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Annita, Revilla G, Ali H, Almurdi. The Effect of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Nestin and Sox-2 Gene Expression and Spatial Learning (Percent Alternation Y-Maze Test) against AlCl 3-Induced Alzheimer's-like Pathology in a Rat Model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:441-449. [PMID: 39114632 PMCID: PMC11300943 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.98912.3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by gradual cognitive impairment, including loss of synapses and nerve cells involved in learning, memory, and habit formation processes. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent cells. Because of their self-renewable, differentiation, and immunomodulatory capabilities, they are commonly used to treat many disorders. Hence, the current study intends to examine the effect of BM-MSCs transplantation on Aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced cognitive problems, an experimental model resembling AD's hallmarks in rats. Methods The study was conducted in 2022 at The Biomedical Laboratory Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia. Adult male Wistar rats (three groups: negative control; no intervention+treatment with PBS; positive control: AlCl3+treatment with aqua dest; AlCl3+BM-MSCs: AlCl3+treatment with BM-MSCs, n=5 each) were treated daily with AlCl3 orally for five days. Stem cells were intraperitoneally injected into rats at a dose of 1x106 cells/rat. The same quantity of phosphate-buffered saline was given to the control group. One month after stem cell injection, the rat brain tissue was removed and placed in the film bottles that had been created. The expression of neural progenitor cell markers, including nestin and sex-determining Y-box 2 (SOX-2), was analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rats' cognitive and functional memory were examined using Y-maze. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 26.0) with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results The gene expression of nestin (29.74±0.42), SOX-2 (31.44±0.67), and percent alternation of Y-maze (67.04±2.28) increased in the AlCl3+BM-MSCs group compared to that in the positive control group. RT-PCR analysis indicated that nestin (P<0.001) and SOX-2 (P<0.001) were significantly enhanced in the AlCl3+BM-MSCs group compared to the positive control group. This group also indicated an increased percent alternation of Y-maze (P<0.001) in the AlCl3+BM-MSCs group compared to the positive control group. Conclusion Due to its potential effects on cell therapy, BM-MSCs were found effective in a rat model of AD on the impairment of the rats' behavior and increased expression of neural progenitor cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annita
- Doctoral Program Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, STIKES Syedza Saintika, Indonesia
| | - Gusti Revilla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Hirowati Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Almurdi
- Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Deng LJ, Wu D, Yang XF, Li T. miR-146a-5p Modulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Deficits Through Klf4/p-Stat3 Signaling in APP/PS1 Mice. Neuroscience 2023; 526:314-325. [PMID: 37321367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and currently, no effective treatment strategies exist for this condition. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising therapeutic targets of AD. Previous studies have highlighted the significant role of miR-146a-5p in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Here, we aimed to investigate whether miR-146a-5p plays a role in the mechanisms of AD. We employed quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to assess the expression of miR-146a-5p. Additionally, we examined the expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3), and phosphorylated Stat3 (p-Stat3) using western blot analysis. Furthermore, we validated the interaction between miR-146a-5p and Klf4 using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to evaluate AHN. And Contextual fear conditioning discrimination learning (CFC-DL) experiment was used to detect pattern separation. Our findings in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice revealed upregulated levels of miR-146a-5p and p-Stat3, while Klf4 levels were downregulated. Interestingly, both miR-146a-5p antagomir and p-Stat3 inhibitor obviously rescued neurogenesis and pattern separation in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, application of miR-146a-5p agomir reversed the protective effects of Klf4 upregulation. These findings open new avenues for protection against AD through the modulation of neurogenesis and cognitive decline via the miR-146a-5p/Klf4/p-Stat3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fan Yang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
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4
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Portalés A, Chamero P, Jurado S. Natural and Pathological Aging Distinctively Impacts the Pheromone Detection System and Social Behavior. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4641-4658. [PMID: 37129797 PMCID: PMC10293359 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Normal aging and many age-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease cause deficits in olfaction; however, it is currently unknown how natural and pathological aging impacts the detection of social odors which might contribute to the impoverishment of social behavior at old age further worsening overall health. Analysis of the vomeronasal organ, the main gateway to pheromone-encoded information, indicated that natural and pathological aging distinctively affects the neurogenic ability of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium. Whereas cell proliferation remained majorly preserved in 1-year-old APP/PS1 mice, naturally aged animals exhibited significant deficiencies in the number of mature, proliferative, and progenitor cells. These alterations may support age-related deficits in the recognition of social cues and the display of social behavior. Our findings indicate that aging disrupts the processing of social olfactory cues decreasing social odor exploration, discrimination, and habituation in both wild-type senescent (2-year-old) mice and in 1-year-old double mutant model of Alzheimer's disease (APP/PS1). Furthermore, social novelty was diminished in 1-year-old APP/PS1 mice, indicating that alterations in the processing of social cues are accelerated during pathological aging. This study reveals fundamental differences in the cellular processes by which natural and pathological aging disrupts the exploration of social information and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Portalés
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), 03550, Sant Joan d´Alacant, Spain
| | - Pablo Chamero
- Laboratoire de Physiologie de La Reproduction Et Des Comportements, CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, University of Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sandra Jurado
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Miguel Hernández (CSIC-UMH), 03550, Sant Joan d´Alacant, Spain.
