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Sen S, Bhowmik P, Tiwari S, Peleg Y, Bandyopadhyay B. Versatility of reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) from diagnosis of early pathological infection to mutation detection in organisms. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:211. [PMID: 38270670 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a rapid, state-of-the-art DNA amplification technology, used primarily for the quick diagnosis and early identification of microbial infection, caused by pathogens such as virus, bacteria and malaria. A target DNA can be amplified within 30 min using the LAMP reaction, taking place at a steady temperature. The LAMP method uses four or six primers to bind eight regions of a target DNA and has a very high specificity. The devices used for conducting LAMP are usually simple since the LAMP method is an isothermal process. When LAMP is coupled with Reverse Transcription (RT), it allows direct detection of RNA in a sample. This greatly enhances the efficiency of diagnosis of RNA viruses in a sample. Recently, the rampant spread of COVID-19 demanded such a rapid, simple, and cost-effective Point of Care Test (PoCT) for the accurate diagnosis of this pandemic. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays are not only used for the detection of microbial pathogens, but there are various other applications such as detection of genetic mutations in food and various organisms. In this review, various implementations of RT-LAMP techniques would be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Sen
- School of Bioscience, Engineering and Technology, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Bhowmik
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India
| | - Shubhangi Tiwari
- School of Bioscience, Engineering and Technology, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Yoav Peleg
- Structural Proteomics Unit (SPU), Life Sciences Core Facilities (LSCF), Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Boudhayan Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India.
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Zhang J, Chen X, Pan M, Qin Y, Zhao H, Yang Q, Li X, Zeng W, Xiang Z, Wu Y, Duan M, Li X, Wang X, Mazier D, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Sun K, Wu Y, Cui L, Huang Y, Yang Z. Application of a low-cost, specific, and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect Plasmodium falciparum imported from Africa. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2022; 252:111529. [PMID: 36374724 PMCID: PMC9890345 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese citizens traveling abroad bring back imported malaria cases to China. Current malaria diagnostic tests, including microscopy and antigen-detecting rapid tests, cannot reliably detect low-density infections. To complement existing diagnostic methods, we aimed to develop a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to detect and identify Plasmodium falciparum in Chinese travelers returning from Africa. METHODS We developed a miniaturized LAMP assay to amplify the actin I gene of P. falciparum. Each reaction consumed only 25% of the reagents used in a conventional LAMP assay and the same amount of DNA templates used in nested PCR. We evaluated this LAMP assay's performance and compared it to microscopy and a nested PCR assay using 466 suspected malaria cases imported from Africa. We assessed the sensitivity of the new LAMP assay using cultured P. falciparum, clinical samples, and a plasmid construct, allowing unprecedented precision when quantifying the limit of detection. RESULTS The new LAMP assay was highly sensitive and detected two more malaria cases than nested PCR. Compared to nested PCR, the sensitivity and specificity of the novel LAMP assay were 100% [95% confidence interval (CI) 98.5-100%] and 99.1% (95% CI 96.7-99.9%), respectively. When evaluated using serial dilutions of the plasmid construct, the detection limit of the new LAMP was as low as 102 copies/μL, 10-fold lower than PCR. The LAMP assay detected 0.01 parasites/μL of blood (equal to 0.04 parasites/μL of DNA) using cultured P. falciparum and 1-7 parasites/μL of blood (4-28 parasites/μL of DNA) in clinical samples, which is as good as or better than previously reported and commercially licensed assays. CONCLUSION The novel LAMP assay based on the P. falciparum actin I gene was specific, sensitive, and cost-effective, as it consumes 1/4 of the reagents in a typical LAMP reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.3399 BinSheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310051, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Maohua Pan
- Shanglin County People’s Hospital, Shanglin, Guangxi, 530500, China
| | - Yucheng Qin
- Shanglin County People’s Hospital, Shanglin, Guangxi, 530500, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yanrui Wu
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan,China
| | - Mengxi Duan
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI, Paris, France
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Wenya Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Kemin Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Yiman Wu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 304, MDC84, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yaming Huang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China,Correspondence:
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China,Correspondence:
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Loop mediated isothermal amplification for detection of foodborne parasites: A journey from lab to lab-on-a-chip. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Ultrasensitive Diagnostics for Low-Density Asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum Infections in Low-Transmission Settings. J Clin Microbiol 2021; 59:JCM.01508-20. [PMID: 33148707 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01508-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Southeast Asia (SEA) has accelerated regional malaria elimination efforts. Most malaria in this and other low-transmission settings exists in asymptomatic individuals, which conventional diagnostic tests lack the sensitivity to detect. This has led to the development of new ultrasensitive diagnostics that are capable of detecting these low-parasitemia infections. This review summarizes the current status of ultrasensitive technologies, including PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based methods, as well as a newly developed ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic test (uRDT). The sensitivity, specificity, and field performance of these platforms will be examined, as well as their suitability for use in resource-limited settings to aid in malaria elimination efforts. uRDTs, with their improved sensitivity, are now able to detect approximately half of asymptomatic infections, providing a useful point-of-contact tool for malaria surveillance. The increased sensitivity and high-throughput nature of PCR-based tests make them ideal for screening large populations in places where laboratory capacity exists, and the recent commercialization of malaria LAMP kits should facilitate their adoption as a public health tool in places where such infrastructure is lacking. Finally, recent advances with dried blood spots may enable utilization of the extensive laboratory infrastructure of higher-income countries to assist with molecular surveillance in support of malaria elimination. If malaria is to be eliminated in SEA and other low-endemicity regions, then ultrasensitive diagnostics will likely play a key role in identifying and clearing the vast asymptomatic pool of infections that are common to these regions.
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Yongkiettrakul S, Kolié FR, Kongkasuriyachai D, Sattabongkot J, Nguitragool W, Nawattanapaibool N, Suansomjit C, Warit S, Kangwanrangsan N, Buates S. Validation of PfSNP-LAMP-Lateral Flow Dipstick for Detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Associated with Pyrimethamine Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E948. [PMID: 33202937 PMCID: PMC7698237 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The loop-mediated isothermal amplification coupled with lateral flow dipstick (PfSNP-LAMP-LFD) was recently developed to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (AAT → ATT), corresponding to substitution of asparagine to isoleucine at amino acid position 51 in the P. falciparumdhfr-ts gene associated with antifolate resistance. In this present study, the PfSNP-LAMP-LFD was validated on 128 clinical malaria samples of broad ranged parasite densities (10 to 87,634 parasites per microliter of blood). The results showed 100% accuracy for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism for N51I mutation. Indeed, the high prevalence of N51I in the Pfdhfr-ts gene detected in the clinical samples is in line with reports of widespread antifolate resistant P. falciparum in Thailand. The relationship between enzyme choice and reaction time was observed to have an effect on PfSNP-LAMP-LFD specificity; however, the method yielded consistent results once the conditions have been optimized. The results demonstrate that PfSNP-LAMP-LFD is a simple method with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to be deployed in routine surveillance of antifolate resistance molecular marker and inform antimalarial management policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.Y.); (D.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Fassou René Kolié
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (F.R.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Darin Kongkasuriyachai
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.Y.); (D.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Wang Nguitragool
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Namfon Nawattanapaibool
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (F.R.K.); (N.N.)
| | - Chayanut Suansomjit
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Saradee Warit
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand; (S.Y.); (D.K.); (S.W.)
| | - Niwat Kangwanrangsan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Sureemas Buates
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (F.R.K.); (N.N.)
