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Attri B, Nagendra L, Dutta D, Shetty S, Shaikh S, Kalra S, Bhattacharya S. Prandial Insulins: A Person-Centered Choice. Curr Diab Rep 2024; 24:131-145. [PMID: 38568467 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-024-01540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Postprandial hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose after meals, is associated with the development and progression of various diabetes-related complications. Prandial insulins are designed to replicate the natural insulin release after meals and are highly effective in managing post-meal glucose spikes. Currently, different types of prandial insulins are available such as human regular insulin, rapid-acting analogs, ultra-rapid-acting analogs, and inhaled insulins. Knowledge about diverse landscape of prandial insulin will optimize glycemic management. RECENT FINDINGS Human regular insulin, identical to insulin produced by the human pancreas, has a slower onset and extended duration, potentially leading to post-meal hyperglycemia and later hypoglycemia. In contrast, rapid-acting analogs, such as lispro, aspart, and glulisine, are new insulin types with amino acid modifications that enhance their subcutaneous absorption, resulting in a faster onset and shorter action duration. Ultra-rapid analogs, like faster aspart and ultra-rapid lispro, offer even shorter onset of action, providing better meal-time flexibility. The Technosphere insulin offers an inhaled route for prandial insulin delivery. The prandial insulins can be incorporated into basal-bolus, basal plus, or prandial-only regimens or delivered through insulin pumps. Human regular insulin, aspart, lispro, and faster aspart are recommended for management of hyperglycemia during pregnancy. Ongoing research is focused on refining prandial insulin replacement and exploring newer delivery methods. The article provides a comprehensive overview of various prandial insulin options and their clinical applications in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Attri
- Department of Endocrinology, Sarvodaya Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Lakshmi Nagendra
- Department of Endocrinology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Deep Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Center for Endocrinology Diabetes Arthritis and Rheumatism (CEDAR) Super-Speciality Healthcare, Dwarka, Delhi, India
| | - Sahana Shetty
- Department of Endocrinology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shehla Shaikh
- Department of Endocrinology, Saifee Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Saptarshi Bhattacharya
- Department of Endocrinology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Mathura Road, Delhi, 110076, India.
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Janssen H, Jhanji S, Oliver NS, Ackland GL. Ward monitoring 4.0: real-time metabolic insights from continuous glucose monitoring into perioperative organ dysfunction. Br J Anaesth 2024; 132:843-848. [PMID: 38448275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2024.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The now-routine clinical deployment of continuous glucose monitoring has demonstrated benefit in real-world settings. We make the case that continuous glucose monitoring can help re-examine, at scale, the role that (stress) hyperglycaemia plays in fuelling organ dysfunction after tissue trauma. Provided robust perioperative data do emerge, well-established continuous glucose monitoring technology could soon help transform the perioperative landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Janssen
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shaman Jhanji
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative Medicine and Critical Care, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Nick S Oliver
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth L Ackland
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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3
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Marcotte-Chénard A, Tremblay R, Falkenhain K, Little JP, Riesco E. Effect of Acute and Chronic Ingestion of Exogenous Ketone Supplements on Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:408-426. [PMID: 38145410 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2289961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous ketone supplements have been suggested to have potential cardiovascular benefits, but their overall effect on blood pressure is unclear. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of exogenous ketone supplements on blood pressure (BP) and concomitant changes in resting heart rate (HR). Five databases were searched on January 27th, 2023, for randomized and non-randomized studies. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed including all studies jointly and separately for acute and chronic ingestion of ketone supplements. Out of 4012 studies identified in the search, 4 acute and 6 chronic studies with n = 187 participants were included. Pooled results (n = 10) showed no change in systolic (SMD [95% CI]= -0.14 [-0.40; 0.11]; I2= 30%; p = 0.17) or diastolic BP (-0.12 [-0.30; 0.05]; I2= 0%; p = 0.69), with a potential tendency observed toward increased resting heart rate (0.17 [-0.14; 0.47]; I2= 40%; p = 0.10). Similar results for systolic and diastolic BP were observed when assessing separately the effect of acute and chronic ingestion of ketone supplements (p ≥ 0.33). Supplement dosage was found to modulate the increase in resting heart rate (0.019 ± 0.006; p = 0.013; R2=100%), suggesting that higher supplement doses lead to a higher resting heart rate. Based on currently available data, acute or prolonged ingestion of ketone supplements does not seem to modulate BP. However, a tendency for HR to increase after acute ingestion was observed, particularly with higher doses. Higher quality studies with appropriate standardized measurements are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Marcotte-Chénard
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Renaud Tremblay
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kaja Falkenhain
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eléonor Riesco
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Luo S, Yang W, Huang Y, Peng Z, Wang G. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and docking study of new triazole-phenylacetamide derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106844. [PMID: 37703743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
To discover potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, a class of novel triazole-phenylacetamide derivatives (5a-5p) were designed, prepared, and tested for their α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. All tested compounds (5a-5p) displayed a strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 6.69 ± 0.18-113.65 ± 2.94 μM) in comparison with the positive control acarbose (IC50 = 723.06 ± 11.26 μM). Thereinto, 5g (IC50 = 6.69 ± 0.18 μM) showed the best anti-α-glucosidase activity and behaved as a mixed-type inhibitor with the value of Ki and Kis to be 1.65 μM and 4.54 μM, respectively. Besides, fluorescence quenching experiment, three-dimensional fluorescence spectra assay, circular dichroism analysis, and molecular docking studies indicated that 5g may inhibit α-glucosidase activity by binding with its active site as well as changing the secondary structure of α-glucosidase. Combined with the inhibition effect on the rise of postprandial blood glucose level and low cytotoxicity of 5g, it could be concluded that these title compounds may play a role as lead compounds to develop novel α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Peng
- Clinical Trails Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Gahm C, Park S. The association between skipping breakfast and chronic kidney disease. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:3209-3215. [PMID: 37093440 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES There are few reports on the relationship between skipping breakfast and chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the skipping breakfast-CKD relationship and the mediation effects of metabolic diseases (obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) on this relationship. SUBJECTS/METHODS We analyzed the data of 21,138 participants aged ≥ 40 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018. Skipping breakfast was defined as rarely eating breakfast over the past year. CKD was defined as decreased kidney function expressed by an estimated glomerular filtration rate of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. We used a complex sample logistic regression model to examine the relationship between skipping breakfast and CKD. We used Baron and Kenny's approach to examine whether metabolic diseases work as a mediator within the skipping breakfast-CKD relationships. RESULTS About 7.6% of participants skipped breakfast, and 5.5% had CKD. After adjusting for confounders, participants who skipped breakfast were at higher odds of having CKD (odds ratio 1.61; 95% confidence interval 1.07-2.42; p value 0.021) compared to those who did not skip breakfast. With full adjustments for confounders, skipping breakfast was not significantly associated with any metabolic diseases, while CKD was significantly associated with diabetes and hypertension. CONCLUSION We found that middle-aged or older people who skipped breakfast had a significantly higher odds of having CKD compared to those who did not skip breakfast. However, metabolic diseases did not mediate the relationship between skipping breakfast and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulmin Gahm
- Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangshin Park
- Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, 163 Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea.
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Carter KJ, Ward AT, Al-Subu A, Wilson AD, Zevin EL, Serlin RC, Eldridge M, Wieben O, Schrage WG. An oral glucose tolerance test does not affect cerebral blood flow: role of NOS. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R759-R768. [PMID: 37842740 PMCID: PMC11178292 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00169.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal data indicate that insulin triggers a robust nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-mediated dilation in cerebral arteries similar to the peripheral tissue vasodilation observed in healthy adults. Insulin's role in regulating cerebral blood flow (CBF) in humans remains unclear but may be important for understanding the links between insulin resistance, diminished CBF, and poor brain health outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that an oral glucose challenge (oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT), which increases systemic insulin and glucose, would acutely increase CBF in healthy adults due to NOS-mediated vasodilation, and that changes in CBF would be greater in anterior regions where NOS expression or activity may be greater. In a randomized, single-blind approach, 18 young healthy adults (24 ± 5 yr) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a placebo before and after an OGTT (75 g glucose), and 11 of these adults also completed an NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) visit. Four-dimensional (4-D) flow MRI quantified macrovascular CBF and arterial spin labeling (ASL) quantified microvascular perfusion. Subjects completed baseline imaging with a placebo (or l-NMMA), then consumed an OGTT followed by MRI scans and blood sampling every 10-15 min for 90 min. Contrary to our hypothesis, total CBF (P = 0.17) and global perfusion (P > 0.05) did not change at any time point up to 60 min after the OGTT, and no regional changes were detected. l-NMMA did not mediate any effect of OGTT on CBF. These data suggest that insulin-glucose challenge does not acutely alter CBF in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Aaron T Ward
- Deparment of Center for Health Disparities Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Awni Al-Subu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Allen D Wilson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Erika L Zevin
- Department of Pediatrics, University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Ronald C Serlin
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Marlowe Eldridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Oliver Wieben
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - William G Schrage
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Kang J, Fardman BM, Ratamess NA, Faigenbaum AD, Bush JA. Efficacy of Postprandial Exercise in Mitigating Glycemic Responses in Overweight Individuals and Individuals with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4489. [PMID: 37892564 PMCID: PMC10610082 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies investigating the acute effect of postprandial exercise (PPE) on glucose responses exhibit significant heterogeneity in terms of participant demographic, exercise protocol, and exercise timing post-meal. As such, this study aimed to further analyze the existing literature on the impact of PPE on glycemic control in overweight individuals and individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A literature search was conducted through databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. Thirty-one original research studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to compare postprandial glucose area under the curve (AUC) and 24 h mean glucose levels between PPE and the time-matched no-exercise control (CON). Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore whether the glucose-lowering effect of PPE could be influenced by exercise duration, exercise timing post-meal, and the disease status of participants. This study revealed a significantly reduced glucose AUC (Hedges' g = -0.317; SE = 0.057; p < 0.05) and 24 h mean glucose levels (Hedges' g = -0.328; SE = 0.062; p < 0.05) following PPE compared to CON. The reduction in glucose AUC was greater (p < 0.05) following PPE lasting >30 min compared to ≤30 min. The reduction in 24 h mean glucose levels was also greater (p < 0.05) following PPE for ≥60 min compared to <60 min post-meal and in those with T2DM compared to those without T2DM. PPE offers a viable approach for glucose management and can be performed in various forms so long as exercise duration is sufficient. The glucose-lowering effect of PPE may be further enhanced by initiating it after the first hour post-meal. PPE is a promising strategy, particularly for patients with T2DM. This manuscript is registered with Research Registry (UIN: reviewregistry1693).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Kang
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Brian M. Fardman
- Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA;
| | - Nicholas A. Ratamess
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
| | - Jill A. Bush
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA; (N.A.R.); (A.D.F.); (J.A.B.)
