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Jellestad L, Zeffiro T, Mörgeli H, Piccirelli M, Jaillard A, Pasi P, Shepherd NR, Mueller-Pfeiffer C. Atypical attention and saccade vigor in post-traumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:361-367. [PMID: 39083994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Effective attention control is essential for behavioral adaptation to different environmental contexts. In Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) altered attention has been described in trauma-related and other emotional contexts. Nevertheless, atypical attention is also seen with neutral stimuli. The mechanisms of attention alterations in PTSD associated with neutral stimuli are poorly understood. The present study investigates alerting and orienting responses in PTSD participants using emotionally neutral stimuli in a saccade eye movement task incorporating both spatially predictable and temporally unpredictable conditions. We studied 23 PTSD patients and 27 Non-PTSD controls, using repeated-measures mixed modeling to estimate group and task condition differences in behavioral and psychophysiological measures. We explored the relationships among saccade characteristics, pupil size, and PTSD symptoms, including CAPS hypervigilance scores. PTSD, compared to Non-PTSD, participants showed differences in their saccade 'main sequence', reflected by higher peak velocities adjusted for amplitude. PTSD participants had smaller primary position errors in the unpredictable saccade condition. They also exhibited greater hyperarousal, reflected by larger pupil size during fixation that was greater in the unpredictable condition. Our results suggest that a heightened state of arousal and hypervigilance in PTSD leads to a state of atypical attention bias, even in emotionally neutral contexts. These differences may reflect higher saccade vigor. The observed differences suggest atypical attention in PTSD, which goes beyond possible distraction associated with emotional or threat-related stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Jellestad
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Zeffiro
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Neurometrika, Potomac, MD, United States
| | - Hanspeter Mörgeli
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Piccirelli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Assia Jaillard
- AGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), France; IRM 3T Recherche, IRMaGe, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), France
| | - Patrick Pasi
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Naomi Ruth Shepherd
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mueller-Pfeiffer
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Valencia N, Seeger FR, Seitz KI, Carius L, Nkrumah RO, Schmitz M, Bertsch K, Herpertz SC. Childhood maltreatment and transdiagnostic connectivity of the default-mode network: The importance of duration of exposure. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 177:239-248. [PMID: 39033670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been demonstrated to be associated with changes in resting-state functional connectivity of the default-mode network (DMN) across various mental disorders. Growing evidence regarding severity of CM is available but transdiagnostic research considering the role of both severity and duration of CM for DMN connectivity at rest is still scarce. We recruited a sample of participants with varying levels of CM suffering from three disorders in which a history of CM is frequently found, namely, post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, or somatic symptom disorder, as well as healthy volunteers to examine DMN connectivity in a transdiagnostic sample. We expected to find changes in inter-network connectivity of the DMN related to higher self-reported levels of CM severity and duration. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans of 128 participants were analyzed focusing on regions of interest (ROI-to-ROI approach) and whole-brain Seed-to-Voxel analyses with retrospectively assessed CM as predictor in a regression model. Changes in connectivity between nodes of the DMN and the visual network were identified to be associated with CM duration but not severity. CM duration showed associations with increased connectivity of the precuneus and visual regions, as well as sensory-motor regions. The observed changes in connectivity could be interpreted as an impairment of information transfer between the transmodal DMN and unimodal visual and sensory-motor regions with impairment increasing with duration of exposure to CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Valencia
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Fabian R Seeger
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja I Seitz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Carius
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard O Nkrumah
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marius Schmitz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany; Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-University Wuerzburg, Marcusstr. 9-11, 97070, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine C Herpertz
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Voßstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim/Heidelberg/Ulm, Germany
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Harnett NG, Fleming LL, Clancy KJ, Ressler KJ, Rosso IM. Affective Visual Circuit Dysfunction in Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)01433-1. [PMID: 38996901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is widely recognized as involving disruption of core neurocircuitry that underlies processing, regulation, and response to threat. In particular, the prefrontal cortex-hippocampal-amygdala circuit is a major contributor to posttraumatic dysfunction. However, the functioning of core threat neurocircuitry is partially dependent on sensorial inputs, and previous research has demonstrated that dense, reciprocal connections exist between threat circuits and the ventral visual stream. Furthermore, emergent evidence suggests that trauma exposure and resultant PTSD symptoms are associated with altered structure and function of the ventral visual stream. In the current review, we discuss evidence that both threat and visual circuitry together are an integral part of PTSD pathogenesis. An overview of the relevance of visual processing to PTSD is discussed in the context of both basic and translational research, highlighting the impact of stress on affective visual circuitry. This review further synthesizes emergent literature to suggest potential timing-dependent effects of traumatic stress on threat and visual circuits that may contribute to PTSD development. We conclude with recommendations for future research to move the field toward a more complete understanding of PTSD neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel G Harnett
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Leland L Fleming
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin J Clancy
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Isabelle M Rosso
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Arslanbek A, Malhotra B, Stickley KS, Herres J, Spooner H, Lamb DG, Levy CE, Williamson JB, Kaimal G. Exploring the evocative qualities of masks' visual imagery and their associations with adversity and trauma. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1337927. [PMID: 38919795 PMCID: PMC11196919 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1337927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies suggest a relationship between the emotional evocativeness of visual imagery and viewer responses, however, there is limited understanding of these associations, especially as they relate to viewers' personal experiences of adversities. Methods In this exploratory study, we examined the relationship between the visual content of mask images and viewers' responses. In an online survey 699 participants (of n = 1,010 total initial participants) rated 98 masks based on valence, arousal, and personal relevance and completed the Life Events Checklist. The masks included those created by service members (SMs) with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depicting physical, psychological, and moral injuries and matched neutral masks created by creative arts therapists and arts in health scholars. Findings The findings indicated that responses to mask image content (traumatic versus neutral) were associated with viewers' personal history of adversity and trauma. Specifically, images representing injury/trauma provoked stronger reactions on valence and arousal than neutral images. Moreover, participants with personal histories of trauma had heightened emotional responses to distressing imagery. Discussion These findings have implications for art therapists as well as for clinical and general populations in that these results highlight the potential impact of distressing imagery particularly for individuals with personal histories of experiencing or witnessing traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Arslanbek
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Arts and Letters. The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Bani Malhotra
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kristyn S. Stickley
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joanna Herres
- The College of New Jersey, Hamilton, NJ, United States
| | - Heather Spooner
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Damon G. Lamb
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Charles E. Levy
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John B. Williamson
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Malcom Randall Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Girija Kaimal
- Department of Creative Arts Therapies, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Granger SJ, May V, Hammack SE, Akman E, Jobson SA, Olson EA, Pernia CD, Daskalakis NP, Ravichandran C, Carlezon WA, Ressler KJ, Rauch SL, Rosso IM. Circulating PACAP levels are associated with altered imaging measures of entorhinal cortex neurite density in posttraumatic stress disorder. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2335793. [PMID: 38590134 PMCID: PMC11005872 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2335793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) regulates plasticity in brain systems underlying arousal and memory and is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research in animal models suggests that PACAP modulates entorhinal cortex (EC) input to the hippocampus, contributing to impaired contextual fear conditioning. In PTSD, PACAP is associated with higher activity of the amygdala to threat stimuli and lower functional connectivity of the amygdala and hippocampus. However, PACAP-affiliated structural alterations of these regions have not been investigated in PTSD. Here, we examined whether peripheral PACAP levels were associated with neuronal morphology of the amygdala and hippocampus (primary analyses), and EC (secondary) using Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging.Methods: Sixty-four (44 female) adults (19 to 54 years old) with DSM-5 Criterion A trauma exposure completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), a blood draw, and magnetic resonance imaging. PACAP38 radioimmunoassay was performed and T1-weighted and multi-shell diffusion-weighted images were acquired. Neurite Density Index (NDI) and Orientation Dispersion Index (ODI) were quantified in the amygdala, hippocampus, and EC. CAPS-5 total score and anxious arousal score were used to test for clinical associations with brain structure.Results: Higher PACAP levels were associated with greater EC NDI (β = 0.0099, q = 0.032) and lower EC ODI (β = -0.0073, q = 0.047), and not hippocampal or amygdala measures. Neither EC NDI nor ODI was associated with clinical measures.Conclusions: Circulating PACAP levels were associated with altered neuronal density of the EC but not the hippocampus or amygdala. These findings strengthen evidence that PACAP may impact arousal-associated memory circuits in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Granger
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor May
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Eylül Akman
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Sydney A. Jobson
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Olson
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cameron D. Pernia
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Basic Neuroscience Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nikos P. Daskalakis
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Basic Neuroscience Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Ravichandran
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Lurie Center for Autism, Massachusetts General Hospital, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - William A. Carlezon
- Basic Neuroscience Division, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott L. Rauch
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle M. Rosso
