixation and partial dehydration of the tissue. After dehydration, each tissue segment is processed for infiltration and embedding separately. Every section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) before being coated with dibutyl phthalate polystyrene xylene (DPX) coverslips on slides. Result The mean (±SD) thickness of GM at the summit of folium was 886.2±29.7µm in Group A, 925.2±25.9µm in Group B, 912.7±22.3µm in Group C, and 839.9±40.7µm in Group D. Mean (±SD) GM thickness at the bottom of the fissure was 395.6±12.2 µm, 403.9±26.0µm, 380.4±23.4 µm, and 375.8±28.8 µm in Groups A, B, C, and D respectively. Conclusion The thickness of the cortex is an essential factor in the normal development process, and it was similar in the current study. Normal aging, Alzheimer's disease, and other dementias cause reduced GM which makes the cortical sheet thin. Huntington's disease, corticobasal degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and schizophrenia are all examples of neurological disorders. Cortical thinning is typically locally localized, and the progression of atrophy can thus disclose much about a disease's history and causal variables. The present study correspondingly found that GM was reduced after the age of 50 years onward. Furthermore, longitudinal investigations of cortical atrophy have the potential to be extremely useful in measuring the efficacy of a wide range of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahsanul Haq
- Statistics, Gonoshasthaya-RNA Molecular Diagnostic and Research Center, Dhanmondi, BGD
| | - Sharmin A Sumi
- Anatomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, BGD
| | | | - Susmita Sinha
- Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, BGD
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Periodontology and Implantology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
| | - Mainul Haque
- Karnavati Scientific Research Center (KSRC), School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, IND
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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Laura-Luna RA, Chirinos-Saldaña P. [Prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children from the rural population of Oaxaca evaluated by means of the child development evaluation test]. Rev Neurol 2023; 76:403. [PMID: 37303103 PMCID: PMC10478124 DOI: 10.33588/rn.7612.2023134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Laura-Luna
- Escuela de Medicina Humana. Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Trujillo, PerúUniversidad Privada Antenor OrregoUniversidad Privada Antenor OrregoTrujilloPerú
| | - Patricia Chirinos-Saldaña
- Escuela de Medicina Humana. Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Trujillo, PerúUniversidad Privada Antenor OrregoUniversidad Privada Antenor OrregoTrujilloPerú
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21
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Di X, Xu T, Uddin LQ, Biswal BB. Individual differences in time-varying and stationary brain connectivity during movie watching from childhood to early adulthood: age, sex, and behavioral associations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526311. [PMID: 36778481 PMCID: PMC9915503 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Spatially remote brain regions exhibit dynamic functional interactions across various task conditions. While time-varying functional connectivity during movie watching shows sensitivity to movie content, stationary functional connectivity remains relatively stable across videos. These findings suggest that dynamic and stationary functional interactions may represent different aspects of brain function. However, the relationship between individual differences in time-varying and stationary connectivity and behavioral phenotypes remains elusive. To address this gap, we analyzed an open-access functional MRI dataset comprising participants aged 5 to 22 years, who watched two cartoon movie clips. We calculated regional brain activity, time-varying connectivity, and stationary connectivity, examining associations with age, sex, and behavioral assessments. Model comparison revealed that time-varying connectivity was more sensitive to age and sex effects compared with stationary connectivity. The preferred age models exhibited quadratic log age or quadratic age effects, indicative of inverted-U shaped developmental patterns. In addition, females showed higher consistency in regional brain activity and time-varying connectivity than males. However, in terms of behavioral predictions, only stationary connectivity demonstrated the ability to predict full-scale intelligence quotient. These findings suggest that individual differences in time-varying and stationary connectivity may capture distinct aspects of behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY 10022, USA
| | - Lucina Q. Uddin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bharat B. Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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22
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Jo YT, Lee JS, Park J, Lee J, Joo YH. Linguistic anomalies observed in the Sentence Completion Test in patients with schizophrenia. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2023; 28:226-236. [PMID: 37167542 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2023.2209313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a chronic, debilitating disorder characterised by distorted thinking, perceptions, behaviours, and even language impairments. We investigated the linguistic anomalies in Korean schizophrenia patients compared to non-psychotic psychiatric controls to determine whether the linguistic anomalies in English speakers with schizophrenia were replicated in Korean speakers. METHODS Thirty-four schizophrenia patients and 70 non-psychotic psychiatric controls were included in this study. The SCT was utilised as the text data for analysis. For linguistic analysis, we evaluated texts regarding semantics and syntax. We separately counted the number of semantic or syntactic errors in the written texts of study participants and compared them between patients and controls. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients showed significantly more semantic errors (p < .001) and syntactic errors (p < .001) per 1,000 characters than non-psychotic psychiatric controls. Specifically, inappropriate word or syntactic component selection is noticeable in schizophrenia patients. These differences were still significant after adjusting for general intelligence measured by the K-WAIS-IV. CONCLUSION Schizophrenia patients showed both semantic and syntactic errors in written language. Moreover, these errors seemed to be partly independent of general intelligence. Notably, patients showed a noticeable number of syntactic errors. Further investigation into the language of patients with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Tak Jo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaiyoung Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungsun Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Ho Joo
