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Popa AD, Niță O, Caba L, Gherasim A, Graur M, Mihalache L, Arhire LI. From the Sun to the Cell: Examining Obesity through the Lens of Vitamin D and Inflammation. Metabolites 2023; 14:4. [PMID: 38276294 PMCID: PMC10820276 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity affects more than one billion people worldwide and often leads to cardiometabolic chronic comorbidities. It induces senescence-related alterations in adipose tissue, and senescence is closely linked to obesity. Fully elucidating the pathways through which vitamin D exerts anti-inflammatory effects may improve our understanding of local adipose tissue inflammation and the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. In this narrative review, we compiled and analyzed the literature from diverse academic sources, focusing on recent developments to provide a comprehensive overview of the effect of vitamin D on inflammation associated with obesity and senescence. The article reveals that the activation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) and NLRP3 inflammasome (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing, pyrin domain-containing-3) pathways through the toll-like receptors, which increases oxidative stress and cytokine release, is a common mechanism underlying inflammation associated with obesity and senescence, and it discusses the potential beneficial effect of vitamin D in alleviating the development of subclinical inflammation. Investigating the main target cells and pathways of vitamin D action in adipose tissue could help uncover complex mechanisms of obesity and cellular senescence. This review summarizes significant findings related to opportunities for improving metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Delia Popa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Otilia Niță
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Lavinia Caba
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Andreea Gherasim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Mariana Graur
- Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University “Ștefan cel Mare” of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
| | - Laura Mihalache
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
| | - Lidia Iuliana Arhire
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.D.P.); (A.G.); (L.M.); (L.I.A.)
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Yousef S, Papadimitropoulos M, Faris M, Hasan H, Hossain A, Colman I, Manuel D, Wells GA. Melanin levels in relation to vitamin D among first-generation immigrants from different ethnic groups and origins: A comparative national Canadian cross-sectional study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:992554. [PMID: 36698822 PMCID: PMC9868151 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.992554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immigrants to Western countries tend to have darker skin than native-born populations. We examined the relationship between skin melanin and serum vitamin D (vitD) [S-25(OH)D] levels and explored whether melanin levels explained S-25(OH)D variations between immigrants and native-born Canadians. This study offers novel findings as no such study has been conducted. Methods We used a national cross-sectional population-based design with data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS). Skin melanin levels among first-generation immigrants based on their ethnicity and origin/country of birth were compared with white and native-born populations. We assessed the association between S-25(OH)D and melanin after adjusting for independent variables related to S-25(OH)D, melanin level, and immigration status. Results Of 11,579 participants, 21.9% were immigrants aged 3-79 years (mean age 39.23 years). Compared with non-immigrants, immigrants had lower S-25(OH)D levels (mean: 51.23 vs. 62.72; 95% CI: 8.37, 14.62; P < 0.001) but higher melanin levels (mean [SE]: 17.08 [0.25] vs. 16.29 [0.29]; 95% CI: -1.29, -0.281; P = 0.004). Melanin did not differ by length of stay in Canada but was weakly positively correlated (r = 0.088, P < 0.001) with S-25(OH)D. Sex (male), age (≥18 years), summer/fall seasons, sunlight exposure, sunscreen non-use, smoking, and alcohol consumption were associated with higher melanin levels, whereas indoor tanning use was not. Conclusion Skin melanin levels were associated with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Immigrants had higher melanin levels, but melanin did not differ by length of stay in Canada. The weak positive correlation between melanin and S-25(OH)D suggested confounding factors may impact the relationship between melanin levels, S-25(OH)D, and immigration status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Yousef
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Said Yousef,
| | - Manny Papadimitropoulos
- Eli Lilly Canada Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - MoezAlIslam Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayder Hasan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas Manuel
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - George A. Wells
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada,Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Yousef S, Colman I, Papadimitropoulos M, Manuel D, Hossain A, Faris M, Wells GA. Vitamin D and Chronic Diseases among First-Generation Immigrants: A Large-Scale Study Using Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) Data. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091760. [PMID: 35565728 PMCID: PMC9099619 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nearly 22% of the Canadian population are first-generation immigrants. We investigated immigrants’ health status and health deterioration over time in terms of the prevalence of chronic diseases (CDs) and their relationship to vitD status. Methods: We used cycles three (2012–2013) and four (2014–2015) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. These data contained unique health information and direct physical/blood measures, including serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D). Indicators of health status and deterioration were the prevalence of CDs diagnosed by healthcare professionals, self-reported general and mental health, and CD-related biomarkers. Results: The data (n = 11,579) included immigrants from more than 153 countries. Immigrants were healthier than non-immigrants for most health status measures. The prevalence of CDs was higher among those who migrated to Canada aged ≥ 18 years. A longer time in Canada after immigration was associated with a higher risk for CDs. The mean S-25(OH)D was lower among immigrants, higher among patients with CDs, and inversely associated with glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio, immunoglobulin E, serum ferritin, and blood hemoglobin. After adjusting for covariates, no association was found between S-25(OH)D and the prevalence of CDs. Conclusions: Lower levels of accumulated S-25(OH)D among immigrants may impact their health profile in terms of CD-related biomarkers, which partially explains immigrants’ health deterioration over time. We recommend further longitudinal research to investigate immigrants’ vitD and health deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Yousef
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Ian Colman
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
| | - Manny Papadimitropoulos
- Eli Lilly Canada Inc., Toronto, ON M5X 1B1, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Douglas Manuel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada;
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - MoezAlIslam Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - George A. Wells
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
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Relationship between the double burden of malnutrition and mental health in overweight and obese adult women. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e12. [PMID: 35291277 PMCID: PMC8889085 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-existence of overweight or obesity with concurrent deficiency of one or more nutrients is referred to as double burden of malnutrition (DBM), and numerous mental health impairments have been associated with a variety of nutrient deficiencies. Although DBM is relevant for several health outcomes, the ubiquitous involvement of vitamin D across multiple systems and tissues suggests D insufficiency as a viable target for nutritional modification. The present study aimed to evaluate the contribution of DBM and mental health among adult women. Study participants included 300 women, aged 18–59 years, who presented to one of the 25 health centres in Tehran. Participants with a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 25 kg/m2 and a plasma concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] of >20 ng/ml were considered to have DBM. The 147-item food frequency questionnaire was used to estimate their dietary intake. Mental health status was assessed using the depression, anxiety and stress scales-21 (DASS-21). The mean ± standard deviation age, weight and BMI of the participants were 36⋅49 ± 8⋅38, 80⋅89 ± 12⋅45 kg and 31⋅04 ± 4⋅31 kg/m2, respectively. DBM was significantly associated with stress, after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, energy and marital status in model 1 (OR = 1⋅28, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1⋅00, 1⋅65, P < 0⋅04) v. the crude model (OR = 1⋅22; 95 % CI 0⋅96, 1⋅55, P = 0⋅09). No significant association was seen among DBM and DASS-21 outcomes. In this cross-sectional study, stress and DBM were significantly associated. While vitamin D insufficiency was associated with mental health and obesity in opposing directions. Elucidation of whether vitamin D supplementation can improve mental health impairments requires further evaluation.
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Vitamin D and the risk of treatment-resistant and atypical depression: A Mendelian randomization study. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:561. [PMID: 34737282 PMCID: PMC8568901 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational evidence has implicated vitamin D levels as a risk factor in major depressive disorder (MDD). Confounding or reverse causation may be driving these observed associations, with studies using genetics indicating little evidence of an effect. However, genetic studies have relied on broad definitions of depression. The genetic architecture of different depression subtypes may vary since MDD is a highly heterogenous condition, implying potentially diverging requirements in therapeutic approaches. We explored the associations between vitamin D and two subtypes of MDD, for which evidence of a causal link could have the greatest clinical benefits: treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and atypical depression (AD). We used a dual approach, combining observational data with genetic evidence from polygenic risk scores (PRS) and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), in the UK Biobank. There was some evidence of a weak association between vitamin D and both incident TRD (Ncases = 830) and AD (Ncases = 2366) in observational analyses, which largely attenuated when adjusting for confounders. Genetic evidence from PRS and two-sample MR, did not support a causal link between vitamin D and either TRD (Ncases = 1891, OR = 1.01 [95%CI 0.78, 1.31]) or AD (Ncases = 2101, OR = 1.04 [95%CI 0.80, 1.36]). Our comprehensive investigations indicated some evidence of an association between vitamin D and TRD/AD observationally, but little evidence of association when using PRS and MR, mirroring findings of genetic studies of vitamin D on broad depression phenotypes. Results do not support further clinical trials of vitamin D in these MDD subtypes but do not rule out that small effects may exist that require larger samples to detect.