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Korem N, Duek O, Spiller T, Ben-Zion Z, Levy I, Harpaz-Rotem I. Emotional State Transitions in Trauma-Exposed Individuals With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e246813. [PMID: 38625701 PMCID: PMC11022112 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.6813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is marked by the contrasting symptoms of hyperemotional reactivity and emotional numbing (ie, reduced emotional reactivity). Comprehending the mechanism that governs the transition between neutral and negative emotional states is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Objectives To explore whether individuals with PTSD experience a more pronounced shift between neutral and negative emotional states and how the intensity of emotional numbing symptoms impacts this shift. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used hierarchical bayesian modeling to fit a 5-parameter logistic regression to analyze the valence ratings of images. The aim was to compare the curve's slope between groups and explore its association with the severity of emotional numbing symptoms. The study was conducted online, using 35 images with a valence range from highly negative to neutral. The rating of these images was used to assess the emotional responses of the participants. The study recruited trauma-exposed individuals (witnessed or experienced life-threatening incident, violent assault, or someone being killed) between January 17 and March 8, 2023. Participants completed the PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5) (PCL-5). Exposure On the basis of DSM-5 criteria (endorsing at least 1 symptom from clusters B and C and 2 from D and E), participants were categorized as having probable PTSD (pPTSD) or as trauma-exposed controls (TECs). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was the slope parameter (b) of the logistic curve fitted to the valence rating. The slope parameter indicates the rate at which emotional response intensity changes with stimulus valence, reflecting how quickly the transition occurs between neutral and negatively valenced states. The secondary outcome was the association between emotional numbing (PCL-5 items 12-14) and the slope parameter. Results A total of 1440 trauma-exposed individuals were included. The pPTSD group (n = 445) was younger (mean [SD] age, 36.1 [10.9] years) compared with the TEC group (mean [SD] age, 41.5 [13.3] years; P < .001). Sex distribution (427 women in the TEC group vs 230 in the pPTSD group) did not significantly differ between groups (P = .67). The pPTSD group exhibited a steeper slope (mean slope difference, -0.255; 89% highest posterior density [HPD], -0.340 to -0.171) compared with the controls. Across all individuals (n = 1440), a robust association was found between the slope and emotional numbing severity (mean [SD] additive value, 0.100 [0.031]; 89% HPD, 0.051-0.15). Additional analysis controlling for age confirmed the association between emotional numbing and transition sharpness (mean [SD] additive value, 0.108 [0.032]; 89% HPD, 0.056-0.159), without evidence of an age-related association (mean [SD] additive value, 0.031 [0.033]; 89% HPD, -0.022 to 0.083). Conclusions and Relevance These findings support that individuals with PTSD undergo rapid transitions between neutral and negative emotional states, a phenomenon intensified by the severity of emotional numbing symptoms. Therapeutic interventions aimed at moderating these swift emotional transitions could potentially alleviate PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachshon Korem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Or Duek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Community Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tobias Spiller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ziv Ben-Zion
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
| | - Ifat Levy
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University New Haven, New Haven, Connecticut
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Sendi M, Fu Z, Harnett N, van Rooij S, Vergara V, Pizzagalli D, Daskalakis N, House S, Beaudoin F, An X, Neylan T, Clifford G, Jovanovic T, Linnstaedt S, Germine L, Bollen K, Rauch S, Haran J, Storrow A, Lewandowski C, Musey P, Hendry P, Sheikh S, Jones C, Punches B, Swor R, Gentile N, Murty V, Hudak L, Pascual J, Seamon M, Harris E, Chang A, Pearson C, Peak D, Merchant R, Domeier R, Rathlev N, O'Neil B, Sergot P, Sanchez L, Bruce S, Sheridan J, Harte S, Kessler R, Koenen K, McLean S, Stevens J, Calhoun V, Ressler K. Brain dynamics reflecting an intra-network brain state is associated with increased posttraumatic stress symptoms in the early aftermath of trauma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4004473. [PMID: 38496567 PMCID: PMC10942549 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4004473/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the association between brain dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) and current/future posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom severity, and the impact of sex on this relationship. By analyzing 275 participants' dFNC data obtained ~2 weeks after trauma exposure, we noted that brain dynamics of an inter-network brain state link negatively with current (r=-0.179, pcorrected= 0.021) and future (r=-0.166, pcorrected= 0.029) PTS symptom severity. Also, dynamics of an intra-network brain state correlated with future symptom intensity (r = 0.192, pcorrected = 0.021). We additionally observed that the association between the network dynamics of the inter-network brain state with symptom severity is more pronounced in females (r=-0.244, pcorrected = 0.014). Our findings highlight a potential link between brain network dynamics in the aftermath of trauma with current and future PTSD outcomes, with a stronger protective effect of inter-network brain states against symptom severity in females, underscoring the importance of sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zening Fu
- d Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Beaudoin
- The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital
| | - Xinming An
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Thomas Neylan
- San Francisco VA Healthcare System; University of California San Francisco
| | - Gari Clifford
- Emory University School of Medicine; Georgia Institute of Technology
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John Haran
- University of Massachusetts Medical School
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brittany Punches
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine & University of Cincinnati College of Nursing
| | | | | | | | | | - Jose Pascual
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vince Calhoun
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University and Georgia State University
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Pan N, Wang S, Lan H, Zhang X, Qin K, Kemp GJ, Suo X, Gong Q. Multivariate patterns of brain functional connectome associated with COVID-19-related negative affect symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:49. [PMID: 38253618 PMCID: PMC10803304 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe mental health problems with the representation of negative affect symptoms (NAS) have been increasingly reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to explore the multivariate patterns of brain functional connectome predicting COVID-19-related NAS. This cohort study encompassed a group of university students to undergo neuroimaging scans before the pandemic, and we re-contacted participants for 1-year follow-up COVID-related NAS evaluations during the pandemic. Regularized canonical correlation analysis was used to identify connectome-based dimensions of NAS to compute pairs of canonical variates. The predictive ability of identified functional connectome to NAS dimensional scores was examined with a nested cross-validation. Two dimensions (i.e. mode stress and mode anxiety) were related to distinct patterns of brain functional connectome (r2 = 0.911, PFDR = 0.048; r2 = 0.901, PFDR = 0.037, respectively). Mode anxiety was characterized by high loadings in connectivity between affective network (AFN) and visual network (VN), while connectivity of the default mode network with dorsal attention network (DAN) were remarkably prominent in mode stress. Connectivity patterns within the DAN and between DAN and VN, ventral attention network, and AFN was common for both dimensions. The identified functional connectome can reliably predict mode stress (r = 0.37, MAE = 5.1, p < 0.001) and mode anxiety (r = 0.28, MAE = 5.4, p = 0.005) in the cross-validation. Our findings provide new insight into multivariate dimensions of COVID-related NAS, which may have implications for developing network-based biomarkers in psychological interventions for vulnerable individuals in the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Lan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Graham J Kemp
- Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC) and Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China.
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, China.
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Rowland GE, Roeckner A, Ely TD, Lebois LAM, van Rooij SJH, Bruce SE, Jovanovic T, House SL, Beaudoin FL, An X, Neylan TC, Clifford GD, Linnstaedt SD, Germine LT, Rauch SL, Haran JP, Storrow AB, Lewandowski C, Musey PI, Hendry PL, Sheikh S, Jones CW, Punches BE, Kurz MC, Gentile NT, Hudak LA, Pascual JL, Seamon MJ, Harris E, Pearson C, Merchant RC, Domeier RM, Rathlev NK, Sergot P, Sanchez LD, Miller MW, Pietrzak RH, Joormann J, Pizzagalli DA, Sheridan JF, Smoller JW, Harte SE, Elliott JM, Kessler RC, Koenen KC, McLean SA, Ressler KJ, Stevens JS, Harnett NG. Prior Sexual Trauma Exposure Impacts Posttraumatic Dysfunction and Neural Circuitry Following a Recent Traumatic Event in the AURORA Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:705-715. [PMID: 37881578 PMCID: PMC10593890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prior sexual trauma (ST) is associated with greater risk for posttraumatic stress disorder after a subsequent traumatic event; however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain opaque. We investigated longitudinal posttraumatic dysfunction and amygdala functional dynamics following admission to an emergency department for new primarily nonsexual trauma in participants with and without previous ST. Methods Participants (N = 2178) were recruited following acute trauma exposure (primarily motor vehicle collision). A subset (n = 242) completed magnetic resonance imaging that included a fearful faces task and a resting-state scan 2 weeks after the trauma. We investigated associations between prior ST and several dimensions of posttraumatic symptoms over 6 months. We further assessed amygdala activation and connectivity differences between groups with or without prior ST. Results Prior ST was associated with greater posttraumatic depression (F1,1120 = 28.35, p = 1.22 × 10-7, ηp2 = 0.06), anxiety (F1,1113 = 17.43, p = 3.21 × 10-5, ηp2 = 0.05), and posttraumatic stress disorder (F1,1027 = 11.34, p = 7.85 × 10-4, ηp2 = 0.04) severity and more maladaptive beliefs about pain (F1,1113 = 8.51, p = .004, ηp2 = 0.02) but was not related to amygdala reactivity to fearful versus neutral faces (all ps > .05). A secondary analysis revealed an interaction between ST and lifetime trauma load on the left amygdala to visual cortex connectivity (peak Z value: -4.41, corrected p < .02). Conclusions Findings suggest that prior ST is associated with heightened posttraumatic dysfunction following a new trauma exposure but not increased amygdala activity. In addition, ST may interact with lifetime trauma load to alter neural circuitry in visual processing regions following acute trauma exposure. Further research should probe the relationship between trauma type and visual circuitry in the acute aftermath of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Rowland
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Alyssa Roeckner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Timothy D Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauren A M Lebois
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Stacey L House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Francesca L Beaudoin
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Xinming An
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura T Germine
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- TheMany Brains Project, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Scott L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - John P Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Alan B Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | - Paul I Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Phyllis L Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Sophia Sheikh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Brittany E Punches
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
- Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael C Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
- Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nina T Gentile
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren A Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jose L Pascual
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark J Seamon
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica Harris
- Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Roland C Merchant
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert M Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ypsilanti, Michigan
| | - Niels K Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Leon D Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - John F Sheridan
- Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Steven E Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James M Elliott
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Trauma Recovery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nathaniel G Harnett
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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10
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Granger SJ, May V, Hammack SE, Akman E, Jobson SA, Olson EA, Pernia CD, Daskalakis NP, Ravichandran C, Carlezon WA, Ressler KJ, Rauch SL, Rosso IM. Circulating PACAP levels are associated with altered imaging measures of entorhinal cortex neurite density in posttraumatic stress disorder. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.31.23294894. [PMID: 37693514 PMCID: PMC10491384 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.31.23294894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) regulates plasticity in brain systems underlying arousal and memory and is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research in animal models suggests that PACAP modulates entorhinal cortex (EC) input to the hippocampus, contributing to impaired contextual fear conditioning. In PTSD, PACAP is associated with higher activity of the amygdala to threat stimuli and lower functional connectivity of the amygdala and hippocampus. However, PACAP-affiliated structural alterations of these regions have not been reported. Here, we examined whether peripheral PACAP levels were associated with neuronal morphology of the amygdala and hippocampus (primary analysis), and EC (secondary analysis) using Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging. Methods Sixty-four (44 female) adults (19 to 54 years old) with DSM-5 Criterion A trauma exposure completed the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS-5), a blood draw, and magnetic resonance imaging. PACAP38 radioimmunoassay was performed and T1-weighted and multi-shell diffusion- weighted images were acquired. Neurite Density Index (NDI) and Orientation Dispersion Index (ODI) were quantified in the amygdala, hippocampus, and EC. CAPS-5 total score and anxious arousal score were used to test for clinical associations with brain structure. Results Higher PACAP levels in blood were associated with greater EC NDI (β=0.31, q=0.034) and lower EC ODI (β=-0.30, q=0.042) and not hippocampal or amygdala measures. Neither EC NDI nor ODI was associated with clinical measures. Conclusions Circulating PACAP levels were associated with altered neuronal density of the EC but not hippocampus or amygdala. These findings strengthen evidence that PACAP may impact arousal- associated memory circuits.
