1
|
Healy DR, Kårlund A, Mikkonen S, Puhakka S, Karhunen L, Kolehmainen M. Associations of low levels of air pollution with cardiometabolic outcomes and the role of diet quality in individuals with obesity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117637. [PMID: 37993047 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse cardiometabolic health effects and increased mortality, even at low concentrations. Some of the biological mechanisms through which air pollution can affect cardiometabolic health overlap with health outcomes associated with diet quality and changes in diet. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate associations of air pollutants at average concentrations below the World Health Organization, 2021 air quality guidelines with cardiometabolic outcomes. Furthermore, potential interaction between air pollutants and diet quality will be assessed. METHODS 82 individuals with obesity participated in a combined weight loss and weight loss maintenance study for a total of 33 weeks. A secondary analysis was conducted incorporating air pollution measurements. Data were analysed with linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS A total of 17 significant associations were observed for single pollutants with 10 cardiometabolic outcomes, predominantly related to blood lipids, hormones, and glucose regulation. Diet quality, as measured by the Baltic Sea Diet score, did not appear to mediate the association of air pollution with cardiometabolic outcomes, however, diet quality was observed to significantly modify the association of PM2.5 with total cholesterol, and the associations of NO and O3 with ghrelin. DISCUSSION These findings suggest that exposure to ambient air pollutants, especially particulate matter, at levels below World Health Organization, 2021 air quality guidelines, were associated with changes in cardiometabolic risk factors. Diet may be a personal-level approach for individuals to modify the impact of exposure to air pollution on cardiometabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren R Healy
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anna Kårlund
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soile Puhakka
- Department of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland; Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., P. O. Box 365, 90100, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leila Karhunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dixit S, Borghi-Silva A, Gular K, Reddy RS, Kakaraparthi VN, Ribeiro IL, Tedla JS, Girish S. Exercise modulates the immune system in cardiorespiratory disease patients: Implications for clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heart Lung 2023; 57:161-172. [PMID: 36219921 PMCID: PMC9515346 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cardiorespiratory problems often suffer from systemic inflammation. Stress due to the disease and continuous inflammation can undermine the success of the rehabilitation program. OBJECTIVE This review has been undertaken primarily to understand the effectiveness of exercise training on the immune system in individuals undergoing cardiorespiratory rehabilitation and its implications for further management during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Assessors analyzed related studies identified in the MEDLINE, PROQUEST, PUBMED, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Physiotherapy Evidence, and Science Direct databases. The studies were divided into groups focused on the effect of exercise on blood leukocytes, the anti-inflammatory effect, and the role of nutrition and exercise in resolving inflammation. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies were included in this review. The number of studies included in each section was as follows: the effects of exercise training on leukocytes in cardiorespiratory conditions (n = 8), anti-inflammatory effect (n = 6), and the role of nutrition and exercise in resolving inflammation (n = 14). The bias risk assessment showed poor internal validity; most included studies were assigned no and unclear descriptors. CONCLUSIONS Substantive evidence is presented that emphasizes the role of moderate-intensity exercise in boosting the immune system in patients with cardiorespiratory diseases. Exercise has anti-inflammatory effects that are vital for overall well-being and resolving longstanding inflammation. Individuals with an active lifestyle had a better pathogen immune response than more sedentary individuals. Our findings highlight the current need to investigate the long-term effects of cardiorespiratory rehabilitation programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Snehil Dixit
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Kumar Gular
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravi Shankar Reddy
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivana Leão Ribeiro
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Jaya Shanker Tedla
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Srilatha Girish
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, UAE
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR. A Comprehensive Review on the Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Coronary Heart Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e29843. [PMID: 36337779 PMCID: PMC9626375 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Dietary modifications in the form of a vegetarian diet can perhaps be the key to the prevention and management of cardiovascular diseases. The aims of this review are to determine the association between a vegetarian diet and CHD, to compare the risk of CHD in different types of vegetarian diets, and to assess variability in the biochemical predictors of CHD in the various vegetarian diets. Our study inferred that adherence to a plant-based diet was inversely related to the incidence of heart failure risk. Our research further supports the idea that a vegetarian diet is advantageous for the secondary prevention of CHD since it alters lipid profiles, lowers body mass index (BMI), and increases plasma antioxidant micronutrient concentrations. Additionally, eating a plant-based diet starting in adolescence is linked to a decreased risk of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) by middle age. An increase in sensitization and education efforts is imperative to ensure that people are appropriately informed about this option to significantly improve their quality of life.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
5
|
Garutti M, Nevola G, Mazzeo R, Cucciniello L, Totaro F, Bertuzzi CA, Caccialanza R, Pedrazzoli P, Puglisi F. The Impact of Cereal Grain Composition on the Health and Disease Outcomes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:888974. [PMID: 35711559 PMCID: PMC9196906 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.888974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole grains are a pivotal food category for the human diet and represent an invaluable source of carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, phytocompunds, minerals, and vitamins. Many studies have shown that the consumption of whole grains is linked to a reduced risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes and other chronic diseases. However, several of their positive health effects seem to disappear when grains are consumed in the refined form. Herein we review the available literature on whole grains with a focus on molecular composition and health benefits on many chronic diseases with the aim to offer an updated and pragmatic reference for physicians and nutrition professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Garutti
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nevola
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzeo
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Linda Cucciniello
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabiana Totaro
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlos Alejandro Bertuzzi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Caccialanza
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kooshki A, Sovizi B, Mahmoudi R, Ghezi S, Foroumandi E. The association between food groups and preeclampsia: a case-control study. Hypertens Pregnancy 2022; 41:64-69. [PMID: 35139742 DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2022.2033260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of current study was to investigate the correlation between preeclampsia and food groups among pregnant women. METHODS This case-control study was done on pregnant women with a diagnosis of preeclampsia in Sabzevar. The control group was included non-infected postpartum women. RESULTS Intake of vegetables (OR = 0.952, CI: 0.724-0.985, p < 0.001), fruits (OR = 0.901, CI: 0.852-0.990, p = 0.012), nuts and legumes (OR = 0.712, CI: 0.531-0.848, p = 0.009), and sugars and sweets (OR = 1.254, CI: 1.112-1.497, p < 0.001) were related to the odds of preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS Women with preeclampsia had lower intake of vegetables, fruits, milk and products, and also fluids. Intake of sugars and sweets compared with the intake of vegetables, fruits, nuts, and legumes was associated with increasing odds of preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Kooshki
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Non- Communicable Diseases Research Center, sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Behnaz Sovizi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty Member of Medicine School, sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Rahil Mahmoudi
- Department of Community of Medicine, Faculty Member of Medicine School, sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Ghezi
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Elaheh Foroumandi
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Catov JM, Sun B, Lewis CE, Bertolet M, Gunderson EP. Prepregnancy weight change associated with high gestational weight gain. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:524-534. [PMID: 35080338 PMCID: PMC9996907 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational weight gain (GWG) above recommendations is a risk factor for adverse maternal, perinatal, and long-term outcomes. This study hypothesized that prepregnancy weight gain may portend excess GWG. METHODS Among 1,126 women (51% of whom were of Black race) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study with post-baseline births, the prepregnancy annual rate of BMI change per woman was estimated (slope; 5 years before pregnancy) and was related to the risk of GWG above Institute of Medicine recommendations using mixed-effects models (binary) and GWG z score (continuous), adjusting for confounders, and stratified by prepregnancy overweight/obesity status. RESULTS A total of 626 women (56%) had excess GWG. Each standard deviation increase in prepregnancy BMI (0.16 kg/m2 per year) was associated with an 18% increased risk of excess GWG (95% CI: 1.13-1.23), adjusted for covariates. Stratified results showed an association for women without overweight or obesity (adjusted relative risk = 1.71 [95% CI: 1.38-2.13]) but not among those with overweight or obesity (adjusted relative risk = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.91-1.05]). When evaluated as a z score, prepregnancy weight gain was associated with higher GWG among women with and without overweight or obesity (mean = 0.24 [0.10] and 0.28 [0.12] z score, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Weight gain before pregnancy is associated with higher GWG during pregnancy. Assessment of prepregnancy weight changes may identify those at risk for high GWG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, Magee-Women's Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cora E Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Marnie Bertolet
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhou J, Xu L, Xu K, Wang N, Fu C, Liu T. Associations of Dietary Patterns and Risk of Hypertension in Southwest China: A Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312378. [PMID: 34886102 PMCID: PMC8656527 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Empirical data on the association between diet and incident hypertension in Southwest China is lacking. We examined the associations between various dietary patterns and the risk of incident hypertension in this prospective population cohort of Southwest China. A total of 5442 eligible adults were included from Guizhou Province, China, since 2010. Dietary information was obtained using face-to-face interviews with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were characterized using factor analysis. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated for the associations between various dietary patterns and incident hypertension risk using a Cox proportional hazard model. Until 2020, a total of 1177 new hypertension cases were identified during an average follow-up of 6.97 years. In the multivariable-adjusted analysis, a low intake of the junk food pattern was significantly associated with the reducing risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.772, 95% CI: 0.671, 0.887) and a high intake of the vegetable-grain pattern statistically lowered the risk of incident hypertension (HR: 0.774, 95% CI: 0.669, 0.894) compared with the medium intake of such patterns. Higher adherence to the vegetable-grain pattern and lower adherence to the junk food pattern significantly lowered the hypertension incidence among the population in Southwest China. Those findings suggested healthy diet guidelines should be developed for the prevention of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Zhang
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Yanhuan Wang
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (K.X.); (N.W.)
