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Cotter DL, Ahmadi H, Cardenas-Iniguez C, Bottenhorn KL, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Berhane K, Schwartz J, Hackman DA, Chen JC, Herting MM. Exposure to multiple ambient air pollutants changes white matter microstructure during early adolescence with sex-specific differences. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:155. [PMID: 39090375 PMCID: PMC11294340 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is ubiquitous, yet questions remain regarding its impact on the developing brain. Large changes occur in white matter microstructure across adolescence, with notable differences by sex. METHODS We investigate sex-stratified effects of annual exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) at ages 9-10 years on longitudinal patterns of white matter microstructure over a 2-year period. Diffusion-weighted imaging was collected on 3T MRI scanners for 8182 participants (1-2 scans per subject; 45% with two scans) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. Restriction spectrum imaging was performed to quantify intracellular isotropic (RNI) and directional (RND) diffusion. Ensemble-based air pollution concentrations were assigned to each child's primary residential address. Multi-pollutant, sex-stratified linear mixed-effect models assessed associations between pollutants and RNI/RND with age over time, adjusting for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Here we show higher PM2.5 exposure is associated with higher RND at age 9 in both sexes, with no significant effects of PM2.5 on RNI/RND change over time. Higher NO2 exposure is associated with higher RNI at age 9 in both sexes, as well as attenuating RNI over time in females. Higher O3 exposure is associated with differences in RND and RNI at age 9, as well as changes in RND and RNI over time in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Criteria air pollutants influence patterns of white matter maturation between 9-13 years old, with some sex-specific differences in the magnitude and anatomical locations of affected tracts. This occurs at concentrations that are below current U.S. standards, suggesting exposure to low-level pollution during adolescence may have long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devyn L Cotter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hedyeh Ahmadi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Katherine L Bottenhorn
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel A Hackman
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Kotov R, Carpenter WT, Cicero DC, Correll CU, Martin EA, Young JW, Zald DH, Jonas KG. Psychosis superspectrum II: neurobiology, treatment, and implications. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1293-1309. [PMID: 38351173 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Alternatives to traditional categorical diagnoses have been proposed to improve the validity and utility of psychiatric nosology. This paper continues the companion review of an alternative model, the psychosis superspectrum of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The superspectrum model aims to describe psychosis-related psychopathology according to data on distributions and associations among signs and symptoms. The superspectrum includes psychoticism and detachment spectra as well as narrow subdimensions within them. Auxiliary domains of cognitive deficit and functional impairment complete the psychopathology profile. The current paper reviews evidence on this model from neurobiology, treatment response, clinical utility, and measure development. Neurobiology research suggests that psychopathology included in the superspectrum shows similar patterns of neural alterations. Treatment response often mirrors the hierarchy of the superspectrum with some treatments being efficacious for psychoticism, others for detachment, and others for a specific subdimension. Compared to traditional diagnostic systems, the quantitative nosology shows an approximately 2-fold increase in reliability, explanatory power, and prognostic accuracy. Clinicians consistently report that the quantitative nosology has more utility than traditional diagnoses, but studies of patients with frank psychosis are currently lacking. Validated measures are available to implement the superspectrum model in practice. The dimensional conceptualization of psychosis-related psychopathology has implications for research, clinical practice, and public health programs. For example, it encourages use of the cohort study design (rather than case-control), transdiagnostic treatment strategies, and selective prevention based on subclinical symptoms. These approaches are already used in the field, and the superspectrum provides further impetus and guidance for their implementation. Existing knowledge on this model is substantial, but significant gaps remain. We identify outstanding questions and propose testable hypotheses to guide further research. Overall, we predict that the more informative, reliable, and valid characterization of psychopathology offered by the superspectrum model will facilitate progress in research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | | | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Esteban-Cornejo I, Lara-Jimenez I, Rodriguez-Ayllon M, Verdejo-Roman J, Catena A, Erickson KI, Ortega FB. Early morning physical activity is associated with healthier white matter microstructure and happier children: the ActiveBrains project. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:833-845. [PMID: 37058244 PMCID: PMC10894097 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The background of this study is to examine the associations of individual and combined early morning patterns (i.e., active commuting to school, physical activity before school, having breakfast and good sleep) with white matter microstructure (WMM) and, whether the associated white mater microstructure outcomes were related to mental health outcomes in children with overweight or obesity. 103 children with overweight or obesity (10.0 ± 1.1 years old, 42 girls) from the ActiveBrains project participated in this cross-sectional study. Early morning patterns and mental health indicators (i.e., self-esteem, optimism, positive and negative affect, stress, depression and anxiety) were self-reported by the children using validated questionnaires. WMM was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging using diffusion tensor imaging. When examined independently, early morning patterns were not related with WMM (all P > 0.05). However, the combination of early morning patterns was related with WMM (P < 0.05). Specifically, physically active early morning patterns (i.e., active commuting to school and physical activity before school) were associated with global fractional anisotropy (FA) (β = 0.298, P = 0.013) and global radial diffusivity (RD) (β = - 0.272, P = 0.021), as well as with tract-specific FA (β = 0.314, P = 0.004) and RD (β = - 0.234, P = 0.032) in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Furthermore, combined physically active early morning pattern-associated global (i.e., FA and RD) and tract-specific (i.e., FA and RD in the SLF) WMM indicators were positively associated with happiness (β absolute value range from 0.252 to 0.298, all P < 0.05). A combination of physically active early morning patterns may positively relate to white matter microstructure in children with overweight or obesity, and, in turn, happiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Esteban-Cornejo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain.
| | - Inmaculada Lara-Jimenez
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juan Verdejo-Roman
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Andres Catena
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Neuroscience, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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Cai LT, Brett BL, Palacios EM, Yuh EL, Bourla I, Wren-Jarvis J, Wang Y, Mac Donald C, Diaz-Arrastia R, Giacino JT, Okonkwo DO, Levin HS, Robertson CS, Temkin N, Markowitz AJ, Manley GT, Stein MB, McCrea MA, Zafonte RD, Nelson LD, Mukherjee P. Emotional Resilience Predicts Preserved White Matter Microstructure Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:164-175. [PMID: 36152948 PMCID: PMC10065831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) exhibit distinct phenotypes of emotional and cognitive functioning identified by latent profile analysis of clinical neuropsychological assessments. When discerned early after injury, these latent clinical profiles have been found to improve prediction of long-term outcomes from mTBI. The present study hypothesized that white matter (WM) microstructure is better preserved in an emotionally resilient mTBI phenotype compared with a neuropsychiatrically distressed mTBI phenotype. METHODS The present study used diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to investigate and compare WM microstructure in major association, projection, and commissural tracts between the two phenotypes and over time. Diffusion magnetic resonance images from 172 patients with mTBI were analyzed to compute individual diffusion tensor imaging maps at 2 weeks and 6 months after injury. RESULTS By comparing the diffusion tensor imaging parameters between the two phenotypes at global, regional, and voxel levels, emotionally resilient patients were shown to have higher axial diffusivity compared with neuropsychiatrically distressed patients early after mTBI. Longitudinal analysis revealed greater compromise of WM microstructure in neuropsychiatrically distressed patients, with greater decrease of global axial diffusivity and more widespread decrease of regional axial diffusivity during the first 6 months after injury compared with emotionally resilient patients. CONCLUSIONS These results provide neuroimaging evidence of WM microstructural differences underpinning mTBI phenotypes identified from neuropsychological assessments and show differing longitudinal trajectories of these biological effects. These findings suggest that diffusion magnetic resonance imaging can provide short- and long-term imaging biomarkers of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanya T Cai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Benjamin L Brett
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Eva M Palacios
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Esther L Yuh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Ioanna Bourla
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jamie Wren-Jarvis
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Christine Mac Donald
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph T Giacino
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David O Okonkwo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Harvey S Levin
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Nancy Temkin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Amy J Markowitz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Geoffrey T Manley
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Michael A McCrea
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ross D Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lindsay D Nelson
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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5
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Yang Z, Xiao S, Su T, Gong J, Qi Z, Chen G, Chen P, Tang G, Fu S, Yan H, Huang L, Wang Y. A multimodal meta-analysis of regional functional and structural brain abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:165-180. [PMID: 37000246 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous neuroimaging studies of resting-state functional imaging and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have revealed abnormalities in specific brain regions in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but results have been inconsistent. We conducted a whole-brain voxel-wise meta-analysis on resting-state functional imaging and VBM studies that investigated differences of functional activity and gray matter volume (GMV) between patients with OCD and healthy controls (HCs) using seed-based d mapping (SDM) software. A total of 41 independent studies (51 datasets) for resting-state functional imaging and 42 studies (46 datasets) for VBM were included by a systematic literature search. Overall, patients with OCD displayed increased spontaneous functional activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) (extending to the bilateral insula) and bilateral medial prefrontal cortex/anterior cingulate cortex (mPFC/ACC), as well as decreased spontaneous functional activity in the bilateral paracentral lobule, bilateral cerebellum, left caudate nucleus, left inferior parietal gyri, and right precuneus cortex. For the VBM meta-analysis, patients with OCD displayed increased GMV in the bilateral thalamus (extending to the bilateral cerebellum), right striatum, and decreased GMV in the bilateral mPFC/ACC and left IFG (extending to the left insula). The conjunction analyses found that the bilateral mPFC/ACC, left IFG (extending to the left insula) showed decreased GMV with increased intrinsic function in OCD patients compared to HCs. This meta-analysis demonstrated that OCD exhibits abnormalities in both function and structure in the bilateral mPFC/ACC, insula, and IFG. A few regions exhibited only functional or only structural abnormalities in OCD, such as the default mode network, striatum, sensorimotor areas, and cerebellum. It may provide useful insights for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of OCD and developing more targeted and efficacious treatment and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Shu Xiao
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ting Su
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jiayin Gong
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Department of Radiology, Six Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhangzhang Qi
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - SiYing Fu
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Yi X, Xiao Q, Fu Y, Wang X, Shen L, Ding J, Jiang F, Wang J, Zhang Z, Chen BT. Association of white matter microstructural alteration with non-suicidal self-injury behavior and visual working memory in adolescents with borderline personality disorder. Psychiatry Res 2024; 331:115619. [PMID: 38048646 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injurious behavior (NSSI) is the core characteristic of adolescent borderline personality disorder (BPD) and visual working memory is involved in the pathological processes of BPD. This study aimed to investigate alterations in white matter microstructure and their association with NSSI and visual working memory in adolescents with BPD. METHODS 53 adolescents diagnosed with BPD and 39 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. White matter microstructure was assessed with the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between FA/MD and core features of BPD. A mediation analysis was performed to test whether the effects of white matter alterations on NSSI could be mediated by visual working memory. RESULTS Adolescents with BPD showed a reduced FA and an increased MD in the cortical-limbic and cortical-thalamus circuit when compared to the HCs (p < 0.05). Increased MD was positively correlated with NSSI, impulse control and identity disturbance (p < 0.05), and was negatively correlated with the score of visual reproduction. Reserved visual working memory masked the effects of white matter microstructural alterations on NSSI behavior. CONCLUSIONS White matter microstructural deficits in the cortical-limbic and cortical-thalamus circuits may be associated with NSSI and visual working memory in adolescents with BPD. Reserved visual working memory may protect against NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Yi
