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Saito MK, de Oliveira BK, Macedo AP, Sorrentino Dos Santos C, Lopes RT, Yamanaka JS, Shimano AC. Cafeteria Diet Can Affect Bone Microarchitecture in Sedentary and Trained Male Rats. J Clin Densitom 2024; 27:101467. [PMID: 38306807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2024.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor eating habits and a sedentary lifestyle can impair health. Regular physical activity improves the quality of life and is essential for bone health. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the cafeteria diet on bone quality of sedentary and exercised rats. METHODS Sixty young male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=10) according to diet composition and activity level, being: SD+CON, standard diet and control; SD+SED, standard diet and sedentary; SD+EX, standard diet and exercised; CD+CON, cafeteria diet and control; CD+SED, cafeteria diet and sedentary; CD+EX, cafeteria diet and exercised. The exercise protocol consisted of 10 ladder-climbing sessions/day, 5 days/week, and the sedentary rats were maintained in individual cages with limited mobility. Body mass and food intake were evaluated weekly. After 10 weeks, the animals were euthanized, and white adipose tissue was collected. The bone structure was evaluated by densitometry, mechanical tests, histomorphometric, and micro-computed tomography analyses. RESULTS The cafeteria diet increased adipose tissue (p<0.001), decreased bone mineral density (p=0.004), and impaired biomechanical properties (p<0.05) and histomorphometry parameters (p=0.044). The sedentarism decreased bone mineral density (p<0.001) and biomechanical properties (p<0.05), and the exercise did not improve bone properties. CONCLUSION In this experimental model, it was concluded that the cafeteria diet and a sedentary lifestyle negatively affect bone, and ladder-climbing exercise could not prevent the effects of the unhealthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Koiti Saito
- Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz Kawano de Oliveira
- Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Macedo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Nuclear Instrumentation Laboratory, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Suzuki Yamanaka
- Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Shimano
- Department of Orthopedics and Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Lapa Neto CJC, de Melo IMF, Alpiovezza PKBM, de Albuquerque YML, Francisco Soares A, Teixeira ÁAC, Wanderley-Teixeira V. Melatonin associated with a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation prevents liver changes in the offspring. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 343:114357. [PMID: 37586542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we set out to determine whether melatonin combined with a high-fat diet during pregnancy and lactation can prevent liver disorders in offspring. Forty rats were divided into four groups: DC - pregnant rats submitted to the standard diet; DC + Mel - pregnant rats submitted to the standard diet combined with melatonin; HFD - pregnant rats submitted to a high-fat diet; HFD + Mel - pregnant rats submitted to a high-fat diet combined with melatonin. Morphophysiological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Melatonin (5 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. The HFD group offspring showed an increase in AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and glucose levels, and a reduction in HDL and lipase levels. In the liver obseved steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, increased lobular parenchyma and reduced non-lobular parenchyma, beside reduced liver glycogen and fibrosis. These changes were not observed in the HFD + Mel group. In conclusion, melatonin combined with a high-fat diet preserves the liver architecture and function in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis J C Lapa Neto
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ismaela M F de Melo
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paloma K B M Alpiovezza
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Yuri M L de Albuquerque
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anísio Francisco Soares
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Álvaro A C Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira
- Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Perinatal and post-weaning exposure to a high-fat diet causes histomorphometric, neuroplastic, and histopathological changes in the rat ileum. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:231-241. [PMID: 36073012 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174422000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to a diet with a high saturated fat content can influence the characteristics of the gastrointestinal tract, causing losses in the absorption of nutrients and favoring the appearance of diseases. The objective was to assess the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) in the perinatal (pregnancy and lactation) and post-weaning period on the histomorphometry, neuroplasticity, and histopathology of the ileum. Wistar rats were divided into four subgroups: Control/Control (CC, n = 10) rats fed a control diet (C) throughout the trial period; Control/HFD (CH, n = 9) rats fed diet C (perinatal) and HFD after weaning; HFD/Control (HC, n = 10) rats fed HFD (perinatal) and diet C (post-weaning); HFD/HFD (HH, n = 9) rats fed HFD throughout the experimental period. There was atrophy of the Ileum wall with a reduction in the muscular tunic, submucosa, and mucosa thickness in the HH group of 37%, 28%, and 46%, respectively (p < 0.0001). The depth of the crypts decreased by 29% (p < 0.0001) and height increased by 5% (p < 0.0013). Villus height decreased by 41% and 18% in HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001) and width decreased by 11% in the HH (p < 0.0001). The height of the enterocytes decreased by 18% in the HH (p < 0.0001). There was a decrease in the area of the myenteric and submucosal plexus ganglia in the HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001). The number, occupation, and granules of Paneth cells increased in the HH and HC groups (p < 0.0001). Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) increased in all groups exposed to the HFD. Goblet cells decreased in groups CH and HH (p < 0.0001). The evidence from this study suggests that the HFD had altered the histomorphometry, neuroplasticity, and histopathology of the ileum of the rats.
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Tsareva IA, Ivanova GT, Lobov GI. Early Functional Changes in Rat Arteries and Microcirculatory Vessels while Modeling Metabolic Syndrome. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022050179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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da Silva Pérez EM, de Alencar NMN, de Figueiredo IST, Aragão KS, Gaban SVF. Effect of safflower oil ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) supplementation in the abdominal adipose tissues and body weight of male Wistar rats undergoing exercise training. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100083. [PMID: 35415687 PMCID: PMC8991724 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of safflower oil supplementation on the metabolic parameters, body weight, and abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) while undergoing exercise training. The rats were assigned to four groups: standard diet and sedentary (SDS), high-fat diet and sedentary (HFDS), high-fat diet and training (HFDT), and high-fat diet, training, and safflower oil (HFDTSO) groups. HFD significantly increased the abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats. The safflower oil had no effect on the body weight and levels of blood glucose, TG, and TC, but it significantly reduced abdominal adiposity in male Wistar rats fed with an HFD while undergoing exercise training. Safflower oil supplementation reduced the abdominal fat in rats undergoing swimming training.
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Key Words
- Abdominal adiposity
- Body weight
- HFD, High-fat diet
- HFDS, High-fat diet and sedentary
- HFDT, High-fat diet and training
- HFDTSO, High-fat diet, training and safflower oil
- L, lard-based diet
- LA, Linoleic acid
- LDL, Low-density lipoprotein
- MUFAs, Monounsaturated fatty acids
- Obesity
- PUFAs, Polyunsaturated fatty acids
- S, safflower-linseed oil-based diet
- SD, Standard diet
- SDS, Standard diet and sedentary
- Safflower oil
- TC, Total cholesterol
- TG, Triglycerides
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de Souza ILL, Barros BC, Ferreira EDS, Queiroga FR, Vasconcelos LHC, Toscano LDLT, Silva AS, da Silva PM, Cavalcante FDA, da Silva BA. Supplementation with Spirulina platensis Prevents Damage to Rat Erections in a Model of Erectile Dysfunction Promoted by Hypercaloric Diet-Induced Obesity. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080467. [PMID: 35892935 PMCID: PMC9332348 DOI: 10.3390/md20080467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to achieve and/or maintain a penile erection sufficient for sexual satisfaction. Currently, many patients do not respond to the pharmacotherapy. The effects of a supplementation with Spirulina platensis, were evaluated in a model of ED induced by hypercaloric diet consumption. Wistar rats were divided into groups fed with standard diet (SD) or hypercaloric diet (HD) and supplemented with this alga at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg. Experimental adiposity parameters and erectile function were analyzed. In SD groups, Spirulina platensis reduced food intake, final body mass and adiposity index, and increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of adipose tissue. However, no change was observed in erectile function. In the HD group, without Spirulina supplementation, a decrease in food intake was observed, in addition to an increase of final body mass, weight gain, adipose reserves, and adiposity index. Additionally, reduction in the number and increase in the latency of penile erection and adipose malondialdehyde levels, as well as a reduction in TCA was noted. Furthermore, cavernous contractility was increased, and the relaxing response was decreased. Interestingly, these deleterious effects were prevented by the algae at doses of 25, 50 and/or 100 mg/kg. Therefore, the supplementation with S. platensis prevents damages associated to a hypercaloric diet consumption and emerges as an adjuvant the prevention of ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara Leão Luna de Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Roraima, Boa Vista 69306-530, RR, Brazil
- Curso de Farmácia, Centro Universitário Estácio da Amazônia, Boa Vista 69306-530, RR, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-98741-9057
| | - Bárbara Cavalcanti Barros
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
| | - Elba dos Santos Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
| | - Fernando Ramos Queiroga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
| | - Luiz Henrique César Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Lydiane de Lima Tavares Toscano
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.d.L.T.T.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Alexandre Sérgio Silva
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (L.d.L.T.T.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Patrícia Mirella da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil;
| | - Fabiana de Andrade Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (B.C.B.); (E.d.S.F.); (F.R.Q.); (L.H.C.V.); (F.d.A.C.); (B.A.d.S.)