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Tsompanidis A, Hampton S, Aydin E, Allison C, Holt R, Baron-Cohen S. Mini-puberty testosterone and infant autistic traits. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1126023. [PMID: 37091846 PMCID: PMC10113441 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1126023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Levels of steroid hormones in the first three months of life, a period referred to as 'mini-puberty', are one of the earliest physiological differences between typical males and females postnatally. Autistic traits also show consistent typical sex differences in later infancy, after the 18th month of life. Previous studies have shown prenatal testosterone is associated with later levels of autistic traits. Studies testing if postnatal testosterone levels are associated with autistic traits have reported null results. No studies to date have investigated mini-puberty longitudinally or tested for interactions with baseline sex differences or familial likelihood of autism. Methods The 'Cambridge Human Imaging and Longitudinal Development Study' (CHILD) is a prospective enriched cohort study in Cambridge, UK. It includes physiological measurements in early infancy, as well as neurodevelopmental follow-ups over the first two years of life. A subset of the cohort also includes children with a family history of autism (a diagnosed parent or sibling). Salivary testosterone levels were assessed at two time-points, just after the 2nd and 6th month of life. Autistic traits were measured using the Quantitative Checklist of Autism in Toddlers (Q-CHAT) when the children were 18 months of age. Results Salivary testosterone levels were significantly higher during 'mini-puberty' in the 2nd and 3rd month of life, compared to after the 6th month of life, in both males and females. There was no significant sex difference at either time-point. Log-transformed testosterone levels were not associated with autistic traits (Q-CHAT). There was no interaction effect with infant sex, autism family history or baseline testosterone levels after mini-puberty (at >6 months of age). Conclusion Both male and female infants have elevated levels of salivary testosterone during mini-puberty but in this relatively small sample this was not associated with their later autistic traits at 18 months or their family history of autism. This suggests that prenatal rather than postnatal testosterone levels are more relevant for understanding the causes of autism. Future studies should test these relationships in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Tsompanidis
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Hampton
- York Trials Unit, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ezra Aydin
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carrie Allison
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Holt
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Baron-Cohen
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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24
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Fenske SJ, Liu J, Chen H, Diniz MA, Stephens RL, Cornea E, Gilmore JH, Gao W. Sex differences in resting state functional connectivity across the first two years of life. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 60:101235. [PMID: 36966646 PMCID: PMC10066534 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in behavior have been reported from infancy through adulthood, but little is known about sex effects on functional circuitry in early infancy. Moreover, the relationship between early sex effects on the functional architecture of the brain and later behavioral performance remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used resting-state fMRI and a novel heatmap analysis to examine sex differences in functional connectivity with cross-sectional and longitudinal mixed models in a large cohort of infants (n = 319 neonates, 1-, and 2-year-olds). An adult dataset (n = 92) was also included for comparison. We investigated the relationship between sex differences in functional circuitry and later measures of language (collected in 1- and 2-year-olds) as well as indices of anxiety, executive function, and intelligence (collected in 4-year-olds). Brain areas showing the most significant sex differences were age-specific across infancy, with two temporal regions demonstrating consistent differences. Measures of functional connectivity showing sex differences in infancy were significantly associated with subsequent behavioral scores of language, executive function, and intelligence. Our findings provide insights into the effects of sex on dynamic neurodevelopmental trajectories during infancy and lay an important foundation for understanding the mechanisms underlying sex differences in health and disease.
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25
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Clark-Whitney E, Melzi G. Executive Function and Narrative Language Abilities in Emergent Bilingual Preschoolers: An Exploratory Study. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2023; 54:584-599. [PMID: 36930879 DOI: 10.1044/2022_lshss-21-00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In light of the importance of preschool oral narrative skills as precursors to literacy, this exploratory study examined expressive language skills among emergent bilingual Latine preschoolers using a naturalistic personal narrative task. To understand the factors that support language use in the personal narrative context for this population, we examined the contribution of children's executive function (EF) skills to their narrative language abilities. METHOD Children completed two subtests from the Preschool Self-Regulation Assessment to measure EF and produced two personal narratives in response to conversational prompts. A series of linear regressions were used to evaluate the relation between children's EF skills and their narrative production ability, narrative organization, and expressive language skills derived from automated analyses of narrative samples. RESULTS EF was found to predict children's ability to produce a personal narrative but not the language skills children demonstrated in these narratives. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that EF is implicated in emergent bilingual Latine children's narrative abilities. At the preschool age, the contribution of EF to narrative language production is apparent in the global task of producing a narrative, rather than in the organizational or linguistic features of the narrative. As such, supporting both EF and narrative skills might be an important means of facilitating preliteracy among bilingual children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gigliana Melzi
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University, NY
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26
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Executive Functions and Language Skills in Preschool Children: The Unique Contribution of Verbal Working Memory and Cognitive Flexibility. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13030470. [PMID: 36979280 PMCID: PMC10046801 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of language skills requires a range of linguistic abilities and cognitive processes, such as executive functions (EFs, i.e., a set of skills involved in goal-directed activities which are crucial for regulating thoughts and actions). Despite progress in understanding the link between language and EFs, the need for more research on the extent and directionality of this link is undeniable. This study examined whether specific components of EFs account for a significant amount of variance in language abilities above and beyond gender, age, and nonverbal intelligence. The sample comprised 79 typically developing children attending the last year of preschool (Mage = 64.5 months, SD = 3.47). EFs were assessed through tasks that explored three predictor variables: inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. The language outcomes included receptive and expressive language. After controlling for age, gender, and nonverbal intelligence, findings showed that working memory and cognitive flexibility, respectively, explained an additional 16% and 19% of the variance. Inhibition skills did not increase the amount of explained variance in language outcomes. These results highlight the potential added importance of assessing working memory and cognitive flexibility in the prediction of language skills in preschool children.