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (K.X.); (N.W.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Lina Xu
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.X.)
| | - Kelin Xu
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (K.X.); (N.W.)
| | - Na Wang
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (K.X.); (N.W.)
| | - Chaowei Fu
- School of Public Health & Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety & NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.W.); (Y.C.); (K.X.); (N.W.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (T.L.)
| | - Tao Liu
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550004, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.X.)
- Correspondence: (C.F.); (T.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohammadi Z, Abdollahzad H, Rezaeian S, Sabzi F, Tafteh N. The Association of Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity with Inflammatory Biomarkers and Anthropometric Indices in Patients Who Candidate for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a Cross-sectional Study. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:353-363. [PMID: 34796139 PMCID: PMC8575643 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.4.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant compounds can attenuate inflammation and delay degenerative processes especially in the cardiovascular system. This study aimed to determine the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC) and serum biomarkers in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. In this cross-sectional study, 146 patients who had referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah were recruited and demographic, anthropometric, physical activity and dietary data were collected. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum levels of lipid profile, inflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-17, intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules [ICAM, VCAM]), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were also measured. A regression model adjusted for confounding variables presented that the coefficients of ICAM and VCAM (ng/dL) in the third tertile of DTAC were lower than those in the first tertile (β = -417.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -509.9 to -324.5, p < 0.001; β = -293.2, 95% CI = -334.3, -252.1, p < 0.001, respectively). The β of serum TAC (ng/dL) in the third tertile was 0.86 (95% CI = 0.77, 0.95, p < 0.001) higher than that in the first tertile. DTAC had no statistically significant relationship with lipid profile, FBG, and IL-17 levels, and anthropometric indices. In this study DTAC was associated with increased serum TAC and decreased cell adhesion molecules. Therefore, diet antioxidants may be beneficial in attenuating of inflammation in coronary artery diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| | - Hadi Abdollahzad
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| | - Shahab Rezaeian
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| | - Feridoun Sabzi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| | - Nazanin Tafteh
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6719851351, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Buckland G, Taylor CM, Emmett PM, Johnson L, Northstone K. Prospective association between a Mediterranean-style dietary score in childhood and cardiometabolic risk in young adults from the ALSPAC birth cohort. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:737-752. [PMID: 34532761 PMCID: PMC8854247 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prospective association between a children's relative Mediterranean-style diet score (C-rMED) in childhood and a Cardiometabolic Risk (CMR) score in adolescence/young adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). METHODS A C-rMED was calculated at 7, 10 and 13 years from diet diary data. Anthropometric and biochemical data at 17 (N = 1940) and 24 years (N = 1961) were used to calculate CMR scores (sum of sex-specific log-transformed z-scores from triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, mean arterial blood pressure, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fat mass index (FMI)). Adjusted logistic regression models examined associations between C-rMED (categorical and 2-unit increments) and a high CMR score (≥ 80th percentile) and individual CMR components (≥ 80th percentile). RESULTS A high C-rMED at 13 was associated with a 32% (OR 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94)) decreased adjusted odds of having a high CMR score at 24 years, compared to participants with a low C-rMED. No associations were evident at other ages. Tracking of the C-rMED across the three ages showed a stronger negative association between C-rMED and CMR at 24 years when children had at least two high C-rMED scores from 7 to 13 years (adjusted OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.85), compared to all low scores. FMI and HOMA-IR were the main CMR components contributing to this association. CONCLUSION Higher Mediterranean-style diet scores in early adolescence were associated with a better CMR profile in young adults (24 year olds). This underscores the importance of establishing healthy eating habits early in life for future cardiometabolic health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Buckland
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Caroline M Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pauline M Emmett
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Johnson
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gunderson EP, Sun B, Catov JM, Carnethon M, Lewis CE, Allen NB, Sidney S, Wellons M, Rana JS, Hou L, Carr JJ. Gestational Diabetes History and Glucose Tolerance After Pregnancy Associated With Coronary Artery Calcium in Women During Midlife: The CARDIA Study. Circulation 2021; 143:974-987. [PMID: 33517667 PMCID: PMC7940578 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes (GD) leads to earlier onset and heightened risk of type 2 diabetes, a strong risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unclear whether attaining normoglycemia can ameliorate the excess CVD risk associated with GD history. This study sought to evaluate GD history and glucose tolerance after pregnancy associated with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in women, a manifestation of atherosclerotic CVD and a predictor of CVD clinical events. METHODS Data were obtained from the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults), a US multicenter, community-based prospective cohort of young Black (50%) and White adults aged 18 to 30 years at baseline (1985-1986). The sample included 1133 women without diabetes at baseline, who had ≥1 singleton births (n=2066) during follow-up, glucose tolerance testing at baseline and up to 5 times during 25 years (1986-2011), GD status, and CAC measurements obtained from 1 or more follow up examinations at years 15, 20, and 25 (2001-2011). CAC was measured by noncontrast cardiac computed tomography; dichotomized as Any CAC (score>0) or No CAC (score=0). Complementary log-log models for interval-censored data estimated adjusted hazard ratios of CAC and 95% confidence intervals for GD history and subsequent glucose tolerance groups (normoglycemia, prediabetes, or incident diabetes) on average 14.7 years after the last birth adjusted for prepregnancy and follow-up covariates. RESULTS Of 1133 women, 139 (12.3%) reported GD and were 47.6 years of age (4.8 SD) at follow-up. CAC was present in 25% (34/139) of women with GD and 15% (149/994) of women with no GD. In comparison with no GD/normoglycemia, adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 1.54 (1.06-2.24) for no GD/prediabetes and 2.17 (1.30-3.62) for no GD/incident diabetes, and 2.34 (1.34-4.09), 2.13 (1.09-4.17), and 2.02 (0.98-4.19) for GD/normoglycemia, GD/prediabetes, and GD/incident diabetes, respectively (overall P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Women without previous GD showed a graded increase in the risk of CAC associated with worsening glucose tolerance. Women with a history of GD had a 2-fold higher risk of CAC across all subsequent levels of glucose tolerance. Midlife atherosclerotic CVD risk among women with previous GD is not diminished by attaining normoglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica P. Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Departments of OB/GYN and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Janet M. Catov
- Departments of OB/GYN and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Cora E. Lewis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Norrina B. Allen
- Department of Epidemiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | | | - Jamal S. Rana