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Kositanurit W, Korakot M, Burana C, Varachotisate P, Kerr SJ, Boonla C, Kulaputana O. Acute effect of various dosages of sugar ingestion on vascular function in offspring of hypertensive and normotensive parents. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1485-1492. [PMID: 37432905 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to study vascular function in healthy men with a parental history of hypertension compared to those without. Acute effect of various dosages of sugar ingestion on vascular function was also investigated in both groups. METHODS Thirty-two healthy men were recruited and divided into two groups, offspring of hypertensive parents (OHT) and offspring of normotensive parents (ONT). Participants were orally given 15, 30, and 60 g of sucrose solution compared to water. Peak forearm blood flow (FBF), forearm vascular resistance (FVR), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and oxidative stress markers were measured at baseline and after sucrose intake at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. RESULTS At baseline, peak FBF was significantly lower (22.40 ± 1.18 vs. 25.24 ± 0.63 ml × dl -1 × min -1 , P < 0.001), FVR was significantly higher (3.73 ± 0.42 vs. 3.30 ± 0.26 mmHg × ml -1 × dl × min, P = 0.002), and PWV was significantly faster (6.31 ± 0.59 vs. 5.78 ± 0.61 m/s, P = 0.017) in OHT than ONT. After each sucrose intake, peak FBF significantly declined and was lowest at 30 min in both groups. The reduction in peak FBF was seen in all doses of sucrose and the higher dose of sucrose intervened, the longer reduction in peak FBF observed. CONCLUSIONS Vascular function was attenuated in healthy men with a family history of hypertension and became worse after sucrose ingestion even at the low dose. Our findings suggest that the ones, especially those with a parental history of hypertension, should reduce sugar consumption as low as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerapat Kositanurit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society
| | - Manta Korakot
- Interdepartment of Physiology program, Chulalongkorn University
| | - Chuti Burana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society
| | - Pachara Varachotisate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society
| | | | - Chanchai Boonla
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onanong Kulaputana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society
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Ahn J, Baik JW, Kim D, Choi K, Lee S, Park SM, Kim JY, Nam SH, Kim C. In vivo photoacoustic monitoring of vasoconstriction induced by acute hyperglycemia. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 30:100485. [PMID: 37082618 PMCID: PMC10112177 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia, blood glucose spikes, induces endothelial dysfunction, increasing cardiovascular risks. Endothelial dysfunction leads to vasoconstriction, and observation of this phenomenon is important for understanding acute hyperglycemia. However, high-resolution imaging of microvessels during acute hyperglycemia has not been fully developed. Here, we demonstrate that photoacoustic microscopy can noninvasively monitor morphological changes in blood vessels of live animals' extremities when blood glucose rises rapidly. As blood glucose level rose from 100 to 400 mg/dL following intraperitoneal glucose injection, heart/breath rate, and body temperature remained constant, but arterioles constricted by approximately -5.7 ± 1.1% within 20 min, and gradually recovered for another 40 min. In contrast, venular diameters remained within about 0.6 ± 1.5% during arteriolar constriction. Our results experimentally and statistically demonstrate that acute hyperglycemia produces transitory vasoconstriction in arterioles, with an opposite trend of change in blood glucose. These findings could help understanding vascular glucose homeostasis and the relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joongho Ahn
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Baik
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Donggyu Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Karam Choi
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Nam
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Medical Science and Engineering, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors.
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Ravi L, Girish S, D'Souza SR, Sreenivas Bk A, Kumari Gr S, O A, Kumar K A, Manjunathan R. β-Sitosterol, a phytocompound from Parthenium hysterophorus, reveals anti-diabetic properties through α-Amylase inhibition: an i n-silico and in-vitro analysis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15033-15044. [PMID: 36880668 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2186703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to identify and validate a potential α-Amylase inhibitor from the leaf extract of the Parthenium hysterophorus. Molecular docking and dynamics analyses were performed to test the anti-diabetic efficacy of the compound by focusing on α-Amylase inhibition. The molecular docking study using AutoDock Vina (PyRx) and SeeSAR tools identified β-Sitosterol as an effective α-Amylase inhibitory compound. Among the analysed fifteen phytochemicals, β-Sitosterol demonstrated the most appreciable binding energy (-9.0 Kcal/mol) and is comparatively higher than the binding energy of the standard α-Amylase inhibitor, the Acarbose (-7.6 Kcal/mol). The significance of the interaction between β-Sitosterol and α-Amylase was further investigated using Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS) for 100 ns via GROMACS. The data reveals that the compound could exhibit the highest stability with α-Amylase regarding RMSD, RMSF, SASA and Potential Energy analysis. The key residue of α-Amylase (Asp -197) shows a significantly low fluctuation of 0.7 Å while interacting with β-Sitosterol. The data obtained from MDS results strongly suggested the potential inhibitory impact of β-Sitosterol on α-Amylase. In addition, the proposed phytochemical was purified from the leaf extracts of P.hysterophorus using the silica gel column chromatography and identified by GC-MS analysis. The purified β-Sitosterol demonstrated a significant 42.30% in-vitro α-Amylase enzyme inhibition property under 400 µg/ml concentration and thus supported the in-silico predictions. Further in-vivo investigations are necessary to analyse the efficiency of β-Sitosterol on α-Amylase inhibition to help the anti-diabetic potential of the phytocompound.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Ravi
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shabari Girish
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharun Roy D'Souza
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anirudh Sreenivas Bk
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shree Kumari Gr
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Archana O
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ajith Kumar K
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, St Joseph's University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Reji Manjunathan
- Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, Chengalpattu Government Medical College and Hospital, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
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11
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Carrillo‐Arango HA, Atencio‐Osorio MA, López‐Álban CA, Nava‐González EJ, Correa‐Rodríguez M, Izquierdo M, Ramírez‐Vélez R. Metabolic responses to acute sprint interval exercise training performed after an oral 75-gram glucose load in individuals with overweight/obesity. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15555. [PMID: 36695728 PMCID: PMC9875746 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence supporting that acute sprint interval training (SIT) might improve metabolic responses to postprandial glucose, but results are inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of acute SIT on metabolic response and substrate utilization in individuals with overweight/obesity after an oral 75-gram glucose challenge. Thirty-three participants with overweight/ obesity (32.7 ± 8.3 years, 24 male, 9 female) participated in the study and a crossover design was followed. After the 75-gram glucose load, participants were randomly allocated to two groups: no exercise (resting) or SIT protocol. Metabolic data including respiratory quotient (RQ) and substrate utilization rates (fats and carbohydrates) were collected using the COSMED Q-NRG + ® calorimeter. The RQ was significantly lower in the acute SIT group (0.76 [0.01]; p < 0.0001) than in the resting group (0.80 [0.01]; p = 0.036) at the 120-min postprandial time point, and the RQ area under the curve (AUC) was also lower in the SIT group (mean difference of -6.62, 95% CI -12.00 to -1.24; p = 0.0161). The contribution of fat to energy expenditure increased after SIT during the postprandial period whereas the contribution of carbohydrates decreased. The AUC for fat contribution was significantly higher (mean difference 2311.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 578.8 to 4043.3; p = 0.0098) and the AUC for carbohydrate contribution was significantly lower (mean difference -2283.1, 95% CI -4040.2 to -527.1; p = 0.0117) in the SIT group than in the resting group. In conclusions, acute SIT might have a positive effect on metabolic responses to postprandial glucose and, accordingly, should be recommended for improving metabolism in people with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Alejandro Carrillo‐Arango
- Grupo de Investigación en Deporte de Rendimiento (GRINDER), Programa de Educación Física y DeporteUniversidad del ValleCaliColombia
| | - Miguel Alejandro Atencio‐Osorio
- Grupo de Investigación en Deporte de Rendimiento (GRINDER), Programa de Educación Física y DeporteUniversidad del ValleCaliColombia
| | - Carlos Alejandro López‐Álban
- Grupo de Investigación en Deporte de Rendimiento (GRINDER), Programa de Educación Física y DeporteUniversidad del ValleCaliColombia
- Zoe H&F Centro Para la Investigación En Salud y Rendimiento HumanoCaliColombia
| | - Edna J. Nava‐González
- Facultad de Salud Pública y NutriciónUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónMonterrey, Nuevo LeónMéxico
| | - María Correa‐Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Biosanitary Research Institute (ibs.GRANADA)GranadaSpain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)PamplonaEspaña
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Robinson Ramírez‐Vélez
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)PamplonaEspaña
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la EducaciónUnidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA)TúluaColombia
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12
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Protective Role of Chronic Exercise Training in Modulating the Impact of Hyperglycemia on Vascular Sensitivity to Ischemia-Reperfusion. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010212. [PMID: 36615872 PMCID: PMC9823667 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia (HG) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in acute ischemic events. Regardless of the tissue or organs involved, the vascular endothelium is a key target of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury severity. Among endothelium-protective strategies, exercise has been widely described as useful. However, whether this strategy is able to impact the deleterious effect of HG on endothelial function during I/R has never been challenged. For this, 48 male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups: sedentary (Sed) or exercised (Ex, 45 min/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks) rats, treated (hyperglycemic, HG) or not (normoglycemic, NG) with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg, 48 h before procedure). Vascular I/R (120/15 min) was performed by clamping the femoral artery. Arterial and downstream muscular perfusions were assessed using laser speckle contrast imaging. Vascular endothelial function was assessed in vivo 15 min after reperfusion. HG was responsible for impairment of reperfusion blood flow as well as endothelial function. Interestingly exercise was able to prevent those impairments in the HG group. In agreement with the previous results, HG increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability whereas exercise training normalized these parameters. It, therefore, appears that exercise may be an effective prevention strategy against the exacerbation of vascular and muscular damage by hyperglycemia during I/R.