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27
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Bölte S, Neufeld J, Marschik PB, Williams ZJ, Gallagher L, Lai MC. Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:136-159. [PMID: 36747038 PMCID: PMC10154737 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Health-related conditions often differ qualitatively or quantitatively between individuals of different birth-assigned sexes and gender identities, and/or with different gendered experiences, requiring tailored care. Studying the moderating and mediating effects of sex-related and gender-related factors on impairment, disability, wellbeing and health is of paramount importance especially for neurodivergent individuals, who are diagnosed with neurodevelopmental conditions with uneven sex/gender distributions. Researchers have become aware of the myriad influences that sex-related and gender-related variables have on the manifestations of neurodevelopmental conditions, and contemporary work has begun to investigate the mechanisms through which these effects are mediated. Here we describe topical concepts of sex and gender science, summarize current knowledge, and discuss research and clinical challenges related to autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other neurodevelopmental conditions. We consider sex and gender in the context of epidemiology, behavioural phenotypes, neurobiology, genetics, endocrinology and neighbouring disciplines. The available evidence supports the view that sex and gender are important contributors to the biological and behavioural variability in neurodevelopmental conditions. Methodological caveats such as frequent conflation of sex and gender constructs, inappropriate measurement of these constructs and under-representation of specific demographic groups (for example, female and gender minority individuals and people with intellectual disabilities) limit the translational potential of research so far. Future research and clinical implementation should integrate sex and gender into next-generation diagnostics, mechanistic investigations and support practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Curtin Autism Research Group, Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Janina Neufeld
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Collegium for Advanced Study (SCAS), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter B Marschik
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen and Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Göttingen, Germany
- iDN - interdisciplinary Developmental Neuroscience, Division of Phoniatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zachary J Williams
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Louise Gallagher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Child and Youth Mental Health Collaborative at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, and Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meng-Chuan Lai
- Child and Youth Mental Health Collaborative at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, and Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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28
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Dailey S, Bergelson E. Talking to talkers: Infants' talk status, but not their gender, is related to language input. Child Dev 2023; 94:478-496. [PMID: 36458329 PMCID: PMC10478774 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Prior research points to gender differences in some early language skills, but is inconclusive about the mechanisms at play, providing evidence that both infants' early input and productions may differ by gender. This study examined the linguistic input and early productions of 44 American English-learning infants (93% White) in a longitudinal sample of home recordings collected at 6-17 months (in 2014-2016). Girls produced more unique words than boys (Cohen's d = .67) and this effect grew with age, but there were no significant gender differences in language input (d = .22-.24). Instead, caregivers talked more to infants who had begun to talk (d = .93-.97), regardless of gender. Therefore, prior results highlighting gender-based input differences may have been due, at least partly, to this talking-to-talkers effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Dailey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
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29
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Tarchi L, Damiani S, Vittori PLT, Frick A, Castellini G, Politi P, Fusar-Poli P, Ricca V. Progressive Voxel-Wise Homotopic Connectivity from childhood to adulthood: Age-related functional asymmetry in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22366. [PMID: 36811370 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Homotopic connectivity during resting state has been proposed as a risk marker for neurologic and psychiatric conditions, but a precise characterization of its trajectory through development is currently lacking. Voxel-Mirrored Homotopic Connectivity (VMHC) was evaluated in a sample of 85 neurotypical individuals aged 7-18 years. VMHC associations with age, handedness, sex, and motion were explored at the voxel-wise level. VMHC correlates were also explored within 14 functional networks. Primary and secondary outcomes were repeated in a sample of 107 adults aged 21-50 years. In adults, VMHC was negatively correlated with age only in the posterior insula (false discovery rate p < .05, >30-voxel clusters), while a distributed effect among the medial axis was observed in minors. Four out of 14 considered networks showed significant negative correlations between VMHC and age in minors (basal ganglia r = -.280, p = .010; anterior salience r = -.245, p = .024; language r = -.222, p = .041; primary visual r = -.257, p = .017), but not adults. In minors, a positive effect of motion on VMHC was observed only in the putamen. Sex did not significantly influence age effects on VMHC. The current study showed a specific decrease in VMHC for minors as a function of age, but not adults, supporting the notion that interhemispheric interactions can shape late neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Tarchi
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Damiani
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Andreas Frick
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Castellini
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Politi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Psychiatry Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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30
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Bartha-Doering L, Kollndorfer K, Schwartz E, Fischmeister FP, Langs G, Weber M, Lackner-Schmelz S, Kienast P, Stümpflen M, Taymourtash A, Mandl S, Alexopoulos J, Prayer D, Seidl R, Kasprian G. Fetal temporal sulcus depth asymmetry has prognostic value for language development. Commun Biol 2023; 6:109. [PMID: 36707693 PMCID: PMC9883513 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In most humans, the superior temporal sulcus (STS) shows a rightward depth asymmetry. This asymmetry can not only be observed in adults, but is already recognizable in the fetal brain. As the STS lies adjacent to brain areas important for language, STS depth asymmetry may represent an anatomical marker for language abilities. This study investigated the prognostic value of STS depth asymmetry in healthy fetuses for later language abilities, language localization, and language-related white matter tracts. Less right lateralization of the fetal STS depth was significantly associated with better verbal abilities, with fetal STS depth asymmetry explaining more than 40% of variance in verbal skills 6-13 years later. Furthermore, less right fetal STS depth asymmetry correlated with increased left language localization during childhood. We hypothesize that earlier and/or more localized fetal development of the left temporal cortex is accompanied by an earlier development of the left STS and is favorable for early language learning. If the findings of this pilot study hold true in larger samples of healthy children and in different clinical populations, fetal STS asymmetry has the potential to become a diagnostic biomarker of the maturity and integrity of neural correlates of language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bartha-Doering
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Kollndorfer
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Schwartz
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Ph.S. Fischmeister
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.5110.50000000121539003Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria ,grid.452216.6BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Langs
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Weber