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
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Kinin B1 receptor deficiency protects mice fed by cafeteria diet from abnormal glucose homeostasis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267845. [PMID: 35617279 PMCID: PMC9135186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein–kinin system has been implicated in body weight and glucose homeostasis. Their major effectors act by binding to the kinin B2 and B1 receptors. It was assessed the role of the kinin B1 receptor in weight and glucose homeostasis in B1 receptor knockout mice (B1RKO) subjected to a cafeteria diet (CAF). Wild-type (WT) and B1RKO male mice (C57BL/6 background; 8 weeks old) were fed a standard diet (SD) or CAF for 14 weeks, ad libitum, and four groups were formed: WT-SD; B1RKO-SD; WT-CAF; B1RKO-CAF. Body weight and food intake were assessed weekly. It was performed glucose tolerance (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT), and HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and HOMA-β* 1/HOMA-IR were calculated. Islets from WT and B1RKO were isolated in order to measure the insulin secretion. Western blot was used to assess the hepatic AKT phosphorylation and qPCR to assess gene expression. CAF induced a higher body mass gain in B1RKO compared to WT mice. CAF diet increased epididymal fat depot mass, hepatic fat infiltration and hepatic AKT phosphorylation in both genotypes. However, B1RKO mice presented lower glycemic response during GTT when fed with CAF, and a lower glucose decrease in the ITT. This higher resistance was overcomed with higher insulin secretion when stimulated by high glucose, resulting in higher glucose uptake in the GTT when submitted to CAF, despite lower insulin sensitivity. Islets from B1RKO delivered 4 times more insulin in 3-month-old mice than islets from WT. The higher insulin disposition index and high insulin delivery of B1RKO can explain the decreased glucose excursion during GTT. In conclusion, CAF increased the β-cell function in B1RKO mice, compensated by the diet-induced insulin resistance and resulting in a healthier glycemic response despite the higher weight gain.
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Synergistic Hypolipidemic and Immunomodulatory Activity of Lactobacillus and Spirulina platensis. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to investigate hypolipidemic effects of Lactobacillus, Spirulina and their combination on Swiss albino mice fed a regular or high-cholesterol diet. Rosuvastatin was used as a reference drug The highest body weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL-C and the lowest high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were recorded in a positive control group (G5). Treatment with Lactobacillus or Spirulina or by their combination resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, TC, TG, LDL-C and significant increase in HDL-C (p < 0.05) in both mice fed a regular diet or high-cholesterol diet. The treatments induced a significant increase in Hb, MCHC and HCT levels in mice fed a regular diet (p < 0.05). They did not induce a significant effect on these parameters in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, while treatment with standard rosuvastatin induced a significant decrease in these parameters (p < 0.05). The treatments induced a significant increase in the platelet count and WBC number in mice fed a regular diet p < 0.05), while they induced significant decrease in these parameters in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet p < 0.05. They also stimulated the innate immunity represented by both monocyte and neutrophil cells in mice fed a regular diet, while this immunity was reduced in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. It also caused a marked reduction in inflammation and an improvement in the congestion of cardiac tissues, the aorta, and the spleen. The treatment of hyperlipidemic mice with combination of Lactobacillus and Spirulina gave similar results to those obtained with treatment by rosuvastatin.
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da Costa JLF, Furino VDO, de Castro CA, Alves JM, Duarte ACGDO. Dietary Intervention Associated With Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training Leads to Changes in the Inflammatory Profile in Visceral Adipose Tissue but Not in Skeletal Muscle in Diet-Induced Obese Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:836484. [PMID: 35399283 PMCID: PMC8990936 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.836484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the concentrations of inflammatory markers in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle, and changes in body mass and adipocyte size in diet-induced obese rats after moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and/or dietary intervention. After 8 weeks of obesity induction through a high-fat diet (HFD) consumption, twenty diet-induced obese male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: (i) control rats fed with HFD (HFD-SED), (ii) obese rats fed with HFD and submitted to MICT (HFD-MICT), (iii) obese rats that were submitted to a nutritional intervention by switching HFD to chow diet (CD-SED), and (iv) obese rats that were submitted to MICT and nutritional intervention (CD-MICT). All the animals in the training groups were submitted to MICT, with an intensity of 50–85% of Vmax, 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Gastrocnemius muscle (GAST) and mesenteric adipose tissue (mWAT) were collected to quantify tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 using ELISA. The body mass was recorded before and after the experimental protocols, and the adipocyte morphology was assessed using histological analysis. The results showed that HFD-SED had higher body mass, higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in mWAT, and higher increase in adipocyte size. The CD-SED and CD-MICT groups presented with reduced body mass, relative weight of mWAT, and adipocyte size. Moreover, the inflammatory markers in mWAT were reduced after dietary intervention (TNF-α), MICT (IL-10 and TNF-α), or both interventions combined (IL-6 and TNF-α). In contrast, there was no reduction in GAST-relative weight or concentrations of inflammatory markers for any treatment. Finally, we concluded that 8 weeks of dietary intervention alone and combined with MICT were effective in reducing some of the deleterious effects caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lucas Fernandes da Costa
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity–DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jean Lucas Fernandes da Costa,
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira Furino
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity–DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Department of Morphology and Pathology-Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - João Manoel Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Center of Research of Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira Duarte
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity–DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center–CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos–UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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Morais TMF, Melo TS, Dantas MB, Ferreira JM, Sousa DFD, Magalhães EP, Menezes RRPPBD, Pessoa ODL, Feitosa ML, Sousa FCFD, Sampaio TL, Queiroz MGRD. Tyramine exerts hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects in vivo. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e201191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Silva SP, Beserra-Filho JIA, Kubota MC, Cardoso GN, Freitas FRS, Gonçalves BSM, Vicente-Silva W, Silva-Martins S, Custódio-Silva AC, Soares-Silva B, Maria-Macêdo A, Santos JR, Estadella D, Ribeiro AM. Palatable high-fat diet intake influences mnemonic and emotional aspects in female rats in an estrous cycle-dependent manner. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1717-1727. [PMID: 34406559 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, the excessive consumption of fat and/or sugar has increased considerably. Palatable high-fat diets (HFDs) lead to metabolic disturbances and obesity, and impact emotional and cognitive processes. Previous studies in rodent models suggested that HFDs often cause multiple behavioral alterations, such as learning and memory deficits, and anxiety-like behaviors. Different sexes imply different behavioral and cognitive abilities; yet, most of these studies dealt with male or ovariectomized rats. We evaluated HFD effects in female rats submitted to different behavioral tasks, considering the effects of endogenous hormonal variations throughout estrous cycle. Female Wistar rats in each phase of the estrous cycle using commercial chow (CC) or HFD for 32 days. During treatment, behavioral assessments using sucrose preference (SP), elevated plus-maze (EPM), open field (OF) and novel-object recognition (NOR). At the end of the behavioral tests, animals were euthanized, and performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the brains by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The main results demonstrated that (1) HFD-fed rats had higher body mass gain and food intake, without altering caloric intake, (2) rats in diestrus had lower sucrose intake, (3) females in metestrus and diestrus showed deficits in the novel-object recognition memory. Furthermore, TH-immunoreactivity decreased in the dorsal striatum and BDNF in the hippocampus in HFD-fed females. These results suggest that HFD alters neurochemical and metabolic aspects that may induce phase-dependent behavioral changes in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pereira Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ivo Araújo Beserra-Filho
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Melina Chiemi Kubota
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Nascimento Cardoso
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisca Rayanne Silva Freitas
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Santos Martins Gonçalves
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson Vicente-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Suellen Silva-Martins
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claúdia Custódio-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Soares-Silva
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Maria-Macêdo
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Ronaldo Santos
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Itabaiana, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Debora Estadella
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Mussi Ribeiro
- Departament of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Silva Jardim 136, Edifício Central, CEP 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Furino VDO, Alves JM, Marine DA, Sene-Fiorese M, Rodrigues CNDS, Arrais-Lima C, Mattiello SM, de Castro CA, Borra RC, Rocha MC, Malavazi I, Duarte ACGDO. Dietary Intervention, When Not Associated With Exercise, Upregulates Irisin/FNDC5 While Reducing Visceral Adiposity Markers in Obese Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:564963. [PMID: 34483949 PMCID: PMC8414258 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.564963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease and the expansion of adipose tissue, especially visceral fat, promotes the secretion of factors that lead to comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, diet and exercise have been proposed as an intervention to reverse these complications. An adipocytokine, known as irisin, mediates the beneficial effects of exercise. It has been proposed as a therapeutic potential in controlling obesity. In view of the above, this paper attempts to determine the modulation of irisin, visceral adiposity and biochemical markers in response to dietary intervention and aerobic exercise. To do this, 52 diet-induced obese male Wistar rats were divided into the following four groups: high-fat diet and exercise (HFD-Ex); HFD-Sedentary (HFD-Sed); chow-diet and exercise (CD-Exercise); and CD-Sed. The exercise-trained group performed a treadmill protocol for 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Body mass (BM), body fat (BF), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were analyzed. Mesenteric (MES), epididymal (EPI), and retroperitoneal (RET) adipose tissue was collected and histological analysis was performed. Biochemical irisin, triglycerides, glucose, insulin and inflammatory markers were determined and, FNDC5 protein expression was analyzed. In this study, the diet was the most important factor in reducing visceral adiposity in the short and long term. Exercise was an important factor in preserving muscle mass and reducing visceral depots after a long term. Moreover, the combination of diet and exercise can enhance these effects. Diet and exercise exclusively were the factors capable of increasing the values of irisin/FNDC5, however it did not bring cumulative effects of both interventions. Prescriptions to enhance the obesity treatments should involve reducing visceral adiposity by reducing the fat content in the diet associated with aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de Oliveira Furino
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - João Manoel Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Diego Adorna Marine
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcela Sene-Fiorese
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carla Nascimento Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cristina Arrais-Lima
- Department of Physiotherapy - DFisio-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Stela Márcia Mattiello
- Department of Physiotherapy - DFisio-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Department of Morphology and Pathology-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Department of Genetics and Evolution-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marina Campos Rocha
- Department of Genetics and Evolution-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira Duarte
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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13
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Furtado RL, Martins JER, Oliveira MAF, Guerreiro DD, de Sá NAR, Ferraz ASM, Ceccatto VM, Rodrigues APR, Araújo VR. Acute effect of high-intensity interval training exercise on redox status in the ovaries of rats fed a high-fat diet. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:713-724. [PMID: 34437833 DOI: 10.1071/rd20326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates the effect of a single high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session on the redox status of rat ovaries with excess adiposity. Forty Wistar female rats (mean (±s.e.m.) weight 94.40 ± 13.40 g) were divided into two groups and fed either a standard diet (SD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 62 days. At the end of this period, the rats were subjected to a single HIIT session and were killed 24 h after exercise. Both groups subjected to exercise (SDex and HFDex) generated a significantly higher antioxidant environment by presenting a higher thiol content, which represents a lower oxidation rate of GSH than their respective controls (SD and HFD). The percentage of morphologically normal primary follicles decreased, whereas that of antral follicles increased, in the SDex group. In addition, the HFD group had a higher percentage of degenerated antral follicles than the SD and SDex groups. Cells immunoreactive for α-smooth muscle actin were seen in the cortical stroma and thecal layer enclosing late secondary and tertiary follicles in all groups. Moreover, heme oxygenase and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (Cyp19A1) labelling was seen in all antral follicles. Progesterone concentrations were significantly higher in the HFDex than SDex group. In conclusion, this study indicates that a single session of HIIT may result in an improvement in ovary redox status because of metabolic muscle activity by inducing physiological adaptation after exercise in a paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo L Furtado
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Elias R Martins
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60455760, Brazil
| | - Maria Alice F Oliveira
- Microscopy Laboratory of Health Sciences Center, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Denise D Guerreiro
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Naiza A R de Sá
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Alex S M Ferraz
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60455760, Brazil
| | - Vânia M Ceccatto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Gene Expression, Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula R Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Manipulation of Oocytes and Preantral Follicles, Veterinary Faculty, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Valdevane R Araújo
- Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60714-903, Brazil; and Microscopy Laboratory of Health Sciences Center, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60714-903, Brazil; and Corresponding author.
