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Chen X, Liu Q, Fan L. Effects of thoracic paravertebral block combined with s-ketamine on postoperative pain and cognitive function after thoracoscopic surgery. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12231. [PMID: 36578415 PMCID: PMC9791821 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the effects of thoracic paravertebral block and s-ketamine on postoperative pain and perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Methods Patients (n = 120) aged 45-65 undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were allocated randomly into the following three groups: patients in the C group received general anaesthesia; patients in the thoracic paravertebral block group, i.e. the TP group, received general anaesthesia and ultrasound-guided paravertebral block; and patients in the s-ketamine combined with ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block group, i.e. the TS group, received combined anaesthesia, which was administered as follows: general anaesthesia + ultrasound-guided paravertebral block + perioperative s-ketamine (a bolus of 0.3 mg/kg, followed by an infusion of 0.2 mg/kg/h until 30 min before the end of the surgical procedure). Results Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination 1 day preoperatively, 1 day postoperatively, and 3 months postoperatively. Z-score was used to determine the incidence of PND. Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale at 0.5 and 24 h postoperatively. The use of opioid drugs, intraoperative vital signs, and other secondary outcomes were also recorded. The final analysis included a total of 110 patients. The intraoperative heart rate and mean arterial pressure in the TS and TP groups were lower than that for group C (P<0.05). After surgery, patients in the TS group exhibited significantly lower pain scores at 0.5 h and 24 h (P<0.001 and P = 0.004,respectively) as well as significantly lower rates of postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pulmonary complications (P<0.05). The incidence of PND in the TP and TS groups was lower than those who received general anaesthesia. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of PND between the TP and TS groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Ultrasound-guided paravertebral nerve block combined with s-ketamine decreased acute postoperative pain and improved the quality of recovery. However, perioperative s-ketamine did not improve cognitive function in patients under general anaesthesia with thoracic paravertebral block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
| | - Qinshuang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Long Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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2
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Oladokun S, Adewole DI. Biomarkers of heat stress and mechanism of heat stress response in Avian species: Current insights and future perspectives from poultry science. J Therm Biol 2022; 110:103332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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3
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Age and sex influence the response in lipid metabolism of dehydrated Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9164. [PMID: 35655069 PMCID: PMC9163080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11587-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated a decrease in thirst sensation, which makes old people more susceptible to dehydration. Dehydration produces energy metabolism alterations. Our objective was to determinate the effect of water deprivation (WD) in the lipid metabolism of old male and female rats. Here we show that in the state of WD, aging and sex alters retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (R-WAT) weight of rats, WD old female rats had more lipolysis products than old male rats, a sexual dimorphism in the hormonal response related with metabolism of the adipose tissue of old rats during WD, the expression of P-para mRNA in R-WAT did not present any alteration in animals submitted to WD, the expression of Aqp7 mRNA in R-WAT is altered by WD, age, and sex. Also, WD stimulated an increase in the plasma concentration of oxytocin and the expression of mRNA of the oxytocin receptors in R-WAT.
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4
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Tesic V, Ciric J, Jovanovic Macura I, Zogovic N, Milanovic D, Kanazir S, Perovic M. Corticosterone and Glucocorticoid Receptor in the Cortex of Rats during Aging-The Effects of Long-Term Food Restriction. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124526. [PMID: 34960078 PMCID: PMC8703853 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous beneficial effects of food restriction on aging and age-related pathologies are well documented. It is also well-established that both short- and long-term food restriction regimens induce elevated circulating levels of glucocorticoids, stress-induced hormones produced by adrenal glands that can also exert deleterious effects on the brain. In the present study, we examined the effect of long-term food restriction on the glucocorticoid hormone/glucocorticoid receptor (GR) system in the cortex during aging, in 18- and 24-month-old rats. Corticosterone level was increased in the cortex of aged ad libitum-fed rats. Food restriction induced its further increase, accompanied with an increase in the level of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. However, alterations in the level of GR phosphorylated at Ser232 were not detected in animals on food restriction, in line with unaltered CDK5 level, the decrease of Hsp90, and an increase in a negative regulator of GR function, FKBP51. Moreover, our data revealed that reduced food intake prevented age-related increase in the levels of NFκB, gfap, and bax, confirming its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Along with an increase in the levels of c-fos, our study provides additional evidences that food restriction affects cortical responsiveness to glucocorticoids during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Tesic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (J.C.); (I.J.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Jelena Ciric
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (J.C.); (I.J.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Irena Jovanovic Macura
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (J.C.); (I.J.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Nevena Zogovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Desanka Milanovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (J.C.); (I.J.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.)
| | - Selma Kanazir
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (J.C.); (I.J.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Milka Perovic
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bul. despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (V.T.); (J.C.); (I.J.M.); (D.M.); (M.P.)
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5
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Involvement of Ghrelin Dynamics in Stress-Induced Eating Disorder: Effects of Sex and Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111695. [PMID: 34769125 PMCID: PMC8583769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress, a factor that affects appetite in our daily lives, enhances or suppresses appetite and changes palatability. However, so far, the mechanisms underlying the link between stress and eating have not been fully elucidated. Among the peripherally produced appetite-related peptides, ghrelin is the only orexigenic peptide, and abnormalities in the dynamics and reactivity of this peptide are involved in appetite abnormalities in various diseases and psychological states. This review presents an overview of the research results of studies evaluating the effects of various stresses on appetite. The first half of this review describes the relationship between appetite and stress, and the second half describes the relationship between the appetite-promoting peptide ghrelin and stress. The effects of sex differences and aging under stress on appetite are also described.
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6
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Vallejo L, Zapater-Fajarí M, Montoliu T, Puig-Perez S, Nacher J, Hidalgo V, Salvador A. No Effects of Acute Psychosocial Stress on Working Memory in Older People With Type 2 Diabetes. Front Psychol 2021; 11:596584. [PMID: 33584433 PMCID: PMC7874042 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.596584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been considered a public health threat due to its growing prevalence, particularly in the older population. It is important to know the effects of psychosocial stress and its potential consequences for some basic cognitive processes that are important in daily life. Currently, there is very little information about how people with T2D face acute psychosocial stressors, and even less about how their response affects working memory (WM), which is essential for their functionality and independence. Our aim was to characterize the response to an acute laboratory psychosocial stressor and its effects on WM in older people with T2D. Fifty participants with T2D from 52 to 77 years old were randomly assigned to a stress (12 men and 12 women) or control (12 men and 14 women) condition. Mood and physiological (cortisol, C, and salivary alpha-amylase, sAA) responses to tasks were measured. In addition, participants completed a WM test before and after the stress or control task. Our results showed that the TSST elicited higher negative affect and greater C and sAA responses than the control task. No significant differences in WM were observed depending on the exposure to stress or the control task. Finally, participants who showed higher C and sAA responses to the stressor had lower WM performance. Our results indicate that medically treated older adults with T2D show clear, typical mood and physiological responses to an acute psychosocial stressor. Finally, the lack of acute psychosocial stress effects on WM suggests that it could be related to aging and not to this disease, at least when T2D is adequately treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Vallejo
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and University Institute for Research in Psychology of Human Resources, Organizational Development and Quality of Work Life (IDOCAL), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariola Zapater-Fajarí
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and University Institute for Research in Psychology of Human Resources, Organizational Development and Quality of Work Life (IDOCAL), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Montoliu
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and University Institute for Research in Psychology of Human Resources, Organizational Development and Quality of Work Life (IDOCAL), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Puig-Perez
- Department of Health Sciences, Valencian International University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Nacher
- Valencian (VLC) Campus Research Microcluster "Technologies of Information and Control Applied to the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetes," University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental: Spanish National Network of Research in Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and University Institute for Research in Psychology of Human Resources, Organizational Development and Quality of Work Life (IDOCAL), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,II Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychobiology and University Institute for Research in Psychology of Human Resources, Organizational Development and Quality of Work Life (IDOCAL), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Valencian (VLC) Campus Research Microcluster "Technologies of Information and Control Applied to the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Diabetes," University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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7