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Personalized Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Mental Health Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Liying Shen
- Mental Health Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Public Health, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Furong Jiang
- Mental Health Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Zhejia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Bihong T Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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7
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Porcu M, Cocco L, Cau R, Suri JS, Mannelli L, Manchia M, Puig J, Qi Y, Saba L. Correlation of Cognitive Reappraisal and the Microstructural Properties of the Forceps Minor: A Deductive Exploratory Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Brain Topogr 2024; 37:63-74. [PMID: 38062326 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-01020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Cognitive reappraisal (CR) is a mechanism for emotion regulation, and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a central role in the regulation of emotions. We tested the hypothesis of an association between CR function and microstructural properties of forceps minor (a commissural bundle within the PFC) in healthy subjects (HS). We analyzed a population of 65 young HS of a public dataset. The diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) sequence of every subject was analyzed to extract the derived shape (diameter and volume) and DTI metrics in terms of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) of the forceps minor. The CR subscale of the German version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) was used for CR assessment. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to test the assumption of normality in all these parameters, adopting a statistical threshold at p < 0.05. Whenever appropriate a non-parametric two-tailed partial correlation analysis was applied to test for correlations between the CR ERQ score and the derived shape and DTI metrics, including age and sex as confounders, adopting a statistical threshold at p < 0.05. The non-parametric two-tailed partial correlation analysis revealed a mildly significant correlation with FA (ρ = 0.303; p = 0.016), a weakly significant negative correlation with MD (ρ = - 0.269; p = 0.033), and a mildly significant negative correlation with RD (ρ = - 0.305; p = 0.015). These findings suggest a correlation between DTI microstructural properties of forceps minor and CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Porcu
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
- Department of Medical Imaging, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Cagliari, S.S: 554, Km 4,500, Monserrato, 09042, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Cocco
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cau
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, USA
| | | | - Mirko Manchia
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Radiology (IDI) and Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Yang Qi
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, AOU Cagliari, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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8
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Winter A, Thiel K, Meinert S, Lemke H, Waltemate L, Breuer F, Culemann R, Pfarr JK, Stein F, Brosch K, Meller T, Ringwald KG, Thomas-Odenthal F, Jansen A, Nenadić I, Krug A, Repple J, Opel N, Dohm K, Leehr EJ, Grotegerd D, Kugel H, Hahn T, Kircher T, Dannlowski U. Familial risk for major depression: differential white matter alterations in healthy and depressed participants. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4933-4942. [PMID: 36052484 PMCID: PMC10476061 DOI: 10.1017/s003329172200188x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with alterations in brain white matter (WM) microstructure. However, diffusion tensor imaging studies in biological relatives have presented contradicting results on WM alterations and their potential as biomarkers for vulnerability or resilience. To shed more light on associations between WM microstructure and resilience to familial risk, analyses including both healthy and depressed relatives of MDD patients are needed. METHODS In a 2 (MDD v. healthy controls, HC) × 2 (familial risk yes v. no) design, we investigated fractional anisotropy (FA) via tract-based spatial statistics in a large well-characterised adult sample (N = 528), with additional controls for childhood maltreatment, a potentially confounding proxy for environmental risk. RESULTS Analyses revealed a significant main effect of diagnosis on FA in the forceps minor and the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (ptfce-FWE = 0.009). Furthermore, a significant interaction of diagnosis with familial risk emerged (ptfce-FWE = 0.036) Post-hoc pairwise comparisons showed significantly higher FA, mainly in the forceps minor and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, in HC with as compared to HC without familial risk (ptfce-FWE < 0.001), whereas familial risk played no role in MDD patients (ptfce-FWE = 0.797). Adding childhood maltreatment as a covariate, the interaction effect remained stable. CONCLUSIONS We found widespread increased FA in HC with familial risk for MDD as compared to a HC low-risk sample. The significant effect of risk on FA was present only in HC, but not in the MDD sample. These alterations might reflect compensatory neural mechanisms in healthy adults at risk for MDD potentially associated with resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Breuer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Regina Culemann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julia-Katharina Pfarr
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai Gustav Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Thomas-Odenthal
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Dohm
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J. Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Kugel
- University Clinic for Radiology, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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9
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Thiel K, Meinert S, Winter A, Lemke H, Waltemate L, Breuer F, Gruber M, Leenings R, Wüste L, Rüb K, Pfarr JK, Stein F, Brosch K, Meller T, Ringwald KG, Nenadić I, Krug A, Repple J, Opel N, Koch K, Leehr EJ, Bauer J, Grotegerd D, Hahn T, Kircher T, Dannlowski U. Reduced fractional anisotropy in bipolar disorder v. major depressive disorder independent of current symptoms. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4592-4602. [PMID: 35833369 PMCID: PMC10388324 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) show reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) compared to patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Little is known about whether these differences are mood state-independent or influenced by acute symptom severity. Therefore, the aim of this study was (1) to replicate abnormalities in white matter microstructure in BD v. MDD and (2) to investigate whether these vary across depressed, euthymic, and manic mood. METHODS In this cross-sectional diffusion tensor imaging study, n = 136 patients with BD were compared to age- and sex-matched MDD patients and healthy controls (HC) (n = 136 each). Differences in FA were investigated using tract-based spatial statistics. Using interaction models, the influence of acute symptom severity and mood state on the differences between patient groups were tested. RESULTS Analyses revealed a main effect of diagnosis on FA across all three groups (ptfce-FWE = 0.003). BD patients showed reduced FA compared to both MDD (ptfce-FWE = 0.005) and HC (ptfce-FWE < 0.001) in large bilateral clusters. These consisted of several white matter tracts previously described in the literature, including commissural, association, and projection tracts. There were no significant interaction effects between diagnosis and symptom severity or mood state (all ptfce-FWE > 0.704). CONCLUSIONS Results indicated that the difference between BD and MDD was independent of depressive and manic symptom severity and mood state. Disruptions in white matter microstructure in BD might be a trait effect of the disorder. The potential of FA values to be used as a biomarker to differentiate BD from MDD should be further addressed in future studies using longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Thiel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexandra Winter
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hannah Lemke
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Waltemate
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Breuer
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Gruber
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ramona Leenings
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lucia Wüste
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rüb
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tina Meller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai Gustav Ringwald
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Krug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Elisabeth J. Leehr
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jochen Bauer
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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10
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Igoshina E, Wu LC, Moxon-Emre I, Mabbott DJ. Social affective outcomes and brain injury in children and adolescents treated for brain tumours. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2023:S2352-4642(23)00079-2. [PMID: 37263284 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Review we critically evaluate the empirical literature investigating the effect of paediatric brain tumours and their treatment on social affective function. We focus specifically on relations between social affective function and compromised brain structure and function associated with treatment for a paediatric brain tumour. We concentrate on emotion recognition and regulation, because these are core components of social affective function. First, we provide an overview of the literature in typically developing children and discuss the underlying brain networks thought to subserve emotion (ie, limbic system and supporting white matter microstructure). We then focus on how damage to brain structure and function after treatment for a paediatric brain tumour might be related to compromised emotion recognition and regulation-as well as broader social affective outcomes. On the basis of our review of the literature across typically developing children and those with a paediatric brain tumour, we suggest that structural changes to fronto-limbic tracts might interrupt social network neural communication in children and adolescents treated for brain tumours. A critical analysis of the reviewed literature suggests a relationship between social affective dysfunction and childhood-acquired injury to white matter microstructure. We argue that the knowledge synthesised regarding paediatric brain tumours could extend to other neurological disorders. Finally, we identify considerations for future investigation and recommend research practices to be adopted in forthcoming studies to establish causal links between brain structure and function to social affective processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Igoshina
- Department of Psychology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Liliana C Wu
- Department of Psychology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Iska Moxon-Emre
- The Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth & Family Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donald J Mabbott
- Department of Psychology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neurosciences and Mental Health Research Program, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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11
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Xu EP, Nguyen L, Leibenluft E, Stange JP, Linke JO. A meta-analysis on the uncinate fasciculus in depression. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2721-2731. [PMID: 37051913 PMCID: PMC10235669 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant microstructure of the uncinate fasciculus (UNC), a white matter (WM) tract implicated in emotion regulation, has been hypothesized as a neurobiological mechanism of depression. However, studies testing this hypothesis have yielded inconsistent results. The present meta-analysis consolidates evidence from 44 studies comparing fractional anisotropy (FA) and radial diffusivity (RD), two metrics characterizing WM microstructure, of the UNC in individuals with depression (n = 5016) to healthy individuals (n = 18 425). We conduct meta-regressions to identify demographic and clinical characteristics that contribute to cross-study heterogeneity in UNC findings. UNC FA was reduced in individuals with depression compared to healthy individuals. UNC RD was comparable between individuals with depression and healthy individuals. Comorbid anxiety explained inter-study heterogeneity in UNC findings. Depression is associated with perturbations in UNC microstructure, specifically with respect to UNC FA and not UNC RD. The association between depression and UNC microstructure appears to be moderated by anxiety. Future work should unravel the cellular mechanisms contributing to aberrant UNC microstructure in depression; clarify the relationship between UNC microstructure, depression, and anxiety; and link UNC microstructure to psychological processes, such as emotion regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie P. Xu
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynn Nguyen
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Stange
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julia O. Linke
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Matyi MA, Spielberg JM. Negative emotion differentiation and white matter microstructure. J Affect Disord 2023; 332:238-246. [PMID: 37059190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in the differentiation of negative emotions - the ability to specifically identify one's negative emotions - are associated with poorer mental health outcomes. However, the processes that lead to individual differences in negative emotion differentiation are not well understood, hampering our understanding of why this process is related to poor mental health outcomes. Given that disruptions in some affective processes are associated with white matter microstructure, identifying the circuitry associated with different affective processes can inform our understanding of how disturbances in these networks may lead to psychopathology. Thus, examination of how white matter microstructure relates to individual differences in negative emotion differentiation (NED) may provide insights into (i) its component processes and (ii) its relationship to brain structure. METHOD The relationship between white matter microstructure and NED was examined. RESULTS NED was related to white matter microstructure in right anterior thalamic radiation and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and left peri-genual cingulum. LIMITATIONS Although participants self-reported psychiatric diagnoses and previous psychological treatment, psychopathology was not directly targeted, and thus, the extent to which microstructure related to NED could be examined in relation to maladaptive outcomes is limited. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that NED is related to white matter microstructure and suggest that pathways subserving processes that facilitate memory, semantics, and affective experience are important for NED. Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which individual differences in NED arise, suggesting intervention targets that may disrupt the relationship between poor differentiation and psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Matyi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Jeffrey M Spielberg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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13