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Varo R, Balanza N, Mayor A, Bassat Q. Diagnosis of clinical malaria in endemic settings. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:79-92. [PMID: 32772759 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2020.1807940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malaria continues to be a major global health problem, with over 228 million cases and 405,000 deaths estimated to occur annually. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of malaria is essential to decrease the burden and impact of this disease, particularly in children. We aimed to review the main available techniques for the diagnosis of clinical malaria in endemic settings and explore possible future options to improve its rapid recognition. AREAS COVERED literature relevant to malaria diagnosis was identified through electronic searches in Pubmed, with no language or date restrictions and limited to humans. EXPERT OPINION Light microscopy is still considered the gold standard method for malaria diagnosis and continues to be at the frontline of malaria diagnosis. However, technologies as rapid diagnostic tests, mainly those who detect histidine-rich protein-2, offer an accurate, rapid and affordable alternative for malaria diagnosis in endemic areas. They are now the technique most extended in endemic areas for parasitological confirmation. In these settings, PCR-based assays are usually restricted to research and they are not currently helpful in the management of clinical malaria. Other technologies, such as isothermal methods could be an interesting and alternative approach to PCR in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosauro Varo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain.,Centro De Investigação Em Saúde De Manhiça (CISM) , Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Núria Balanza
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Mayor
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain.,Centro De Investigação Em Saúde De Manhiça (CISM) , Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat De Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain.,Centro De Investigação Em Saúde De Manhiça (CISM) , Maputo, Mozambique.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23 , Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan De Deu (University of Barcelona) , Barcelona, Spain.,Consorcio De Investigación Biomédica En Red De Epidemiología Y Salud Publica (CIBERESP) , Madrid, Spain
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Selvarajah D, Naing C, Htet NH, Mak JW. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test for diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria in endemic areas: a meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. Malar J 2020; 19:211. [PMID: 32560728 PMCID: PMC7305603 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global malaria decline has stalled and only a few countries are pushing towards pre-elimination. The aim of the malaria elimination phase is interruption of local transmission of a specified malaria parasite in a defined geographical area. New and improved screening tools and strategies are required for detection and management of very low-density parasitaemia in the field. The objective of this study was to synthesize evidence on the diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) test for the detection of malaria parasites among people living in endemic areas. Methods This study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Diagnostic Test Accuracy (PRISMA-DTA) guideline. Relevant studies in the health-related electronic databases were searched. According to the criteria set for this study, eligible studies were identified. The quality of included studies was evaluated with the use of a quality assessment checklist. A summary performance estimates such as pooled sensitivity and specificity were stratified by type of LAMP. Bivariate model for data analyses was applied. Summary receiver operating characteristics plots were created to display the results of individual studies in a receiver operating characteristics space. Meta-regression analysis was performed to investigate the sources of heterogeneity among individual studies. Results Twenty-seven studies across 17 endemic countries were identified. The vast majority of studies were with unclear risk of bias in the selection of index test. Overall, the pooled test performances were high for Pan LAMP (sensitivity: 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.97; specificity: 0.98, 95% CI 0.95 to 0.99), Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) LAMP (sensitivity: 0.96, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.98; specificity: 0.99, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.00) or for Plasmodium vivax (Pv) LAMP from 6 studies (sensitivity: 0.98, 95% CI 0.92 to 0.99; specificity: 0.99, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.00). The area under the curve for Pan LAMP (0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00), Pf LAMP (0.99, 95% CI 0.97–0.99) and Pv LAMP was (1.00, 95% CI 0.98–1.00) indicated that the diagnostic performance of these tests were within the excellent accuracy range. Meta-regression analysis showed that sample size had the greatest impact on test performance, among other factors. Conclusions The current findings suggest that LAMP-based assays are appropriate for detecting low-level malaria parasite infections in the field and would become valuable tools for malaria control and elimination programmes. Future well-designed larger sample studies on LAMP assessment in passive and active malaria surveillances that use PCR as the reference standard and provide sufficient data to construct 2 × 2 diagnostic table are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denesh Selvarajah
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 5700, Malaysia
| | - Cho Naing
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Faculty of Tropical Heath and Medicine, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Norah Htet Htet
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 5700, Malaysia
| | - Joon Wah Mak
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mohon AN, Getie S, Jahan N, Alam MS, Pillai DR. Ultrasensitive loop mediated isothermal amplification (US-LAMP) to detect malaria for elimination. Malar J 2019; 18:350. [PMID: 31619258 PMCID: PMC6796404 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria elimination requires diagnostic methods able to detect parasite levels well below what is currently possible with microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests. This is particularly true in surveillance of malaria at the population level that includes so-called “asymptomatic” individuals. Methods The development of the first ultrasensitive loop mediated amplification method capable of detecting malaria from both whole blood and dried blood spots (DBS) is described. The 18S rRNA and corresponding genes that remain stable on DBS for up to 5 months are targeted. Results In the case of Plasmodium falciparum, lower limits of detection of 25 parasite/mL and 50–100 parasite/mL from whole blood and DBS were obtained, respectively. A sensitivity of 97.0% (95% CI 82.5–99.8) and specificity of 99.1% (95% CI 97.6–99.7) was obtained for the detection of all species in asymptomatic individuals from Africa and Asia (n = 494). Conclusion This tool is ideally suited for low middle-income countries where malaria is endemic and ultrasensitive surveillance of malaria is highly desirable for elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Naser Mohon
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 9-3535 Research Road NW, 1 W-416, Calgary, AB, T2L2K8, Canada
| | - Sisay Getie
- Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Emerging Infections and Parasitology Laboratory, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shafiul Alam