- Division of Research and the Department of Cardiology, Kaiser Permanente Northern, California, Oakland, CA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Catov JM, Sun B, Bertolet M, Snyder GG, Lewis CE, Allen NB, Shikany JM, Ingram KH, Appiah D, Gunderson EP. Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Before and After Gestational Diabetes: A Prospective Life-Course Analysis in CARDIA Women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1397-1404. [PMID: 32627948 PMCID: PMC7501158 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study hypothesized that both preconception and postchildbearing patterns of cardiometabolic risk factors may be different for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) compared with women without GDM. METHODS Among 1,302 (51% black) women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study with births and followed for 30 years, this study evaluated changes in cardiometabolic factors (BMI, waist circumference [WC], lipids, blood pressure) during prechildbearing (prior to the first postbaseline birth) and postchildbearing periods (after the last birth) by GDM status using piecewise linear mixed models adjusted for sociodemographics, parity, and time-varying covariates. RESULTS Compared with women who did not develop GDM, weight and WC increases in women who developed GDM (n = 152, 12%) were faster (BMI difference: +0.12 kg/m2 /y, P = 0.04; WC difference: +0.28 cm/y, P = 0.04) during the prechildbearing period, accounting for covariates. This translated to an average of 1.3 kg of excess weight gain across 4 years among women with subsequent GDM versus non-GDM births. In contrast, slopes after childbearing did not differ by GDM status, nor were there other cardiometabolic differences. CONCLUSIONS Women with GDM exhibited an increasing prepregnancy pattern of weight gain and central adiposity. Absolute postchildbearing weight was also higher in GDM-affected women, but the slope of gain after GDM was not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janet M. Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Graduate School of Public Health; Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Baiyang Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marnie Bertolet
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gabrielle G. Snyder
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Norrina B. Allen
- Department of Preventative Medicine and Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James M. Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine; Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Katherine H. Ingram
- Kennesaw State University, Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Duke Appiah
- Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX
| | - Erica P. Gunderson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Conditions Section, Oakland, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns and the risk of chronic disease: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:1133-1144. [PMID: 32600500 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to fully review the association of empirical dietary patterns with the risk of non-communicable chronic diseases and to rate the quality of the evidence. Published meta-analyses of observational studies investigating the association of empirically derived dietary patterns with the risk of chronic diseases were identified by searching PubMed and Scopus till September 2019. Two independent reviewers extracted the information and rated the quality of the evidence by NutriGrade score. For each meta-analysis, cross-sectional and case–control studies were excluded and then summary relative risk was recalculated by using a random-effects model. Sixteen meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, reporting eighteen SRR for healthy dietary patterns and sixteen SRR for unhealthy patterns obtained from 116 primary prospective cohort studies with 4·8 million participants, were included. There was moderate quality of evidence for the inverse association of healthy dietary patterns with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), fracture and colorectal and breast cancers. There was also low-quality evidence for the inverse relation between healthy dietary patterns and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, depression, CHD and respiratory diseases. There was moderate quality of evidence for a positive association between unhealthy dietary patterns and the risk of T2D, fracture and the metabolic syndrome. Adopting a healthy dietary pattern may reduce the risk of T2D, CHD and premature death. More research is needed for outcomes for which the quality of the evidence was rated low, such as respiratory disease, mental illness and site-specific cancers.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shammi FA, Shuvo SD, Josy MSK. Dietary Patterns and Their Association with CVD Risk Factors among Bangladeshi Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:358-366. [PMID: 32559131 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1780996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and CVD risk factors among adults. METHODS Demographic data, knowledge, attitude, practices toward CVD related data, dietary data, and some biochemical data were collected from 250 participants at Coronary Care Unit of Jashore 250 bedded Sadar Hospital in Jashore district. A multinomial logit regression method was used to examine the association between LDL and TG levels with the dietary diversity of CVD risk patients. RESULTS According to the BMI, most of the respondents were overweight. The respondent's practice level was poor than their knowledge and attitude level toward CVD. A positive correlation was found among the respondents' knowledge, attitude, and practice. Most of the CVD patient's troponin value and BP level were found higher than the acceptable limit. Along with their lipid profile level was not good. Most of them were in borderline risk condition of CVD and some had high risk. The patients who consumed a higher amount of red meat, egg, cheese, fast food, soft drinks, and salty snacks had more probability of increasing LDL and TG level in blood which was the major risk factors of CVD than the patients who consumed fish, chicken, pulse, nuts, fruits, and vegetables in their diet regularly. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the consumption of fatty foods, fast foods, and soft drinks leads to the probability of increasing LDL and TG levels in CVD risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Aktar Shammi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Suvasish Das Shuvo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahariea Karim Josy
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hirahatake KM, Jacobs DR, Shikany JM, Jiang L, Wong ND, Odegaard AO. Cumulative average dietary pattern scores in young adulthood and risk of incident type 2 diabetes: the CARDIA study. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2233-2244. [PMID: 31478081 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-04989-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The evidence for the role of contemporary dietary patterns, trends and predominant aspects of energy intake in a typical American diet and in type 2 diabetes risk is limited. Therefore, we examined the association between dietary pattern scores created to reflect the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) Scientific Report, a Palaeolithic (Palaeo) diet, a diet high in 'empty calories', and the A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS) (cohort reference) and type 2 diabetes risk over time. METHODS We carried out a prospective analysis of 4719 young adult black and white men and women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study with repeated dietary histories collected at study years 0, 7 and 20. Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, we examined the association between time-dependent cumulative average dietary pattern scores and incident type 2 diabetes. RESULTS During the 30 year follow-up period, 680 (14.4%) incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred. There was no association between the 2015 DGA, Palaeo or empty calorie scores and type 2 diabetes risk in the overall population. Participants in the fourth quartile of the APDQS, reflecting a more healthful dietary pattern, had a 45% lower risk of type 2 diabetes compared with those in the lowest quartile (HR 0.55 [95% CI 0.41, 0.74]). In stratified analyses there was an inverse association for the 2015 DGA in non-smokers per SD (HR 0.86 [95% CI 0.74, 0.99]) and an inverse association for the empty calorie score in white women (HR 0.76 [95% CI 0.60, 0.96]) as well as in a subgroup analysis of the Palaeo index of participants who maintained a high score over 20 years (per SD, HR 0.59 [95% CI 0.39, 0.88]). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Higher levels of the APDQS, which largely aligns with the 2015 DGA, were strongly inversely associated with 30 year type 2 diabetes risk in the CARDIA cohort; the results from the other patterns were nuanced and need to be considered in the context of the study and potential biases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Hirahatake
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-7550, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Luohua Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-7550, USA
| | - Nathan D Wong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-7550, USA
| | - Andrew O Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-7550, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shen Y, Hou L, Liu H, Wang L, Leng J, Li W, Hu G. Racial differences of incident diabetes postpartum in women with a history of gestational diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:107472. [PMID: 31653558 PMCID: PMC6886703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.107472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of the present study was to investigate the race-specific association between a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and incidence of type 2 diabetes and evaluate how the risk changed over different years after delivery. METHODS We performed two large cohorts - the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort and the Tianjin GDM Observational Study. The multivariate cox regression model was used to assess the risk of incident postpartum diabetes between women with and without prior GDM. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 13.8 years, 405 women developed type 2 diabetes. After adjustment for multiple confounding factors, Chinese women with GDM had a higher risk of incident diabetes within 5 years postpartum than African Americans with GDM compared with Chinese and African Americans without GDM (Hazard ratio 71.5 in Chinese vs. 9.29 in African Americans). When the risk of incident diabetes was analyzed within 10 years, white women with GDM seemed to have a higher hazard ratio than African American and Chinese women with GDM compared with non-GDM women of different races. In comparison to African American women without GDM, the highest risk of type 2 diabetes over 10 years postpartum appeared in Chinese women with GDM, followed by African American women with GDM, and the smallest risk was seen in white women with GDM. CONCLUSIONS Different genetic backgrounds and other risk factors among women of different races might contribute to the racial differences in the incidence of diabetes postpartum among women with GDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Hou