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13
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Diet and Proteinuria: State of Art. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010044. [PMID: 36613485 PMCID: PMC9819984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is a broad term used to describe the pathological presence of proteins, including albumin, globulin, Bence-Jones protein, and mucoprotein in the urine. When persistent, proteinuria is a marker of kidney damage and represents a reliable predictor of the risk of progression of renal failure. Medical nutrition therapy is imperative for patients with proteinuria because it may slow the progression of renal disease. The aim of this review is to explore different nutritional approaches in the management of proteinuria and their influence on pathophysiological processes. As such, protein restriction is the main dietary intervention. Indeed, other management approaches are frequently used to reduce it regarding micro and macronutrients, but also the dietary style. Among these, the nutritional approach represents one of the most used and controversial interventions and the studies rarely take the form of randomized and controlled trials. With this work we aspire to analyze current clinical knowledge of how nutrition could influence proteinuria, potentially representing a useful tool in the management of proteinuric nephropathy.
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14
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Liu J, Du X, Yao Q, Jiang T, Cui Q, Xie X, Zhao Z, Lai B, Wang N, Xiao L. Procyanidin B2 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction induced by nicotine via the induction of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Chen L, Xu R, McDonald JD, Bruno RS, Choueiry F, Zhu J. Dairy Milk Casein and Whey Proteins Differentially Alter the Postprandial Lipidome in Persons with Prediabetes: A Comparative Lipidomics Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10209-10220. [PMID: 35948437 PMCID: PMC10352119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dairy milk, likely through its bioactive proteins, has been reported to attenuate postprandial hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress responses implicated in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, how its major proteins, whey and casein, alter metabolic excursions of the lipidome in persons with prediabetes is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine whey or casein protein ingestion on glucose-induced alternations in lipidomic responses in adults (17 males and 6 females) with prediabetes. In this clinical study, participants consumed glucose alone, glucose + nonfat milk (NFM), or glucose with either whey (WHEY) or casein (CASEIN) protein, and plasma samples were collected at multiple time points. Lipidomics data from plasma samples was acquired using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry-based platform. Our results indicated that glucose ingestion alone induced the largest number of changes in plasma lipids. WHEY showed an earlier and stronger impact to maintain the stability of the lipidome compared with CASEIN. WHEY protected against glucose-induced changes in glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid (SP) metabolism, while ether lipid metabolism and SP metabolism were the pathways most greatly impacted in CASEIN. Meanwhile, the decreased acyl carnitines and fatty acid (FA) 16:0 levels could attenuate lipid peroxidation after protein intervention to protect insulin secretory capacity. Diabetes-associated lipids, the increased phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 34:2 and decreased phosphatidylcholine (PC) 34:3 in the NFM-T90 min, elevated PC 35:4 and decreased CE 18:1 to a CE 18:2 ratio in the WHEY-T180 min, decreased lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 22:6 and LPC 22:0/0:0 in the CASEIN-T90 min, and decreased PE 36:1 in the CASEIN-T180 min, indicating a decreased risk for prediabetes. Collectively, our study suggested that dairy milk proteins are responsible for the protective effect of non-fat milk on glucose-induced changes in the lipidome, which may potentially influence long-term CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rui Xu
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joshua D. McDonald
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard S. Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Fouad Choueiry
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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16
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Khalafi M, Mojtahedi S, Ostovar A, Rosenkranz SK, Korivi M. High-intensity interval exercise versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise on postprandial glucose and insulin responses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13459. [PMID: 35535401 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) as compared to moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) and a control condition (CON) on postprandial glucose (PPG) and insulin (PPI) responses. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were comprehensively searched to identify relevant studies until October 2021. Separate analyses were conducted for HIIE versus MIE and HIIE versus CON. A total of 30 studies comprising 36 intervention arms and involving 467 participants (350 adults) were included in the meta-analysis. HIIE reduced PPG and PPI when compared with CON. Based on subgroup analyses, reductions in PPG and PPI were significant for both children and adult participants, as well as for healthy participants and participants with metabolic disorders, with larger effects in those with metabolic disorders. There were no significant differences between HIIE and MIE for PPG or PPI. However, when comparing studies matched for total work performed, HIIE was more effective for decreasing PPG as compared with MIE. HIIE is effective for reducing PPG and PPI in both children and adult participants, particularly in those with metabolic disorders. In addition, HIIE has superior effects for reducing PPG as compared with MIE, when equivalent work was performed at both intensity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shima Mojtahedi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostovar
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Exercise and Metabolism Research Center, College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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17
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Oyewusi HA, Wu YS, Safi SZ, Wahab RA, Hatta MHM, Batumalaie K. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the inhibitory mechanism of Withanolide A against α-glucosidase and α-amylase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35904027 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The unsavory severe gastrointestinal side-effects of synthetic drugs to regulate hyperglycemia have warranted the search for alternative treatments to inhibit the carbohydrate digestive enzymes (e.g. α-amylase and α-glucosidase). Certain phytochemicals recently captured the scientific community's attention as carbohydrate digestive enzyme inhibitors due to their low toxicity and high efficacy, specifically the Withanolides-loaded extract of Withania somnifera. That said, the present study evaluated in silico the efficacy of Withanolide A in targeting both α-amylase and α-glucosidase in comparison to the synthetic drug Acarbose. Protein-ligand interactions, binding affinity, and stability were characterized using pharmacological profiling, high-end molecular docking, and molecular-dynamic simulation. Withanolide A inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase and α-amylase better, exhibiting good pharmacokinetic properties, absorption, and metabolism. Also, Withanolide A was minimally toxic, with higher bioavailability. Interestingly, Withanolide A bonded well to the active site of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, yielding the lowest binding free energy of -82.144 ± 10.671 kcal/mol and -102.1043 ± 11.231 kcal/mol compared to the Acarbose-enzyme complexes (-63.220 ± 13.283 kcal/mol and -82.148 ± 10.671 kcal/mol). Hence, the findings supported the therapeutic potential of Withanolide A as α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor for DM treatment.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habeebat Adekilekun Oyewusi
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.,Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Science Technology, Biochemistry unit, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Yuan-Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- IRCBM, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | | | - Kalaivani Batumalaie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Asia Metropolitan University, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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18
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Efrat M, Stein A, Pinkas H, Unger R, Birk R. Sugar Consumption Is Negatively Associated with Semen Quality. Reprod Sci 2022; 29:3000-3006. [PMID: 35606632 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-00973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, in parallel to decrease in semen quality, the consumption of sugar has risen sharply. This provided the rationale to study the association between whole dietary sugar consumption and semen quality. Our aim was to investigate the association between sugar consumption and semen quality. The final cross-sectional study population (n = 280 of initial n = 593, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria) attending routine semen analysis at sperm bank laboratory was subject to semen quality analysis according to WHO criteria (volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, percentage total motility, and percentage normal morphology) and filled food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and lifestyle questionnaire. Associations between consumed sugars and semen quality were analyzed using multivariate regression adjusted to relevant cofounders for 2 food components containing sugar including soft drinks (SoftD) and total added sugar to food products (SugProd). We found negative association between higher consumption of dietary sugar in all 2 dietary sub-categories and sperm concentration. Significant sperm concentration decrements of 18% and 23% were associated with SoftD median consumption of 0.2 drinks/day (IQR; 0.1-0.5 drinks/day). Significant sperm concentration decrements of 15% and 17% were associated with median SugProd consumption of 25 teaspoons of added sugar/day (IQR; 19-31 teaspoons of added sugar/day). In conclusion, our study findings demonstrate that sugar consumption is negatively associated with sperm concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Efrat
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel.,The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Anat Stein
- Sperm Bank and Male Infertility Clinic, Belinson Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Pinkas
- Sperm Bank and Male Infertility Clinic, Belinson Hospital, Petah-Tiqva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ron Unger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, 40700, Ariel, Israel.