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Dewansingh P, Reckman GAR, Mijlius CF, Krijnen WP, van der Schans CP, Jager-Wittenaar H, van den Heuvel EGHM. Protein, Calcium, Vitamin D Intake and 25(OH)D Status in Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718658. [PMID: 34568405 PMCID: PMC8461258 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is often accompanied by increase in body weight. Older adults with overweight or obesity might have an overconsumption in energy that is accompanied by inadequate intake of protein, vitamin D, and calcium. It is unclear if intake of protein and vitamin D and calcium is sufficient in older adults with overweight/obesity, and whether it differs from older adults with normal weight, since a recent overview of the literature review is lacking. Therefore, we systematically analyzed the current evidence on differences in nutrient intake/status of protein, vitamin D and calcium between older adults with different body mass index (BMI) categories. Randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies were identified from PubMed and EMBASE. Studies reporting nutrient intake/status in older adults aged ≥50 years with overweight/obesity and studies comparing between overweight/obesity and normal weight were included. Nutrient intake/status baseline values were reviewed and when possible calculated for one BMI category (single-group meta-analysis), or compared between BMI categories (meta-analysis). Nutrient intake/status was compared with international recommendations. Mean protein (N = 8) and calcium intake (N = 5) was 0.98 gram/kilogram body weight/day (g/kg/d) [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.89-1.08] and 965 mg [95% CI: 704-1225] in overweight/obese. Vitamin D intake was insufficient in all BMI categories (N = 5). The pooled mean for vitamin D intake was 6 ug [95% CI 4-9]. For 25(OH)D, the pooled mean was 54 nmol/L [95% CI 45-62], 52 nmol/L [95% CI 46-58], and 48 nmol/l [95% CI 33-62] in normal (N = 7), combined overweight and obese (N = 12), and obese older adults (N = 4), respectively. In conclusion, older adults with overweight and obesity have a borderline sufficient protein and sufficient calcium intake, but insufficient vitamin D intake. The 25(OH)D concentration is deficient for the obese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Dewansingh
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerlof A. R. Reckman
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Caspar F. Mijlius
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wim P. Krijnen
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Cees P. van der Schans
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Health Psychology Research, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harriët Jager-Wittenaar
- Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Alharazy S, Alissa E, Lanham-New S, Naseer MI, Chaudhary AG, Robertson MD. Association between vitamin D and glycaemic parameters in a multi-ethnic cohort of postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:162. [PMID: 34380489 PMCID: PMC8359582 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00825-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between vitamin D (VitD) and insulin sensitivity and secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) has been shown to be different amongst different ethnic populations. In Saudi Arabia, where both T2D and VitD deficiency are highly prevalent health concerns, little is known about the relationship between VitD, insulin sensitivity, resistance and the relative importance of ethnicity. Our primary aim in this study was to investigate influence of ethnicity on VitD association with glycaemic profile and to measures of obesity as a secondary outcome, among multiethnic postmenopausal women with T2D in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Postmenopausal females (n = 173, age ≥ 50 years) with T2D were randomly selected in this study. Anthropometric measures and fasting blood samples were obtained for all study participants. Several biochemical parameters were measured including 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, glucose and c-peptide. Surrogate markers for insulin resistance were calculated using Homeostasis Model Assessment 2 for insulin resistance and beta cell activity (HOMA2-IR, HOMA2-β). RESULTS Overall, 25(OH)D was inversely associated with fasting glucose (r=-0.165, P = 0.037), insulin (r=-0.184, P = 0.02), C-peptide (r=-0.19, P = 0.015) and HOMA2- IR C-peptide (r=-0.23, P = 0.004). Additionally, serum 25 (OH)D showed a negative correlation with body weight (r=-0.173 P = 0.028), waist and hip circumferences (r=-0.167, P = 0.033; r=-0.22, P = 0.004 respectively) but not with body mass index (BMI) or waist hip ratio (WHR). In the white ethnic group but not in black or Asian population groups, 25(OH)D level was also associated with only serum fasting C-peptide and HOMA2-IR C-peptide and BMI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Insulin resistance and obesity were associated with VitD status in T2D in this cohort. Our findings also suggest that these VitD associations in women from white ethnic background are different than in those from black/Asian ethnic backgrounds. Whether VitD supplements are able to improve either obesity and/or insulin sensitivity should be further investigated in different ethnic population groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Alharazy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Alissa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susan Lanham-New
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Muhammad Imran Naseer
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G. Chaudhary
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Denise Robertson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Yousef S, Manuel D, Colman I, Papadimitropoulos M, Hossain A, Faris M, Wells GA. Vitamin D Status among First-Generation Immigrants from Different Ethnic Groups and Origins: An Observational Study Using the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Nutrients 2021; 13:2702. [PMID: 34444863 PMCID: PMC8400966 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One in five Canadians are first-generation immigrants. Evidence suggests the baseline risk for vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is increased among immigrants who move from equatorial to northern countries. We investigated the prevalence and determinants of vitD deficiency/insufficiency among first-generation immigrants compared with native-born Canadians and identified explanatory covariables. We used a cross-sectional design with data from the national Canadian Health Measures Survey (Cycles 3 and 4) (11,579 participants aged 3-79 years). We assessed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) levels, sociodemographic and environmental factors, immigration status, length of time in Canada, vitD-rich food intake, ethnicity, and place of birth. Immigrants had lower mean S-25(OH)D than non-immigrants (51.23 vs. 62.72 nmol/L, p < 0.001). Those with younger age at the time of immigration (<18 years) had a high risk for low vitD, and S-25(OH)D levels increased with the length of time they had lived in Canada. The highest deficiency levels were in immigrants born in Morocco, India, and Lebanon compared with native-born Canadians. Ethnicity was the factor most strongly associated with S-25(OH)D. Compared with the white ethnic grouping, the Japanese had the highest level of vitD deficiency, followed by Arabs and Southeast Asians. Ethnic variations, dietary intake, and lifestyle factors are the main predictors of/explanatory factors for vitD status among Canadian immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Yousef
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Douglas Manuel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada;
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
| | - Manny Papadimitropoulos
- Eli Lilly Canada Inc., Toronto, ON M5X 1B1, Canada;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - MoezAlIslam Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences/Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences (RIMHS), University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; or
| | - George A. Wells
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (I.C.); (A.H.); (G.A.W.)
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
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Xiao J, Lv J, Wang S, Zhou Y, Chen L, Lu J, Zhang X, Wang X, Gu Y, Lu Q. Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a one sample Mendelian randomization study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:391. [PMID: 34187381 PMCID: PMC8244233 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components. However, it is unclear whether a low concentration of vitamin D is the cause or consequence of these health conditions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the association of vitamin D concentrations and its genetic risk scores (GRSs) with MS and its component diseases, such as T2D, in middle-aged and elderly participants from rural eastern China. Methods A subset of 2393 middle-aged and elderly individuals were selected from 70,458 participants of the Nantong Chronic Diseases Study of 2017–2018 in China. We used two 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) synthesis single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (DHCR7-rs12785878 and CYP2R1-rs10741657) and two 25(OH) D metabolism SNPs (GC-rs2282679 and CYP24A1-rs6013897) for creating GRSs, which were used as instrumental variables to assess the effect of genetically lowered 25(OH) D concentrations on MS and T2D based on the Wald ratio. F statistics were used to validate that the four SNPs genetically determined 25(OH) D concentrations. Results Compared to vitamin D sufficient individuals, individuals with vitamin D insufficiency had an odds ratio (OR [95% confidence interval {CI}]) of MS of 1.30 (1.06–1.61) and of T2D of 1.32 (1.08–1.64), individuals with vitamin D deficiency had an ORs (95% CI) of MS of 1.50 (1.24–1.79) and of T2D of 1.47 (1.12–1.80), and those with vitamin D severe deficiency had an ORs (95% CI) of MS of 1.52 (1.29–1.85) and of T2D of 1.54 (1.27–1.85). Mendelian randomization analysis showed a 25-nmol/L decrease in genetically instrumented serum 25(OH) D concentrations using the two synthesis SNPs (DHCR7 and CYP2R1 genes) associated with the risk of T2D and abnormal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with ORs of 1.10 (95%CI: 1.02–1.45) for T2D and 1.14 (95%CI: 1.03–1.43) for DBP. Conclusions This one sample Mendelian randomization analysis shows genetic evidence for a causal role of lower 25(OH) D concentrations in promoting of T2D and abnormal DBP in middle-aged and elderly participants from rural China. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-021-02307-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 226019
| | - Jingyi Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 226019
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 226019
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 226019
| | - Lunwen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 226019
| | - Juying Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.20 Xisi Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 226001
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.20 Xisi Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 226001
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Department of Chronic Disease and Prevention, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Haian, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 226600
| | - Yunjuan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, No.20 Xisi Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 226001.
| | - Qingyun Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Nantong University, No.9 Seyuan Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong, Jiangsu, P.R. China, 226019.