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huikun Liu
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Leishen Wang
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Junhong Leng
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiqin Li
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nier A, Brandt A, Rajcic D, Bruns T, Bergheim I. Short-Term Isocaloric Intake of a Fructose- but not Glucose-Rich Diet Affects Bacterial Endotoxin Concentrations and Markers of Metabolic Health in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1800868. [PMID: 30570214 PMCID: PMC6590154 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary pattern and impairments of intestinal barrier function are discussed to be critical in the development of metabolic impairments. Here, it is determined if an isocaloric exchange of complex carbohydrates with monosaccharides affects markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic health in healthy subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS After a dietary standardization for 4 days, all 12 subjects aged 21-33 years receive an isocaloric fructose- and glucose-enriched diet for 3 days separated by a wash-out phase. Anthropometry, blood pressure, markers of intestinal permeability and metabolic as well as inflammatory parameters are determined in blood samples or isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at baseline, after standardizations and the monosaccharide interventions, respectively. While anthropometric and inflammatory parameters are not changed, the intake of an isocaloric fructose- but not glucose-enriched diet is associated with a significant increase of bacterial endotoxin plasma levels and alanine aminotransferase activity in serum, while total plasma nitrate/nitrite concentrations are significantly decreased. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Toll like receptors 4, 2, and MYD88 mRNA expressions are significantly induced after the fructose-rich but not the glucose-rich diet. CONCLUSION In metabolically healthy subjects, even a short-term intake of a fructose-rich diet can elevate bacterial endotoxin levels and change markers of liver health and vascular endothelial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Nier
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Annette Brandt
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Dragana Rajcic
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
| | - Tony Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine IVUniversity Hospital Jena07743JenaGermany
| | - Ina Bergheim
- Department of Nutritional SciencesMolecular Nutritional ScienceUniversity of Vienna1090ViennaAustria
- SD Model Systems of Molecular NutritionInstitute of NutritionFriedrich–Schiller University Jena07743JenaGermany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ajmera VH, Terrault NA, VanWagner LB, Sarkar M, Lewis CE, Carr JJ, Gunderson EP. Longer lactation duration is associated with decreased prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women. J Hepatol 2019; 70:126-132. [PMID: 30392752 PMCID: PMC6599460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Lactation lowers blood glucose and triglycerides, and increases insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a longer duration of lactation would be associated with lower prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. METHODS Participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults cohort study who delivered ≥ 1 child post-baseline (Y0: 1985-1986), and underwent CT quantification of hepatic steatosis 25 years following cohort entry (Y25: 2010-2011) were included (n = 844). The duration of lactation was summed for all post-baseline births, and NAFLD at Y25 was assessed by central review of CT images and defined by liver attenuation ≤ 40 Hounsfield Units after exclusion of other causes of hepatic steatosis. Unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed using an a priori set of confounding variables; age, race, education, and baseline body mass index. RESULTS Of 844 women who delivered after baseline (48% black, 52% white, mean age 49 years at Y25 exam), 32% reported lactation duration of 0 to 1 month, 25% reported >1 to 6 months, 43% reported more than 6 months, while 54 (6%) had NAFLD. Longer lactation duration was inversely associated with NAFLD in unadjusted logistic regression. For women who reported >6 months lactation compared to those reporting 0-1 month, the odds ratio for NAFLD was 0.48 (95% CI 0.25-0.94; p = 0.03) and the association remained after adjustment for confounders (adjusted odds ratio 0.46; 95% CI 0.22-0.97; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS A longer duration of lactation, particularly greater than 6 months, is associated with lower odds of NAFLD in mid-life and may represent a modifiable risk factor for NAFLD. LAY SUMMARY A longer duration of breastfeeding has been associated with multiple potential health benefits for the mother including reduction in heart disease, diabetes and certain cancers. In this study we found that breastfeeding for longer than 6 months was associated with a lower risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mid-life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veeral H. Ajmera
- Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States,Corresponding author. Address: Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0887, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States. Tel.: +1-858-246-2181; fax: +1-888-386-3919. (V.H. Ajmera)
| | - Norah A. Terrault
- Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lisa B. VanWagner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, and Departpment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Monika Sarkar
- Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John J. Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Erica P. Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123988. [PMID: 30544955 PMCID: PMC6320919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries, representing almost 30% of all deaths worldwide. Evidence shows the effectiveness of healthy dietary patterns and lifestyles for the prevention of CVD. Furthermore, the rising incidence of CVD over the last 25 years has become a public health priority, especially the prevention of CVD (or cardiovascular events) through lifestyle interventions. Current scientific evidence shows that Western dietary patterns compared to healthier dietary patterns, such as the ‘Mediterranean diet’ (MeDiet), leads to an excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines associated with a reduced synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In fact, dietary intervention allows better combination of multiple foods and nutrients. Therefore, a healthy dietary pattern shows a greater magnitude of beneficial effects than the potential effects of a single nutrient supplementation. This review aims to identify potential targets (food patterns, single foods, or individual nutrients) for preventing CVD and quantifies the magnitude of the beneficial effects observed. On the other hand, we analyze the possible mechanisms implicated in this cardioprotective effect.
Collapse
|
20
|
Vinke PC, Corpeleijn E, Dekker LH, Jacobs DR, Navis G, Kromhout D. Development of the food-based Lifelines Diet Score (LLDS) and its application in 129,369 Lifelines participants. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1111-1119. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0205-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
21
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of mortality, being responsible for 46% of non-communicable disease deaths. It has been estimated that about 85.6 million Americans are living with some form of CVD, which continues to rise. Healthy lifestyle choices may reduce the risk of myocardial infarction by >80%, with nutrition playing a key role. Vegetarian dietary patterns reduce CVD mortality and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) by 40%. Plant-based diets are the only dietary pattern to have shown reversal of CHD. Additionally, evidence suggests benefits of vegetarian dietary patterns in both the prevention and the treatment of heart failure and cerebrovascular disease. Plant-based diets are associated with lower blood pressure, lower blood lipids, and reduced platelet aggregation than non-vegetarian diets and are beneficial in weight management, reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. They have also been shown an effective treatment method in diabetes management. Well planned vegetarian diets provide benefits in preventing and reversing atherosclerosis and in decreasing CVD risk factors and should be promoted through dietary guidelines and recommendations.