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Nguyen ET, Selmanovic D, Maltry M, Morano R, Franco-Villanueva A, Estrada CM, Solomon MB. Endocrine stress responsivity and social memory in 3xTg-AD female and male mice: A tale of two experiments. Horm Behav 2020; 126:104852. [PMID: 32949555 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stress confers risk for the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Relative to men, women are disproportionately more likely to be diagnosed with this neurodegenerative disease. We hypothesized that sex differences in endocrine stress responsiveness may be a factor in this statistic. To test this hypothesis, we assessed basal and stress-induced corticosterone, social recognition, and coat state deterioration (surrogate for depression-like behavior) in male and female 3xTg-AD mice. Prior to reported amyloid plaque deposition, 3xTg females (4 months), but not 3xTg males, had heightened corticosterone responses to restraint exposure. Subsequently, only 3xTg females (6 months) displayed deficits in social memory concomitant with prominent β-amyloid (Aβ) immunostaining. These data suggest that elevated corticosterone stress responses may precede cognitive impairments in genetically vulnerable females. 3xTg mice of both sexes exhibited coat state deterioration relative to same-sex controls. Corticolimbic glucocorticoid receptor (GR) dysfunction is associated with glucocorticoid hypersecretion and cognitive impairment. Our findings indicate sex- and brain-region specific effects of genotype on hippocampal and amygdala GR protein expression. Because olfactory deficits may impede social recognition, in Experiment 2, we assessed olfaction and found no differences between genotypes. Notably, in this cohort, heightened corticosterone stress responses in 3xTg females was not accompanied by social memory deficits or coat state deterioration. However, coat state deterioration was consistent in 3xTg males. We report consistent heightened stress-induced corticosterone levels and Aβ pathology in female 3xTg-AD mice. However, the behavioral findings illuminate unknown inconsistencies in certain phenotypes in this AD mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Din Selmanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marissa Maltry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rachel Morano
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ana Franco-Villanueva
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christina M Estrada
- Experimental Psychology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matia B Solomon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Experimental Psychology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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8
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Quirós Cognuck S, Reis WL, Silva M, Debarba LK, Mecawi AS, de Paula FJ, Rodrigues Franci C, Elias LL, Antunes‐Rodrigues J. Sex differences in body composition, metabolism-related hormones, and energy homeostasis during aging in Wistar rats. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14597. [PMID: 33075214 PMCID: PMC7571994 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging affects the body composition and balance of energy metabolism. Here, we collected in a single work several physiological parameters to show how aging and sex differences can influence energy homeostasis. Body mass index (BMI), Lee index, glucose tolerance, glycemia, and lipidogram in fasting were measured in male and female Wistar rats at the ages of 2, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months. We also measured the lipid profile, free fatty acids, glycerol, glycemia, leptin, adiponectin, insulin, corticosterone (CORT), prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulated hormone, and triiodothyronine (T3) in 3- and 18-month-old rats of both sexes, fed ad libitum. Animals were classified as obese beginning at 2 months in males and 6 months in females. Aged male rats showed hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance compared to young males and old females. In the ad libitum condition, the 18-month males presented higher serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and free fatty acids than females. The 18-month-old females had higher PRL and CORT concentration than males, but insulin and T3 were higher in 18-month-old males than females. Our work demonstrated that aging processes on energy metabolism in rats is sex specific, with a better lipid profile and glucose tolerance in aged females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Quirós Cognuck
- Physiology DepartmentRibeirao Preto Medicine School, University of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto, Sao PauloBrazil
| | - Wagner L. Reis
- Department of Physiological ScienceCenter of Biological SciencesFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolosBrazil
| | - Marcia Silva
- Physiology DepartmentRibeirao Preto Medicine School, University of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto, Sao PauloBrazil
| | - Lucas K. Debarba
- Physiology DepartmentRibeirao Preto Medicine School, University of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto, Sao PauloBrazil
| | - Andre S. Mecawi
- Laboratory of NeuroendocrinologyDepartment of BiophysicsEscola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil
| | - Francisco J.A. de Paula
- Medical Clinic DepartmentRibeirao Preto Medicine SchoolUniversity of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto, Sao PauloBrazil
| | - Celso Rodrigues Franci
- Physiology DepartmentRibeirao Preto Medicine School, University of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto, Sao PauloBrazil
| | - Lucila L.K. Elias
- Physiology DepartmentRibeirao Preto Medicine School, University of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto, Sao PauloBrazil
| | - Jose Antunes‐Rodrigues
- Physiology DepartmentRibeirao Preto Medicine School, University of Sao PauloRibeirao Preto, Sao PauloBrazil
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9
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Quirós Cognuck S, Reis WL, Silva MS, Almeida-Pereira G, Debarba LK, Zorro SV, Mecawi AS, Franci CR, Elias LLK, Antunes-Rodrigues J. Sex- and age-dependent differences in the hormone and drinking responses to water deprivation. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R567-R578. [PMID: 31967852 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00303.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the volume and osmolality of body fluids is important, and the adaptive responses recruited to protect against osmotic stress are crucial for survival. The objective of this work was to compare the responses that occur in aging male and female rats during water deprivation. For this purpose, groups of male and female Wistar rats aged 3 mo (adults) or 18 mo (old) were submitted to water deprivation (WD) for 48 h. The water and sodium (0.15 M NaCl) intake, plasma concentrations of oxytocin (OT), arginine vasopressin (AVP), corticosterone (CORT), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and angiotensin II (ANG II) were determined in hydrated and water-deprived animals. In response to WD, old male and female rats drank less water and saline than adults, and both adult and old females drank more water and saline than respective males. Dehydrated old animals displayed lower ANG II plasma concentration and CORT response compared with the respective normohydrated rats. Dehydrated adult males had higher plasma ANP and AVP as well as lower CORT concentrations than dehydrated adult females. Moreover, plasma OT and CORT levels of old female rats were higher than those in the dehydrated old male rats. Relative expression of ANG II type 1 receptor mRNA was decreased in the subfornical organ of adult and old male rats as well as adult female rats in response to WD. In conclusion, the study elucidated the effect of sex and age on responses induced by WD, altering the degree of dehydration induced by 48 h of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Quirós Cognuck
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Reis
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia S Silva
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Almeida-Pereira
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas K Debarba
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra V Zorro
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - André S Mecawi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso R Franci
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucila L K Elias
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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10
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Hidalgo V, Almela M, Villada C, van der Meij L, Salvador A. Verbal performance during stress in healthy older people: Influence of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and cortisol reactivity. Biol Psychol 2019; 149:107786. [PMID: 31639406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The impact of stress on the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) response in older population is understudied. This study investigated, in healthy older people, whether the DHEA and cortisol responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) was related to performance on this task. Both speech (rated by committee and self-rated) and arithmetic (number of mistakes) performance were assessed. Sixty-five participants (55-77 years old) were exposed to the TSST. Increases in negative affect, state anxiety, and cortisol levels could be observed, but there were no significant changes in positive affect or DHEA levels. Interestingly, a larger DHEA response was related to better verbal performance after controlling for the cortisol's reactivity. No relationships were found between hormonal responses and the arithmetic task performance. Our results suggest that, in healthy older people, an increase in DHEA levels in response to acute psychosocial stress may help them to cope with this stressor by increasing verbal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Hidalgo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain; Aragon Health Research Institute, Zaragoza, Spain; Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Almela
- Health Department, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Villada
- Laboratory of Psychophysiology, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurobiology, Institute of Neurobiology, UNAM, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Leander van der Meij