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Lackner-Schmelz
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patric Kienast
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Stümpflen
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athena Taymourtash
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Computational Imaging Research Lab, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Mandl
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Alexopoulos
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria ,grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Seidl
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Division of Neuroradiology and Muscoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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31
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Tang B, Levine M, Adamek JH, Wodka EL, Caffo BS, Ewen JB. Evaluating causal psychological models: A study of language theories of autism using a large sample. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1060525. [PMID: 36910768 PMCID: PMC9998497 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1060525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We used a large convenience sample (n = 22,223) from the Simons Powering Autism Research (SPARK) dataset to evaluate causal, explanatory theories of core autism symptoms. In particular, the data-items collected supported the testing of theories that posited altered language abilities as cause of social withdrawal, as well as alternative theories that competed with these language theories. Our results using this large dataset converge with the evolution of the field in the decades since these theories were first proposed, namely supporting primary social withdrawal (in some cases of autism) as a cause of altered language development, rather than vice versa. To accomplish the above empiric goals, we used a highly theory-constrained approach, one which differs from current data-driven modeling trends but is coherent with a very recent resurgence in theory-driven psychology. In addition to careful explication and formalization of theoretical accounts, we propose three principles for future work of this type: specification, quantification, and integration. Specification refers to constraining models with pre-existing data, from both outside and within autism research, with more elaborate models and more veridical measures, and with longitudinal data collection. Quantification refers to using continuous measures of both psychological causes and effects, as well as weighted graphs. This approach avoids "universality and uniqueness" tests that hold that a single cognitive difference could be responsible for a heterogeneous and complex behavioral phenotype. Integration of multiple explanatory paths within a single model helps the field examine for multiple contributors to a single behavioral feature or to multiple behavioral features. It also allows integration of explanatory theories across multiple current-day diagnoses and as well as typical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Tang
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Jack H Adamek
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ericka L Wodka
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.,School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brian S Caffo
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joshua B Ewen
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.,School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Alexopoulos J, Giordano V, Doering S, Seidl R, Benavides-Varela S, Russwurm M, Greenwood S, Berger A, Bartha-Doering L. Sex differences in neural processing of speech in neonates. Cortex 2022; 157:117-128. [PMID: 36279755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The large majority of studies shows that girls develop their language skills faster than boys in the first few years of life. Are girls born with this advantage in language development? The present study used fNIRS in neonates to investigate sex differences in neural processing of speech within the first days of life. We found that speech stimuli elicited significantly more brain activity than non-speech stimuli in both groups of male and female neonates. However, whereas girls showed significant HbO changes to speech stimuli only within the left hemisphere, boys exhibited simultaneous neural activations in both hemispheres, with a larger and more significant fronto-temporal cluster in the right hemisphere. Furthermore, in boys, the variation in time-to-peak latencies was considerably greater than in girls. These findings suggest an earlier maturation of language-related brain areas in girls and highlight the importance of sex-specific investigations of neural language networks in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vito Giordano
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Doering
- Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Benavides-Varela
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization & Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Magdalena Russwurm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephanie Greenwood
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angelika Berger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Bartha-Doering
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Lönnerblad M, Berglund E, Åberg M, Blomgren K. Occupational outcomes after
high‐grade
or
low‐grade
brain tumors in childhood: A Swedish, nationwide,
registry‐based
study. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7459-7469. [PMID: 36419225 PMCID: PMC10067118 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of pediatric brain tumors are at high risk of late complications that may affect their daily life in both short- and long-term perspectives. METHODS In this nationwide registry-based study we explored the occupational outcomes, including employment, sickness or activity compensation and parental leave, in 452 individuals in Sweden, born 1988-1996, and diagnosed with a brain tumor before their 15th birthday. Their results were compared with 2188 matched controls. RESULTS There were significant differences between cases and controls for all assessed variables. The cases had benefitted from sickness or activity compensation 11 times more often than controls (CI 7.90-15.83; p < 0.001) between 2005 and 2016. Controls were almost three times more likely to have an employment (OR 0.36; CI 0.28-0.47; p < 0.001) and nearly twice as likely to have been on parental leave (OR 0.56; CI 0.39-0.80; p = 0.002). Although cases treated for high-grade tumors typically fared worse than those treated for low-grade tumors, significant differences for all assessed variables were also observed for cases treated for a low-grade tumor compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS Our findings emphasize the need for follow-up programs for all brain tumor diagnoses, not only those known to be at most risk. This is evident, for example, from the high number of cases who received sickness or activity compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Lönnerblad
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Special Education Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Eva Berglund
- Department of Special Education Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maria Åberg
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
- Region Västra Götaland Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Paediatric Oncology Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
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Choline Improves Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia Induced Changes in Male but Not Female Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213983. [PMID: 36430459 PMCID: PMC9694200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Choline is an essential nutrient with many roles in brain development and function. Supplementation of choline in early development can have long-lasting benefits. Our experiments aimed to determine the efficacy of choline supplementation in a postnatal day (PND) 10 rat model of neonatal hypoxia ischemia (HI) at term using both male and female rat pups. Choline (100 mg/kg) or saline administration was initiated the day after birth and given daily for 10 or 14 consecutive days. We determined choline's effects on neurite outgrowth of sex-specific cultured cerebellar granule cells after HI with and without choline. The magnitude of tissue loss in the cerebrum was determined at 72 h after HI and in adult rats. The efficacy of choline supplementation in improving motor ability and learning, tested using eyeblink conditioning, were assessed in young adult male and female rats. Overall, we find that choline improves neurite outgrowth, short-term histological measures and learning ability in males. Surprisingly, choline did not benefit females, and appears to exacerbate HI-induced changes.