Collapse
|
22
|
Gunderson EP, Lewis CE, Lin Y, Sorel M, Gross M, Sidney S, Jacobs DR, Shikany JM, Quesenberry CP. Lactation Duration and Progression to Diabetes in Women Across the Childbearing Years: The 30-Year CARDIA Study. JAMA Intern Med 2018; 178:328-337. [PMID: 29340577 PMCID: PMC5885916 DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.7978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Lactation duration has shown weak protective associations with incident diabetes (3%-15% lower incidence per year of lactation) in older women based solely on self-report of diabetes, studies initiated beyond the reproductive period are vulnerable to unmeasured confounding or reverse causation from antecedent biochemical risk status, perinatal outcomes, and behaviors across the childbearing years. Objective To evaluate the association between lactation and progression to diabetes using biochemical testing both before and after pregnancy and accounting for prepregnancy cardiometabolic measures, gestational diabetes (GD), and lifestyle behaviors. Design, Setting, and Participants For this US multicenter, community-based 30-year prospective cohort study, there were 1238 women from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study of young black and white women ages 18 to 30 years without diabetes at baseline (1985-1986) who had 1 or more live births after baseline, reported lactation duration, and were screened for diabetes up to 7 times during 30 years after baseline (1986-2016). Exposures Time-dependent lactation duration categories (none, >0 to 6 months, >6 to <12 months, and ≥12 months) across all births since baseline through 30 years. Main Outcomes and Measures Diabetes incidence rates per 1000 person-years and adjusted relative hazards (RH) with corresponding 95% CIs, as well as proportional hazards regression models adjusted for biochemical, sociodemographic, and reproductive risk factors, as well as family history of diabetes, lifestyle, and weight change during follow-up. Results Overall 1238 women were included in this analysis (mean [SD] age, 24.2 [3.7] years; 615 black women). There were 182 incident diabetes cases during 27 598 person-years for an overall incidence rate of 6.6 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 5.6-7.6); and rates for women with GD and without GD were 18.0 (95% CI, 13.3-22.8) and 5.1 (95% CI, 4.2-6.0), respectively (P for difference < .001). Lactation duration showed a strong, graded inverse association with diabetes incidence: adjusted RH for more than 0 to 6 months, 0.75 (95% CI, 0.51-1.09); more than 6 months to less than 12 months, 0.52 (95% CI, 0.31-0.87), and 12 months or more 0.53 (0.29-0.98) vs none (0 days) (P for trend = .01). There was no evidence of effect modification by race, GD, or parity. Conclusions and Relevance This study provides longitudinal biochemical evidence that lactation duration is independently associated with lower incidence of diabetes. Further investigation is required to elucidate mechanisms that may explain this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cora E. Lewis
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Ying Lin
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Mike Sorel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Myron Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - James M. Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Song S, Kim J, Kim J. Gender Differences in the Association between Dietary Pattern and the Incidence of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10020252. [PMID: 29473892 PMCID: PMC5852828 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined gender differences in the association between dietary patterns and the risk of hypertension, using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study data. A total of 5090 participants (2457 men and 2633 women) aged 40–69 years without hypertension at baseline were selected. Dietary patterns were obtained using factor analysis based on 26 food groups, evaluated by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or the use of antihypertensive medication using the biennial measurements. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between dietary patterns and hypertension. Four dietary patterns were extracted: coffee, fat, and sweets; prudent; whole grains and legumes; and traditional (men)/Western (women). Women in the highest tertile of the whole grains and legumes pattern scores showed a lower risk of incident hypertension compared with those in the lowest tertile (hazard ratio = 0.77, 95% confidence interval = 0.59–1.00, p-trend = 0.048). Other dietary patterns were not associated with hypertension in either men or women. A diet rich in whole grains and legumes is inversely associated with the risk of hypertension in Korean women, suggesting a gender difference in the association between diet and hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SuJin Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ford ND, Jaacks LM, Martorell R, Mehta NK, Perrine CG, Ramirez-Zea M, Stein AD. Dietary Patterns and Cardio-metabolic Risk in a Population of Guatemalan Young Adults. BMC Nutr 2017; 3. [PMID: 29892467 PMCID: PMC5993443 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Latin America is facing an increasing burden of nutrition-related non-communicable disease. Little is known about dietary patterns in Guatemalan adults and how dietary patterns are associated with cardio-metabolic disease (CMD) risk. Methods This analysis is based on data from a 2002–04 follow-up study of the INCAP Nutrition Supplementation Trial Longitudinal Cohort. Diet data were collected using a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We derived dietary patterns using principal components analysis. CMD risk was assessed by anthropometry (body mass index, waist circumference), biochemistry (fasting blood glucose and lipids), and clinical (blood pressure) measures. We used sex-stratified multivariable log binomial models to test associations between dietary pattern tertile and CMD risk factors. The sample included 1428 participants (681 men and 747 women) ages 25–43 years. Results We derived three dietary patterns (traditional, meat-based modern, and starch-based modern), collectively explaining 24.2% of variance in the diet. Dietary patterns were not associated with most CMD risk factors; however, higher starch-based modern tertiles were associated with increased prevalence of low highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) in men (Prevalence Ratio (PR) 1.17, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.01, 1.20 for tertile 2; PR 1.20, 95% CI 1.00, 1.44 for tertile 3; p trend 0.04). Higher traditional tertiles were associated with increased prevalence of abdominal obesity in women (PR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07, 1.43 for tertile 2; PR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02, 1.39 for tertile 3; p trend 0.02) but marginally significant reduced prevalence of low HDL-c in men (PR 0.88, 95% CI 0.76, 1.00 for tertile 2; PR 0.85, 95% CI 0.72, 1.00 for tertile 3; p trend 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggest the presence of two ‘modern' dietary patterns in Guatemala – one of which was associated with increased prevalence of low HDL-c in men. The association between the traditional dietary pattern and some CMD risk factors may vary by sex. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40795-017-0188-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Ford
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lindsay M Jaacks
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reynaldo Martorell
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Neil K Mehta
- Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cria G Perrine
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yoon CY, Steffen LM, Gross MD, Launer LJ, Odegaard A, Reiner A, Sanchez O, Yaffe K, Sidney S, Jacobs DR. Circulating Cellular Adhesion Molecules and Cognitive Function: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:37. [PMID: 28596958 PMCID: PMC5442165 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Higher circulating concentrations of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) can be used as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Given that the brain is highly vascularized, we assessed whether endothelial function is associated with cognitive performance. METHOD Within the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study, excluding N = 54 with stroke before year 25, we studied CAMs among N = 2,690 black and white men and women in CARDIA year 7 (1992-1993, ages 25-37) and N = 2,848 in CARDIA year 15 (2000-2001, ages 33-45). We included subjects with levels of circulating soluble CAMs measured in year 7 or 15 and cognitive function testing in year 25 (2010-2011, ages 43-55). Using multiple regression analysis, we evaluated the association between CAMs and year 25 cognitive test scores: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT, memory), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST, speed of processing), and the Stroop Test (executive function). RESULT All CAM concentrations were greater in year 15 vs. year 7. Adjusting for age, race, sex, education, smoking, alcohol, diet, physical activity, participants in the fourth vs. the first quartile of CARDIA year 7 of circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) scored worse on RAVLT, DSST, and Stroop Test (p ≤ 0.05) in CARDIA year 25. Other CAMs showed little association with cognitive test scores. Findings were similar for ICAM-1 assessed at year 15. Adjustment for possibly mediating physical factors attenuated the findings. CONCLUSION Higher circulating ICAM-1 at average ages 32 and 40 was associated with lower cognitive skills at average age 50. The study is consistent with the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction is associated with worse short-term memory, speed of processing, and executive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Yursun Yoon
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lyn M. Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Myron D. Gross
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Otto Sanchez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Oakland, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Heath, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Developing a digital photography-based method for dietary analysis in self-serve dining settings. Appetite 2017; 114:217-225. [PMID: 28377047 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Current population-based methods for assessing dietary intake, including food frequency questionnaires, food diaries, and 24-h dietary recall, are limited in their ability to objectively measure food intake. Digital photography has been identified as a promising addition to these techniques but has rarely been assessed in self-serve settings. We utilized digital photography to examine university students' food choices and consumption in a self-serve dining hall setting. Research assistants took pre- and post-photos of students' plates during lunch and dinner to assess selection (presence), servings, and consumption of MyPlate food groups. Four coders rated the same set of approximately 180 meals for inter-rater reliability analyses; approximately 50 additional meals were coded twice by each coder to assess intra-rater agreement. Inter-rater agreement on the selection, servings, and consumption of food groups was high at 93.5%; intra-rater agreement was similarly high with an average of 95.6% agreement. Coders achieved the highest rates of agreement in assessing if a food group was present on the plate (95-99% inter-rater agreement, depending on food group) and estimating the servings of food selected (81-98% inter-rater agreement). Estimating consumption, particularly for items such as beans and cheese that were often in mixed dishes, was more challenging (77-94% inter-rater agreement). Results suggest that the digital photography method presented is feasible for large studies in real-world environments and can provide an objective measure of food selection, servings, and consumption with a high degree of agreement between coders; however, to make accurate claims about the state of dietary intake in all-you-can-eat, self-serve settings, researchers will need to account for the possibility of diners taking multiple trips through the serving line.