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11
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Ely SL, Zundel CG, Gowatch LC, Evanski JM, Bhogal A, Carpenter C, Shampine M, Marusak H. Attention, attention! Posttraumatic stress disorder is associated with altered attention-related brain function. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1244685. [PMID: 37670803 PMCID: PMC10476007 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1244685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition characterized by altered arousal, mood, and cognition. Studies report attentional alterations such as threat bias in individuals with PTSD, though this work has largely been conducted within emotionally-charged contexts (e.g., threatening stimuli). Emerging behavioral evidence suggests that PTSD-related attention deficits exist even in the absence of threatening cues or anxiety triggers. However, the role and functioning of attention brain circuits as they relate to PTSD remains underexplored. In this mini review, we highlight recent work using non-emotional stimuli to investigate the neurobiology of attention and disruptions to attention-related brain function among individuals with PTSD. We then discuss gaps in the current literature, including questions pertaining to the neural circuitry of attentional alterations in PTSD, as well as the contributions that trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, comorbidities, and pre-existing vulnerabilities may have in this relationship. Finally, we suggest future directions for this emerging area of research, which may further inform knowledge surrounding the neurobiological underpinnings of PTSD and potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Clara G. Zundel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Leah C. Gowatch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Julia M. Evanski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Amanpreet Bhogal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Carmen Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - MacKenna Shampine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hilary Marusak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Translational Neuroscience PhD Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
- Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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12
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Cushing CA, Dawes AJ, Hofmann SG, Lau H, LeDoux JE, Taschereau-Dumouchel V. A generative adversarial model of intrusive imagery in the human brain. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgac265. [PMID: 36733294 PMCID: PMC9887942 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the subjective experiences of mental disorders remain poorly understood. This is partly due to long-standing over-emphasis on behavioral and physiological symptoms and a de-emphasis of the patient's subjective experiences when searching for treatments. Here, we provide a new perspective on the subjective experience of mental disorders based on findings in neuroscience and artificial intelligence (AI). Specifically, we propose the subjective experience that occurs in visual imagination depends on mechanisms similar to generative adversarial networks that have recently been developed in AI. The basic idea is that a generator network fabricates a prediction of the world, and a discriminator network determines whether it is likely real or not. Given that similar adversarial interactions occur in the two major visual pathways of perception in people, we explored whether we could leverage this AI-inspired approach to better understand the intrusive imagery experiences of patients suffering from mental illnesses such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and acute stress disorder. In our model, a nonconscious visual pathway generates predictions of the environment that influence the parallel but interacting conscious pathway. We propose that in some patients, an imbalance in these adversarial interactions leads to an overrepresentation of disturbing content relative to current reality, and results in debilitating flashbacks. By situating the subjective experience of intrusive visual imagery in the adversarial interaction of these visual pathways, we propose testable hypotheses on novel mechanisms and clinical applications for controlling and possibly preventing symptoms resulting from intrusive imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Cushing
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexei J Dawes
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0106, Japan
| | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hakwan Lau
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0106, Japan
| | - Joseph E LeDoux
- Center for Neural Science and Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical School, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3M5, Canada
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13
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Harnett NG, Finegold KE, Lebois LAM, van Rooij SJH, Ely TD, Murty VP, Jovanovic T, Bruce SE, House SL, Beaudoin FL, An X, Zeng D, Neylan TC, Clifford GD, Linnstaedt SD, Germine LT, Bollen KA, Rauch SL, Haran JP, Storrow AB, Lewandowski C, Musey PI, Hendry PL, Sheikh S, Jones CW, Punches BE, Kurz MC, Swor RA, Hudak LA, Pascual JL, Seamon MJ, Harris E, Chang AM, Pearson C, Peak DA, Domeier RM, Rathlev NK, O'Neil BJ, Sergot P, Sanchez LD, Miller MW, Pietrzak RH, Joormann J, Barch DM, Pizzagalli DA, Sheridan JF, Harte SE, Elliott JM, Kessler RC, Koenen KC, McLean SA, Nickerson LD, Ressler KJ, Stevens JS. Structural covariance of the ventral visual stream predicts posttraumatic intrusion and nightmare symptoms: a multivariate data fusion analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:321. [PMID: 35941117 PMCID: PMC9360028 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual components of trauma memories are often vividly re-experienced by survivors with deleterious consequences for normal function. Neuroimaging research on trauma has primarily focused on threat-processing circuitry as core to trauma-related dysfunction. Conversely, limited attention has been given to visual circuitry which may be particularly relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Prior work suggests that the ventral visual stream is directly related to the cognitive and affective disturbances observed in PTSD and may be predictive of later symptom expression. The present study used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data (n = 278) collected two weeks after trauma exposure from the AURORA study, a longitudinal, multisite investigation of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae. Indices of gray and white matter were combined using data fusion to identify a structural covariance network (SCN) of the ventral visual stream 2 weeks after trauma. Participant's loadings on the SCN were positively associated with both intrusion symptoms and intensity of nightmares. Further, SCN loadings moderated connectivity between a previously observed amygdala-hippocampal functional covariance network and the inferior temporal gyrus. Follow-up MRI data at 6 months showed an inverse relationship between SCN loadings and negative alterations in cognition in mood. Further, individuals who showed decreased strength of the SCN between 2 weeks and 6 months had generally higher PTSD symptom severity over time. The present findings highlight a role for structural integrity of the ventral visual stream in the development of PTSD. The ventral visual stream may be particularly important for the consolidation or retrieval of trauma memories and may contribute to efficient reactivation of visual components of the trauma memory, thereby exacerbating PTSD symptoms. Potentially chronic engagement of the network may lead to reduced structural integrity which becomes a risk factor for lasting PTSD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel G Harnett
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Lauren A M Lebois
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy D Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vishnu P Murty
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stacey L House
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesca L Beaudoin
- Department of Emergency Medicine & Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital and The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xinming An
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Neylan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gari D Clifford
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarah D Linnstaedt
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura T Germine
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- The Many Brains Project, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth A Bollen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience & Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott L Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - John P Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alan B Storrow
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Paul I Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Phyllis L Hendry
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Sophia Sheikh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher W Jones
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Brittany E Punches
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
- Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael C Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Center for Injury Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert A Swor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Lauren A Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jose L Pascual
- Department of Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark J Seamon
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Traumatology, Surgical Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Anna M Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jefferson University Hospitals, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claire Pearson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - David A Peak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert M Domeier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | - Niels K Rathlev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Brian J O'Neil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paulina Sergot
- Department of Emergency Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leon D Sanchez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Science Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- National Center for PTSD, Clinical Neurosciences Division, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John F Sheridan
- Division of Biosciences, Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, OSU Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven E Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine-Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James M Elliott
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales, Australia
- Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karestan C Koenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel A McLean
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lisa D Nickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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14
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Leite L, Esper NB, Junior JRML, Lara DR, Buchweitz A. An exploratory study of resting-state functional connectivity of amygdala subregions in posttraumatic stress disorder following trauma in adulthood. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9558. [PMID: 35688847 PMCID: PMC9187646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We carried out an exploratory study aimed at identifying differences in resting-state functional connectivity for the amygdala and its subregions, right and left basolateral, centromedial and superficial nuclei, in patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), relative to controls. The study included 10 participants with PTSD following trauma in adulthood (9 females), and 10 controls (9 females). The results suggest PTSD was associated with a decreased (negative) functional connectivity between the superficial amygdala and posterior brain regions relative to controls. The differences were observed between right superficial amygdala and right fusiform gyrus, and between left superficial amygdala and left lingual and left middle occipital gyri. The results suggest that among PTSD patients, the worse the PTSD symptoms, the lower the connectivity. The results corroborate the fMRI literature that shows PTSD is associated with weaker amygdala functional connectivity with areas of the brain involved in sensory and perceptual processes. The results also suggest that though the patients traumatic experience occured in adulthood, the presence of early traumatic experiences were associated with negative connectivity between the centromedial amygdala and sensory and perceptual regions. We argue that the understanding of the mechanisms of PTSD symptoms, its behaviors and the effects on quality of life of patients may benefit from the investigation of brain function that underpins sensory and perceptual symptoms associated with the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Leite
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Bianchini Esper
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - José Roberto M Lopes Junior
- School of Psychology and Health, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | | | - Augusto Buchweitz
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil.
- Brain Institute (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil.
- Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Stamford, 06269-1020, United States of America.
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15
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Harnett NG, Stevens JS, Fani N, van Rooij SJH, Ely TD, Michopoulos V, Hudak L, Rothbaum AO, Hinrichs R, Winters SJ, Jovanovic T, Rothbaum BO, Nickerson LD, Ressler KJ. Acute Posttraumatic Symptoms Are Associated With Multimodal Neuroimaging Structural Covariance Patterns: A Possible Role for the Neural Substrates of Visual Processing in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:129-138. [PMID: 33012681 PMCID: PMC7954466 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although aspects of brain morphology have been associated with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), limited work has investigated multimodal patterns in brain morphology that are linked to acute posttraumatic stress severity. In the present study, we utilized multimodal magnetic resonance imaging to investigate if structural covariance networks (SCNs) assessed acutely following trauma were linked to acute posttraumatic stress severity. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were collected around 1 month after civilian trauma exposure in 78 participants. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging data fusion was completed to identify combinations of SCNs, termed structural covariance profiles (SCPs), related to acute posttraumatic stress severity collected at 1 month. Analyses assessed the relationship between participant SCP loadings, acute posttraumatic stress severity, the change in posttraumatic stress severity from 1 to 12 months, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS We identified an SCP that reflected greater gray matter properties of the anterior temporal lobe, fusiform face area, and visual cortex (i.e., the ventral visual stream) that varied curvilinearly with acute posttraumatic stress severity and the change in PTSD symptom severity from 1 to 12 months. The SCP was not associated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS We identified combinations of multimodal SCNs that are related to variability in PTSD symptoms in the early aftermath of trauma. The identified SCNs may reflect patterns of neuroanatomical organization that provide unique insight into acute posttraumatic stress. Furthermore, these multimodal SCNs may be potential candidates for neural markers of susceptibility to both acute posttraumatic stress and the future development of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel G. Harnett
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School,Address correspondence to: Nathaniel G. Harnett, Ph.D., McLean Hospital, Mailstop 212, 115 Mill St, Belmont MA, 02478; Kerry J. Ressler, M.D., Ph.D
| | | | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
| | | | - Timothy D. Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
| | | | - Lauren Hudak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University
| | - Alex O. Rothbaum
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Rebecca Hinrichs
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
| | - Sterling J. Winters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University
| | | | - Lisa D. Nickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School,Applied Neuroimaging Statistics Laboratory, McLean Hospital
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University,Address correspondence to: Nathaniel G. Harnett, Ph.D., McLean Hospital, Mailstop 212, 115 Mill St, Belmont MA, 02478; Kerry J. Ressler, M.D., Ph.D
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16
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Dale LP, Kolacz J, Mazmanyan J, Leon KG, Johonnot K, Bossemeyer Biernacki N, Porges SW. Childhood Maltreatment Influences Autonomic Regulation and Mental Health in College Students. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:841749. [PMID: 35722547 PMCID: PMC9201111 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.841749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood maltreatment history may influence autonomic reactivity and recovery to stressors. Hypothetically, the maltreatment history may contribute to a retuned autonomic nervous system that is reflected in a novel metric, vagal efficiency (VE), designed to assess the functional efficiency of vagal cardioinhibitory pathways on heart rate. We explored whether VE mediates the well-documented relationship between maltreatment history and psychiatric symptoms. We also investigated the relationship between measures of autonomic regulation in response to the physical and emotional challenges and psychiatric symptoms. Participants (n = 167) completed self-report measures of psychiatric symptoms and had continuous beat-to-beat heart rate monitored before, during, and after physical and emotional stressors. Participants with maltreatment histories exhibited lower VE, which mediated the association of maltreatment history and the psychiatric symptoms of anxiety and depression. Consistent with prior literature, there were significant associations between maltreatment history and autonomic reactivity (i.e., heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia) during emotional and physical challenges; however, when VE was entered as a covariate these associations were no longer statistically significant. Blunted VE may reflect a neural pathway through which maltreatment retunes autonomic regulation and provides a neurophysiological platform that increases mental health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes P Dale
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Jacek Kolacz
- Traumatic Stress Research Consortium, Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.,Socioneural Physiology Laboratory, Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Jennifer Mazmanyan
- Department of Psychology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Kalie G Leon
- Department of Psychology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Karli Johonnot
- Department of Psychology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, United States
| | | | - Stephen W Porges
- Traumatic Stress Research Consortium, Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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17
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Working memory and emotional interpretation bias in a sample of Syrian refugee adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:1885-1894. [PMID: 33025075 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01656-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The number of adolescent refugees around the world has been continuously increasing over the past few years trying to escape war and terror, among other things. Such experience not only increases the risk for mental health problems including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but also may have implications for socio-cognitive development. This study tested cognitive-affective processing in refugee adolescents who had escaped armed conflict in Syria and now resided in Istanbul, Turkey. Adolescents were split into a high trauma (n = 31, 12 girls, mean age = 11.70 years, SD = 1.15 years) and low trauma (n = 27, 14 girls, mean age = 11.07 years, SD = 1.39 years) symptom group using median split, and performed a working memory task with emotional distraction to assess cognitive control and a surprise faces task to assess emotional interpretation bias. The results indicated that high (vs. low) trauma symptom youth were ~ 20% worse correctly remembering the spatial location of a cue, although both groups performed at very low levels. However, this finding was not modulated by emotion. In addition, although all youths also had a ~ 20% bias toward interpreting ambiguous (surprise) faces as more negative, the high (vs. low) symptom youth were faster when allocating such a face to the positive (vs. negative) emotion category. The findings suggest the impact of war-related trauma on cognitive-affective processes essential to healthy development.