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Surya K, Manickam N, Jayachandran KS, Kandasamy M, Anusuyadevi M. Resveratrol Mediated Regulation of Hippocampal Neuroregenerative Plasticity via SIRT1 Pathway in Synergy with Wnt Signaling: Neurotherapeutic Implications to Mitigate Memory Loss in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S125-S140. [PMID: 36463442 PMCID: PMC10473144 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major form of dementia. Abnormal amyloidogenic event-mediated degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the cognitive centers of the brain has been attributed to neuropathological sequelae and behavioral deficits in AD. Besides, impaired adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus has experimentally been realized as an underlying cause of dementia regardless of neurodegeneration. Therefore, nourishing the neurogenic process in the hippocampus has been considered an effective therapeutic strategy to mitigate memory loss. In the physiological state, the Wnt pathway has been identified as a potent mitogenic generator in the hippocampal stem cell niche. However, downstream components of Wnt signaling have been noticed to be downregulated in AD brains. Resveratrol (RSV) is a potent Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) enhancer that facilitates neuroprotection and promotes neurogenesis in the hippocampus of the adult brain. While SIRT1 is an important positive regulator of Wnt signaling, ample reports indicate that RSV treatment strongly mediates the fate determination of stem cells through Wnt signaling. However, the possible therapeutic roles of RSV-mediated SIRT1 enhancement on the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and reversal of memory loss through the Wnt signaling pathway have not been addressed yet. Taken together, this review describes RSV-mediated effects on the regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis via the activation of SIRT1 in synergy with the Wnt signaling. Further, the article emphasizes a hypothesis that RSV treatment can provoke the activation of quiescent neural stem cells and prime their neurogenic capacity in the hippocampus via Wnt signaling in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Surya
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Neuro-gerontology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nivethitha Manickam
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kesavan Swaminathan Jayachandran
- Department of Bioinformatics, Molecular Cardiology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Department of Animal Science, Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
- University Grants Commission-Faculty Recharge Programme (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India
| | - Muthuswamy Anusuyadevi
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Neuro-gerontology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhou Y, Wang X, Liu Y, Gu Y, Gu R, Zhang G, Lin Q. Mechanisms of abnormal adult hippocampal neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1125376. [PMID: 36875663 PMCID: PMC9975352 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1125376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system, the most common type of dementia in old age, which causes progressive loss of cognitive functions such as thoughts, memory, reasoning, behavioral abilities and social skills, affecting the daily life of patients. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is a key area for learning and memory functions, and an important site of adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) in normal mammals. AHN mainly consists of the proliferation, differentiation, survival and maturation of newborn neurons and occurs throughout adulthood, but the level of AHN decreases with age. In AD, the AHN will be affected to different degrees at different times, and its exact molecular mechanisms are increasingly elucidated. In this review, we summarize the changes of AHN in AD and its alteration mechanism, which will help lay the foundation for further research on the pathogenesis and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Renjun Gu
- School of Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Applied Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Examination of Longitudinal Alterations in Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Neurogenesis in an APP/PS1 Transgenic Mouse Model, and the Effects of P33, a Putative Neuroprotective Agent Thereon. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810364. [PMID: 36142277 PMCID: PMC9499399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis plays a crucial role in cognitive processes. During aging and in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), altered neurogenesis and neuroinflammation are evident both in C57BL/6J, APPSwe/PS1dE9 (Tg) mice and humans. AD pathology may slow down upon drug treatment, for example, in a previous study of our group P33, a putative neuroprotective agent was found to exert advantageous effects on the elevated levels of APP, Aβ, and neuroinflammation. In the present study, we aimed to examine longitudinal alterations in neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and AD pathology in a transgenic (Tg) mouse model, and assessed the putative beneficial effects of long-term P33 treatment on AD-specific neurological alterations. Hippocampal cell proliferation and differentiation were significantly reduced between 8 and 12 months of age. Regarding neuroinflammation, significantly elevated astrogliosis and microglial activation were observed in 6- to 7-month-old Tg animals. The amounts of the molecules involved in the amyloidogenic pathway were altered from 4 months of age in Tg animals. P33-treatment led to significantly increased neurogenesis in 9-month-old animals. Our data support the hypothesis that altered neurogenesis may be a consequence of AD pathology. Based on our findings in the transgenic animal model, early pharmacological treatment before the manifestation of AD symptoms might ameliorate neurological decline.
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8
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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9
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Tong XK, Royea J, Hamel E. Simvastatin rescues memory and granule cell maturation through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:325. [PMID: 35397630 PMCID: PMC8994768 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that simvastatin (SV) restored memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD) concomitantly with normalization in protein levels of memory-related immediate early genes in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Here, we investigated age-related changes in the hippocampal memory pathway, and whether the beneficial effects of SV could be related to enhanced neurogenesis and signaling in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. APP mice and wild-type (WT) littermate controls showed comparable number of proliferating (Ki67-positive nuclei) and immature (doublecortin (DCX)-positive) granule cells in the dentate gyrus until 3 months of age. At 4 months, Ki67 or DCX positive cells decreased sharply and remained less numerous until the endpoint (6 months) in both SV-treated and untreated APP mice. In 6 month-old APP mice, dendritic extensions of DCX immature neurons in the molecular layer were shorter, a deficit fully normalized by SV. Similarly, whereas mature granule cells (calbindin-immunopositive) were decreased in APP mice and not restored by SV, their dendritic arborizations were normalized to control levels by SV treatment. SV increased Prox1 protein levels (↑67.7%, p < 0.01), a Wnt/β-catenin signaling target, while significantly decreasing (↓61.2%, p < 0.05) the upregulated levels of the β-catenin-dependent Wnt pathway inhibitor DKK1 seen in APP mice. In APP mice, SV benefits were recapitulated by treatment with the Wnt/β-catenin specific agonist WAY-262611, whereas they were fully abolished in mice that received the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor XAV939 during the last month of SV treatment. Our results indicate that activation of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway through downregulation of DKK1 underlies SV neuronal and cognitive benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Kang Tong
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, H3A 2B4, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessika Royea
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, H3A 2B4, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, Immunology University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Edith Hamel