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14
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Lima RPD, Nunes PIG, Viana AFSC, Oliveira FTBD, Silva RAC, Alves APNN, Viana DA, Fonseca SGC, Carvalho AA, Chaves MH, Rao VS, Santos FA. α,β-Amyrin prevents steatosis and insulin resistance in a high-fat diet-induced mouse model of NAFLD via the AMPK-mTORC1-SREBP1 signaling mechanism. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e11391. [PMID: 34406209 PMCID: PMC8373198 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by hepatosteatosis and steatohepatitis, is intrinsically related to obesity. Our previous study reported on the anti-obese activity of α,β-amyrin (AMY), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Protium heptaphyllum. This study investigated its ability to prevent fatty liver and the underlying mechanism using the mouse model of NAFLD. NAFLD was induced in male Swiss mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. The controls were fed a normal chow diet (ND). The mice were simultaneously treated with AMY at 10 and 20 mg/kg or fenofibrate at 50 mg/kg. Lipid levels along with metabolic and inflammatory parameters were assessed in liver and serum. The liver sections were histologically examined using H&E staining. RT-qPCR and western blotting assays were performed to analyze signaling mechanisms. Mice fed HFD developed severe hepatic steatosis with elevated triglycerides and lipid droplets compared with ND controls. This was associated with a decrease in AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, an increase of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling, and enhanced sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression, which have roles in lipogenesis, inhibition of lipolysis, and inflammatory response. AMY treatment reversed these signaling activities and decreased the severity of hepatic steatosis and inflammatory response, evidenced by serum and liver parameters as well as histological findings. AMY-induced reduction in hepatic steatosis seemed to involve AMPK-mTORC1-SREBP1 signaling pathways, which supported its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P de Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - P I G Nunes
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A F S C Viana
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F T B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - R A C Silva
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A P N N Alves
- Departamento de Clínica Odontológica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - D A Viana
- Laboratório de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Ciência Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - S G C Fonseca
- Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - A A Carvalho
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Piauí, Piripiri Campus, Piripiri, PI, Brasil
| | - M H Chaves
- Departamento de Química, Ministro Petrônio Portella Campus, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brasil
| | - V S Rao
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - F A Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Diniz AFA, de Oliveira Claudino BF, Duvirgens MV, da Silva Souza PP, Ferreira PB, Júnior FFL, Alves AF, da Silva BA. Spirulina platensis Consumption Prevents Obesity and Improves the Deleterious Effects on Intestinal Reactivity in Rats Fed a Hypercaloric Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3260789. [PMID: 34367461 PMCID: PMC8337120 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3260789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of hypercaloric diets is related to the development of obesity, favoring the etiology of gastrointestinal disorders. In this context, Spirulina platensis (SP), some blue-green algae with antioxidant action, appears as a potential therapeutic alternative to prevent obesity and associated intestinal disorders. Thus, the present study is aimed at evaluating the deleterious effects of the hypercaloric diet on the contractile and relaxing reactivity of the ileum of rats, as well as the possible preventive mechanisms of dietary supplementation with SP. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: fed a standard diet (SD), a hypercaloric diet (HCD), and/or supplemented with 25 mg/kg SP (HCD + SP25) for 8 weeks. The hypercaloric diet was effective in promoting obesity in rats, as well as decreasing potency and ileal relaxing and contractile efficacy. In contrast, dietary supplementation with SP was able to prevent some of the parameters of experimental obesity. In addition, SP prevented the reduction of intestinal reactivity, possibly due to a positive modulation of voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV) and negative regulation of muscarinic receptors (M3). Thus, food supplementation with Spirulina platensis becomes a promising alternative in the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases induced and/or aggravated by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Fellyp Avelino Diniz
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Products Bioactive/Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paula Benvindo Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Products Bioactive/Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Francisco Fernandes Lacerda Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Products Bioactive/Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- General Pathology Laboratory-Health Sciences Center-Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Products Bioactive/Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department/Health Sciences Center/Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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16
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Karim R, Begum MM, Alim MA, Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Khan AF, Islam T, Khan SI, Rahman MS. Effects of Alcoholic Extracts of Bangladeshi Mangrove Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. (Acanthaceae) Leaf and Stem on Atherogenic Model of Wistar Albino Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:7539037. [PMID: 34194526 PMCID: PMC8184344 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7539037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. (Acanthaceae) is a popular mangrove ethnomedicinal plant that cures several ailments, including asthma, diabetes, cancer, and many others. Our experiment was aimed at evaluating the anti-atherogenic effect of A. ilicifolius (leaf and stem) on a high-fat diet-induced atherogenic rat model. Atherosclerosis was developed in 12 weeks. Treatment with the standard drug (3 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o. of Simvastatin), separate doses of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of A. ilicifolius leaf (250 and 500 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o.), and stem (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o.) was subsequently conducted for additional 15 days. The anti-atherogenic effect was evaluated by estimating the change in body weight, systolic blood pressure, and lipid profile. Histopathology of aorta, liver, and kidney of atherogenic models was done for further evaluation. The antioxidant effect of different extracts was performed via DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay using ascorbic acid as standard. The anticoagulant effect was determined after 15 days of treatment with the same doses of the plant extracts and the standard Warfarin (2 mg/kg b.w./day, p.o.). When compared with atherogenic control, treatment with A. ilicifolius significantly reduced (p < 0.01) body weight, systolic blood pressure, and serum lipid levels while it elevated HDL (high-density lipoprotein) level in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, bleeding and clotting time was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) under the treatment of plant extracts. The histopathological data showed considerable improvement in tissue morphology after treatment. Our study evidenced that the alcoholic extracts of A. ilicifolius leaf and stem have anti-atherogenic properties and may be recommended as a potential herbal remedy for preventing cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubaba Karim
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Abdul Alim
- Department of Chemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, Bangladesh
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Tanjina Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Primeasia University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Sohanur Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Trust University, Barishal, Ruiya, Nobogram Road, Barishal 8200, Bangladesh
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17
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Longo L, de Souza VEG, Stein DJ, de Freitas JS, Uribe-Cruz C, Torres ILS, Álvares-da-Silva MR. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has beneficial effects on liver lipid accumulation and hepatic inflammatory parameters in obese rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11037. [PMID: 34040131 PMCID: PMC8154948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is key to liver steatosis development and progression. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising tool for eating disorders management but was not yet evaluated in steatosis. This study investigated tDCS' effects on liver steatosis and inflammation in an experimental obesity model. Male Wistar rats (60 days-old) were randomly allocated (n = 10/group) as follows: standard-diet/sham tDCS (SDS), standard-diet/tDCS (SDT), hypercaloric-cafeteria-diet/sham tDCS (HDS), and hypercaloric-cafeteria-diet/tDCS (HDT). After 40 days of diet, animals received active or sham tDCS for eight days and were euthanized for liver fat deposition and inflammation analysis. HDS and HDT animals showed cumulative food consumption, total liver lipid deposits, IL-1β, TNF-α levels, IL-1β/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios significantly higher than the SDS and SDT groups (p < 0.001 for all parameters). tDCS (SDT and HDT) reduced liver lipid deposits (0.7 times for both, p < 0.05), IL-1β (0.7 times and 0.9 times, respectively, p < 0.05) and IL-1β/IL-10 index (0.6 times and 0.8 times, respectively, p < 0.05) in relation to sham (SDS and HDS). There was an interaction effect on the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (p < 0.05). tDCS reduced 0.8 times the average liver triglyceride concentration in the HDT vs. HDS group (p < 0.05). In this obesity model, tDCS significantly decreased liver steatosis and hepatic inflammation. These results may justify looking into tDCS utility for human steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisse Longo
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Valessa Emanoele Gabriel de Souza
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dirson João Stein
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Investigations, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joice Soares de Freitas
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Investigations, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carolina Uribe-Cruz
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Preclinical Investigations, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mário Reis Álvares-da-Silva
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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18
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Effects of consumption of acerola, cashew and guava by-products on adiposity and redox homeostasis of adipose tissue in obese rats. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:283-289. [PMID: 34024528 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit by-products contain phytochemicals, fibers and other components that can improve the redox imbalance of obesity. OBJECTIVE The objective was to evaluate the effects of consumption of by-products of acerola, cashew and guava on the adiposity and redox homeostasis of adipose tissue in obese rats. METHODS The animals were separated into 5 groups, control (CTL), high fat (HF), HF supplemented with acerola (HFA), cashew (HFC) and guava (HFG). RESULTS Thiol quantification, lipid profile, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) test were performed. TGL and VLDL levels were increased in HF group, and the treated groups did not change the lipid profile. CAT activity was increased in HFA and HFG groups. HFA was able to reduce the weight of the subcutaneous cushion. CONCLUSION Treatment with fruit by-products did not alter weight gain, energy efficiency and body weight. Thus, the by-products of acerola and guava can be used as a sustainable alternative in the treatment of obesity.