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Taddei M, Bulgheroni S, Riva D, Erbetta A. Task‐related functional neuroimaging contribution to sex/gender differences in cognition and emotion during development. J Neurosci Res 2022; 101:575-603. [PMID: 36354127 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has shown that sex/gender (s/g) influences on cognitive functions and related brain anatomy, functional responses, and connectivity are less clear than previously assumed, and most studies investigated adult population. In this mini-review, we summarize research progress in the study of s/g differences in the human brain function as investigated by neuroimaging methods adopting a developmental perspective. In particular, we review original studies published from 2000 to 2021 investigating s/g differences in task-related brain functional activation and connectivity in healthy children and adolescents. We summarize results about studies in the domains of language, visuospatial ability, social cognition, and executive functions. Overall, a clear relation between cognition and brain activation or connectivity pattern is far from being established and the few coherent results should be considered exploratory, despite in some cases, brain function seems to present specific patterns in comparison with what reported in adults. Moreover, future studies should address methodological limitations, such as fragmentation of tasks, lack of control for confounding variables, and lack of longitudinal designs to study developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Taddei
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | - Sara Bulgheroni
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | - Daria Riva
- Department of Pediatric Neuroscience Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
| | - Alessandra Erbetta
- Department of Neuroradiology Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milan Italy
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Vrantsidis DM, Wakschlag LS, Espy KA, Wiebe SA. Differential associations of maternal behavior to preschool boys' and girls' executive function. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 83:101468. [PMID: 37220613 PMCID: PMC10201980 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Boys are more sensitive to environmental factors like parental behavior, an important predictor of executive function. This study examined whether the interaction between child sex and maternal behavior was associated with children's executive function in a manner consistent with the vulnerability or differential susceptibility model. Participants were 146 36-month-old children and their mothers. Maternal responsiveness and negative reactivity were coded during structured mother-child interactions. Executive function was operationalized as latent self-control and working memory/inhibitory control (WMIC). Structural equation modelling supported a sex by responsiveness interaction for self-control but not WMIC. Consistent with a vulnerability model, less responsiveness was associated with poorer self-control for boys relative to girls. Boys' self-control may be more vulnerable to the negative effect of unresponsive maternal behavior helping explain boys increased risk for externalizing behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne M. Vrantsidis
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 700 Children’s Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Lauren S. Wakschlag
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine and Institute for Innovations in Developmental Sciences, Northwestern University, 633 N. St. Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kimberly Andrews Espy
- Departments of Neuroscience, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Sandra A. Wiebe
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, 116 St. and 85 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
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Xiao L, Cai B, Qu G, Zhang G, Stephen JM, Wilson TW, Calhoun VD, Wang YP. Distance Correlation-Based Brain Functional Connectivity Estimation and Non-Convex Multi-Task Learning for Developmental fMRI Studies. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 69:3039-3050. [PMID: 35316180 PMCID: PMC9594860 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3160447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI)-derived functional connectivity (FC) patterns have been extensively used to delineate global functional organization of the human brain in healthy development and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this paper, we investigate how FC in males and females differs in an age prediction framework. METHODS We first estimate FC between regions-of-interest (ROIs) using distance correlation instead of Pearson's correlation. Distance correlation, as a multivariate statistical method, explores spatial relations of voxel-wise time courses within individual ROIs and measures both linear and nonlinear dependence, capturing more complex between-ROI interactions. Then, we propose a novel non-convex multi-task learning (NC-MTL) model to study age-related gender differences in FC, where age prediction for each gender group is viewed as one task, and a composite regularizer with a combination of the non-convex l2,1-2 and l1-2 terms is introduced for selecting both common and task-specific features. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We validate the effectiveness of our NC-MTL model with distance correlation-based FC derived from rs-fMRI for predicting ages of both genders. The experimental results on the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort demonstrate that our NC-MTL model outperforms several other competing MTL models in age prediction. We also compare the age prediction performance of our NC-MTL model using FC estimated by Pearson's correlation and distance correlation, which shows that distance correlation-based FC is more discriminative for age prediction than Pearson's correlation-based FC. SIGNIFICANCE This paper presents a novel framework for functional connectome developmental studies, characterizing developmental gender differences in FC patterns.
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Martzoukou M, Nasios G, Kosmidis MH, Papadopoulou D. Aging and the Perception of Affective and Linguistic Prosody. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH 2022; 51:1001-1021. [PMID: 35441951 DOI: 10.1007/s10936-022-09875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of affective prosodic processing have demonstrated a decline with aging. It is unclear, however, whether this decline affects all or specific emotions. Also, little is known about the ability of syntactic resolution ambiguity with the use of prosody in aging. Twenty older (age range = 70-75) and 20 younger adults (age range = 20-25) performed an affective (happiness, neutrality, sadness, surprise, fear, and anger) and a linguistic (subject/object ambiguities) prosody task. Relative to young participants, older participants faced difficulty decoding affective prosody, particularly negative emotions, and syntactic prosody, in particular the subject reading condition. A marginally positive correlation was found between the affective and syntactic prosody tasks in the group of older individuals, but no gender differences in either prosodic task. The findings of the affective prosody task are discussed under the prism of the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory, whereas general parsing strategies can account for the preference for the object reading condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Martzoukou
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Grigorios Nasios
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Mary H Kosmidis
- Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Despina Papadopoulou
- Department of Linguistics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Are we promoting boys and girls equally? An analysis of boys’ and girls’ participation in community prevention. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Despite consensus that prevention and health promotion need to address gender aspects and differences, not much is known about how boys and girls in infancy (or their parents) make use of existing non-medical community programmes. The aim of the study was therefore to analyse the extent to which boys and girls or their parents in distinct social circumstances participate in respective programmes.
Subject and methods
We conducted secondary analyses for two study samples: The COLIPRE Study includes (n = 6.480) pre-schoolers from Duesseldorf; the SKILLS Study includes (n = 637) pre-schoolers and school children from Cologne. Social circumstances included parental education, employment status, family status, migration background, mother language and neighbourhood deprivation. Prevention participation included programmes for a healthy diet, physical activity, child education and language development. We used Poisson regressions to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence interval (CI), adjusted for age, siblings and BMI, stratified for boys and girls.
Results
In both studies, we observed no gender differences in general participation. Taking a range of social circumstances into account, we found that boys and girls with specific disadvantages were underrepresented in programmes to promote a healthy diet, physical activity and child education. By contrast, boys and girls with a migration background participate in language promotion programmes more often than their German-native peers.