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, H3A 2B4, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Li L, Li J, Dai Y, Yang M, Liang S, Wang Z, Liu W, Chen L, Tao J. Electro-Acupuncture Improve the Early Pattern Separation in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice via Basal Forebrain-Hippocampus Cholinergic Neural Circuit. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:770948. [PMID: 35185516 PMCID: PMC8847781 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.770948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) treatment on pattern separation and investigate the neural circuit mechanism involved in five familial mutations (5 × FAD) mice. Methods Five familial mutations mice were treated with EA at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) acupoints for 30 min each, lasting for 4 weeks. Cognitive-behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the effects of EA treatment on cognitive functions. 1H-MRS, Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were performed to examine the cholinergic system alteration. Thioflavin S staining and 6E10 immunofluorescence were performed to detect the amyloid-β (Aβ). Furthermore, hM4Di designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) virus and long-term clozapine-N-oxide injection were used to inhibit the medial septal and vertical limb of the diagonal band and dentate gyrus (MS/VDB-DG) cholinergic neural circuit. Cognitive-behavioral tests and immunofluorescence were performed to investigate the cholinergic neural circuit mechanism of EA treatment improving cognition in 5 × FAD mice. Results Electro-acupuncture treatment significantly improved spatial recognition memory and pattern separation impairment, regulated cholinergic system via reduction neuron loss, upregulation of choline/creatine, choline acetyltransferase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter, and downregulation of enzyme acetylcholinesterase in 5 × FAD mice. Aβ deposition was reduced after EA treatment. Subsequently, the monosynaptic hM4Di DREADDs virus tracing and inhibiting strategy showed that EA treatment activates the MS/VDB-DG cholinergic neural circuit to improve the early pattern separation. In addition, EA treatment activates this circuit to upregulating M1 receptors positive cells and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG). Conclusion Electro-acupuncture could improve the early pattern separation impairment by activating the MS/VDB-DG cholinergic neural circuit in 5 × FAD mice, which was related to the regulation of the cholinergic system and the promotion of neurogenesis by EA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Rehabilitation Medical Technology Joint National Local Engineering Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yaling Dai
- Rehabilitation Medical Technology Joint National Local Engineering Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- Rehabilitation Medical Technology Joint National Local Engineering Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhifu Wang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- Rehabilitation Medical Technology Joint National Local Engineering Research Center, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Tao,
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Zheng J. Hippocampal neurogenesis and pro-neurogenic therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:3-14. [PMID: 35229998 PMCID: PMC8879631 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) facilitates hippocampal circuits plasticity and regulates hippocampus-dependent cognition and emotion. However, AHN malfunction has been widely reported in both human and animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Pro-neurogenic therapies including rescuing innate AHN, cell engraftment and glia-neuron reprogramming hold great potential for compensating the neuronal loss and rewiring the degenerated neuronal network in AD, but there are still great challenges to be overcome. This review covers recent advances in unraveling the involvement of AHN in AD and highlights the prospect of emerging pro-neurogenic remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Department of PharmacologyKey Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of EducationKey Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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12
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Discovery of a dual-action small molecule that improves neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115082119. [PMID: 35027452 PMCID: PMC8784098 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115082119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disease, multitargeted therapeutic approaches are likely required for effective AD treatment. The importance of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activation in the various neuropathological features of AD is well-known. Therefore, in this study, we focused on identifying an efficient, direct inhibitor of ASM activity. We found that KARI 201 was a highly selective ASM activity inhibitor without any off-target effects. Through RNA-sequencing analysis in brains of AD mice, we also unexpectedly uncovered the role of KARI 201 as a ghrelin receptor agonist. This dual role of KARI 201 in neurons led to improvement of Aβ accumulation, neuroinflammation, synapse loss, hippocampal neurogenesis, and memory dysfunction in AD mice. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by complex, multifactorial neuropathology, suggesting that small molecules targeting multiple neuropathological factors are likely required to successfully impact clinical progression. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activation has been recognized as an important contributor to these neuropathological features in AD, leading to the concept of using ASM inhibitors for the treatment of this disorder. Here we report the identification of KARI 201, a direct ASM inhibitor evaluated for AD treatment. KARI 201 exhibits highly selective inhibition effects on ASM, with excellent pharmacokinetic properties, especially with regard to brain distribution. Unexpectedly, we found another role of KARI 201 as a ghrelin receptor agonist, which also has therapeutic potential for AD treatment. This dual role of KARI 201 in neurons efficiently rescued neuropathological features in AD mice, including amyloid beta deposition, autophagy dysfunction, neuroinflammation, synaptic loss, and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, leading to an improvement in memory function. Our data highlight the possibility of potential clinical application of KARI 201 as an innovative and multifaceted drug for AD treatment.
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MUTYH Actively Contributes to Microglial Activation and Impaired Neurogenesis in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8635088. [PMID: 34970419 PMCID: PMC8714343 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8635088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by brain atrophy, amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and loss of neurons. 8-Oxoguanine, a major oxidatively generated nucleobase highly accumulated in the AD brain, is known to cause neurodegeneration. In mammalian cells, several enzymes play essential roles in minimizing the 8-oxoguanine accumulation in DNA. MUTYH with adenine DNA glycosylase activity excises adenine inserted opposite 8-oxoguanine in DNA. MUTYH is reported to actively contribute to the neurodegenerative process in Parkinson and Huntington diseases and some mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases by accelerating neuronal dysfunction and microgliosis under oxidative conditions; however, whether or not MUTYH is involved in AD pathogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the contribution of MUTYH to the AD pathogenesis. Using postmortem human brains, we showed that various types of MUTYH transcripts and proteins are expressed in most hippocampal neurons and glia in both non-AD and AD brains. We further introduced MUTYH deficiency into App NL-G-F/NL-G-F knock-in AD model mice, which produce humanized toxic amyloid-β without the overexpression of APP protein, and investigated the effects of MUTYH deficiency on the behavior, pathology, gene expression, and neurogenesis. MUTYH deficiency improved memory impairment in App NL-G-F/NL-G-F mice, accompanied by reduced microgliosis. Gene expression profiling strongly suggested that MUTYH is involved in the microglial response pathways under AD pathology and contributes to the phagocytic activity of disease-associated microglia. We also found that MUTYH deficiency ameliorates impaired neurogenesis in the hippocampus, thus improving memory impairment. In conclusion, we propose that MUTYH, which is expressed in the hippocampus of AD patients as well as non-AD subjects, actively contributes to memory impairment by inducing microgliosis with poor neurogenesis in the preclinical AD phase and that MUTYH is a novel therapeutic target for AD, as its deficiency is highly beneficial for ameliorating AD pathogenesis.
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14
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Andrographolide promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and spatial memory in the APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22904. [PMID: 34824314 PMCID: PMC8616902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In Alzheimer´s disease (AD) there is a reduction in hippocampal neurogenesis that has been associated to cognitive deficits. Previously we showed that Andrographolide (ANDRO), the main bioactive component of Andrographis paniculate, induces proliferation in the hippocampus of the APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model of AD as assessed by staining with the mitotic marker Ki67. Here, we further characterized the effect of ANDRO on hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 mice and evaluated the contribution of this process to the cognitive effect of ANDRO. Treatment of 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice with ANDRO for 4 weeks increased proliferation in the dentate gyrus as evaluated by BrdU incorporation. Although ANDRO had no effect on neuronal differentiation of newborn cells, it strongly increased neural progenitors, neuroblasts and newborn immature neurons, cell populations that were decreased in APP/PS1 mice compared to age-matched wild-type mice. ANDRO had no effect on migration or in total dendritic length, arborization and orientation of immature neurons, suggesting no effects on early morphological development of newborn neurons. Finally, ANDRO treatment improved the performance of APP/PS1 mice in the object location memory task. This effect was not completely prevented by co-treatment with the anti-mitotic drug TMZ, suggesting that other effects of ANDRO in addition to the increase in neurogenesis might underlie the observed cognitive improvement. Altogether, our data indicate that in APP/PS1 mice ANDRO stimulates neurogenesis in the hippocampus by inducing proliferation of neural precursor cells and improves spatial memory performance.