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10
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Neville JJ, Palmieri T, Young AR. Physical Determinants of Vitamin D Photosynthesis: A Review. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10460. [PMID: 33553995 PMCID: PMC7839826 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D synthesis by exposure of skin to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) provides the majority of this hormone that is essential for bone development and maintenance but may be important for many other health outcomes. This process, which is the only well-established benefit of solar UVR exposure, depends on many factors including genetics, age, health, and behavior. However, the most important factor is the quantity and quality of UVR reaching the skin. Vitamin D synthesis specifically requires ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that is the minority component (<5%) of solar UVR. This waveband is also the most important for the adverse effects of solar exposure. The most obvious of which is sunburn (erythema), but UVB is also the main cause of DNA damage to the skin that is a prerequisite for most skin cancers. UVB at the Earth's surface depends on many physical and temporal factors such as latitude, altitude, season, and weather. Personal, cultural, and behavioral factors are also important. These include skin melanin, clothing, body surface area exposed, holiday habits, and sunscreen use. There is considerable disagreement in the literature about the role of some of these factors, possibly because some studies have been done by researchers with little understanding of photobiology. It can be argued that vitamin D supplementation obviates the need for solar exposure, but many studies have shown little benefit from this approach for a wide range of health outcomes. There is also increasing evidence that such exposure offers health benefits independently of vitamin D: the most important of which is blood-pressure reduction. In any case, public health advice must optimize risk versus benefit for solar exposure. It is fortunate that the individual UVB doses necessary for maintaining optimal vitamin D status are lower than those for sunburn, irrespective of skin melanin. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Neville
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences King's College London London United Kingdom
| | - Tommaso Palmieri
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences King's College London London United Kingdom
| | - Antony R Young
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences King's College London London United Kingdom
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11
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Does vitamin D deficiency increase the risk of obesity in adults and the elderly? A systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Public Health 2021; 190:123-131. [PMID: 33453688 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epidemiological studies indicate an association between vitamin D deficiency and obesity. However, there is no consistent evidence of the direction or causal relationship between these conditions. Thus, we analysed the longitudinal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and obesity/adiposity in different age groups. STUDY DESIGN This study was a systematic review with PROSPERO registry (CRD42016047523). METHODS Electronic searches were undertaken in Lilacs, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus and Web of Science databases until April 2020. For each study, we collected the frequency of vitamin D deficiency and obesity. RESULTS In total, 5071 articles were identified and 8 were ultimately included in this systematic review. Five cohort studies involved adults, two of which recorded a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and obesity. The other three studies found a borderline or null association between vitamin D deficiency and obesity. Three studies investigated the elderly population; two of these recorded an association between vitamin D and greater adiposity, and one study recorded that 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels ≥30 ng/ml were associated with less weight gain in the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This review reports that the majority of studies included show that vitamin D deficiency can contribute to the occurrence of obesity in adults and the elderly. It is recommended that prospective studies are conducted, with varying age groups and weather conditions, designed to test the longitudinal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and obesity outcomes.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE No recent large studies have described the distribution of vitamin D status in the UK. Understanding the epidemiology of vitamin D deficiency is important to inform targeted public health recommendations. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of factors associated with serum vitamin D status in a large national cohort. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING The UK Biobank, a prospective cohort study following the health and well-being of middle-aged and older adults recruited between 2006 and 2010. PARTICIPANTS A total of 449 943 participants aged 40-69 years with measured serum vitamin D status were eligible for the analysis. Participants completed a questionnaire about sex, age, ethnic background, vitamin D supplementation, smoking, drinking and socioeconomic status. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES We investigated the distribution of serum vitamin D status and the association between demographic factors and vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level <25 nmol/L. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between demographic factors and vitamin D status. RESULTS Asian (n=4297/8000, 53.7%) and black (n=2459/7046, 34.9%) participants had a higher proportion of vitamin D deficiency than white participants (n=50 920/422 907, 12%). During spring and winter, the proportion of vitamin D deficiency was higher across the UK and higher in the north than in the south. Male sex, abnormal body mass index, non-white ethnic backgrounds, smoking and being more socioeconomically deprived were associated with higher odds of vitamin D deficiency. Increasing age, taking vitamin D supplements and drinking alcohol were associated with lower odds of deficiency. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D status varied among different ethnic groups and by season and geographical area within the UK. Taking supplements was associated with a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency. These findings support the vitamin D supplementation recommendations of Public Health England.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Lin
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | - Liam Smeeth
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | - Sinead Langan
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
| | - Charlotte Warren-Gash
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London, UK
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13
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da Silva AB, do Carmo TS, Souza AP, Silva MR, Fernandes MS, Souza VO, Barros WM. The role of serum levels of vitamin D in children's muscle strength: A systematic review. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e3200. [PMID: 34550211 PMCID: PMC8420842 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to investigate the different levels of vitamin D and its role in muscle strength in healthy children and non-athletes. A search conducted in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Psycinfo) resulted in 655 articles, which were systematically analyzed and selected based on the following criteria: (a) original cross-sectional studies and clinical trials; (b) healthy children aged 5-11 years; (c) no language restriction or year of publication; and (d) studies that assessed the possible relationship between vitamin D levels and muscle strength. Six studies were included because they met all the inclusion criteria. According to the findings of this review, factors such as sex, skin color, and vitamin D supplementation early in life modulate the levels of vitamin D in the body, and there is a relationship between muscle strength and vitamin D levels. Interestingly, vitamin D supplementation is not always significantly associated with increased muscle grip strength. However, there is a scarcity of studies that aim to analyze the possible effects of different levels of vitamin D on muscle function and neuromuscular variables in physically inactive children and non-athletes without previously diagnosed disease. Further studies are warranted in the future to address the gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B.J. da Silva
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Taciane S. do Carmo
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
| | - Ana P.S. Souza
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
| | - Mariluce R.M. Silva
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
| | - Matheus S.S. Fernandes
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
| | - Viviane O.N. Souza
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Academico Vitoria, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
| | - Waleska M.A. Barros
- Programa de Pos-graduacao em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, BR
- Centro Universitario Facol / Centro Integrado de Tecnologias em Neurociencia (CITENC), Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, BR
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Akbay GD, Karakullukçu E, Mutlu AA. A Controlled Descriptive Study to Determine the Nutritional Status and Biochemical Parameters of Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Neurol India 2020; 68:867-874. [PMID: 32859830 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.293462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background There is an ongoing research on the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is still unclear whether nutritional status and biochemical parameters such as serum 25(OH)D, magnesium, and potassium influence the development of disease. Aims This study aimed to make contributions to the literature in terms of the recognition of MS by comparing nutritional status and biochemical information of people with and without MS. Materials and Methods The study was designed as a controlled descriptive study. Total of 112 individuals were included (control group, n = 56 and MS group, n = 56). Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, nutritional status, and biochemical information were collected from the participants. A decision tree model was built to evaluate the impact of these parameters on the presence of MS. The parameters were compared using Student's t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results A decision tree model having an accuracy rate of 86.52% was constructed. Strong statistical differences were observed among the vitamin and mineral intakes of the groups. In terms of biochemical parameters, especially for serum levels of 25(OH)D and potassium, the differences were significantly different (P < 0.001). Conclusions Constructed decision tree indicated that the main parameters differed between an MS patient and a healthy person were as follows: serum levels of 25(OH)D, magnesium, calcium, and intakes of potassium and carbohydrate. Based on the findings of this study, nutritional precautions might be taken against MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsen Delikanli Akbay
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Karakullukçu
- Department of Statistics and Computer Sciences, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Aslı Akyol Mutlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Sepandi M, Esmailzadeh S, Hosseini MS, Hashemi SR, Abbaszadeh S, Alimohamadi Y, Taghdir M. <p>Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency Among Iranian Pregnant Women</p>. NUTRITION AND DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 2020. [DOI: 10.2147/nds.s261229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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16
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de Oliveira LF, de Azevedo LG, da Mota Santana J, de Sales LPC, Pereira-Santos M. Obesity and overweight decreases the effect of vitamin D supplementation in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2020; 21:67-76. [PMID: 31832878 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with vitamin D deficiency (VitD), which are both important health problems. Reduced serum vitamin D levels has been registered in all phases of life and is commonly associated with the genesis of overweight and obesity. Thus, the objective of this review with meta-analysis was to investigate and evidence the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D. Interventional studies were searched for in 5 databases, without restriction of publication date or language. The absolute mean difference was used as a summary measure of the selected studies. A total of 2370 studies were identified, of which 18 descriptive articles were eligible - based on criteria and variables of selection and exclusion. Then the data were synthesized and submitted to meta-analysis. The results evidence that after supplementation individuals with obesity presented increased serum vitamin D 39.83 nmol/L (95% CI: 34.06-45.61) in relation to the control/placebo group. However, the obese state decreased serum vitamin D concentration by -38.17 nmol/L (95% CI: -59.90/-16.44) compared to the normal weight group. In addition, increasing the dose of VitD supplementation does not appear to contribute significantly to increased serum VitD levels. The study observed that obesity in adults reduced the effect of vitamin D supplementation. Therefore, research should be developed on the optimal dose of vitamin D supplementation for people with obesity.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO number CRD42018091.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Fonseca de Oliveira
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcos Pereira-Santos
- Collective Health Institute, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Basílio da Gama, s/n, Campus Universitário do Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-040, Brazil.