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Kovács LÁ, Berta G, Csernus V, Ujvári B, Füredi N, Gaszner B. Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-Producing Cells in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus and Extended Amygdala Show Age-Dependent FOS and FOSB/DeltaFOSB Immunoreactivity in Acute and Chronic Stress Models in the Rat. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:274. [PMID: 31649527 PMCID: PMC6794369 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) immunoreactive (ir) neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) play pivotal role in the coordination of stress response. CRF-producing cells in the central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) and oval division of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNSTov) are also involved in stress adaptation and mood control. Immediate early gene products, subunits of the transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1) are commonly used as acute (FOS) and/or chronic (FOSB/deltaFOSB) markers for the neuronal activity in stress research. It is well known that the course of aging affects stress adaptation, but little is known about the aging-related stress sensitivity of CRF neurons. To the best of our knowledge, the stress-induced neuronal activity of CRF neurons in the course of aging in acute and chronic stress models was not studied systematically yet. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to quantify the acute restraint stress (ARS) and chronic variable mild stress (CVMS) evoked neuronal activity in CRF cells of the PVN, CeA, and BNSTov using triple-label immunofluorescence throughout the whole lifespan in the rat. We hypothesized that the FOS and FOSB content of CRF cells upon ARS or CVMS decreases with age. Our results showed that the FOS and FOSB response to ARS declined with age in the PVN-CRF cells. BNSTov and CeA CRF cells did not show remarkable stress-induced elevation of these markers neither in ARS, nor in CVMS. Exposure to CVMS resulted in an age-independent significant increase of FOSB/delta FOSB immunosignal in PVN-CRF neurons. Unexpectedly, we detected a remarkable stress-independent FOSB/deltaFOSB signal in CeA- and BNSTov-CRF cells that declined with the course of aging. In summary, PVN-CRF cells show decreasing acute stress sensitivity (i.e., FOS and FOSB immunoreactivity) with the course of aging, while their (FOSB/deltaFOSB) responsivity to chronic challenge is maintained till senescence. Stress exposure does not affect the occurrence of the examined Fos gene products in CeA- and BNSTov-CRF cells remarkably suggesting that their contribution to stress adaptation response does not require AP1-controlled transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Á Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Centre for Neuroscience, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Valér Csernus
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ujvári
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Centre for Neuroscience, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Füredi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Centre for Neuroscience, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary.,Centre for Neuroscience, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
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12
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Nucleus–cytoplasm cross‐talk in the aging brain. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:247-261. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Acute psychosocial stress effects on memory performance: Relevance of age and sex. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 157:48-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Powrie YSL, Smith C. Central intracrine DHEA synthesis in ageing-related neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration: therapeutic potential? J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:289. [PMID: 30326923 PMCID: PMC6192186 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is a well-known fact that DHEA declines on ageing and that it is linked to ageing-related neurodegeneration, which is characterised by gradual cognitive decline. Although DHEA is also associated with inflammation in the periphery, the link between DHEA and neuroinflammation in this context is less clear. This review drew from different bodies of literature to provide a more comprehensive picture of peripheral vs central endocrine shifts with advanced age—specifically in terms of DHEA. From this, we have formulated the hypothesis that DHEA decline is also linked to neuroinflammation and that increased localised availability of DHEA may have both therapeutic and preventative benefit to limit neurodegeneration. We provide a comprehensive discussion of literature on the potential for extragonadal DHEA synthesis by neuroglial cells and reflect on the feasibility of therapeutic manipulation of localised, central DHEA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S L Powrie
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - C Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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15
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Smith AM, Dijkstra K, Gordon LT, Romero LM, Thomas AK. An investigation into the impact of acute stress on encoding in older adults. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2018; 26:749-766. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2018.1524438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Smith
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Katinka Dijkstra
- Department of Psychology, Education, and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Desantis LM, Bowman J, Vijayan MM, Burness G. Seasonal changes in acute stressor-mediated plasma glucocorticoid regulation in New World flying squirrels. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 266:78-86. [PMID: 29763585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Southern flying squirrels have higher circulating cortisol levels than most vertebrates. However, regulation of tissue exposure to cortisol by the hormone's carrier protein, corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), appears to be altered due to lower-than-expected CBG expression levels, and a reduced affinity for cortisol. To assess the capacity of flying squirrels to regulate acute stress-mediated cortisol levels, we used the dexamethasone (DEX) suppression test followed by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test in both the breeding and non-breeding seasons, and quantified resultant changes in plasma cortisol and relative CBG levels. Regulation of cortisol via negative feedback, and the acute stress response appeared to function as they do in other vertebrates during the breeding season, but response to DEX in the non-breeding season showed that the sensitivity of the negative feedback mechanism changed across seasons. The relatively high concentrations of DEX required to induce negative feedback suggests that southern flying squirrels have a reduced sensitivity to cortisol compared with other vertebrates, and that high circulating cortisol levels may be required to compensate for low target tissue responsiveness in this species. Cortisol, but not CBG levels, were higher during the non-breeding than breeding season, and females had higher cortisol and CBG levels than males. Our data suggest that flying squirrel cortisol levels are regulated by negative feedback at a higher set point than in related species. Seasonal changes in cortisol levels, target tissue sensitivity to DEX, and in the capacity to respond to stressors appear to be part of the underlying physiology of southern flying squirrels, and may be required to maximize fitness in the face of tradeoffs between survival and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanna M Desantis
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada.
| | - Jeff Bowman
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, DNA Building, Peterborough, ON K9J 0G2, Canada
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON K9L 0G2, Canada
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17
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Rapley SA, Prickett TCR, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Espiner EA. Environmental Enrichment Elicits a Transient Rise of Bioactive C-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Young but Not Aged Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:142. [PMID: 30072880 PMCID: PMC6060231 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial molecular and neuroplastic changes have been demonstrated in response to environmental enrichment (EE) in laboratory animals across the lifespan. Here, we investigated whether these effects extend to C-type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP), a widely expressed neuropeptide with putative involvement in neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, anxiety, and learning and memory. We determined the CNP response in 36 young (8-9 months) and 36 aged (22-23 months) male PVGc hooded rats that were rehoused with new cage mates in either standard laboratory cages or EE for periods of 14 or 28 days. Tissues were rapidly excised from four brain regions associated with memory formation (dorsal hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, and mammillary bodies) plus the occipital cortex and hypothalamus, and immediately frozen. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure bioactive CNP and the amino-terminal fragment of proCNP, NTproCNP. Because CNP but not NTproCNP is rapidly degraded at source, NTproCNP reflects CNP production whereas the ratio NTproCNP:CNP is a biomarker of CNP's local degradation rate. EE increased CNP at 14 days in all brain regions in young, but not old rats; this effect in young rats was lost at 28 days in all regions of interest. NTproCNP:CNP ratio, but not NTproCNP, was reduced in all regions by EE at 14 days in young rats, but not in old rats, which suggests a period of reduced degradation or receptor mediated clearance, rather than increased production of CNP in these young EE rats. Aged rats tended to show reduced NTproCNP:CNP ratios but this did not occur in dorsal hippocampus or mammillary bodies. This is the first study demonstrating modulation of CNP protein concentrations, and the effect of age, in response to environmental stimulation. Furthermore, it is the first to show that changes in degradation rate in vivo may be an important component in determining CNP bioactivity in neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A. Rapley
- Brain Research New Zealand and Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Eric A. Espiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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18
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Smith AM, Thomas AK. Reducing the Consequences of Acute Stress on Memory Retrieval. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN MEMORY AND COGNITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jarmac.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Koenig S, Bredehöft J, Perniss A, Fuchs F, Roth J, Rummel C. Age Dependent Hypothalamic and Pituitary Responses to Novel Environment Stress or Lipopolysaccharide in Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:55. [PMID: 29615881 PMCID: PMC5868128 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have shown that the transcription factor nuclear factor interleukin (NF-IL)6 can be used as an activation marker for inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced and psychological novel environment stress (NES) in the rat brain. Here, we aimed to investigate age dependent changes of hypothalamic and pituitary responses to NES (cage switch) or LPS (100 μg/kg) in 2 and 24 months old rats. Animals were sacrificed at specific time points, blood and brains withdrawn and analyzed using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and bioassays. In the old rats, telemetric recording revealed that NES-induced hyperthermia was enhanced and prolonged compared to the young group. Plasma IL-6 levels remained unchanged and hypothalamic IL-6 mRNA expression was increased in the old rats. Interestingly, this response was accompanied by a significant upregulation of corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA expression only in young rats after NES and overall higher plasma corticosterone levels in all aged animals. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant upregulation of NF-IL6-positive cells in the pituitary after NES or LPS-injection. In another important brain structure implicated in immune-to-brain communication, namely, in the median eminence (ME), NF-IL6-immunoreactivity was increased in aged animals, while the young group showed just minor activation after LPS-stimulation. Interestingly, we found a higher amount of NF-IL6-CD68-positive cells in the posterior pituitary of old rats compared to the young counterparts. Moreover, aging affected the regulation of cytokine interaction in the anterior pituitary lobe. LPS-treatment significantly enhanced the secretion of the cytokines IL-6 and TNFα into supernatants of primary cell cultures of the anterior pituitary. Furthermore, in the young rats, incubation with IL-6 and IL-10 antibodies before LPS-stimulation led to a robust decrease of IL-6 production and an increase of TNFα production by the pituitary cells. In the old rats, this specific cytokine interaction could not be detected. Overall, the present results revealed strong differences in the activation patterns and pathways between old and young rats after both stressors. The prolonged hyperthermic and inflammatory response seen in aged animals seems to be linked to dysregulated pituitary cytokine interactions and brain cell activation (NF-IL6) in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Koenig