- Emerging Infections and Parasitology Laboratory, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Dylan R Pillai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 9-3535 Research Road NW, 1 W-416, Calgary, AB, T2L2K8, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Aninagyei E, Smith-Graham S, Boye A, Egyir-Yawson A, Acheampong DO. Evaluating 18s-rRNA LAMP and selective whole genome amplification (sWGA) assay in detecting asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum infections in blood donors. Malar J 2019; 18:214. [PMID: 31234871 PMCID: PMC6591871 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2850-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undesirable consequences of donor Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia on stored donor blood have been reported. Therefore, it is imperative that all prospective blood donors are screened for P. falciparum infections using sensitive techniques. In this study, the sensitivities of microscopy, rapid diagnostic test (RDT), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay and selective whole genome amplification (sWGA) technique in detecting P. falciparum infections in blood donors was assessed. Methods Randomly selected blood donors from 5 districts in Greater Accra Region of Ghana were screened for asymptomatic P. falciparum infections. Each donor sample was screened with SD Bioline RDT kit for P. falciparum histidine rich protein 2 and Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase antigens, sWGA and 18s-rRNA LAMP. Crude DNA LAMP (crDNA-LAMP) was compared to purified DNA LAMP (pDNA-LAMP). Results A total of 771 blood donors were screened. The respective overall prevalence of P. falciparum in Ghana by microscopy, RDT, crDNA-LAMP, pDNA-LAMP and sWGA was 7.4%, 11.8%, 16.9%, 17.5% and 18.0%. Using sWGA as the reference test, the sensitivities of microscopy, RDT, crDNA-LAMP and pDNA-LAMP were 41.0% (95% CI 32.7–49.7), 65.5% (95% CI 56.9–73.3), 82.6% (95% CI 75.8–88.3) and 95.7% (95% CI 90.1–98.4), respectively. There was near perfect agreement between LAMP and sWGA (sWGA vs. crDNA-LAMP, κ = 0.87; sWGA vs. pDNA-LAMP, κ = 0.96), while crDNA-LAMP and pDNA-LAMP agreed perfectly (κ = 0.91). Goodness of fit test indicated non-significant difference between the performance of LAMP and sWGA (crDNA-LAMP vs. sWGA: x2 = 0.71, p = 0.399 and pDNA-LAMP vs. sWGA: x2 = 0.14, p = 0.707). Finally, compared to sWGA, the performance of LAMP did not differ in detecting sub-microscopic parasitaemia (sWGA vs. crDNA-LAMP: x2 = 1.12, p = 0.290 and sWGA vs. pDNA-LAMP: x2 = 0.22, p = 0.638). Conclusions LAMP assay agreed near perfectly with sWGA with non-significant differences in their ability to detect asymptomatic P. falciparum parasitaemia in blood donors. Therefore, it is recommended that LAMP based assays are employed to detect P. falciparum infections in blood donors due to its high sensitivity, simplicity, cost-effectiveness and user-friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Aninagyei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana. .,Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | | | - Alex Boye
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Alexander Egyir-Yawson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Desmond Omane Acheampong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
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Essangui E, Eboumbou Moukoko CE, Nguedia N, Tchokwansi M, Banlanjo U, Maloba F, Fogang B, Donkeu C, Biabi M, Cheteug G, Kemleu S, Elanga-Ndille E, Lehman L, Ayong L. Demographical, hematological and serological risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in a high stable transmission zone in Cameroon. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216133. [PMID: 31022294 PMCID: PMC6483257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of mature gametocyte forms of malaria parasites in peripheral blood is a key requirement for malaria transmission. Yet, studies conducted in most malaria transmission zones report the absence of gametocyte in the majority of patients. We therefore sought to determine the risk factors of both all-stage and mature gametocyte carriage in an area with high stable transmission of Plasmodium falciparum in Cameroon. Gametocyte positivity was determined using three complementary methods: thick blood smear microscopy, RT-PCR and RT-LAMP, whereas exposure to the infection was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Of 361 malaria endemic residents randomly included in the study (mean age: 28±23 years, age range: 2–100 years, male/female sex ratio: 1.1), 87.8% were diagnosed with P. falciparum infection, of whom 45.7% presented with fever (axillary body temperature ≥37.5°C). Mature gametocyte positivity was 1.9% by thick blood smear microscopy and 8.9% by RT-PCR targeting the mature gametocyte transcript, Pfs25. The gametocyte positivity rate was 24.1% and 36.3% by RT-PCR or RT-LAMP, respectively, when targeting the sexual stage marker, Pfs16. Multivariate analyses revealed anemia as a common independent risk factor for both mature and all-stage gametocyte carriage, whereas fever and low anti-gametocyte antibody levels were independently associated with all-stage gametocyte carriage only. Taken together, the data suggest important differences in risk factors of gametocyte carriage depending on stage analyzed, with anemia, fever and low antiplasmodial plasma antibody levels representing the major contributing risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Essangui
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Carole Else Eboumbou Moukoko
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Niels Nguedia
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Umaru Banlanjo
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Franklin Maloba
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Balotin Fogang
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Christiane Donkeu
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Marie Biabi
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Glwadys Cheteug
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Sylvie Kemleu
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Emmanuel Elanga-Ndille
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Léopold Lehman
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Lawrence Ayong
- Malaria Research Unit, Centre Pasteur Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
- * E-mail:
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11
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Ouologuem DT, Kone CO, Fofana B, Sidibe B, Togo AH, Dembele D, Toure S, Koumare S, Toure O, Sagara I, Toure A, Dao A, Doumbo OK, Djimde AA. Differential infectivity of gametocytes after artemisinin-based combination therapy of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Afr J Lab Med 2018; 7:784. [PMID: 30568901 PMCID: PMC6295776 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v7i2.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most malaria-endemic countries use artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as their first-line treatment. ACTs are known to be highly effective on asexual stages of the malaria parasite. Malaria transmission and the spread of resistant parasites depend on the infectivity of gametocytes. The effect of the current ACT regimens on gametocyte infectivity is unclear. Objectives This study aimed to determine the infectivity of gametocytes to Anopheles gambiae following ACT treatment in the field. Methods During a randomised controlled trial in Bougoula-Hameau, Mali, conducted from July 2005 to July 2007, volunteers with uncomplicated malaria were randomised to receive artemether-lumefantrine, artesunate-amodiaquine, or artesunate-sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. Volunteers were followed for 28 days, and gametocyte carriage was assessed. Direct skin feeding assays were performed on gametocyte carriers before and after ACT administration. Results Following artemether-lumefantrine treatment, gametocyte carriage decreased steadily from Day 0 to Day 21 post-treatment initiation. In contrast, for the artesunate-amodiaquine and artesunate-sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine arms, gametocyte carriage increased on Day 3 and remained constant until Day 7 before decreasing afterward. Mosquito feeding assays showed that artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine significantly increased gametocyte infectivity to Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) (p < 10-4), whereas artesunate-sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine decreased gametocyte infectivity in this setting (p = 0.03). Conclusion Different ACT regimens could lead to gametocyte populations with different capacity to infect the Anopheles vector. Frequent assessment of the effect of antimalarials on gametocytogenesis and gametocyte infectivity may be required for the full assessment of treatment efficacy, the potential for spread of drug resistance and malaria transmission in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinkorma T Ouologuem
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Cheick O Kone
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bakary Fofana
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Bakary Sidibe
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou H Togo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Demba Dembele
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekou Toure
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekou Koumare
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ousmane Toure