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15
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de Fraga LS, Tassinari ID, Jantsch J, Guedes RP, Bambini-Junior V. 'A picture is worth a thousand words': The use of microscopy for imaging neuroinflammation. Clin Exp Immunol 2021; 206:325-345. [PMID: 34596237 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first studies of the nervous system by the Nobel laureates Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramon y Cajal using simple dyes and conventional light microscopes, microscopy has come a long way to the most recent techniques that make it possible to perform images in live cells and animals in health and disease. Many pathological conditions of the central nervous system have already been linked to inflammatory responses. In this scenario, several available markers and techniques can help imaging and unveil the neuroinflammatory process. Moreover, microscopy imaging techniques have become even more necessary to validate the large quantity of data generated in the era of 'omics'. This review aims to highlight how to assess neuroinflammation by using microscopy as a tool to provide specific details about the cell's architecture during neuroinflammatory conditions. First, we describe specific markers that have been used in light microscopy studies and that are widely applied to unravel and describe neuroinflammatory mechanisms in distinct conditions. Then, we discuss some important methodologies that facilitate the imaging of these markers, such as immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques. Emphasis will be given to studies using two-photon microscopy, an approach that revolutionized the real-time assessment of neuroinflammatory processes. Finally, some studies integrating omics with microscopy will be presented. The fusion of these techniques is developing, but the high amount of data generated from these applications will certainly improve comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Isadora D'Ávila Tassinari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro de Pesquisa Experimental, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jeferson Jantsch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Victorio Bambini-Junior
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire (UCLan), Preston, UK
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16
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Arnaud K, Oliveira Moreira V, Vincent J, Dallerac G, Dubreuil C, Dupont E, Richter M, Müller UC, Rondi-Reig L, Prochiantz A, Di Nardo AA. Choroid plexus APP regulates adult brain proliferation and animal behavior. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/11/e202000703. [PMID: 34544751 PMCID: PMC8473726 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mouse choroid plexus shows elevated APP expression. sAPPα secreted into the CSF modulates neurogenic niche proliferation, whereas choroid plexus expression of fAD APP mutants leads to reduced niche proliferation, deficits in hippocampus synaptic plasticity, and learning defects. Elevated amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression in the choroid plexus suggests an important role for extracellular APP metabolites such as sAPPα in cerebrospinal fluid. Despite widespread App brain expression, we hypothesized that specifically targeting choroid plexus expression could alter animal physiology. Through various genetic and viral approaches in the adult mouse, we show that choroid plexus APP levels significantly impact proliferation in both subventricular zone and hippocampus dentate gyrus neurogenic niches. Given the role of Aβ peptides in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis, we also tested whether favoring the production of Aβ in choroid plexus could negatively affect niche functions. After AAV5-mediated long-term expression of human mutated APP specifically in the choroid plexus of adult wild-type mice, we observe reduced niche proliferation, reduced hippocampus APP expression, behavioral defects in reversal learning, and deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation. Our findings highlight the unique role played by the choroid plexus in regulating brain function and suggest that targeting APP in choroid plexus may provide a means to improve hippocampus function and alleviate disease-related burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Arnaud
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Oliveira Moreira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jean Vincent
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Labex BioPsy, ENP Foundation, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Glenn Dallerac
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Dubreuil
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Edmond Dupont
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Max Richter
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Functional Genomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike C Müller
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Functional Genomics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laure Rondi-Reig
- Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Labex BioPsy, ENP Foundation, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Prochiantz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Ariel A Di Nardo
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR7241, INSERM U1050, Labex MemoLife, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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17
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Paulo SL, Ribeiro-Rodrigues L, Rodrigues RS, Mateus JM, Fonseca-Gomes J, Soares R, Diógenes MJ, Solá S, Sebastião AM, Ribeiro FF, Xapelli S. Sustained Hippocampal Neural Plasticity Questions the Reproducibility of an Amyloid-β-Induced Alzheimer's Disease Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:1183-1202. [PMID: 34151790 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of Alzheimer's disease (AD) models obtained by intracerebral infusion of amyloid-β (Aβ) has been increasingly reported in recent years. Nonetheless, these models may present important challenges. OBJECTIVE We have focused on canonical mechanisms of hippocampal-related neural plasticity to characterize a rat model obtained by an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of soluble amyloid-β42 (Aβ42). METHODS Animal behavior was evaluated in the elevated plus maze, Y-Maze spontaneous or forced alternation, Morris water maze, and open field, starting 2 weeks post-Aβ42 infusion. Hippocampal neurogenesis was assessed 3 weeks after Aβ42 injection. Aβ deposition, tropomyosin receptor kinase B levels, and neuroinflammation were appraised at 3 and 14 days post-Aβ42 administration. RESULTS We found that immature neuronal dendritic morphology was abnormally enhanced, but proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus was conserved one month after Aβ42 injection. Surprisingly, animal behavior did not reveal changes in cognitive performance nor in locomotor and anxious-related activity. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor related-signaling was also unchanged at 3 and 14 days post-Aβ icv injection. Likewise, astrocytic and microglial markers of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus were unaltered in these time points. CONCLUSION Taken together, our data emphasize a high variability and lack of behavioral reproducibility associated with these Aβ injection-based models, as well as the need for its further optimization, aiming at addressing the gap between preclinical AD models and the human disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonor Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana M Mateus
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca-Gomes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Soares
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Solá
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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18
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Tay EXY, Chia K, Ong DST. Epigenetic plasticity and redox regulation of neural stem cell state and fate. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:116-130. [PMID: 33684459 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The neural stem cells (NSCs) are essential for normal brain development and homeostasis. The cell state (i.e. quiescent versus activated) and fate (i.e. the cell lineage of choice upon differentiation) of NSCs are tightly controlled by various redox and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. There is an increasing appreciation that redox and epigenetic regulations are intimately linked, but how this redox-epigenetics crosstalk affects NSC activity remains poorly understood. Another unresolved topic is whether the NSCs actually contribute to brain ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aim to 1) distill concepts that underlie redox and epigenetic regulation of NSC state and fate; 2) provide examples of the redox-epigenetics crosstalk in NSC biology; and 3) highlight potential redox- and epigenetic-based therapeutic opportunities to rescue NSC dysfunctions in ageing and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Xue Yun Tay
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Kimberly Chia
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Derrick Sek Tong Ong
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138673, Singapore; National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.
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19
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Peptide KED: Molecular-Genetic Aspects of Neurogenesis Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:190-193. [PMID: 34173097 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprotective peptides are promising candidate molecules for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oral application of KED (Lys-Glu-Asp) improved memory and attention in elderly individuals with functional CNS disorders. Peptide KED also restores synaptic plasticity in in vitro model of AD. This review is focused on the analysis of the influence of KED peptide on the expression of genes and synthesis of proteins regulating apoptosis, aging, neurogenesis, and involved in AD pathogenesis. Analysis of published reports and our experimental findings suggests that KED regulates the expression of genes of cell aging and apoptosis (р16, р21), genes (NES, GAP43) and proteins (nestin, GAP43) of the neuronal differentiation, and genes involved in AD pathogenesis (SUMO, APOE, and IGF1). The study the effectiveness of neuroprotective peptide KED in animal models of AD seems to be very important.
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20
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PI3K/AKT pathway mediates the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like roles of hydrogen sulfide in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats via promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:201-208. [PMID: 34087334 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), the third endogenous gasotransmitter, ameliorates the depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in diabetic rats, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present was aimed to investigate whether the hippocampal phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway mediates H2S-ameliorated depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in diabetic rats by improving the hippocampal neurogenesis. The depression-like behaviors were examined by Tail suspension test (TST), the anxiety-like behaviors were examined by Elevated plus maze test (EPM), and the locomotor activity was detected by Open Field Test (OFT). The expressions of doublecortin (DCX), neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), p-AKT, and AKT in the hippocampus were determined by Western blot analysis. Results showed that NaHS, a donor of exogenous H2S, not only activated the hippocampal PI3K/AKT pathway, as evidenced by the increase of phosphorylated AKT, but also favorably reversed streptozotocin (STZ)-disturbed hippocampal neurogenesis, as evidenced by the increases in the expressions of DCX and NeuN as well as the decrease in the expression of GFAP in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, inhibited PI3K/AKT pathway by LY294002 significantly abolished H2S-exerted the improvement of hippocampal neurogenesis and the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. Taken together, these results uncover that the activation of hippocampal PI3K/AKT pathway plays an important role to restore hippocampal neurogenesis and subsequently to mediate the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like roles of H2S in STZ-induced diabetic rats and enhance our understanding of the robustness of H2S as a therapeutic strategy for treatment of depression in diabetes mellitus.