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Vandeloo KL, Burhunduli P, Bouix S, Owsia K, Cho KIK, Fang Z, Van Geel A, Pasternak O, Blier P, Phillips JL. Free-Water Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Differentiates Suicidal Ideation From Suicide Attempt in Treatment-Resistant Depression. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2023; 8:471-481. [PMID: 36906445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide attempt is highly prevalent in treatment-resistant depression (TRD); however, the neurobiological profile of suicidal ideation versus suicide attempt is unclear. Neuroimaging methods including diffusion magnetic resonance imaging-based free-water imaging may identify neural correlates underlying suicidal ideation and attempts in individuals with TRD. METHODS Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 64 male and female participants (mean age 44.5 ± 14.2 years), including 39 patients with TRD (n = 21 and lifetime history of suicidal ideation but no attempts [SI group]; n = 18 with lifetime history of suicide attempt [SA group]), and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy control participants. Depression and suicidal ideation severity were examined using clinician-rated and self-report measures. Whole-brain neuroimaging analysis was conducted using tract-based spatial statistics via FSL to identify differences in white matter microstructure in the SI versus SA groups and in patients versus control participants. RESULTS Free-water imaging revealed elevated axial diffusivity and extracellular free water in fronto-thalamo-limbic white matter tracts of the SA group compared with the SI group. In a separate comparison, patients with TRD had widespread reductions in fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity, as well as elevated radial diffusivity compared with control participants (thresholded p < .05, familywise error corrected). CONCLUSIONS A unique neural signature consisting of elevated axial diffusivity and free water was identified in patients with TRD and suicide attempt history. Findings of reduced fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, and elevated radial diffusivity in patients versus control participants are consistent with previously published studies. Multimodal and prospective investigations are recommended to better understand biological correlates of suicide attempt in TRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Vandeloo
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Burhunduli
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimia Owsia
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kang Ik K Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhuo Fang
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Van Geel
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pierre Blier
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Phillips
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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14
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Gilchrist CP, Kelly CE, Cumberland A, Dhollander T, Treyvaud K, Lee K, Cheong JLY, Doyle LW, Inder TE, Thompson DK, Tolcos M, Anderson PJ. Fiber-Specific Measures of White Matter Microstructure and Macrostructure Are Associated With Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Children Born Very Preterm and Full-term. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:575-585. [PMID: 36481064 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tensor-based investigations suggest that delayed or disrupted white matter development may relate to adverse behavioral outcomes in individuals born very preterm (VP); however, metrics derived from such models lack specificity. Here, we applied a fixel-based analysis framework to examine white matter microstructural and macrostructural correlates of concurrent internalizing and externalizing problems in VP and full-term (FT) children at 7 and 13 years. METHODS Diffusion imaging data were collected in a longitudinal cohort of VP and FT individuals (130 VP and 29 FT at 7 years, 125 VP and 44 FT at 13 years). Fixel-based measures of fiber density, fiber-bundle cross-section, and fiber density and cross-section were extracted from 21 white matter tracts previously implicated in psychopathology. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire parent report at 7 and 13 years. RESULTS At age 7 years, widespread reductions in fiber-bundle cross-section and fiber density and cross-section and tract-specific reductions in fiber density were related to more internalizing and externalizing symptoms irrespective of birth group. At age 13 years, fixel-based measures were not related to internalizing symptoms, while tract-specific reductions in fiber density, fiber-bundle cross-section, and fiber density and cross-section measures were related to more externalizing symptoms in the FT group only. CONCLUSIONS Age-specific neurobiological markers of internalizing and externalizing problems identified in this study extend previous tensor-based findings to inform pathophysiological models of behavior problems and provide the foundation for investigations into novel preventative and therapeutic interventions to mitigate risk in VP and other high-risk infant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney P Gilchrist
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Claire E Kelly
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Cumberland
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thijs Dhollander
- Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karli Treyvaud
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychology and Counselling, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Lee
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeanie L Y Cheong
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terrie E Inder
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deanne K Thompson
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary Tolcos
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Guldner S, Sarvasmaa AS, Lemaître H, Massicotte J, Vulser H, Miranda R, Bezivin-Frère P, Filippi I, Penttilä J, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde AL, Bromberg U, Büchel C, Conrod PJ, Desrivières S, Flor H, Frouin V, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Gowland P, Heinz A, Nees F, Papadopoulos-Orfanos D, Smolka MN, Schumann G, Artiges E, Martinot MLP, Martinot JL. Longitudinal associations between adolescent catch-up sleep, white-matter maturation and internalizing problems. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 59:101193. [PMID: 36610292 PMCID: PMC9841167 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an important contributor for neural maturation and emotion regulation during adolescence, with long-term effects on a range of white matter tracts implicated in affective processing in at-risk populations. We investigated the effects of adolescent sleep patterns on longitudinal changes in white matter development and whether this is related to the emergence of emotional (internalizing) problems. Sleep patterns and internalizing problems were assessed using self-report questionnaires in adolescents recruited in the general population followed up from age 14-19 years (N = 111 White matter structure was measured using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and estimated using fractional anisotropy (FA). We found that longitudinal increases in time in bed (TIB) on weekends and increases in TIB-variability between weekdays to weekend, were associated with an increase in FA in various interhemispheric and cortico-striatal tracts. Extracted FA values from left superior longitudinal fasciculus mediated the relationship between increases in TIB on weekends and a decrease in internalizing problems. These results imply that while insufficient sleep might have potentially harmful effects on long-term white matter development and internalizing problems, longer sleep duration on weekends (catch-up sleep) might be a natural counteractive and protective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Guldner
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anna S Sarvasmaa
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Student Health Service, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hervé Lemaître
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France; Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, CNRS, CEA, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jessica Massicotte
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Hélène Vulser
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Ruben Miranda
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Pauline Bezivin-Frère
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Irina Filippi
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jani Penttilä
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France; Department of Social and Health Care, Psychosocial Services Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Lahti, Finland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Lw Bokde
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Uli Bromberg
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Büchel
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvane Desrivières
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herta Flor
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Saclay, France
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hugh Garavan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, 05405 Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Penny Gowland
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frauke Nees
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroimaging Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), ISTBI, Fudan University Shanghai; and Dept. of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Artiges
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France; EPS Barthelemy Durand, Etampes, France
| | - Marie-Laure Paillère Martinot
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France; AP-HP. Sorbonne Université, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Martinot
- Université Paris-Saclay; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1299 "Trajectoires développementales Psychiatrie", Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 9010, Université Paris Cité, Centre Borelli, Gif sur Yvette, France.
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Lou J, Sun Y, Cui Z, Gong L. Structural brain alterations in young adult males with narcissistic personality disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:133-140. [PMID: 33635732 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1896504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES 1. To find a difference in white matter (WM) between young adult males with narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and healthy controls (HCs). 2. To find some correlations between white matter in the abnormal regions of NPD group and the pathological narcissism inventory (PNI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen male participants with NPD (age M = 18.39, SD = 0.164; education M = 12.33, SD = 0.14) were included in our experiment. NPD participants met the DSM-IV criteria for NPD and without other personality disorders evaluated by trained clinical psychiatrists using the Structured Clinical Interview of DSM-IV for Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Moreover, healthy controls were also confirmed to be free of any axis I or II disorders and matched with education level, age and handedness (age M = 18.83 years, SD = 0.246; education M = 12.56, SD = 0.202; all participants were right handed). Those who have had major life events in the last six months, mental and physical illnesses, claustrophobia and oral implants have been excluded. We used tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) on diffusion tensor images (DTI) and analysis of Pearson correlation between abnormal brain regions of white matter fibers and the pathological narcissism inventory. RESULTS There was no significant difference in age and education level between NPD and HCs (p > 0.05). There were significant differences in PNI score and its subscales between NPD group and HCs (p < 0.01). Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were found decreased mainly in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and the bilateral posterior thalamic radiation (include optic radiation). Lower axial diffusivity (AD) values were identified mostly in the left retrolenticular part of internal capsule and the left posterior thalamic radiation (include optic radiation). There existed a significant correlation between DTI data and pathological narcissism inventory. CONCLUSIONS The decreased brain white matter microstructures among three clusters were found in the association, projection/thalamic and connection pathways of white matter in young adult males with NPD. The abnormal white matter brain regions may be one of the neuropathological basis of the pathogenesis of young males with NPD, and it may be related to white matter development in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lou
- Neuropsychological Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yueji Sun
- Neuropsychological Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhixia Cui
- Neuropsychological Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Neuropsychological Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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White Matter Microstructure Associated with the Antidepressant Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Review of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315379. [PMID: 36499706 PMCID: PMC9738114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a severe disorder characterized by high relapse rates and decreased quality of life. An effective strategy in the management of TRD is deep brain stimulation (DBS), a technique consisting of the implantation of electrodes that receive a stimulation via a pacemaker-like stimulator into specific brain areas, detected through neuroimaging investigations, which include the subgenual cingulate cortex (sgCC), basal ganglia, and forebrain bundles. In this context, to improve our understanding of the mechanism underlying the antidepressant effects of DBS in TRD, we collected the results of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies exploring how WM microstructure is associated with the therapeutic effects of DBS in TRD. A search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus identified 11 investigations assessing WM microstructure in responders and non-responders to DBS. Altered WM microstructure, particularly in the sgCC, medial forebrain bundle, cingulum bundle, forceps minor, and uncinate fasciculus, was associated with the antidepressant effect of DBS in TRD. Overall, the results show that DBS targeting selective brain regions, including the sgCC, forebrain bundle, cingulum bundle, rectus gyrus, anterior limb of the internal capsule, forceps minor, and uncinate fasciculus, seem to be effective for the treatment of TRD.