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18
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Kundu S, Ming J, Stevens J. Developing Multimodal Dynamic Functional Connectivity as a Neuroimaging Biomarker. Brain Connect 2021; 11:529-542. [PMID: 33544014 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In spite of increasing evidence highlighting the role of dynamic functional connectivity (FC) in characterizing mental disorders, there is a lack of (a) reliable statistical methods to compute dynamic connectivity and (b) rigorous dynamic FC-based approaches for predicting mental health outcomes in heterogeneous disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods: In one of the first such efforts, we develop a reliable and accurate approach for estimating dynamic FC guided by brain structural connectivity (SC) computed using diffusion tensor imaging data and investigate the potential of the proposed multimodal dynamic FC to predict continuous mental health outcomes. We develop concrete measures of temporal network variability that are predictive of PTSD resilience, and identify regions whose temporal connectivity fluctuations are significantly related to resilience. Results: Our results illustrate that the multimodal approach is more sensitive to connectivity change points, it can clearly detect localized brain regions with the dynamic network features such as small-worldedness, clustering coefficients, and efficiency associated with resilience, and that it has superior predictive performance compared with existing static and dynamic network models when modeling PTSD resilience. Discussion: While the majority of resting-state network modeling in psychiatry has focused on static FC, our novel multimodal dynamic network analyses that are sensitive to network fluctuations allowed us to provide a model of neural correlates of resilience with high accuracy compared with existing static connectivity approaches or those that do not use brain SC information, and provided us with an expanded understanding of the neurobiological causes for PTSD. Impact statement The methods developed in this article provide reliable and accurate dynamic functional connectivity (FC) approaches by fusing multimodal imaging data that are highly predictive of continuous clinical phenotypes in heterogeneous mental disorders. Currently, there is very little theoretical work to explain how network dynamics might contribute to individual differences in behavior or psychiatric symptoms. Our analysis conclusively discovers localized brain resting-state networks, regions, and connections where variations in dynamic FC (that is estimated after incorporating brain structural connectivity information) are associated with post-traumatic stress disorder resilience, which could potentially provide valuable tools for the development of neural circuit modeling in psychiatry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprateek Kundu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jin Ming
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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19
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Philippi CL, Velez CS, Wade BSC, Drennon AM, Cooper DB, Kennedy JE, Bowles AO, Lewis JD, Reid MW, York GE, Newsome MR, Wilde EA, Tate DF. Distinct patterns of resting-state connectivity in U.S. service members with mild traumatic brain injury versus posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2616-2626. [PMID: 33759113 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is highly prevalent in military populations, with many service members suffering from long-term symptoms. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often co-occurs with mTBI and predicts worse clinical outcomes. Functional neuroimaging research suggests there are both overlapping and distinct patterns of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in mTBI versus PTSD. However, few studies have directly compared rsFC of cortical networks in military service members with these two conditions. In the present study, U.S. service members (n = 137; ages 19-59; 120 male) underwent resting-state fMRI scans. Participants were divided into three study groups: mTBI only, PTSD only, and orthopedically injured (OI) controls. Analyses investigated group differences in rsFC for cortical networks: default mode (DMN), frontoparietal (FPN), salience, somatosensory, motor, auditory, and visual. Analyses were family-wise error (FWE) cluster-corrected and Bonferroni-corrected for number of network seeds regions at the whole brain level (pFWE < 0.002). Both mTBI and PTSD groups had reduced rsFC for DMN and FPN regions compared with OI controls. These group differences were largely driven by diminished connectivity in the PTSD group. rsFC with the middle frontal gyrus of the FPN was increased in mTBI, but decreased in PTSD. Overall, these results suggest that PTSD symptoms may have a more consistent signal than mTBI. Our novel findings of opposite patterns of connectivity with lateral prefrontal cortex highlight a potential biomarker that could be used to differentiate between these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa L Philippi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Carmen S Velez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Benjamin S C Wade
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ann Marie Drennon
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center at the San Antonio VA Polytrauma Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Douglas B Cooper
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center at the San Antonio VA Polytrauma Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jan E Kennedy
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center at the San Antonio VA Polytrauma Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amy O Bowles
- Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Uniformed Services University of Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lewis
- Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Uniformed Services University of Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew W Reid
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center at the San Antonio VA Polytrauma Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Mary R Newsome
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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20
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Mirman A, Bick AS, Kalla C, Canetti L, Segman R, Dan R, Ben Yehuda A, Levin N, Bonne O. The imprint of childhood adversity on emotional processing in high functioning young adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:615-625. [PMID: 33125770 PMCID: PMC7814751 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been acknowledged as risk factors for increased mental health complications in adulthood, specifically increasing susceptibility to developing psychopathology upon exposure to trauma. Yet, little is known regarding the impact of mild ACEs on highly functioning population. In this study forty participants were selected from a group of 366 highly selected military parachute trainees using the self-report "childhood trauma questionnaire," and classified into two groups of 20 each, with and without ACEs. Behavioral measurements were obtained before and at the peak of an intensive combat training period, including anxiety, depression and executive function assessment. Functional MRI including a negative emotional face perception task was conducted at the first time point. Psychometric and cognitive measurements revealed higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and more difficulties in executive functioning in the ACE group at baseline. Slower reaction time to emotional faces presentation was found in the ACE group. Lower activation in response to negative emotional faces stimuli was found in this group in bilateral secondary visual areas, left anterior insula, left parietal cortex and left primary motor and sensory regions. In contrast, higher activation in the ACE group was found in the right ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (Vlpfc). No significant differences between groups were detected in the amygdala. To conclude, mild adverse childhood experiences produce long-term sequela on psychological wellbeing and neurocircuitry even in high functioning population. Brain regions modulated by childhood trauma may instigate avoidance mechanisms dampening the emotional and cognitive effects of intensive stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Mirman
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of NeurologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Department of PsychiatryHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Atira S. Bick
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of NeurologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Carmel Kalla
- Department of Mental HealthIsrael Defense ForcesRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Laura Canetti
- Department of PsychologyHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ronen Segman
- Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Rotem Dan
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC)Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Department of NeurologyHadassah Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | | | - Netta Levin
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of NeurologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Omer Bonne
- Department of PsychiatryHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
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21
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Procacci NM, Allen KM, Robb GE, Ijekah R, Lynam H, Hoy JL. Context-dependent modulation of natural approach behaviour in mice. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201189. [PMID: 32873203 PMCID: PMC7542797 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific features of visual objects innately draw approach responses in animals, and provide natural signals of potential reward. However, visual sampling behaviours and the detection of salient, rewarding stimuli are context and behavioural state-dependent and it remains unclear how visual perception and orienting responses change with specific expectations. To start to address this question, we employed a virtual stimulus orienting paradigm based on prey capture to quantify the conditional expression of visual stimulus-evoked innate approaches in freely moving mice. We found that specific combinations of stimulus features selectively evoked innate approach or freezing responses when stimuli were unexpected. We discovered that prey capture experience, and therefore the expectation of prey in the environment, selectively modified approach frequency, as well as altered those visual features that evoked approach. Thus, we found that mice exhibit robust and selective orienting responses to parameterized visual stimuli that can be robustly and specifically modified via natural experience. This work provides critical insight into how natural appetitive behaviours are driven by both specific features of visual motion and internal states that alter stimulus salience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey M. Allen
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Gael E. Robb
- Department of Neuroscience, University of St Thomas, St Paul, MN 55105, USA
| | - Rebecca Ijekah
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Hudson Lynam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Hoy
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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22
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Kahl M, Wagner G, de la Cruz F, Köhler S, Schultz CC. Resilience and cortical thickness: a MRI study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:533-539. [PMID: 30542819 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0963-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Resilience is defined as the psychological resistance which enables the processing of stress and adverse life events and thus constitutes a key factor for the genesis of psychiatric illness. However, little is known about the morphological correlates of resilience in the human brain. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine the neuroanatomical expression of resilience in healthy individuals. 151 healthy subjects were recruited and had to complete a resilience-specific questionnaire (RS-11). All of them underwent a high-resolution T1-weighted MRI in a 3T scanner. Fine-grained cortical thickness was analyzed using FreeSurfer. We found a significant positive correlation between the individual extent of resilience and cortical thickness in a right hemispherical cluster incorporating the lateral occipital cortex, the fusiform gyrus, the inferior parietal cortex as well as the middle and inferior temporal cortex, i.e., a reduced resilience is associated with a decreased cortical thickness in these areas. We lend novel evidence for a direct linkage between psychometric resilience and local cortical thickness. Our findings in a sample of healthy individuals show that a lower resilience is associated with a lower cortical thickness in anatomical areas are known to be involved in the processing of emotional visual input. These regions have been demonstrated to play a role in the pathogenesis of stress and trauma-associated disorders. It can thus be assumed that neuroanatomical variations in these cortical regions might modulate the susceptibility for the development of stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Feliberto de la Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie Köhler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Psychiatric Brain and Body Research Group Jena, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - C Christoph Schultz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Fulda gAG, Universitätsmedizin Marburg, Campus Fulda, Fulda, Germany.
