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Li Z, Jiang K, Zhu Y, Du H, Im H, Zhu Y, Feng L, Zhu W, Zhao G, Jia X, Hu Y, Zhu H, Yao Q, Wang H, Wang Q. Happy people are always similar: The evidence from brain morphological and functional inter-subject correlations. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120690. [PMID: 38880309 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in the study of happiness is whether there is neural evidence to support a well-known hypothesis that happy people are always similar while unfortunate people have their own misfortunes. To investigate this, we employed several happiness-related questionnaires to identify potential components of happiness, and further investigated and confirmed their associations with personality, mood, aggressive behaviors, and amygdala reactivity to fearful faces within a substantial sample size of college students (n = 570). Additionally, we examined the functional and morphological similarities and differences among happy individuals using the inter-subject representational similarity analysis (IS-RSA). IS-RSA emphasizes the geometric properties in a high-dimensional space constructed by brain or behavioral patterns and focuses on individual subjects. Our behavioral findings unveiled two factors of happiness: individual and social, both of which mediated the effect of personality traits on individual aggression. Subsequently, mood mediated the impact of happiness on aggressive behaviors across two subgroup splits. Functional imaging data revealed that individuals with higher levels of happiness exhibited reduced amygdala reactivity to fearful faces, as evidenced by a conventional face-matching task (n = 104). Moreover, IS-RSA demonstrated that these participants manifested similar neural activation patterns when processing fearful faces within the visual pathway, but not within the emotional network (e.g., amygdala). Morphological observations (n = 425) indicated that individuals with similar high happiness levels exhibited comparable gray matter volume patterns within several networks, including the default mode network, fronto-parietal network, visual network, and attention network. Collectively, these findings offer early neural evidence supporting the proposition that happy individuals may share common neural characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Keying Jiang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Hanxiao Du
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | | | - Yingying Zhu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lei Feng
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wenwei Zhu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xuji Jia
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Haidong Zhu
- Normal College of Shihezi University, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Qiong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science of Anhui Province on Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intelligence Intervention, Hefei 230601, China; School of Educational and Psychological Science, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - He Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Philosophy and Social Science of Anhui Province on Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intelligence Intervention, Hefei 230601, China.
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Sailer U, Friedrich Y, Asgari F, Hassenzahl M, Croy I. Determinants for positive and negative experiences of interpersonal touch: context matters. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:565-586. [PMID: 38362744 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2311800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The goal of the study was to determine which aspects of interpersonal touch interactions lead to a positive or negative experience. Previous research has focused primarily on physical characteristics. We suggest that this may not be sufficient to fully capture the complexity of the experience. Specifically, we examined how fulfilment of psychological needs influences touch experiences and how this relates to physical touch characteristics and situational factors.In two mixed-method studies, participants described their most positive and most negative interpersonal touch experience within a specific time frame. They reported fulfilment of nine needs, affect, intention, and reason for positivity/negativity, as well as the body part(s) touched, location, type of touch, interaction partner, and particular touch characteristics (e.g. humidity).Positive and negative touch experiences shared similar touch types, locations, and body parts touched, but differed in intended purpose and reasons. Overall, the valence of a touch experience could be predicted from fulfilment of relatedness, the interaction partner and initiator, and physical touch characteristics. Positive affect increased with need fulfilment, and negative affect decreased.The results highlight the importance of relatedness and reciprocity for the valence of touch, and emphasise the need to incorporate psychological needs in touch research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Sailer
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yvonne Friedrich
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Asgari
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Behavioural Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marc Hassenzahl
- Ubiquitous Design / Experience & Interaction, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Ilona Croy
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Nawa NE, Yamagishi N. Distinct associations between gratitude, self-esteem, and optimism with subjective and psychological well-being among Japanese individuals. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:130. [PMID: 38454459 PMCID: PMC10918921 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence suggests that the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions is influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural context. Identifying intervention targets that can effectively contribute to improving individual well-being under these boundary conditions is a crucial step when developing viable interventions. To this end, we examined how gratitude disposition, self-esteem, and optimism relate to the subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) of Japanese individuals. METHODS Multivariate regression analysis was employed to quantify the unique relationships between the three potential intervention targets and both SWB and PWB, while accounting for the influence of other variables. Participants (N = 71) also engaged in a 4-week experience sampling study to explore how gratitude, self-esteem and optimism shape the link between momentary affective states in everyday life and evaluations of day satisfaction. RESULTS Multivariate regression analysis revealed that self-esteem was predominantly more strongly associated with SWB compared to gratitude disposition, whereas gratitude disposition was more strongly associated with the PWB dimensions, particularly personal growth, positive relations with others and purpose in life. Experience sampling data indicated that while both gratitude disposition and self-esteem moderated the association between momentary positive affect and day satisfaction evaluations, they did so in opposite ways; greater gratitude disposition strengthened the association, while greater self-esteem weakened it. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the current results suggest that while gratitude, self-esteem, and optimism influence individual well-being as a whole, they likely play distinct roles in facilitating SWB and PWB in the studied cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Eiji Nawa
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Advanced ICT Research Institute, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontiers Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yamagishi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Advanced ICT Research Institute, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- College of Global Liberal Arts, Ritsumeikan University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-8570, Japan
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Maltby J. Networking trait resilience: Unifying fragmented trait resilience systems from an ecological systems theory perspective. J Pers 2024. [PMID: 38429249 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study reconceptualized trait resilience, defining it as a network of systems; utilizing direct resilience assessments-engineering, ecological, adaptive capacity, social cohesion-and proxy resilience assessments-personality, cognitive, emotional, eudaimonia, and health. BACKGROUND The background of the study addresses the fragmented conceptualization of trait resilience by proposing a unifying network model based on ecological systems theory, illustrating the dynamic interplay of resilience factors across varying levels of disturbance. METHOD In Study One, four USA or UK samples (total n = 2396) were used to depict the trait resilience network. Study Two (n = 1091) examined the relationship between the network and disturbance at two time-points, using mental health levels as a disturbance metric. RESULTS Study One found that adaptive capacity, and sometimes positive emotional processes, were central variables to the network. Study Two found that in lower disturbance groups, adaptive capacity remained important, while in higher disturbance groups, a broader set of variables became central to the network. CONCLUSIONS Study One suggests a Broaden-and-Build approach, where adaptive capacity is a foundational resilience capability, reciprocally associated with positive emotional mechanisms. Study Two suggests a new "Dynamic Resilience Spectrum Theory," proposing that increased disturbances necessitate the use of a more diverse set of resilience traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maltby
- School of Psychology and Vision Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Azila-Gbettor EM, Honyenuga BQ, Atatsi EA, Ayertso Laryea CN, Konadu Quarshie AN. Reviewing the influence of positive leadership on worker well-being: A comprehensive analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24134. [PMID: 38293476 PMCID: PMC10824788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The study provides a review of existing empirical studies on the impact of positive leadership on worker well-being. The aim it to integrate current knowledge and provide directions for future research. The study analyses the content of 118 articles retrieved mainly from Google Scholar and Scopus database published between 2004 and 2022. Findings revealed that most of the studies are atheoretical with the dominant theory applied being conservation of resource theory. Furthermore, most of the studies were cross-sectionally designed, used convenient sampling and self-reported questionnaire. A conceptual framework is presented which synthesizes findings from prior works and shows the various dimensions of positive leadership practices and worker well-being. Additionally, a comprehensive future research agenda for theoretical and empirical advancement is suggested. The study offers a comprehensive framework that synthesizes and integrates the existing literature on positive leadership and worker well-being. The findings offer researchers in leadership a common platform for discourse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Q. Honyenuga
- Department of Management Sciences, Ho Technical University, Ghana
| | - Eli A. Atatsi
- Department of Management Sciences, Ho Technical University, Ghana
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Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chen T. The Impact of Mindful Learning on Subjective and Psychological Well-Being in Postgraduate Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1009. [PMID: 38131864 PMCID: PMC10740441 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mindful learning is widely known to improve learning outcomes, yet its association with students' well-being remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the impact of mindful learning on subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) in postgraduate students, using survey questionnaires and a randomized experimental design. In Study 1, correlation and regression analyses based on 236 postgraduate students revealed significant positive associations among mindful learning, SWB, and PWB. In Study 2, 54 students were randomly assigned to three groups: the experimental (which received Mindful Learning Coaching), active-, and blank control groups. The results from repeated-measures ANOVA showed that coaching significantly improved students' mindful learning. The participants' SWB and PWB significantly decreased in both the active- and blank control groups, whilst their SWB and PWB tended to increase in the experimental group. In conclusion, mindful learning, SWB, and PWB are significantly correlated, while the enhancement of mindful learning may be a protective factor in students' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (T.C.)