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Colic L, Villa LM, Dauvermann MR, van Velzen LS, Sankar A, Goldman DA, Panchal P, Kim JA, Quatrano S, Spencer L, Constable RT, Suckling J, Goodyer IM, Schmaal L, van Harmelen AL, Blumberg HP. Brain grey and white matter structural associations with future suicidal ideation and behaviors in adolescent and young adult females with mood disorders. JCPP ADVANCES 2022; 2:e12118. [PMID: 36817186 PMCID: PMC9937714 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To reduce suicide in females with mood disorders, it is critical to understand brain substrates underlying their vulnerability to future suicidal ideation and behaviors (SIBs) in adolescence and young adulthood. In an international collaboration, grey and white matter structure was investigated in adolescent and young adult females with future suicidal behaviors (fSB) and ideation (fSI), and without SIBs (fnonSIB). Methods Structural (n = 91) and diffusion-weighted (n = 88) magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline and SIB measures at follow-up on average two years later (standard deviation, SD = 1 year) were assessed in 92 females [age(SD) = 16.1(2.6) years] with bipolar disorder (BD, 28.3%) or major depressive disorder (MDD, 71.7%). One-way analyses of covariance comparing baseline regional grey matter cortical surface area, thickness, subcortical grey volumes, or white matter tensor-based fractional anisotropy across fSB (n = 40, 43.5%), fSI (n = 33, 35.9%) and fnonSIB (n = 19, 20.6%) groups were followed by pairwise comparisons in significant regions (p < 0.05). Results Compared to fnonSIBs, fSIs and fSBs showed significant decreases in cortical thickness of right inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis and middle temporal gyrus, fSIs of left inferior frontal gyrus, pars orbitalis. FSIs and fSBs showed lower fractional anisotropy in left uncinate fasciculus and corona radiata, and fSBs in right uncinate and superior fronto-occipital fasciculi. Conclusions The study provides preliminary evidence of grey and white matter alterations in brain regions subserving emotional and behavioral regulation and perceptual processing in adolescent and young adult females with mood disorders with, versus without, future SIBs. Findings suggest potential targets to prevent SIBs in female adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejla Colic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Luca M. Villa
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria R. Dauvermann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura S. van Velzen
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anjali Sankar
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Kobenhavn, Denmark
| | - Danielle A. Goldman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Priyanka Panchal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jihoon A. Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Susan Quatrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Linda Spencer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - R. Todd Constable
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian M. Goodyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Laura van Harmelen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hilary P. Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Barch DM, Hua X, Kandala S, Harms MP, Sanders A, Brady R, Tillman R, Luby JL. White matter alterations associated with lifetime and current depression in adolescents: Evidence for cingulum disruptions. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:881-890. [PMID: 36321433 PMCID: PMC10848013 DOI: 10.1002/da.23294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compared to research on adults with depression, relatively little work has examined white matter microstructure differences in depression arising earlier in life. Here we tested hypotheses about disruptions to white matter structure in adolescents with current and past depression, with an a priori focus on the cingulum bundles, uncinate fasciculi, corpus collosum, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. METHODS One hundred thirty-one children from the Preschool Depression Study were assessed using a Human Connectome Project style diffusion imaging sequence which was processed with HCP pipelines and TRACULA to generate estimates of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). RESULTS We found that reduced FA, reduced AD, and increased RD in the dorsal cingulum bundle were associated with a lifetime diagnosis of major depression and greater cumulative and current depression severity. Reduced FA, reduced AD, and increased RD in the ventral cingulum were associated with greater cumulative depression severity. CONCLUSION These findings support the emergence of white matter differences detected in adolescence associated with earlier life and concurrent depression. They also highlight the importance of connections of the cingulate to other brain regions in association with depression, potentially relevant to understanding emotion dysregulation and functional connectivity differences in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M. Barch
- Departments of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xiao Hua
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Imaging Sciences Program, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, St. Louis, USA
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael P. Harms
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashley Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebecca Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joan L. Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Rasmussen JØ, Nordholm D, Glenthøj LB, Jensen MA, Garde AH, Ragahava JM, Jennum PJ, Glenthøj BY, Nordentoft M, Baandrup L, Ebdrup BH, Kristensen TD. White matter microstructure and sleep-wake disturbances in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:1029149. [PMID: 36393990 PMCID: PMC9649829 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1029149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim White matter changes in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) may be involved in the transition to psychosis. Sleep-wake disturbances commonly precede the first psychotic episode and predict development of psychosis. We examined associations between white matter microstructure and sleep-wake disturbances in UHR individuals compared to healthy controls (HC), as well as explored the confounding effect of medication, substance use, and level of psychopathology. Methods Sixty-four UHR individuals and 35 HC underwent clinical interviews and diffusion weighted imaging. Group differences on global and callosal mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was tested using general linear modeling. Sleep-wake disturbances were evaluated using the subjective measures disturbed sleep index (DSI) and disturbed awakening index (AWI) from the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire, supported by objective sleep measures from one-night actigraphy. The primary analyses comprised partial correlation analyses between global FA/callosal FA and sleep-wake measures. Secondary analyses investigated multivariate patterns of covariance between measures of sleep-wake disturbances and FA in 48 white matter regions of interest using partial least square correlations. Results Ultra-high risk for psychosis individuals displayed lower global FA (F = 14.56, p < 0.001) and lower callosal FA (F = 11.34, p = 0.001) compared to HC. Subjective sleep-wake disturbances were significantly higher among the UHR individuals (DSI: F = 27.59, p < 0.001, AWI: F = 36.42, p < 0.001). Lower callosal FA was correlated with increased wake after sleep onset (r = -0.34, p = 0.011) and increased sleep fragmentation index (r = -0.31, p = 0.019) in UHR individuals. Multivariate analyses identified a pattern of covariance in regional FA which were associated with DSI and AWI in UHR individuals (p = 0.028), but not in HC. Substance use, sleep medication and antipsychotic medication did not significantly confound these associations. The association with objective sleep-wake measures was sustained when controlling for level of depressive and UHR symptoms, but symptom level confounded the covariation between FA and subjective sleep-wake measures in the multivariate analyses. Conclusion Compromised callosal microstructure in UHR individuals was related to objectively observed disruptions in sleep-wake functioning. Lower FA in ventrally located regions was associated with subjectively measured sleep-wake disturbances and was partly explained by psychopathology. These findings call for further investigation of sleep disturbances as a potential treatment target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Ø. Rasmussen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Nordholm
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise B. Glenthøj
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie A. Jensen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne H. Garde
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jayachandra M. Ragahava
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul J. Jennum
- Danish Centre for Sleep Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Y. Glenthøj
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lone Baandrup
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn H. Ebdrup
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tina D. Kristensen
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Large-scale dysfunctional white matter and grey matter networks in patients with social anxiety disorder. iScience 2022; 25:105094. [PMID: 36185352 PMCID: PMC9519591 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of large-scale brain networks has been implicated in social anxiety disorder (SAD); most work has focused on grey matter (GM) functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities, whereas white matter (WM) FC alterations remain unclear. Here, using a K-means clustering algorithm, we obtained 8 GM and 10 WM functional networks from a cohort dataset (48 SAD patients and 48 healthy controls). By calculating and comparing FC matrices between SAD group and healthy controls, we demonstrated disrupted connections between the limbic and dorsal prefrontal, lateral temporal, and sensorimotor networks, and between the visual and sensorimotor networks. Furthermore, there were negative correlations between HAMD scores and limbic-dorsal prefrontal and limbic-sensorimotor networks, and between illness duration and sensorimotor-visual networks. These findings reflect the critical role of limbic network, with its extensive connections to other networks, and the neurobiology of disordered cognition processing and emotional regulation in SAD. Anomalous interactions between large-scale functional networks were identified in SAD The limbic, prefrontal, and perceptual networks underlie the neurobiology of SAD The white matter functional network is physiologically important
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22
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Romaniuk M, Xia Y, Fisher G, Pannek K, Fripp J, Evans J, Rose S. The relationship between chronic PTSD, cortical volumetry and white matter microstructure among Australian combat veterans. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:50. [PMID: 36114591 PMCID: PMC9482182 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with volumetric and white matter microstructural changes among general and veteran populations. However, regions implicated have greatly varied and often conflict between studies, potentially due to confounding comorbidities within samples. This study compared grey matter volume and white matter microstructure among Australian combat veterans with and without a lifetime diagnosis of PTSD, in a homogenous sample assessed for known confounding comorbidities. METHODS Sixty-eight male trauma-exposed veterans (16 PTSD-diagnosed; mean age 69 years) completed a battery of psychometric assessments and underwent magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging. Analyses included tract-based spatial statistics, voxel-wise analyses, diffusion connectome-based group-wise analysis, and volumetric analysis. RESULTS Significantly smaller grey matter volumes were observed in the left prefrontal cortex (P = 0.026), bilateral middle frontal gyrus (P = 0.021), and left anterior insula (P = 0.048) in the PTSD group compared to controls. Significant negative correlations were found between PTSD symptom severity and fractional anisotropy values in the left corticospinal tract (R2 = 0.34, P = 0.024) and left inferior cerebellar peduncle (R2 = 0.62, P = 0.016). No connectome-based differences in white matter properties were observed. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study reinforce reports of white matter alterations, as indicated by reduced fractional anisotropy values, in relation to PTSD symptom severity, as well as patterns of reduced volume in the prefrontal cortex. These results contribute to the developing profile of neuroanatomical differences uniquely attributable to veterans who suffer from chronic PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Romaniuk
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, 4120, Australia. .,Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, 4067, Australia.
| | - Ying Xia
- The Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, Australia
| | - Gina Fisher
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, 4120, Australia
| | - Kerstin Pannek
- The Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, Australia
| | - Jurgen Fripp
- The Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, Australia
| | - Justine Evans
- Gallipoli Medical Research Foundation, Greenslopes Private Hospital, Greenslopes, 4120, Australia
| | - Stephen Rose
- The Australian E-Health Research Centre, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Herston, 4029, Australia
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Feng C, Huang W, Xu K, Stewart JL, Camilleri JA, Yang X, Wei P, Gu R, Luo W, Eickhoff SB. Neural substrates of motivational dysfunction across neuropsychiatric conditions: Evidence from meta-analysis and lesion network mapping. Clin Psychol Rev 2022; 96:102189. [PMID: 35908312 PMCID: PMC9720091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Motivational dysfunction constitutes one of the fundamental dimensions of psychopathology cutting across traditional diagnostic boundaries. However, it is unclear whether there is a common neural circuit responsible for motivational dysfunction across neuropsychiatric conditions. To address this issue, the current study combined a meta-analysis on psychiatric neuroimaging studies of reward/loss anticipation and consumption (4308 foci, 438 contrasts, 129 publications) with a lesion network mapping approach (105 lesion cases). Our meta-analysis identified transdiagnostic hypoactivation in the ventral striatum (VS) for clinical/at-risk conditions compared to controls during the anticipation of both reward and loss. Moreover, the VS subserves a key node in a distributed brain network which encompasses heterogeneous lesion locations causing motivation-related symptoms. These findings do not only provide the first meta-analytic evidence of shared neural alternations linked to anticipatory motivation-related deficits, but also shed novel light on the role of VS dysfunction in motivational impairments in terms of both network integration and psychological functions. Particularly, the current findings suggest that motivational dysfunction across neuropsychiatric conditions is rooted in disruptions of a common brain network anchored in the VS, which contributes to motivational salience processing rather than encoding positive incentive values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education (South China Normal University), Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,Corresponding authors at: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. (C. Feng), (R. Gu)
| | - Wenhao Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, and School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China,Department of Decision Neuroscience and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Kangli Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | | | - Julia A. Camilleri
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, and School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,Corresponding authors at: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. (C. Feng), (R. Gu)
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Simon B. Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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24
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Maurer JM, Paul S, Edwards BG, Anderson NE, Nyalakanti PK, Harenski CL, Decety J, Kiehl KA. Reduced structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus in incarcerated women scoring high on psychopathy. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2141-2149. [PMID: 35882762 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Both men and women scoring high on psychopathy exhibit similar structural and functional neural abnormalities, including reduced volume of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and reduced hemodynamic activity in the amygdala during affective processing experimental paradigms. The uncinate fasciculus (UF) is a white matter (WM) tract that connects the amygdala to the OFC. Reduced structural integrity of the UF, measured via fractional anisotropy (FA), is commonly associated with men scoring high on psychopathy. However, only one study to date has investigated the relationship between psychopathic traits and UF structural integrity in women, recruiting participants from a community sample. Here, we investigated whether Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) facet scores (measuring interpersonal, affective, lifestyle/behavioral, and antisocial psychopathic traits, respectively) were associated with reduced FA in the left and right UF in a sample of 254 incarcerated women characterized by a wide range of psychopathy scores. We observed that PCL-R Facet 3 scores, assessing lifestyle/behavioral psychopathic traits, were associated with reduced FA in the left and right UF, even when controlling for participant's age and history of previous substance use. The results obtained in the current study help improve our understanding of structural abnormalities associated with women scoring high on psychopathy. Specifically, reduced UF structural integrity may contribute to some of the deficits commonly associated with women scoring high on psychopathy, including emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Maurer
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.