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21
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Neuroprotective Effects of Tripeptides-Epigenetic Regulators in Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060515. [PMID: 34071923 PMCID: PMC8227791 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
KED and EDR peptides prevent dendritic spines loss in amyloid synaptotoxicity in in vitro model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this paper was to study epigenetic mechanisms of EDR and KED peptides’ neuroprotective effects on neuroplasticity and dendritic spine morphology in an AD mouse model. Daily intraperitoneal administration of the KED peptide in 5xFAD mice from 2 to 4 months of age at a concentration of 400 μg/kg tended to increase neuroplasticity. KED and EDR peptides prevented dendritic spine loss in 5xFAD-M mice. Their action’s possible molecular mechanisms were investigated by molecular modeling and docking of peptides in dsDNA, containing all possible combinations of hexanucleotide sequences. Similar DNA sequences were found in the lowest-energy complexes of the studied peptides with DNA in the classical B-form. EDR peptide has binding sites in the promoter region of CASP3, NES, GAP43, APOE, SOD2, PPARA, PPARG, GDX1 genes. Protein products of these genes are involved in AD pathogenesis. The neuroprotective effect of EDR and KED peptides in AD can be defined by their ability to prevent dendritic spine elimination and neuroplasticity impairments at the molecular epigenetic level.
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22
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Babcock KR, Page JS, Fallon JR, Webb AE. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:681-693. [PMID: 33636114 PMCID: PMC8072031 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) severely impact daily life for the millions of affected individuals. Progressive memory impairment in AD patients is associated with degeneration of the hippocampus. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, a region critical for learning and memory functions, is a site of adult neurogenesis in mammals. Recent evidence in humans indicates that hippocampal neurogenesis likely persists throughout life, but declines with age and is strikingly impaired in AD. Our understanding of how neurogenesis supports learning and memory in healthy adults is only beginning to emerge. The extent to which decreased neurogenesis contributes to cognitive decline in aging and AD remains poorly understood. However, studies in rodent models of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases raise the possibility that targeting neurogenesis may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in AD. Here, we review recent progress in understanding how adult neurogenesis is impacted in the context of aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey R Babcock
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - John S Page
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Justin R Fallon
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Ashley E Webb
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center for Translational Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Center on the Biology of Aging, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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23
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Yu CC, Du YJ, Wang SQ, Liu LB, Shen F, Wang L, Lin YF, Kong LH. Experimental Evidence of the Benefits of Acupuncture for Alzheimer's Disease: An Updated Review. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:549772. [PMID: 33408601 PMCID: PMC7779610 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.549772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the global population ages, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is also increasing. At present, there are no widely recognized drugs able to ameliorate the cognitive dysfunction caused by AD. The failure of several promising clinical trials in recent years has highlighted the urgent need for novel strategies to both prevent and treat AD. Notably, a growing body of literature supports the efficacy of acupuncture for AD. In this review, we summarize the previously reported mechanisms of acupuncture's beneficial effects in AD, including the ability of acupuncture to modulate Aβ metabolism, tau phosphorylation, neurotransmitters, neurogenesis, synapse and neuron function, autophagy, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, cerebral glucose metabolism, and brain responses. Taken together, these findings suggest that acupuncture provides therapeutic effects for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chao Yu
- Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Jun Du
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu-Qin Wang
- Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Le-Bin Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hubei Rongjun Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Shen
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Lin
- Department of Tuina, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,The Fourth Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Hong Kong
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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24
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Leptin enhances adult neurogenesis and reduces pathological features in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105219. [PMID: 33301880 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide and is characterized by the presence of senile plaques by amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein. These changes lead to progressive neuronal degeneration and dysfunction, resulting in severe brain atrophy and cognitive deficits. With the discovery that neurogenesis persists in the adult mammalian brain, including brain regions affected by AD, studies of the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases to repair or prevent neuronal cell loss have increased. Here we demonstrate that leptin administration increases the neurogenic process in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus as well as in the subventricular zone of lateral ventricles of adult and aged mice. Chronic treatment with leptin increased NSCs proliferation with significant effects on proliferation and differentiation of newborn cells. The expression of the long form of the leptin receptor, LepRb, was detected in the neurogenic niches by reverse qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, leptin modulated astrogliosis, microglial cell number and the formation of senile plaques. Additionally, leptin led to attenuation of Aβ-induced neurodegeneration and superoxide anion production as revealed by Fluoro-Jade B and dihydroethidium staining. Our study contributes to the understanding of the effects of leptin in the brain that may lead to the development of new therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease.
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Arredondo SB, Valenzuela-Bezanilla D, Mardones MD, Varela-Nallar L. Role of Wnt Signaling in Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:860. [PMID: 33042988 PMCID: PMC7525004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis persists during adulthood in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Signals provided by the local hippocampal microenvironment support neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of newborn neurons into functional dentate granule cells, that integrate into the neural circuit and contribute to hippocampal function. Increasing evidence indicates that Wnt signaling regulates multiple aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Wnt ligands bind to Frizzled receptors and co-receptors to activate the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, or the non-canonical β-catenin-independent signaling cascades Wnt/Ca2+ and Wnt/planar cell polarity. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the roles of Wnt signaling components including ligands, receptors/co-receptors and soluble modulators in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Also, we review the data suggesting distinctive roles for canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling cascades in regulating different stages of neurogenesis. Finally, we discuss the evidence linking the dysfunction of Wnt signaling to the decline of neurogenesis observed in aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lorena Varela-Nallar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Yamakawa M, Santosa SM, Chawla N, Ivakhnitskaia E, Del Pino M, Giakas S, Nadel A, Bontu S, Tambe A, Guo K, Han KY, Cortina MS, Yu C, Rosenblatt MI, Chang JH, Azar DT. Transgenic models for investigating the nervous system: Currently available neurofluorescent reporters and potential neuronal markers. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129595. [PMID: 32173376 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant DNA technologies have enabled the development of transgenic animal models for use in studying a myriad of diseases and biological states. By placing fluorescent reporters under the direct regulation of the promoter region of specific marker proteins, these models can localize and characterize very specific cell types. One important application of transgenic species is the study of the cytoarchitecture of the nervous system. Neurofluorescent reporters can be used to study the structural patterns of nerves in the central or peripheral nervous system in vivo, as well as phenomena involving embryologic or adult neurogenesis, injury, degeneration, and recovery. Furthermore, crucial molecular factors can also be screened via the transgenic approach, which may eventually play a major role in the development of therapeutic strategies against diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. This review describes currently available reporters and their uses in the literature as well as potential neural markers that can be leveraged to create additional, robust transgenic models for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Yamakawa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Samuel M Santosa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Neeraj Chawla
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Evguenia Ivakhnitskaia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Matthew Del Pino
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Giakas
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Arnold Nadel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Sneha Bontu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Arjun Tambe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Kyu-Yeon Han
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Maria Soledad Cortina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Charles Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Dimitri T Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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27
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Multiple inflammatory profiles of microglia and altered neuroimages in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 156:86-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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28
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Impact of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 in Alzheimer's Disease (AD): From Risk Factors to Therapeutic Targeting. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020383. [PMID: 32046119 PMCID: PMC7072620 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of dementia, with accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) as defining pathological features. AD presents a serious global health concern with no cure to date, reflecting the complexity of its pathogenesis. Recent evidence indicates that neuroinflammation serves as the link between amyloid deposition, Tau pathology, and neurodegeneration. The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, an initiator and activator of neuroinflammatory responses, has been involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including AD. HMGB1 is a typical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein that exerts its biological activity mainly through binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). RAGE and TLR4 are key components of the innate immune system that both bind to HMGB1. Targeting of HMGB1, RAGE, and TLR4 in experimental AD models has demonstrated beneficial effects in halting AD progression by suppressing neuroinflammation, reducing Aβ load and production, improving spatial learning, and inhibiting microglial stimulation. Herein, we discuss the contribution of HMGB1 and its receptor signaling in neuroinflammation and AD pathogenesis, providing evidence of its beneficial effects upon therapeutic targeting.