Conclusion
More effort should be put into developing programmes for boys and girls and their parents in difficult social circumstances.
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Lozano I, López Pérez D, Laudańska Z, Malinowska‐Korczak A, Szmytke M, Radkowska A, Tomalski P. Changes in selective attention to articulating mouth across infancy: Sex differences and associations with language outcomes. INFANCY 2022; 27:1132-1153. [DOI: 10.1111/infa.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Lozano
- Department of Cognitive Psychology and Neurocognitive Science Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Faculty of Psychology Madrid Spain
| | - David López Pérez
- Neurocognitive Development Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Zuzanna Laudańska
- Neurocognitive Development Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Malinowska‐Korczak
- Neurocognitive Development Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
| | - Magdalena Szmytke
- Neurocognitive Development Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Alicja Radkowska
- Neurocognitive Development Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
- Neurocognitive Development Lab, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland
| | - Przemysław Tomalski
- Neurocognitive Development Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences Warsaw Poland
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41
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Sex differences in cognitive processing: An integrative review of electrophysiological findings. Biol Psychol 2022; 172:108370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Marini A. The beauty of diversity in cognitive neuroscience: The case of sex-related effects in language production networks. J Neurosci Res 2022; 101:633-642. [PMID: 35692091 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, several studies have focused on potential sex-related differences in the trajectories of language development and functioning. From a behavioral point of view, the available literature shows controversial results: differences between males and females in language production tasks may not always be detectable and, even when they are, are potentially biased by sociological and educational confounding factors. The problem regarding potential sex-related differences in language production has also been investigated at the neural level, again with controversial results. The current minireview focuses on studies assessing sex-related differences in the neural networks of language production. After providing a theoretical framework of language production, it is shown that the few available investigations have provided mixed results. The major reasons for discrepant findings are discussed with theoretical and methodological implications for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marini
- Department of Language and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.,Claudiana - Landesfachhochschule für Gesundheitsberufe, Bolzano, Italy
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Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct: Disease Characterization and Exploration of Potential Prognostic Factors for Cochlear Implantation. Otol Neurotol 2022; 43:e563-e570. [PMID: 35261386 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000003518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is an unmet need to match the anticipated natural history of hearing loss (HL) in enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) with clinical management strategies. The objectives of this study are therefore to provide a detailed case characterization of an EVA cohort and explore the relationship between candidate prognostic factors and timing of cochlear implant (CI) surgery. STUDY DESIGN A multicenter retrospective review of patients diagnosed with EVA. SETTING Patient data recruitment across three CI centers in the UK. PATIENTS One hundred fifty patients with a radiological diagnosis of EVA from January 1995 to January 2021. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Age at audiological candidacy for CI and age at first implant surgery. RESULTS EVA was predominately a bilateral condition (144/ 150) with increased prevalence in women (M:F, 64:86). 51.7% of patients failed new-born hearing screening, with 65.7% having HL diagnosed by 1 year. Initial moderate to severe and severe to profound HL were reported most frequently. In 123 patients, median age that audiological candidacy for CI was met for at least one ear was 2.75 years. Median age at first CI was 5 years (140/150).Pendred syndrome (confirmed in 73 patients) and ethnicity, were not significantly associated with earlier CI surgery. Multivariate linear regression demonstrated that male patients have first CI surgery significantly earlier than females (coefficient -0.43, 95% CI [-0.82, -0.05), p-value = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS This large UK EVA cohort provides evidence that patients should be closely monitored for CI candidacy within the first 3 years of life. Significantly, male gender is emerging as an independent prognostic factor for earlier assessment and first CI surgery.
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Garon-Bissonnette J, Duguay G, Lemieux R, Dubois-Comtois K, Berthelot N. Maternal childhood abuse and neglect predicts offspring development in early childhood: The roles of reflective functioning and child sex. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 128:105030. [PMID: 33752901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that offspring of mothers having been exposed to childhood abuse and neglect (CA&N) are at increased risk of developmental problems and that boys are more affected by maternal CA&N than girls. Since impairments in reflective functioning (RF) have been associated with maternal CA&N and offspring development, RF could represent a key mechanism in these intergenerational risk trajectories. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated mediating (RF) and moderating (child sex) mechanisms in the association between maternal CA&N and child development. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING In a longitudinal setting, 111 mothers completed measures during pregnancy and between 11 and 36 months postpartum. METHODS CA&N and impairments in RF were assessed during pregnancy and offspring development was measured during the longitudinal follow-up using the Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ-3). Child development was operationalized in two ways: using the global score at the ASQ-3 and using a dichotomous score of accumulation of delays across domains of development. RESULTS Structural equation modeling indicated that RF mediated the association between maternal CA&N and offspring development. Child sex moderated the association between CA&N and the clustering of developmental problems (Wald = 5.88, p = 0.02), with boys being particularly likely to accumulate developmental delays when their mother experienced CA&N (RR = 2.62). Accumulation of developmental problems was associated with impairments in maternal RF in girls and with maternal exposure to CA&N in boys. CONCLUSIONS Results provide novel insights on the role of mentalization and child sex in the association between maternal CA&N and child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Duguay
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada
| | - Karine Dubois-Comtois
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada; Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Canada; Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès des enfants vulnérables et négligés, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Canada.