| | - Subhadip Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Narendrapur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,JIVAN- Centre for Research in Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), Narendrapur, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.,Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute (RKMVERI), P.O.: Belur Math, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Bethany G Edwards
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | - Carla L Harenski
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA
| | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kent A Kiehl
- The Mind Research Network, 1101 Yale Boulevard NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87106, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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25
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Chen L, Zeng X, Zhou S, Gu Z, Pan J. Correlation Between Serum High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, Serum Interleukin-6 and White Matter Integrity Before and After the Treatment of Drug-Naïve Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:948637. [PMID: 35911989 PMCID: PMC9326236 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.948637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have noticed that systemic inflammation may alter the integrity of white matter. However, how the levels of serum cytokine affect the integrity of white matter in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients are unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the association between the inflammatory cytokine levels and white matter microstructure in drug-naïve patients with MDD pre- and post-treatment. Method In total, 29 MDD patients and 25 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was conducted in all subjects at baseline, and the MDD patients were reassessed after venlafaxine treatment, using a tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analysis. Morning serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations in MDD patients were also measured pre- and post-treatment. Results Significantly reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) values were found in the bilateral superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFO), posterior limb of the internal capsule (IC-PL), and fornix compared with the HC, and FA values in these regions in MDD patients have risen to normal levels except the bilateral SFO after treatment. The FA value of the left IC-PL was inversely correlated with the peripheral hs-CRP levels in both pre- and post-treatment MDD patients. Conclusion Our results suggested that the white matter integrity in the left IC-PL was significantly inversely correlated with the peripheral hs-CRP levels in both pre- and post-treatment MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangling Zeng
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Sijia Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwen Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiyang Pan,
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26
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Krekeler BN, Hou J, Nair VA, Vivek P, Rusche N, Rogus-Pulia N, Robbins J. Alterations in white matter microstructural properties after lingual strength exercise in patients with dysphagia. Neuroreport 2022; 33:392-398. [PMID: 35594433 PMCID: PMC9141426 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Central nervous system effects of lingual strengthening exercise to treat dysphagia remain largely unknown. This pilot study measured changes in microstructural white matter to capture alterations in neural signal processing following lingual strengthening exercise. METHODS Diffusion-weighted images were acquired from seven participants with dysphagia of varying etiologies, before and after lingual strengthening exercise (20 reps, 3×/day, 3 days/week, 8 weeks), using a 10-min diffusion sequence (9 b0, 56 directions with b1000) on GE750 3T scanner. Tract-Based Spatial Statistics evaluated voxel-based group differences for fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity and local diffusion homogeneity (LDH). Paired t-tests evaluated treatment differences on each metric (P < 0.05). RESULTS After lingual strengthening exercise, lingual pressure generation increased (avg increase = 46.1 hPa; nonsignificant P = 0.52) with these changes in imaging metrics: (1) decrease in fractional anisotropy, forceps minor; (2) increase in mean diffusivity, right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF); (3) decrease in mean diffusivity, left uncinate fasciculus; (4) decrease in axial diffusivity, both left IFOF and left uncinate fasciculus; (5) increase in LDH, right anterior thalamic radiation and (6) decrease in LDH, temporal portion of right superior longitudinal fasciculus. There was a positive correlation between diffusion tensor imaging metrics and change in lingual pressure generation in left IFOF and the temporal portion of right superior longitudinal fasciculus. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that lingual strengthening exercise can induce changes in white matter structural and functional properties in a small group of patients with dysphagia of heterogeneous etiologies. These procedures should be repeated with a larger group of patients to improve interpretation of overall lingual strengthening exercise effects on cortical structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N Krekeler
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati
- Department of Surgery – Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Jiancheng Hou
- Center for Cross-Straits Cultural Development, Fujian Normal University
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Veena A. Nair
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Nicole Rusche
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Nicole Rogus-Pulia
- Department of Surgery – Otolaryngology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S Middleton Memorial Veteran’s Hospital
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27
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Abnormal white matter structure in hoarding disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:1-8. [PMID: 35081485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although preliminary neuroimaging research suggests that patients with hoarding disorder (HD) show widespread abnormal task-related activity in the brain, there has been no research on alterations in the white matter tracts in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the major white matter tracts in patients with HD. Tract-based spatial statistics were used to search for white matter tract abnormalities throughout the brain in 25 patients with HD and 36 healthy controls. Post hoc analysis of regions of interest was performed to detect correlations with clinical features. Compared with the controls, patients with HD showed decreased fractional anisotropy and increased radial diffusivity in anatomically widespread white matter tracts. Post hoc analysis of regions of interest revealed a significant negative correlation between the severity of hoarding symptoms and fractional anisotropy in the left anterior limb of the internal capsule and a positive correlation between the severity of these symptoms and radial diffusivity in the right anterior thalamic radiation. Patients with HD showed a broad range of alterations in the frontal white matter tracts, including the frontothalamic circuit, frontoparietal network, and frontolimbic pathway. The findings of this study indicate associations between frontal white matter abnormalities related to the severity of hoarding symptoms in HD and the cortical regions involved in cognitive dysfunction. The insights provided would be useful for understanding the neurobiological basis of HD.
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28
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Gu X, Dubol M, Stiernman L, Wikström J, Hahn A, Lanzenberger R, Epperson CN, Bixo M, Sundström-Poromaa I, Comasco E. White matter microstructure and volume correlates of premenstrual dysphoric disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2022; 47:E67-E76. [PMID: 35197364 PMCID: PMC9259386 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.210143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a mood disorder characterized by psychological and physical symptoms. Differences in white matter have been associated with affective and anxiety disorders, which share some symptoms with PMDD. However, whether white matter structure differs between the brains of individuals with PMDD and healthy controls is not known, nor is its relation to symptom severity. METHODS We performed tract-based spatial statistics and voxel-based morphometry analyses of diffusion tensor imaging metrics and white matter volume, using 2 neuroimaging data sets (n = 67 and n = 131) and a combined whole-brain and region-of-interest approach. We performed correlation analyses to investigate the relationship between regions with different white matter microstructure and volume and PMDD symptom severity. RESULTS We found greater fractional anisotropy in the left uncinate fasciculus (d = 0.69) in individuals with PMDD compared to controls. Moreover, the volume of the right uncinate fasciculus was higher in individuals with PMDD compared to controls (d = 0.40). As well, the severity of premenstrual depression was positively correlated with fractional anisotropy in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (r = 0.35). LIMITATIONS It is challenging to interpret group differences in diffusion tensor imaging metrics in terms of their underlying biophysical properties. The small size of the control group in the diffusion tensor imaging study may have prevented effects of interest from being detected. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study provide evidence of differential cerebral white matter structure associated with PMDD and its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erika Comasco
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (Gu, Dubol, Comasco); the Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (Stiernman, Bixo); the Department of Surgical Sciences, Neuroradiology, Uppsala University, Sweden (Wikström); the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria (Hahn, Lanzenberger); the Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA (Epperson); the Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden (Sundström-Poromaa)
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29
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Eijsker N, Schröder A, Liebrand LC, Smit DJA, van Wingen G, Denys D. White matter abnormalities in misophonia. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 32:102787. [PMID: 34461433 PMCID: PMC8405911 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Misophonia is a condition in which specific ordinary sounds provoke disproportionately strong negative affect and physiological arousal. Evidence for neurobiological abnormalities underlying misophonia is scarce. Since many psychiatric disorders show white matter (WM) abnormalities, we tested for both macro and micro-structural WM differences between misophonia patients and healthy controls. We collected T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images from 24 patients and 25 matched controls. We tested for group differences in WM volume using whole-brain voxel-based morphometry and used the significant voxels from this analysis as seeds for probabilistic tractography. After calculation of diffusion tensors, we compared group means for fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and directional diffusivities, and applied tract-based spatial statistics for voxel-wise comparison. Compared to controls, patients had greater left-hemispheric WM volumes in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, and body of the corpus callosum connecting bilateral superior frontal gyri. Patients also had lower averaged radial and mean diffusivities and voxel-wise comparison indicated large and widespread clusters of lower mean diffusivity. We found both macro and microstructural WM abnormalities in our misophonia sample, suggesting misophonia symptomatology is associated with WM alterations. These biological alterations may be related to differences in social-emotional processing, particularly recognition of facial affect, and to attention for affective information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Eijsker
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Schröder
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands
| | - Luka C Liebrand
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands; Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J A Smit
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands
| | - Guido van Wingen
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, Amsterdam 1001 NK, the Netherlands.