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23
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated with α Dysrhythmia across the Visual Cortex and the Default Mode Network. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0053-20.2020. [PMID: 32690671 PMCID: PMC7405069 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0053-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalies in default mode network (DMN) activity and α (8–12 Hz) oscillations have been independently observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent spatiotemporal analyses suggest that α oscillations support DMN functioning via interregional synchronization and sensory cortical inhibition. Therefore, we examined a unifying pathology of α deficits in the visual-cortex-DMN system in PTSD. Human patients with PTSD (N = 25) and two control groups, patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; N = 24) and healthy controls (HCs; N = 20), underwent a standard eyes-open resting state (S-RS) and a modified resting state (M-RS) of passively viewing salient images (known to deactivate the DMN). High-density electroencephalogram (hdEEG) were recorded, from which intracortical α activity (power and connectivity/Granger causality) was extracted using the exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA). Patients with PTSD (vs GAD/HC) demonstrated attenuated α power in the visual cortex (VC) and key hubs of the DMN [posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)] at both states, the severity of which further correlated with hypervigilance symptoms. With increased visual input (at M-RS vs S-RS), patients with PTSD further demonstrated reduced α-frequency directed connectivity within the DMN (PCC→mPFC) and, importantly, from the VC to both DMN hubs (VC→PCC and VC→mPFC), linking α deficits in the two systems. These interrelated α deficits align with DMN hypoactivity/hypoconnectivity, sensory disinhibition, and hypervigilance in PTSD, representing a unifying neural underpinning of these anomalies. The identification of visual-cortex-DMN α dysrhythmia in PTSD further presents a novel therapeutic target, promoting network-based intervention of neural oscillations.
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24
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Gosnell SN, Oh H, Schmidt J, Oldham J, Fowler JC, Patriquin M, Ress D, Salas R. Right temporal pole volume reduction in PTSD. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109890. [PMID: 32084508 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous magnetic resonance imaging studies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have reported cortical volume alterations in the parahippocampal, anterior cingulate cortex, and temporal pole. It is unclear, however, if these cortical regions are specifically associated with PTSD or associated with common comorbidities. Here, we present the result of cortical volume differences between PTSD and healthy and psychiatric controls. In this study, healthy controls (n = 67) were matched for demographic characteristics (age, sex, race) and psychiatric controls (n = 67) were matched for demographic characteristics plus all other psychiatric diagnoses (past and current) to a group of PTSD patients (N = 67). We assessed group differences of 34 bilateral cortical structure volumes using statistically defined brain regions-of-interest from FreeSurfer between PTSD patients and healthy controls. We found 10 regions to be significantly different between PTSD and healthy controls and analyzed the group differences between PTSD and psychiatric controls within these regions. The right temporal pole volume in PTSD was found to be significantly smaller than both healthy and psychiatry controls. Our finding suggests only right temporal pole volume reduction is specifically associated with PTSD, and also highlights the need for using appropriate controls in psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah N Gosnell
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyuntaek Oh
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jake Schmidt
- EOG Resources INC - Data Science, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Oldham
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Christopher Fowler
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Patriquin
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Ress
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramiro Salas
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX, USA.
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Maron-Katz A, Zhang Y, Narayan M, Wu W, Toll RT, Naparstek S, De Los Angeles C, Longwell P, Shpigel E, Newman J, Abu-Amara D, Marmar C, Etkin A. Individual Patterns of Abnormality in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Reveal Two Data-Driven PTSD Subgroups. Am J Psychiatry 2020; 177:244-253. [PMID: 31838870 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A major challenge in understanding and treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is its clinical heterogeneity, which is likely determined by various neurobiological perturbations. This heterogeneity likely also reduces the effectiveness of standard group comparison approaches. The authors tested whether a statistical approach aimed at identifying individual-level neuroimaging abnormalities that are more prevalent in case subjects than in control subjects could reveal new clinically meaningful insights into the heterogeneity of PTSD. METHODS Resting-state functional MRI data were recorded from 87 unmedicated PTSD case subjects and 105 war zone-exposed healthy control subjects. Abnormalities were modeled using tolerance intervals, which referenced the distribution of healthy control subjects as the "normative population." Out-of-norm functional connectivity values were examined for enrichment in cases and then used in a clustering analysis to identify biologically defined PTSD subgroups based on their abnormality profiles. RESULTS The authors identified two subgroups among PTSD cases, each with a distinct pattern of functional connectivity abnormalities with respect to healthy control subjects. Subgroups differed clinically on levels of reexperiencing symptoms and improved case-control discriminability and were detectable using independently recorded resting-state EEG data. CONCLUSIONS The results provide proof of concept for the utility of abnormality-based approaches for studying heterogeneity within clinical populations. Such approaches, applied not only to neuroimaging data, may allow detection of subpopulations with distinct biological signatures so that further clinical and mechanistic investigations can be focused on more biologically homogeneous subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Maron-Katz
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Manjari Narayan
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Russell T Toll
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Sharon Naparstek
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Carlo De Los Angeles
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Parker Longwell
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Emmanuel Shpigel
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Jennifer Newman
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Duna Abu-Amara
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Charles Marmar
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Bioengineering (Toll) and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin), Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.; VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, Calif. (Maron-Katz, Zhang, Narayan, Wu, Toll, Naparstek, De Los Angeles, Longwell, Shpigel, Etkin); School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (Wu); Steven and Alexandra Cohen Veterans Center for the Study of Post-Traumatic Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury and Department of Psychiatry (Newman, Abu-Amara, Marmar), New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York
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Intrinsic sensory disinhibition contributes to intrusive re-experiencing in combat veterans. Sci Rep 2020; 10:936. [PMID: 31969671 PMCID: PMC6976606 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrusive re-experiencing of traumatic events is a hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder, characterized by rich and vivid sensory details as reported in "flashbacks". While prevailing models of trauma intrusions focus on dysregulated emotional processes, we hypothesize that a deficiency in intrinsic sensory inhibition could drive overactivation of sensory representations of trauma memories, precipitating sensory-rich intrusions. In a sample of combat veterans, we examined resting-state alpha (8-12 Hz) oscillatory activity (in both power and posterior→frontal connectivity), given its role in sensory cortical inhibition, in association with intrusive re-experiencing symptoms. Veterans further participated in an odor task (including both combat and non-combat odors) to assess olfactory trauma memory and emotional response. We observed an association between intrusive re-experiencing symptoms and attenuated resting-state posterior→frontal alpha connectivity, which were both correlated with olfactory trauma memory. Importantly, olfactory trauma memory was identified as a mediator of the relationship between alpha connectivity and intrusive re-experiencing, suggesting that deficits in intrinsic sensory inhibition contributed to intrusive re-experiencing of trauma via heightened trauma memory. Therefore, by permitting unfiltered sensory cues to enter information processing and activate sensory representations of trauma, sensory disinhibition can constitute a sensory mechanism of intrusive re-experiencing in trauma-exposed individuals.
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27
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Popescu M, Popescu EA, DeGraba TJ, Hughes JD. Altered modulation of beta band oscillations during memory encoding is predictive of lower subsequent recognition performance in post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 25:102154. [PMID: 31951934 PMCID: PMC6965746 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We studied the relationship between electrophysiological markers of memory encoding, subsequent recognition performance, and severity of PTSD symptoms in service members with combat exposure (n = 40, age: 41.2 ± 7.2 years) and various levels of PTSD symptom severity assessed using the PTSD Check List for DSM V version (PCL-5). Brain activity was recorded using magnetoencephalography during a serial presentation of 86 images of outdoor scenes that were studied by participants for an upcoming recognition test. In a second session, the original images were shown intermixed with an equal number of novel images while participants performed the recognition task. Participants recognized 76.0% ± 12.1% of the original images and correctly categorized as novel 89.9% ± 7.0% of the novel images. A negative correlation was present between PCL-5 scores and discrimination performance (Spearman rs = -0.38, p = 0.016). PCL-5 scores were also negatively correlated with the recognition accuracy for original images (rs = -0.37, p = 0.02). Increases in theta and gamma power and decreases in alpha and beta power were observed over distributed brain networks during memory encoding. Higher PCL-5 scores were associated with less suppression of beta band power in bilateral ventral and medial temporal regions and in the left orbitofrontal cortex. These regions also showed positive correlations between the magnitude of suppression of beta power during encoding and subsequent recognition accuracy. These findings indicate that the lower recognition performance in participants with greater PTSD symptom severity may be due in part to ineffective encoding reflected in altered modulation of beta band oscillatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Popescu
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elena-Anda Popescu
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thomas J DeGraba
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John D Hughes
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States; Behavioral Biology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States.
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28
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Segal A, Collin-Vézina D. Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Language Skills and Promising School Interventions. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0829573519856818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The influence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on the developing child across several domains of functioning has much theoretical and empirical support. Yet, surprisingly, the impact of ACEs on the development of language skills specifically remains somewhat understudied. The present report provides a brief review of research on ACEs and associated impacts on brain functioning and on language skills development specifically. Trauma-informed practices are discussed, with a specific focus on school-based trauma-informed programs. Next steps to explore in future research are then provided.