Collapse
|
27
|
van Bussel BCT, Henry RMA, Schalkwijk CG, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Feskens EJM, Stehouwer CDA. Alcohol and red wine consumption, but not fruit, vegetables, fish or dairy products, are associated with less endothelial dysfunction and less low-grade inflammation: the Hoorn Study. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1409-1419. [PMID: 28349255 PMCID: PMC5959974 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
Endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation are key phenomena in the pathobiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Their dietary modification might explain the observed reduction in CVD that has been associated with a healthy diet rich in fruit, vegetables and fish, low in dairy products and with moderate alcohol and red wine consumption. We investigated the associations between the above food groups and endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in a population-based cohort of Dutch elderly individuals. Methods Diet was measured by food frequency questionnaire (n = 801; women = 399; age 68.5 ± 7.2 years). Endothelial dysfunction was determined (1) by combining von Willebrand factor, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, endothelial selectin and thrombomodulin, using Z-scores, into a biomarker score and (2) by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), and low-grade inflammation by combining C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, tumour necrosis factor α and sICAM-1 into a biomarker score, with smaller FMD and higher scores representing more dysfunction and inflammation, respectively. We used linear regression analyses to adjust associations for sex, age, energy, glucose metabolism, body mass index, smoking, prior CVD, educational level, physical activity and each of the other food groups. Results Moderate [β (95% CI) −0.13 (−0.33; 0.07)] and high [−0.22 (−0.45; −0.003)] alcohol consumption, and red wine [−0.16 (−0.30; −0.01)] consumption, but none of the other food groups, were associated with a lower endothelial dysfunction biomarker score and a greater FMD. The associations for FMD were, however, not statistically significant. Only red wine consumption was associated with a lower low-grade inflammation biomarker score [−0.18 (−0.33; −0.04)]. Conclusions Alcohol and red wine consumption may favourably influence processes involved in atherothrombosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1420-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B C T van Bussel
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,School of Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), MUMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R M A Henry
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), MUMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C G Schalkwijk
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), MUMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J M Dekker
- The EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research (EMGO), Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Nijpels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of General Practice, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E J M Feskens
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - C D A Stehouwer
- Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre + (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,School of Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), MUMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Top Institute Food and Nutrition (TIFN), Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), MUMC+, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Prof. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, HX, 6229, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Valls RM, Farràs M, Pedret A, Fernández-Castillejo S, Catalán Ú, Romeu M, Giralt M, Sáez GT, Fitó M, de la Torre R, Covas MI, Motilva MJ, Solà R, Rubió L. Virgin olive oil enriched with its own phenolic compounds or complemented with thyme improves endothelial function: The potential role of plasmatic fat-soluble vitamins. A double blind, randomized, controlled, cross-over clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
29
|
Kirwan JP, Malin SK, Scelsi AR, Kullman EL, Navaneethan SD, Pagadala MR, Haus JM, Filion J, Godin JP, Kochhar S, Ross AB. A Whole-Grain Diet Reduces Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2016; 146:2244-2251. [PMID: 27798329 PMCID: PMC5086786 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.230508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased dietary whole-grain intake may protect against cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the efficacy of whole grains compared with refined grains on body composition, hypertension, and related mediators of CVD in overweight and obese adults. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover trial in 40 overweight or obese men and women aged <50 y with no known history of CVD. Complete whole-grain and refined-grain diets were provided for two 8-wk periods, with a 10-wk washout between diets. Macronutrient composition was matched, except for the inclusion of either whole grains or refined grains (50 g/1000 kcal in each diet). Measurements included blood pressure, body composition, blood lipids and adiponectin, and markers of inflammation and glycemia. RESULTS Thirty-three participants (6 men and 27 women) completed the trial [mean ± SD age: 39 ± 7 y; mean ± SD body mass index (in kg/m2): 33.1 ± 4.3]. Decreases in diastolic blood pressure were -5.8 mm Hg (95% CI: -7.7, -4.0 mm Hg) after the whole-grain diet and -1.6 mm Hg (95% CI: -4.4, 1.3 mm Hg) after the control diet (between effect, P = 0.01). Decreases in plasma adiponectin were -0.1 (95% CI: -0.9, 0.7) after the whole-grain diet and -1.4 (95% CI: -2.6, -0.3) after the control diet (between effect, P = 0.05). Decreases in diastolic blood pressure correlated with the circulating adiponectin concentration (r = 0.35, P = 0.04). Substantial reductions in body weight, fat loss, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol were observed during both diet periods, with no relevant difference between them. CONCLUSIONS The improvement in diastolic blood pressure was >3-fold greater in overweight and obese adults when they consumed a whole-grain compared with a refined-grain diet. Because diastolic blood pressure predicts mortality in adults aged <50 y, increased whole-grain intake may provide a functional approach to control hypertension. This may benefit patients at risk of vascular-related morbidity and mortality. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01411540.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Kirwan
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute,
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | | | - Sankar D Navaneethan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, and
| | - Mangesh R Pagadala
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jacob M Haus
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Godin
- Analytical Sciences Department, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Sunil Kochhar
- Analytical Sciences Department, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Alastair B Ross
- Analytical Sciences Department, Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenberg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hu T, Jacobs DR, Larson NI, Cutler GJ, Laska MN, Neumark-Sztainer D. Higher Diet Quality in Adolescence and Dietary Improvements Are Related to Less Weight Gain During the Transition From Adolescence to Adulthood. J Pediatr 2016; 178:188-193.e3. [PMID: 27640354 PMCID: PMC5085861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the previously validated A Priori Diet Quality Score (APDQS), and weight change among adolescents transitioning into young adulthood. STUDY DESIGN Young people were recruited in middle/high schools and followed for 10 years. Participants reported diet and weight in 1999 (mean age, 15 years), 2004 (20 years), and 2009 (25 years). The analytic sample (n = 2656) had dietary intake assessments in 1999 and at least one other assessment. The APDQS (without alcoholic items) was based on 13 beneficial food groups, 12 adverse food groups, and 9 neutral food groups to capture aspects of Mediterranean/prudent diets, focusing on foods that are varied, based on nutritionally rich plants, and less processed. RESULTS From mean age 15 to 25 years, mean (SD) weight increased from 61.0 (14.7) kg to 76.1 (18.8) kg, and APDQS increased from 43.1 (11.1) points to 45.6 (10.7) points. Within-person tracking correlation of the APDQS was 0.35 at mean age 15-20 years, increasing to 0.49 at 20-25 years. Independent of lifestyle factors and energy intake, a 15-point (IQR) higher APDQS in 1999 was associated with 1.5 kg (95% CI, 0.7-2.3 kg) less weight gain over 10 years, The increase in APDQS over time was similarly associated with less concurrent weight gain. Findings were stronger for models of excess weight gain. CONCLUSION Higher diet quality, based on an assessment of dietary patterns in and after adolescence, was associated with reduced weight gain during the next 10 years. Establishment of high-quality dietary patterns in adolescence may help mitigate excess weight gain by young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hu
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN.