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30
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Domínguez-Borràs J, Vuilleumier P. Amygdala function in emotion, cognition, and behavior. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 187:359-380. [PMID: 35964983 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823493-8.00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala is a core structure in the anterior medial temporal lobe, with an important role in several brain functions involving memory, emotion, perception, social cognition, and even awareness. As a key brain structure for saliency detection, it triggers and controls widespread modulatory signals onto multiple areas of the brain, with a great impact on numerous aspects of adaptive behavior. Here we discuss the neural mechanisms underlying these functions, as established by animal and human research, including insights provided in both healthy and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Domínguez-Borràs
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology & Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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31
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Kristensen TD, Glenthøj LB, Raghava JM, Syeda W, Mandl RCW, Wenneberg C, Krakauer K, Fagerlund B, Pantelis C, Glenthøj BY, Nordentoft M, Ebdrup BH. Changes in negative symptoms are linked to white matter changes in superior longitudinal fasciculus in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2021; 237:192-201. [PMID: 34543833 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM Growing evidence suggests that subtle white matter (WM) alterations are associated with psychopathology in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR). However, the longitudinal relationship between symptom progression and WM changes over time remains under-explored. Here, we examine associations between changes in clinical symptoms and changes in WM over six months in a large UHR-cohort. METHODS 110 UHR-individuals and 59 healthy controls underwent diffusion weighted imaging at baseline and after six months. Group × time effects on fractional anisotropy (FA) were tested globally and in four predefined regions of interest (ROIs) bilaterally using linear modelling with repeated measures. Correlations between the changes in clinical symptoms and FA changes in the ROIs were examined with Pearson's correlation. A partial least squares correlation-technique (PLS-C) explored multivariate associations between patterns of changes in psychopathology, regional FA and additional WM indices. RESULTS At baseline, UHR-individuals displayed significantly lower FA globally (p = 0.018; F = 12.274), in right superior longitudinal fasciculus (p = 0.02; Adj R2 = 0.07) and in left uncinate fasciculus (p = 0.048; Adj R2 = 0.058) compared to controls (corrected). We identified a group × time interaction in global FA and right superior longitudinal fasciculus, but the finding did not survive multiple comparisons. However, an increase of negative symptoms in UHR-individuals correlated with FA increase in right superior longitudinal fasciculus (p = 0.048, corrected, r = 0.357), and this finding was supported by the multivariate PLS-C. CONCLUSION We found a positive correlation with a moderate effect between change in negative symptoms and FA change over 6 months in right superior longitudinal fasciculus. This link appeared mainly to reflect a subgroup of UHR-individuals, which already at baseline presented as vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina D Kristensen
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Louise B Glenthøj
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jayachandra M Raghava
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Warda Syeda
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rene C W Mandl
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Wenneberg
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kristine Krakauer
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia
| | - Birte Y Glenthøj
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health (CORE), Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn H Ebdrup
- Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Demnitz-King H, Göehre I, Marchant NL. The neuroanatomical correlates of repetitive negative thinking: A systematic review. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 316:111353. [PMID: 34390952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a cognitive process characterised by intrusive, repetitive, and difficult-to-disengage-from negative thoughts. Heightened RNT levels are prevalent across clinical disorders and have been associated with ill-health (e.g. cardiovascular disease), even at lower, non-clinical levels. Identifying the neuroanatomical correlates of RNT could help characterise structural alterations that transcend diagnostic boundaries and further understanding of the pathogenesis of clinical disorders. We therefore conducted a systematic review to investigate associations between RNT and brain morphology. Following title/abstract and full-text screening, 24 studies were included. We found evidence that RNT severity is associated with grey and white matter volumes/microstructure, particularly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and superior longitudinal fasciculus, regions heavily implicated in cognitive control, and emotional processing and regulation. However, inconsistent associations, potentially due to the heterogeneity of included studies (e.g. methodological differences, type of RNT assessed), preclude specific conclusions being reached regarding any one region's association with RNT. Further, given the defuse nature of thoughts, it may be that RNT is associated with distributed brain regions operating within large-scale networks, rather than with a single structure. High quality longitudinal studies, investigating structural networks, are required to confirm the neuroanatomical basis of RNT and elucidate the direction of relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Demnitz-King
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Isabelle Göehre
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, United Kingdom; Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychological Treatment, Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 6th Floor, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, United Kingdom
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Prospective study on microstructure in medication-naïve adolescents with first-episode major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:268-275. [PMID: 34217965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent mental disorders during adolescence, and early diagnosis and treatment are important. We aimed to characterize the microstructure of the brain in medication-naïve adolescents with first-episode MDD. METHODS Patients with MDD (N = 31) and healthy controls (N = 27) participated in this study and severity of depressive symptoms, duration of untreated depressive episode, demographic data, and diffuse tensor imaging data were collected. A comparative analysis of patients and healthy controls was performed, and the effect of medication on the brain`s integrity was investigated through comparison before and after 3 months of treatment in the patient group. Tract-based spatial statistics was used for diffusion tensor image analysis. RESULTS In the patient group, functional anisotropy (FA) values were significantly higher at the genu of the corpus callosum, body of the corpus callosum, and right anterior corona radiata than in healthy controls. After 3 months of treatment, FA values were significantly decreased in the left anterior limb of the internal capsule, left posterior limb of the internal capsule, and left superior longitudinal fasciculus. LIMITATIONS The sample size is relatively small and 3-month treatment period was relatively short. CONCLUSION FA values of patients with MDD were increased compared to healthy controls and decreased after treatment. These results suggested that pharmacological treatments in the early stages of MDD might restore the brain`s integrity.
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Kliamovich D, Jones SA, Chiapuzio AM, Baker FC, Clark DB, Nagel BJ. Sex-specific patterns of white matter microstructure are associated with emerging depression during adolescence. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 315:111324. [PMID: 34273656 PMCID: PMC8387429 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior research has demonstrated associations between adolescent depression and alterations in the white matter microstructure of fiber tracts implicated in emotion regulation. Using diffusion tensor imaging, this study explored premorbid, sex-specific white matter microstructural features that related to future emergence of major depressive disorder (MDD) during adolescence and young adulthood. Adolescents from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence study, who were 12-21 years old at study entry and had not experienced major depression as of the baseline assessment, were selected for inclusion (N = 462, n = 223 female adolescents). Over five years of annual follow-up, 63 participants developed a diagnosis of MDD, as determined by the Computerized Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (n = 39 female adolescents). A whole-brain multivariate modeling approach was used to examine the relationship between fractional anisotropy (FA) at baseline and emergence into MDD, as a function of sex, controlling for age at baseline. Among female adolescents, those who developed MDD had significantly lower baseline FA in a portion of left precentral gyrus white matter, while male adolescents exhibited the opposite pattern. These results may serve as indirect microstructural markers of risk and targets for the prevention of depression during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Kliamovich
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Scott A Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Fiona C Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bonnie J Nagel
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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Weis CN, Huggins AA, Miskovich TA, Fitzgerald JM, Bennett KP, Krukowski JL, Webb EK, deRoon-Cassini TA, Larson CL. Acute White Matter Integrity Post-trauma and Prospective Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:742198. [PMID: 34658821 PMCID: PMC8511512 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.742198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about what distinguishes those who are resilient after trauma from those at risk for developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Previous work indicates white matter integrity may be a useful biomarker in predicting PTSD. Research has shown changes in the integrity of three white matter tracts-the cingulum bundle, corpus callosum (CC), and uncinate fasciculus (UNC)-in the aftermath of trauma relate to PTSD symptoms. However, few have examined the predictive utility of white matter integrity in the acute aftermath of trauma to predict prospective PTSD symptom severity in a mixed traumatic injury sample. Method: Thus, the current study investigated acute brain structural integrity in 148 individuals being treated for traumatic injuries in the Emergency Department of a Level 1 trauma center. Participants underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging 2 weeks post-trauma and completed several self-report measures at 2-weeks (T1) and 6 months (T2), including the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-V (CAPS-5), post-injury. Results: Consistent with previous work, T1 lesser anterior cingulum fractional anisotropy (FA) was marginally related to greater T2 total PTSD symptoms. No other white matter tracts were related to PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: Results demonstrate that in a traumatically injured sample with predominantly subclinical PTSD symptoms at T2, acute white matter integrity after trauma is not robustly related to the development of chronic PTSD symptoms. These findings suggest the timing of evaluating white matter integrity and PTSD is important as white matter differences may not be apparent in the acute period after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa N. Weis
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Ashley A. Huggins
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - E. Kate Webb
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Terri A. deRoon-Cassini
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Christine L. Larson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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Kanel D, Vanes LD, Pecheva D, Hadaya L, Falconer S, Counsell SJ, Edwards DA, Nosarti C. Neonatal White Matter Microstructure and Emotional Development during the Preschool Years in Children Who Were Born Very Preterm. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0546-20.2021. [PMID: 34373253 PMCID: PMC8489022 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0546-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Children born very preterm (<33 weeks of gestation) are at a higher risk of developing socio-emotional difficulties compared with those born at term. In this longitudinal study, we tested the hypothesis that diffusion characteristics of white matter (WM) tracts implicated in socio-emotional processing assessed in the neonatal period are associated with socio-emotional development in 151 very preterm children previously enrolled into the Evaluation of Preterm Imaging study (EudraCT 2009-011602-42). All children underwent diffusion tensor imaging at term-equivalent age and fractional anisotropy (FA) was quantified in the uncinate fasciculus (UF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Children's socio-emotional development was evaluated at preschool age (median = 4.63 years). Exploratory factor analysis conducted on the outcome variables revealed a three-factor structure, with latent constructs summarized as: "emotion moderation," "social function," and "empathy." Results of linear regression analyses, adjusting for full-scale IQ and clinical and socio-demographic variables, showed an association between lower FA in the right UF and higher "emotion moderation" scores (β = -0.280; p < 0.001), which was mainly driven by negative affectivity scores (β = -0.281; p = 0.001). Results further showed an association between higher full-scale IQ and better social functioning (β = -0.334, p < 0.001). Girls had higher empathy scores than boys (β = -0.341, p = 0.006). These findings suggest that early alterations of diffusion characteristics of the UF could represent a biological substrate underlying the link between very preterm birth and emotional dysregulation in childhood and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kanel
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy D Vanes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Diliana Pecheva
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Laila Hadaya
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Shona Falconer
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - David A Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom
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Kuhn T, Becerra S, Duncan J, Spivak N, Dang BH, Habelhah B, Mahdavi KD, Mamoun M, Whitney M, Pereles FS, Bystritsky A, Jordan SE. Translating state-of-the-art brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques into clinical practice: multimodal MRI differentiates dementia subtypes in a traditional clinical setting. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:4056-4073. [PMID: 34476189 PMCID: PMC8339641 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study sought to validate the clinical utility of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in the assessment of neurodegenerative disorders. We intended to demonstrate that advanced neuroimaging techniques commonly used in research can effectively be employed in clinical practice to accurately differentiate heathy aging and dementia subtypes. METHODS Twenty patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and 18 patients with Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) were identified using gold-standard techniques. Twenty-three healthy, age and sex matched control participants were also recruited. All participants underwent multimodal MRI including T1 structural, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), arterial spin labeling (ASL), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRI modalities were evaluated by trained neuroimaging readers and were separately assessed using cross-validated, iterative discriminant function analyses with subsequent feature reduction techniques. In this way, each modality was evaluated for its ability to differentiate patients with dementia from healthy controls as well as to differentiate dementia subtypes. RESULTS Following individual and group feature reduction, each of the multimodal MRI metrics except MRS successfully differentiated healthy aging from dementia and also demonstrated distinct dementia subtypes. Using the following ten metrics, excellent separation (95.5% accuracy, 92.3% sensitivity; 100.0% specificity) was achieved between healthy aging and neurodegenerative conditions: volume of the left frontal pole, left occipital pole, right posterior superior temporal gyrus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, right planum temporale; perfusion of the left hippocampus and left occipital lobe; fractional anisotropy (FA) of the forceps major and bilateral anterior thalamic radiation. Using volume of the left frontal pole, right posterior superior temporal gyrus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, perfusion of the left hippocampus and left occipital lobe; FA of the forceps major and bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, neurodegenerative subtypes were accurately differentiated as well (87.8% accuracy, 95.2% sensitivity; 85.0% specificity). CONCLUSIONS Regional volumetrics, DTI metrics, and ASL successfully differentiated dementia patients from controls with sufficient sensitivity to differentiate dementia subtypes. Similarly, feature reduction results suggest that advanced analyses can meaningfully identify brain regions with the most positive predictive value and discriminant validity. Together, these advanced neuroimaging techniques can contribute significantly to diagnosis and treatment planning for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sergio Becerra