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29
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Jeong H, Chung YA, Ma J, Kim J, Hong G, Oh JK, Kim M, Ha E, Hong H, Yoon S, Lyoo IK. Diverging roles of the anterior insula in trauma-exposed individuals vulnerable or resilient to posttraumatic stress disorder. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15539. [PMID: 31664062 PMCID: PMC6820768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinct brain alterations in response to traumatic events may render trauma-exposed individuals either resilient or vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study compared regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (rCMRglu) among trauma-exposed individuals with current PTSD (PTSD group, n = 61), those without current PTSD (Resilience/Recovery group, n = 26), and trauma-unexposed controls (Control group, n = 54). All participants underwent brain [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scans. Voxel-wise group differences in rCMRglu among the three groups were evaluated. Associations between rCMRglu and both PTSD severity and resilience were examined. The rCMRglu in the right anterior insula and adjacent prefrontal and striatal areas was lower in the PTSD group, while higher in the Resilience/Recovery group, compared to the Control group. In addition, the lower glucose metabolism of these areas was associated with higher severity and less improvement in PTSD symptoms in the PTSD group, while the higher levels of rCMRglu were correlated with stronger resilience in the Resilience/Recovery group. This study suggests distinct roles of the anterior insula in response to trauma between the PTSD and Resilience/Recovery groups. Heightened rCMRglu in the anterior insular regions may reflect an underlying mechanism of resilience against traumatic stress, while reduced rCMRglu may indicate vulnerability to PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Ma
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungyoon Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gahae Hong
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Oh
- Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongju Kim
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Ha
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haejin Hong
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. .,The Brain Institute and Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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30
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Zhang B, Wang F, Dong HM, Jiang XW, Wei SN, Chang M, Yin ZY, Yang N, Zuo XN, Tang YQ, Xu K. Surface-based regional homogeneity in bipolar disorder: A resting-state fMRI study. Psychiatry Res 2019; 278:199-204. [PMID: 31220786 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface-based, two-dimensional regional homogeneity (2dReHo) was used in the current study to compare local functional synchronization of spontaneous neuronal activity between patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC), rather than volume-based, three-dimensional regional homogeneity (3dReHo) methods that have been previously described. Seventy-one BD patients and 113 HC participated in structural and resting-state fMRI scans. Participants ranged in age from 12 to 54 years. All subjects were rated with the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. BD patients showed reduced surface-based ReHo across the cortical surface, both at the global level and in the left ventral visual stream (VVS). Additionally, ReHo value across the cortical surface showed a significant negative correlation with age in both groups at the global level. Abnormal activity in the left VVS cortex may contribute to the pathogenesis of BD. Therefore, surface-based ReHo may be a useful index to explore the pathophysiology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Hao-Ming Dong
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Jiang
- Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Sheng-Nan Wei
- Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Miao Chang
- Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yang Yin
- Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yan-Qing Tang
- Department of Radiology and Psychiatry, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China.
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31
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Sambuco N, Bradley M, Herring D, Hillbrandt K, Lang PJ. Transdiagnostic trauma severity in anxiety and mood disorders: Functional brain activity during emotional scene processing. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13349. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Sambuco
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Margaret Bradley
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - David Herring
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Katja Hillbrandt
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention University of Florida Gainesville Florida
| | - Peter J. Lang
- Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention University of Florida Gainesville Florida
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32
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Sill J, Popov T, Schauer M, Elbert T. Rapid brain responses to affective pictures indicate dimensions of trauma-related psychopathology in adolescents. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13353. [PMID: 30807662 PMCID: PMC6991163 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A variety of mental disorders are related to deviant brain activity, but these neural alterations do not validate psychiatric diagnostic categories. High symptom overlap and variable symptom patterns encourage a dimensional approach. Following the logic of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), we investigated trauma survivors for symptom clusters that might be associated with characteristics of ERPs, in particular with the early posterior negativity (EPN) elicited during affective picture processing. In rapid serial visual presentation, 90 adolescents (40 male/50 female, age M = 15.0 ± 2.5 years) who had been exposed to varying amounts of traumatic stress passively viewed a stream of high‐arousing positive and low‐arousing neutral pictures taken from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Using standardized interviews, symptoms of trauma‐related mental disorders were assessed (including those for PTSD, depression, borderline personality disorder, and behavioral problems). A principal component analysis was performed to derive potential dimensions of psychopathology. Multiple regression analysis confirmed a factor comprising problems concentrating, sleeping difficulties, and mistrust as a predictor of a larger EPN difference between high‐arousing positive and low‐arousing neutral IAPS pictures (β = 0.19, p < 0.05). Sex predicted the magnitude of the EPN (β = 0.45, p < 0.001). Male adolescents displayed a stronger EPN suppression than female adolescents. The result suggests that problems concentrating, sleeping difficulties, and mistrust seem to be trans‐diagnostic elements related to diminished early emotional discrimination represented by the EPN. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the EPN in response to emotional processing is modulated by sex. Based on the RDoC heuristic, symptom clusters that may be associated with the early posterior negativity (EPN) elicited during affective picture processing were investigated in youth trauma survivors. Analysis confirmed a factor comprising problems concentrating, sleeping difficulties, and mistrust as a predictor of a larger EPN difference between high arousing positive and low arousing neutral IAPS pictures using rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). The EPN component was also modulated by sex. The findings also extend those of prior research on emotional processing confirming that EPN suppression can also be found in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sill
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tzvetan Popov
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maggie Schauer
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Elbert
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Viard A, Mutlu J, Chanraud S, Guenolé F, Egler PJ, Gérardin P, Baleyte JM, Dayan J, Eustache F, Guillery-Girard B. Altered default mode network connectivity in adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101731. [PMID: 30831461 PMCID: PMC6402428 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by intrusions, re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal. These symptoms might be linked to dysfunction in core neurocognitive networks subserving self-referential mental processing (default mode network, DMN), detection of salient stimuli (salience network, SN) and cognitive dysfunction (central executive network, CEN). Resting state studies in adolescent PTSD are scarce and findings are inconsistent, probably due to differences in patient symptom severity. Resting state brain activity was measured in 14 adolescents with severe PTSD and 24 age-matched controls. Seed-based connectivity analyses were used to examine connectivity between the DMN and the whole brain, including regions from other networks (SN and CEN). The relationships of network properties with symptom dimensions (severity, anxiety and depression) and episodic memory were also examined. Analyses revealed decreased within-DMN connectivity (between PCC and occipital cortex) in patients compared to controls. Furthermore, within-DMN connectivity (between PCC and hippocampus) correlated negatively with symptom dimensions (severity and anxiety), while increased connectivity (DMN-SN and DMN-CEN) correlated positively with episodic memory measures. These abnormal network properties found in adolescent PTSD corroborate those previously reported in adult PTSD. Decreased within-DMN connectivity and disrupted DMN-SN and DMN-CEN coupling could form the basis for intrusive trauma recollection and impaired episodic autobiographical recall in PTSD. Adolescent PTSD is linked to dysfunction in core neurocognitive networks. Results show decreased within-DMN connectivity in patients compared to controls. Within-DMN connectivity correlates negatively with severity and anxiety. Increased DMN-SN connectivity correlates positively with episodic memory. Disrupted connectivity may form the basis for intrusive trauma recollection in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Viard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France.
| | - Justine Mutlu
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sandra Chanraud
- INCIA CNRS UMR 5287, PSL Research University, EPHE, Université Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabian Guenolé
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Caen, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Egler
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Caen, France
| | - Priscille Gérardin
- CHU de Rouen, Fédération hospitalo-universitaire de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Baleyte
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France; CHU de Caen, Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Caen, France
| | - Jacques Dayan
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France; CHGR Rennes-I, Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Rennes, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Bérengère Guillery-Girard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France
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Carletto S, Porcaro C, Settanta C, Vizzari V, Stanizzo MR, Oliva F, Torta R, Fernandez I, Coletti Moja M, Pagani M, Ostacoli L. Neurobiological features and response to eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with breast cancer. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1600832. [PMID: 31073391 PMCID: PMC6495116 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1600832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common invasive types of cancer among women, with important consequences on both physical and psychological functioning. Patients with BC have a great risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but few studies have evaluated the efficacy of psychological interventions to treat it. Furthermore, no neuroimaging studies have evaluated the neurobiological effects of psychotherapeutic treatment for BC-related PTSD. Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy (EMDR) as compared to Treatment as Usual (TAU) in BC patients with PTSD, identifying by electroencephalography (EEG) the neurophysiological changes underlying treatments effect and their correlation with clinical symptoms. Method: Thirty patients with BC and PTSD diagnosis were included, receiving either EMDR (n = 15) or TAU (n = 15). Patients were assessed before and after treatments with clinical questionnaires and EEG. The proportion of patients who no longer meet criteria for PTSD after the intervention and changes in clinical scores, both between and within groups, were evaluated. Two-sample permutation t-tests among EEG channels were performed to investigate differences in power spectral density between groups. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out between power bands and clinical scores. Results: At post-treatment, all patients treated with EMDR no longer met criteria for PTSD, while all patients treated with TAU maintained the diagnosis. A significant decrease in depressive symptoms was found only in the EMDR group, while anxiety remained stable in all patients. EEG results corroborated these findings, showing significant differences in delta and theta bands in left angular and right fusiform gyri only in the EMDR group. Conclusions: It is essential to detect PTSD symptoms in patients with BC, in order to offer proper interventions. The efficacy of EMDR therapy in reducing cancer-related PTSD is supported by both clinical and neurobiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carletto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Camillo Porcaro
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.,S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN), Crotone, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carmen Settanta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Maria Rosa Stanizzo
- Clinical and Oncological Psychology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Oliva
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Torta
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Clinical and Oncological Psychology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Pagani
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Ostacoli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Clinical and Oncological Psychology, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
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35
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Schulze L, Schulze A, Renneberg B, Schmahl C, Niedtfeld I. Neural Correlates of Affective Disturbances: A Comparative Meta-analysis of Negative Affect Processing in Borderline Personality Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 4:220-232. [PMID: 30581154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prominent examples of mental disorders with affective disturbances. Notably, all three disorders share a generally heightened negative affect, which is presumably the result of shared neural abnormalities in affective processing. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to identify transdiagnostic and disorder-specific abnormalities during the processing of negative compared with neutral stimuli. METHODS We synthesized neuroimaging findings of affect processing in BPD, MDD, and PTSD and calculated combined coordinate- and image-based meta-analyses. The analysis comprised 70 distinct study samples with a total of 31 unthresholded statistical parametric maps. Twenty-four studies had a focus on BPD (431 individuals with BPD, 436 healthy control subjects [HCs]), 32 studies on MDD (789 individuals with current MDD, 870 HCs), and 14 studies on PTSD (247 individuals with PTSD, 245 HCs). RESULTS Findings showed limbic hyperactivations in BPD and PTSD compared with limbic activation of HCs. In contrast, patients with MDD showed blunted amygdala activation in comparison with that of HCs. Additionally, the calculation of overlapping brain abnormalities in BPD, MDD, and PTSD highlighted transdiagnostic hyperactivation of the right median cingulate gyri and hypoactivation of the right middle frontal gyrus and the right middle occipital gyrus. Finally, disorder-specific comparisons also illustrate unique abnormalities for each mental disorder. CONCLUSIONS The present results support shared and disorder-specific neural abnormalities in patients with affective disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schulze
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Schulze
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Babette Renneberg
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Inga Niedtfeld
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim at Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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36
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Badura-Brack A, McDermott TJ, Becker KM, Ryan TJ, Khanna MM, Pine DS, Bar-Haim Y, Heinrichs-Graham E, Wilson TW. Attention training modulates resting-state neurophysiological abnormalities in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 271:135-141. [PMID: 29174765 PMCID: PMC5741514 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent research indicates the relative benefits of computerized attention control treatment (ACT) and attention bias modification treatment (ABMT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, neural changes underlying these therapeutic effects remain unknown. This study examines how these two types of attention training modulate neurological dysfunction in veterans with PTSD. A community sample of 46 combat veterans with PTSD participated in a randomized double-blinded clinical trial of ACT versus ABMT and 32 of those veterans also agreed to undergo resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings. Twenty-four veterans completed psychological and MEG assessments at pre- and post-training to evaluate treatment effects. MEG data were imaged using an advanced Bayesian reconstruction method and examined using statistical parametric mapping. In this report, we focus on the neural correlates and the differential treatment effects observed using MEG; the results of the full clinical trial have been described elsewhere. Our results indicated that ACT modulated occipital and ABMT modulated medial temporal activity more strongly than the comparative treatment. PTSD symptoms decreased significantly from pre- to post-test. These initial neurophysiological outcome data suggest that ACT modulates visual pathways, while ABMT modulates threat-processing regions, but that both are associated with normalizing aberrant neural activity in veterans with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Badura-Brack
- Department of Psychology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
| | - Timothy J McDermott
- Department of Psychology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; Center for Magnetoencephalography (MEG), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Katherine M Becker
- Center for Magnetoencephalography (MEG), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tara J Ryan
- Department of Psychology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Maya M Khanna
- Department of Psychology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Center for Magnetoencephalography (MEG), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Center for Magnetoencephalography (MEG), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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37
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Kass MD, McGann JP. Persistent, generalized hypersensitivity of olfactory bulb interneurons after olfactory fear generalization. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 146:47-57. [PMID: 29104178 PMCID: PMC5886010 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Generalization of fear from previously threatening stimuli to novel but related stimuli can be beneficial, but if fear overgeneralizes to inappropriate situations it can produce maladaptive behaviors and contribute to pathological anxiety. Appropriate fear learning can selectively facilitate early sensory processing of threat-predictive stimuli, but it is unknown if fear generalization has similarly generalized neurosensory consequences. We performed in vivo optical neurophysiology to visualize odor-evoked neural activity in populations of periglomerular interneurons in the olfactory bulb 1 day before, 1 day after, and 1 month after each mouse underwent an olfactory fear conditioning paradigm designed to promote generalized fear of odors. Behavioral and neurophysiological changes were assessed in response to a panel of odors that varied in similarity to the threat-predictive odor at each time point. After conditioning, all odors evoked similar levels of freezing behavior, regardless of similarity to the threat-predictive odor. Freezing significantly correlated with large changes in odor-evoked periglomerular cell activity, including a robust, generalized facilitation of the response to all odors, broadened odor tuning, and increased neural responses to lower odor concentrations. These generalized effects occurred within 24 h of a single conditioning session, persisted for at least 1 month, and were detectable even in the first moments of the brain's response to odors. The finding that generalized fear includes altered early sensory processing of not only the threat-predictive stimulus but also novel though categorically-similar stimuli may have important implications for the etiology and treatment of anxiety disorders with sensory sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marley D Kass
- Behavioral & Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - John P McGann
- Behavioral & Systems Neuroscience Section, Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 152 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States.