| | - Nicole I Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Gretchen J Cutler
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Melissa N Laska
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fung TT, Pan A, Hou T, Mozaffarian D, Rexrode KM, Willett WC, Hu FB. Food quality score and the risk of coronary artery disease: a prospective analysis in 3 cohorts. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 104:65-72. [PMID: 27281310 PMCID: PMC4919530 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.130393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there are few diet quality assessment tools that are predictive of coronary artery disease (CAD) risk that do not require nutrient analysis and substantial time to administer in clinical settings. OBJECTIVE To inform the development of such a tool, we prospectively examined the association between a food-based diet quality score and risk of CAD in 3 separate large US cohort studies. DESIGN Between 1984 and 2012, 71,415 women (aged 43-63 y in 1984), 42,945 men (aged 40-75 y in 1986), and 93,131 younger women (aged 27-44 y in 1991) without a history of cardiovascular disease were followed up to 28 y. Diet was assessed ≤7 times by using repeated food-frequency questionnaires. We computed the Food Quality Score (FQS) for each individual based on food groups previously associated with less weight gain. A higher score represented a healthier diet. The FQS and CAD association was modeled with the Cox proportional hazard model, controlling for potential confounders. We also compared the magnitude of association with CAD for the FQS and other diet quality scores. RESULTS We ascertained 6817 incident total CAD events, with 4588 cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction and 2131 fatal CAD events. Comparing top to bottom deciles, pooled RRs of the FQS were 0.61 (95% CI: 0.54, 0.69; P-trend < 0.001) for total CAD. These associations were independent of established cardiovascular disease risk factors including body weight, physical activity, and smoking. The magnitude of the RR for 1 SD of the FQS and CAD was generally similar to established diet scores that require detailed nutrient analysis, including the Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension score, and the alternate Mediterranean diet score. CONCLUSION A higher food-based diet quality score was associated with lower risk of CAD and was comparable with established diet scores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA; Departments of Nutrition and
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Hou
- Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA; and
| | | | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liao B, Chen K, Xiong W, Chen R, Mai A, Xu Z, Dong S. Relationship of SELE A561C and G98T Variants With the Susceptibility to CAD. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e1255. [PMID: 26937892 PMCID: PMC4778985 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Published genetic association studies have produced controversial results regarding the association of SELE gene polymorphisms (A516C and G98T) and CAD susceptibility. We therefore chose to perform a meta-analysis to determine the association.Twenty-seven eligible articles were identified through electronic databases, providing 5170 CAD cases and 4996 controls. Fixed-effects or random-effects summary ORs were calculated to estimate the risk of CAD in relation to A516C and G98T. Forest plots and funnel plots were constructed by Stata software 12.0.A strong association was observed between A516C and susceptibility of CAD among 4757 cases and 4272 controls. The summary OR was greatest in individuals carrying the CC genotype (OR = 1.91, 95% CI, 1.12-3.25). A significantly increased risk was indicated in both Caucasians and Asians. The analyses by disease type showed a significant increase in the risk of AP and MI. We also noted a strong association in population-based studies. In the analyses of G98T, data were available for 1422 cases and 1625 controls. We saw a markedly increased risk of CAD associated with G98T. The highest risk was indicated in individuals with the TT genotype (OR = 2.82, 95% CI, 1.15-6.89). A similar trend was seen in Asians and population-based studies.These findings provide consistent evidence that A516C and G98T polymorphisms of the SELE gene may be associated with increased susceptibility of CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bihong Liao
- From the Department of Cardiology (BL, KC, WX, RC, AM, SD); and Department of Gastroenterology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China (ZX)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Given scientific and public debate about optimal diet to prevent cardiovascular disease, and interest in diet and other chronic diseases, we propose that following a few simple dietary principles would reduce chronic disease incidence. RECENT FINDINGS Nutrition research has been criticized for focusing on individual nutrients and foods, treated like drug therapy. With a few important exceptions, clinical trials of supplemental nutrients have not shown benefit. Although highly specific nutrition information is elusive, diet patterns have provided consistent answers, important for public health. Observational cohort studies have found that some dietary patterns are reported with high reliability over long periods and predict future cardiovascular and other inflammatory-related diseases. Two randomized clinical trials confirmed this finding. There are many common features of Mediterranean and prudent diets, particularly the plant-centered aspect, coupled with variety of foods eaten. A dietary pattern characterized by high fruit, vegetable, legume, whole grain, nut, berry, seed, and fish intakes, and possibly by intakes of dairy, coffee, tea, chocolate, and alcohol (not in excess), but low meat and detrimentally processed foods is associated with reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease and rates of noncardiovascular, noncancer chronic inflammatory-related mortality. SUMMARY A plant-centered diet may be broadly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Jacobs
- aDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA bSchool of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Appannah G, Pot GK, Huang RC, Oddy WH, Beilin LJ, Mori TA, Jebb SA, Ambrosini GL. Identification of a dietary pattern associated with greater cardiometabolic risk in adolescence. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 25:643-650. [PMID: 26026208 PMCID: PMC4510146 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Energy dense, high fat, low fibre diets may contribute to obesity in young people, however their relationships with other cardiometabolic risk factors are unclear. We examined associations between an 'energy-dense, high-fat and low-fibre' dietary pattern (DP) and cardiometabolic risk factors, and the tracking of this DP in adolescence. METHODS AND RESULTS Data was sourced from participants in the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort Study. At 14 and 17 y, dietary intake, anthropometric and biochemical data were measured and z-scores for an 'energy dense, high fat and low fibre' DP were estimated using reduced rank regression (RRR). Associations between DP z-scores and cardiometabolic risk factors were examined using regression models. Tracking of DP z-scores was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A 1 SD unit increase in DP z-score between 14 and 17 y was associated with a 20% greater odds of high metabolic risk (95% CI: 1.01, 1.41) and a 0.04 mmol/L higher fasting glucose in boys (95% CI: 0.01, 0.08); a 28% greater odds of a high-waist circumference (95% CI: 1.00, 1.63) in girls. An increase of 3% and 4% was observed for insulin and HOMA (95% CI: 1%, 7%), respectively, in boys and girls, for every 1 SD increase in DP z-score and independently of BMI. The DP showed moderate tracking between 14 and 17 y of age (r = 0.51 for boys, r = 0.45 for girls). CONCLUSION An 'energy dense, high fat, low fibre' DP is positively associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and tends to persist throughout adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Appannah
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia; Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - G K Pot
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R C Huang
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - W H Oddy
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - L J Beilin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - T A Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - S A Jebb
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - G L Ambrosini
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