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Gilbert MH, Dextras-Gauthier J, Boulet M, Auclair I, Dima J, Boucher F. Leading well and staying psychologically healthy: the role of resources and constraints for managers in the healthcare sector. J Health Organ Manag 2023; ahead-of-print. [PMID: 38001565 DOI: 10.1108/jhom-12-2021-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maintaining a healthy and productive workforce is a challenge for most organizations. This is even truer for health organization, facing staff shortages and work overload. The aim of this study is to identify the resources and constraints that influence managers' mental health and better understand how they are affected by them. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH A qualitative approach was chosen to document the resources, the constraints as well as their consequences on managers in their day-to-day realities. The sample included executive-, intermediate- and first-level managers from a Canadian healthcare facility. A total of 62 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The coding process was based on the IGLOO model of Nielsen et al. (2018) to which an employee-related level was added (IGELOO). FINDINGS Results highlight the importance of considering both resources as well as constraints in examining managers' mental health. Overarching context, organizational constraints and the management of difficult employees played important roles in the stress experienced by managers. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The results offer a better understanding of the importance of intervening at different levels to promote better organizational health. Results also highlight the importance of setting up organizational resources and act on the various constraints to reduce them. Different individual strategies used by managers to deal with the various constraints and maintain their mental health also emerge from those results. ORIGINALITY/VALUE In addition to addressing the reality of healthcare managers, this study supplements a theoretical model and suggests avenues for interventions promoting more sustainable organizational health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maude Boulet
- École nationale d'administration publique, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Justine Dima
- School of Management and Engineering Vaud, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
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Garcia D, Kazemitabar M, Asgarabad MH. The 18-item Swedish version of Ryff's psychological wellbeing scale: psychometric properties based on classical test theory and item response theory. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1208300. [PMID: 37854148 PMCID: PMC10580072 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1208300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychological wellbeing is conceptualized as the full engagement and optimal performance in existential challenges of life. Our understanding of psychological wellbeing is important for us humans to survive, adapt, and thrive during the challenges of the 21st century. Hence, the measurement of psychological wellbeing is one cornerstone for the identification and treatment of both mental illness and health promotion. In this context, Ryff operationalized psychological wellbeing as a six-dimensional model of human characteristics: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, environmental mastery, personal growth, autonomy, and purpose in life. Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale has been developed and translated into different versions. Here, we examine and describe the psychometric properties of the 18-item Swedish version of Ryff's Psychological Wellbeing Scale using both Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT). Methods The data used in the present study was earlier published elsewhere and consists of 768 participants (279 women and 489 men). In addition to the 18-item version of the scale, participants answered the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, and the Background and Health Questionnaire. We examined, the 18-item version's factor structure using different models and its relationship with subjective wellbeing, sociodemographic factors (e.g., education level, gender, age), lifestyle habits (i.e., smoking, frequency of doing exercise, and exercise intensity), and health issues (i.e., pain and sleeping problems). We also analyzed measurement invariance with regard to gender. Moreover, as an addition to the existing literature, we analyzed the properties of the 18 items using Graded Response Model (GRM). Results Although the original six-factor structure showed a good fit, both CTT and IRT indicated that a five-factor model, without the purpose in life subscale, provided a better fit. The results supported the internal consistency and concurrent validity of the 18-item Swedish version. Moreover, invariance testing showed similar measurement precision by the scale across gender. Finally, we found several items, especially the purpose in life's item "I live life one day at a time and do not really think about the future," that might need revision or modification in order to improve measurement. Conclusion A five-factor solution is a valid and reliable measure for the assessment of psychological wellbeing in the general Swedish population. With some modifications, the scale might achieve enough accuracy to measure the more appropriate and correct six-dimensional theoretical framework as detailed by Ryff. Fortunately, Ryff's original version contains 20 items per subscale and should therefore act as a perfect pool of items in this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Promotion of Health and Innovation (PHI) Lab, International Network for Well-Being, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maryam Kazemitabar
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
- Promotion of Health and Innovation (PHI) Lab, International Network for Well-Being, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad
- Health Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Positive Youth Development Lab, Human Development and Family Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
- Center of Excellence in Cognitive Neuropsychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Bjørndal LD, Nes RB, Czajkowski N, Røysamb E. The structure of well-being: a single underlying factor with genetic and environmental influences. Qual Life Res 2023; 32:2805-2816. [PMID: 37209357 PMCID: PMC10199429 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The structure of well-being has been debated for millennia. Dominant conceptualisations, such as the hedonic and eudaimonic models, emphasise different constituents of the well-being construct. Some previous studies have suggested that the underlying structure of well-being may consist of one or a few general well-being factors. We conducted three studies to advance knowledge on the structure of well-being comprising more than 21,500 individuals, including a genetically informative twin sample. METHODS In Study 1, we used hierarchical exploratory factor analysis to identify well-being factors in a population-based sample of Norwegian adults. In Study 2, we used confirmatory factor analysis to examine the model fit of the identified factor model in an independent sample. In Study 3, we used biometric models to examine genetic and environmental influences on general well-being factors. RESULTS We identified six well-being factors which all loaded on a single higher-order factor. This higher-order factor may represent a general "happiness factor", i.e. an h-factor, akin to the p-factor in psychopathology research. The identified factor model had excellent fit in an independent sample. All well-being factors showed moderate genetic and substantial non-shared environmental influence, with heritability estimates ranging from 26% to 40%. Heritability was highest for the higher-order general happiness factor. CONCLUSION Our findings yield novel insights into the structure of well-being and genetic and environmental influences on general well-being factors, with implications for well-being and mental health research, including genetically informative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludvig Daae Bjørndal
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ragnhild Bang Nes
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Philosophy, Classics, and History of Arts and Ideas, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Czajkowski
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Røysamb
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, PO Box 1094, 0317, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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Anderson AJ, Jones KV, Melton TN, Keller TE, DuBois DL. Identifying predictors of psychological well-being among volunteer mentors in Big Brothers Big Sisters. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 51:2802-2827. [PMID: 37459294 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) facilitates mentoring relationships between youth and volunteer mentors. Although research has examined outcomes for youth in BBBS, relatively less investigation has been undertaken for volunteer outcomes. This study explored factors associated with changes in psychological well-being among BBBS volunteer mentors. Participants included 593 mentors (Mage = 31) surveyed at study baseline and 15-month follow-up. A classification and regression decision tree approach was used to predict residualized change in psychological well-being from study baseline with match length included as the first split variable, and demographic, individual, and relationship variables included as candidate predictors. Analyses indicated that mentors with longer relationships (>4.5 months) reported more positive change in psychological well-being compared with mentors with shorter relationships. Perceived quality of program supervision was a further predictor within both groups of volunteers. Findings suggest that longer relationships and greater program support may contribute to mentor well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Anderson
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Kristian V Jones
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Theresa N Melton
- College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas E Keller
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David L DuBois
- Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Murphy RP, Boyce CJ, Dolan P, Brown GDA, Wood AM. Do Misconceptions About Health-Related Quality of Life Affect General Population Valuations of Health States? VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2023; 26:750-759. [PMID: 36328325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Healthcare resource allocation decisions are often informed by the expected gains in patients' quality-adjusted life-years. Misconceptions about ill-health's consequences for quality of life (QOL) may however affect evaluations of health states by the general population and hence affect resource allocation decisions informed by quality-adjusted life-years. We examine whether people selectively misestimate the QOL consequences of moderate anxiety or depression compared with other dimensions of health, and we test whether informing people of actual changes in QOL associated with health states changes appraisals of their relative undesirability. METHODS UK general population participants (N = 1259; in 2017) expressed preferences over moderate problems: anxiety or depression, self-care, and pain or discomfort. A randomized control trial design was used whereby a control group was given a functional description of each health state, and 2 intervention groups were additionally given information on the actual differences in either life satisfaction (LS) or day affect (DA) associated with experiencing each health state. RESULTS The LS (DA) group reported a higher preference for avoiding living with moderate anxiety or depression, being 13.4% (13.9%) more likely to choose it as most undesirable. CONCLUSION Informing people of the change in LS or DA associated with health states before they appraise them is a feasible way to obtain informed preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Murphy
- Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK; Department of Health, Dublin, Ireland.