- Neurology Management Associates, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John Duncan
- Neurology Management Associates, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Norman Spivak
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bianca Huan Dang
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Bystritsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sheldon E. Jordan
- Neurology Management Associates, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Duan J, Wei Y, Womer FY, Zhang X, Chang M, Zhu Y, Liu Z, Li C, Yin Z, Zhang R, Sun J, Wang P, Wang S, Jiang X, Wei S, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Wang F. Neurobiological substrates of major psychiatry disorders: transdiagnostic associations between white matter abnormalities, neuregulin 1 and clinical manifestation. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2021; 46:E506-E515. [PMID: 34467747 PMCID: PMC8526153 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.200166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder are increasingly being conceptualized as a transdiagnostic continuum. Disruption of white matter is a common alteration in these psychiatric disorders, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the disruption remain unclear. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is genetically linked with susceptibility to schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder, and it is also related to white matter. METHODS Using a transdiagnostic approach, we aimed to identify white matter differences associated with NRG1 and their relationship to transdiagnostic symptoms and cognitive function. We examined the white matter of 1051 participants (318 healthy controls and 733 patients with major psychiatric disorders: 254 with schizophrenia, 212 with bipolar disorder and 267 with major depressive disorder) who underwent diffusion tensor imaging. We measured the plasma NRG1-β1 levels of 331 participants. We also evaluated clinical symptoms and cognitive function. RESULTS In the patient group, abnormal white matter was negatively associated with NRG1-β1 levels in the genu of the corpus callosum, right uncinate fasciculus, bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, right external capsule, fornix, right optic tract, left straight gyrus white matter and left olfactory radiation. These NRG1-associated white matter abnormalities were also associated with depression and anxiety symptoms and executive function in patients with a major psychiatric disorder. Furthermore, across the 3 disorders we observed analogous alterations in white matter, NRG1-β1 levels and clinical manifestations. LIMITATIONS Medication status, the wide age range and our cross-sectional findings were limitations of this study. CONCLUSION This study is the first to provide evidence for an association between NRG1, white matter abnormalities, clinical symptoms and cognition in a transdiagnostic psychiatric cohort. These findings provide further support for an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the neuroimaging substrates of major psychiatric disorders and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Duan
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Yange Wei
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Fay Y Womer
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Miao Chang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Yue Zhu
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Zhuang Liu
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Chao Li
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Zhiyang Yin
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Ran Zhang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Jiaze Sun
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Pengshuo Wang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Shuai Wang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Shengnan Wei
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Yanqing Tang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
| | - Fei Wang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Duan, Zhu, Yin, R. Zhang, Sun, P. Wang, S. Wang, Tang, F. Wang); the Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China (Duan, Y. Wei, R. Zhang, F. Wang); the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO (Womer); the School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China (X. Zhang); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Chang, Li, Jiang, S.Wei); the School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China (Liu); the Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK (Y. Zhang)
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Injuries in Left Corticospinal Tracts, Forceps Major, and Left Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (Temporal) as the Quality Indicators for Major Depressive Disorder. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:2348072. [PMID: 34462632 PMCID: PMC8403055 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2348072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the etiology and pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD) are still not clear. Studies have found that the risk of first-degree relatives of MDD is 2-3 times that of the general population. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been previously used to explore the pathogenesis of MDD. The purpose of this study is to explore the etiology of MDD by DTI and further to explore the correlation between its clinical characteristics and the structural changes of white matter in the brain. The study included 27 first-episode, drug-naive patients with MDD, 16 first-degree relatives without MDD, and 28 healthy control subjects with no family history of MDD (HC). Results showed that the fractional anisotropy (FA) differences among the three groups were mainly in the left anterior thalamic radiation (LATR), right anterior thalamic radiation (RATR), left corticospinal tracts (LCST), forceps major (FMa), right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (RILF), and left superior longitudinal fasciculus (temporal) (LSLF(T)). Among the 6 sites, LCST, FMa, and LSLF(T) showed significant differences between MDD and First-degree relatives compared to HC. MDD patients had significant emotional symptoms, somatic symptoms, and cognitive impairment. FMa FA was significantly positively correlated with delayed memory score (r = 0.43, P = 0.031), and RILF FA was significantly negatively correlated with the FSS score (r = -0.42, P = 0.028). These results revealed that the white matter characteristics of MDD-susceptible patients were LCST, FMa, and LSLF(T) lesions, all of which may be quality indicators of MDD.
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40
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Tsai CJ, Lin HY, Tseng IWY, Gau SSF. White matter microstructural integrity correlates of emotion dysregulation in children with ADHD: A diffusion imaging tractography study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110325. [PMID: 33857524 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation (ED) is prevalent in youths with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and causes more social impairment and poor adaptive function. Alterations in the integrity of white matter (WM) tracts might have important implications for affective processing related to ED. However, little is known about the WM correlates underpinning ED in ADHD. METHODS Using diffusion spectrum image tractography, we obtained generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) values of 76 WM tracts in 77 children with ADHD and 105 typically developing controls (TDC). ED severity was defined by the dysregulation profile from the child behavior checklist. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed to identify modes that relate WM microstructural property to ED severity and cognitive measures. RESULTS The application of CCA identified one significant mode (r = 0.638, FWE-corrected p = 0.046) of interdependencies between WM property patterns and diagnosis, ADHD total symptom levels, dysregulation by diagnosis interaction, and full-scale intellectual quotient (FIQ). GFA values of 19 WM tracts that were linked to affective-processing, sensory-processing and integration, and cognitive control circuitry were positively correlated with ED severity in TDC but negatively correlated with ED severity in ADHD. ADHD symptom severity and diagnosis were negatively associated with the GFA patterns of this set of tract bundles. In contrast, FIQ was positively correlated with this set of tract bundles. CONCLUSIONS This study used the CCA to show that children with ADHD and TDC had distinct multivariate associations between ED severity (diagnosis by ED interaction) and microstructural property in a set of WM tracts. These tracts interconnect the cortical regions that are principally involved in emotion processing, integration, and cognitive control in multiple brain systems. The WM microstructure integrity impairment might be an essential correlate of emotion dysregulation in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jui Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Lin
- Azrieli Adult Neurodevelopmental Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isaac Wen-Yih Tseng
- Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences and Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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41
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Debenham J, Birrell L, Champion K, Lees B, Yücel M, Newton N. Neuropsychological and neurophysiological predictors and consequences of cannabis and illicit substance use during neurodevelopment: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2021; 5:589-604. [PMID: 33991473 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(21)00051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence and early adulthood are crucial periods of neurodevelopment characterised by functional, structural, and cognitive maturation, which helps prepare young people for adulthood. This systematic review of longitudinal studies aims to delineate neural predictors from neural consequences of cannabis and illicit substance use, as well as investigate the potential for the developing brain (at ages 10-25 years) to recover after damage. Five databases were searched to yield a total of 38 eligible studies, with some assessing multiple outcome techniques, including 22 neuroimaging, two neurophysiological, and 22 neuropsychological findings. High-quality evidence suggested that delayed or irregular neurodevelopment in executive functioning, particularly emotional perception, might predispose young people to higher frequency substance use. There was evidence of functional, structural, and cognitive deficits proceeding substance use, with harm potentially dependent on the frequency of use and recovery potentially dependent on the duration of use. Identifying aberrant neurodevelopment in young people is crucial for preventing substance use-related harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Debenham
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Louise Birrell
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrina Champion
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Briana Lees
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicola Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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42
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Elias GJB, Germann J, Boutet A, Pancholi A, Beyn ME, Bhatia K, Neudorfer C, Loh A, Rizvi SJ, Bhat V, Giacobbe P, Woodside DB, Kennedy SH, Lozano AM. Structuro-functional surrogates of response to subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for depression. Brain 2021; 145:362-377. [PMID: 34324658 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation (SCC-DBS) produces long-term clinical improvement in approximately half of patients with severe treatment-resistant depression (TRD). We hypothesized that both structural and functional brain attributes may be important in determining responsiveness to this therapy. In a TRD SCC-DBS cohort, we retrospectively examined baseline and longitudinal differences in MRI-derived brain volume (n = 65) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET glucose metabolism (n = 21) between responders and non-responders. Support-vector machines (SVMs) were subsequently trained to classify patients' response status based on extracted baseline imaging features. A machine learning model incorporating pre-operative frontopolar, precentral/frontal opercular, and orbitofrontal local volume values classified binary response status (12 months) with 83% accuracy (leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV): 80% accuracy) and explained 32% of the variance in continuous clinical improvement. It was also predictive in an out-of-sample SCC-DBS cohort (n = 21) with differing primary indications (bipolar disorder/anorexia nervosa) (76% accuracy). Adding pre-operative glucose metabolism information from rostral anterior cingulate cortex and temporal pole improved model performance, enabling it to predict response status in the TRD cohort with 86% accuracy (LOOCV: 81% accuracy) and explain 67% of clinical variance. Response-related patterns of metabolic and structural post-DBS change were also observed, especially in anterior cingulate cortex and neighbouring white matter. Areas where responders differed from non-responders - both at baseline and longitudinally - largely overlapped with depression-implicated white matter tracts, namely uncinate fasciculus, cingulum bundle, and forceps minor/rostrum of corpus callosum. The extent of patient-specific engagement of these same tracts (according to electrode location and stimulation parameters) also served as a predictor of TRD response status (72% accuracy; LOOCV: 70% accuracy) and augmented performance of the volume-based (88% accuracy; LOOCV: 82% accuracy) and combined volume/metabolism-based SVMs (100% accuracy; LOOCV: 94% accuracy). Taken together, these results indicate that responders and non-responders to SCC-DBS exhibit differences in brain volume and metabolism, both pre- and post-surgery. Baseline imaging features moreover predict response to treatment (particularly when combined with information about local tract engagement) and could inform future patient selection and other clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J B Elias
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Jürgen Germann
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Alexandre Boutet
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 0S8, Canada.,Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1W7, Canada
| | - Aditya Pancholi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Michelle E Beyn
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Kartik Bhatia
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1W7, Canada
| | - Clemens Neudorfer
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Aaron Loh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Sakina J Rizvi
- ASR Suicide and Depression Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, M5B 1M8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Venkat Bhat
- ASR Suicide and Depression Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, M5B 1M8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - D Blake Woodside
- ASR Suicide and Depression Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, M5B 1M8, Canada
| | - Sidney H Kennedy
- Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 0S8, Canada.,ASR Suicide and Depression Studies Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, M5B 1M8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 2S8, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 0S8, Canada
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43
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A short review on emotion processing: a lateralized network of neuronal networks. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:673-684. [PMID: 34216271 PMCID: PMC8844151 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Emotions are valenced mental responses and associated physiological reactions that occur spontaneously and automatically in response to internal or external stimuli, and can influence our behavior, and can themselves be modulated to a certain degree voluntarily or by external stimuli. They are subserved by large-scale integrated neuronal networks with epicenters in the amygdala and the hippocampus, and which overlap in the anterior cingulate cortex. Although emotion processing is accepted as being lateralized, the specific role of each hemisphere remains an issue of controversy, and two major hypotheses have been proposed. In the right-hemispheric dominance hypothesis, all emotions are thought to be processed in the right hemisphere, independent of their valence or of the emotional feeling being processed. In the valence lateralization hypothesis, the left is thought to be dominant for the processing of positively valenced stimuli, or of stimuli inducing approach behaviors, whereas negatively valenced stimuli, or stimuli inducing withdrawal behaviors, would be processed in the right hemisphere. More recent research points at the existence of multiple interrelated networks, each associated with the processing of a specific component of emotion generation, i.e., its generation, perception, and regulation. It has thus been proposed to move from hypotheses supporting an overall hemispheric specialization for emotion processing toward dynamic models incorporating multiple interrelated networks which do not necessarily share the same lateralization patterns.