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17
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Esmaili H, Heshmat R, Ejtahed HS, Rastad H, Motlagh ME, Asayesh H, Jafarnejad M, Seif E, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level With Metabolic Phenotypes of Obesity in Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-V Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:310. [PMID: 32612573 PMCID: PMC7308554 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Different metabolic phenotypes of obesity are related to cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Vitamin D, as one important factor, could be related to different subgroups of metabolic obesity and might affect metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and subsets of metabolic phenotypes of obesity in children and adolescents. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted in the framework of the fifth survey of a national surveillance program, the CASPIAN study. Overall, 2,594 students aged 7-18 years were assessed for 25-hydroxyvitamin D status. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the ATP III criteria modified for the pediatric age group. Participants were classified into four metabolic phenotypes of obesity according to categories of the BMI and metabolic status: "metabolically healthy obese" (MHO), "metabolically non-healthy non-obese" (MNHNO), "metabolically non-healthy obese" (MNHO), and "metabolically healthy non-obese" (MHNO). Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed for evaluating the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D status with different metabolic phenotypes of obesity. Results: In this study, 85.2% of participants were classified as MHNO, 11.0 % as MHO, 2.5% as MNHNO, and 1.3% as MNHO. The frequency of hypovitaminosis D was more prevalent in MNHO (85.3%) than in other phenotypes (MHNO: 70%; MHO: 76.5%; MNHNO: 78.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). In the multivariate model, hypovitaminosis D significantly increased the odds of being MHO (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.07-1.77) and MNHO (OR: 2.89; 1.05-8.31) compared to the healthy group. Likewise, in multivariate model, per each unit (ng/mL) increment in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, the odds of MNHNO and MNHO decreased significantly by 7% (OR: 0.93; 0.91-0.96) and 6% (OR: 0.94; 0.91-0.98) respectively. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is associated with metabolic obesity phenotypes. Longitudinal studies are necessary to assess the clinical impacts of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Esmaili
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadith Rastad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jafarnejad
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ehsan Seif
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Epidemiology, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mostafa Qorbani
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Pediatrics Department, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Roya Kelishadi
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Yousef S, Elliott J, Manuel D, Colman I, Papadimitropoulos M, Hossain A, Leclair N, Wells GA. Study protocol: Worldwide comparison of vitamin D status of immigrants from different ethnic origins and native-born populations-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2019; 8:211. [PMID: 31439035 PMCID: PMC6706882 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature indicates that, worldwide, immigrants experience health deterioration after their arrival into their adopted country, and moreover, they have lower vitamin D compared to the native-born population. We plan to review if the levels of vitamin D are comparable between different ethnic groups in different regions of the world with those of native-born populations and to identify the possible associations between vitamin D deficiency and disease status among immigrants. METHODS/DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis will be conducted following the methods of the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews. A literature search was performed to identify studies on immigrants and vitamin D. The primary outcome is vitamin D levels, and the secondary outcome is any vitamin D deficiency-related disease. Study design and participant characteristics will be extracted, including ethnicity, country of birth and/or origin, and the host country. Descriptive and meta-analytic summaries of the outcomes will be derived. Distiller-SR and RevMan will be used respectively for data management and meta-analysis. DISCUSSION This systematic review may partially help clarify vitamin D-related health deterioration in migrants; moreover, to develop a global guideline that specifies sub-populations, in which the evidence and vitamin D-related recommendations might differ from the overall immigrant population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018086729.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Yousef
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Jesse Elliott
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas Manuel
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa and Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Manny Papadimitropoulos
- Eli Lilly Canada Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alomgir Hossain
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Ottawa and Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalie Leclair
- Berkman Library, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - George A Wells
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Methods Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Valer-Martinez A, Martinez JA, Sayon-Orea C, Galvano F, Grosso G, Bes-Rastrollo M. Vitamin D and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors in Overweight Adults: An Overview of the Evidence. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2407-2420. [PMID: 31333117 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190722103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested a potential association between low vitamin D serum levels and several pathological conditions apart from the well-known bone disorders. Thus, vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to cardiometabolic risk factors including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, as well as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE This review intends to provide an overview of recent evidence from clinical studies on vitamin D [25- hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)] and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight adults. Furthermore, we also discussed potential mechanisms and limits of the retrieved results. METHODS The search process was based on the selection of publications (RCT) listed in PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. RESULTS Vitamin D status evidenced an inversely strong association with subcutaneous adipose tissue and visceral adiposity, but not significantly related to other bodyweight measures (i.e., body mass index). Studies have shown a potential inverse association of hypovitaminosis D with insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSION The mechanisms by which vitamin D deficiency enhances adiposity, as well as putative association with metabolic syndrome features, remain still unclear. Further investigation would be required to conclude whether vitamin D has an independent role in preventing cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valer-Martinez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology/Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNa, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,Institute IMDEA Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayon-Orea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNa, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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The lullaby of the sun: the role of vitamin D in sleep disturbance. Sleep Med 2019; 54:262-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Vaishya R, Vijay V, Lama P, Agarwal A. Does vitamin D deficiency influence the incidence and progression of knee osteoarthritis? - A literature review. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019; 10:9-15. [PMID: 30705525 PMCID: PMC6349580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D has been believed to have a bearing in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis (OA). This study was done to search the literature and review the correlation between vitamin D levels in knee OA in the adult population and the outcome of vitamin D supplementation in knee OA. METHODS An exhaustive search of Pub Med and Cochrane library database was done with keywords vitamin D, knee and osteoarthritis for a period from Jan 2005 to December 2015. All Randomized Control Trials (RCT), Cohort, Case-control, cross-sectional studies were included in the present systematic review. RESULTS The search resulted in a total of 86 studies; out of which 11 studies were included in the current review. There were two Randomized Control Trial (RCT), one case-control, four cross-sectional and four cohort studies. These studies comprised of a total of 5137 participants (ranging from 46 to 1248) Our results suggested there was a moderate evidence of positive association in vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and progression of radiographic OA (ROA), as assessed by Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) grading. However, VDD was not associated with the incidence of ROA and MRI-detected change in focal cartilage defect. However, this study has a limited evidence for a positive correlation in VDD and the cartilage volume loss. There was also limited evidence showing no role of vitamin D therapy in reducing cartilage volume loss and knee pain in Knee OA. CONCLUSION The VDD is common and has been associated with knee OA, in an adult population. However, there is still inconsistent evidence regarding the prevention of incidence and progression of ROA after vitamin D therapy. There is a need for multicentric and well-conducted randomized studies with larger samples to conclude the positive effect of Vitamin D therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vipul Vijay
- Corresponding author at: Room no 1210, Department of Orthopaedics, Joint Replacement & Arthroscopy, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, 110076, India.
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Physical activity but not sedentary time is associated with vitamin D status in adolescents: study of cardiovascular risk in adolescents (ERICA). Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:432-440. [PMID: 29789711 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The association between active lifestyle components and vitamin D status in adolescents remains relatively unexplored. We aimed to investigate independent and joint associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and screen time with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in adolescents. METHODS This multicenter cross-sectional study involved 1152 Brazilian adolescents (age 12-17 years). Serum 25(OH)D was measured in a single laboratory and categorized as ≤20, 21-29, or ≥30 ng/mL. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were assessed by self-reports. Ordered logistic regression was used to investigate potential associations of being physically active (MVPA ≥ 300 min/week) and excessive screen time (>2 h/day) with serum 25(OH)D concentrations. RESULTS The prevalence of higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations (≥30 ng/mL) was 36.4%. In adjusted models, being physically active was associated with higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations only in boys [proportional odds ratio (POR) = 2.04, 95% CI 1.42-2.93], while excessive screen time was not associated with serum 25(OH)D. Adolescents who were physically active and limited their screen time had higher odds of a higher serum 25(OH)D concentration, but the association was significant only for boys (POR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.19-3.74). CONCLUSIONS MVPA may play an important role in increasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations in adolescence, especially for boys, regardless of screen time.
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Shih BB, Farrar MD, Cooke MS, Osman J, Langton AK, Kift R, Webb AR, Berry JL, Watson REB, Vail A, de Gruijl FR, Rhodes LE. Fractional Sunburn Threshold UVR Doses Generate Equivalent Vitamin D and DNA Damage in Skin Types I-VI but with Epidermal DNA Damage Gradient Correlated to Skin Darkness. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2244-2252. [PMID: 29730334 PMCID: PMC6158343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Public health guidance recommends limiting sun exposure to sub-sunburn levels, but it is unknown whether these can gain vitamin D (for musculoskeletal health) while avoiding epidermal DNA damage (initiates skin cancer). Well-characterized healthy humans of all skin types (I–VI, lightest to darkest skin) were exposed to a low-dose series of solar simulated UVR of 20%–80% their individual sunburn threshold dose (minimal erythema dose). Significant UVR dose responses were seen for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and whole epidermal cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), with as little as 0.2 minimal erythema dose concurrently producing 25-hydroxyvitamin D and CPD. Fractional MEDs generated equivalent levels of whole epidermal CPD and 25-hydroxyvitamin D across all skin types. Crucially, we showed an epidermal gradient of CPD formation strongly correlated with skin darkness (r = 0.74, P < 0.0001), which reflected melanin content and showed increasing protection across the skin types, ranging from darkest skin, where high CPD levels occurred superficially, with none in the germinative basal layer, to lightest skin, where CPD levels were induced evenly across the epidermal depth. People with darker skin can be encouraged to use sub-sunburn UVR-exposure to enhance their vitamin D. In people with lighter skin, basal cell damage occurs concurrent with vitamin D synthesis at exquisitely low UVR levels, providing an explanation for their high skin cancer incidence; greater caution is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara B Shih
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark D Farrar
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Marcus S Cooke
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joanne Osman
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Abigail K Langton
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard Kift
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ann R Webb
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jacqueline L Berry
- Specialist Assay Laboratory, The University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andy Vail
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Frank R de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lesley E Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester and Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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Vitamin D supplementation and body fat mass: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1345-1357. [PMID: 29563638 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies have indicated that 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level in obese is lower than normal weight subjects; however, results of studies that investigated relationship between 25(OH)D and fat mass are inconsistent. In addition, several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have studied the influence of cholecalciferol supplement on percentage fat mass (PFM) but their results are conflicting. The objectives were to investigate the association between vitamin D3 and PFM pooling together observational studies and RCTs. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Scopus were comprehensively searched from inception to September 2016. The Fisher's Z (SE) of correlation coefficient and mean (SD) of changes in PFM from baseline were used to perform meta-analysis in observational studies and RCTs, respectively. To determine potential source of heterogeneity, subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted. Pooling correlation coefficients showed an inverse association between PFM (Fisher's Z: - 0.24, 95% CI: - 0.30 to -0 .18) and FM (Fisher's Z: - 0.32, 95% CI: - 0.43 to - 0.22) and 25(OH)D. Subgroup analysis revealed continent but not gender influence on the effect size. Meta-regression analysis indicated that age, latitude, and longitude are not sources of heterogeneity. Combining trials showed vitamin D3 supplementation had a mild but insignificant effect on PFM (- 0.31%, 95% CI: - 1.07 to 0.44). Subgroup analyses indicated that type of cholecalciferol and treatment regimens explain source of heterogeneity. Age, baseline body mass index, dose of cholecalciferol, length of study, female (%), and baseline 25(OH)D are not source of heterogeneity. In conclusion, our results state that 25(OH)D level is inversely correlated with PFM but cholecalciferol supplementation had no effect on PFM.
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The effect of maternal vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy on body fat and adipogenesis in rat offspring. Sci Rep 2018; 8:365. [PMID: 29321608 PMCID: PMC5762667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of maternal vitamin D deficiency on body fat and adipogenesis in offspring rats, and explore the potential mechanism, we constructed a vitamin D deficient rat model and performed metabolic activity evaluation, body fat monitoring, biochemical analysis, adipogenesis assay, methylation microarray and RNA-seq for their offspring rats. We found the weight of vitamin D deficient (VDD) offspring was gradually higher than that of control (CLT) offspring, and the difference was significant since 10 weeks old. When compared with CTL offspring, the 24 h heat production, peak blood glucose, adipose tissue volume and blood lipid indexes were significantly increased in VDD offspring at 14 weeks old. Moreover, a significant increase in proliferation rate and number of lipid droplets for pre-adipocytes was also observed in VDD offspring group. DNA methylation profiling showed that compared to CTL group, 608 promoters and 204 CpG islands were differentially methylated in the VDD group, involving 305 genes. When combined with the results of RNA-seq, 141 genes of the methylated genes were differentially expressed. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may promote the proliferation and differentiation of pre-adipocytes, which may be associated with methylation alterations of genes, ultimately leading to offspring obesity.