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19
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Daily Inclusion of Resistant Starch-Containing Potatoes in a Dietary Guidelines for Americans Dietary Pattern Does Not Adversely Affect Cardiometabolic Risk or Intestinal Permeability in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081545. [PMID: 35458108 PMCID: PMC9026745 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor diet quality influences cardiometabolic risk. Although potatoes are suggested to adversely affect cardiometabolic health, controlled trials that can establish causality are limited. Consistent with potatoes being rich in micronutrients and resistant starch, we hypothesized that their inclusion in a Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)-based dietary pattern would improve cardiometabolic and gut health in metabolic syndrome (MetS) persons. In a randomized cross-over trial, MetS persons (n = 27; 32.5 ± 1.3 year) consumed a DGA-based diet for 2 weeks containing potatoes (DGA + POTATO; 17.5 g/day resistant starch) or bagels (DGA + BAGEL; 0 g/day resistant starch) prior to completing oral glucose and gut permeability tests. Blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, and insulin resistance decreased (p < 0.05) from baseline regardless of treatment without any change in body mass. Oral glucose-induced changes in brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, nitric oxide homeostasis, and lipid peroxidation did not differ between treatment arms. Serum endotoxin AUC0−120 min and urinary lactulose/mannitol, but not urinary sucralose/erythritol, were lower in DGA + POTATO. Fecal microbiome showed limited between-treatment differences, but the proportion of acetate was higher in DGA + POTATO. Thus, short-term consumption of a DGA-based diet decreases cardiometabolic risk, and the incorporation of resistant starch-containing potatoes into a healthy diet reduces small intestinal permeability and postprandial endotoxemia.
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20
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Muratsu J, Kamide K, Fujimoto T, Takeya Y, Sugimoto K, Taniyama Y, Morishima A, Sakaguchi K, Rakugi H. Lower body mass index potentiates the association between skipping breakfast and prevalence of proteinuria. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916374. [PMID: 36060962 PMCID: PMC9437953 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteinuria is an important predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Several studies reported the association between skipping breakfast and the prevalence of proteinuria. Furthermore, skipping breakfast was associated with an increased risk of obesity. Although proteinuria is highly prevalent in obese individuals, the association between the prevalence of proteinuria and low body mass index (BMI) was reported in a previous cross-sectional study in asymptomatic individuals without known kidney diseases. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the clinical impact of BMI on the association between skipping breakfast and the prevalence of proteinuria in normal renal function subjects. METHODS The present study included 26,888 subjects (15,875 males and 11,013 females) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and no history of kidney disease who underwent a health checkup in Sumitomo Hospital. The association between skipping breakfast and the prevalence of proteinuria (defined as dipstick proteinuria of ≥1+) was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for clinically relevant factors. RESULTS Skipping breakfast was reported in 3,306 males (20.8%) and 1,514 females (13.8%). Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models showed that skipping breakfast was significantly associated with the prevalence of proteinuria above 1+. This association was evident in lower BMI subjects, even after adjusting for clinically relevant factors (adjusted odds ratios of males and females were 1.67 [1.17-2.38] and 1.92 [1.31-2.82], respectively), whereas this association was not evident in higher BMI subjects. CONCLUSION Lower BMI subjects with proteinuria might need to be careful about skipping breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Muratsu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Rinku General Medical Center, Izumisano City, Japan
- *Correspondence: Jun Muratsu,
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujimoto
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takeya
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- Department of General and Geriatric Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Taniyama
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Morishima
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Abstract
Low-quality dietary patterns impair cardiometabolic health by increasing the risk of obesity-related disorders. Cardiometabolic risk relative to dairy-food consumption continues to be a controversial topic, due to recommendations that endorse low-fat and nonfat dairy foods over full-fat varieties despite accumulated evidence that does not strongly support these recommendations. Controlled human studies and mechanistic preclinical investigations support that full-fat dairy foods decrease cardiometabolic risk by promoting gut health, reducing inflammation, and managing dyslipidemia. These gut- and systemic-level cardiometabolic benefits are attributed, at least in part, to milk polar lipids (MPLs) derived from the phospholipid- and sphingolipid-rich milk fat globule membrane that is of higher abundance in full-fat dairy milk. The controversy surrounding full-fat dairy food consumption is discussed in this review relative to cardiometabolic health and MPL bioactivities that alleviate dyslipidemia, shift gut microbiota composition, and reduce inflammation. This summary, therefore, is expected to advance the understanding of full-fat dairy foods through their MPLs and the need for translational research to establish evidence-based dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Avinash Pokala
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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22
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Vincellette CM, Losso J, Early K, Spielmann G, Irving BA, Allerton TD. Supplemental Watermelon Juice Attenuates Acute Hyperglycemia-Induced Macro-and Microvascular Dysfunction in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2021; 151:3450-3458. [PMID: 34510203 PMCID: PMC8562079 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia reduces NO bioavailability and causes macro- and microvascular dysfunction. Watermelon juice (WMJ) is a natural source of the amino acid citrulline, which is metabolized to form arginine for the NO cycle and may improve vascular function. OBJECTIVES We examined the effects of 2 weeks of WMJ compared to a calorie-matched placebo (PLA) to attenuate acute hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction. METHODS In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, 6 men and 11 women (aged 21-25; BMI, 23.5 ± 3.2 kg/m2) received 2 weeks of daily WMJ (500 mL) or a PLA drink followed by an oral-glucose-tolerance test. Postprandial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was measured by ultrasound (primary outcome), while postprandial microvascular blood flow (MVBF) and ischemic reperfusion were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) vascular occlusion test (VOT). RESULTS The postprandial FMD area AUC was higher after WMJ supplementation compared to PLA supplementation (838 ± 459% · 90 min compared with 539 ± 278% · 90 min; P = 0.03). The postprandial MVBF (AUC) was higher (P = 0.01) following WMJ supplementation (51.0 ± 29.1 mL blood · 100 mL tissue-1 · min-1 · 90 min) compared to the PLA (36.0 ± 20.5 mL blood · 100 mL tissue-1 · min-1 · 90 min; P = 0.01). There was a significant treatment effect (P = 0.048) for WMJ supplementation (71.2 ± 1.5%) to increase baseline tissue oxygen saturation (StO2%) when compared to PLA (65.9 ± 1.7%). The ischemic-reperfusion slope was not affected by WMJ treatment (P = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS Two weeks of daily WMJ supplementation improved FMD and some aspects of microvascular function (NIRS-VOT) during experimentally induced acute hyperglycemia in healthy adults. Preserved postprandial endothelial function and enhanced skeletal muscle StO2% are likely partially mediated by increased NO production (via citrulline conversion into arginine) and by the potential antioxidant effect of other bioactive compounds in WMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Losso
- Louisiana State University, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Kate Early
- Columbus State University, Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Columbus, GA, USA
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- Louisiana State University, Department of Kinesiology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Vascular Metabolism Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Brian A Irving
- Louisiana State University, Department of Kinesiology, Baton Rouge, LA, USA,Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Vascular Metabolism Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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Zhou FL, Deng MY, Deng LL, Li YM, Mo D, Xie LJ, Gao Y, Tian HM, Guo YK, Ren Y. Evaluation of the effects of glycated hemoglobin on cardiac function in patients with short-duration type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cardiovascular magnetic resonance study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 178:108952. [PMID: 34273454 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and myocardial dysfunction and to determine whether its association is independent of myocardial perfusion. METHODS Sixty-four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were recruited. They were divided into groups according to their HbA1c level: the controlled T2DM group (HbA1c < 7%) and uncontrolled T2DM groups (HbA1c ≥ 7%). Meanwhile, 30 age-matched healthy volunteers were included. All patients with T2DM and healthy controls underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the myocardial mechanics and perfusion parameters. RESULTS The circumferential and longitudinal peak strain (PS) (p = 0.009 and 0.002 respectively) and global radial, circumferential, and longitudinal peak strain diastolic strain rates (PDSRs) (p = 0.002, 0.001, and 0.001 respectively) were lower in the uncontrolled T2DM group than in the controls without diabetes. In multivariable linear regression analysis, HbA1c was independently related to all directions of the PS and PDSR. The myocardial perfusion parameters were not independently associated with the PS or PDSR. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac function is impaired in Chinese T2DM patients with poor glucose control (HbA1c ≥ 7%), with preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, and disease duration <10 years. Poor blood glucose control is an independent predictor of LV myocardial dysfunction for patients with short-term T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Li Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXue Street, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yan Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXue Street, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ling Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXue Street, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXue Street, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Mo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXue Street, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Jun Xie
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXue Street, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Kun Guo
- Department of Radiology, Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 GuoXue Street, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Yang J, Wang X, Zhang C, Ma L, Wei T, Zhao Y, Peng X. Comparative study of inhibition mechanisms of structurally different flavonoid compounds on α-glucosidase and synergistic effect with acarbose. Food Chem 2021; 347:129056. [PMID: 33476922 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoid compounds have anti-diabetic activity, which can control blood glucose levels by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity. In this paper, the inhibition mechanisms between four flavonoid compounds and α-glucosidase were studied by multispectroscopic methods and molecular docking. The results showed that the inhibitory activities of flavonoid compounds were higher than that of acarbose, and the sequence of inhibition effect was scutellarein > nepetin > apigenin > hispidulin > acarbose. Also, the synergistic effects of flavonoid compounds combined with acarbose on inhibiting α-glucosidase activity were observed. The fluorescence results showed that flavonoid compounds combined with α-glucosidase to form a stable complex. And the spectral analysis indicated that the microenvironmental and secondary structure of α-glucosidase were changed. The present study demonstrated that the molecular structure of flavonoid compounds played an important role in the inhibition process, namely, scutellarein with more hydroxyl groups on the A-ring might serve as the most effective α-glucosidase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichen Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Chuanying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Lun Ma
- Shaanxi Zhuyuanbang Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Tao Wei
- Shaanxi Zhuyuanbang Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710048, PR China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xin Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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Loffredo L, Ben MD, Bartimoccia S, Castellani V, Mancinella M, Ciacci P, Orlando F, Paraninfi A, Angelico F, Ferro D, Cammisotto V, Carnevale R. Chocolate enriched by extra virgin olive oil improves endothelial function and oxidative stress in patients with diabetes. Nutrition 2021; 90:111270. [PMID: 34010747 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are among the most relevant mechanisms underlying the atherosclerotic process in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2 DM). Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) reduces postprandial glycemia with a mechanism counteracting oxidative stress-mediated incretin down-regulation in healthy subjects and in patients with impaired fasting glucose. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the intake of chocolate enriched by EVOO had positive effects on endothelial function and oxidative stress in patients with T2 DM. METHODS In this study we enrolled and randomly assigned 25 consecutive patients with T2 DM to receive 40 g of EVOO-enriched chocolate or 40 g of control chocolate spread. Participants were assessed at baseline and 2 h after chocolate intake. Endothelial function was assessed by arterial brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD); oxidative stress was evaluated by the measurement of serum nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-2 (Nox2) levels, nitric oxide availability, and serum hydrogen peroxide breakdown activity (HBA). RESULTS We observed a significant increase of FMD, nitric oxide (NO) availability, and HBA in the EVOO-enriched chocolate group (P < 0.001). Conversely, soluble Nox2-derived peptide (sNox2-dp) levels significantly decreased (P < 0.001). No significant change was observed in the control chocolate group. To assess the relation of EVOO-enriched chocolate to endothelial function and oxidative stress, a general linear model (GLM) analysis was performed; a significant difference for treatments was found with respect to FMD, NO availability, HBA, and sNox-dp. CONCLUSIONS Administration of 40 g of EVOO-enriched chocolate is associated with increased endothelial function and reduction of oxidative stress in patients with T2 DM. Future studies are needed to analyze the effect of chronic assumption of EVOO-enriched chocolate on vascular function, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular complications in patients with T2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Loffredo
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Del Ben
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Castellani
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ciacci
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Orlando
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Paraninfi
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angelico
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Ferro
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic, and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy.