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Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and aerobic exercise improve functioning, morphology, and redox balance in prostate obese rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6282. [PMID: 33737530 PMCID: PMC7973565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85337-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The high-fat diet (HFD) stimulates an increase in lipids and can be prejudicial for harmful to prostatic morphogenesis. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action in some types of cancer. The combination of aerobic physical exercise and PUFA can be more effective and reduce the risk of death. The study evaluates the effects of aerobic physical exercise associated with omega-3 (fish and chia oils), on the ventral prostate of Wistar rats those fed with HFD. Here, we report that HFD modified the final body weight and the weight gain, decreased the expression of the androgen receptor and increased prostatic inflammation via TNF-α produced damage prostatic like intraepithelial neoplasia. The supplementation with fish oil decreases final body weight, reduced BCL-2 and inflammation compared to chia oil; aerobic physical exercise associated with fish oil reduced lipids circulant and prostatic, increased proteins pro-apoptotic expression and reduced IL-6 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-α potentiating the CAT (p = 0.03) and SOD-1 (p = 0.001) expression. Additionally, the chia oil increased the NRF-2 (p < 0.0001) and GSS (p = 0.4) genes. PUFAs reduced the damage caused by excessive high-fat diet in the prostate so that there is greater effectiveness in omega-3 intake, it is necessary to associate with aerobic physical exercise.
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20
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Santos LS, Matos RJB, Cordeiro GS, Perez GS, Santo DAE, Silva RT, Gonçalves MS, Boaventura GT, Deiró TCBJ, Barreto-Medeiros JM. Perinatal exposure to a high-fat diet alters proopiomelanocortin, neuropeptide Y and dopaminergic receptors gene expression and the food preference in offspring adult rats. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e234855. [PMID: 33729380 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.234855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the hight-fat diet may alter the control of food intake promoting hyperphagia and obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of this diet on dopamine receptors (drd1 and drd2), proopiomelanocortin (pomc), neuropeptideY (npy) genes expression, and preference food in adult rats. Wistar female rats were fed a hight-fat or control diet during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were allocated into groups: Lactation - Control (C) and High-fat (H). Post-weaning - Control Control (CC), offspring of mothers C, fed a control diet after weaning; Control Hight-fat (CH), offspring of mothers C, fed a hight-fat diet after weaning; Hight-fat Control (HC), offspring of mothers H, fed with control diet after weaning; and Hight-fat Hight-fat (HH), offspring of mothers H, fed a H diet after weaning. The groups CH and HH presented greater expression of drd1 in comparison to the CC. The drd2 of CH and HC presented higher gene expression than did CC. HH presented higher pomc expression in comparison to the other groups. HC also presented greater expression in comparison to CH. The npy of HH presented greater expression in relation to CH and HC. HH and HC have had a higher preference for a high-fat diet at 102º life's day. The high-fat diet altered the gene expression of the drd1, drd2, pomc and npy, and influencing the food preference for high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Santos
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - R J B Matos
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória de Santo Antão, Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - G S Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - G S Perez
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - D A E Santo
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - R T Silva
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - M S Gonçalves
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - G T Boaventura
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Departamento de Nutrição e Dietética, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - T C B J Deiró
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
| | - J M Barreto-Medeiros
- Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Alimentos, Nutrição e Saúde, Salvador, BA, Brasil
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21
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Costa LR, de Castro CA, Marine DA, Fabrizzi F, Furino VDO, Malavazi I, Anibal FDF, Duarte ACGDO. High-Intensity Interval Training Does Not Change Vaspin and Omentin and Does Not Reduce Visceral Adipose Tissue in Obese Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:564862. [PMID: 33716759 PMCID: PMC7952996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.564862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the expression of omentin and vaspin, inflammatory markers, body composition, and lipid profile in diet-induced obese rats and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: untrained normal diet, trained normal diet (T-ND), untrained high-fat diet (Unt-HFD), and trained high-fat diet (T-HFD). For the animals of the Unt-HFD and T-HFD groups, a high-fat diet was offered for 4 weeks. After that, all the animals in the T-ND and T-HFD groups were submitted to HITT, three times per week, for 10 weeks (2 weeks of adaptation and 8 weeks of HIIT). Muscle (gastrocnemius), liver, epididymal adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and serum were collected to analyze TNF-α, IL-6, PCR, IL-8, IL-10, IL-4, vaspin, and omentin. A body composition analysis was performed before adaptation to HIIT protocol and after the last exercise session using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Omentin and vaspin in the VAT were quantified using Western blotting. The results showed that, when fed a high-fat diet, the animals obtained significant gains in body fat and elevated serum concentrations of vaspin and blood triglycerides. The HIIT was able to minimize body fat gain but did not reduce visceral fat despite the increase in maximum exercise capacity. Moreover, there was a reduction in the serum levels of adiponectin, IL-6, and IL-10. Finally, we concluded that, although the training protocol was able to slow down the weight gain of the animals, there was no reduction in visceral fat or an improvement in the inflammatory profile, including no changes in omentin and vaspin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Ribeiro Costa
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity – DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Department of Morphology and Pathology – Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Diego Adorna Marine
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity – DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fabrizzi
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Penápolis-Brazil, Penápolis, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira Furino
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity – DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution – Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Department of Morphology and Pathology – Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira Duarte
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity – DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center – CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos – UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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22
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Perceived Nutrition and Health Concerns: Do They Protect against Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in Polish Adults? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010170. [PMID: 33429889 PMCID: PMC7827032 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the associations between perceived health and nutrition concerns, sociodemographic characteristics and unhealthy dietary patterns in a representative group of Polish adults. The data were collected in 2017 through a cross-sectional quantitative survey under the National Health Program 2016-2020. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. It was found that higher health concerns decreased the chances of adhering to upper tertiles of "Fast food & alcohol" and "Refined food & sweetened beverages" dietary patterns (DPs), thus displaying less frequent consumption of such foods. No relationship was found between health concerns and adhering to the "Fat food" and "Butter" DPs. Nutrition concerns increased the likelihood of frequent consumption of foods from "Fast food & alcohol" DP. Women were less likely to adhere to unhealthy eating patterns than men, while older people were less likely to often consume fast food, alcohol, or refined food and sweetened beverages. Findings of this study showed that concerns about health or nutrition were differently associated with dietary patterns and consumption of unhealthy foods. These relationships should be considered when developing interventions to address health-related lifestyle changes. However, further research is needed to identify cause-effect relationships between these variables.
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23
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Al-Saman MA, Helmy MA, Abdella A, Wilkins MR, El Khalik Gobba NA, Mahrous H. Optimization of lovastatin production by Aspergillus terreus ATCC 10020 using solid-state fermentation and its pharmacological applications. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.101906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Lalanza JF, Snoeren EMS. The cafeteria diet: A standardized protocol and its effects on behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 122:92-119. [PMID: 33309818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a major health risk, with junk food consumption playing a central role in weight gain, because of its high palatability and high-energy nutrients. The Cafeteria (CAF) diet model for animal experiments consists of the same tasty but unhealthy food products that people eat (e.g. hot dogs and muffins), and considers variety, novelty and secondary food features, such as smell and texture. This model, therefore, mimics human eating patterns better than other models. In this paper, we systematically review studies that have used a CAF diet in behavioral experiments and propose a standardized CAF diet protocol. The proposed diet is ad libitum and voluntary; combines different textures, nutrients and tastes, including salty and sweet products; and it is rotated and varied. Our summary of the behavioral effects of CAF diet show that it alters meal patterns, reduces the hedonic value of other rewards, and tends to reduce stress and spatial memory. So far, no clear effects of CAF diet were found on locomotor activity, impulsivity, coping and social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume F Lalanza
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Eelke M S Snoeren
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Regional Health Authority of North Norway, Norway.
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25
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Awaad AK, Kamel MA, Mohamed MM, Helmy MH, Youssef MI, Zaki EI, Essawy MM, Hegazy MGA. The role of hepatic transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) during the development of experimental nonalcoholic fatty liver: a biochemical and histomorphometric study. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-020-00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Several molecular mechanisms contribute to the initiation and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the exact mechanism is not completely understood. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is one of the most promising pathways that regulates various cellular functions including lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. cAMP induces gene transcription through phosphorylation of the transcription factor, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). The action of cAMP is tightly regulated by its level and repression. Among the repressors, Inducible cAMP Early Repressor (ICER) is the only inducible CRE-binding protein. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of hepatic CREB level in the development of experimental NAFLD model to clarify the pathogenesis of the disease. NAFLD 35 male Wistar rats fed a high fat diet for a period of 14 weeks were studied compared with 35 control rats fed a standard diet. Five fasting rats were sacrificed each 2 weeks intervals for a period of 14 weeks.