| | | | - Paul Dolan
- London School of Economics and Political Science, London, England, UK
| | - Gordon D A Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Alex M Wood
- School of Psychology and Therapeutic Studies, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, England, UK
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Morales-Torres R, Carrasco-Gubernatis C, Grasso-Cladera A, Cosmelli D, Parada FJ, Palacios-García I. Psychobiotic Effects on Anxiety Are Modulated by Lifestyle Behaviors: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial on Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071706. [PMID: 37049546 PMCID: PMC10096963 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychobiotics are modulators of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (MGBA) with promising benefits to mental health. Lifestyle behaviors are established modulators of both mental health and the MGBA. This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial (NCT04823533) on healthy adults (N = 135) tested 4 weeks of probiotic supplementation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175). We assessed effects on wellbeing, quality of life, emotional regulation, anxiety, mindfulness and interoceptive awareness. We then analyzed if lifestyle behaviors modulated probiotic effectiveness. Results showed no significant effects of probiotic intake in whole sample outcomes. Correlational analyses revealed Healthy Behaviors were significantly correlated with wellbeing across scales. Moreover, the linear mixed-effects model showed that the interaction between high scores in Healthy Behaviors and probiotic intake was the single significant predictor of positive effects on anxiety, emotional regulation, and mindfulness in post-treatment outcomes. These findings highlight the relevance of controlling for lifestyle behaviors in psychobiotic and mental health research.
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Senderowicz L, Bullington BW, Sawadogo N, Tumlinson K, Langer A, Soura A, Zabré P, Sié A. Measuring Contraceptive Autonomy at Two Sites in Burkina Faso: A First Attempt to Measure a Novel Family Planning Indicator. Stud Fam Plann 2023; 54:201-230. [PMID: 36729070 PMCID: PMC10184300 DOI: 10.1111/sifp.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
There is growing consensus in the family planning community around the need for novel measures of autonomy. Existing literature highlights the tension between efforts to pursue contraceptive targets and maximize uptake on the one hand, and efforts to promote quality, person-centeredness, and contraceptive autonomy on the other hand. Here, we pilot a novel measure of contraceptive autonomy, measuring it at two Health and Demographic Surveillance System sites in Burkina Faso. We conducted a population-based survey with 3,929 women of reproductive age, testing an array of new survey items within the three subdomains of informed choice, full choice, and free choice. In addition to providing tentative estimates of the prevalence of contraceptive autonomy and its subdomains in our sample of Burkinabè women, we critically examine which parts of the proposed methodology worked well, what challenges/limitations we encountered, and what next steps might be for refining, improving, and validating the indicator. We demonstrate that contraceptive autonomy can be measured at the population level but a number of complex measurement challenges remain. Rather than a final validated tool, we consider this a step on a long road toward a more person-centered measurement agenda for the global family planning community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Senderowicz
- Department of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brooke W Bullington
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nathalie Sawadogo
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, Université Joseph Ki-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Katherine Tumlinson
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ana Langer
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdramane Soura
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Population, Université Joseph Ki-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Pascal Zabré
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | - Ali Sié
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso
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Choi H, Diener E, Sim JH, Oishi S. Happiness is associated with successful living across cultures. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2022.2155221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Choi
- Department of Sociology, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ed Diener
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah and The Gallup Organization
| | - Jing Han Sim
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Shigehiro Oishi
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Afiqah SN, Rashid A, Iguchi Y. Transition experiences of the Malay Muslim Trans women in Northern Region of Malaysia: A qualitative study. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100033. [PMID: 38515923 PMCID: PMC10953884 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Transgender topics are controversial in Malaysia and trans people are subject to stigma and persecution. In this study context, the transition is defined as a phase where a person changes from one gender to the gender that an individual chooses. Little is known about the transgender people's transition experiences in Malaysia. Studies have shown that transition helps boost transgender individuals in most aspects. This study seeks to understand the transition experiences of the Malay Muslim Trans women in Northern Malaysia. A qualitative study using a snowball sampling method was used to interview in-depth 13 trans women. The interviews focused on their gender transition experiences, support systems, family and friends' reactions, and coping strategies. The study found four primary themes: transition, reaction, support system, and coping method. Most of the respondents agreed that they felt conflicted about their gender at a young age and started transitioning when they were adolescents. Overall acceptance and reaction of family and society to their transition was low and not good. Most mentioned the importance of a good support system and that they received essential support from their peers in the transgender community. However, they acknowledged that family support was also crucial for them. All of the respondents specified that they did not regret their gender transition. Although this study gained insight, more is needed to understand in depth a very sensitive subject such as this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Afiqah
- Unit for Research on Women and Gender, School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Public Health RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rashid
- Department of Public Health RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yufu Iguchi
- Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, College of Asia Pacific Studies, Oita, Japan
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16
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Hosseinzadeh A, Khorasgani AE, Gheitani A, Ebrahimzadeh R, Torkashvand R. Nurses' recovery experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in Isfahan, Iran: A qualitative study. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:4090-4106. [PMID: 36205633 PMCID: PMC9874470 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to explore and describe the recovery experiences of nurses working in COVID-19 wards. BACKGROUND The global outbreak of coronavirus in 2020 has extracted job stress for nurses. Job stress has impacts on physical and mental health and performance, so recovery is essential to restore the lost energy resources. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurses in Isfahan city of Iran. RESULTS The research results were extracted as 5 main themes, 14 subthemes and 54 items. The main themes are detachment from work, relaxation, non-work activities, affiliation and meaning. The combination of these themes led to the clear statement that using recovery experiences is a major step toward relieving the nurses' COVID-19-related stress and their physical and mental resuscitation. CONCLUSION The use of recovery experiences, including detachment from work, relaxation, non-work activities, affiliation and meaning by nurses, helps them cope with job stressors and regain their resources. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT It is the responsibility of health system policy makers, hospital managers and nurse managers to design and implement training programmes for nurses to use recovery experiences as stress management techniques in their profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Department of public and media management, University of Isfahan (khorasgan) BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran
| | - Akbar Etebarian Khorasgani
- Department of public and media management, University of Isfahan (khorasgan) BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran
| | - Alborz Gheitani
- Department of public and media management, University of Isfahan (khorasgan) BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran
| | - Reza Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of public and media management, University of Isfahan (khorasgan) BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran
| | - Roya Torkashvand
- Department of Nursing, University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) BranchIslamic Azad UniversityIsfahanIran
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17
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Zhang L, Zhu N, Li W, Li C, Kong F. Cognitive-affective structure of gratitude and its relationships with subjective well-being. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2022.111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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18