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38
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Olson EA, Cui J, Fukunaga R, Nickerson LD, Rauch SL, Rosso IM. Disruption of white matter structural integrity and connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder: A TBSS and tractography study. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:437-445. [PMID: 28294462 PMCID: PMC5407943 DOI: 10.1002/da.22615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies of brain white matter (WM) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have focused on combat trauma, and often were confounded by neurological and substance dependence comorbidity. This study used tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and probabilistic tractography to characterize WM microstructure in a mixed-sex community sample of PTSD patients exposed to diverse and multiple traumas, and in trauma-exposed normal comparison (TENC) subjects. METHODS TBSS compared diffusion measures between 20 adults with DSM-IV PTSD and 17 TENC, using a whole-brain voxel-wise approach. Probabilistic tractography using Freesurfer's TRACULA was employed to measure diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics within anatomically defined pathways. DTI metrics were compared between groups and correlated with PTSD symptom severity and trauma load. RESULTS Controlling for age, sex, and motion, PTSD subjects had significantly reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) in a left frontal lobe cluster compared with TENC, at p < .05, family-wise error corrected. Tractography identified significant group differences in the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), including lower FA and higher radial diffusivity in PTSD compared with TENC. Within the PTSD group, FA values were not correlated with symptom severity or trauma load. Results remained significant after removing participants using psychotropic medication or those with comorbid major depression. CONCLUSIONS PTSD patients had reduced WM integrity in left hemisphere frontal WM and temporal-occipital WM tracts, compared to trauma-exposed controls. Reduced frontal FA is consistent with compromised top-down attentional control and emotion regulation in PTSD, while reduced ILF FA may be related to sensory processing and gating abnormalities in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Olson
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jiaolong Cui
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Rena Fukunaga
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa D. Nickerson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA
| | - Scott L. Rauch
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Isabelle M. Rosso
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Corresponding author: Isabelle M. Rosso, Ph.D., Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Mailstop 334, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478,
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39
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Badura-Brack AS, Heinrichs-Graham E, McDermott TJ, Becker KM, Ryan TJ, Khanna MM, Wilson TW. Resting-State Neurophysiological Abnormalities in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Magnetoencephalography Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:205. [PMID: 28487642 PMCID: PMC5403896 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition that is common in veterans returning from combat operations. While the symptoms of PTSD have been extensively characterized, the neural mechanisms that underlie PTSD are only vaguely understood. In this study, we examined the neurophysiology of PTSD using magnetoencephalography (MEG) in a sample of veterans with and without PTSD. Our primary hypothesis was that veterans with PTSD would exhibit aberrant activity across multiple brain networks, especially those involving medial temporal and frontal regions. To this end, we examined a total of 51 USA combat veterans with a battery of clinical interviews and tests. Thirty-one of the combat veterans met diagnostic criteria for PTSD and the remaining 20 did not have PTSD. All participants then underwent high-density MEG during an eyes-closed resting-state task, and the resulting data were analyzed using a Bayesian image reconstruction method. Our results indicated that veterans with PTSD had significantly stronger neural activity in prefrontal, sensorimotor and temporal areas compared to those without PTSD. Veterans with PTSD also exhibited significantly stronger activity in the bilateral amygdalae, parahippocampal and hippocampal regions. Conversely, healthy veterans had stronger neural activity in the bilateral occipital cortices relative to veterans with PTSD. In conclusion, these data suggest that veterans with PTSD exhibit aberrant neural activation in multiple cortical areas, as well as medial temporal structures implicated in affective processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Center for Magnetoencephalography (MEG), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy J McDermott
- Department of Psychology, Creighton UniversityOmaha, NE, USA.,Center for Magnetoencephalography (MEG), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Katherine M Becker
- Center for Magnetoencephalography (MEG), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Psychology, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tara J Ryan
- Department of Psychology, Creighton UniversityOmaha, NE, USA.,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser UniversityBurnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Maya M Khanna
- Department of Psychology, Creighton UniversityOmaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W Wilson
- Center for Magnetoencephalography (MEG), University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC)Omaha, NE, USA
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40
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Frewen P, Thornley E, Rabellino D, Lanius R. Neuroimaging the traumatized self: fMRI reveals altered response in cortical midline structures and occipital cortex during visual and verbal self- and other-referential processing in women with PTSD. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2017; 8:1314164. [PMID: 28649298 PMCID: PMC5475303 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1314164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Changes to the diagnostic criteria for PTSD in DSM-5 reflect an increased emphasis on negative cognition referring to self and other, including self-blame, and related pervasive negative affective states including for self-conscious emotions such as guilt and shame. Objective: Investigate the neural correlates of valenced self-referential processing (SRP) and other-referential processing (ORP) in persons with PTSD. Method: We compared response to the Visual-Verbal Self-Other Referential Processing Task in an fMRI study of women with (n = 20) versus without (n = 24) PTSD primarily relating to childhood and interpersonal trauma histories using statistical parametric mapping and group independent component analysis. Results: As compared to women without PTSD, women with PTSD endorsed negative words as more descriptive both of themselves and others, whereas positive words were endorsed as less descriptive both of themselves and others. Women with PTSD also reported a greater experience of negative affect and a lesser experience of positive affect during SRP specifically. Significant differences between groups were observed within independent components defined by ventral- and middle-medial prefrontal corte x, mediolateral parietal cortex, and visual cortex, depending on experimental conditions. Conclusions: This study reveals brain-based disturbances during SRP and ORP in women with PTSD related to interpersonal and developmental trauma. Psychological assessment and treatment should address altered sense of self and affective response to others in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Frewen
- School and Applied Child Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Thornley
- School and Applied Child Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniela Rabellino
- School and Applied Child Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ruth Lanius
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Research Unit, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Visintin E, De Panfilis C, Amore M, Balestrieri M, Wolf RC, Sambataro F. Mapping the brain correlates of borderline personality disorder: A functional neuroimaging meta-analysis of resting state studies. J Affect Disord 2016; 204:262-9. [PMID: 27552444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered intrinsic function of the brain has been implicated in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Nonetheless, imaging studies have yielded inconsistent alterations of brain function. To investigate the neural activity at rest in BPD, we conducted a set of meta-analyses of brain imaging studies performed at rest. METHODS A total of seven functional imaging studies (152 patients with BPD and 147 control subjects) were combined using whole-brain Signed Differential Mapping meta-analyses. Furthermore, two conjunction meta-analyses of neural activity at rest were also performed: with neural activity changes during emotional processing, and with structural differences, respectively. RESULTS We found altered neural activity in the regions of the default mode network (DMN) in BPD. Within the regions of the midline core DMN, patients with BPD showed greater activity in the anterior as well as in the posterior midline hubs relative to controls. Conversely, in the regions of the dorsal DMN they showed reduced activity compared to controls in the right lateral temporal complex and bilaterally in the orbitofrontal cortex. Increased activity in the precuneus was observed both at rest and during emotional processing. Reduced neural activity at rest in lateral temporal complex was associated with smaller volume of this area. LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity across imaging studies. CONCLUSIONS Altered activity in the regions of the midline core as well as of the dorsal subsystem of the DMN may reflect difficulties with interpersonal and affective regulation in BPD. These findings suggest that changes in spontaneous neural activity could underlie core symptoms in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Visintin
- Brain Center for Motor and Social Cognition, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@UniPR, Parma, Italy; Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara De Panfilis
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Psychiatry, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetics, Unit of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences (DISM), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Robert Christian Wolf
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Brain Center for Motor and Social Cognition, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia@UniPR, Parma, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medical Sciences (DISM), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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Choi EY, Tanimura Y, Vage PR, Yates EH, Haber SN. Convergence of prefrontal and parietal anatomical projections in a connectional hub in the striatum. Neuroimage 2016; 146:821-832. [PMID: 27646127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual attentional bias forms for rewarding and punishing stimuli in the environment. While this attentional bias is adaptive in healthy situations, it is maladaptive in disorders such as drug addiction or PTSD. In both these disorders, the ability to exert control over this attentional bias is associated with drug abstinence rates or reduced PTSD symptoms, indicating the interaction of visual attention, cognitive control, and stimulus association. The inferior parietal lobule (IPL) is central to attention, while the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for reward, cognitive control, and attention. Importantly, regions of the IPL and PFC commonly project to the rostral dorsal caudate (rdCaud) of the striatum. We propose an anatomical network architecture in which IPL projections converge with PFC projections in a connectional hub in the rdCaud, providing an anatomical substrate for the interaction of these projections and their competitive influence on striatal processing. To investigate this, we mapped the dense projections from the caudal IPL and prefrontal (dlPFC, vlPFC, OFC, dACC, and dmPFC) regions that project to the medial rdCaud with anatomical tract-tracing tracer injections in monkeys. These inputs converge in a precise site in the medial rdCaud, rostral to the anterior commissure. Small retrograde tracer injections confirmed these inputs to the medial rdCaud and showed that a proximal ventral striatal location has a very different pattern of cortical inputs. We next used human resting-state functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) to examine whether a striatal hub exists in the human medial rdCaud. Seed regions in the human medial rdCaud revealed cortical correlation maps similar to the monkey retrograde injection results. A subsequent analysis of these correlated cortical regions showed that their peak correlation within the striatum is in the medial rdCaud, indicating that this is a connectional hub. In contrast, this peak striatal correlation was not found in the ventral striatal location, suggesting that this site is not a connectional hub of cortical regions. Taken together, this work uses the precision of monkey anatomy to identify a connectional hub of IPL and PFC projections in the medial rdCaud. It also translates this anatomical precision to humans, demonstrating that, guided by anatomy, connectional hubs can be identified in humans with fcMRI. These connectional hubs provide more specific treatment targets for drug addiction, PTSD, and other neurological and psychiatric disorders involving the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Yoko Tanimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Priti R Vage
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Ellen H Yates
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States
| | - Suzanne N Haber
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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Jung WH, Chang KJ, Kim NH. Disrupted topological organization in the whole-brain functional network of trauma-exposed firefighters: A preliminary study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 250:15-23. [PMID: 27107156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Given that partial posttraumatic stress disorder (pPTSD) may be a specific risk factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), it is important to understand the neurobiology of pPTSD. However, there are few extant studies in this domain. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and a graph theoretical approach, we compared the topological organization of the whole-brain functional network in trauma-exposed firefighters with pPTSD (pPTSD group, n=9) with those without pPTSD (PC group, n=8) and non-traumatized healthy controls (HC group, n=11). We also examined changes in the network topology of five individuals with pPTSD before and after eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy. Individuals with pPTSD exhibited altered global properties, including a reduction in values of a normalized clustering coefficient, normalized local efficiency, and small-worldness. We also observed altered local properties, particularly in the association cortex, including the temporal and parietal cortices, across groups. These disruptive global and local network properties presented in pPTSD before treatment were ameliorated after treatment. Our preliminary results suggest that subthreshold manifestation of PTSD may be due to a disruption in the optimal balance in the functional brain networks and that this disruption can be ameliorated by psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wi Hoon Jung
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ki Jung Chang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, South Korea.