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Janne Bredehöft
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Perniss
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fuchs
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Marburg Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior-MCMBB, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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20
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Goncharova ND, Oganyan TE. Age-related differences in stress responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of nonhuman primates with various types of adaptive behavior. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 258:163-172. [PMID: 28789856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by disturbances in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, associated with disturbances in the adaptation processes and increase of the probability of the onset of post-stress syndrome. However, the individual features of age-related disorders stress reactivity of HPA axis have not been studied. The purpose was to study individual characteristics of the HPA axis responsiveness to acute psycho-emotional stress exposure (restraint, ASE) at different age periods on the model of the young adult and old physically healthy female rhesus monkeys that differ in their behavioral responses to stress, i.e., with depression-like and anxiety-like behavior (DAB) on the one hand and healthy standard (control) adaptive behavior (SB) on the other hand. No significant intergroup differences were observed in HPA axis responses to ASE in young animals. During aging the monkeys with SB showed reduced ACTH response to the ASE, whereas the monkeys with DAB demonstrated its increase. The old animals with DAB in response to ASE demonstrated the most pronounced HPA axis disorders, such as the highest levels of corticotrophin (ACTH), the lowest levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), reduced cortisol (F) levels and the highest values of the F/DHEAS molar ratio. The ratio F/DHEAS positively correlates with the malondialdehyde concentration in erythrocytes that is considered as the biomarker of oxidative stress. Thus, these data allow us to consider the old monkeys with DAB as individuals with higher vulnerability to the adverse effects of ASE. In addition, depression-like and anxiety-like behavior of aged primates under mild/moderate stress along with reduced DHEAS plasma concentration and increased values of F/DHEAS ratio can be used to identify individuals with increased vulnerability to ASE and accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda D Goncharova
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Research Institute of Medical Primatology, 177 Mira Street, Veseloye, Adler, Sochi 354376, Russia.
| | - Tamara E Oganyan
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Research Institute of Medical Primatology, 177 Mira Street, Veseloye, Adler, Sochi 354376, Russia
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21
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Emerging role of amyloid beta in stress response: Implication for depression and diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 817:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Anderson RM, Glanz RM, Johnson SB, Miller MM, Romig-Martin SA, Radley JJ. Prolonged corticosterone exposure induces dendritic spine remodeling and attrition in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. J Comp Neurol 2016; 524:3729-3746. [PMID: 27113541 PMCID: PMC5063662 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The stress-responsive hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis plays a central role in promoting adaptations acutely, whereas adverse effects on physiology and behavior following chronic challenges may result from overactivity of this system. Elevations in glucocorticoids, the end-products of HPA activation, play roles in adaptive and maladaptive processes by targeting cognate receptors throughout neurons in limbic cortical networks to alter synaptic functioning. Because previous work has shown that chronic stress leads to functionally relevant regressive alterations in dendritic spine shape and number in pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), this study examines the capacity of sustained increases in circulating corticosterone (B) alone to alter dendritic spine morphology and density in this region. Subcutaneous B pellets were implanted in rats to provide continuous exposure to levels approximating the circadian mean or peak of the steroid for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic area of the mPFC were selected for intracellular fluorescent dye filling, followed by high-resolution three-dimensional imaging and analysis of dendritic arborization and spine morphometry. Two or more weeks of B exposure decreased dendritic spine volume in the mPFC, whereas higher dose exposure of the steroid resulted in apical dendritic retraction and spine loss in the same cell population, with thin spine subtypes showing the greatest degree of attrition. Finally, these structural alterations were noted to persist following a 3-week washout period and corresponding restoration of circadian HPA rhythmicity. These studies suggest that prolonged disruptions in adrenocortical functioning may be sufficient to induce enduring regressive structural and functional alterations in the mPFC. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3729-3746, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Anderson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Ryan M Glanz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Shane B Johnson
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Mary M Miller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Sara A Romig-Martin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Jason J Radley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242.
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23
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Varga J, Ferenczi S, Kovács KJ, Csáno Á, Prokopova B, Jezova D, Zelena D. Dissociation of adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone as well as aldosterone secretion during stress of hypoglycemia in vasopressin-deficient rats. Life Sci 2016; 166:66-74. [PMID: 27744052 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- János Varga
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary
| | - Szilamér Ferenczi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary
| | - Krisztina J Kovács
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Csáno
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Prokopova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Jezova
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, BMC, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Department of Behavioral Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Szigony 43, Hungary.
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24
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Spencer RL, Deak T. A users guide to HPA axis research. Physiol Behav 2016; 178:43-65. [PMID: 27871862 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones (cortisol and corticosterone - CORT) are the effector hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis neuroendocrine system. CORT is a systemic intercellular signal whose level predictably varies with time of day and dynamically increases with environmental and psychological stressors. This hormonal signal is utilized by virtually every cell and physiological system of the body to optimize performance according to circadian, environmental and physiological demands. Disturbances in normal HPA axis activity profiles are associated with a wide variety of physiological and mental health disorders. Despite numerous studies to date that have identified molecular, cellular and systems-level glucocorticoid actions, new glucocorticoid actions and clinical status associations continue to be revealed at a brisk pace in the scientific literature. However, the breadth of investigators working in this area poses distinct challenges in ensuring common practices across investigators, and a full appreciation for the complexity of a system that is often reduced to a single dependent measure. This Users Guide is intended to provide a fundamental overview of conceptual, technical and practical knowledge that will assist individuals who engage in and evaluate HPA axis research. We begin with examination of the anatomical and hormonal components of the HPA axis and their physiological range of operation. We then examine strategies and best practices for systematic manipulation and accurate measurement of HPA axis activity. We feature use of experimental methods that will assist with better understanding of CORT's physiological actions, especially as those actions impact subsequent brain function. This research approach is instrumental for determining the mechanisms by which alterations of HPA axis function may contribute to pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Spencer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Terrence Deak
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University - SUNY, Binghamton, NY, USA
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25
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Glucocorticoid receptor translocation and expression of relevant genes in the hippocampus of adolescent and adult male rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 73:32-41. [PMID: 27448526 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether pre-pubertal (postnatal day [P] 35) and post-pubertal adolescent (P45) and adult (P75) male rats differed in stressor-induced hormonal responses and in glucocorticoid receptor (GR) translocation because it has been proposed that negative feedback is maturing in adolescence and may be a basis for the prolonged activation of the HPA axis in adolescents compared with adults. The three age groups did not differ at baseline in plasma corticosterone or progesterone concentrations, and P35 had lower concentrations of testosterone than did both P45 and P75 rats, which did not differ. After 30min of restraint stress, plasma concentrations of corticosterone and progesterone increased to a greater extent in the adolescents than in the adults. Whereas restraint stress increased concentrations of testosterone in adult males, concentrations decreased in adolescents. In all three age groups, restraint stress reduced GR expression in the cytosol and increased expression in the nucleus within the hippocampus, and the increase in nuclear GR was greater in pre-pubertal adolescents compared with adults. In a separate set of rats we investigated age differences in hippocampal mRNA expression of corticosteroid receptors (MR and GR) and of chaperones (FKBP5, FKBP4, BAG-1), which are known to modulate their activity, at baseline and after restraint stress. Restraint stress decreased the expression of GR and increased the expression of FKBP5 mRNA, and age was not a significant factor. Higher expression of FKBP4 mRNA was found at P35 than at P75. Most research of HPA function in adolescent rats has involved pre-pubertal rats; the present findings indicate that despite their increase in gonadal function, responses to stressors in P45 rats are more like those of pre-pubertal than adult rats. The greater stressor-induced GR translocation in pre-pubertal adolescents parallels their greater release of corticosterone in response to stressors, which may contribute to the enhanced sensitivity of adolescent rats to the effects of chronic stress exposures compared with adults.