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Issaka Sagara
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye Toure
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama Dao
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara K Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye A Djimde
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Department of Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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12
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Kollenda H, Hagen RM, Hanke M, Rojak S, Hinz R, Wassill L, Poppert S, Tannich E, Frickmann H. Poor Diagnostic Performance of a Species-Specific Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Platform for Malaria. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2018; 8:112-118. [PMID: 30719327 PMCID: PMC6348705 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2018.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to assess an in-house loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) platform for malaria parasite detection and identification on species level. Methods LAMP primers specific for the human Plasmodium spp., namely, P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi, as well as genus-specific primers, were tested against a composite gold standard comprising microscopy from thick and thin blood films, commercial genus-specific Meridian illumigene Malaria LAMP, in-house real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and commercial fast-track diagnostics (FTD) Malaria differentiation PCR. Results Of the 523 blood samples analyzed, the composite gold standard indicated 243 Plasmodium-species-DNA-containing samples (46.5%). Sensitivity and specificity of the analyzed genus- and species-specific LAMP primers were 71.0%–100.0% and 90.8%–100.0%, respectively. The influence of parasitemia was best documented for P. falciparum-specific LAMP with sensitivity values of 35.5% (22/62) for microscopically negative samples containing P. falciparum DNA, 50% (19/38) for parasitemia ≤50/μL, 84% (21/25) for parasitemia ≤500/μL, and 100% (92/92) for parasitemia >500/μL. Conclusions In our hands, performance characteristics of species-specific in-house LAMP for malaria lack reliability required for diagnostic laboratories. The use of the easy-to-apply technique for surveillance purposes may be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Kollenda
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Tropical Microbiology and Entomology Unit, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Matthias Hagen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Bundeswehr Medical Academy, Munich, Germany
| | - Miriam Hanke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Sandra Rojak
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Tropical Microbiology and Entomology Unit, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hinz
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Tropical Microbiology and Entomology Unit, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sven Poppert
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Egbert Tannich
- National Reference Centre for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Frickmann
- Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Tropical Microbiology and Entomology Unit, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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13
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Sattabongkot J, Suansomjit C, Nguitragool W, Sirichaisinthop J, Warit S, Tiensuwan M, Buates S. Prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infections with sub-microscopic parasite densities in the northwestern border of Thailand: a potential threat to malaria elimination. Malar J 2018; 17:329. [PMID: 30208895 PMCID: PMC6134695 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymptomatic infections with sub-microscopic Plasmodium serve as a silent reservoir of disease, critical to sustaining a low level of remanent malaria in the population. These infections must be effectively identified and targeted for elimination. The sensitivity of light microscopy, the traditional method used for diagnosing Plasmodium infections, is frequently insufficient for detecting asymptomatic infections due to the low density of parasitaemia. The objective of this study was to explore the current prevalence of asymptomatic sub-microscopic Plasmodium carriages to evaluate the parasite reservoir amongst residents from 7 hamlets in Tak Province in northwestern Thailand using a highly sensitive molecular method. METHODS Malaria infection was screened in a real-world setting from 3650 finger-prick blood specimens collected in a mass cross-sectional survey using light microscopy and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). LAMP results were later confirmed in a laboratory setting in Bangkok using nested PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The association of malaria infection with demographic factors was explored. RESULTS Parasite prevalence was 0.27% (10/3650) as determined by microscopy. Sub-microscopic infection prevalence was 2.33% (85/3650) by LAMP. Of these, 30.6% (26/85) were infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 52.9% (45/85) with Plasmodium vivax, 2.4% (2/85) with Plasmodium malariae, 4.7% (4/85) with mixed P. falciparum and P. vivax, and 9.4% (8/85) had parasite densities too low for species identification. Asymptomatic carriages (T < 37.5 °C) accounted for 95% (76/80) of all sub-microscopic cases with the highest prevalence occurring in the subjects 31-45 years of age (p ≤ 0.035). Participants working on plantations or as merchants had an increased infection risk. Evaluation by microscopy identified 10.53% (10/95) of all Plasmodium infected participants. CONCLUSION Participants carrying asymptomatic Plasmodium infections with sub-microscopic parasite densities are considerable in this area. These findings provide the true disease burden and risk factors in this region. This information helps to direct policy makers towards better schemes and delivery of targeted interventions. Moreover, this is the first study to use LAMP in mass screening for sub-clinical and sub-microscopic infections in a field setting in Thailand. LAMP proves to be a sensitive and field-deployable assay suitable for national malaria control screening campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jetsumon Sattabongkot
- Mahidol Vivax Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayanut Suansomjit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wang Nguitragool
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Saradee Warit
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Medical Molecular Biology Research Unit, BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Montip Tiensuwan
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sureemas Buates
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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14
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Mao R, Ge G, Wang Z, Hao R, Zhang G, Yang Z, Lin B, Ma Y, Liu H, Du Y. A multiplex microfluidic loop-mediated isothermal amplification array for detection of malaria-related parasites and vectors. Acta Trop 2018; 178:86-92. [PMID: 29102457 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Malaria infection poses a great threaten to public health even nowadays. The conventional diagnosis tools of malaria parasites and vectors require systematic training for the observers accompanied by the low throughput. In this study, a new detection system, i.e., multiplex microfluidic loop-mediated isothermal amplification (mμLAMP) array, was developed to provide a convenient, rapid and economical detection system for malaria diagnosis. A microfluidic-based detection chip was designed and developed, targeting the conserved gene of four Anopheles and two Plasmodium species responsible for most of the malaria cases occurred in China. The DNA preparation of Anopheles and Plasmodium samples was realized by using a newly-developed DNA extraction method. For this mμLAMP array system, the detection limit was determined to be 1pg of targeting DNA with high sensitivity (>95%) and specificity (100%). Further, the accuracy of such mμLAMP analysis was evaluated by the analysis of 48 Anopheles mosquito samples, of which 30 were termed to be target Anopheles, displaying high consistency with that by morphological analysis. In conclusion, the mμLAMP detection system was proved to be a visible, sensitive, specific and high-throughput diagnostic tool. Considering the portable manipulation of such detection system, our studies shed light on its potential application of malaria surveillance on the spot.