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Sakata K, Kito K, Tanabe K, Fukuoka N, Nagase K, Iida H. Propofol But Not Desflurane Maintains Rat Cerebral Arteriolar Responses to Acetylcholine During Acute Hyperglycemia. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2021; 33:177-182. [PMID: 31306261 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia causes vascular endothelial dysfunction in various organs including the cerebral vessels. It is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in the perioperative period. The impact of anesthetic agents on cerebral vasodilatory responses during hyperglycemia remains unclear. We investigated endothelial function in rat cerebral arterioles during acute hyperglycemia, under propofol or desflurane anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS A closed cranial window preparation was used to measure changes in pial arteriole diameter induced by topical application of acetylcholine (ACh), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, in rats anesthetized with propofol or desflurane. Pial arteriole responses to ACh were measured during normoglycemia and hyperglycemia. We then investigated whether the response of cerebral arterioles to acute hyperglycemia under propofol anesthesia were related to propofol or its vehicle, intralipid. RESULTS ACh resulted in a dose-dependent dilation of cerebral arterioles during propofol and desflurane anesthesia under normoglycemic conditions. The vasodilatory effects of ACh were also maintained under hyperglycemic conditions during propofol anesthesia, but the vasodilator response to ACh was significantly impaired during hyperglycemia compared with normoglycemia with desflurane anesthesia. The vasodilatory effects of ACh were maintained during normoglycemia and hyperglycemia in rats receiving propofol or intralipid. CONCLUSIONS Rat pial arteriole responses to ACh are maintained during conditions of acute hyperglycemia with propofol anesthesia but suppressed compared with normoglycemia with desflurane anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sakata
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Chavda V, Shah P, Patel SS, Bhadada S. Pre-exposure of voglibose exerts cerebroprotective effects through attenuating activation of the polyol pathway and inflammation. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53:2541-2552. [PMID: 33608957 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia induces activation of the polyol-sorbitol pathway, which is a major contributor to microvascular complications like stroke. The current study was designed to elucidate the therapeutic role of α-glucose inhibitor in chronic hyperglycemia-induced impaired polyol pathway and associated micro-complications. Male albino-Wistar rats (200-250 g) were treated with voglibose 10 mg kg-1 day-1 /p.o. for 2 weeks before middle cerebral artery occlusion; 72 hr after surgery, neurological score was evaluated and blood was collected for the assessment of various serum biochemical parameters like CRP, CK-MB, LDH, lipid profile, and blood glucose levels. In the end, brain samples were excised for determination of brain infarct volume, brain hemisphere weight difference, Na+-K+ ATPase activity oxidative stress-related parameters, aldose reductase activity, and gene expression studies. Results from the present study indicate that pre-treatment with voglibose showed significant improvement in lipid parameters but did not impact glucose levels. Voglibose has shown a statistically significant (p < .05) reduction in neurological score and brain infarct volume, and the difference in brain hemisphere weight as compared to the disease control group. Voglibose significantly (p < .05) improve all biochemical parameters and reduced Na+-K+ ATPase and aldose reductase activity. Moreover, voglibose produced a significant reduction in oxidative stress and down-regulation of TNF-α and BCl-2 gene expression which reduces the risk of factors related to stroke. In conclusion, the pleiotropic effect of voglibose on cerebrovascular complications may be due to inhibition of aldose reductase or anti-inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chavda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pooja Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Snehal S Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Shraddha Bhadada
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmadabad, Gujarat, India
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Frequency of Breakfast, Lunch, and Dinner and Incidence of Proteinuria: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113549. [PMID: 33228218 PMCID: PMC7699477 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although multiple studies have revealed a close association of skipping breakfast with cardiometabolic diseases, few studies have reported its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, there is scant reporting on the clinical impacts that skipping lunch and dinner has on cardiometabolic diseases and CKD. This retrospective cohort study, including 5439 female and 4674 male workers of a national university in Japan who underwent annual health checkups between January 2005 and March 2013, aimed to assess an association of frequencies of breakfast, lunch, and dinner with incidence of proteinuria (dipstick urinary protein ≥1+). The incidence of proteinuria was observed in 763 (14.0%) females and 617 (13.2%) males during the median 4.3 and 5.9 years of the observational period, respectively. In females, skipping breakfast as well as skipping dinner, but not lunch, were associated with the incidence of proteinuria (adjusted hazard ratios of breakfast frequency of "every day", "sometimes", and "rarely": 1.00 (reference), 1.35 (1.09-1.66), and 1.54 (1.22-1.94), respectively; those of dinner frequency of "every day" and "≤sometimes": 1.00 (reference) and 1.31 (1.00-1.72), respectively). However, no association was observed in male workers. Skipping breakfast and skipping dinner were identified as risk factors of proteinuria in females, but not in males.
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Smeets ETHC, Mensink RP, Joris PJ. Dietary macronutrients do not differently affect postprandial vascular endothelial function in apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1443-1451. [PMID: 32728881 PMCID: PMC7987601 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Well-designed trials comparing side-by-side effects of macronutrients on postprandial endothelial function are missing. Therefore, we investigated under well-controlled and isocaloric condition effects of fat, carbohydrates, and protein on postprandial endothelial function as assessed by brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), an important non-invasive technique to assess endothelial function. Methods Eighteen apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men (BMI 26.0–35.0 kg/m2) completed this randomized, double-blinded, cross-over trial. The study consisted of three test days each separated by a wash-out period of at least 1 week. After an overnight fast, men received an isocaloric meal providing 3987 kJ (953 kcal) that was either high in dietary fat (En% fat [F]/carbohydrates [C]/protein [P]: 52.3, 39.2, 8.0), carbohydrates (En% F/C/P: 9.6, 81.5, 8.6), or protein (En% F/C/P: 10.6, 51.5, 36.9). Fasting and 2-h postprandial FMD responses were measured. Results A postprandial decrease of 1.2% point in FMD was observed after the high-protein meal (P = 0.015). However, postprandial changes did not differ between meals (P = 0.45). An increase in baseline brachial artery diameters was observed after the high-protein meal (P < 0.001) and changes differed between meals (P = 0.020). A meal*time interaction was found for plasma glucose concentrations, with the most pronounced increases after the high-carbohydrate meal at T15, T30, T60, and T90 (P < 0.05). A significant time and meal (P < 0.001), but no time*meal effect (P = 0.06) was found for serum insulin concentrations. Increases in serum triacylglycerol concentrations did not differ between meals (P = 0.014). Conclusion Macronutrients did not differently affect postprandial endothelial function in apparently healthy overweight and slightly obese men. Trial registration Trial registration number (ClinicalTrials.gov) NCT03139890 in May 2017 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02340-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T H C Smeets
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Joris
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Del Ben M, Nocella C, Loffredo L, Bartimoccia S, Cammisotto V, Mancinella M, Angelico F, Valenti V, Cavarretta E, Carnevale R, Violi F. Oleuropein-enriched chocolate by extra virgin olive oil blunts hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients: Results from a one-time 2-hour post-prandial cross over study. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:2187-2191. [PMID: 31585740 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hirahatake KM, Bruno RS, Bolling BW, Blesso C, Alexander LM, Adams SH. Dairy Foods and Dairy Fats: New Perspectives on Pathways Implicated in Cardiometabolic Health. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:266-279. [PMID: 31555799 PMCID: PMC7442361 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-fat and nonfat dairy products have been promoted as part of a healthy dietary pattern by both US dietary guidelines and professional organizations for several decades. The basis for this recommendation stems in part from the putative negative cardiometabolic effects associated with saturated fat consumption. However, as nutrition research has shifted from a single nutrient to a whole-food/dietary pattern approach, the role of dairy foods and dairy fat in the diet-disease relationship is being reexamined. Most observational and experimental evidence does not support a detrimental relationship between full-fat dairy intake and cardiometabolic health, including risks of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, an expanded understanding of the dairy food matrix and the bioactive properties of dairy fats and other constituents suggests a neutral or potentially beneficial role in cardiometabolic health. To consider how consuming dairy foods, including full-fat dairy, is associated with cardiometabolic health, this review provides an innovative perspective on mechanisms that link dairy consumption to 3 main biological systems at the core of metabolic health, the gastrointestinal, hepatic, and vascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Hirahatake
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lacy M Alexander
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Address correspondence to SHA (e-mail: )
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Azemi AK, Mokhtar SS, Rasool AHG. Clinacanthus nutans: Its potential against diabetic vascular diseases. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000118838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Peçanha D, Huguenin GVB, De Lorenzo A, Tibirica E. Increased systemic endothelial-dependent microvascular reactivity after ingestion of a high-carbohydrate snack in young, healthy volunteers. Microvasc Res 2019; 129:103962. [PMID: 31786189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the acute effect of a high-carbohydrate snack (HCS) on systemic microvascular function of healthy, young volunteers, using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). METHODS Cutaneous microvascular blood flow was assessed in the forearm with LSCI coupled to iontophoresis of acetylcholine, using increasing anodal currents, before and after (25 min) the ingestion of a HCS or water (control). Twenty volunteers (10 male) received a single HCS (70 g of carbohydrates) in the fasting state in the morning. RESULTS The area under the curve (AUC) of acetylcholine-induced microvascular vasodilation increased from 17,847 ± 4539 to 20,315 ± 7168 arbitrary perfusion units/s (P = 0.03) after ingestion of a HCS, but was unchanged after the ingestion of water (P = 0.22). CONCLUSION A single snack consisting on an acute oral load of carbohydrates induced a significant increase of endothelium-dependent microvascular vasodilation in healthy, young subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Peçanha