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26
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de la Tremblaye PB, Linares NN, Schock S, Plamondon H. Activation of CRHR1 receptors regulates social and depressive-like behaviors and expression of BDNF and TrkB in mesocorticolimbic regions following global cerebral ischemia. Exp Neurol 2016; 284:84-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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27
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Romeo RD, Patel R, Pham L, So VM. Adolescence and the ontogeny of the hormonal stress response in male and female rats and mice. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:206-216. [PMID: 27235079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent development is marked by many changes in neuroendocrine function, resulting in both immediate and long-term influences on an individual's physiology and behavior. Stress-induced hormonal responses are one such change, with adolescent animals often showing different patterns of hormonal reactivity following a stressor compared with adults. This review will describe the unique ways in which adolescent animals respond to a variety of stressors and how these adolescent-related changes in hormonal responsiveness can be further modified by the sex and previous experience of the individual. Potential central and peripheral mechanisms that contribute to these developmental shifts in stress reactivity are also discussed. Finally, the short- and long-term programming effects of chronic stress exposure during adolescence on later adult hormonal responsiveness are also examined. Though far from a clear understanding of the neurobehavioral consequences of these adolescent-related shifts in stress reactivity, continued study of developmental changes in stress-induced hormonal responses may shed light on the increased vulnerability to physical and psychological dysfunctions that often accompany a stressful adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell D Romeo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States.
| | - Ravenna Patel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Laurie Pham
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Veronica M So
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience and Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
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Abstract
The hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is responsible for stimulation of adrenal corticosteroids in response to stress. Negative feedback control by corticosteroids limits pituitary secretion of corticotropin, ACTH, and hypothalamic secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone, CRH, and vasopressin, AVP, resulting in regulation of both basal and stress-induced ACTH secretion. The negative feedback effect of corticosteroids occurs by action of corticosteroids at mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and/or glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) located in multiple sites in the brain and in the pituitary. The mechanisms of negative feedback vary according to the receptor type and location within the brain-hypothalmo-pituitary axis. A very rapid nongenomic action has been demonstrated for GR action on CRH neurons in the hypothalamus, and somewhat slower nongenomic effects are observed in the pituitary or other brain sites mediated by GR and/or MR. Corticosteroids also have genomic actions, including repression of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene in the pituitary and CRH and AVP genes in the hypothalamus. The rapid effect inhibits stimulated secretion, but requires a rapidly rising corticosteroid concentration. The more delayed inhibitory effect on stimulated secretion is dependent on the intensity of the stimulus and the magnitude of the corticosteroid feedback signal, but also the neuroanatomical pathways responsible for activating the HPA. The pathways for activation of some stressors may partially bypass hypothalamic feedback sites at the CRH neuron, whereas others may not involve forebrain sites; therefore, some physiological stressors may override or bypass negative feedback, and other psychological stressors may facilitate responses to subsequent stress.
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29
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Effects of aging on stress-related responses of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of male rats. Neurobiol Stress 2016; 3:43-51. [PMID: 27981176 PMCID: PMC5146197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Responses to various stressors in the brain change with age. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying age-dependent changes in stress responses. It is known that serotonin, a stress-related transmitter, is closely related with the regulation of stress responses in the brain and that serotonergic function is modulated by various factors, including estrogen, in both sexes. In the present study, to elucidate the effects of aging on stress responses in serotonergic neurons, we examined the expression levels of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH; a marker of serotonergic neurons) in the dorsal, ventral and lateral parts of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in young and old intact male rats. In young males, repeated restraint stress significantly increased the number of TPH-positive cells in all subdivisions of the DRN. In contrast, the stress-induced increase in TPH expression was only observed in the ventral part of the DRN in old males. Pretreatment with an estrogen receptor β antagonist had no effect on the number of TPH-positive cells in the dorsal and lateral DRN in young stressed males, whereas the antagonist decreased the number of TPH-positive cells in all DRN subdivisions in old stressed males. Our results suggest that the effects of repeated stress exposure on the expression of TPH in serotonergic neurons in the DRN change with age and that estrogenic effects via estrogen receptor β on TPH expression in stressed old males differ from those in young males. We examined the effect of aging on stress-induced TPH expression in male rats. The effect of stress exposure on TPH expression in the DRN changed with age. The effect of ER-β blockade on stress-induced TPH expression changed with age. Stress experience in young adulthood changed serotonergic response in old age.
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Giovanoli S, Notter T, Richetto J, Labouesse MA, Vuillermot S, Riva MA, Meyer U. Late prenatal immune activation causes hippocampal deficits in the absence of persistent inflammation across aging. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:221. [PMID: 26602365 PMCID: PMC4659211 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to infection and/or inflammation is increasingly recognized to play an important role in neurodevelopmental brain disorders. It has recently been postulated that prenatal immune activation, especially when occurring during late gestational stages, may also induce pathological brain aging via sustained effects on systemic and central inflammation. Here, we tested this hypothesis using an established mouse model of exposure to viral-like immune activation in late pregnancy. METHODS Pregnant C57BL6/J mice on gestation day 17 were treated with the viral mimetic polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (poly(I:C)) or control vehicle solution. The resulting offspring were first tested using cognitive and behavioral paradigms known to be sensitive to hippocampal damage, after which they were assigned to quantitative analyses of inflammatory cytokines, microglia density and morphology, astrocyte density, presynaptic markers, and neurotrophin expression in the hippocampus throughout aging (1, 5, and 22 months of age). RESULTS Maternal poly(I:C) treatment led to a robust increase in inflammatory cytokine levels in late gestation but did not cause persistent systemic or hippocampal inflammation in the offspring. The late prenatal manipulation also failed to cause long-term changes in microglia density, morphology, or activation, and did not induce signs of astrogliosis in pubescent, adult, or aged offspring. Despite the lack of persistent inflammatory or glial anomalies, offspring of poly(I:C)-exposed mothers showed marked and partly age-dependent deficits in hippocampus-regulated cognitive functions as well as impaired hippocampal synaptophysin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. CONCLUSIONS Late prenatal exposure to viral-like immune activation in mice causes hippocampus-related cognitive and synaptic deficits in the absence of chronic inflammation across aging. These findings do not support the hypothesis that this form of prenatal immune activation may induce pathological brain aging via sustained effects on systemic and central inflammation. We further conclude that poly(I:C)-based prenatal immune activation models are reliable in their effectiveness to induce (hippocampal) neuropathology across aging, but they appear unsuited for studying the role of chronic systemic or central inflammation in brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Giovanoli
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Tina Notter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliet Richetto
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marie A Labouesse
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | | | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Urs Meyer
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Yamada C, Saegusa Y, Nahata M, Sadakane C, Hattori T, Takeda H. Influence of Aging and Gender Differences on Feeding Behavior and Ghrelin-Related Factors during Social Isolation in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140094. [PMID: 26448274 PMCID: PMC4598162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress due to social isolation is known to cause abnormal feeding behaviors, but the influences of gender and aging on subchronic stress-induced changes in feeding behaviors are unknown. Thus, we examined the changes in body weight, food intake, and orexigenic ghrelin-related factors during 2 weeks of isolation stress in young and aged mice. Food intake increased significantly in young mice in the isolation group compared with the group-housed control throughout the experimental period. This isolation-induced increase in food intake was not observed in aged mice. In young mice, there were no significant differences in body weight between the isolated group and group-housed control up to 2 weeks. However, aged male mice exhibited significant weight loss at 2 weeks and a similar tendency was observed in aged female mice. Young male mice, but not female mice, had significantly increased (2.2-fold) plasma acylated ghrelin levels after 1 week of isolation compared with the group-housed control. A significant but lower increase (1.3-fold) was also observed in aged male mice. Hypothalamic preproghrelin gene expression decreased significantly with isolation in young male mice, whereas it increased significantly in female mice. The expression levels of NPY and AGRP in the hypothalamus, which are transmitted by elevated peripheral ghrelin signals, increased significantly in isolated young male mice, whereas the AGRP expression levels decreased significantly in young female mice. Isolation caused no significant differences in the expression levels of these genes in aged mice. In isolation, young female mice exhibited markedly increased dark- and light-phase locomotor activities compared with male mice, whereas male and female aged mice exhibited no obvious increases in activity immediately after the dark phase started. We conclude that the gender-specific homeostatic regulatory mechanisms required to maintain body weight operated during subchronic psychological stress in young mice but not in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yamada