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15
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Ponce C, Kaczorowski F, Perpoint T, Miailhes P, Sigal A, Javouhey E, Gillet Y, Jacquin L, Douplat M, Tazarourte K, Potinet V, Simon B, Lavoignat A, Bonnot G, Sow F, Bienvenu AL, Picot S. Diagnostic accuracy of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for screening patients with imported malaria in a non-endemic setting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:53. [PMID: 29251261 PMCID: PMC5734902 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive and easy-to-perform methods for the diagnosis of malaria are not yet available. Improving the limit of detection and following the requirements for certification are issues to be addressed in both endemic and non-endemic settings. The aim of this study was to test whether loop-mediated isothermal amplification of DNA (LAMP) may be an alternative to microscopy or real-time PCR for the screening of imported malaria cases in non-endemic area. RESULTS 310 blood samples associated with 829 suspected cases of imported malaria were tested during a one year period. Microscopy (thin and thick stained blood slides, reference standard) was used for the diagnosis. Real-time PCR was used as a standard of truth, and LAMP (Meridian Malaria Plus) was used as an index test in a prospective study conducted following the Standards for Reporting Diagnosis Accuracy Studies. In the 83 positive samples, species identification was P. falciparum (n = 66), P. ovale (n = 9), P. vivax (n = 3) P. malariae (n = 3) and 2 co-infections with P. falciparum + P.malariae. Using LAMP methods, 93 samples gave positive results, including 4 false-positives. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for LAMP tests were 100%, 98.13%, 95.51%, and 100% compared to PCR. CONCLUSION High negative predictive value, and limit of detection suggest that LAMP can be used for screening of imported malaria cases in non-endemic countries when expert microscopists are not immediately available. However, the rare occurrence of non-valid results and the need for species identification and quantification of positive samples preclude the use of LAMP as a single reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ponce
- Institute of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Flora Kaczorowski
- Institute of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Perpoint
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Miailhes
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Alain Sigal
- Service d'accueil des Urgences, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Etienne Javouhey
- Service d'accueil des Urgences Pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Yves Gillet
- Service d'accueil des Urgences Pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Laurent Jacquin
- Service d'accueil des urgences, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Marion Douplat
- Service d'accueil des urgences, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Karim Tazarourte
- Service des urgences/SAMU 69, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, 69003, France - Univ. Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Potinet
- Service d'accueil des urgences, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Bruno Simon
- Institute of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Lavoignat
- Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Guillaume Bonnot
- Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fatimata Sow
- Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Lise Bienvenu
- Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France - Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Picot
- Institute of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France - Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS, UMR 5246 CNRS-INSA-CPE-University Lyon1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
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16
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Detection of Plasmodium Infection by the illumigene Malaria Assay Compared to Reference Microscopy and Real-Time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2017; 55:3037-3045. [PMID: 28768730 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00806-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is one of the leading causes of infectious disease in travelers returning from the tropics. The diagnosis of malaria is typically performed by examining Giemsa-stained thick and thin peripheral blood smears, which is time consuming, labor intensive, and requires high levels of proficiency. Alternatively, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a new molecular method, which is rapid, sensitive, and requires less capital equipment and technological training. We conducted a retrospective study comparing two formats of a commercial LAMP assay (Meridian illumigene malaria [M] and malaria Plus [MP]) versus reference microscopy on archived blood specimens (n = 140) obtained from unique returning travelers suspected of having malaria. Discrepant results were resolved by either repeat testing or a laboratory developed ultrasensitive real-time PCR method. On initial testing, the Meridian illumigene M and MP kits had sensitivities of 97.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 90.7 to 99.7%) and 100.0% (95.1 to 100.0%) and specificities of 93.8% (84.8 to 98.3%) and 91.5% (81.3 to 97.2%), respectively, versus reference microscopy. We project a significant cost reduction in low prevalence settings where malaria is not endemic with LAMP-based malaria screening given the excellent negative predictive value achieved with LAMP.
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17
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Taylor BJ, Lanke K, Banman SL, Morlais I, Morin MJ, Bousema T, Rijpma SR, Yanow SK. A Direct from Blood Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Monitoring Falciparum Malaria Parasite Transmission in Elimination Settings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 97:533-543. [PMID: 28722583 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel one-step reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (direct RT-PCR) for Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites that amplifies RNA targets directly from blood. We developed the assay to identify gametocyte-specific transcripts in parasites from patient blood samples, as a means of monitoring malaria parasite transmission in field settings. To perform the test, blood is added directly to a master mix in PCR tubes and analyzed by real-time PCR. The limit of detection of the assay on both conventional and portable real-time PCR instruments was 100 parasites/mL for 18S rRNA, and 1,000 parasites/mL for asexual (PFE0065W) and gametocyte (PF14_0367, PFGEXP5) mRNA targets. The usefulness of this assay in field studies was explored in samples from individuals living in a high-transmission region in Cameroon. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay compared with a standard two-step RT-PCR was 100% for 18S rRNA on both conventional and portable instruments. For PF14_0367, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 70.0%, respectively, on the conventional instrument and 78.6% and 90%, respectively, on the portable instrument. The concordance for assays run on the two instruments was 100% for 18S rRNA, and 79.2% for PF14_0367, with most discrepancies resulting from samples with low transcript levels. The results show asexual and sexual stage RNA targets can be detected directly from blood samples in a simple one-step test on a field-friendly instrument. This assay may be useful for monitoring malaria parasite transmission potential in elimination settings, where sensitive diagnostics are needed to evaluate the progress of malaria eradication initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Taylor
- School of Public Health, Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kjerstin Lanke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Shanna L Banman
- School of Public Health, Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Isabelle Morlais
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier (UMR) MIVEGEC, Montpellier Cedex, France.,Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Organisation de Coordination pour la lutte contre les Endémies en Afrique centrale, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Teun Bousema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sanna R Rijpma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 26-28, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephanie K Yanow
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,School of Public Health, Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Zhang Y, Yao Y, Du W, Wu K, Xu W, Lin M, Tan H, Li J. Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification with Plasmodium falciparum unique genes for molecular diagnosis of human malaria. Pathog Glob Health 2017; 111:247-255. [PMID: 28683669 PMCID: PMC5560202 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2017.1347379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to achieve better outcomes for treatment and in the prophylaxis of malaria, it is imperative to develop a sensitive, specific, and accurate assay for early diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum infection, which is the major cause of malaria. In this study, we aimed to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay with P. falciparum unique genes for sensitive, specific, and accurate detection of P. falciparum infection. The unique genes of P. falciparum were randomly selected from PlasmoDB. The LAMP primers of the unique genes were designed using PrimerExplorer V4. LAMP assays with primers from unique genes of P. falciparum and conserved 18S rRNA gene were developed and their sensitivity was assessed. The specificity of the most sensitive LAMP assay was further examined using genomic DNA from Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium yoelii and Toxoplasma gondii. Finally, the unique gene-based LAMP assay was validated using clinical samples of P. falciparum infection cases. A total of 31 sets of top-scored LAMP primers from nine unique genes were selected from the pools of designed primers. The LAMP assay with PF3D7_1253300-5 was the most sensitive with the detection limit 5 parasites/μl, and it displayed negative LAMP assay with the genomic DNA samples of P. vivax, P. yoelii, and T. gondii. The LAMP assay with PF3D7_0112300 (18S rRNA) was less sensitive with the detection limit 50 parasites/μl, and it displayed negative LAMP assay with the genomic DNA samples of P. yoelii and T. gondii, but displayed positive LAMP detection with P. vivax. The positive detection rate of the LAMP assay with PF3D7_1253300-5 was 90% (27/30), higher than that (80%, 24/30) of the positive rate of PF3D7_0112300 (18S rRNA) in examining clinical samples of P. falciparum infection cases. The LAMP assay with the primer set PF3D7_1253300-5 was more sensitive, specific, and accurate than those with PF3D7_0112300 (18S rRNA) in examining P. falciparum infection, and therefore it is a promising tool for diagnosis of P. falciparum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhang
- Department of Human Parasitology, College of Basic Medicine; Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Human Parasitology, College of Basic Medicine; Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weixing Du
- Department of Human Parasitology, College of Basic Medicine; Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Wu
- Department of Schistosomiasis and Endemic Diseases, Wuhan City Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyue Xu
- The Department of Pathogenic Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Human Parasitology, College of Basic Medicine; Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Human Parasitology, College of Basic Medicine; Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author.