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Kong X, Gong Z, Zhang L, Sun X, Ou Z, Xu B, Huang J, Long D, He X, Lin X, Li Q, Xu L, Xuan A. JAK2/STAT3 signaling mediates IL-6-inhibited neurogenesis of neural stem cells through DNA demethylation/methylation. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 79:159-173. [PMID: 30763768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, considered as a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), has been demonstrated to affect hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a proinflammatory cytokine known to modulate neurogenesis. However, the mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we reported that IL-6 suppressed neurogenesis via a JAK2/STAT3 signaling in neural stem cells (NSCs). Importantly, we found that NeuroD1 (Neurogenic differentiation 1) gene expression, which drives NSCs neurodifferentiation, was regulated by TET3 and DNMT1 in a JAK2/STAT3-dependent manner. We further found that JAK2/STAT3 inhibition enhanced demethylation of NeuroD1 regulatory elements in IL-6-treated cells, which is related to the significant upregulation of TET3 expression as well as the decreased expression of DNMT1. Furthermore, Inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 significantly rescued the memory deficits and hippocampal neurogenesis dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice. Our data suggest that JAK2/STAT3 signaling plays a vital role in suppressing neurogenesis of NSCs exposed to IL-6 at the epigenetic level, by regulating DNA methylation/demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejian Kong
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China; Department of Neurology of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511518, China
| | - Zhuo Gong
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiangdong Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhenri Ou
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jingyi Huang
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Dahong Long
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xiaohong Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Aiguo Xuan
- Institute of Neuroscience of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China.
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30
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Rodrigues RS, Lourenço DM, Paulo SL, Mateus JM, Ferreira MF, Mouro FM, Moreira JB, Ribeiro FF, Sebastião AM, Xapelli S. Cannabinoid Actions on Neural Stem Cells: Implications for Pathophysiology. Molecules 2019; 24:E1350. [PMID: 30959794 PMCID: PMC6480122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increase of life expectancy, neurodegenerative disorders are becoming not only a health but also a social burden worldwide. However, due to the multitude of pathophysiological disease states, current treatments fail to meet the desired outcomes. Therefore, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies focusing on more integrated, personalized and effective approaches. The prospect of using neural stem cells (NSC) as regenerative therapies is very promising, however several issues still need to be addressed. In particular, the potential actions of pharmacological agents used to modulate NSC activity are highly relevant. With the ongoing discussion of cannabinoid usage for medical purposes and reports drawing attention to the effects of cannabinoids on NSC regulation, there is an enormous, and yet, uncovered potential for cannabinoids as treatment options for several neurological disorders, specifically when combined with stem cell therapy. In this manuscript, we review in detail how cannabinoids act as potent regulators of NSC biology and their potential to modulate several neurogenic features in the context of pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Diogo M Lourenço
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sara L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Joana M Mateus
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Miguel F Ferreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Francisco M Mouro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - João B Moreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Filipa F Ribeiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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31
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Zeng Q, Long Z, Feng M, Zhao Y, Luo S, Wang K, Wang Y, Yang G, He G. Valproic Acid Stimulates Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in the APP/PS1/Nestin-GFP Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:62. [PMID: 30971911 PMCID: PMC6443965 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and massive loss of neuronal cells in the brain. Adult hippocampus continuously generates new neurons throughout life to shape brain function and impaired neurogenesis may contribute to a series of cognitive deterioration associated with AD. Enhancing endogenous neurogenesis represents a promising strategy that may ameliorate AD-associated cognitive defects. However, neurogenesis-enhancing approaches and underlying mechanisms are still not well studied. Here, using a mouse model of AD amyloid precursor protein (APP/PS1/Nestin-GFP triple transgenic mice, 3xTgAD), we examined the effects of 4 weeks of valproic acid (VPA) treatment on hippocampal neurogenesis in 2- and 6-month-old mice. VPA treatment promoted cell proliferation and increased the density of immature neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of 3xTgAD mice. Consistent with enhanced neurogenesis, behavioral and morphological analysis showed that VPA treatment improved the learning and memory ability of 3xTgAD mice. Mechanistically, VPA treatment increased β-catenin levels, accumulated the inactive form of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and induced the expression of NeuroD1, a Wnt target gene involved in neurogenesis, suggesting the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in the hippocampus of 3xTgAD mice. This study indicates that VPA stimulates neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus of AD mice model through the Wnt pathway, highlighting VPA as a potential therapeutic for treating AD and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhimin Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yueyang Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shifang Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Guiqiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang X, Zhang M, Liu H. LncRNA17A regulates autophagy and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cell line as an in vitro model for Alzheimer's disease. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:609-621. [PMID: 30652945 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1562874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggest that a variety of Long-non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are widely implicated in several neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aims to investigate the regulatory effect of LncRNA 17A in an in vitro model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD cell model was established by treating the SH-SY5Y cells with amyloid β peptide 1-42, and then the cells were transfected with 17A shRNA and pcDNA-17A. Apoptosis, migration, invasion and ELISA assays were performed to investigate the effect of differentiated 17A expression level on AD cell line. It was determined that 17A-overexpressing promotes autophagy, induces neurodegenration and deactivates GABAB signaling. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the dysregulation of LncRNA 17A was involved in cellular functions and biological processes of neuroblastoma cells in an AD cell model, shedding light on the diagnostic value and therapeutic potential of LncRNA 17A for AD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Wang
- a Department of Neurology , The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan Province , China
| | - Min Zhang