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Jung YS, Chae CH, Kim YO, Son JS, Kim CW, Park HO, Lee JH, Shin YH, Kwak HS. The relationship between serum vitamin D levels and sleep quality in fixed day indoor field workers in the electronics manufacturing industry in Korea. Ann Occup Environ Med 2017; 29:25. [PMID: 28652922 PMCID: PMC5482959 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-017-0187-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although recent studies have investigated the influence of vitamin D on sleep patterns, there is a lack of research on the relationship between vitamin D and sleep patterns in Korean workers. This study focused on the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and sleep in fixed day indoor field workers in the electronics manufacturing industry in Korea. Methods The 1472 subjects who were included in this study were selected from fixed day workers in the electronics manufacturing industry who had received a worker’s special health examination at a hospital in Changwon, South Gyeongsang Province between January 2015 and December 2015. Nighttime workers and those who showed symptoms of depression were excluded from this study. The sociodemographic and lifestyle variables of the participants were investigated, including age, sex, marital status, level of education, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol consumption habits, and regular exercise. Work-related factors were evaluated, such as employee tenure and occupational stress. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was measured as an indicator of vitamin D levels, and quality of sleep was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) translated into Korean. Results The subjects had a mean serum vitamin D level of 13.70 ± 5.93 ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency, defined as a serum vitamin D level of <10 ng/mL, was found in 24.8% of males and significantly more frequently in females (47.6%). Poor sleep quality was reported by 19.8% of participants with serum vitamin D levels ≥10 ng/mL and by 21.7% of those with serum vitamin D levels <10 ng/mL, which was a significant difference (P = .007). Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for significant variables found that poor sleep quality was more likely in those with vitamin D deficiency than those with higher serum vitamin D levels (odds ratio = 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01–1.82). A comparison of serum vitamin D levels and PSQI components showed that the mean scores for subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep duration were significantly higher in the vitamin D-deficient participants, indicating that the vitamin D-deficient participants had poorer sleep quality. Conclusions This study investigated serum vitamin D levels in fixed day indoor field workers in the manufacturing industry in Korea and analyzed the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with sleep quality. A significant correlation was found between serum vitamin D deficiency and poor sleep quality. Based on the results of this study, sleep disorder management for workers can be improved by providing regular examinations checking their serum vitamin D levels and supplying vitamin D to workers with serum vitamin D deficiency to enhance their quality of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Saeng Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Chae
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ouk Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Ouk Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoo Shin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sung Kwak
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
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Zhao H, Shen J, Daniel-MacDougall C, Wu X, Chow WH. Plasma MicroRNA signature predicting weight gain among Mexican-American women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:958-964. [PMID: 28342299 PMCID: PMC5896311 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in obesity. However, whether they can contribute to adult weight gain is still unclear. METHODS In the training set with 40 nonsmoking, healthy women identified from the Mano-A-Mano Mexican American Cohort study, global circulating miRNA profiles in plasma samples were assessed. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the effects of plasma miRNAs on significant weight gain during a 5-year follow-up. Plasma miRNAs associated with significant weight gain were further validated in two testing sets (N = 160 and 100, respectively). RESULTS A total of 23 significant plasma miRNAs were identified in the training set. Among them, eight were validated in two testing sets. They were miR-142, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-15b, miR-130b, miR222, miR-519d, and miR-31. Using those eight miRNAs, a risk score for significant weight gain was created. Study participants with a high risk score had 3.01-fold increased risk of having significant weight gain in the whole study population (hazard ratio: 3.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.70-5.47). CONCLUSIONS The findings provide evidence that circulating miRNAs play important roles in obesity and weight gain and suggest new targets for understanding the mechanisms of weight gain and developing weight loss intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carrie Daniel-MacDougall
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Kim JK, Park MJ, Song YR, Kim HJ, Kim SG. Vitamin D: a possible modifying factor linking obesity to vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:27. [PMID: 28331532 PMCID: PMC5356240 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a risk factor for increased cardiovascular disease. Whether vitamin D deficiency modifies this association is unclear. Here, we examined the association of obesity and vitamin D deficiency with vascular calcification score (VCS) in incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 213 ESRD patients. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels below 10 ng/mL, and obesity was defined as a percentage of body fat (PBF) higher than the sex-specific median value in the cohort (>26.8% for men, >36.2% for women). VCS was measured by plain radiographic film of the lateral abdomen in the standing position. Results Most ESRD patients (76.6%) had 25(OH)D deficiency at the start of dialysis. The prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency was much higher in obese patients than non-obese patients, and it had significant inverse association with PBF (r = −0.315, p < 0.001). Abdominal aortic calcification was identified in 104 (48.9%) patients. VCS was significantly higher in obese population; 2.6 (0–23) for all patients, 4.2 (0–23) for obese and 1.0 (0–12) for non-obese patients (p < 0.001). Interestingly, vitamin D deficiency was associated with greater risk of a high VCS, especially in obese population [odds ratio (OR) 3.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-9.38)], but not with non-obese patients (OR 1.82, 95% CI 0.56-5.60). Conclusion The magnitude and direction of the association between obesity and the risk of vascular calcification may depend on an individual’s 25(OH)D level, a possible representative marker of cardiometabolic disturbance in ESRD patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-017-0181-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwa-Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine & Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyungchon-dong, Dong-An Gu, 896, Anyang, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Park
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Young Rim Song
- Department of Internal Medicine & Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyungchon-dong, Dong-An Gu, 896, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyung Jik Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine & Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyungchon-dong, Dong-An Gu, 896, Anyang, Korea
| | - Sung Gyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine & Kidney Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Pyungchon-dong, Dong-An Gu, 896, Anyang, Korea
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Mukoya MN, McKay FH, Dunn M. Can Giving Clients a Choice in Food Selection Help to Meet Their Nutritional Needs?: Investigating a Novel Food Bank Approach for Asylum Seekers. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND INTEGRATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12134-017-0515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gowda U, Ruwanpathirana T, Fong DPS, Kaur A, Renzaho AMN. Efficacy of high dose Vitamin D supplementation in improving serum 25(OH)D among migrant and non migrant population: a retrospective study. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:579. [PMID: 27737675 PMCID: PMC5064956 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher dose of vitamin D supplementation 50000 IU is required for those whose serum 25(OH)D levels are 50 nmol/L and below. The increment in serum 25(OH)D though not significantly affected by race, sex or age it is negatively correlated to the baseline 25(OH)D concentration. This study investigated whether the mean increase in serum 25(OH)D will be higher among participants with lower baseline 25(OH)D levels and whether the duration of supplementation has an influence on the serum 25(OH)D achieved. METHODS A clinical audit of patients' medical records from a community health centre in Melbourne for the period 01.01.2010 to 31-12.2012 was undertaken. Paired sample t test was used to determine difference in pre and post dose serum 25(OH)D. Simple and multiple linear regressions were used to examine the association between the difference in pre and post dose serum 25(OH)D and duration of supplementation and baseline serum 25(OH)D, adjusting for socio-demographic factors. RESULTS A total of 205 patients were included in the study. Mean difference in serum 25(OH)D was highest 52.8 nmol/L (95 % CI: 46.63-58.92) among those whose serum 25(OH)D was below 25 nmol/L at baseline. Baseline 25(OH)D alone accounted for 13.7 % of variance in the effect size (F(2, 202) = 16.0. p < 0.001), with the effect size significantly higher among participants with a baseline 25(OH)D level of 25-49 nmol/L (β = 11.93, 95 % CI: 0.48, 23.40, p < 0.05). Mean serum 25(OH)D difference was highest, 47.53 nmol/L (95 % CI: 40.95-54.11) when measured within 3 months of supplementation. Duration of supplementation explained 2.9 % of the variance in the effect size (F (1, 203) = 6.11, p < 0.05) and there was an inverse relationship between the length of supplementation and mean pre and post supplementation serum 25(OH)D difference (β = -1.45, 95 % CI: -2.62, -0.29, p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Following 50000 IU vitamin D3 for 12 months mean serum 25(OH)D increase was highest among those whose baseline serum 25(OH)D was lower. Migrants especially dark-skinned are at a high risk for vitamin D deficiency in Australia. High dose vitamin D3 50000 IU (cholecalciferol) is effective in achieving sufficient serum 25(OH)D among these populations who tend to have lower baseline serum 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Gowda
- Global Health and Society Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thilanga Ruwanpathirana
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P. S. Fong
- Doutta Galla Community Health Service, Kensington, VIC Australia
| | - Ambika Kaur
- Doutta Galla Community Health Service, Kensington, VIC Australia
| | - Andre M. N. Renzaho
- Global Health and Society Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, 2751 NSW Australia
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Renzaho A, Polonsky M, Mellor D, Cyril S. Addressing migration-related social and health inequalities in Australia: call for research funding priorities to recognise the needs of migrant populations. AUST HEALTH REV 2016; 40:3-10. [PMID: 26164042 DOI: 10.1071/ah14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Migrants constitute 26% of the total Australian population and, although disproportionately affected by chronic diseases, they are under-represented in health research. The aim of the present study was to describe trends in Australian Research Council (ARC)- and National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC)-funded initiatives from 2002 to 2011 with a key focus on migration-related research funding. METHODS Data on all NHMRC- and ARC-funded initiatives between 2002 and 2011 were collected from the research funding statistics and national competitive grants program data systems, respectively. The research funding expenditures within these two schemes were categorised into two major groups: (1) people focused (migrant-related and mainstream-related); and (2) basic science focused. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data and report the trends in NHMRC and ARC funding over the 10-year period. RESULTS Over 10 years, the ARC funded 15 354 initiatives worth A$5.5 billion, with 897 (5.8%) people-focused projects funded, worth A$254.4 million. Migrant-related research constituted 7.8% of all people-focused research. The NHMRC funded 12399 initiatives worth A$5.6 billion, with 447 (3.6%) people-focused projects funded, worth A$207.2 million. Migrant-related research accounted for 6.2% of all people-focused initiatives. CONCLUSIONS Although migrant groups are disproportionately affected by social and health inequalities, the findings of the present study show that migrant-related research is inadequately funded compared with mainstream-related research. Unless equitable research funding is achieved, it will be impossible to build a strong evidence base for planning effective measures to reduce these inequalities among migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Renzaho