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Tangchaikeeree T, Sawaisorn P, Somsri S, Polpanich D, Putaporntip C, Tangboriboonrat P, Udomsangpetch R, Jangpatarapongsa K. Enhanced Sensitivity for Detection of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes by magnetic nanoparticles combined with enzyme substrate system. Talanta 2016; 164:645-650. [PMID: 28107985 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The highly sensitive and specific detection of Pfg377 gene of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte using Magnetic Nanoparticles PCR Enzyme-Linked Gene Assay (MELGA) was successfully developed. The MELGA included amplification of the Pfg377 gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs)-conjugated forward primer and biotinylated reverse primer, followed by post-analytical process using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated streptavidin (SA). The complexes of MELGA product were incubated with the peroxidase substrate and hydrogen peroxide to produce the signal for colorimetric measurement. Altogether, the MELGA technique provided a highly sensitive and specific detection at 1 P. falciparum gametocyte/µL, which was more efficient than that of microscopic examination and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Additionally, the MELGA could detect target gene at femtogram level, which was greater sensitive than the conventional PCR, nested PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The MELGA technique could become a novel and practical method that overcome limitation of traditional gametocyte detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienrat Tangchaikeeree
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Piamsiri Sawaisorn
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sangdao Somsri
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Polpanich
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chaturong Putaporntip
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | - Rachanee Udomsangpetch
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Kulachart Jangpatarapongsa
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
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Direct LAMP Assay without Prior DNA Purification for Sex Determination of Papaya. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101630. [PMID: 27669237 PMCID: PMC5085663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an economically important tropical fruit tree with hermaphrodite, male and female sex types. Hermaphroditic plants are the major type used for papaya production because their fruits have more commercial advantages than those of female plants. Sex determination of the seedlings, or during the early growth stages, is very important for the papaya seedling industry. Thus far, the only method for determining the sex type of a papaya at the seedling stage has been DNA analysis. In this study, a molecular technique—based on DNA analysis—was developed for detecting male-hermaphrodite-specific markers to examine the papaya’s sex type. This method is based on the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and does not require prior DNA purification. The results show that the method is an easy, efficient, and inexpensive way to determine a papaya’s sex. This is the first report on the LAMP assay, using intact plant materials-without DNA purification-as samples for the analysis of sex determination of papaya. We found that using high-efficiency DNA polymerase was essential for successful DNA amplification, using trace intact plant material as a template DNA source.
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Karl S, Laman M, Moore BR, Benjamin JM, Salib M, Lorry L, Maripal S, Siba P, Robinson LJ, Mueller I, Davis TME. Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocyte carriage in Papua New Guinean children with uncomplicated malaria. Acta Trop 2016; 160:1-8. [PMID: 27056132 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
There are limited data on gametocytaemia risk factors before/after treatment with artemisinin combination therapy in children from areas with transmission of multiple Plasmodium species. We utilised data from a randomised trial comparing artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and artemisinin-naphthoquine (AN) in 230 Papua New Guinean children aged 0.5-5 years with uncomplicated malaria in whom determinants of gametocytaemia by light microscopy were assessed at baseline using logistic regression and during follow-up using multilevel mixed effects modelling. Seventy-four (32%) and 18 (8%) children presented with P. falciparum and P. vivax gametocytaemia, respectively. Baseline P. falciparum gametocytaemia was associated with Hackett spleen grade 1 (odds ratio (95% CI) 4.01 (1.60-10.05) vs grade 0; P<0.001) and haemoglobin (0.95 (0.92-0.97) per 1g/L increase; P<0.001), and P. falciparum asexual parasitaemia in slide-positive cases (0.36 (0.19-0.68) for a 10-fold increase; P=0.002). Baseline P. vivax gametocytaemia was associated with Hackett grade 2 (12.66 (1.31-122.56); P=0.028), mixed P. falciparum/vivax infection (0.16 (0.03-1.00); P=0.050), P. vivax asexual parasitaemia (5.68 (0.98-33.04); P=0.053) and haemoglobin (0.94 (0.88-1.00); P=0.056). For post-treatment P. falciparum gametocytaemia, independent predictors were AN vs AL treatment (4.09 (1.43-11.65)), haemoglobin (0.95 (0.93-0.97)), presence/absence of P. falciparum asexual forms (3.40 (1.66-0.68)) and day post-treatment (0.086 (0.82-0.90)) (P<0.001). Post-treatment P. vivax gametocytaemia was predicted by presence of P. vivax asexual forms (596 (12-28,433); P<0.001). Consistent with slow P. falciparum gametocyte maturation, low haemoglobin, low asexual parasite density and higher spleen grading, markers of increased prior infection exposure/immunity, were strong associates of pre-treatment gametocyte positivity. The persistent inverse association between P. falciparum gametocytaemia and haemoglobin during follow-up suggests an important role for bone marrow modulation of gametocytogenesis. In P. vivax infections, baseline and post-treatment gametocyte carriage was positively related to the acute parasite burden, reflecting the close association between the development of asexual and sexual forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Karl
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moses Laman
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Brioni R Moore
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John M Benjamin
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mary Salib
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Lina Lorry
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Samuel Maripal
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Peter Siba
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Leanne J Robinson
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Population Health and Immunity Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy M E Davis
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Suleman E, Mtshali MS, Lane E. Investigation of false positives associated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in archived tissue samples of captive felids. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:536-42. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638716659864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite that infects humans and many different animals, including felids. Many molecular and serologic tests have been developed for detection of T. gondii in a wide range of hosts. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a field-friendly technique that lacks the practical drawbacks of other molecular and serologic tests, and LAMP assays have been successfully developed for detection of T. gondii in fresh tissue samples. In the current study, both a previously published and a de-novo designed LAMP assay were compared to a quantitative real-time (q)PCR assay, for the detection of T. gondii in archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from captive wildlife. The LAMP assays produced conflicting results, generating both false positives and false negatives. Furthermore, the LAMP assays were unable to positively identify samples with low levels of parasites as determined by qPCR and histopathology. Therefore, these LAMP assays may not be the most suitable assays for detection of T. gondii in archived FFPE and frozen tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essa Suleman
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Research and Scientific Services Department, Pretoria, South Africa (Suleman, Mtshali, Lane)
- University of Witwatersrand, Strategic Planning Division, Wits, South Africa (Mtshali)
- University of the Free State, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa (Mtshali)
| | - Moses Sibusiso Mtshali
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Research and Scientific Services Department, Pretoria, South Africa (Suleman, Mtshali, Lane)
- University of Witwatersrand, Strategic Planning Division, Wits, South Africa (Mtshali)
- University of the Free State, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa (Mtshali)
| | - Emily Lane