van Bussel BCT, Henry RMA, Ferreira I, van Greevenbroek MMJ, van der Kallen CJH, Twisk JWR, Feskens EJM, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA. A healthy diet is associated with less endothelial dysfunction and less low-grade inflammation over a 7-year period in adults at risk of cardiovascular disease. J Nutr 2015; 145:532-40. [PMID: 25733469 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.201236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy diet rich in fish, fruit, and vegetables, but moderate in alcohol and low in dairy products and meat, has been associated with a lower rate of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). The underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation play important roles in CVD. A healthy diet might modify these phenomena. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations between the above food groups and overall biomarker scores of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation in a 7-y longitudinal study. METHODS Using longitudinal data from 557 participants at increased CVD risk from the CODAM (Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht) Study, we assessed diet intake by food-frequency questionnaire and measured plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction [von Willebrand factor, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble endothelial selectin, soluble thrombomodulin, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1)] and low-grade inflammation [C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α, and sICAM-1]. At baseline, participants were aged 59.6 ± 6.9 y. Measurements were performed then and after 7 y. Biomarkers were combined into overall scores (sum of z scores; higher scores indicating worse function). Longitudinal data were analyzed with generalized estimating equations and adjusted for sex, age, glucose metabolism, energy intake, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking. RESULTS Higher consumption of fish (per 100 g/wk), but not total consumption of vegetables, fruit, alcohol-containing beverages, dairy products, or meat, was associated with a lower overall endothelial dysfunction score over 7 y (β: -0.027; 95% CI: -0.051, -0.004). No associations were observed with the overall low-grade inflammation score. Further food component analyses indicated that consumption of more lean fish (per 100 g/wk) and raw vegetables (per 100 g/d), and fewer high-fat dairy products (per 100 g/d) was associated with less endothelial dysfunction [(β: -0.038; 95% CI: -0.072, -0.005), (β: -0.095; 95% CI: -0.191, 0.000), and (β: -0.070; 95% CI: -0.131, -0.009), respectively]. Consumption of more fresh fruit (per 100 g/d), wine (per 100 mL/wk), and poultry (per 100 g/d), and fewer high-fat dairy products (per 100 g/d) was associated with less low-grade inflammation [(β: -0.074; 95% CI: -0.133, -0.015), (β:-0.006; 95% CI: -0.013, 0.001), (β:-0.247; 95% CI: -0.479, -0.014), and (β:-0.100; 95% CI: -0.182, -0.019), respectively]. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the dietary modification of endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation, processes that are important in atherothrombosis, is possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bas C T van Bussel
- Department of Medicine School for Nutrition, Toxicology, and Metabolism Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M A Henry
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht School for Public Health and Primary Care, and Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jos W R Twisk
- The Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhu N, Jacobs DR, Meyer KA, He K, Launer L, Reis JP, Yaffe K, Sidney S, Whitmer RA, Steffen LM. Cognitive function in a middle aged cohort is related to higher quality dietary pattern 5 and 25 years earlier: the CARDIA study. J Nutr Health Aging 2015; 19:33-8. [PMID: 25560814 PMCID: PMC5466430 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-014-0491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preserving cognitive function is an important public health issue. We investigated whether dietary pattern associates with cognitive function in middle-age. METHODS We studied 2435 participants in the community-based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study of black and white men and women aged 18-30 in 1985-86 (year 0, Y0). We hypothesized that a higher A Priori Diet Quality Score, measured at Y0 and Y20, is associated with better cognitive function measured at Y25. The diet score incorporated 46 food groups (each in servings/day) as the sum of quintile ranks of food groups rated beneficial, 0 for food groups rated neutral, and reversed quintile ranks for food groups rated adverse; higher score indicated better diet quality. Y25 cognitive testing included verbal memory (Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)), psychomotor speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST)) and executive function (Stroop). RESULTS Per 10-unit higher diet score at Y20, the RAVLT was 0.32 words recalled higher, the DSST was 1.76 digits higher, and the Stroop was 1.00 seconds+errors lower (better performance) after adjusting for race, sex, age, clinic, and energy intake. Further adjustment for physical activity, smoking, education, and body mass index attenuated the association slightly. Diet score at Y0 and increase in diet score over 20 years were also positively associated with each cognitive test. CONCLUSIONS A higher quality dietary pattern was associated with better cognitive function 5 years and even 25 years later in apparently healthy middle-aged adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Zhu
- David R. Jacobs, 1300 South 2nd Street, Ste 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454, Phone: 612-624-4196, Fax: 612-624-0315,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Barak F, Falahi E, Keshteli AH, Yazdannik A, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A. Red meat intake, insulin resistance, and markers of endothelial function among Iranian women. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 59:315-22. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Barak
- Food Security Research Center; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Ebrahim Falahi
- Department of Nutrition; School of Health and Nutrition; Lorestan University of Medical Sciences; Khorramabad Iran
| | | | - Ahmadreza Yazdannik
- Department of Critical Care Nursing; School of Nursing and Midwifery; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Food Security Research Center; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Food Security Research Center; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; Isfahan Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Schoenaker DAJM, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Mishra GD. The association between dietary factors and gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Med 2014; 12:157. [PMID: 25241701 PMCID: PMC4192458 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-014-0157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary factors have been suggested to play a role in the prevention of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), including gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, but inconsistent findings have been reported. A systematic review and meta-analyses were performed to synthesize evidence from observational studies of reproductive-aged women on the association between dietary factors and HDP. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify studies published until the end of May 2014. Studies were included if they were observational studies of reproductive-age women and reported results on dietary factors (energy, nutrients, foods or overall dietary patterns, alone or in combination with dietary supplements) and gestational hypertension and/or pre-eclampsia. Studies were excluded if they reported on supplements not in combination with dietary intake, or examined a biomarker of dietary intake. Random effects meta-analyses were performed on calculated weighted mean differences (WMD) of dietary intake between cases and non-cases, and effect estimates were pooled. RESULTS In total, 23 cohort and 15 case-control studies were identified for systematic review, of which 16 could be included in the meta-analyses. Based on meta-analyses of cohort studies, unadjusted energy intake was higher for pre-eclampsia cases (WMD 46 kcal/day, 95% confidence interval (CI) -13.80 to 106.23; I 2 = 23.9%, P = 0.26), although this was not statistically significant. Unadjusted intakes of magnesium (WMD 8 mg/day, 95% CI -13.99 to -1.38; I 2 = 0.0%, P = 0.41) and calcium (WMD 44 mg/day, 95% CI -84.31 to -3.62, I 2 = 51.1%, P = 0.03) were lower for the HDP cases, compared with pregnant women without HDP. Higher calcium intake consistently showed lower odds for HDP after adjustment for confounding factors (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.01, I 2 = 0.0%, P = 0.79). A few studies examining foods and dietary patterns suggested a beneficial effect of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables on pre-eclampsia, although not all the results were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Based on a limited number of studies, higher total energy and lower magnesium and calcium intake measured during pregnancy were identified as related to HDP. Further prospective studies are required to provide an evidence base for development of preventive health strategies, particularly focusing on dietary factors during pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gita D Mishra
- />School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|