- a Department of Neurology , The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan Province , China
| | - Hengfang Liu
- a Department of Neurology , The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan Province , China
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33
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Cheng X, Yao H, Xiang Y, Chen L, Xiao M, Wang Z, Xiao H, Wang L, Wang S, Wang Y. Effect of Angelica polysaccharide on brain senescence of Nestin-GFP mice induced by D-galactose. Neurochem Int 2019; 122:149-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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34
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Dard RF, Dahan L, Rampon C. Targeting hippocampal adult neurogenesis using transcription factors to reduce Alzheimer's disease-associated memory impairments. Hippocampus 2018; 29:579-586. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin F. Dard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI); Université de Toulouse, UPS; CNRS; Toulouse France
- Master BioSciences; ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon; France
| | - Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI); Université de Toulouse, UPS; CNRS; Toulouse France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI); Université de Toulouse, UPS; CNRS; Toulouse France
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35
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Direct Conversion of Mouse Fibroblasts into Neural Stem Cells by Chemical Cocktail Requires Stepwise Activation of Growth Factors and Nup210. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1355-1362.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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36
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Yao Q, Feng M, Yang B, Long Z, Luo S, Luo M, He G, Wang K. Effects of ovarian hormone loss on neuritic plaques and autophagic flux in the brains of adult female APP/PS1 double-transgenic mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:447-455. [PMID: 29617703 PMCID: PMC5946928 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that women account for two-thirds of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) cases, for which the decline in circulating gonadal hormone is considered to be one of the major risk factors. In addition, ovarian hormone deficiency may affect β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, which has a close relationship with autophagic flux. In this study, we investigated the impact of short-term or long-term ovarian hormone deprivation on two mouse models, the non-transgenic (wild-type) and the APP/PS1 double-transgenic AD (2×TgAD) model. Autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, LC3, and p62) and lysosome-related proteins were detected to evaluate Aβ deposition and autophagy. Our results showed that in the group with short-term depletion of ovarian hormones by ovariectomy (ovx), Beclin1, Cathepsin B (Cath-B), and LAMP1 levels were significantly decreased, while the levels of LC3-II and p62 were increased. In the long-term group, however, there was a sharp decline in Beclin1, LC3-II, Cath-B, and LAMP1 expression but not in p62 expression which is increased. It is worthwhile to note that the occurrence of neuritic plaque-induced ovarian hormone loss increased both the Aβ level and neuritic plaque deposition in 2×TgAD mice. Therefore, autophagy may play an important role in the pathogenesis of female AD, which is also expected to help post-menopausal patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Min Feng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhimin Long
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shifang Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Min Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Correspondence address. Tel: +86-23-68485763; Fax: +86-23-68485000; E-mail:
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Corrêa-Velloso JC, Gonçalves MC, Naaldijk Y, Oliveira-Giacomelli Á, Pillat MM, Ulrich H. Pathophysiology in the comorbidity of Bipolar Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease: pharmacological and stem cell approaches. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:34-53. [PMID: 28476640 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders involve various pathological mechanisms, resulting in neurodegeneration and brain atrophy. Neurodevelopmental processes have shown to be critical for the progression of those disorders, which are based on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms as well as on extrinsic factors. We review here common mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of Bipolar Disorders and Alzheimer's Disease, such as aberrant neurogenesis and neurotoxicity, reporting current therapeutic approaches. The understanding of these mechanisms precedes stem cell-based strategies as a new therapeutic possibility for treatment and prevention of Bipolar and Alzheimer's Disease progression. Taking into account the difficulty of studying the molecular basis of disease progression directly in patients, we also discuss the importance of stem cells for effective drug screening, modeling and treating psychiatric diseases, once in vitro differentiation of patient-induced pluripotent stem cells provides relevant information about embryonic origins, intracellular pathways and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C Corrêa-Velloso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Cb Gonçalves
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurociências, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, São Paulo, SP 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ágatha Oliveira-Giacomelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Micheli M Pillat
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.
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38
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Effects of Scopolamine and Melatonin Cotreatment on Cognition, Neuronal Damage, and Neurogenesis in the Mouse Dentate Gyrus. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:600-608. [PMID: 29260493 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that melatonin plays important roles in memory improvement and promotes neurogenesis in experimental animals. We examined effects of melatonin on cognitive deficits, neuronal damage, cell proliferation, neuroblast differentiation and neuronal maturation in the mouse dentate gyrus after cotreatment of scopolamine (anticholinergic agent) and melatonin. Scopolamine (1 mg/kg) and melatonin (10 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally injected for 2 and/or 4 weeks to 8-week-old mice. Scopolamine treatment induced significant cognitive deficits 2 and 4 weeks after scopolamine treatment, however, cotreatment of scopolamine and melatonin significantly improved spatial learning and short-term memory impairments. Two and 4 weeks after scopolamine treatment, neurons were not damaged/dead in the dentate gyrus, in addition, no neuronal damage/death was shown after cotreatment of scopolamine and melatonin. Ki67 (a marker for cell proliferation)- and doublecortin (a marker for neuroblast differentiation)-positive cells were significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus 2 and 4 weeks after scopolamine treatment, however, cotreatment of scopolamine and melatonin significantly increased Ki67- and doublecortin-positive cells compared with scopolamine-treated group. However, double immunofluorescence for NeuN/BrdU, which indicates newly-generated mature neurons, did not show double-labeled cells (adult neurogenesis) in the dentate gyrus 2 and 4 weeks after cotreatment of scopolamine and melatonin. Our results suggest that melatonin treatment recovers scopolamine-induced spatial learning and short-term memory impairments and restores or increases scopolamine-induced decrease of cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation, but does not lead to adult neurogenesis (maturation of neurons) in the mouse dentate gyrus following scopolamine treatment.