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yayoi Saegusa
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Miwa Nahata
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Tomohisa Hattori
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Hokkaido University Hospital Gastroenterological Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Hidalgo V, Pulopulos MM, Puig-Perez S, Espin L, Gomez-Amor J, Salvador A. Acute stress affects free recall and recognition of pictures differently depending on age and sex. Behav Brain Res 2015; 292:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kolbe T, Palme R, Tichy A, Rülicke T. Lifetime Dependent Variation of Stress Hormone Metabolites in Feces of Two Laboratory Mouse Strains. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136112. [PMID: 26284365 PMCID: PMC4540567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive measurement of stress hormone metabolites in feces has become routine practice for the evaluation of distress and pain in animal experiments. Since metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids may be variable, awareness and adequate consideration of influencing factors are essential for accurate monitoring of adrenocortical activity. Reference values are usually provided by baselines compiled prior to the experiment and by age matched controls. The comparison of stress hormone levels between animals of different ages or between studies looking at hormone levels at the beginning and at the end of a long term study might be biased by age-related effects. In this study we analyzed fecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM) during the lifetime of untreated female mice of the strains C57BL/6NCrl and Crl:CD1. For this purpose feces for each individual mouse were collected every two months over a period of 24 hours, at intervals of four hours, until the age of 26 months. Results of the study revealed that age of the animals had a significant impact on the level and circadian rhythm of stress hormone metabolites. Furthermore, long-term observation of mice revealed a strain specific excretion profile of FCM influenced by strong seasonal variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- IFA-Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Tulln, Austria
| | - Rupert Palme
- Unit of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Experimental Endocrinology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Platform, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Nikolopoulou E, Mytilinaios D, Calogero AE, Kamilaris TC, Troupis T, Chrousos GP, Johnson EO. Modulation of central glucocorticoid receptors in short- and long-term experimental hyperthyroidism. Endocrine 2015; 49:828-41. [PMID: 25722011 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is associated with a significant increase in circulating glucocorticoid levels and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The aim of this study was to examine whether the HPA axis hyperactivity observed in hyperthyroidism may be explained by a disturbed feedback inhibition of endogenous glucocorticoids through two specific intracellular receptors in the brain: the high affinity mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the lower affinity glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Cytosolic receptor binding and gene expression was assessed in rats with short (7 days) and long standing (60 days) eu- and hyperthyroidism. Glucocorticoid receptor number and binding affinity (Kd) in the hippocampus were measured using [(3)H2]-dexamethasone radioreceptor assay. In situ hybridization was employed to examine the effects of hyperthyroidism on the GR and MR mRNA levels in the hippocampus and the pituitary. Both short- and long-term hyperthyroid rats showed pronounced reduction in the concentration of cytosolic GR in the hippocampus, without changes in binding affinity or changes in GR expression. In contrast, GR mRNA in the pituitary increased after 7 days and decreased after 60 days of thyroxin treatment. MR mRNA was moderately affected. Hyperthyroidism is associated with significant decreases in hippocampal GR levels supporting the hypothesis that hyperactivity of the HPA axis observed in experimentally induced hyperthyroidism may be attributed, at least in part, to decreased negative feedback at the level of the hippocampus. These findings further support the notion that a central locus is principally responsible for the hyperactivity of the HPA axis observed in hyperthyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikolopoulou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str., Goudi, 11572, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Human aging is associated with increasing frailty and morbidity which can result in significant disability. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may contribute to aging-related diseases like depression, cognitive deficits, and Alzheimer's disease in some older individuals. In addition to neuro-cognitive dysfunction, it has also been associated with declining physical performance possibly due to sarcopenia. This article reviews the pathophysiology of HPA dysfunction with respect to increased basal adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol secretion, decreased glucocorticoid (GC) negative feedback at the level of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, hippocampus (HC), and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and flattening of diurnal pattern of cortisol release. It is possible that the increased cortisol secretion is secondary to peripheral conversion from cortisone. There is a decline in pregnolone secretion and C-19 steroids (DHEA) with aging. There is a small decrease in aldosterone with aging, but a subset of the older population have a genetic predisposition to develop hyperaldosteronism due to the increased ACTH stimulation. The understanding of the HPA axis and aging remains a complex area with conflicting studies leading to controversial interpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepashree Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, St. Louis; Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, St. Louis
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Tesic V, Perovic M, Lazic D, Kojic S, Smiljanic K, Ruzdijic S, Rakic L, Kanazir S. Long-term intermittent feeding restores impaired GR signaling in the hippocampus of aged rat. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 149:43-52. [PMID: 25616002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diminished glucocorticoid signaling is associated with an age-related decline in hippocampal functioning. In this study we demonstrate the effect of intermittent, every other day (EOD) feeding on the glucocorticoid hormone/glucocorticoid receptor (GR) system in the hippocampus of middle-aged (18-month-old) and aged (24-month-old) Wistar rats. In aged ad libitum-fed rats, a decrease in the level of total GR and GR phosphorylated at Ser(232) (pGR) was detected. Conversely, aged rats subjected to EOD feeding, starting from 6 months of age, showed an increase in GR and pGR levels and a higher content of hippocampal corticosterone. Furthermore, prominent nuclear staining of pGR was observed in CA1 pyramidal and DG granule neurons of aged EOD-fed rats. These changes were accompanied by increased Sgk-1 and decreased GFAP transcription, pointing to upregulated transcriptional activity of GR. EOD feeding also induced an increase in the expression of the mineralocorticoid receptor. Our results reveal that intermittent feeding restores impaired GR signaling in the hippocampus of aged animals by inducing rather than by stabilizing GR signaling during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Tesic
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milka Perovic
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Divna Lazic
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Kojic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kosara Smiljanic
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sabera Ruzdijic
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Selma Kanazir
- Institute for Biological Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Ycaza Herrera A, Mather M. Actions and interactions of estradiol and glucocorticoids in cognition and the brain: Implications for aging women. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:36-52. [PMID: 25929443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Menopause involves dramatic declines in estradiol production and levels. Importantly, estradiol and the class of stress hormones known as glucocorticoids exert countervailing effects throughout the body, with estradiol exerting positive effects on the brain and cognition, glucocorticoids exerting negative effects on the brain and cognition, and estradiol able to mitigate negative effects of glucocorticoids. Although the effects of these hormones in isolation have been extensively studied, the effects of estradiol on the stress response and the neuroprotection offered against glucocorticoid exposure in humans are less well known. Here we review evidence suggesting that estradiol-related protection against glucocorticoids mitigates stress-induced interference with cognitive processes. Animal and human research indicates that estradiol-related mitigation of glucocorticoid damage and interference is one benefit of estradiol supplementation during peri-menopause or soon after menopause. The evidence for estradiol-related protection against glucocorticoids suggests that maintaining estradiol levels in post-menopausal women could protect them from stress-induced declines in neural and cognitive integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ycaza Herrera
- University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
| | - Mara Mather
- University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States.