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Heart Institute Edson Saad, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Grazielle Vilas Bôas Huguenin
- National Institute of Cardiology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Emilia de Jesus Ferreiro, Nutrition Faculty, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Machida S, Mukai S, Kono R, Funato M, Saito H, Uchiyama T. Synthesis and Comparative Structure-Activity Study of Carbohydrate-Based Phenolic Compounds as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors and Antioxidants. Molecules 2019; 24:E4340. [PMID: 31783621 PMCID: PMC6930660 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-one natural and unnatural phenolic compounds containing a carbohydrate moiety were synthesized and their structure-activity relationship (SAR) was evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidative activity. Varying the position of the galloyl unit on the 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol (1,5-AG) core resulted in changes in the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and notably, particularly strong activity was demonstrated when the galloyl unit was present at the C-2 position. Furthermore, increasing the number of the galloyl units significantly affected the α-glucosidase inhibition, and 2,3,4,6-tetra-galloyl-1,5-AG (54) and 2,3,4,6-tetra-galloyl-d-glucopyranose (61) exhibited excellent activities, which were more than 13-fold higher than the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of acertannin (37). Moreover, a comparative structure-activity study suggested that a hemiacetal hydroxyl functionality in the carbohydrate core and a biaryl bond of the 4,6-O-hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) group, which are components of ellagitannins including tellimagrandin I, are not necessary for the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Lastly, the antioxidant activity increased proportionally with the number of galloyl units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Taketo Uchiyama
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan; (S.M.); (S.M.); (R.K.); (M.F.); (H.S.)
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Whisner CM, Angadi SS, Weltman NY, Weltman A, Rodriguez J, Patrie JT, Gaesser GA. Effects of Low-Fat and High-Fat Meals, with and without Dietary Fiber, on Postprandial Endothelial Function, Triglyceridemia, and Glycemia in Adolescents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112626. [PMID: 31684015 PMCID: PMC6893531 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fiber-rich foods may negate the deleterious effects of high-fat meals on postprandial triglyceridemia and endothelial function. Despite supportive data in adults, little is known about the effects of high-fat and high-fiber foods on cardiovascular health parameters in pediatric populations. In this crossover trial, male and female adolescents (n = 10; 14.1 + 2.6 years; range 10–17 years) consumed (1) low-fat, low-fiber, (2) low-fat, high-fiber, (3) high-fat, low-fiber, and (4) high-fat, high-fiber breakfast meals in randomized order, each following an overnight fast. Baseline and 4 h post-meal blood was obtained for determination of glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Endothelial function was assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Postprandial FMD was not significantly changed after any meal. However, regression analyses revealed a significant inverse relationship between the change in 4 h triglyceride concentration and change in 4 h FMD for the high-fat, low-fiber meal (β = −0.087; 95% CI = −0.138 to −0.037; p = 0.001) that was no longer significant in the high-fat, high-fiber meal (β = −0.044; 95% CI = −0.117 to 0.029; p = 0.227). Interpretation of these analyses must be qualified by acknowledging that between-meal comparison revealed that the two regression lines were not statistically different (p = 0.226). Addition of high-fiber cereal to the high-fat meal also reduced 4 h postprandial triglyceride increases by ~50% (p = 0.056). A high-fiber breakfast cereal did not attenuate postprandial glucose and insulin responses after consumption of a low-fat meal. While further work is needed to confirm these results in larger cohorts, our findings indicate the potential importance of cereal fiber in blunting the inverse relationship between postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and FMD after consumption of a high-fat meal in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N Third St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Siddhartha S Angadi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N Third St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Nathan Y Weltman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Management, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Arthur Weltman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | | | - James T Patrie
- Department of Public Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - Glenn A Gaesser
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N Third St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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West S, Smail O, Bond B. The acute influence of sucrose consumption with and without vitamin C co-ingestion on microvascular reactivity in healthy young adults. Microvasc Res 2019; 126:103906. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2019.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gaesser GA, Rodriguez J, Patrie JT, Whisner CM, Angadi SS. Effects of Glycemic Index and Cereal Fiber on Postprandial Endothelial Function, Glycemia, and Insulinemia in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102387. [PMID: 31590437 PMCID: PMC6835298 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both glycemic index and dietary fiber are associated with cardiovascular disease risk, which may be related in part to postprandial vascular effects. We examined the effects of both glycemic index (GI) and dietary (mainly cereal) fiber on postprandial endothelial function. Eleven adults (5 men; 6 women; age = 42.4 ± 16.1 years; weight = 70.5 ± 10.7 kg; height = 173.7 ± 8.7 cm) consumed four different breakfast meals on separate, randomized occasions: High-Fiber, Low-GI (HF-LGI: Fiber = 20.4 g; GI = 44); Low-Fiber, Low-GI (LF-LGI: Fiber = 4.3 g; GI = 43); Low-Fiber, High-GI (LF-HGI: Fiber = 3.6 g; GI = 70); High-Fiber, High-GI (HF-HGI: Fiber = 20.3 g; GI = 71). Meals were equal in total kcal (~600) and macronutrient composition (~90 g digestible carbohydrate; ~21 g protein; ~15 g fat). The HF-LGI meal resulted in a significant increase in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) 4 h after meal ingestion (7.8% ± 5.9% to 13.2% ± 5.5%; p = 0.02). FMD was not changed after the other meals. Regardless of fiber content, low-GI meals resulted in ~9% lower 4-h glucose area under curve (AUC) (p < 0.05). The HF-LGI meal produced the lowest 4-h insulin AUC, which was ~43% lower than LF-HGI and HF-HGI (p < 0.001), and 28% lower than LF-LGI (p = 0.02). We conclude that in healthy adults, a meal with low GI and high in cereal fiber enhances postprandial endothelial function. Although the effect of a low-GI meal on reducing postprandial glucose AUC was independent of fiber, the effect of a low-GI meal on reducing postprandial insulin AUC was augmented by cereal fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Gaesser
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | | | - James T Patrie
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Siddhartha S Angadi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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Varsamis P, Formosa MF, Larsen RN, Reddy-Luthmoodoo M, Jennings GL, Cohen ND, Grace M, Hawley JA, Devlin BL, Owen N, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, Kingwell BA. Between-meal sucrose-sweetened beverage consumption impairs glycaemia and lipid metabolism during prolonged sitting: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2019; 38:1536-1543. [PMID: 30217471 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is associated with unfavourable health effects, including promotion of obesity. However, the acute effects of consuming SSBs on glucose and lipid metabolism remain to be characterized in a real-world, post-prandial context of prolonged sitting. We quantified the acute effects of between-meal SSB consumption compared with water, on glucose and lipid metabolism in habitual soft drink consumers during prolonged sitting. METHODS Twenty-eight overweight or obese young adults [15 males; 23 ± 3 (mean ± SD) years, body mass index (BMI) 31.0 ± 3.6 kg/m2) participated. During uninterrupted sitting and following standardized breakfast and lunch meals, each participant completed two 7-h conditions on separate days in a randomized, crossover design study. For each condition, participants consumed either a sucrose SSB or water mid-morning and mid-afternoon. Peak responses and total area under the curve (tAUC) over 7 h for blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were quantified and compared. RESULTS Compared to water, SSB consumption significantly increased the peak responses for blood glucose (20 ± 4% (mean ± SEM)), insulin (43 ± 15%) and C-peptide (21 ± 6%) concentrations. The tAUC for all these parameters was also increased by SSB consumption. The tAUC for triglycerides was 15 ± 5% lower after SSBs and this was driven by males (P < 0.05), as females showed no difference between conditions. The tAUC for NEFAs was 13 ± 5% lower after the SSB condition (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Between-meal SSB consumption significantly elevated plasma glucose responses, associated with a sustained elevation in plasma insulin throughout a day of prolonged sitting. The SSB-induced reduction in circulating triglycerides and NEFAs indicates significant modulation of lipid metabolism, particularly in males. These metabolic effects may contribute to the development of metabolic disease when SSB consumption is habitual and co-occurring with prolonged sitting. Clinical Trial Registry number: ACTRN12616000840482, https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12616000840482.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Varsamis
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Garry L Jennings
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neale D Cohen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Megan Grace
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John A Hawley
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brooke L Devlin