Results
NAFLD group revealed a remarkable duration—dependent elevation in cAMP and CREB levels in the liver tissue compared to control group (P value < 0.004, P value < 0.006, respectively). In contrast, ICER gene expression, as a dominant-negative regulator of CREB, was downregulated in the liver of NAFLD group compared to control group. We also demonstrated that CREB levels were positively correlated with liver function tests, and glucose homeostasis parameters.
Conclusions
Our results indicate that cAMP/CREB pathway provides an early signal in the progression to NAFLD representing a noninvasive biomarker that can early detect NAFLD and a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of the disease as well.
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26
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Palazzo RP, Torres ILS, Grefenhagen ÁI, da Silva BB, de Meireles LCF, de Vargas KC, Alves Z, Pereira Silva LO, Siqueira IR. Early life exposure to hypercaloric diet impairs eating behavior during weaning: The role of BDNF signaling and astrocyte marks. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:667-678. [PMID: 32926590 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Literature shows that gestational and/or lactational exposure to hypercaloric diets induces long term effects on eating behavior and the involvement of neurochemical mechanisms. We hypothesized that the effects of hypercaloric diets in early development phases can precede an overweight or an obesity status. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of gestational and lactational exposure to cafeteria diet on eating behavior and neurochemical parameters, BDNF signaling, epigenetic and astrocyte marks in the hippocampus and olfactory bulb during the weaning phase. Pregnant female rats were randomized between standard and cafeteria diet, the respective diet was maintained through the lactational period. The framework of feeding pattern, meal, and its microstructure, was observed in postnatal day 20. Exposure to cafeteria diet increased the number of meals, associated with a lower first inter-meal interval and higher consumption in both genders, without any changes in body weight. Diet exposure also reduced the number of grooming, a behavior typically found at the end of meals. Hypercaloric diet exposure reduced BDNF levels in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus from rats of both sexes and increased the content of the TrkB receptor in hippocampi. It was observed an increase in HDAC5 levels, an epigenetic mark. Still, early exposure to the hypercaloric diet reduced hippocampal GFAP and PPARγ levels, without any effect on NeuN content, indicating that alterations in astrocytes can precede those neuronal outcomes. Our results showed that changes in interrelated neurochemical signaling, BDNF, and astrocyte marks, induced by hypercaloric diet in early stages of development may be related to impairment in the temporal distribution of eating pattern and consequent amounts of consumed food during the weaning phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Passos Palazzo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ágnis Iohana Grefenhagen
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruno Batista da Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Kethleen Costa de Vargas
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Zingara Alves
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lenir Orlandi Pereira Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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27
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Potential Therapeutic Role of Dietary Supplementation with Spirulina platensis on the Erectile Function of Obese Rats Fed a Hypercaloric Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3293065. [PMID: 32685091 PMCID: PMC7345966 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3293065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina platensis, an important source of bioactive compounds, is a multicellular, filamentous cyanobacterium rich in high-quality proteins, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. Due to its nutrient composition, the alga is considered a complete food and is recognized for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiobesity, and reproprotective effects. All of which are important for prevention and treatment of organic and metabolic disorders such as obesity and erectile dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the modulatory role of Spirulina platensis food supplementation and the mechanisms of action involved in reversing the damage caused by a hypercaloric diet on the erectile function of rats. The animals were divided into a standard diet group (SD, n = 5); a hypercaloric diet group (HCD, n = 5); a hypercaloric diet group supplemented with S. platensis at doses of 25 (HCD+SP25, n = 5), 50 (HCD+SP50, n = 5), and 100 mg/kg (HCD+SP100, n = 5); and a hypercaloric diet group subsequently fed a standard diet (HCD+SD, n = 5). In the rats fed a hypercaloric diet, dietary supplementation with S. platensis effectively increased the number of erections while decreasing latency to initiate penile erection. Additionally, S. platensis increases NO bioavailability, reduces inflammation by reducing the release of contractile prostanoids, enhances the relaxation effect promoted by acetylcholine (ACh), restores contractile reactivity damage and cavernous relaxation, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increases cavernous total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Food supplementation with S. platensis thus restores erectile function in obese rats, reduces production of contractile prostanoids, reduces oxidative stress, and increases NO bioavailability. Food supplementation with S. platensis thus emerges as a promising new therapeutic alternative for the treatment of erectile dysfunction as induced by obesity.
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28
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Dos Santos LS, de Matos RJB, Cordeiro GDS, Dos Santos JN, Perez GDS, Gonçalves MDS, Ribeiro IDO, Barreto Medeiros JM. Perinatal and post-weaning exposure to an obesogenic diet promotes greater expression of nuclear factor-κB and tumor necrosis factor-α in white adipose tissue and hypothalamus of adult rats. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:502-510. [PMID: 32496945 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1764291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To analyze the effects of exposure to a high-fat diet during the perinatal period and after weaning on white adipose tissue accumulation and gene expression of TNF- α and NF- κB.Method: Wistar female rats were fed with high-fat (H) or control (C) diet during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were allocated into four groups: Control Control (CC), offspring of mothers GC, fed a control diet after weaning; Control High-fat (CH), offspring of mothers GC, fed a hight-fat diet after weaning; High-fat Control (HC), offspring of mothers GH, fed with control diet after weaning; and High-fat High-fat (HH), offspring of mothers GH, fed a H diet after weaning.Results: HH and HC groups showed increased body weight compared to CC group and increases in caloric intake, larger amount of white adipose tissue and adipocyte size compared to CC and CH groups. The HH and CH groups showed higher NF-kB expression in white adipose tissue compared to the CC and HC groups, and the HH group also showed higher TNF- α expression. In the hypothalamus, the HH and HC groups exhibited higher TNF- α expression compared to the CC and CH groups.Conclusion: Perinatal and post-weaning exposure to the high-fat diet increases the amount of white adipose tissue, adipocyte size, and expression of the inflammatory genes TNF-α and NF-kB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimeire Santana Dos Santos
- Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriele Dos Santos Cordeiro
- Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Dos Santos Perez
- Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Mariane Dos Santos Gonçalves
- Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ingrid de Oliveira Ribeiro
- Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jairza Maria Barreto Medeiros
- Graduate Program of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
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29
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Maher AM, Saleh SR, Elguindy NM, Hashem HM, Yacout GA. Exogenous melatonin restrains neuroinflammation in high fat diet induced diabetic rats through attenuating indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression. Life Sci 2020; 247:117427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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De Faveri A, De Faveri R, Broering MF, Bousfield IT, Goss MJ, Muller SP, Pereira RO, de Oliveira E Silva AM, Machado ID, Quintão NLM, Santin JR. Effects of passion fruit peel flour (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa O. Deg.) in cafeteria diet-induced metabolic disorders. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112482. [PMID: 31866512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa O. Deg. is a native Brazilian fruit known as sour or yellow passion fruit. From its peel, mainly in the northeast of Brazil, is produced a flour that is largely used as folk medicine to treat diabetes and other metabolic conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to show the effects of P. edulis peel flour (PEPF) in metabolic disorders caused by cafeteria diet in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The antioxidant activity in vitro of PEPF extract was determined by ferric reducing/antioxidant power, β-carotene/linoleic acid system and nitric oxide scavenging activity assay. C57BL/6 mice divided in 3 groups: Control group, fed on a standard diet (AIN); Cafeteria diet (CAF) group, fed on a cafeteria diet, and PEPF group, fed on a cafeteria diet containing 15% of PEPF, during 16 weeks. The glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were evaluated through the glucose tolerance test (GTT) and the insulin tolerance test (ITT). After the intervention period, blood, hepatic, pancreatic and adipose tissues were collected for biochemical and histological analysis. Cholesterol, triglyceride, interleukins and antioxidant enzymes were measured in the liver tissue. RESULTS PEPF extract presented antioxidant activity in the higher concentrations in the performed assays. The PEPF intake decreased the body weight gain, fat deposition, predominantly in the liver, improved the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in metabolic changes caused by cafeteria diet. CONCLUSION Together, the data herein obtained points out that P. edulis peel flour supplementation in metabolic syndrome condition induced by CAF-diet, prevents insulin and glucose resistance, hepatic steatosis and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline De Faveri
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renata De Faveri
- Biomedicine Course, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Milena Fronza Broering
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Izabel Terranova Bousfield
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marina Jagielski Goss
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Samuel Paulo Muller
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Raquel Oliveira Pereira
- Nutrition Department (DNUT), Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | | | - Isabel Daufenback Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nara Lins Meira Quintão
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade Do Vale Do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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31
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Zaki P, Domingues EL, Amjad FM, Narde MB, Gonçalves KR, Viana ML, de Paula H, de Lima WG, Huang H, Bahia MT, Sherer PE, Dos Santos FM, Weiss LM, Tanowitz HB. The role of fat on cardiomyopathy outcome in mouse models of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1829-1843. [PMID: 32206887 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of cardiomyopathy in Chagas disease are still unsolved. In order to better clarify the role of fat on the evolution of cardiomyopathy, the present study employed three murine models of chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection: (1) aP2-RIDα/β transgenic mice (RID mice; an adipose tissue model which express a gain-of-function potent anti-inflammatory activity), (2) allograft inflammatory factor-1 knockout mice (Aif1-/-), and (3) a Swiss outbred mice. RID mice and non-transgenic mice (wild type, WT) were infected with blood trypomastigotes of Brazil strain. During the acute stage of infection, RID mice had lower parasitemia, lower heart inflammation, and a decrease in the relative distribution of parasite load from cardiac muscle tissue toward epididymal fat. Nevertheless, comparable profiles of myocardial inflammatory infiltrates and relative distribution of parasite load were observed among RID and WT at the chronic stage of infection. Aif1-/- and Aif1+/+ mice were infected with bloodstream trypomastigotes of Tulahuen strain and fed with high-fat diet (HFD) or regular diet (RD). Interestingly, Aif1+/+ HFD infected mice showed the highest mortality. Swiss mice infected with blood trypomastigotes of Berenice-78 strain on a HFD had higher levels of TNFα and more inflammation in their heart tissue than infected mice fed a RD. These various murine models implicate adipocytes in the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas disease and suggest that HFD can lead to a significant increase in the severity of parasite-induced chronic cardiac damage. Furthermore, these data implicate adipocyte TLR4-, TNFα-, and IL-1β-mediated signaling in pro-inflammatory pathways and Aif-1 gene expression in the development of chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zaki