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Wettstein M, Wahl HW, Schlomann A. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Trajectories of Well-Being of Middle-Aged and older Adults: A Multidimensional and Multidirectional Perspective. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2022; 23:3577-3604. [PMID: 36035013 PMCID: PMC9397165 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-022-00552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in profound changes of individuals' everyday lives. Restrictions in social contacts and in leisure activities and the threatening situation of a spreading virus might have resulted in compromised well-being. At the same time, the pandemic could have promoted specific aspects of psychosocial well-being, e.g., due to intensified relationships with close persons during lockdown periods. We investigated this potentially multidimensional and multi-directional pattern of pandemic-specific change in well-being by analyzing changes over up to 8 years (2012-2020) in two broad well-being domains, hedonic well-being (life satisfaction) and eudaimonic well-being (one overarching eudaimonic well-being indicator as well as environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, and self-acceptance), among 423 adults who were aged 40-98 years in 2012. By modelling longitudinal multilevel regression models and allowing for a measurement-specific intra-individual deviation component from the general slope in 2020, i.e. after the pandemic outbreak, we analyzed potential normative history-graded changes due to the pandemic. All mean-level history-graded changes were nonsignificant, but most revealed substantial interindividual variability, indicating that individuals' pandemic-related well-being changes were remarkably heterogeneous. Only for personal growth and self-acceptance, adding a pandemic-related change component (and interindividual variability thereof) did not result in a better model fit. Individuals with poorer self-rated health at baseline in 2012 revealed a pandemic-related change toward lower life satisfaction. Our findings suggest that not all well-being domains - and not all individuals - are equally prone to "COVID-19 effects", and even pandemic-associated gains were observed for some individuals in certain well-being domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wettstein
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Werner Wahl
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Schlomann
- Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute for Educational Sciences, Heidelberg University of Education, Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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van Dellen SA, Wisse B, Mobach MP. Effects of lactation room quality on working mothers' feelings and thoughts related to breastfeeding and work: a randomized controlled trial and a field experiment. Int Breastfeed J 2022; 17:57. [PMID: 35945573 PMCID: PMC9361273 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-022-00499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The challenging combination of breastfeeding and work is one of the main reasons for early breastfeeding cessation. Although the availability of a lactation room (defined as a private space designated for milk expression or breastfeeding) is important in enabling the combination of breastfeeding and work, little is known about the effects of lactation room quality on mothers’ feelings and thoughts related to breastfeeding and work. We hypothesized that a high-quality lactation room (designed using the Theory of Supportive Design) would cause mothers to experience less stress, have more positive thoughts about milk expression at work, perceive more organizational support, and report more subjective well-being, than a low-quality lactation room. Methods In an online randomized controlled trial (Study 1), Dutch mothers (N = 267) were shown either a high-quality or a low-quality lactation room (using pictures and descriptions for the manipulation) and were then asked about their feelings and thoughts. In a subsequent field experiment (Study 2) we modified the lactations rooms in a large organization in Groningen, the Netherlands, to manipulate lactation room quality, and asked mothers (N = 61) who used either a high-quality or low-quality lactation room to fill out surveys to assess the dependent variables. Results The online study showed that mothers exposed to the high-quality lactation room anticipated less stress, more positive cognitions about milk expression at work, more perceived organizational support, and more subjective well-being than mothers exposed to the low-quality lactation room (p < 0.05). Moreover, the effect of lactation room quality on perceived organizational support was especially pronounced for mothers who were higher in environmental sensitivity. The field experiment showed that use of the high-quality room led to less reported stress than use of the low-quality room (p < 0.05). We also found that mothers who were higher in environmental sensitivity perceived more control over milk expression at work and experienced more subjective well-being in the high-quality condition than in the low-quality condition (p < 0.05). Conclusion The current studies show that not only the availability, but also the quality of lactation rooms is important in facilitating the combination of breastfeeding and work. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13006-022-00499-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoukje A van Dellen
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,NoorderRuimte, Research Centre for Built Environment, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Barbara Wisse
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mark P Mobach
- NoorderRuimte, Research Centre for Built Environment, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Management and Organization, The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, The Netherlands
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20
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Koren C. Experiences of Happiness in Late Life Repartnering: Between Surprised Being Happy and Disappointed Not Being Happy From a Dyadic View. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-022-09499-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Predictors of life satisfaction in the United Arab Emirates: Results based on Gallup data. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Sarangi P, Manoj M, Bhosley M. Impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on time allocation for sedentary and physical activities - The context of Indian university students. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2022; 25:101383. [PMID: 35528141 PMCID: PMC9061139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2022.101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Covid-19 pandemic has impacted individuals' time allocation decisions. As it is known that university students display behaviors different from the general population, very few studies have examined their activity participation and time allocation behavior during the pandemic. The present study investigates the changes in time allocations to sedentary, physically active, and eat-sleep activities before and during the pandemic. Methods The study hypothesizes that active mode (walk, bicycle) and transit users would compensate for the physical efforts by increasing physical activities at home during the lockdown. Students' perception of personal well-being, anxiety, and individual leisure during the pandemic and their impacts on time allocation decisions after controlling for demographic variables and temporal effects are also explored. A pan India behavioral data of 203 samples collected using an online survey conducted between May to July 2020, during India's lockdown phase, is used for analysis. A series of segmented analyses (using ANOVA's and Kruskal-Wallis Test) and empirical modeling (linear mixed-effect regression) were conducted based on the time use distribution. Results Findings showed that university students from low-income households and students who own a bicycle show a higher tendency to spend time in physical activities during lockdown periods. Students accessing college using active modes (before lockdown) allocate less time to sedentary and eat-sleep activities than physical activities during the lockdown period. Students' perception of Leisure items among those who use active modes is significantly different from those of private and public mode users. Conclusions From a policy viewpoint, such investigation would help implicitly understand and publicize the health benefits of active modes and transit and encourage their use. For instance, policymakers and transport planners can temporarily allocate less-used motorized streets (due to the pandemic) to students who prefer walking and cycling as universities still function online in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punyabeet Sarangi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - M Manoj
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Manisha Bhosley
- Ex-Research Intern (under Summer Research Fellowship Program), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
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23