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Qian L, Shao H, Fang H, Xiao T, Ding N, Sun B, Gao H, Tang M, Ye M, Ke X, O'Neill DK. Reliability, validity and developmental sensitivity of the Language Use Inventory (LUI) in the Chinese context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2022; 57:497-511. [PMID: 34984773 PMCID: PMC9305186 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pragmatics has generally been defined as the ability to use language in social situations, it is commonly regarded as the third major component of language ability. To date, there is no tool for assessing early pragmatic development of Chinese-speaking children. AIMS To describe the translation of the Language Use Inventory (LUI) from English to Mandarin Chinese and to report findings on the Chinese version's reliability, validity and developmental sensitivity. METHODS & PROCEDURES The original English version of the LUI was translated into Mandarin Chinese. Parents of 177 typically developing (TD) toddlers and preschool children completed the inventory to examine its internal reliability and construct validity and how scores differed across ages and sexes. A total of 31 parents out of the 177 completed the LUI-Mandarin, again within 4 weeks, to assess test-retest reliability. To examine discriminative validity, 43 parents of age- and sex-matched TD children and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) recruited from Nanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical University completed the LUI-Mandarin. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Cronbach's alpha values for the LUI-Mandarin's three parts and for 11 of 12 LUI-Mandarin subscales were 0.707-0.992, with most values in the 0.825-0.992 range. Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.66 to 0.95, indicating good to excellent reliability. Factor analysis of the LUI-Mandarin revealed two different factors, and the total variance explained was 74.38%. The LUI-Mandarin total scores and subscale scores increased with age for both boys and girls, providing evidence of the inventory's developmental sensitivity. Girls, however, had higher total scores than boys at earlier ages (18-23 months). The results of the discriminant validity study revealed that performance was significantly lower in the ASD group than in the TD group with respect to LUI total scores and subscale scores (except for subscale A). CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The LUI-Mandarin is the first and only questionnaire available in China that evaluates the pragmatic language skills of children aged between 18 and 47 months. The results of the study show that the LUI-Mandarin is a valid and reliable tool for Chinese toddlers and preschool children. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on this subject The LUI is a parent-report questionnaire that can provide comprehensive information about very young children's communicative competence. It is widely used both for assessment and to guide intervention. Additionally, it has been translated into French, Italian, Polish, Arabic, Portuguese and Norwegian and it shows good reliability and validity. What this paper adds to existing knowledge In the present study we describe the translation of the LUI from English to Mandarin Chinese and report findings on the Chinese version's reliability, validity and developmental sensitivity. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The LUI-Mandarin is the first and only questionnaire available in China that can evaluate pragmatic language skills of children aged between 18 and 47 months. The results show that the LUI-Mandarin is a valid and reliable tool for use with Chinese toddlers and preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Child Mental Health Research CenterNanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuxi Mental Health CenterNanjing Medical UniversityWuxiChina
| | - Huan Shao
- Child Mental Health Research CenterNanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Hui Fang
- Child Mental Health Research CenterNanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ting Xiao
- Child Mental Health Research CenterNanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ning Ding
- Child Mental Health Research CenterNanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Bei Sun
- Child Mental Health Research CenterNanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - HuiYun Gao
- Child Mental Health Research CenterNanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Min Tang
- Jiangning District Maternal and Child Health Care InstituteNanjingChina
| | - Mei Ye
- Jiangning District Maternal and Child Health Care InstituteNanjingChina
| | - XiaoYan Ke
- Child Mental Health Research CenterNanjing Brain Hospital affiliated with Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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Partanen E, Mårtensson G, Hugoson P, Huotilainen M, Fellman V, Ådén U. Auditory Processing of the Brain Is Enhanced by Parental Singing for Preterm Infants. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:772008. [PMID: 35444514 PMCID: PMC9014198 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.772008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the human auditory system is highly malleable in infancy, perinatal risk factors, such as preterm birth, may affect auditory development. In comparison to healthy full-term infants, preterm infants show abnormal auditory brain responses at term age, which may have long-term detrimental outcomes. To achieve an optimal neonatal care environment for preterm-born infants, many early interventions have been developed. Musical interventions developed for neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) have shown beneficial effects on vital functions and weight gain of preterm infants and might also influence basic auditory processing and thereby enhance outcomes. In the present study, we tested the effect of parental singing during kangaroo care on auditory processing of standardized audio stimuli. Preterm infants (born between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation) were randomized to singing intervention (n = 13) or control (n = 8) groups. The auditory processing was tested using two audio paradigms assessed with magnetoencephalography (MEG) at term corresponding age. To verify that the paradigms elicit responses in MEG, we studied 12 healthy full-term infants. In the singing intervention group, parents were instructed by a music therapist twice a week for 4 weeks to sing or hum during kangaroo care in an infant-directed way. The control group received standard kangaroo care. The results show that the infants in the singing intervention group show larger neural responses than those in the control group when controlling for the total amount of singing during kangaroo care. Our findings suggest that incorporating singing into kangaroo care may be beneficial for preterm infants, but the effect may not be due to exposure to singing but instead positive parenting, improved parental self-esteem and improved caregiver sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eino Partanen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience (CFIN), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain (MMBB), Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Eino Partanen,
| | - Gustaf Mårtensson
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Hugoson
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Music, Art, and Culture Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Nursing Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Huotilainen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain (MMBB), Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- CICERO Learning Network, Faculty of Educational Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulrika Ådén