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Elisa Lbc Domingues
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Farhad M Amjad
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Maiara B Narde
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Karolina R Gonçalves
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Mirelle L Viana
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Heberth de Paula
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Wanderson G de Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Maria T Bahia
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Philipp E Sherer
- The Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Fabiane M Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Guararema, Alegre, ES, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Louis M Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Herbert B Tanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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Lino ADDS, Aquino Júnior AED, Leite RD, Speretta GFF, Moraes FDD, Fabrizzi F, Moraes G, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Duarte ACGDO. Resistance training improves the lipid profile, combat oxidative stress and inhibit MMP-2 activity in the left ventricle diet-induced obese rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574202000030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Lazzarino GP, Acutain MF, Canesini G, Andreoli MF, Ramos JG. Cafeteria diet induces progressive changes in hypothalamic mechanisms involved in food intake control at different feeding periods in female rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 498:110542. [PMID: 31430504 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effects of cafeteria diet (CAF) intake from weaning on mRNA levels and DNA methylation state of feeding-related neuropeptides and hormone receptors in individual hypothalamic nuclei at different feeding periods. Four weeks of CAF (short-term) increased energy intake and adiposity, without affecting neuropeptides' expression. Eleven weeks of CAF (medium-term) increased energy intake, adiposity, leptinemia, and body weight, with an orexigenic response of the lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular and ventromedial nuclei, given by upregulation of Orexins, AgRP, and NPY opposed by an anorectic signal of the arcuate nucleus, which displayed a higher POMC expression. The changes in neuropeptidic mRNA levels were related to epigenetic modifications in their promoter regions. Metabolic and molecular changes were intensified after 20 weeks of diet (long-term). The alterations in these hypothalamic brain nuclei could add information about their differential role in food intake control, and how their action is disrupted during the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Paola Lazzarino
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente Del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Acutain
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente Del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Guillermina Canesini
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente Del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (FBCB), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Andreoli
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente Del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Jorge Guillermo Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Salud y Ambiente Del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional Del Litoral - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo S/N, S3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Doulberis M, Papaefthymiou A, Polyzos SA, Katsinelos P, Grigoriadis N, Srivastava DS, Kountouras J. Rodent models of obesity. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2019; 45:243-263. [PMID: 31738033 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.19.03058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obese or overweight people exceed one-third of the global population and obesity along with diabetes mellitus consist basic components of metabolic syndrome, both of which are known cardio-cerebrovascular risk factors with detrimental consequences. These data signify the pandemic character of obesity and the necessity for effective treatments. Substantial advances have been accomplished in preclinical research of obesity by using animal models, which mimic the human disease. In particular, rodent models have been widely used for many decades with success for the elucidation of the pathophysiology of obesity, since they share physiological and genetic components with humans and appear advantageous in their husbandry. The most representative rodents include the laboratory mouse and rat. Within this review, we attempted to consolidate the most widely used mice and rat models of obesity and highlight their strengths as well as weaknesses in a critical way. Our aim was to bridge the gap between laboratory facilities and patient's bed and help the researcher find the appropriate animal model for his/her obesity research. This tactful selection of the appropriate model of obesity may offer more translational derived results. In this regard, we included, the main diet induced models, the chemical/mechanical ones, as well as a selection of monogenic or polygenic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Doulberis
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland - .,Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece -
| | | | | | - Panagiotis Katsinelos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- First Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - David S Srivastava
- Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jannis Kountouras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Medical Clinic, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Carvalho DV, Silva LMA, Alves Filho EG, Santos FA, Lima RPD, Viana AFSC, Nunes PIG, Fonseca SGDC, Melo TSD, Viana DDA, Gallão MI, Brito ESD. Cashew apple fiber prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice: an NMR metabolomic evaluation. Food Funct 2019; 10:1671-1683. [PMID: 30839972 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01575a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary fiber intake plays an important role in the prevention of obesity. This study aimed at investigating the effect of cashew fiber without low molecular weight compounds (CABwc) on obesity prevention and metabolomics in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Mice were fed a chow diet (CD), a high-fat diet (HFD) or a high-fat diet supplemented with CABwc (10%) (HFD-CABwc) for 15 weeks. The body weight, abdominal fat, serum glucose levels, insulin and lipid profiles, satiety hormones such as leptin and ghrelin, digestive enzymes such as amylase and lipase, and inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, and adiponectin were measured, in addition to performing serum and hepatic tissue analyses. The metabolomic analysis was based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of serum and feces. The effects observed with ingestion of CABwc were appetite control and prevention of hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, as well as the prevention of the inflammatory process and reduction of liver injury caused by the HFD. In addition, NMR evidenced the presence of SCFAs in serum and feces of mice fed with HFD-CABwc. These findings suggest that CABwc promoted satiety in mice, improving the metabolism of glucose and lipids. Positive effects of obesity prevention may be associated with SCFA production.
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Pinheiro IRR, Melo MFN, de Sousa SV, Cardoso BG, da Silva TM, Rangel LP, Cortes VF, de Lima Santos H, Chaves VE, Garcia IJP, Barbosa LA. Evaluation of the effect of cafeteria diet on the kidney Na,K-ATPase activity, and oxidative stress. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19052-19063. [PMID: 31265167 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, renal tissue, subdivided into the cortex and medulla of Wistar rats subjected to a cafeteria diet (CAF) for 24 days or to normal diet, was used to analyze whether the renal enzyme Na,K-ATPase activity was modified by CAF diet, as well as to analyze the α1 subunit of renal Na,K-ATPase expression levels. The lipid profile of the renal plasma membrane and oxidative stress were verified. In the Na,K-ATPase activity evaluation, no alteration was found, but a significant decrease of 30% in the cortex was detected in the α1 subunit expression of the enzyme. There was a 24% decrease in phospholipids in the cortex of rats submitted to CAF, a 17% increase in cholesterol levels in the cortex, and a 23% decrease in the medulla. Lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the groups submitted to CAF, both in the cortical region, 29%, and in the medulla, 35%. Also, a reduction of 45% in the glutathione levels was observed in the cortex and medulla with CAF. CAF showed a nearly two-fold increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in relation to the control group in the cortex and a 59% increase in the GPx activity in the medulla. In conclusion, although the diet was administered for a short period of time, important results were found, especially those related to the lipid profile and oxidative stress, which may directly affect renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Reis Restier Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina Fátima Nunes Melo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sarah Vivas de Sousa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Gatti Cardoso
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thaís Marques da Silva
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira Rangel
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Tumoral, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Faria Cortes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Laboratório de de Bioquímica de Membranas e ATPases, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hérica de Lima Santos
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Laboratório de de Bioquímica de Membranas e ATPases, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valéria Ernestânia Chaves
- Laboratório de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Israel José Pereira Garcia
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Laboratório de de Bioquímica de Membranas e ATPases, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Augusto Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Laboratório de de Bioquímica de Membranas e ATPases, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Casagrande BP, Gomes MFP, Moura EOC, Santos ACC, Kubota MC, Ribeiro DA, Pisani LP, Medeiros A, Estadella D. Age-dependent hepatic alterations induced by a high-fat high-fructose diet. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:359-368. [PMID: 30874869 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to evaluate and clarify how the age at which the intake of a high-fat and high-fructose diet begins can affect animals' livers. METHODS Thirty-eight male wistar rats aged 6 and 12 weeks were fed a high-fat and high-fructose diet for 13 weeks. Inflammatory cytokines, hepatic glycogen, serum and hepatic triacylglycerol and pAkt protein content in the liver were assessed. Percentage of weight gained, and visceral adiposity were also evaluated. RESULTS Young animal presented increased hepatic triacylglycerol and decreased glycogen, while adult animals had no significant alterations regarding its contents. IL6 and IL10 to IL6 ratio were also altered in young animals exposed to HFHF, while adult animals fed with HFHF had only increases in TNF-α. Both groups which received HFHF had increased serum triacylglycerol and visceral adiposity. However, only young animals gained more relative weight and had greater final body weight, gains which were related to alterations found in hepatic triacylglycerol and glycogen. CONCLUSION Age of which consumption begins interferes in how the liver deals with an excess of nutrient and subsequent proinflammatory stimulation, leading to different phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Casagrande