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44
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Nolvi S, Tuulari JJ, Lavonius T, Scheinin NM, Lehtola SJ, Lavonius M, Merisaari H, Saunavaara J, Korja R, Kataja EL, Pelto J, Parkkola R, Karlsson L, Karlsson H. Newborn white matter microstructure moderates the association between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant negative reactivity. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 15:649-660. [PMID: 32577747 PMCID: PMC7393309 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal postpartum depression is a prominent risk factor for aberrant child socioemotional development, but there is little understanding about the neural phenotypes that underlie infant sensitivity to maternal depression. We examined whether newborn white matter fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of white matter maturity, moderates the association between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant negative reactivity at 6 months. Participants were 80 mother–infant dyads participating in a prospective population-based cohort, and included families whose newborns underwent a magnetic resonance/diffusion tensor imaging scan at 2–5 weeks of age and whose mothers reported their own depressive symptoms at 3 and 6 months postpartum and infant negative emotional reactivity at 6 months. The whole-brain FA moderated the association between maternal depressive symptoms and mother-reported infant negative reactivity at 6 months after adjusting for the covariates. Maternal depressive symptoms were positively related to infant negative reactivity among infants with high or average FA in the whole brain and in corpus callosum and cingulum, but not among those with low FA. The link between maternal depressive symptoms and infant negative reactivity was moderated by newborn FA. The variation in white matter microstructure might play a role in child susceptibility to parental distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tuomas Lavonius
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora M Scheinin
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu J Lehtola
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Lavonius
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Merisaari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Future Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jani Saunavaara
- Department of Medical Physics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eeva-Leena Kataja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juho Pelto
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Parkkola
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Radiology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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45
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Pineda JCD, Kokubun K, Ikaga T, Yamakawa Y. Housing quality and behavior affect brain health and anxiety in healthy Japanese adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11999. [PMID: 34099762 PMCID: PMC8184752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Countless studies in animals have shown how housing environments and behaviors can significantly affect anxiety and brain health, giving valuable insight as to whether this is applicable in the human context. The relationship between housing, behavior, brain health, and mental wellbeing in humans remains poorly understood. We therefore explored the interaction of housing quality, weekend/holiday sedentary behavior, brain structure, and anxiety in healthy Japanese adults. Whole-brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods based on gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy were used as markers for brain health. Correlation tests were conducted, and then adjusted for multiple comparisons using the False Discovery Rate method. Housing quality and weekend/holiday sedentary behavior were associated with fractional anisotropy, but not with gray matter volume. Fractional anisotropy showed significant associations with anxiety. Lastly, both weekend/holiday sedentary behavior and housing quality were indirectly associated with anxiety through fractional anisotropy. These results add to the limited evidence surrounding the relationship among housing, behavior, and the brain. Furthermore, these results show that behavior and housing qualities can have an indirect impact on anxiety through neurobiological markers such as fractional anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Toshiharu Ikaga
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamakawa
- Open Innovation Institute, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan), Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan.,Office for Academic and Industrial Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,Brain Impact General Incorporated Association, Kyoto, Japan
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Abstract
Objective: Previous studies have shown differences in the regional brain structure and function between patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy subjects, but little is known about the structural connectivity between BD patients and healthy subjects. In this study, we evaluated the disease-related changes in regional structural connectivity derived from gray matter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Methods: The subjects were 73 patients with BD and 80 healthy volunteers who underwent 3-Tesla MRI. Network metrics, such as the small world properties, were computed. We also performed rendering of the network metric images such as the degree, betweenness centrality, and clustering coefficient, on individual brain image. Then, we estimated the differences between them, and evaluate the relationships between the clinical symptoms and the network metrics in the patients with BD. Results: BD patients showed a lower clustering coefficient in the right parietal region and left occipital region, compared with healthy subjects. A weak negative correlation between Young mania rating scale and clustering coefficient was found in left anterior cingulate cortex. Conclusions: We found differences in gray matter structural connectivity between BD patients and healthy subjects by a similarity-based approach. These points may provide objective biological information as an adjunct to the clinical diagnosis of BD.
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47
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Harnett NG, Ference EW, Knight AJ, Knight DC. White matter microstructure varies with post-traumatic stress severity following medical trauma. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1012-1024. [PMID: 30519996 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9995-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus are important components of the neural network that mediates the healthy learning, expression, and regulation of emotion. These brain regions are connected by white matter pathways that include the cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus, and fornix/stria terminalis. Individuals with trauma and stress-related disorders show dysfunction of the cognitive-affective processes supported by the brain regions these white matter tracts connect. Therefore, variability in the microstructure of these white matter pathways may play an important role in the cognitive-affective dysfunction related to post-traumatic stress disorder. Thus, the current study used diffusion weighted imaging to assess the white matter microstructure of the cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus, and fornix/stria terminalis acutely (< 1 month) following trauma. Further, we assessed both acute (i.e., < 1 month) and subacute (i.e., 3 months post-trauma) post-traumatic stress symptom severity. White matter microstructure (assessed < 1 month post-trauma) of the uncinate fasciculus and fornix/stria terminalis varied with acute post-traumatic stress severity (assessed < 1 month post-trauma). Further, white matter microstructure (assessed < 1 month post-trauma) of the cingulum bundle and fornix/stria terminalis varied with subacute post-traumatic stress severity (assessed 3 months post-trauma). The current results suggest white matter architecture of the prefrontal cortex - amygdala network plays an important role in the development of trauma and stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel G Harnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CIRC 235H, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Edward W Ference
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1717 6th Avenue South, Suite 530, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Amy J Knight
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1717 6th Avenue South, Suite 530, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - David C Knight
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CIRC 235H, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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48
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Zheng H, Bergamino M, Ford BN, Kuplicki R, Yeh FC, Bodurka J, Burrows K, Hunt PW, Teague TK, Irwin MR, Yolken RH, Paulus MP, Savitz J. Replicable association between human cytomegalovirus infection and reduced white matter fractional anisotropy in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:928-938. [PMID: 33500556 PMCID: PMC8115597 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-00971-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with reductions in white matter microstructural integrity as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA), an index derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The neurotropic herpesvirus, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), is a major cause of white matter pathology in immunosuppressed populations but its relationship with FA has never been tested in MDD despite the presence of inflammation and weakened antiviral immunity in a subset of depressed patients. We tested the relationship between FA and HCMV infection in two independent samples consisting of 176 individuals with MDD and 44 healthy controls (HC) (Discovery sample) and 88 participants with MDD and 48 HCs (Replication sample). Equal numbers of HCMV positive (HCMV+) and HCMV negative (HCMV-) groups within each sample were balanced on ten different clinical/demographic variables using propensity score matching. Anti-HCMV IgG antibodies were measured using a solid-phase ELISA. In the Discovery sample, significantly lower FA was observed in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) in HCMV+ participants with MDD compared to HCMV- participants with MDD (cluster size 1316 mm3; pFWE < 0.05, d = -0.58). This association was confirmed in the replication sample by extracting the mean FA from this exact cluster and applying the identical statistical model (p < 0.05, d = -0.45). There was no significant effect of diagnosis or interaction between diagnosis and HCMV in either sample. The effect of chronic HCMV infection on white matter integrity may-in at-risk individuals-contribute to the psychopathology of depression. These findings may provide a novel target of intervention for a subgroup of patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zheng
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Maurizio Bergamino
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Division of Neuroimaging Research, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Bart N Ford
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Fang-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jerzy Bodurka
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | | | - Peter W Hunt
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - T Kent Teague
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robert H Yolken
- Stanley Division of Developmental Neurovirology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
- Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
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49
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Vanes LD, Dolan RJ. Transdiagnostic neuroimaging markers of psychiatric risk: A narrative review. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 30:102634. [PMID: 33780864 PMCID: PMC8022867 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We review the literature on neural correlates of a general psychopathology factor General psychopathology relates to structural and functional neurodevelopment Disrupted network connectivity maturation may underlie psychiatric vulnerability
Several decades of neuroimaging research in psychiatry have shed light on structural and functional neural abnormalities associated with individual psychiatric disorders. However, there is increasing evidence for substantial overlap in the patterns of neural dysfunction seen across disorders, suggesting that risk for psychiatric illness may be shared across diagnostic boundaries. Gaining insights on the existence of shared neural mechanisms which may transdiagnostically underlie psychopathology is important for psychiatric research in order to tease apart the unique and common aspects of different disorders, but also clinically, so as to help identify individuals early on who may be biologically vulnerable to psychiatric disorder in general. In this narrative review, we first evaluate recent studies investigating the functional and structural neural correlates of a general psychopathology factor, which is thought to reflect the shared variance across common mental health symptoms and therefore index psychiatric vulnerability. We then link insights from this research to existing meta-analytic evidence for shared patterns of neural dysfunction across categorical psychiatric disorders. We conclude by providing an integrative account of vulnerability to mental illness, whereby delayed or disrupted maturation of large-scale networks (particularly default-mode, executive, and sensorimotor networks), and more generally between-network connectivity, results in a compromised ability to integrate and switch between internally and externally focused tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy D Vanes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Raymond J Dolan
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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White matter microstructure and its relation to clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA OCD Working Group. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:173. [PMID: 33731673 PMCID: PMC7969744 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01276-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microstructural alterations in cortico-subcortical connections are thought to be present in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, prior studies have yielded inconsistent findings, perhaps because small sample sizes provided insufficient power to detect subtle abnormalities. Here we investigated microstructural white matter alterations and their relation to clinical features in the largest dataset of adult and pediatric OCD to date. We analyzed diffusion tensor imaging metrics from 700 adult patients and 645 adult controls, as well as 174 pediatric patients and 144 pediatric controls across 19 sites participating in the ENIGMA OCD Working Group, in a cross-sectional case-control magnetic resonance study. We extracted measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) as main outcome, and mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity as secondary outcomes for 25 white matter regions. We meta-analyzed patient-control group differences (Cohen's d) across sites, after adjusting for age and sex, and investigated associations with clinical characteristics. Adult OCD patients showed significant FA reduction in the sagittal stratum (d = -0.21, z = -3.21, p = 0.001) and posterior thalamic radiation (d = -0.26, z = -4.57, p < 0.0001). In the sagittal stratum, lower FA was associated with a younger age of onset (z = 2.71, p = 0.006), longer duration of illness (z = -2.086, p = 0.036), and a higher percentage of medicated patients in the cohorts studied (z = -1.98, p = 0.047). No significant association with symptom severity was found. Pediatric OCD patients did not show any detectable microstructural abnormalities compared to controls. Our findings of microstructural alterations in projection and association fibers to posterior brain regions in OCD are consistent with models emphasizing deficits in connectivity as an important feature of this disorder.
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