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Research and Scientific Services Department, Pretoria, South Africa (Suleman, Mtshali, Lane)
- University of Witwatersrand, Strategic Planning Division, Wits, South Africa (Mtshali)
- University of the Free State, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa (Mtshali)
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23
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Rapid Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Malaria and Dengue Infection. Mol Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819071.ch42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Molecular Approaches for Diagnosis of Malaria and the Characterization of Genetic Markers for Drug Resistance. Mol Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1128/9781555819071.ch37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Lau YL, Lai MY, Fong MY, Jelip J, Mahmud R. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Identification of Five Human Plasmodium Species in Malaysia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2015; 94:336-339. [PMID: 26598573 PMCID: PMC4751966 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of rapid, affordable, and accurate diagnostic tests represents the primary hurdle affecting malaria surveillance in resource- and expertise-limited areas. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a sensitive, rapid, and cheap diagnostic method. Five species-specific LAMP assays were developed based on 18S rRNA gene. Sensitivity and specificity of LAMP results were calculated as compared with microscopic examination and nested polymerase chain reaction. LAMP reactions were highly sensitive with the detection limit of one copy for Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, and Plasmodium malariae and 10 copies for Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium ovale. LAMP positively detected all human malaria species in all positive samples (N = 134; sensitivity = 100%) within 35 minutes. All negative samples were not amplified by LAMP (N = 67; specificity = 100%). LAMP successfully detected two samples with very low parasitemia. LAMP may offer a rapid, simple, and reliable test for the diagnosis of malaria in areas where malaria is prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ling Lau
- *Address correspondence to Yee-Ling Lau, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mail:
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Abdul-Ghani R, Basco LK, Beier JC, Mahdy MAK. Inclusion of gametocyte parameters in anti-malarial drug efficacy studies: filling a neglected gap needed for malaria elimination. Malar J 2015; 14:413. [PMID: 26481312 PMCID: PMC4617745 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0936-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard anti-malarial drug efficacy and drug resistance assessments neglect the gametocyte parameters in their protocols. With the spread of drug resistance and the absence of clinically proven vaccines, the use of gametocytocidal drugs or drug combinations with transmission-blocking activity is a high priority for malaria control and elimination. However, the limited repertoire of gametocytocidal drugs and induction of gametocytogenesis after treatment with certain anti-malarial drugs necessitate both regular monitoring
of gametocytocidal activities of anti-malarial drugs in clinical use and the effectiveness of candidate gametocytocidal agents. Therefore, updating current protocols of anti-malarial drug efficacy is needed to reflect the effects of anti-malarial drugs or drug combinations on gametocyte carriage and gametocyte density along with asexual parasite density. Developing protocols of anti-malarial drug efficacy that include gametocyte parameters related to both microscopic and submicroscopic gametocytaemias is important if drugs or drug combinations are to be strategically used in transmission-blocking interventions in the context of malaria elimination. The present piece of opinion highlights the challenges in gametocyte detection and follow-up and discuss the need for including the gametocyte parameter in anti-malarial efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Abdul-Ghani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen. .,Tropical Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | - Leonardo K Basco
- Unité de Recherche 198, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - John C Beier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Mohammed A K Mahdy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen. .,Tropical Disease Research Center, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen.
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Oriero EC, Van Geertruyden JP, Nwakanma DC, D'Alessandro U, Jacobs J. Novel techniques and future directions in molecular diagnosis of malaria in resource-limited settings. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:1419-26. [PMID: 26413727 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1090878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite being preventable and treatable, malaria remains a global health concern with approximately 1.2 billion people at high risk of being infected, 90% of whom are in the resource-limited settings of sub-Saharan Africa. The continued decline in malaria cases globally has rekindled the possibility of elimination in certain regions. As humans constitute the main reservoir of malaria, prompt and accurate diagnosis by microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests is part not only of effective disease management but also of control measures. However, for malaria elimination, more sensitive diagnostic tools are needed to detect asymptomatic and sub-microscopic infections that contribute to transmission. Molecular techniques, which involve amplification of nucleic acids, are being developed and modified to suit this purpose. This report provides a summary of the nucleic acid amplification tests that are currently available for diagnosis of malaria, with current improvements and adaptations for use in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniyou Cheryll Oriero
- a 1 Medical Research Council Unit , Fajara, The Gambia.,b 2 International Health Unit, University of Antwerp , Antwerp, Belgium.,c 3 Institute of Tropical Medicine , Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- a 1 Medical Research Council Unit , Fajara, The Gambia.,c 3 Institute of Tropical Medicine , Antwerp, Belgium.,d 4 London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene , London, UK
| | - Jan Jacobs
- c 3 Institute of Tropical Medicine , Antwerp, Belgium.,e 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Expanding the MDx toolbox for filarial diagnosis and surveillance. Trends Parasitol 2015; 31:391-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gametocyte Clearance Kinetics Determined by Quantitative Magnetic Fractionation in Melanesian Children with Uncomplicated Malaria Treated with Artemisinin Combination Therapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:4489-96. [PMID: 25987625 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00136-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative magnetic fractionation and a published mathematical model were used to characterize between-treatment differences in gametocyte density and prevalence in 70 Papua New Guinean children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum and/or Plasmodium vivax malaria randomized to one of two artemisinin combination therapies (artemether-lumefantrine or artemisinin-naphthoquine) in an intervention trial. There was an initial rise in peripheral P. falciparum gametocyte density with both treatments, but it was more pronounced in the artemisinin-naphthoquine group. Model-derived estimates of the median pretreatment sequestered gametocyte population were 21/μl for artemether-lumefantrine and 61/μl for artemisinin-naphthoquine (P < 0.001). The median time for P. falciparum gametocyte density to fall to <2.5/μl (below which transmission becomes unlikely) was 16 days in the artemether-lumefantrine group and 20 days in artemisinin-naphthoquine group (P < 0.001). Gametocyte prevalence modeling suggested that artemisinin-naphthoquine-treated children became gametocytemic faster (median, 2.2 days) than artemether-lumefantrine-treated children (median, 5.3 days; P < 0.001) and had a longer median P. falciparum gametocyte carriage time per individual (20 versus 13 days; P < 0.001). Clearance of P. vivax gametocytes was rapid (within 3 days) in both groups; however, consistent with the reappearance of asexual forms in the main trial, nearly 40% of children in the artemether-lumefantrine group developed P. vivax gametocytemia between days 28 and 42 compared with 3% of children in the artemisinin-naphthoquine group. These data suggest that artemisinin is less active than artemether against sequestered gametocytes. Greater initial gametocyte release after artemisinin-naphthoquine increases the period of potential P. falciparum transmission by 4 days relative to artemether-lumefantrine, but the longer elimination half-life of naphthoquine than of lumefantrine suppresses P. vivax recurrence and consequent gametocytemia.