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - M F P Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - E O C Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - A C C Santos
- Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - M C Kubota
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - D A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - L P Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - A Medeiros
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - D Estadella
- Departamento de Biociências, Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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de Oliveira C, de Freitas JS, Macedo IC, Scarabelot VL, Ströher R, Santos DS, Souza A, Fregni F, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates biometric and inflammatory parameters and anxiety-like behavior in obese rats. Neuropeptides 2019; 73:1-10. [PMID: 30446297 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease associated with metabolic dysfunction and the prevention and treatment of obesity are often unsatisfactory. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that has proven promising in the treatment of eating disorders such as obesity. We investigate the effects of tDCS on locomotor and exploratory activities, anxiety-like and feeding behavior, and levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), IL (interleukin)-10, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the cerebral cortex of obese rats. A total of 40 adult male Wistar rats were used in our study. Animals were divided into groups of three or four animals per cage and allocated to four treatment groups: standard diet plus sham tDCS treatment (SDS), standard diet plus tDCS treatment (SDT), hypercaloric diet plus sham tDCS treatment (HDS), hypercaloric diet plus tDCS treatment (HDT). After 40 days on a hypercaloric diet and/or standard diet were to assessed the locomotor and exploratory activity and anxiety-like behavior to by the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests respectively before and after exposure to tDCS treatment. The experimental groups were submitted to active or sham treatment tDCS during eight days. Palatable food consumption test (PFT) was performed 24 h after the last tDCS session under fasting and feeding conditions. Obese animals submitted to tDCS treatment showed a reduction in the Lee index, visceral adipose tissue weight, and food craving. In addition, bicephalic tDCS decreased the cerebral cortex levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in these animals. Exposure to a hypercaloric diet produced an anxiolytic effect, which was reversed by bicephalic tDCS treatment. These results suggest that, in accordance with studies in humans, bicephalic tDCS could modulate biometric and inflammatory parameters, as well as anxiety-like and feeding behavior, of rats subjected to the consumption of a hypercaloric diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Joice Soares de Freitas
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Macedo
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ströher
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Souza
- Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Post-Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Laboratory of Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation: Pre clinical studies, Pharmacology Department, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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de Castro CA, da Silva KA, Rocha MC, Sene-Fiorese M, Nonaka KO, Malavazi I, Anibal FDF, Duarte ACGDO. Exercise and Omentin: Their Role in the Crosstalk Between Muscle and Adipose Tissues in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Models. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1881. [PMID: 30666216 PMCID: PMC6330355 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effects of resisted, aerobic, and combined exercises on omentin levels in visceral adipose tissue and muscle of rats with experimental diabetes to verify whether these adipokines are related to the glucose pathway and inflammation process in this model. Male Wistar rats received a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) to induce experimental diabetes. After inducing diabetes, the animals were divided into 4 experimental groups (n = 10): diabetic control (C); resistance training (RT); aerobic training (AT); and combined training (CT). The groups were exercised for 12 weeks, 3 times/week, where: RT means the stair climbing protocol until exhaustion; AT is the 30 min/day reaching 20 m/min protocol, and CT is the combination of RT and AT. The AT group showed reduced retroperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissue and abdominal fat deposits. Our study also showed a possible control of blood glucose, as well as decreased Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein, increased circulating adiponectin and increased omentin in visceral adipose tissue. In addition, the AT group affected the glucose pathway by stimulating phosphorylation of Akt in muscle tissue. Omentin also showed a strong positive correlation with adiponectin and a moderate negative correlation with IL-6. Thus, our findings indicated that omentin in type 2 diabetes is changed by AT. Furthermore, increased omentin levels had a close association with the glucose pathway by stimulating phosphorylation of Akt in muscle tissue and with IL-6 in serum, suggesting that omentin is likely to have anti-inflammatory and protective action in experimental diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Ana da Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Campos Rocha
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Sene-Fiorese
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Keico Okino Nonaka
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Department of Genetic and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Concurrent exercise improves insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by upregulating PPAR-γ and genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids in ApoE-KO mice fed a high-fat diet. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:6. [PMID: 30611282 PMCID: PMC6320624 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To emphasize the mechanism of concurrent exercise effect on lipid disorders in insulin resistance (IR) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and methods Twenty male ApoE knockout mice were randomly divided into two groups: HFD group (n = 10) fed a high fat diet, and HFDE group (n = 10) with high-fat diet intervention for 12 weeks and swimming exercise. Other ten healthy male C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal diet, and included as control group. Retro-orbital blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Oil red O staining of liver tissues was performed to confirm the exercise effect. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the expressions of PPAR-γ, CPT-1, MCAD. Results The levels of TG, TC, LDL, FFA, FIN, FPG and Homa-IRI in the HFD group were significantly higher than ND group, while these were markedly decreased in the HFDE group compared with HFD group. The Oil Red O staining of liver samples further confirmed the exercise effect on the change of lipid deposition in the liver. Western blotting showed increased expressions of PPAR-γ, CPT-1, MCAD induced by high fat diet were significantly downregulated by exercise. Conclusion A concurrent 12-week exercise protocol alleviated the lipid metabolism disorders of IR and NAFLD, probably via PPAR-γ/CPT-1/MCAD signaling.
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Fuchs T, Loureiro MDP, Macedo LE, Nocca D, Nedelcu M, Costa-Casagrande TA. Modelos animais na síndrome metabólica. Rev Col Bras Cir 2018; 45:e1975. [DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20181975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO O conhecimento sobre modelos animais para estudo metabólico representa a base da pesquisa nessa área. Este trabalho tem por objetivo revisar os principais modelos animais a serem utilizados no estudo da obesidade e da síndrome metabólica. Para isso, pesquisa no banco de dados Pubmed foi realizada usando as palavras-chave “animal models”, “obesity”, "metabolic syndrome”, e “bariatric surgery”. Várias espécies de animais podem ser usadas para o estudo de distúrbios metabólicos, no entanto, os roedores, tanto modelos monogênicos quanto modelos de obesidade induzida por dieta (DIO), são os animais mais utilizados nessa área. Animais monogênicos são a melhor escolha se apenas um aspecto estiver sendo avaliado. Animais DIO tendem a demonstrar melhor a interação entre doença, ambiente e gene. No entanto, eles ainda não são totalmente eficazes para a compreensão de todos os mecanismos dessa doença.
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de Souza ILL, Ferreira EDS, Diniz AFA, Carvalho MTDL, Queiroga FR, Toscano LT, Silva AS, da Silva PM, Cavalcante FDA, da Silva BA. Effects of Redox Disturbances on Intestinal Contractile Reactivity in Rats Fed with a Hypercaloric Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6364821. [PMID: 30498560 PMCID: PMC6222220 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6364821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have associated the effects of changes in caloric intake and redox disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the present study aimed at evaluating the hypercaloric diet consumption influence on the contractile reactivity of intestinal smooth muscle, morphology, and oxidative stress of rat ileum. Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups that received a standard diet and fed with a hypercaloric diet for 8 weeks. Animals were euthanized, and the ileum was isolated to isotonic contraction monitoring. Morphology was evaluated by histological staining and oxidative stress by quantification of malondialdehyde levels and total antioxidant activity. Cumulative concentration-response curves to KCl and carbachol were attenuated in rats fed with a hypercaloric diet compared to those that received a standard diet. In addition, an increase in caloric intake promotes a rise in the thickness of the longitudinal smooth muscle layer of rat ileum and tissue malondialdehyde levels, characterizing lipid peroxidation, as well as a decrease in the antioxidant activity. Thus, it was concluded that the consumption of a hypercaloric diet impairs rat intestinal contractility due to mechanisms involving modifications in the intestinal smooth muscle architecture triggered by redox disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara L. L. de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Elba dos S. Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Anderson F. A. Diniz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando R. Queiroga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Lydiane T. Toscano
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S. Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de A. Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia A. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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Effects of thymol on amyloid-β-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity in rats fed a high-fat diet. Brain Res Bull 2018; 137:338-350. [PMID: 29339105 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and a high-fat diet (HFD) are known to increase the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Oxidative stress, a major risk factor for AD, is increased with HFD consumption. Thymol (Thy) has antioxidant properties. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the protective and therapeutic effects of Thy on amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced impairments in the hippocampal synaptic plasticity of HFD-fed rats. In this study, 72 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 9 groups (n = 8 rats/group): Group 1 (control; standard diet); Group 2: Control + phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) + Oil (Thy vehicle); Group 3 (HFD + PBS); Group 4: (HFD + Aβ); Group 5: Control + PBS + Thy; Group 6: (HFD + Aβ + Oil); Group 7: Control + Aβ + Thy; Group 8: HFD + PBS + Thy; Group 9: (HFD + Aβ + Thy). After stereotaxic surgery, the field potentials were recorded after the implantation of the recording and stimulating electrodes in the dentate gyrus (DG) and perforant pathway, respectively. Following high-frequency stimulation, the long-term potentiation (LTP) of the population spike (PS) amplitude and the slope of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were measured in the DG. The HFD rats that received Aβ exhibited a significant decrease in their EPSP slope and PS amplitude as compared to the control group. In contrast, Thy administration in the HFD + Aβ rats reduced the decrease in the EPSP slope and PS amplitude. Thy decreased the Aβ-induced LTP impairments in HFD rats. The HFD significantly increased serum malondialdehyde levels and decreased total antioxidant capacity and total glutathione levels; whereas, Thy supplementation significantly reversed these parameters. Therefore, these results suggest that Thy, a natural antioxidant, can be therapeutic against high risk factors for AD, such as HFD.