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Sussman D, Pang EW, Jetly R, Dunkley BT, Taylor MJ. Neuroanatomical features in soldiers with post-traumatic stress disorder. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:13. [PMID: 27029195 PMCID: PMC4815085 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to psychological trauma, impacts up to 20 % of soldiers returning from combat-related deployment. Advanced neuroimaging holds diagnostic and prognostic potential for furthering our understanding of its etiology. Previous imaging studies on combat-related PTSD have focused on selected structures, such as the hippocampi and cortex, but none conducted a comprehensive examination of both the cerebrum and cerebellum. The present study provides a complete analysis of cortical, subcortical, and cerebellar anatomy in a single cohort. Forty-seven magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were collected from 24 soldiers with PTSD and 23 Control soldiers. Each image was segmented into 78 cortical brain regions and 81,924 vertices using the corticometric iterative vertex based estimation of thickness algorithm, allowing for both a region-based and a vertex-based cortical analysis, respectively. Subcortical volumetric analyses of the hippocampi, cerebellum, thalamus, globus pallidus, caudate, putamen, and many sub-regions were conducted following their segmentation using Multiple Automatically Generated Templates Brain algorithm. Results Participants with PTSD were found to have reduced cortical thickness, primarily in the frontal and temporal lobes, with no preference for laterality. The region-based analyses further revealed localized thinning as well as thickening in several sub-regions. These results were accompanied by decreased volumes of the caudate and right hippocampus, as computed relative to total cerebral volume. Enlargement in several cerebellar lobules (relative to total cerebellar volume) was also observed in the PTSD group. Conclusions These data highlight the distributed structural differences between soldiers with and without PTSD, and emphasize the diagnostic potential of high-resolution MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sussman
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - E W Pang
- Division of Neurology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - R Jetly
- Directorate of Mental Health, Canadian Forces Health Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - B T Dunkley
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - M J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
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Dunkley BT, Doesburg SM, Jetly R, Sedge PA, Pang EW, Taylor MJ. Characterising intra- and inter-intrinsic network synchrony in combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 234:172-81. [PMID: 26422117 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Soldiers with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit elevated gamma-band synchrony in left fronto-temporal cortex, and connectivity measures in these regions correlate with comorbidities and PTSD severity, which suggests increased gamma synchrony is related to symptomology. However, little is known about the role of intrinsic, phase-synchronised networks in the disorder. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we characterised spectral connectivity in the default-mode, salience, visual, and attention networks during resting-state in a PTSD population and a trauma-exposed control group. Intrinsic network connectivity was examined in canonical frequency bands. We observed increased inter-network synchronisation in the PTSD group compared with controls in the gamma (30-80 Hz) and high-gamma range (80-150 Hz). Analyses of connectivity and symptomology revealed that PTSD severity was positively associated with beta synchrony in the ventral-attention-to-salience networks, and gamma synchrony within the salience network, but also negatively correlated with beta synchrony within the visual network. These novel results show that frequency-specific, network-level atypicalities may reflect trauma-related alterations of ongoing functional connectivity, and correlations of beta synchrony in attentional-to-salience and visual networks with PTSD severity suggest complicated network interactions mediate symptoms. These results contribute to accumulating evidence that PTSD is a complicated network-based disorder expressed as altered neural interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Dunkley
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Sam M Doesburg
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rakesh Jetly
- Directorate of Mental Health, Canadian Forces Health Services, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Paul A Sedge
- Directorate of Mental Health, Canadian Forces Health Services, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Elizabeth W Pang
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Neuroscience & Mental Health Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Zhang Y, Liu F, Chen H, Li M, Duan X, Xie B, Chen H. Intranetwork and internetwork functional connectivity alterations in post-traumatic stress disorder. J Affect Disord 2015; 187:114-21. [PMID: 26331685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of previous neuroimaging studies have explored the functional alterations of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, abnormalities in the functional architecture of resting-state networks in PTSD were rarely elucidated. METHODS This study used independent component analysis to explore the resting-state intranetwork and internetwork functional connectivity differences between 20 PTSD patients and 20 matched healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS Selective alterations of intranetwork and internetwork intrinsic functional connectivities were found in the PTSD patients. Compared with HCs, the PTSD patients exhibited significantly decreased network connectivity within the anterior default mode network, posterior default mode network (pDMN), salience network (SN), sensory-motor network, and auditory network. Furthermore, the PTSD patients exhibited increased internetwork connectivity between SN and pDMN. LIMITATIONS This study lacked recruitment of trauma-exposed HCs, which limits our ability to determine whether the alterations are caused by PTSD or trauma exposure. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that the PTSD patients exhibited abnormal functional connectivity at the brain network level. Notably, the enhanced internetwork connectivity between SN and pDMN in the PTSD patients may be associated with hyperarousal and heightened anxiety in PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xujun Duan
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Bing Xie
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; Department of Anatomy, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Huafu Chen
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Sensory inputs are integrated extensively before decision making, with altered multisensory integration being associated with disorders such as autism. We demonstrate that the two C. elegans AIB interneurons function as a biphasic switch, integrating antagonistic, tonic, and acute inputs from three distinct pairs of sensory neurons to modulate nociception. Off food, animals reverse away from a noxious stimulus. In contrast, on food or serotonin, AIB signaling is inhibited and, although animals initiate an aversive response more rapidly, they continue forward after the initial backward locomotion is complete. That is, animals continue to move forward and feed even when presented with a noxious repellant, with AIB inhibition decreasing the repellant concentration evoking a maximal response. These studies demonstrate that the AIBs serve as an integrating hub, receiving inputs from different sensory neurons to modulate locomotory decision making differentially, and highlight the utility of this model to analyze the complexities of multisensory integration. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Dysfunctional sensory signaling and perception are associated with a number of disease states, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and anxiety. We have used the C. elegans model to examine multisensory integration at the interneuron level to better understand the modulation of this complex, multicomponent process. C. elegans responds to a repulsive odorant by first backing up and then either continuing forward or turning and moving away from the odorant. This decision-making process is modulated extensively by the activity state of the two AIB interneurons, with the AIBs integrating an array of synergistic and antagonistic glutamatergic inputs, from sensory neurons responding directly to the odorant to others responding to a host of additional environmental variables to ultimately fine tune aversive behaviors.
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Badura-Brack AS, Becker KM, McDermott TJ, Ryan TJ, Becker MM, Hearley AR, Heinrichs-Graham E, Wilson TW. Decreased somatosensory activity to non-threatening touch in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 233:194-200. [PMID: 26184460 PMCID: PMC5828504 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychiatric disorder prevalent in combat veterans. Previous neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that patients with PTSD exhibit abnormal responses to non-threatening visual and auditory stimuli, but have not examined somatosensory processing. Thirty male combat veterans, 16 with PTSD and 14 without, completed a tactile stimulation task during a 306-sensor magnetoencephalography (MEG) recording. Significant oscillatory neural responses were imaged using a beamforming approach. Participants also completed clinical assessments of PTSD, combat exposure, and depression. We found that veterans with PTSD exhibited significantly reduced activity during early (0-125 ms) tactile processing compared with combat controls. Specifically, veterans with PTSD had weaker activity in the left postcentral gyrus, left superior parietal area, and right prefrontal cortex in response to nonthreatening tactile stimulation relative to veterans without PTSD. The magnitude of activity in these brain regions was inversely correlated with symptom severity, indicating that those with the most severe PTSD had the most abnormal neural responses. Our findings are consistent with a resource allocation view of perceptual processing in PTSD, which directs attention away from nonthreatening sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S. Badura-Brack
- Department of Psychology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA,Corresponding Author: Amy Badura-Brack, Department of Psychology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178 USA, Phone: (402) 280-1229, Fax: (402) 280-4748,
| | - Katherine M. Becker
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Tara J. Ryan
- Department of Psychology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, USA,Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Heinrichs-Graham
- Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Tony W. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA,Center for Magnetoencephalography, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Omaha, Omaha, NE, USA,Department of Neurological Sciences, UNMC, Omaha, NE, USA
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