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Tov W, Wirtz D, Kushlev K, Biswas-Diener R, Diener E. Well-Being Science for Teaching and the General Public. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1452-1471. [PMID: 35436131 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211046946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on well-being has exploded in recent years to more than 55,000 relevant publications annually, making it difficult for psychologists-including key communicators such as textbook authors-to stay current with this field. Moreover, well-being is a daily concern among policymakers and members of the general public. Well-being science is relevant to the lives of students-illustrating the diverse methods used in the behavioral sciences, presenting highly replicated findings, and demonstrating the diversity of individuals and cultures. Therefore, in this article, we present eight major findings that teachers and authors should seriously consider in their coverage of this field. These topics include processes such as adaptation, influences such as income, the benefits of well-being, and cultural and societal diversity in well-being and its causes. We also examine how much these topics were covered in 15 of the most popular introductory psychology textbooks. Although some topics such as social relationships and well-being were discussed in nearly all textbooks, others were less frequently covered, including the validity of self-reported well-being, the effects of spending on happiness, and the impact of culture and society on well-being. We aim to ensure more complete coverage of this important area in psychology courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Tov
- School of Social Sciences, Singapore Management University
| | - Derrick Wirtz
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan
| | | | | | - Ed Diener
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.,The Gallup Organization, Washington, D.C
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24
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Pelly D, Daly M, Delaney L, Doyle O. Worker Stress, Burnout, and Wellbeing Before and During the COVID-19 Restrictions in the United Kingdom. Front Psychol 2022; 13:823080. [PMID: 35496189 PMCID: PMC9040160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.823080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 created a transformational shift in the working environment for much of the labour force, yet its impact on workers is unclear. This study uses longitudinal data to examine the wellbeing of 621 full-time workers assessed before (November 2019-February 2020) and during (May-June 2020) the first lockdown in the United Kingdom. We employ fixed effects analyses to investigate the impact of the restrictions and mandatory homeworking on cognitive, emotional, and psychological wellbeing. Within the sample, the rate of full-time homeworking increased from 2 to 74% between waves. We identify significant changes in 9 of the 15 measures assessed, with a general pattern of improvements in wellbeing during lockdown. Overall levels of stress, self-rated mental health, positive emotions and life and job satisfaction are not adversely affected by the restrictions. There is a reduction in the burnout symptoms of disengagement (-0.13 sd) and exhaustion (-0.20 sd) and in the frequency with which negative emotions are experienced at work (-0.15 sd). Workers feel more autonomous (+0.09 sd), closer to their co-workers (+0.10 sd), and more attached to their organisations (+0.19 sd). However, homelife satisfaction declines (-0.11 sd). These findings highlight the possibility that the COVID-19 pandemic and large-scale transition to homeworking was associated with unchanged or improved worker wellbeing. This study has important implications for governments and employers regarding a global shift to homeworking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Pelly
- Department of Economics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Daly
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Liam Delaney
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - Orla Doyle
- Department of Economics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Janovský V, Piorecký M, Včelák J, Mrissa M. Measuring the Physical Activity of Seniors before and during COVID-19 Restrictions in the Czech Republic. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030460. [PMID: 35326938 PMCID: PMC8949355 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Social workers require a better understanding of the impact of pandemic measures on the level of physical activity of their clients to better target client activation. In this retrospective tracker-based study (two years of measurement), we examined changes in the physical activity of the elderly population (204 participants with an average age of 84.5 years) in the Czech Republic as a result of measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Physical activity was statistically compared according to the physical, demographic and social conditions of the participants. In addition to observing the expected activity decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic, we made several hypotheses based on the sex, age group, body mass index, type of housing (apartment or house) and size of the city of residence. We found that 33% of the 204 participants had increased levels of physical activity in the period following the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Central Europe. We found that the size of the city where the seniors lived and the type of housing did not affect the general level of physical activity. When comparing physical acquisition rates in each month of 2019 and 2020, we saw the largest declines in April and May 2020, that is, one month after the start of the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vít Janovský
- University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague, 273 43 Buštěhrad, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Piorecký
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, 272 01 Kladno, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Včelák
- University Centre for Energy Efficient Buildings, Czech Technical University in Prague, 273 43 Buštěhrad, Czech Republic
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
| | - Michael Mrissa
- InnoRenew CoE, Livade 6, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technology, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Busseri MA, Quoidbach J. The structure of everyday happiness is best captured by a latent subjective well-being factor. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Zhang S, Zhang Y. The Relationship Between Internet Use and Mental Health Among Older Adults in China: The Mediating Role of Physical Exercise. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4697-4708. [PMID: 34866945 PMCID: PMC8633706 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s338183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Affected by internet applications, mental health among older adults has become an important public health issue in China. This study aimed to use cross-sectional data to explore how internet use affects mental health among older adults in China, along with the moderating role of physical exercise in the above relationship. Methods This study employed data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) conducted in 2017. In addition, OLS regression was adopted to explore the impacts of internet use on the mental health of older adults in China. Results Results from the cross-sectional data model showed that internet use had a statistically significant and positive correlation with the mental health of older adults. The regression result of the full sample showed that the regression coefficient of the influence of internet use on the mental health of the elderly was 0.114, which was significant at the 1% level. Furthermore, this study used mediating analysis to explore the possible underlying mechanism by which internet use influenced mental health status through physical exercise. Physical exercise played a mediating role in the relationship between internet use and mental health; the ratio of the indirect effect to total effect mediated was 0.272. It is important to note that the effect size of the indirect effect through physical exercise was quite large. Conclusion Our findings suggested that internet use was significantly associated with better mental health status for older Chinese residents, mediated by higher physical exercise frequency, which was consistent with China’s recent efforts to promote health governance with the “Internet Plus Exercise” campaign. Consequently, the government must encourage the development of more internet applications suitable for the elderly to increase their exercise frequency and ultimately improve their mental health. These results also provided insights for clinical solutions. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/C6UGnEEjtO4
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
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29
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Moukalled T, Elhaj A. Patient negligence in healthcare systems: Accountability model formulation. HEALTH POLICY OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hpopen.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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30
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Husain W. Components of psychosocial health. HEALTH EDUCATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/he-05-2021-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
“Psychosocial health” is a new term to comprehend the already established factors involved in mental health and psychological well-being. The term has not been specifically defined and explained within the framework of psychology.
Design/methodology/approach
The study proposed and validated a new model of psychosocial health. Principal component analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted by involving a total of 4,086 participants.
Findings
Psychosocial health was interpreted as the “sexual, emotional, social, environmental, cognitive, religious, moral and spiritual satisfaction” of a person. The proposed model of psychosocial health was statistically validated. The additional findings revealed significantly higher levels of psychosocial health in women and significant inverse correlations between psychosocial health and age.
Originality/value
The current paper provided a comprehensive picture of psychosocial health from a psychological perspective and presented a statistically reliable tool for measuring psychosocial health.