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Yu S, Hei Y, Liu W. Upregulation of seladin-1 and nestin expression in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation via the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in an Alzheimer's disease model. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:7443-7449. [PMID: 29731895 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the roles of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) transplantation in a model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and determine the underlying mechanism. The expression of selective Alzheimer's disease indicator-1 (Seladin-1) and nestin was detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 inhibitors, LY294002 and PD98059, were employed to evaluate the molecular mechanism. The results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression of Seladin-1 and nestin was lower in the AD group when compared with the control group. BM-MSC transplantation reversed this decrease in expression, potentially by increasing the protein expression of phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase B (Akt) and p-ERK1/2. In addition, LY294002 (the PI3K inhibitor) and/or PD98059 (the ERK1/2 inhibitor) blocked the enhancement of BM-MSC transplantation on the expression of Seladin-1 and nestin in the hippocampus. These results indicated that BM-MSC transplantation enhanced Seladin-1 and nestin expression potentially via a mechanism associated with the activation of the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. The present study offers preliminary evidence that treatment with BM-MSCs may represent a potential therapeutic approach against brain lesions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, No. 303 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yue Hei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, P.R. China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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O'Léime CS, Cryan JF, Nolan YM. Nuclear deterrents: Intrinsic regulators of IL-1β-induced effects on hippocampal neurogenesis. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:394-412. [PMID: 28751020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis, the process by which new neurons are born and develop into the host circuitry, begins during embryonic development and persists throughout adulthood. Over the last decade considerable insights have been made into the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in cognitive function and the cellular mechanisms behind this process. Additionally, an increasing amount of evidence exists on the impact of environmental factors, such as stress and neuroinflammation on hippocampal neurogenesis and subsequent impairments in cognition. Elevated expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus is established as a significant contributor to the neuronal demise evident in many neurological and psychiatric disorders and is now known to negatively regulate hippocampal neurogenesis. In order to prevent the deleterious effects of IL-1β on neurogenesis it is necessary to identify signalling pathways and regulators of neurogenesis within neural progenitor cells that can interact with IL-1β. Nuclear receptors are ligand regulated transcription factors that are involved in modulating a large number of cellular processes including neurogenesis. In this review we focus on the signalling mechanisms of specific nuclear receptors involved in regulating neurogenesis (glucocorticoid receptors, peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, estrogen receptors, and nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group E member 1 (NR2E1 or TLX)). We propose that these nuclear receptors could be targeted to inhibit neuroinflammatory signalling pathways associated with IL-1β. We discuss their potential to be therapeutic targets for neuroinflammatory disorders affecting hippocampal neurogenesis and associated cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán S O'Léime
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Nolan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Salmin VV, Komleva YK, Kuvacheva NV, Morgun AV, Khilazheva ED, Lopatina OL, Pozhilenkova EA, Shapovalov KA, Uspenskaya YA, Salmina AB. Differential Roles of Environmental Enrichment in Alzheimer's Type of Neurodegeneration and Physiological Aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:245. [PMID: 28798684 PMCID: PMC5526976 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of hippocampal adult neurogenesis in aging or degenerating brain is a well-known phenomenon caused by the shortage of brain stem cell pool, alterations in the local microenvironment within the neurogenic niches, or deregulation of stem cell development. Environmental enrichment (EE) has been proposed as a potent tool to restore brain functions, to prevent aging-associated neurodegeneration, and to cure neuronal deficits seen in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we report our data on the effects of environmental enrichment on hippocampal neurogenesis in vivo and neurosphere-forming capacity of hippocampal stem/progenitor cells in vitro. Two models - Alzheimer's type of neurodegeneration and physiological brain aging - were chosen for the comparative analysis of EE effects. We found that environmental enrichment greatly affects the expression of markers specific for stem cells, progenitor cells and differentiated neurons (Pax6, Ngn2, NeuroD1, NeuN) in the hippocampus of young adult rats or rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD) model but less efficiently in aged animals. Application of time-lag mathematical model for the analysis of impedance traces obtained in real-time monitoring of cell proliferation in vitro revealed that EE could restore neurosphere-forming capacity of hippocampal stem/progenitor cells more efficiently in young adult animals (fourfold greater in the control group comparing to the AD model group) but not in the aged rats (no positive effect of environmental enrichment at all). In accordance with the results obtained in vivo, EE was almost ineffective in the recovery of hippocampal neurogenic reserve in vitro in aged, but not in amyloid-treated or young adult, rats. Therefore, EE-based neuroprotective strategies effective in Aβ-affected brain could not be directly extrapolated to aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Salmin
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia K Komleva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V Kuvacheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Morgun
- Department of Pediatrics, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena D Khilazheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Olga L Lopatina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Elena A Pozhilenkova
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Shapovalov
- Department of Medical and Biological Physics, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Yulia A Uspenskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Alla B Salmina
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical, Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia.,Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after Prof. V.F. Voino-YasenetskyKrasnoyarsk, Russia
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Li SH, Gao P, Wang LT, Yan YH, Xia Y, Song J, Li HY, Yang JX. Osthole Stimulated Neural Stem Cells Differentiation into Neurons in an Alzheimer's Disease Cell Model via Upregulation of MicroRNA-9 and Rescued the Functional Impairment of Hippocampal Neurons in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:340. [PMID: 28659755 PMCID: PMC5468409 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most serious neurodegenerative disease worldwide and is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and multiple neurological changes, including neuronal loss in the brain. However, there are no available drugs to delay or cure this disease. Consequently, neuronal replacement therapy may be a strategy to treat AD. Osthole (Ost), a natural coumarin derivative, crosses the blood-brain barrier and exerts strong neuroprotective effects against AD in vitro and in vivo. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have demonstrated a crucial role in pathological processes of AD, implying that targeting miRNAs could be a therapeutic approach to AD. In the present study, we investigated whether Ost could enhance cell viability and prevent cell death in amyloid precursor protein (APP)-expressing neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as promote APP-expressing NSCs differentiation into more neurons by upregulating microRNA (miR)-9 and inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway in vitro. In addition, Ost treatment in APP/PS1 double transgenic (Tg) mice markedly restored cognitive functions, reduced Aβ plague production and rescued functional impairment of hippocampal neurons. The results of the present study provides evidence of the neurogenesis effects and neurobiological mechanisms of Ost against AD, suggesting that Ost is a promising drug for treatment of AD or other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Heng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDalian, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Li-Tong Wang
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical UniversityDalian, China
| | - Yu-Hui Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDalian, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Engineering, University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDalian, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDalian, China
| | - Jing-Xian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese MedicineDalian, China
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PM 2.5 Exposure Suppresses Dendritic Maturation in Subgranular Zone in Aged Rats. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:50-57. [PMID: 28275902 PMCID: PMC5487878 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Detrimental effects of long-term inhalation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems have been widely reported. Recent studies have shown that exposure to PM2.5 also causes adverse neurocognitive effects. This study investigates the effects of inhaled ammonium sulfate, which is a major compound of inorganic air pollutants in PM2.5, on adult neurogenesis in aged Sprague-Dawley rats. A total of 20 rats were randomly assigned to experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 10) conditions, wherein they were exposed to either ammonium sulfate or sham air for 2 h per day and for 28 consecutive days. It was observed that ammonium sulfate inhibited the maturation process and diminished dendritic complexity of immature neurons in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus significantly, although the number of neural stem cells or the rates of differentiation were comparable between the two groups. Our findings provide clear evidence on the direct relationship between air quality and advantageous neurogenesis. Exposure to PM leads to specific adverse effects on the maturation process during neurogenesis.
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Zhang ZX, Zhao RP, Wang DS, Wang AN. Fuzhisan ameliorates Aβ production and tau phosphorylation in hippocampal of 11 month old APP/PS1 transgenic mice: A Western blot study. Exp Gerontol 2016; 84:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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