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Dai L, Wu T, Hu Y, Li S, Liu W. Does the Efficacy of Behavior Management Techniques Differ Between Children From Single-Child and Multi-Child Families?: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:840483. [PMID: 35321197 PMCID: PMC8936677 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.840483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Behavior management techniques (BMTs) efficiently deliver dental treatment to children with dental anxiety. The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to examine whether the efficacy of BMTs applied for the improvement of compliance in pediatric patients differs between children 3–10-year-olds from single-child and multi-child families. Materials and Methods In this quasi-experimental, 197 caregiver-child couples were divided into two groups: single-child group (116 couples) and multi-child group (81 couples). Children's pre- and post-treatment anxiety levels were measured by facial mood scale (FMS) and Frankl Behavior Rating Scale (FBRS), respectively. Caregivers' dental anxiety was measured by the Chinese version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), which was included in the self-designed questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-square tests, and binary multivariate regression analysis. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the demographic characteristics of the children between the two groups. BMTs were found to be capable of reducing children's dental anxiety (CDA): the compliance rate was 45.69–88.79% in the single-child group and 44.44–85.79% in the multi-child group pre- and post-BMTs, but there was no significant difference in the change of compliance between the two groups (p > 0.05). In the subgroup analysis, parenting style (odds ratio [OR] = 0.054, p < 0.05) and father's education (OR = 8.19, p < 0.05) affected the varies of children's compliance in the single-child group. In contrast, in the multi-child group, gender (OR = 8.004, p < 0.05) and mother's occupation (OR = 0.017, p < 0.05) were associated with these changes in compliance. Conclusions In this study, BMTs were proved to be beneficial in improving compliance in 3- to 10-year-olds children in dental treatment. Though there was no significant difference in the change of compliance between children from single-child and multi-child families, different associated factors may affect the two groups. Therefore, the related family factors should be taken into account when professionals manage each child's behavior in dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Dai
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yun Hu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunyi Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Reasearch Center for Public Health Security, College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Weiwei Liu ;
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48
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Sex differences in the intrinsic reading neural networks of Chinese children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101098. [PMID: 35325839 PMCID: PMC8943427 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in reading performance have been considered a relatively stable phenomenon. However, there is no general agreement about their neural basis, which might be due to that sex differences are largely influenced by age. This paper focuses on the sex differences in the reading-related neural network of Chinese children and its interaction with age. We also attempt to predict reading abilities based on neural network. Fifty-three boys and 56 girls (8.2–14.6 years of age) were recruited. We collected their resting-state fMRI and behavioural data. Restricted sex differences were found in the resting-state reading neural network compared to extensive age by sex interaction effect. Specifically, the interactions between sex and age indicated that with increasing age, girls showed greater connectivity strength between visual orthographic areas and other brain areas within the reading network, while boys showed an opposite trend. After controlling age, the prediction models of reading performance for the girls mainly included interhemispheric connections, while the intrahemispheric connections (particularly the phonological route) mainly contributed to predicting the reading ability for boys. Taken together, these findings suggest that sex differences in reading neural networks are modulated by age. Partialling out age, boys and girls also show the stable sex differences in relationship between reading neural circuit and reading behaviour. Sex differences in reading neural networks are modulated by age. Girls’ RSFCs within reading neural networks increase with age, contrary to boys. Intra- and interhemispheric RSFCs predict the reading ability of boys and girls, respectively.
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49
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Kartushina N, Oshchepkova E, Almazova O, Bukhalenkova D. The Use of Peabody Tool in the Assessment of Passive Vocabulary in Preschoolers. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ 2022. [DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
<p style="text-align: justify;">The purpose of this study was to evaluate the experience of using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary tool to assess receptive vocabulary in preschoolers. The study involved 619 Russian-speaking children aged 3–7 years (M=67.80, SD=13.73), 48.3% of whom were boys. The Peabody Picture Vocabulary test-IV (form A) was used in the study. The article analyzed differences between children of different age groups from 3.5 to 7.5 years with a step of six months. It was found that there were significant differences in the ceiling items, the total number of errors, and the raw scores in children of different age groups. No gender differences were found. An analysis of the children's performance of series and individual tasks showed that the complexity of the tasks was unevenly distributed. As a result, the methodology in its current form does not work quite as it was intended by its creators: Moscow preschoolers go through a lot of series and spend a lot of time on the implementation of the methodology, which is due to differences in the lexical systems between Russian and English. In this regard, the tool is not optimal for use in its current form; the authors of the article propose to design a local tool for the assessment of the receptive vocabulary in Russian preschoolers.</p>
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Nishimura T, Kato T, Okumura A, Harada T, Iwabuchi T, Rahman MS, Hirota T, Takahashi M, Adachi M, Kuwabara H, Takagai S, Nomura Y, Takahashi N, Senju A, Tsuchiya KJ. Trajectories of Adaptive Behaviors During Childhood in Females and Males in the General Population. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:817383. [PMID: 35401255 PMCID: PMC8983934 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.817383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the trajectory patterns and sex differences in adaptive behaviors in the general population. We examined the trajectory classes of adaptive behaviors using a representative sample and examined whether the class structure and trajectory patterns differed between females and males. We further explored sex differences in neurodevelopmental traits in each latent class. Participants (n = 994) were children in the Hamamatsu Birth Cohort for Mothers and Children (HBC Study)-a prospective birth cohort study. Adaptive behaviors in each domain of communication, daily living skills, and socialization were evaluated at five time points when participants were 2.7, 3.5, 4.5, 6, and 9 years old using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales-Second Edition. Parallel process multigroup latent class growth analysis extracted sex-specific trajectory classes. Neurodevelopmental traits of children at age 9, autistic traits, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits, and cognitive ability were examined for females and males in each identified class. A 4-class model demonstrated the best fit. Moreover, a 4-class model that allowed for differences in class probabilities and means of growth parameters between females and males provided a better fit than a model assuming no sex differences. In the communication domain, females scored higher than their male counterparts in all four classes. In the daily living skills and socialization domains, the two higher adaptive classes (Class 1: females, 18.6%; males, 17.8%; Class 2: females, 48.8%; males, 49.8%) had similar trajectories for males and females, whereas in the two lower adaptive behavior classes (Class 3: females, 27.5%; males, 29.4%; Class 4: females, 5.1%; males, 3.0%), females had higher adaptive scores than their male counterparts. In Class 4, females were more likely to have autistic and ADHD traits exceeding the cutoffs, while males were more likely to have below-average IQ. Different trajectories in females and males suggest that adaptive skills may require adjustment based on the sex of the child, when standardizing scores, in order to achieve better early detection of skill impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nishimura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Akemi Okumura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Taeko Harada
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Toshiki Iwabuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Md Shafiur Rahman
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirota
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Michio Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Adachi
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kuwabara
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shu Takagai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nagahide Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Senju
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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