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Maurer MM, Daukantaitė D, Hoff E. Testing the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259191. [PMID: 34714851 PMCID: PMC8555806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Well-being measures five positive indicators of the well-being of adolescents: engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness and happiness. This five-factor structure along with other indicators of validity and reliability were supported for the original English version and the Chinese version. In this study, we tested the psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the EPOCH with a sample (n = 846) of Swedish high school adolescents aged 16-21 years (Mage = 18, SD = .85). The participants answered a questionnaire containing the EPOCH, Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, and 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A confirmatory factor analysis supported a the five-factor, inter-correlated model. The internal consistency was good for all the EPOCH subscales (Cronbach's α = .76-.88, McDonald's ω = .77 -.88). The criterion validity was established by replicating correlations between the five EPOCH subscales and positive (coping self-efficacy) and negative (DASS-21) aspects of well-being. This study shows that the Swedish version of the EPOCH is suitable for assessing multiple dimensions of adolescent well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M. Maurer
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Hoff
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Wirth M, Voss A, Wirth S, Rothermund K. Affect dynamics and well-being: explanatory power of the model of intraindividual variability in affect (MIVA). Cogn Emot 2021; 36:188-210. [PMID: 34689718 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1993148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Affective experience is inherently dynamic and short-term changes in affect are supposed to offer important insights into well-being. Past years have shown a tremendous rise in investigations into the relation between affect dynamics and well-being. The indicators that have been introduced to capture unique dynamical aspects of affect, however, have been criticised for being purely statistical measures without theoretical foundation and were shown to have little added value for explaining well-being over and above mean levels of affect. To address these concerns, we applied our newly developed theory-based MIVA model to data on daily affective experience. The MIVA model allows estimating parameters for anchoring, reactivity, and regulation based on affective states in combination with daily events. Everyday affective experience was measured with a high temporal resolution, multiple indicators of well-being (e.g. life satisfaction, depression) were assessed, and the incremental value of the MIVA model parameters in predicting well-being was determined. The MIVA model parameters reflect essential processes that accounted for observed fluctuations in affective experience. Incremental validity for predicting well-being over and above mean levels of affect, however, was low. Together, our results suggest that research on affect dynamics needs to identify how affect dynamics can be assessed more validly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wirth
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Voss
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wirth
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus Rothermund
- Department of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Windsor TD, Abbott MJ, Cations M, Howard AJ, Wilton-Harding B. Subjective perceptions of age-related gains buffer negative associations of perceived age-related losses with health, well-being, and engagement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/01650254211039025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
People reflect on their own aging, and this subjective awareness has an influence on developmental outcomes. Scholars have recently operationalized subjective aging in terms of awareness of age-related change (AARC), which captures awareness of both gains and losses. We examined associations of AARC-gains and AARC-losses with physical functioning, subjective well-being, and engagement with life (enjoyable activities and sense of purpose). Importantly, we extended previous research by not only assessing main effects of gains and losses but also testing their interaction. We hypothesized that awareness of losses would be more weakly negatively associated with health and well-being among those who possessed higher awareness of gains. A total of 399 older participants aged 65 to 91 (235 women and 164 men) were recruited via Prime Panels crowd-sourcing platform to complete an online questionnaire. Greater AARC-losses was associated with poorer health, lower subjective well-being, and lower sense of purpose. AARC-gains was associated with better outcomes in general, and moderated associations of AARC-losses with physical functioning, subjective well-being, and sense of purpose (but not engagement in leisure activities). Consistent with predictions, moderation effects showed that negative associations of AARC-losses with the outcomes were weaker among those who reported higher AARC-gains. Results provided some support for a role of AARC-gains in buffering negative effects of AARC-losses on developmental outcomes.
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Wilton-Harding BR, Windsor TD. Awareness of age-related gains and losses and their associations with psychological well-being: A longitudinal examination. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 77:661-672. [PMID: 34411232 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES How people experience their own aging is more strongly linked to well-being than chronological age. This study examined associations of awareness of age-related change (AARC) with between-person differences and longitudinal changes in psychological well-being (PWB). We expected that higher AARC-gains would be associated with higher PWB and increases in PWB over time. Conversely, we expected higher AARC-losses would be associated with lower PWB, and steeper decline in PWB over time. Furthermore, we tested the interaction of AARC-gains and AARC-losses to examine whether negative associations between AARC-losses and PWB would be weaker among those reporting higher AARC-gains. METHOD Data were collected in three waves from a 12-month longitudinal study of 408 community-dwelling older adults (aged 60+). Multilevel growth models were used to analyze associations between AARC and a composite measure of PWB which included key components of PWB identified in self-determination theory (satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs), as well as vitality, and life engagement. RESULTS At the between-person level, higher AARC-gains and lower AARC-losses were consistently associated with higher PWB. Furthermore, associations between AARC-losses and lower PWB were weaker among those with higher AARC-gains. There was no evidence to suggest the interplay of AARC-gains and AARC-losses had implications for change in PWB over time. DISCUSSION Appreciation of age-related gains may buffer the impact of AARC-losses on PWB. However, longitudinal studies conducted over varying macro- and micro-time scales are needed to better understand the developmental significance of AARC for later life.
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Pancheva MG, Ryff CD, Lucchini M. An Integrated Look at Well-Being: Topological Clustering of Combinations and Correlates of Hedonia and Eudaimonia. JOURNAL OF HAPPINESS STUDIES 2021; 22:2275-2297. [PMID: 34326680 PMCID: PMC8315113 DOI: 10.1007/s10902-020-00325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Subjective measures of well-being are increasingly seen by scholars and policy makers as valuable tools to assess quality of life. Hedonic accounts focus on people's experience of life in positive ways while eudaimonic accounts are concerned with realization of personal potential. However, to what extent do an "enjoyable" and a "flourishing" life overlap? Using an innovative clustering-and-projection technique (Self-Organized Map), the joint distributional patterns of multiple hedonic and eudaimonic well-being indicators were examined in a nationally representative longitudinal study of US adults (MIDUS). Results show that the two accounts largely converged with about 70% of the sample observations registering high/low scores in both well-being dimensions. However, the remaining 30% of respondents experienced divergent well-being levels. Association between these combined profiles and a series of socio-demographic characteristics and social stratification factors were investigated. Findings showed that chances of uniformly high well-being increase with age, while higher income, educational level, marriage, and being a female are linked to lesser probabilities of experiencing joint low well-being patterns. Experiencing a combination of high hedonic / low eudaimonic well-being was more frequent for less educated individuals, and men. Finally, the persistence over time of these combined well-being profiles was more frequent in case of convergent hedonic/eudaimonic levels. For divergent patterns we revealed substantial changes over a 10-year period with respondents registering low hedonic / high eudaimonic well-being at time t having greater chances of upward movement toward improved well-being compared to individuals who experienced high hedonic / low eudaimonic levels in the first time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta G Pancheva
- Department of Economics and Management, University Institute Siphia, Via San Vito, 28, 50064 Figline e Incisa Valdarno, Italy
| | - Carol D Ryff
- Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin - Madison, 2245 MSC, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mario Lucchini
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, piazza dell'Ateneo nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Duan Y, Shippee TP, Baker ZG, Olsen Baker M. Age Differences in Determinants of Self-Rated Health among Recipients of Publicly Funded Home-and-Community-Based Services. J Aging Soc Policy 2021; 35:374-392. [PMID: 34058963 DOI: 10.1080/08959420.2021.1930815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This research examined determinants of self-rated health (SRH) of publicly funded home-and-community-based services (HCBS) recipients and tested if the effects of determinants differ between older recipients and younger recipients with disabilities. Using Minnesota's data of 2015-2016 National Core Indicators - Aging and Disabilities survey (n = 3,426), this study revealed that functional status and community inclusion had both direct and indirect effects on SRH, with negative mood as a mediator. Community inclusion had a more pronounced effect on SRH in younger recipients than in older recipients. HCBS should address psychosocial needs and be tailored for recipients of different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Duan