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Michael Polonsky
- Deakin Business School, Department of Marketing, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic. 3125, Australia. Email
| | - David Mellor
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Vic. 3125, Australia. Email
| | - Sheila Cyril
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 3 Burnet Building, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic. 3004, Australia. Email
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Zhao H, Shen J, Djukovic D, Daniel-MacDougall C, Gu H, Wu X, Chow WH. Metabolomics-identified metabolites associated with body mass index and prospective weight gain among Mexican American women. Obes Sci Pract 2016; 2:309-317. [PMID: 27708848 PMCID: PMC5043515 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is a metabolic disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking metabolic profiles and weight gain are largely unknown. Methods Here, we used semi‐targeted metabolomics to assay 156 metabolites selected from 25 key metabolic pathways in plasma samples from 300 non‐smoking healthy women identified from Mano‐A‐Mano, the Mexican American Cohort study. The study subjects were randomly divided into two cohorts: training (N = 200) and testing (N = 100) cohorts. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to assess the effect of body mass index (BMI) at baseline on metabolite levels and the effects of metabolites on significant weight gain during a 5‐year follow‐up. Results At baseline, we observed 7 metabolites significantly associated with BMI in both training and testing cohorts. They were Methyl succinate, Asparagine, Urate, Kynurenic acid, Glycine, Glutamic acid, and Serine. In further analysis, we identified 6 metabolites whose levels at baseline predicted significant weight gain during 5‐year follow‐up in both cohorts. They were Acetylcholine, Leucine, Hippuric acid, Acetylglycine, Urate, and Xanthine. Conclusions The findings establish the baseline metabolic profiles for BMI, and suggest new metabolic targets for researchers attempting to understand the molecular mechanisms of weight gain and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhao
- Departments of Epidemiology the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA
| | - J Shen
- Departments of Epidemiology the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA
| | - D Djukovic
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine University of Washington Seattle USA
| | - C Daniel-MacDougall
- Departments of Epidemiology the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA
| | - H Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine University of Washington Seattle USA
| | - X Wu
- Departments of Epidemiology the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA
| | - W-H Chow
- Departments of Epidemiology the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston USA
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Zhang FF, Al Hooti S, Al Zenki S, Alomirah H, Jamil KM, Rao A, Al Jahmah N, Saltzman E, Ausman LM. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with high prevalence of diabetes in Kuwaiti adults: results from a national survey. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:100. [PMID: 26833056 PMCID: PMC4735959 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D homeostasis may play a critical role in glucose metabolism. Little is known on vitamin D deficiency and its association with diabetes in countries of the Arabia Gulf where the population is experiencing a rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes. METHODS In a cross-sectional study of 960 adults enrolled in the first National Nutrition Survey of the State of Kuwait (NNSSK), we examined vitamin D status in association with the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes. Vitamin D status was measured by serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitami D (25(OH)D). Prevalences of diabetes and prediabetes were determined based on fasting glucose and HbA1C levels. RESULTS The median level of serum 25(OH)D in Kuwaiti adults was 13.8 ng/ml. Approximately 56 % of the Kuwaiti adults had vitamin D inadequacy (25(OH)D = 12-19.9 ng/ml), and 27 % had vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 12 ng/ml). The prevalences of prediabetes and diabetes were 40 and 27 %, respectively. Vitamin D inadequacy (OR = 1.7, 95 % CI: 1.0-2.9) and deficiency (OR =2.0, 95 % CI: 1.1-3.3) was each associated with about two-fold increased odds of prediabetes compared to sufficient vitamin D status (25(OH)D ≥ 20 ng/ml). Vitamin D inadequacy (OR =2.1, 95 % CI: 1.2-3.7) and deficiency (OR =2.0, 95 % CI: 1.1-3.9) were also associated with two-fold increased odds of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Data from Kuwaiti's first nutrition nutritional survey suggests a very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Kuwaiti adults. Associations of low vitamin D status and high prevalence of diabetes point to the need of continuous monitoring of vitamin D status and further evaluating potential health consequences in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang Zhang
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Suad Al Hooti
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Sameer Al Zenki
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Husam Alomirah
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Kazi M Jamil
- Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, PO Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Aravinda Rao
- Ministry of Health, Medical Laboratories Services, Sabah Hospital Laboratories, PO Box 24225, Safat, 13103, Kuwait
| | - Nasser Al Jahmah
- Ministry of Health, Medical Laboratories Services, Sabah Hospital Laboratories, PO Box 24225, Safat, 13103, Kuwait
| | - Edward Saltzman
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Lynne M Ausman
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Peng M, Chen S, Jiang X, Zhang W, Wang Y, Wu S, Cardiovascular Survey Group OBOTK. Dissociation between Low Vitamin D Level and Hypertension in Coal Mine Workers: Evidence from the Kailuan Study. Intern Med 2016; 55:1255-60. [PMID: 27181529 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the vitamin D status and the relationship between the vitamin D status and hypertension in a relatively large cohort in northern China. Methods This study was a part of the Kailuan study, consisting of 3,788 coal mine workers (including 2,532 underground workers and 1,256 surface workers) who received periodic health examinations between September 13, 2012 and December 24, 2012. Information on demographic factors, personal history and medical history were collected. The height, weight, blood pressure and serum25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level of each patient were measured. Results The mean 25(OH)D level in this cohort was 21.73±15.82 nmol/L. The number (%) of patients with vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, inadequacy and sufficiency were 2,509 (66.24%), 1,051 (27.75%), 201 (5.31%) and 27 (0.71%), respectively. In all the participants, after adjusting for the age, salt intake, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, work type, work environment, body mass index, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, the odds ratios for hypertension with 25(OH)D level ≥50, 25-50 and <25 nmol/L were 1.00 (reference), 1.44 (95%CI, 0.99-2.11) and 1.39 (95%CI, 0.97-1.99), respectively. Logistic regression models to evaluate the odds ratios and 95% CIs of hypertension for each quintile of the 25(OH)D level did not determine significant associations between the vitamin D status and hypertension. No significant associations were found in the underground workers or in the surface workers. Conclusion There was a high proportion of coal mine workers with vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in Kailuan. However, no significant association between low vitamin D levels and hypertension was found in this cohort. Further investigations are needed to determine the relationship between vitamin D levels and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Peng
- Hypertension Center, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
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Martin CA, Gowda U, Renzaho AM. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among dark-skinned populations according to their stage of migration and region of birth: A meta-analysis. Nutrition 2016; 32:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kwon SI, Son JS, Kim YO, Chae CH, Kim JH, Kim CW, Park HO, Lee JH, Jung JI. Association between serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms among female workers in the manufacturing industry. Ann Occup Environ Med 2015; 27:28. [PMID: 26693028 PMCID: PMC4676810 DOI: 10.1186/s40557-015-0083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D has been known to maintain the body’s balance of calcium and phosphorus as well as skeletal health. There has been increasing emphasis on the importance of vitamin D as recent studies have been reporting the specific functions of vitamin D in the cerebral nervous system and the association between the level of serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms. However, there is currently a paucity of research investigating the association between serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms in Korean subjects. Consequently, this study has aimed to determine the level of serum vitamin D and explore the association between serum vitamin D and depressive symptoms in Korean female workers. Method A medical examination, questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and a blood test were conducted between February 3 and March 7, 2014 in 1054 subjects among female workers in the manufacturing industry who underwent physical examinations in a university hospital. From this data, we identified the level of serum vitamin D and investigated the association between serum vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms. Results The average serum vitamin D level of the 1054 subjects was 9.07 ± 3.25 ng/mL, and the number of subjects in the serum vitamin D deficiency group with less than 10 ng/mL was 721 (68.4 %). The odds ratio of the depressive symptom group with a CES-D score of 16 or above being in the deficiency group with a serum vitamin D level less than 10 ng/mL was found to be 1.55 (95 % CI = 1.15–2.07). Conclusion 68.4 % of female workers in the manufacturing industry were in the deficiency group with serum vitamin D levels less than 10 ng/mL. Additionally, we identified an association between serum vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms. In the future, if serum vitamin D deficiency is checked regularly in workers, we expect to achieve better outcomes in managing their depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Il Kwon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ouk Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Chae
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hyun Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Ouk Park
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ick Jung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Changwon Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon City, Republic of Korea
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Chandler PD, Wang L, Zhang X, Sesso HD, Moorthy MV, Obi O, Lewis J, Prince RL, Danik JS, Manson JE, LeBoff MS, Song Y. Effect of vitamin D supplementation alone or with calcium on adiposity measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:577-93. [PMID: 26180255 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The independent or interactive effects of vitamin D and calcium on adiposity remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess whether vitamin D and calcium supplements cause changes in adiposity. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for literature published from 1966 to March 2014. STUDY SELECTION A systematic search was conducted for randomized clinical trials with ≥ 50 participants aged ≥ 18 years at baseline who had received at least 12 weeks of treatment. Among the inclusion criteria were supplementation with vitamin D with or without calcium and measurement of adiposity (weight, body mass index [BMI], and/or fat mass). DATA EXTRACTION The primary endpoints assessed were changes in weight, BMI, or fat mass. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 953 trials identified, 26 randomized clinical trials (n = 12, vitamin D alone; n = 10, vitamin D plus calcium versus calcium control; n = 4, vitamin D plus calcium versus placebo) with a total of 42,430 participants (median duration, 12 months) met the inclusion criteria. When compared with placebo, vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on BMI (weighted mean difference [WMD], -0.06 kg/m(2); 95% confidence interval [95%CI], -0.14 to 0.03), weight (WMD, -0.05 kg; 95%CI, -0.32 to 0.23), or fat mass (WMD, -0.43 kg; 95%CI, -1.69 to 0.84). Likewise, no significant reduction in BMI (WMD, 0.02 kg/m(2); 95%CI, -0.11 to 0.14), weight (WMD, 0.12 kg; 95%CI, -0.24 to 0.49), or fat mass (WMD, 0.12 kg; 95%CI, -0.22 to 0.45) was observed in participants who received vitamin D plus calcium compared with those who received calcium control. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with vitamin D showed no effect on adiposity measures in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulette D Chandler
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Lu Wang