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Hämäläinen A, Heistermann M, Kraus C. The stress of growing old: sex- and season-specific effects of age on allostatic load in wild grey mouse lemurs. Oecologia 2015; 178:1063-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Paul S, Jeon WK, Bizon JL, Han JS. Interaction of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons with the glucocorticoid system in stress regulation and cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:43. [PMID: 25883567 PMCID: PMC4382969 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of studies on basal forebrain (BF) cholinergic neurons (BFCN) have provided compelling evidence for their role in the etiology of stress, cognitive aging, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and other neurodegenerative diseases. BFCN project to a broad range of cortical sites and limbic structures, including the hippocampus, and are involved in stress and cognition. In particular, the hippocampus, the primary target tissue of the glucocorticoid stress hormones, is associated with cognitive function in tandem with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis modulation. The present review summarizes glucocorticoid and HPA axis research to date in an effort to establish the manner in which stress affects the release of acetylcholine (ACh), glucocorticoids, and their receptor in the context of cognitive processes. We attempt to provide the molecular interactive link between the glucocorticoids and cholinergic system that contributes to BFCN degeneration in stress-induced acceleration of cognitive decline in aging and AD. We also discuss the importance of animal models in facilitating such studies for pharmacological use, to which could help decipher disease states and propose leads for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saswati Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Kyung Jeon
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jennifer L Bizon
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University Seoul, South Korea
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40
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Chen Y, Lyga J. Brain-skin connection: stress, inflammation and skin aging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 13:177-90. [PMID: 24853682 PMCID: PMC4082169 DOI: 10.2174/1871528113666140522104422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intricate relationship between stress and skin conditions has been documented since ancient times. Recent clinical observations also link psychological stress to the onset or aggravation of multiple skin diseases. However, the exact underlying mechanisms have only been studied and partially revealed in the past 20 years or so. In this review, the authors will discuss the recent discoveries in the field of “Brain-Skin Connection”, summarizing findings from the overlapping fields of psychology, endocrinology, skin neurobiology, skin inflammation, immunology, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Lyga
- Global R&D, Avon Products. 1 Avon Place, Suffern, NY 10901, USA.
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Abstract
Several studies have shown that acute stress affects working memory (WM) in young adults, but the effect in older people is understudied. As observed in other types of memory, older people may be less sensitive to acute effects of stress on WM. We performed two independent studies with healthy older men and women (from 55 to 77 years old) to investigate the effects of acute stress (Trier Social Stress Test; TSST) and cortisol on WM. In study 1 (n = 63), after the TSST women (but not men) improved their performance on Digit Span Forward (a measure of the memory span component of WM) but not on Digit Span Backward (a measure of both memory span and the executive component of WM). Furthermore, in women, cortisol levels at the moment of memory testing showed a positive association with the memory span component of WM before and after the TSST, and with the executive component of WM only before the stress task. In study 2 (n = 76), although participants showed a cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) response to the TSST, stress did not affect performance on Letter-Number Sequencing (LNS; a task that places a high demand on the executive component of WM). Cortisol and sAA were not associated with WM. The results indicate that circulating cortisol levels at the moment of memory testing, and not the stress response, affect memory span in older women, and that stress and the increase in cortisol levels after stress do not affect the executive component of WM in older men and women. This study provides further evidence that older people may be less sensitive to stress and stress-induced cortisol response effects on memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias M Pulopulos
- Department of Psychobiology and IDOCAL, Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
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Jovanović I, Ugrenović S, Ljubomirović M, Vasović L, Čukuranović R, Stefanović V. Folliculo-stellate cells – Potential mediators of the inflammaging-induced hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in healthy elderly individuals. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:501-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Behavioral testing-related changes in the expression of Synapsin I and glucocorticoid receptors in standard and enriched aged Wistar rats. Exp Gerontol 2014; 58:292-302. [PMID: 25218493 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the changes in the Synapsin I and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression induced by behavioral testing in the dorsal and ventral hippocampi of standard and enriched aged Wistar rats. The environmental enrichment (EE) was carried out 3h/day over a period of two months and then, the rats were tested in the elevated zero-maze (EZM) and radial-arm water maze (RAWM). Behavioral results showed that, even at an advanced age, EE was able to reduce anxiety-related behaviors and improve the performance in the RAWM. Regarding the neurobiological data, Synapsin I expression in the dorsal CA3, but not in the ventral, was enhanced both in enriched and standard rats when they performed the behavioral testing. Interestingly, the EE exposure was enough to increase Synapsin I in the ventral CA3. The analysis of GR in the dorsal hippocampus showed an increase of this receptor in the dDG both in enriched and standard rats when they performed the behavioral testing, whereas in the dCA1 and dCA3, the effect of the testing depended on the previous housing condition. In the ventral region, we found that the effects of EE were higher because on the one hand, the GR expression induced by the behavioral testing was enhanced in the dSUB, vCA1 and vCA3 when the rats were previously enriched and on the other hand, EE, regardless of the behavioral testing, increased the GR expression in the vDG and vSUB. Therefore, our results suggest that the effect of the behavioral testing on the neurobiological mechanisms studied is different depending on the previous housing condition of aged rats.
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Adrenocortical status predicts the degree of age-related deficits in prefrontal structural plasticity and working memory. J Neurosci 2014; 34:8387-97. [PMID: 24948795 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1385-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline in aging is marked by considerable variability, with some individuals experiencing significant impairments and others retaining intact functioning. Whereas previous studies have linked elevated hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity with impaired hippocampal function during aging, the idea has languished regarding whether such differences may underlie the deterioration of other cognitive functions. Here we investigate whether endogenous differences in HPA activity are predictive of age-related impairments in prefrontal structural and behavioral plasticity. Young and aged rats (4 and 21 months, respectively) were partitioned into low or high HPA activity, based upon averaged values of corticosterone release from each animal obtained from repeated sampling across a 24 h period. Pyramidal neurons in the prelimbic area of medial prefrontal cortex were selected for intracellular dye filling, followed by 3D imaging and analysis of dendritic spine morphometry. Aged animals displayed dendritic spine loss and altered geometric characteristics; however, these decrements were largely accounted for by the subgroup bearing elevated corticosterone. Moreover, high adrenocortical activity in aging was associated with downward shifts in frequency distributions for spine head diameter and length, whereas aged animals with low corticosterone showed an upward shift in these indices. Follow-up behavioral experiments revealed that age-related spatial working memory deficits were exacerbated by increased HPA activity. By contrast, variations in HPA activity in young animals failed to impact structural or behavioral plasticity. These data implicate the cumulative exposure to glucocorticoids as a central underlying process in age-related prefrontal impairment and define synaptic features accounting for different trajectories in age-related cognitive function.