- PhD candidate, School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tetyana P Shippee
- Associate Professor, Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zachary G Baker
- Robert L. Kane Postdoctoral Fellow, Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mary Olsen Baker
- Manager, Quality Assurance & Information Unit, Aging and Adult Services Division, Minnesota Department of Human Services and Minnesota Board on Aging, St Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Zitelny H, Dror T, Altman S, Bar-Anan Y. The Relation Between Gender Identity and Well-Being. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2021; 48:495-515. [PMID: 33858256 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211002362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Does strong gender identity help or harm one's well-being? Previous research suggests that acceptance of one's social group and feelings of belongingness to the group are positively related to well-being, regardless of the group's social status. However, there are inconsistent findings about the relation between well-being and how central the group is to one's identity (centrality), especially among disadvantaged groups (e.g., women). In Studies 1 to 10 (total N = 5,955), we clarified these relations by controlling for shared variance between distinct gender identity aspects. Acceptance and belongingness were positively related to a range of well-being variables. Centrality was negatively related to well-being. These results were consistent across genders. Studies 11 to 14 (total N = 2,380) found that the negative relation between gender centrality and well-being might be mediated by perceived pressure to conform to the masculine role among men and perceived gender inequality among women. These results uncover a burden of strong gender identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Zitelny
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Tzipi Dror
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shahar Altman
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoav Bar-Anan
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Burton WN, Schultz A, Edington DW. Health and Wealth: The Importance for Lifestyle Medicine. Am J Lifestyle Med 2021; 15:407-412. [PMID: 34366738 DOI: 10.1177/15598276211005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many people spend years dreaming about their retirement. Unfortunately, today's workers will likely work longer, suffer greater economic uncertainty, and might have poorer health status compared with retirees in previous generations. Preserving good health during the working years is associated with a more consistent employment record, greater financial resources, and reduced risk of disease. Making smart financial decisions as a younger adult also translates to improved finances in retirement. While many people are aware of these relationships, many continue to make poor health choices. Employers and lifestyle medicine professionals can both work to improve financial well-being in retirement. Employers can offer effective worksite financial wellness programs and promote participation in retirement savings programs. Physicians and other health providers can foster healthy behaviors, encourage preventive services compliance, and help adults foster overall financial and health well-being. Adopting a healthy lifestyle as early as possible would increase the likelihood that today's workers will enjoy financial security in retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne N Burton
- University of Illinois School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alyssa Schultz
- Global Health Management Research Core, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Rouquette OY, Knight CJ, Lovett VE, Barrell D, Heuzé JP. The positive association between perceived parental responsiveness and self-esteem, anxiety, and thriving among youth rugby players: A multigroup analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1537-1547. [PMID: 33605193 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1883311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between young players' perception of mother's and father's responsiveness with their self-esteem, anxiety (i.e., worry), and thriving (i.e., positive affect, vitality, and life satisfaction). In total, 314 male British rugby players with a mean age of 16.23 years (SD = 0.26) completed the study in two phases: n = 124 (first dataset), and n = 192 (second dataset). Participants trained on average 3.14 times/week (SD = 0.94) and had been involved in rugby for an average of 8.21 years (SD = 2.89). Participants completed questionnaires measuring perceived parental responsiveness (PPR) for their mother and father, self-esteem, worry about sport performance, and thriving indicators (i.e., positive affect, vitality, and life satisfaction). The results consistently indicated that participants' perceptions of their mother's and father's responsiveness positively related to thriving, and negatively related to their worry about sport performance, mediated by their self-esteem. Overall, the study highlights the need for parents to be provided with insights into the value of being responsive to their child and being encouraged to regularly talk with their child regarding their needs and desires, and seeking to understand how their child perceives the support they currently receive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Y Rouquette
- Laboratoire Sport Et Environment Social (SENS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.,School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Camilla J Knight
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | | | - Jean-Philippe Heuzé
- Laboratoire Sport Et Environment Social (SENS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Cheng G, Yan Y. Sociodemographic, health-related, and social predictors of subjective well-being among Chinese oldest-old: a national community-based cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:124. [PMID: 33593298 PMCID: PMC7885581 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is still a lack of systematic investigation of comprehensive contextual factors of subjective well-being (SWB) among Chinese oldest-old. This study aimed to explore sociodemographic, health-related, and social predictors of SWB among Chinese oldest-old using a large and representative sample. METHODS The study included 49,069 individuals aged 80 and older from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, a prospective, nationwide, community-based study conducted from 1998 to 2014. SWB was measured by eight items covering life satisfaction, positive affect (optimism, happiness, personal control, and conscientiousness), and negative affect (anxiety, loneliness, and uselessness). Generalized estimating equation models were used to explore the predictors of SWB. RESULTS We found that age, gender, ethnic group, education, primary occupation before retirement, current marital status, and place of residence were sociodemographic predictors of SWB among the Chinese oldest-old. The health-related predictors included self-rated health, visual function, hearing function, diet quality, smoking status, drinking status, and exercise status. SWB was influenced by some social factors, such as the number of biological siblings, the number of children, leisure activities, financial independence, and access to adequate medical service. In particular, self-rated health, access to adequate medical services, exercise status, and place of residence exert a stronger effect than other factors. CONCLUSIONS SWB in the oldest-old is influenced by a large number of complex sociodemographic, health-related, and social factors. Special attention should be paid to the mental health of centenarians, women, rural residents, widowed, physically disabled, and childless oldest-old people. Relevant agencies can improve physical activities, leisure activities, financial support, and medical services to promote the well-being of the oldest-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Psychometric properties of measures of hedonic and eudaimonic orientations in Japan: The HEMA scale. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Pluut H, Wonders J. Not Able to Lead a Healthy Life When You Need It the Most: Dual Role of Lifestyle Behaviors in the Association of Blurred Work-Life Boundaries With Well-Being. Front Psychol 2020; 11:607294. [PMID: 33424717 PMCID: PMC7786197 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As there is a growing trend for people to work from home, precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, this research examines the impact of blurred work-life boundaries on lifestyle and subjective well-being. Our cross-sectional study in the Netherlands demonstrates that heightened levels of blurred work-life boundaries predict negative changes in happiness through enhanced emotional exhaustion. In addition, the findings point to a dual role of lifestyle in this process. On the one hand, we observed that healthy overall lifestyle patterns buffered employees against the detrimental effects of blurred work-life boundaries and emotional exhaustion on happiness. On the other hand, employees who experienced increases in blurring of work-life boundaries reported a deterioration in healthy lifestyle behaviors, which in turn was related to reduced happiness. Paradoxically, it seems that those who would benefit the most from a healthy lifestyle are less able to sustain health-promoting behaviors. A case for shared responsibility between employers and employees is built as we discuss the practical implications of the current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Pluut
- Department of Business Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Wonders
- SMC Rijnland Fysiotherapeuten, Leiden, Netherlands
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Mann FD, DeYoung CG, Tiberius V, Krueger RF. Stability and well-being: Associations among the Big Five domains, metatraits, and three kinds of well-being in a large sample. J Pers 2020; 89:720-737. [PMID: 33314103 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study estimates associations of the Big Five domains and their metatraits with individual indicators of eudaimonic, hedonic, and social well-being, as well as broader factors that capture the tendency for these individual indicators to correlate. METHOD Using data from a large sample of adults from the United States, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling was used to verify the factor structure of Big Five personality and well-being in adulthood. The factor structure of the Big Five domains and well-being was carried forward to estimate associations between personality and well-being at each of three assessments and different levels of analysis using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Associations between the Big Five metatraits and well-being were strong and consistent across the three measurements when the average ages of participants were 46, 54, and 63 years. Similar results were observed whether focused on a fine-grained or broad level of analysis. CONCLUSIONS For all types of well-being, the metatraits accounted for more variance than the Big Five domains, even when the Big Five were operationalized using latent factors, emphasizing the importance of considering this level of analysis when elucidating relations between personality and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank D Mann