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Soares MB, Ramalho JB, Izaguirry AP, Pavin NF, Spiazzi CC, Schimidt HL, Mello-Carpes PB, Santos FW. Comparative effect of Camellia sinensis teas on object recognition test deficit and metabolic changes induced by cafeteria diet. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:531-540. [PMID: 29280418 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1418726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Consumption of high-fat and high-sugar diets in Western countries has increased significantly causing major global health problems including metabolic syndrome and obesity. In addition, studies have suggested that obesity can lead to learning and memory deficits. In this context, the use of natural compounds with low costs, minor side effects and increased antioxidant activity, such as teas, could reduce the damages induced by obesity. We investigated the effect of white, green, red, and black teas (Camellia sinensis) and their possible neuroprotective mechanisms in an experimental obesity model induced by a cafeteria diet (CD). Methods: Female Swiss mice (20-30 g) were used; they received a normal diet or a hypercaloric diet (CD) during 8 weeks. Concomitantly, some mice received orally white, green, red, or black teas (1% dose) or water. Results: The mice subjected to CD showed weight gain, body fat accumulation, increased glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides, associated to recognition memory deficits and increased reactive species (RS) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the hippocampus. All teas significantly reduced AChE activity and partially reduced fat accumulation. Green and red teas reduced memory deficit. White, green, and black teas reduced RS levels, while only green and black tea reduced plasma triglyceride levels. Discussion: According to the results obtained it is possible to conclude that green tea was better than other teas in reducing effects of the CD model, being able to protect a greater number of parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Bucco Soares
- a Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa , CEP 97500-970 , Uruguaiana , RS , Brazil
| | - Juliana Bernera Ramalho
- a Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa , CEP 97500-970 , Uruguaiana , RS , Brazil
| | - Aryele Pinto Izaguirry
- a Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa , CEP 97500-970 , Uruguaiana , RS , Brazil
| | - Natasha Frasson Pavin
- a Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa , CEP 97500-970 , Uruguaiana , RS , Brazil
| | - Cristiano Chiapinotto Spiazzi
- a Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa , CEP 97500-970 , Uruguaiana , RS , Brazil
| | - Helen Lidiane Schimidt
- b Applied Neuromechanics Research Group, Federal University of Pampa , CEP 97500-970 Uruguaiana , RS , Brazil
| | | | - Francielli Weber Santos
- a Laboratório de Biotecnologia da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa , CEP 97500-970 , Uruguaiana , RS , Brazil
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Sordi CCD, Lemos MDP, Marocolo M, Chriguer RS, Mendes EL, Mota GRD, Barbosa Neto O. Exercise training reverse autonomic dysfunction and hypertension in rats fed with high-fat diet. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700040004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Alterations in gut microbiota associated with a cafeteria diet and the physiological consequences in the host. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 42:746-754. [PMID: 29167556 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gut microbiota have been described as key factors in the pathophysiology of obesity and different components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The cafeteria diet (CAF)-fed rat is a preclinical model that reproduces most of the alterations found in human MetS by simulating a palatable human unbalanced diet. Our objective was to assess the effects of CAF on gut microbiota and their associations with different components of MetS in Wistar rats. METHODS Animals were fed a standard diet or CAF for 12 weeks. A partial least square-based methodology was used to reveal associations between gut microbiota, characterized by 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing, and biochemical, nutritional and physiological parameters. RESULTS CAF feeding resulted in obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. These changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in gut bacterial diversity, decreased Firmicutes and an increase in Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria abundances, which were concomitant with increased endotoxemia. Associations of different genera with the intake of lipids and carbohydrates were opposed from those associated with the intake of fiber. Changes in gut microbiota were also associated with the different physiological effects of CAF, mainly increased adiposity and altered levels of plasma leptin and glycerol, consistent with altered adipose tissue metabolism. Also hepatic lipid accretion was associated with changes in microbiota, highlighting the relevance of gut microbiota homeostasis in the adipose-liver axis. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggest that CAF feeding has a profound impact on the gut microbiome and, in turn, that these changes may be associated with important features of MetS.
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De Oliveira CM, De Oliveira C, Scarabelot VL, Ströher R, Macedo IC, Souza A, Lopes BC, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Hypercaloric diet and chronic stress desynchronizes the temporal pattern of rats’ insulin release. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1395528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cleverson Moraes De Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Carla De Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Vanesssa Leal Scarabelot
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS) – Universidade do Oeste do Paraná – UNIOESTE, Cascavel, Brasil
| | - Roberta Ströher
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Isabel Cristina Macedo
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pampa, São Gabriel, Brasil
| | - Andressa Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Bettega Costa Lopes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Iraci Lucena Silva Torres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e Neuromodulação: Investigações Pré-clínicas, Departamento de Farmacologia – ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Unidade de Experimentação Animal e Grupo de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS) – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brasil
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de Souza ILL, Barros BC, de Oliveira GA, Queiroga FR, Toscano LT, Silva AS, Silva PM, Interaminense LFL, Cavalcante FDA, da Silva BA. Hypercaloric Diet Establishes Erectile Dysfunction in Rat: Mechanisms Underlying the Endothelial Damage. Front Physiol 2017; 8:760. [PMID: 29085300 PMCID: PMC5649200 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive increase in body mass, leading to endothelial damage that may favor the development of erectile dysfunction (ED). ED is defined as the inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection long enough to have a sexual intercourse. In this context, different ED models were developed, however the high price of special animals or the long period to establish the disease has limited studies in this field. Therefore, this study proposed to establish and characterize a novel model of ED in rats associated to a hypercaloric diet consumption. Animals were randomly divided into control group (CG), which received a standard diet, and obese group (OG), fed with a hypercaloric diet during 8 weeks. Rat's erectile function was evaluated in vivo and in vitro. Food and caloric intake of OG were reduced compared to CG, due to an increased diet energy efficiency. However, OG presented an increased body mass, inguinal, retroperitoneal and epididymal adipose tissues, as well as body adiposity index at the end of experimental protocol. In erectile function analysis, there was a decrease in the number and the latency of penile erections in OG. Additionally, the contractile reactivity of corpus cavernosum was increased in OG, favoring penile detumescence and related to a reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and an increased in contractile prostaglandins levels as a consequence of endothelial damage. Moreover, the endothelium-relaxation reactivity of corpus cavernosum was attenuated in OG associated to the oxidative stress. Thus, it was provided a model for advances in sexual dysfunction field and drug discovery for ED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara L. L. de Souza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bárbara C. Barros
- Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando R. Queiroga
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Lydiane T. Toscano
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Alexandre S. Silva
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M. Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana de Andrade Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia A. da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Santos FA, Carvalho KMMB, Batista-Lima FJ, Nunes PIG, Viana AFSC, de Carvalho Almeida da Silva AA, da Cruz Fonseca SG, Chaves MH, Rao VS, Magalhães PJC, de Brito TS. The triterpenoid alpha, beta-amyrin prevents the impaired aortic vascular reactivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:1029-1039. [PMID: 28717838 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To characterize the protective effects of the triterpenoid mixture alpha, beta-amyrin (AMY, 20 mg/kg, during 15 days) on the reactivity of isolated aorta of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Male Swiss mice were fed with HFD or normal diet (ND) for 15 weeks. Contractions of thoracic aorta in response to KCl or phenylephrine (PHE) and relaxation by acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were analyzed. HFD-fed mice developed hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and significant body weight gain, parameters prevented by AMY treatment. Whereas aortic contractility did not differ in response to KCl, contractions induced by PHE (1 μM) as well as relaxation induced by ACh (1-30 μM) or SNP (1 nM-0.1 mM) on PHE-contracted aorta were decreased (p < 0.05) in tissues of HFD compared to ND mice, phenomenon significantly (p < 0.05) diminished in HFD mice treated with AMY. The relaxant actions of ACh and SNP were inhibited (p < 0.05) by tetraethylammonium (TEA, 5 mM), apamin (0.1 μM), and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 3 mM) in aortae from ND group, but not from HFD. Treatment of HFD mice with AMY rescued the inhibitory effect of TEA (p < 0.05) on vasorelaxant actions of ACh and SNP. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) inhibited similarly the relaxant effects of SNP in all groups. 8-Br-cGMP relaxed with similar profile aortae of all groups. By preventing HFD-induced obesity in mice, AMY rescued the blunted contractile response to PHE, and the attenuated vasorelaxation and K+ channel activation (opening) induced by ACh and SNP in isolated aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Almeida Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil.
| | | | - Francisco José Batista-Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Paulo Iury Gomes Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Helena Chaves
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Vietla Satyanarayana Rao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Pedro Jorge Caldas Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Teresinha Silva de Brito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, 60430-270, Brazil
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Asadbegi M, Yaghmaei P, Salehi I, Komaki A, Ebrahim-Habibi A. Investigation of thymol effect on learning and memory impairment induced by intrahippocampal injection of amyloid beta peptide in high fat diet- fed rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:827-839. [PMID: 28255862 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) are known to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we have examined the protective and therapeutic effects of thymol (main monoterpene phenol found in thyme essential oil) on a HFD-fed rat model of AD. Fourty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups:(n = 8 rats/group): group 1, control, consumed an ordinary diet, group 2 consumed a HFD for 8 weeks, then received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via intrahippocampal (IHP) injection, group 3 consumed HFD for 8 weeks, then received beta-amyloid (Aβ)1-42 via IHP injections to induce AD, group 4 consumed HFD for 8 weeks, then received Aβ1-42, and was treated by thymol (30 mg/kg in sunflower oil) daily for 4 weeks, and group 5 consumed HFD for 8 week, then received Aβ1-42 after what sunflower oil was administered by oral gavage daily for 4 weeks. Biochemical tests showed an impaired lipid profile and higher glucose levels upon consumption of HFD, which was ameliorated by thymol treatment. In behavioral results, spatial memory in group 3 was significantly impaired, but groups treated with thymol showed better spatial memory compared to group 3 (p ≤ 0.01). In histological results, formation of Aβ plaque in hippocampus of group 3 increased significantly compared to group 1 and group 2 (p ≤ 0.05), but group 4 showed decreased Aβ plaques compared to group 3 (p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, thymol decreased the effects of Aβ on memory and could be considered as neuroprotective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Asadbegi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehreh Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ebrahim-Habibi
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1411413137, Iran.
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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