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Howard D Sesso
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manickavasagar V Moorthy
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Obiageli Obi
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua Lewis
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard L Prince
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Danik
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yiqing Song
- P.D. Chandler, L. Wang, H.D. Sesso, M.V. Moorthy, J.S. Danik, J.E. Manson, and Y. Song are with the Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. X. Zhang and Y. Song are with the Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. H.D. Sesso and J.E. Manson are with the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. O. Obi is with the Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J. Lewis and R.L. Prince are with the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. R.L. Prince is with the School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia. J.S. Danik is with the Cardiovascular Division, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, New York, New York, USA. M.S. LeBoff is with the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Jacobs ET, Mullany CJ. Vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy in a correctional population. Nutrition 2015; 31:659-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lucas RM, Norval M, Neale RE, Young AR, de Gruijl FR, Takizawa Y, van der Leun JC. The consequences for human health of stratospheric ozone depletion in association with other environmental factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:53-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp90033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ozone depletion, climate and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health
- The Australian National University
- Canberra 2601
- Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute
| | - M. Norval
- Biomedical Sciences
- University of Edinburgh Medical School
- Edinburgh EH8 9AG
- UK
| | - R. E. Neale
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
- Brisbane 4029
- Australia
| | - A. R. Young
- King's College London (KCL)
- St John's Institute of Dermatology
- London SE1 9RT
- UK
| | - F. R. de Gruijl
- Department of Dermatology
- Leiden University Medical Centre
- NL-2300 RC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Y. Takizawa
- Akita University Graduate School of Medicine
- Akita Prefecture
- Japan
- National Institute for Minamata Diseases
- Kumamoto Prefecture
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Jamal-Allial A, Griffith JL, Tucker KL. The longitudinal association of vitamin D serum concentrations & adiposity phenotype. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt A:185-8. [PMID: 24333795 PMCID: PMC4055547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several cross-sectional studies have reported on the association between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D concentrations (25(OH)D) and body mass index (BMI). We examined the longitudinal effect of BMI on serum 25(OH)D concentrations among 866 Puerto Rican adults living in the Greater Boston area: 246 men and 620 women, aged 45-75 years at baseline and 2 year. Our analyses showed negative correlations at two time points between BMI and serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The multivariate analysis showed that when predicting the change of serum 25(OH)D concentrations, baseline-BMI had significant inverse association (P<0.04) controlling for age, sex, and baseline-BMI. This association remained significant after adjusting for vitamin D supplement use, smoking, miles walked/day and alcohol intake (P<0.01). In conclusion, the major findings of the present study are obesity (1) was inversely associated with 25(OH)D at baseline; (2) with the change in serum 25(OH)D at 2-year in this population of older Puerto Rican adults living in the Boston area. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '16th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Jamal-Allial
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences. Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - John L Griffith
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences. Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Clinical Laboratory & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Vinha AF, Barreira SVP, Costa ASG, Alves RC, Oliveira MBPP. Pre-meal tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) intake can have anti-obesity effects in young women? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:1019-26. [PMID: 25156566 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.950206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pre-meal tomato intake in the anthropometric indices and blood levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, glucose, and uric acid of a young women population (n = 35, 19.6 ± 1.3 years) was evaluated. During 4 weeks, daily, participants ingested a raw ripe tomato (∼90 g) before lunch. Their anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured repeatedly during the follow-up time. At the end of the 4 weeks, significant reductions were observed on body weight (-1.09 ± 0.12 kg on average), % fat (-1.54 ± 0.52%), fasting blood glucose (-5.29 ± 0.80 mg/dl), triglycerides (-8.31 ± 1.34 mg/dl), cholesterol (-10.17 ± 1.21 mg/dl), and uric acid (-0.16 ± 0.04 mg/dl) of the participants. The tomato pre-meal ingestion seemed to interfere positively in body weight, fat percentage, and blood levels of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and uric acid of the young adult women that participated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana F Vinha
- FCS-UFP/Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa , Porto , Portugal
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Bhatt SP, Misra A, Sharma M, Guleria R, Pandey RM, Luthra K, Vikram NK. Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with abdominal obesity in urban Asian Indians without diabetes in North India. Diabetes Technol Ther 2014; 16:392-7. [PMID: 24528222 PMCID: PMC4029135 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2013.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated the associations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) D] levels with clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric profiles and total abdominal adipose tissue (TAAT), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SCAT), and intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) depots in Asian Indians without diabetes residing in north India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study (n=137; 74 males and 63 females; 18-60 years of age), anthropometric (body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, and skinfold thickness at four sites) and biochemical (fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, and fasting insulin levels) assessments were done. Measurement of percentage body fat was done by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and areas of TAAT, SCAT and IAAT were measured at the L2-L3 intervertebral level by single-slice magnetic resonance imaging. Levels of 25(OH) D were measured by radioimmunoassay. Correlation analysis was used to assess relationships among clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric profiles, areas of TAAT, SCAT, and IAAT, and 25(OH) D levels. RESULTS The mean concentration of 25(OH) D was 40.5 ± 8.6 ng/mL. Overall, 6.6% had vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/mL), 87.6% had insufficiency (<30 ng/mL), and 5.8% had a sufficient level (>30 ng/mL). Levels of 25(OH) D did not correlate with demographic, biochemical, and anthropometric profiles or with abdominal fat depots (TAAT, SCAT, and IAAT). In the correlation regression model, 25(OH) D was associated with TAAT in obese subjects. CONCLUSIONS In obese urban Asian Indians without diabetes, higher values of total abdominal fat at the L2-L3 intervertebral level were associated with low 25(OH) D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prakash Bhatt
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- National Diabetes Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation and Diabetic Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
- Fortis C-DOC Center of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukti Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Randeep Guleria
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Sleep Disorders, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Luthra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Naval Kishore Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Ritterhouse LL, Lu R, Shah HB, Robertson JM, Fife DA, Maecker HT, Du H, Fathman CG, Chakravarty EF, Scofield RH, Kamen DL, Guthridge JM, James JA. Vitamin d deficiency in a multiethnic healthy control cohort and altered immune response in vitamin D deficient European-American healthy controls. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94500. [PMID: 24727903 PMCID: PMC3984168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In recent years, vitamin D has been shown to possess a wide range of immunomodulatory effects. Although there is extensive amount of research on vitamin D, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency or the mechanism by which vitamin D regulates the human immune system. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of vitamin D deficiency and the relationship between vitamin D and the immune system in healthy individuals. Methods Healthy individuals (n = 774) comprised of European-Americans (EA, n = 470), African–Americans (AA, n = 125), and Native Americans (NA, n = 179) were screened for 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels by ELISA. To identify the most noticeable effects of vitamin D on the immune system, 20 EA individuals with severely deficient (<11.3 ng/mL) and sufficient (>24.8 ng/mL) vitamin D levels were matched and selected for further analysis. Serum cytokine level measurement, immune cell phenotyping, and phosphoflow cytometry were performed. Results Vitamin D sufficiency was observed in 37.5% of the study cohort. By multivariate analysis, AA, NA, and females with a high body mass index (BMI, >30) demonstrate higher rates of vitamin D deficiency (p<0.05). Individuals with vitamin D deficiency had significantly higher levels of serum GM-CSF (p = 0.04), decreased circulating activated CD4+ (p = 0.04) and CD8+ T (p = 0.04) cell frequencies than individuals with sufficient vitamin D levels. Conclusion A large portion of healthy individuals have vitamin D deficiency. These individuals have altered T and B cell responses, indicating that the absence of sufficient vitamin D levels could result in undesirable cellular and molecular alterations ultimately contributing to immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L. Ritterhouse
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Rufei Lu
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Hemangi B. Shah
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Julie M. Robertson
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Dustin A. Fife
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Hongwu Du
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Charles G. Fathman
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Eliza F. Chakravarty
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Diane L. Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Judith A. James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Theodoratou E, Tzoulaki I, Zgaga L, Ioannidis JPA. Vitamin D and multiple health outcomes: umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials. BMJ 2014; 348:g2035. [PMID: 24690624 PMCID: PMC3972415 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 648] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the breadth, validity, and presence of biases of the associations of vitamin D with diverse outcomes. DESIGN Umbrella review of the evidence across systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations and randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, and screening of citations and references. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Three types of studies were eligible for the umbrella review: systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined observational associations between circulating vitamin D concentrations and any clinical outcome; and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials assessing supplementation with vitamin D or active compounds (both established and newer compounds of vitamin D). RESULTS 107 systematic literature reviews and 74 meta-analyses of observational studies of plasma vitamin D concentrations and 87 meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation were identified. The relation between vitamin D and 137 outcomes has been explored, covering a wide range of skeletal, malignant, cardiovascular, autoimmune, infectious, metabolic, and other diseases. Ten outcomes were examined by both meta-analyses of observational studies and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials, but the direction of the effect and level of statistical significance was concordant only for birth weight (maternal vitamin D status or supplementation). On the basis of the available evidence, an association between vitamin D concentrations and birth weight, dental caries in children, maternal vitamin D concentrations at term, and parathyroid hormone concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis is probable, but further studies and better designed trials are needed to draw firmer conclusions. In contrast to previous reports, evidence does not support the argument that vitamin D only supplementation increases bone mineral density or reduces the risk of fractures or falls in older people. CONCLUSIONS Despite a few hundred systematic reviews and meta-analyses, highly convincing evidence of a clear role of vitamin D does not exist for any outcome, but associations with a selection of outcomes are probable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