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Dziedzic N, Ho A, Adabi B, Foilb AR, Romeo RD. Shifts in hormonal stress reactivity during adolescence are not associated with changes in glucocorticoid receptor levels in the brain and pituitary of male rats. Dev Neurosci 2014; 36:261-8. [PMID: 24903860 DOI: 10.1159/000362873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preadolescent animals display protracted hormonal stress responses mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis compared to adults. Though the mechanisms that underlie this shift in stress reactivity are unknown, reduced glucocorticoid-dependent negative feedback on the HPA axis has been posited to contribute to this differential responsiveness. As the glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) are integral to this feedback response, we hypothesize that prior to puberty there will be fewer GRs in the neural-pituitary network that mediate negative feedback. To test this hypothesis we measured GR protein levels in the brains of preadolescent (28 days old), midadolescent (40 days old) and adult (77 days old) male rats via immunohistochemistry. Additionally, we assessed stress-induced plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone in prepubertal (30 days old) and adult (70 days old) male rats and examined GR protein levels via Western blot in the brain and pituitary. We found that despite substantial adolescent-related changes in hormonal responsiveness, no significant differences were found between these ages in GR protein levels in regions that are important in negative feedback, including the medial prefrontal cortex, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, hippocampal formation, and pituitary. These data indicate that the extended hormonal stress response exhibited by preadolescent animals is independent of significant pubertal changes in GR protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Dziedzic
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Behavior Program, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, N.Y., USA
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Fujii T, Hori H, Ota M, Hattori K, Teraishi T, Sasayama D, Yamamoto N, Higuchi T, Kunugi H. Effect of the common functional FKBP5 variant (rs1360780) on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and peripheral blood gene expression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 42:89-97. [PMID: 24636505 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity plays an important role in the development of stress-related psychiatric disorders. FK506 binding protein 5 (FKBP5) modulates HPA axis reactivity via glucocorticoid receptor (GR; NR3C1) sensitivity and signaling. The T allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism, FKBP5 rs1360780 (C/T), is associated with higher FKBP5 induction by glucocorticoids. In the present study, we performed the dexamethasone/corticotropin releasing hormone (DEX/CRH) test and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cDNA samples in 174 and 278 non-clinical individuals, respectively. We found increased suppression of the stress hormone (cortisol) response to the DEX/CRH test (P=0.0016) in aged (>50 years) individuals carrying the T allele compared with aged non-T allele carriers. T carriers showed significant age-related changes in GR and FKBP5 mRNA expression levels in PBMCs (P=0.0013 and P=0.00048, respectively). Our results indicate that FKBP5 rs1360780 regulates HPA axis reactivity and expression levels of GR and FKBP5 in PBMCs in an age-dependent manner. Because these phenotypes of aged T carriers are similar to endophenotypes of people with post-traumatic stress disorder, our findings may be useful for determining the molecular mechanisms, treatment, and preventive strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujii
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamamoto
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Higuchi
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
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Hidalgo V, Almela M, Villada C, Salvador A. Acute stress impairs recall after interference in older people, but not in young people. Horm Behav 2014; 65:264-72. [PMID: 24406640 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Stress has been associated with negative changes observed during the aging process. However, very little research has been carried out on the role of age in acute stress effects on memory. We aimed to explore the role of age and sex in the relationship between hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA-axis) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) reactivity to psychosocial stress and short-term declarative memory performance. To do so, sixty-seven participants divided into two age groups (each group with a similar number of men and women) were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and a control condition in a crossover design. Memory performance was assessed by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). As expected, worse memory performance was associated with age; but more interestingly, the stressor impaired recall after interference only in the older group. In addition, this effect was negatively correlated with the alpha-amylase over cortisol ratio, which has recently been suggested as a good marker of stress system dysregulation. However, we failed to find sex differences in memory performance. These results show that age moderates stress-induced effects on declarative memory, and they point out the importance of studying both of the physiological systems involved in the stress response together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Social Neuroscience, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Almela
- Laboratory of Social Neuroscience, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Villada
- Laboratory of Social Neuroscience, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Neuroscience, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Saaltink DJ, Vreugdenhil E. Stress, glucocorticoid receptors, and adult neurogenesis: a balance between excitation and inhibition? Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2499-515. [PMID: 24522255 PMCID: PMC4055840 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1568-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons in the mature brain, has attracted considerable attention in the last decade. One of the earliest identified and most profound factors that affect adult neurogenesis both positively and negatively is stress. Here, we review the complex interplay between stress and adult neurogenesis. In particular, we review the role of the glucocorticoid receptor, the main mediator of the stress response in the proliferation, differentiation, migration, and functional integration of newborn neurons in the hippocampus. We review a multitude of mechanisms regulating glucocorticoid receptor activity in relationship to adult neurogenesis. We postulate a novel concept in which the level of glucocorticoid receptor expression directly regulates the excitation-inhibition balance, which is key for proper neurogenesis. We furthermore argue that an excitation-inhibition dis-balance may underlie aberrant functional integration of newborn neurons that is associated with psychiatric and paroxysmal brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk-Jan Saaltink
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Leiden University Medical Center/Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Bonhomme D, Pallet V, Dominguez G, Servant L, Henkous N, Lafenêtre P, Higueret P, Béracochéa D, Touyarot K. Retinoic acid modulates intrahippocampal levels of corticosterone in middle-aged mice: consequences on hippocampal plasticity and contextual memory. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:6. [PMID: 24570662 PMCID: PMC3917121 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now established that vitamin A and its derivatives, retinoic acid (RA), are required for cognitive functions in adulthood. RA hyposignaling and hyperactivity of glucocorticoid (GC) pathway appear concomitantly during aging and would contribute to the deterioration of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and functions. Furthermore, recent data have evidenced counteracting effects of retinoids on GC signaling pathway. In the present study, we addressed the following issue: whether the stimulation of RA pathway could modulate intrahippocampal corticosterone (CORT) levels in middle-aged mice and thereby impact on hippocampal plasticity and cognitive functions. We firstly investigated the effects of vitamin A supplementation and RA treatment in middle-aged mice, on contextual serial discrimination task, a paradigm which allows the detection of early signs of age-related hippocampal-dependent memory dysfunction. We then measured intrahippocampal CORT concentrations by microdialysis before and after a novelty-induced stress. Our results show that both RA treatment and vitamin A supplementation improve “episodic-like” memory in middle-aged mice but RA treatment appears to be more efficient. Moreover, we show that the beneficial effect of RA on memory is associated to an increase in hippocampal PSD-95 expression. In addition, intrahippocampal CORT levels are reduced after novelty-induced stress in RA-treated animals. This effect cannot be related to a modulation of hippocampal 11β-HSD1 expression. Interestingly, RA treatment induces a modulation of RA receptors RARα and RARβ expression in middle-aged mice, a finding which has been correlated with the amplitude of intrahippocampal CORT levels after novelty-induced stress. Taken together, our results suggest that the preventive action of RA treatment on age-related memory deficits in middle-aged mice could be, at least in part, due to an inhibitory effect of retinoids on GC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bonhomme
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Gaelle Dominguez
- CNRS, Intititut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287 Talence, France ; INSERM, U-930, Université François Rabelais Tours, France
| | - Laure Servant
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nadia Henkous
- CNRS, Intititut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287 Talence, France
| | - Pauline Lafenêtre
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul Higueret
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniel Béracochéa
- CNRS, Intititut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287 Talence, France
| | - Katia Touyarot
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
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50
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Bonhomme D, Minni AM, Alfos S, Roux P, Richard E, Higueret P, Moisan MP, Pallet V, Touyarot K. Vitamin A status regulates glucocorticoid availability in Wistar rats: consequences on cognitive functions and hippocampal neurogenesis? Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:20. [PMID: 24550796 PMCID: PMC3912436 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A disruption of the vitamin A signaling pathway has been involved in age-related memory decline and hippocampal plasticity alterations. Using vitamin A deficiency (VAD), a nutritional model leading to a hyposignaling of the retinoid pathway, we have recently demonstrated that retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, is efficient to reverse VAD-induced spatial memory deficits and adult hippocampal neurogenesis alterations. Besides, excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) occurring with aging is known to strongly inhibit hippocampal plasticity and functions and few studies report on the counteracting effects of RA signaling pathway on GCs action. Here, we have addressed whether the modulation of brain GCs availability could be one of the biological mechanisms involved in the effects of vitamin A status on hippocampal plasticity and functions. Thus, we have studied the effects of a vitamin A-free diet for 14 weeks and a 4-week vitamin A supplementation on plasma and hippocampal corticosterone (CORT) levels in Wistar rats. We have also investigated corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) binding capacity and 11beta-Hydrosteroid Dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) activity, both important modulators of CORT availability at the peripheral and hippocampal levels respectively. Interestingly, we show that the vitamin A status regulates levels of free plasma CORT and hippocampal CORT levels, by acting through a regulation of CBG binding capacity and 11β-HSD1 activity. Moreover, our results suggest that increased CORT levels in VAD rats could have some deleterious consequences on spatial memory, anxiety-like behavior and adult hippocampal neurogenesis whereas these effects could be corrected by a vitamin A supplementation. Thus, the modulation of GCs availability by vitamin A status is an important biological mechanism that should be taken into account in order to prevent age-related cognitive decline and hippocampal plasticity alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Bonhomme
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; University of Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine M Minni
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; University of Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Serge Alfos
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; University of Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Roux
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; University of Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Richard
- INSERM, Biothérapie des Maladies Génétiques et Cancer, U1035 Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul Higueret
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; University of Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Moisan
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; University of Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Véronique Pallet
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; University of Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
| | - Katia Touyarot
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France ; University of Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée (NutriNeuro), UMR 1286 Bordeaux, France
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