- Exercise & Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia; Exercise & Nutrition Research Programme, Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Jamshidi N, Mantri N, Cohen MM. Acute effects of dietary plant nutrients on transcriptome profiles: evidence from human studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1869-1880. [PMID: 31032630 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1608154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of long-term dietary plant ingestion are well-established. However, literature on acute nutritional challenges is very limited. This study aimed to identify available evidence on transcriptomics responses to acute ingestion of plants or plant extracts and identify signature gene profiles that may serve as biomarkers of health status. We systematically searched electronic databases and extracted information based-on inclusion criteria such as human clinical studies, single plant-based nutrients and outcomes reported on acute transcriptome responses. A total of 11 studies reported on acute intake of plant dietary interventions. Four studies investigating natural oil extracts with three reporting on whole plants and two studies on natural plant-derived extracts. Gene expression was found to be associated with immune response (7 studies), inflammation (9 studies), metabolism (8 studies), cellular processes and cancer. The finding of this systematic review suggests that acute ingestion may significantly impact diverse physiological and pathological pathways including inflammatory, immune, cancer and oxidative stress pathways. Transcriptomics approach is proven to be an effective strategy in discovery of these anticipated mechanisms. Further studies are now required to validate and continue exploring the short-term health impact of dietary plants and their bioactive phytochemicals on gene expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Jamshidi
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nitin Mantri
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc M Cohen
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Wei Y, Xu W. Effect of acarbose on cardiovascular events and new-onset diabetes in patients with coronary heart disease and impaired glucose tolerance. Future Cardiol 2019; 15:127-133. [PMID: 30793928 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2018-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies indicated postprandial hyperglycemia was closely related to the development of diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease. Acarbose was shown to delay the onset of diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance that was at low cardiovascular risk. The Acarbose Cardiovascular Evaluation (ACE) trial formally evaluated whether acarbose could reduce the frequency of cardiovascular events in patients with established coronary heart disease and impaired glucose tolerance, and whether the incidence of Type 2 diabetes could be reduced. The Acarbose Cardiovascular Evaluation trial represented that acarbose did not reduce the risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), but the risk of new-onset diabetes by 18% for a median of 5.0 years follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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41
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McDonald JD, Mah E, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Dey P, Labyk AN, Villamena FA, Volek JS, Bruno RS. Dairy milk proteins attenuate hyperglycemia-induced impairments in vascular endothelial function in adults with prediabetes by limiting increases in glycemia and oxidative stress that reduce nitric oxide bioavailability. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 63:165-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Luo Y, Wang XQ, Ni WJ, Ding B, Xu XH, Ye L, Ma JH, Zhu J. Comparison of Efficacy and Economic Value of Prandilin 25 and Humalog Mix 25 in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes by a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:2219-2228. [PMID: 30244319 PMCID: PMC6250620 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-018-0502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To determine the clinical efficacy and economic value of insulin lispro 25-Prandilin 25 vs. insulin lispro 25-Humalog mix 25 in treatment of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). METHODS This was a single-center, randomized, case-crossover clinical trial. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups and underwent two kinds of insulin lispro 25 treatment separated by a 1-day washout period. In total, 81 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) above 9% were hospitalized and randomly divided to receive Prandilin 25/Humalog mix 25 or Humalog mix 25/Prandilin 25 treatment. All participants were subjected to metformin therapy simultaneously. Glycemic control was reached after 7-8 days Prandilin 25 or Humalog mix 25 treatment; each patient received continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for 5 consecutive days (from day 1 to day 5). On day 3 of CGM performance, Prandilin 25 treatment was switched to Humalog mix 25 treatment at the same dosage or vice versa. Parameters representing glycemic variability (GV) and postprandial glucose excursions, including 24-h mean blood glucose (24hMBG), 24-h standard deviation of blood glucose (24hSDBG), 24-h mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (24hMAGE), large amplitude of glycemic excursion (LAGE), incremental area under the curve (AUC) for different glucose levels, and postmeal relative areas under the CGM curve (AUCpp) for 1-4 h of each meal, were calculated for each patient. RESULTS No significant differences were found in the 24hMAGE, 24hMBG, 24hSDBG, LAGE, mean 1-h preprandial blood glucose and the incidence of hypoglycemia between the Prandilin 25 treatment group and Humalog mix 25 treatment group. Similarly, there were no between-treatment differences for AUC and time when blood glucose was below 3.9 mmol/l, between 3.9 mmol/l and 10.0 mmol/l, or above 10.0 mmol/l. Further analysis showed the AUCpp for 1-4 h of each meal for two kinds of treatments were similar. However, the mean estimated cost of Prandilin 25 was only 85% of Humalog mix 25 in one treatment course. CONCLUSION Prandilin 25 is non-inferior in clinical efficacy compared with Humalog mix 25. In view of the significant difference in the cost of the two kinds of insulin lispro 25, Prandilin 25 is a much more cost-effective anti-diabetes drug for management of T2DM. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Register identifier, ChiCTR1800015829.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Wen-Ji Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Ye
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Hua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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McDonald JD, Mah E, Dey P, Olmstead BD, Sasaki GY, Villamena FA, Bruno RS. Dairy milk, regardless of fat content, protects against postprandial hyperglycemia-mediated impairments in vascular endothelial function in adults with prediabetes by limiting oxidative stress responses that reduce nitric oxide bioavailability. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 63:129-139. [PMID: 30359862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPH) transiently impairs vascular endothelial function (VEF) in an oxidative-stress-dependent manner by decreasing nitric oxide (NO•) bioavailability. Dairy milk, regardless of fat content, attenuates PPH, but whether this improves VEF by limiting oxidative stress responses that otherwise decrease NO• bioavailability is not known. We hypothesized that nonfat and full-fat dairy milk would similarly improve VEF by attenuating PPH-induced oxidative stress that otherwise decreases NO• biosynthesis and bioavailability. A randomized, crossover trial was conducted in adults with prediabetes (n=22) who ingested glucose (75 g) dissolved in 473 ml of water (GLU), or glucose with an equal volume of nonfat dairy milk (NFM) or full-fat dairy milk (FFM). Prior to and at 30-min intervals for 180 min postprandially, we assessed brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and measured circulating biomarkers of glycemic control, oxidative stress and NO• homeostasis. AUC0-180 min for FMD and NO• metabolites was lowest in GLU but relatively greater in NFM and FFM. Compared with GLU, AUCs for glucose, malondialdehyde, F2-isoprostanes and endothelin-1 were similarly lower in dairy trials. Milk-mediated vasoprotection was accompanied by greater levels of plasma arginine and lower levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine. Postprandial insulin, lipids and tetrahydrobiopterin redox status did not differ among trials. Thus, dairy milk, regardless of its fat content, attenuates PPH-mediated impairments in VEF by limiting oxidative stress. This improves NO• bioavailability to the vascular endothelium by increasing arginine availability and limiting competitive inhibition on NO• biosynthesis by asymmetric dimethylarginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D McDonald
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eunice Mah
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Biofortis, Merieux NutriSciences, Addison, IL 60101, USA
| | - Priyankar Dey
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bryan D Olmstead
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Geoffrey Y Sasaki
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Co-ingestion of whole eggs or egg whites with glucose protects against postprandial hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and dysregulated arginine metabolism in association with improved vascular endothelial function in prediabetic men. Br J Nutr 2018; 120:901-913. [PMID: 30160222 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Replacing a portion of a glucose challenge with whole eggs (EGG) or egg whites (WHITE) was shown to protect against glucose-induced impairments in vascular function. We hypothesised in the present study that previously observed vasoprotection following co-ingestion of EGG or WHITE with glucose was attributed to limiting postprandial hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress that improves NO∙ bioavailability. Prediabetic men completed a randomised, cross-over study in which they ingested isoenergetic meals containing 100 g glucose (GLU), or 75 g glucose with 1·5 EGG, seven WHITE or two egg yolks (YOLK). At 30 min intervals for 3 h, we assessed plasma NO∙ metabolites, the lipid peroxidation biomarker malondialdehyde, antioxidants, arginine and its methylated metabolites (asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine), tetrahydrobiopterin redox status, vasoconstrictors and inflammatory markers. Compared with GLU, malondialdehyde was lower and NO∙ metabolites were greater in EGG and WHITE, but YOLK was not different from GLU. Malondialdehyde was inversely correlated with NO∙ metabolites and vascular function, whereas NO∙ metabolites were positively correlated with vascular function. Compared with GLU, arginine was greater, but asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine and angiotensin-II were lower in all egg-based meals. Antioxidants, tetrahydrobiopterin redox status and inflammatory markers did not differ among treatments. Thus, while each egg-based meal improved arginine metabolism, only EGG and WHITE limited lipid peroxidation. This suggests that vasoprotection mediated by EGG and WHITE likely occurs in an NO∙-dependent manner by improving arginine metabolism and attenuating oxidative stress that otherwise limit NO∙ biosynthesis and bioavailability to the vascular endothelium.