- Department of Family, Population, & Preventative Medicine, Program in Public Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Colin G DeYoung
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Valerie Tiberius
- Department of Philosophy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Robert F Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Esteban-Gonzalo S, González-Pascual JL, Caballero-Galilea M, Esteban-Gonzalo L. Psychosocial Correlates of Mental Health and Well-Being During the COVID-19: The Spanish Case. Front Psychol 2020; 11:609815. [PMID: 33324307 PMCID: PMC7723862 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.609815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has hit almost all countries around the globe, seriously affecting the welfare of populations. Spain is especially hard-hit. In this context, the purpose of the present study is to analyze social, demographic, and economic correlates of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the population residing in Spain. Method The sample of this cross-sectional study was comprised of 801 participants aged 18 or older and residing in Spain. Data collection was carried out during March and April 2020. Data of mental health (GHQ12) and well-being (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) indicators, and those of a wide number of social, demographic, and economic variables were recorded. Linear regression models were built to value associations between mental health and social, demographic, and economic indicators. Results Mental health morbidity was higher in women, younger people, individuals with medium studies, people with fewer children, singles, students, and unemployed individuals. Positive affect was higher among women, people with a high level of studies, those not co-living with dependent seniors, the self-employed, the employed, and those working outside home. Negative affect was negatively associated with age and number of children and was higher among women, people with basic studies, singles, individuals co-living with dependent seniors, homemakers, and students. Conclusion The most vulnerable populations were found to be women, younger people, people with basic or medium studies, students and individuals with no remunerated activities, single populations, and those co-living with dependent seniors as well as those with a reduced number of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Esteban-Gonzalo
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Department of Psychology, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Laura Esteban-Gonzalo
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Department of Nursing, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nursing, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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González Olivares ÁL, Navarro Ó, Sánchez-Verdejo FJ, Muelas Á. Psychological Well-Being and Intrinsic Motivation: Relationship in Students Who Begin University Studies at the School of Education in Ciudad Real. Front Psychol 2020; 11:2054. [PMID: 33013520 PMCID: PMC7511627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more studies and research have found a positive relationship between the participation of young peoplein altruistic activities and helping others. It is interesting to discover the relationship that personal and vocational satisfaction play in the preparation and training for the teaching profession. For students who begin university studies related to teaching, their psychological well-being and motivation toward this activity are very relevant aspects to consider. The access to and attainment of a university degree with a great vocational character, such as that of Pre-school Teacher or Primary Education Teacher, can benefit the students under their tutelage. An adequate motivation and a psychological well-being might favor future educational professionals’ personal balance and will impact their students. This research aims to analyze the degree of psychological well-being and its relationship with the motivation toward starting the teaching career. A sample of 233 students and students aged between 17 and 19 who are beginning university studies at the School of Education of Ciudad Real was selected. All participants were enrolled in the first year of the Degree in Pre-school and Primary Education. The relationship between the psychological well-being of the students and their motivation toward attaining a professional teaching career was analyzed. Other variables, such as age or gender were also taken into account. A quantitative study was carried out and the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale (RPWS) and the validated Intrinsic Motivation Questionnaire (IMI) were used. Once the results were analyzed, it was observed that there is a positive correlation between the perception of psychological well-being that the participants have and their motivation toward the beginning of university studies. The focal point of these future teachers is direct teaching with the students of the early stages of Pre-school and Primary Education. There are also some significant differences, considering the age and gender of the participants. The vocational character of university preparation for the teaching profession may determine that students who begin their degree studies have an important motivation toward the performance of their professional future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Óscar Navarro
- Faculty of Education, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro Muelas
- Faculty of Education, University Center Villanueva, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Portocarrero FF, Gonzalez K, Ekema-Agbaw M. A meta-analytic review of the relationship between dispositional gratitude and well-being. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Yang K, Yan W, Jia N, Wang Q, Kong F. Longitudinal relationship between trait gratitude and subjective well-being in adolescents: Evidence from the bi-factor model. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2020.1818812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kairong Yang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Jia
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiuling Wang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Kong
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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Goodman FR, Disabato DJ, Kashdan TB. Reflections on unspoken problems and potential solutions for the well-being juggernaut in positive psychology. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2020.1818815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Disabato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, USA
| | - Todd B. Kashdan
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
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Zhao N, Lai H, Zhao R. The relationship between motives for making money and life satisfaction: Evidence from 31 cities in China. Psych J 2020; 10:76-86. [PMID: 32812394 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the obvious power of the money motive, money has received little attention from psychologists' writing about human motivation. Considering China's transition from its high material deprivation of several decades ago to its current rapidly developing economy, this study aimed to examine how the motives for making money affect life satisfaction through the analysis of a sample of 5,911 participants. The results were somewhat different from previous studies: all the basic motives, self-integrated motives, and non-integrated motives for making money were positively correlated with life satisfaction. We argue that, as the tool/drug theory of money states, money gives people immediate reward, like a drug. More precisely, our findings suggest that belongingness and meaningfulness of life mediate the relationship between motives for making money and life satisfaction. Based on the tool/drug theory, money can be exchanged for social status and can be used to pursue social display and social protection. Motives for making money can bring a sense of belongingness and meaningfulness of life in a large pay-disparity context. Together, these findings extend our understanding of the tool/drug theory and the cultural attributes of money. A longitudinal study is urgently needed in the future to explore the duration of the "drug effect."
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Lai
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China
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Esteban-Gonzalo S, Esteban-Gonzalo L, Cabanas-Sánchez V, Miret M, Veiga OL. The Investigation of Gender Differences in Subjective Wellbeing in Children and Adolescents: The UP&DOWN Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082732. [PMID: 32326600 PMCID: PMC7216017 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on a three-factor model of subjective wellbeing (evaluative, hedonic and eudemonic), the purpose of this study was to analyze gender differences in children and adolescents through three different subjective wellbeing indicators. METHOD The sample comprised 1.407 children and adolescents from Cadiz and Madrid (Spain), in the framework of the UP&DOWN study. Life satisfaction was measured with the subjective happiness scale, positive and negative affect were measured with the positive and negative affect schedule, and purpose in life was assessed with the children's hope scale. RESULTS Linear regression models indicate the existence of significant gender differences only in adolescents, with higher scores among girls in positive affect (p = 0.016) and negative affect (p < 0.001) but with lower scores in purpose in life (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the role of gender as an important factor in explaining differences in subjective wellbeing. Additionally, results indicate that gender differences in subjective wellbeing are observed in adolescents, but not in children, suggesting that the gender gap in subjective wellbeing begins at the age of 12. Mental health practitioners should pay attention to these findings in order to implement screening methods and interventions focused on these needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Esteban-Gonzalo
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Psychology Department, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-639-377-412
| | - Laura Esteban-Gonzalo
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Nursing Department, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar L. Veiga
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement. Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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