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Maple-Brown LJ, Hughes JT, Lu ZX, Jeyaraman K, Lawton P, Jones GRD, Ellis A, Sinha A, Cass A, MacIsaac RJ, Jerums G, O’Dea K. Serum vitamin D levels, diabetes and cardio-metabolic risk factors in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:78. [PMID: 25197323 PMCID: PMC4155864 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), have been associated with development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however there are limited data on serum 25(OH)D in Indigenous Australians, a population at high risk for both diabetes and CVD. We aimed to assess levels of serum 25(OH)D in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians and to explore relationships between 25(OH)D and cardio-metabolic risk factors and diabetes. METHODS 592 Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Australian participants of The eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) Study, a cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study performed in 2007-2011, from urban and remote centres within communities, primary care and tertiary hospitals across Northern Territory, Far North Queensland and Western Australia. Assessment of serum 25(OH)D, cardio-metabolic risk factors (central obesity, diabetes, hypertension, history of cardiovascular disease, current smoker, low HDL-cholesterol), and diabetes (by history or HbA1c ≥6.5%) was performed. Associations were explored between 25(OH)D and outcome measures of diabetes and number of cardio-metabolic risk factors. RESULTS The median (IQR) serum 25(OH)D was 60 (45-77) nmol/L, 31% had 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L. For participants with 25(OH)D < 50 vs ≥50 nmol/L, cardio-metabolic risk profile differed for: diabetes (54%, 36% p < 0.001), past history of cardiovascular disease (16%, 9%, p = 0.014), waist-hip ratio (0.98, 0.92, p < 0.001), urine albumin-creatinine ratio (2.7, 1.5 mg/mmol, p < 0.001). The OR (95% CI) for diabetes was 2.02 (1.03 - 3.95) for people in the lowest vs highest tertiles of 25(OH)D (<53 vs >72 nmol/L, respectively) after adjusting for known cardio-metabolic risk factors. CONCLUSION The percentage of 25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L was high among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians from Northern and Central Australia. Low 25(OH)D level was associated with adverse cardio-metabolic risk profile and was independently associated with diabetes. These findings require exploration in longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise J Maple-Brown
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Division of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia
| | - Jaquelyne T Hughes
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Division of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Australia
| | - Zhong X Lu
- Melbourne Pathology, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kanakamani Jeyaraman
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul Lawton
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Graham RD Jones
- SydPath, St Vincents Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- University of NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Ellis
- Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashim Sinha
- Cairns Base Hospital and Diabetes Centre, Cairns, Australia
| | - Alan Cass
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Richard J MacIsaac
- St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George Jerums
- Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kerin O’Dea
- University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Besharat Pour M, Bergström A, Bottai M, Kull I, Wickman M, Håkansson N, Wolk A, Moradi T. Effect of parental migration background on childhood nutrition, physical activity, and body mass index. J Obes 2014; 2014:406529. [PMID: 24991430 PMCID: PMC4058807 DOI: 10.1155/2014/406529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, and obesity in children have important public health implications but, to date, their effects have not been studied in the growing population of children in Sweden with immigrant parents. METHODS We estimated the association between parental migration background and nutrition, physical activity, and weight in 8-year-old children born in Stockholm between 1994 and 1996 of immigrants and Swedish parents (n = 2589). Data were collected through clinical examination and questionnaires filled out by parents. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Children of immigrants complied more closely with Nordic Nutrition Recommendations compared with those of Swedes (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.11-1.64). They had higher intake of dietary fibre, vitamins C, B6, and E, folic acid, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6) reflecting higher consumption of foods of plant origin, but lower intake of vitamins A and D, calcium, and iron reflecting lower consumption of dairy products. Children of immigrants had higher intake of sucrose reflecting higher consumption of sugar and sweets. Furthermore, these children had a higher risk of having low physical activity (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.06-1.62) and being overweight (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.06-1.65) compared with children of Swedish parents. The odds of having low physical activity and being overweight were even higher in children whose parents were both immigrants. A low level of parental education was associated with increased risk of low physical activity regardless of immigration background. CONCLUSIONS Culturally appropriate tools to capture the diverse range of ethnic foods and other lifestyle habits are needed. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the low levels of physical activity, increased weight, and lack of consumption of some important vitamins among children of immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Besharat Pour
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- *Mohsen Besharat Pour:
| | - Anna Bergström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bottai
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Kull
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Stockholm South General Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm South General Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Wickman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Stockholm South General Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, 11883 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niclas Håkansson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tahereh Moradi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council, P.O. Box 1497, 17129 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kouda K, Nakamura H, Fujita Y, Ohara K, Iki M. Vitamin D status and body fat measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a general population of Japanese children. Nutrition 2013; 29:1204-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hong HC, Lee JS, Choi HY, Yang SJ, Yoo HJ, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Baik SH, Choi DS, Choi KM. Liver enzymes and vitamin D levels in metabolically healthy but obese individuals: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Metabolism 2013; 62:1305-12. [PMID: 23643404 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased liver enzymes and decreased vitamin D levels are associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We examined liver enzymes and vitamin D levels in metabolically healthy but obese (MHO) individuals and compared the values with those of other body size phenotypes in the Korean population. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 16,190 people over the age of 18years were analyzed using data from the Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is a nationally representative survey. Body size phenotypes were classified into four groups by body mass index (BMI) and number of metabolic syndrome components. RESULTS The prevalence of MHO was 14.9% in the entire population and 47.7% in the obese population. In a correlation analysis adjusted for age, sex, and BMI, AST and ALT levels were positively correlated with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors of the metabolic syndrome, whereas vitamin D level was negatively correlated with these variables. MHO individuals had significantly lower concentrations of AST and ALT compared to metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) subjects, although vitamin D levels were not significantly different. Furthermore, a multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that MHO individuals had lower risk of liver enzyme abnormality compared to MAO after adjusting for potential confounding factors. However, the risk of vitamin D deficiency was not significantly different among groups with different body size phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Although both liver enzymes and vitamin D levels are related to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, only liver enzymes were independently associated with MHO phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Cheol Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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SEANUTS: the nutritional status and dietary intakes of 0.5–12-year-old Thai children. Br J Nutr 2013; 110 Suppl 3:S36-44. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513002110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated nutritional status and health-related factors in a multistage cluster sample of 3119 Thai urban and rural children aged 0·5–12·9 years. In a subsample, blood samples were collected for the measurement of Hb, transferrin receptor, vitamin A and vitamin D concentrations. The prevalence of stunting and underweight was higher in rural children than in urban children, whereas the wasting rate was similar in both rural and urban areas. Among children aged 3·0–5·9 years, the prevalence of overweight was significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas and so was the obesity rate in children aged 6·0–12·9 years. Protein intakes of all age groups were relatively high in both the areas. Intakes of Ca, Fe, Zn and vitamin C were significantly higher in urban areas than in rural areas. The prevalence of anaemia in rural areas was twice as high as that in urban areas, particularly in infants and young children. However, the prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia was similar in both urban and rural areas. While the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (by serum retinol cut-off < 0·7 μmol/l) seemed to be very low, vitamin A insufficiency (by serum retinol cut-off < 1·05 μmol/l) was more prevalent (29·4–31·7 %) in both the areas. The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency ranged between 27·7 and 45·6 % among the children. The present study indicates that the double burden of malnutrition is still a major public health problem in Thailand. Further studies need to explore the associated risk factors for these nutrient deficiencies. Effective strategies and actions are needed to tackle the nutritional problems in Thai children.
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Au LE, Rogers GT, Harris SS, Dwyer JT, Jacques PF, Sacheck JM. Associations of vitamin D intake with 25-hydroxyvitamin D in overweight and racially/ethnically diverse US children. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013; 113:1511-1516. [PMID: 23916971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Overweight children and minorities are at risk of vitamin D deficiency. Little information exists on whether overweight children and minorities who do not meet dietary vitamin D recommendations are at risk for low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) status. Vitamin D intake from foods and dietary supplements was estimated in 3,310 children/adolescents who were examined as part of the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Weight status was dichotomized into healthy weight or overweight/obese. Parent-reported race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, or other. Adjusted logistic regression was used to determine whether children who did not achieve the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) were at increased risk for inadequate 25OHD. Nearly 75% of children failed to meet the EAR. Overall, not meeting the EAR was associated with inadequate 25OHD (odds ratio=2.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 4.5). However, this association differed by weight status (P=0.02) and race/ethnicity (P=0.02). Overweight/obese children who failed to meet the EAR were five times more likely to be at risk for inadequate 25OHD than overweight/obese children who met it (95% CI 2.0 to 12.7; P<0.001). Non-Hispanic blacks with intakes below the EAR were nearly four times more likely to be at risk for inadequate 25OHD than those who met the EAR (95% CI 1.5 to 9.7; P<0.01). The majority of US children failed to meet current vitamin D recommendations. Overweight/obese and non-Hispanic black children were especially likely to be at risk for inadequate 25OHD when not consuming the EAR.
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