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Nguyen-Tu MS, Nivoit P, Oréa V, Lemoine S, Acquaviva C, Pagnon-Minot A, Fromy B, Sethi JK, Sigaudo-Roussel D. Inflammation-linked adaptations in dermal microvascular reactivity accompany the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:556-566. [PMID: 30006585 PMCID: PMC6223541 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objectives The increased prevalence of obesity has prompted great strides in our understanding of specific adipose depots and their involvement in cardio-metabolic health. However, the impact of obesity on dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) and dermal microvascular functionality remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the temporal changes that occur in dWAT and dermal microvascular functionality during the development of diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes in mice. Methods Metabolic phenotyping of a murine model of hypercaloric diet (HCD)-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes was performed at three time points that reflected three distinct stages of disease development; 2 weeks of HCD-overweight-metabolically healthy, 4 weeks of HCD-obese-prediabetic and 12 weeks of HCD-obese-type 2 diabetic mice. Expansion of dWAT was characterized histologically, and changes in dermal microvascular reactivity were assessed in response to pressure and the vasodilators SNP and Ach. Results HCD resulted in a progressive expansion of dWAT and increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers (IL1β and COX-2). Impairments in pressure-induced (PIV) and Ach-induced (endothelium-dependent) vasodilation occurred early, in overweight-metabolically healthy mice. Residual vasodilatory responses were NOS-independent but sensitive to COX inhibition. These changes were associated with reductions in NO and adiponectin bioavailability, and rescued by exogenous adiponectin or hyperinsulinemia. Obese-prediabetic mice continued to exhibit impaired Ach-dependent vasodilation but PIV appeared normalized. This normalization coincided with elevated endogenous adiponectin and insulin levels, and was sensitive to NOS, COX and PI3K, inhibition. In obese-type 2 diabetic mice, both Ach-stimulated and pressure-induced vasodilatory responses were increased through enhanced COX-2-dependent prostaglandin response. Conclusions We demonstrate that the development of obesity, metabolic dysfunction and type 2 diabetes, in HCD-fed mice, is accompanied by increased dermal adiposity and associated metaflammation in dWAT. Importantly, these temporal changes are also linked to disease stage-specific dermal microvascular reactivity, which may reflect adaptive mechanisms driven by metaflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Sophie Nguyen-Tu
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,University of Lyon 1, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Pierre Nivoit
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,University of Lyon 1, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Valérie Oréa
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,University of Lyon 1, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | | | - Cécile Acquaviva
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est, University Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Bron, France
| | | | - Bérengère Fromy
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.,University of Lyon 1, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jaswinder K Sethi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. .,Institute for Life Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Dominique Sigaudo-Roussel
- LBTI, UMR CNRS 5305, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France. .,University of Lyon 1, 69367, Lyon Cedex 07, France.
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Pei R, DiMarco DM, Putt KK, Martin DA, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Bruno RS, Bolling BW. Premeal Low-Fat Yogurt Consumption Reduces Postprandial Inflammation and Markers of Endotoxin Exposure in Healthy Premenopausal Women in a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2018; 148:910-916. [PMID: 29767743 PMCID: PMC5991203 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic endotoxemia is associated with obesity and contributes to postprandial inflammation. Objective We aimed to determine if low-fat yogurt consumption prevents postprandial inflammation and dysmetabolism in healthy women by inhibiting biomarkers of metabolic endotoxemia. Methods Premenopausal women defined as obese and nonobese [body mass index (BMI, in kg/m2) 30-40 and 18.5-27, respectively, n = 120] were randomly assigned to consume 339 g of low-fat yogurt (YN, yogurt nonobese; YO, yogurt obese) or 324 g of soy pudding (CN, control nonobese; CO, control obese) for 9 wk (n = 30/group). The intervention foods each supplied 330 kcal with 3 g fat, 66 g carbohydrate, and 4-6 g protein. At weeks 0 and 9, participants ingested 226 g of yogurt or 216 g of soy pudding before a meal providing 56-60 g fat, 82 g carbohydrate, and 28-30 g protein. Plasma soluble CD14 (sCD14), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), LPS activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6), glucose, triglyceride, and insulin were measured hourly for 4 h to assess differences in postprandial responses between groups by 2-factor ANOVA. Results Premeal yogurt consumption prevented the postprandial decrease in sCD14 net incremental area under the curve (net iAUC) by 72% in obese individuals at week 0 (P = 0.0323). YN and YO had ≥40% lower net iAUC of LBP-to-sCD14 ratio and plasma IL-6 concentration than CN and CO, respectively (P < 0.05). CO had postprandial hyperglycemia which was not evident in YO; in contrast YN had 57% less postprandial hypoglycemia than did CN (P-interaction = 0.0013). After 9 wk of yogurt consumption, ΔAUC of LBP-to-sCD14 ratios of YO and YN were less than half of those of the control groups (P = 0.0093). Conclusion Yogurt consumption improved postprandial metabolism and biomarkers of metabolic endotoxemia in healthy premenopausal women. Premeal yogurt consumption is a feasible strategy to inhibit postprandial dysmetabolism and thus may reduce cardiometabolic risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01686204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisong Pei
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT,Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Diana M DiMarco
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Kelley K Putt
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Derek A Martin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT,Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT,Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Address correspondence to BWB (e-mail: )
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47
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Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the cerebral arterioles of rats deteriorates during acute hyperglycemia and then is restored by reducing the glucose level. J Anesth 2018; 32:531-538. [DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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48
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The Effect of Lean-Seafood and Non-Seafood Diets on Fasting and Postprandial Serum Metabolites and Lipid Species: Results from a Randomized Crossover Intervention Study in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050598. [PMID: 29751643 PMCID: PMC5986478 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic effects associated with intake of different dietary protein sources are not well characterized. We aimed to elucidate how two diets that varied in main protein sources affected the fasting and postprandial serum metabolites and lipid species. In a randomized controlled trial with crossover design, healthy adults (n = 20) underwent a 4-week intervention with two balanced diets that varied mainly in protein source (lean-seafood versus non-seafood proteins). Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses were applied to examine the effects of the two diets on serum metabolites. In the fasting state, the lean-seafood diet period, as opposed to the non-seafood diet period, significantly decreased the serum levels of isoleucine and valine, and during the postprandial state, a decreased level of lactate and increased levels of citrate and trimethylamine N-oxide were observed. The non-seafood diet significantly increased the fasting level of 26 lipid species including ceramides 18:1/14:0 and 18:1/23:0 and lysophosphatidylcholines 20:4 and 22:5, as compared to the lean-seafood diet. Thus, the lean-seafood diet decreased circulating isoleucine and valine levels, whereas the non-seafood diet elevated the levels of certain ceramides, metabolites that are associated with insulin-resistance.
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Žďárská DJ, Hill M, Kvapil M, Piťhová P, Brož J. Analysis of Postprandial Glycemia in Relation to Metabolic Compensation and Other Observed Parameters of Outpatients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Czech Republic. Diabetes Ther 2018; 9:665-672. [PMID: 29460257 PMCID: PMC6104280 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-018-0379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The goal of the study was to determine the level of metabolic compensation expressed by glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose as determined after a standardized breakfast; further, to evaluate interrelationships between the studied parameters and postprandial glucose levels. METHODS The study included 1055 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose were measured before and after a standardized breakfast. Attending diabetologists completed a uniform questionnaire that included demographic data, type of antidiabetic treatment, duration of diabetes, latest glycosylated hemoglobin value, presence of dyslipidemia, and organic complications. RESULTS Glycosylated hemoglobin < 53 mmol/mol was achieved in 363 (34.2%), postprandial glucose < 7.5 mmol/l in 211 (19.9%), and fasting plasma glucose < 6 mmol/l in 251 (23.7%) patients. Excellent metabolic compensation, indicated by all the above mentioned glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose values simultaneously, was achieved in only 71 (6.7%) patients. Comparable to fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose values, correlation with glycosylated hemoglobin levels is statistically significant; however, there is no difference at different glycosylated hemoglobin levels. There was a significant correlation between dyslipidemia and postprandial glycemia (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION The objective of care for patients with diabetes mellitus is to improve their long-term metabolic compensation; to that end, both fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose deserve equal attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Janíčková Žďárská
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Hill
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kvapil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Piťhová
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brož
- Department of Internal Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Houston M. The role of noninvasive cardiovascular testing, applied clinical nutrition and nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 12:85-108. [PMID: 29316855 PMCID: PMC5933539 DOI: 10.1177/1753944717743920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical trials suggest that we have reached a limit in our ability to decrease the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) utilizing the traditional diagnostic evaluation, prevention and treatment strategies for the top five cardiovascular risk factors of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity and smoking. About 80% of heart disease (heart attacks, angina, coronary heart disease and congestive heart failure) can be prevented by optimal nutrition, optimal exercise, optimal weight and body composition, mild alcohol intake and avoiding smoking. Statistics show that approximately 50% of patients continue to have CHD or myocardial infarction (MI) despite presently defined 'normal' levels of the five risk factors listed above. This is often referred to as the 'CHD gap'. Novel and more accurate definitions and evaluations of these top five risk factors are required, such as 24 h ambulatory blood pressure (ABM) results, advanced lipid profiles, redefined fasting and 2 h dysglycemia parameters, a focus on visceral obesity and body composition and the effects of adipokines on cardiovascular risk. There are numerous traumatic insults from the environment that damage the cardiovascular system but there are only three finite vascular endothelial responses, which are inflammation, oxidative stress and immune vascular dysfunction. In addition, the concept of translational cardiovascular medicine is mandatory in order to correlate the myriad of CHD risk factors to the presence or absence of functional or structural damage to the vascular system, preclinical and clinical CHD. This can be accomplished by utilizing advanced and updated CV risk scoring systems, new and redefined CV risk factors and biomarkers, micronutrient testing, cardiovascular genetics, nutrigenomics, metabolomics, genetic expression testing and noninvasive cardiovascular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- Vanderbilt University Medical School, Hypertension Institute and Vascular Biology, Division of Human Nutrition, Saint Thomas Medical Group, Saint Thomas Hospital, 4230 Harding Rd, Suite 400, Nashville, TN 37205, USA
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