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Oriero EC, Jacobs J, Van Geertruyden JP, Nwakanma D, D'Alessandro U. Molecular-based isothermal tests for field diagnosis of malaria and their potential contribution to malaria elimination. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 70:2-13. [PMID: 25223973 PMCID: PMC7109677 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In countries where malaria transmission has decreased substantially, thanks to the scale-up of control interventions, malaria elimination may be feasible. Nevertheless, this goal requires new strategies such as the active detection and treatment of infected individuals. As the detection threshold for the currently used diagnostic methods is 100 parasites/μL, most low-density, asymptomatic infections able to maintain transmission cannot be detected. Identifying them by molecular methods such as PCR is a possible option but the field deployment of these tests is problematic. Isothermal amplification of nucleic acids (at a constant temperature) offers the opportunity of addressing some of the challenges related to the field deployment of molecular diagnostic methods. One of the novel isothermal amplification methods for which a substantial amount of work has been done is the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. The present review describes LAMP and several other isothermal nucleic acid amplification methods, such as thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification, strand displacement amplification, recombinase polymerase amplification and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification, and explores their potential use as high-throughput, field-based molecular tests for malaria diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniyou C Oriero
- Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium International Health Unit, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Jacobs
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- Medical Research Council, Banjul, The Gambia Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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31
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Karl S, Laman M, Koleala T, Ibam C, Kasian B, N'Drewei N, Rosanas-Urgell A, Moore BR, Waltmann A, Koepfli C, Siba PM, Betuela I, Woodward RC, St Pierre TG, Mueller I, Davis TME. Comparison of three methods for detection of gametocytes in Melanesian children treated for uncomplicated malaria. Malar J 2014; 13:319. [PMID: 25123055 PMCID: PMC4139605 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gametocytes are the transmission stages of Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria. As their density in the human host is typically low, they are often undetected by conventional light microscopy. Furthermore, application of RNA-based molecular detection methods for gametocyte detection remains challenging in remote field settings. In the present study, a detailed comparison of three methods, namely light microscopy, magnetic fractionation and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for detection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocytes was conducted. Methods Peripheral blood samples from 70 children aged 0.5 to five years with uncomplicated malaria who were treated with either artemether-lumefantrine or artemisinin-naphthoquine were collected from two health facilities on the north coast of Papua New Guinea. The samples were taken prior to treatment (day 0) and at pre-specified intervals during follow-up. Gametocytes were measured in each sample by three methods: i) light microscopy (LM), ii) quantitative magnetic fractionation (MF) and, iii) reverse transcriptase PCR (RTPCR). Data were analysed using censored linear regression and Bland and Altman techniques. Results MF and RTPCR were similarly sensitive and specific, and both were superior to LM. Overall, there were approximately 20% gametocyte-positive samples by LM, whereas gametocyte positivity by MF and RTPCR were both more than two-fold this level. In the subset of samples collected prior to treatment, 29% of children were positive by LM, and 85% were gametocyte positive by MF and RTPCR, respectively. Conclusions The present study represents the first direct comparison of standard LM, MF and RTPCR for gametocyte detection in field isolates. It provides strong evidence that MF is superior to LM and can be used to detect gametocytaemic patients under field conditions with similar sensitivity and specificity as RTPCR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1475-2875-13-319) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Karl
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
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Lin JT, Saunders DL, Meshnick SR. The role of submicroscopic parasitemia in malaria transmission: what is the evidence? Trends Parasitol 2014; 30:183-90. [PMID: 24642035 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Achieving malaria elimination requires targeting the human reservoir of infection, including those with asymptomatic infection. Smear-positive asymptomatic infections detectable by microscopy are an important reservoir because they often persist for months and harbor gametocytes, the parasite stage infectious to mosquitoes. However, many asymptomatic infections are submicroscopic and can only be detected by molecular methods. Although there is some evidence that individuals with submicroscopic malaria can infect mosquitoes, transmission is much less likely to occur at submicroscopic gametocyte levels. As malaria elimination programs pursue mass screening and treatment of asymptomatic individuals, further research should strive to define the degree to which submicroscopic malaria contributes to the infectious reservoir and, in turn, what diagnostic detection threshold is needed to effectively interrupt transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - David L Saunders
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, USAMC Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Steven R Meshnick
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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33
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Han ET. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification test for the molecular diagnosis of malaria. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 13:205-18. [DOI: 10.1586/erm.12.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Joice R, Narasimhan V, Montgomery J, Sidhu AB, Oh K, Meyer E, Pierre-Louis W, Seydel K, Milner D, Williamson K, Wiegand R, Ndiaye D, Daily J, Wirth D, Taylor T, Huttenhower C, Marti M. Inferring developmental stage composition from gene expression in human malaria. PLoS Comput Biol 2013; 9:e1003392. [PMID: 24348235 PMCID: PMC3861035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current era of malaria eradication, reducing transmission is critical. Assessment of transmissibility requires tools that can accurately identify the various developmental stages of the malaria parasite, particularly those required for transmission (sexual stages). Here, we present a method for estimating relative amounts of Plasmodium falciparum asexual and sexual stages from gene expression measurements. These are modeled using constrained linear regression to characterize stage-specific expression profiles within mixed-stage populations. The resulting profiles were analyzed functionally by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), confirming differentially active pathways such as increased mitochondrial activity and lipid metabolism during sexual development. We validated model predictions both from microarrays and from quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) measurements, based on the expression of a small set of key transcriptional markers. This sufficient marker set was identified by backward selection from the whole genome as available from expression arrays, targeting one sentinel marker per stage. The model as learned can be applied to any new microarray or qRT-PCR transcriptional measurement. We illustrate its use in vitro in inferring changes in stage distribution following stress and drug treatment and in vivo in identifying immature and mature sexual stage carriers within patient cohorts. We believe this approach will be a valuable resource for staging lab and field samples alike and will have wide applicability in epidemiological studies of malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Joice
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Vagheesh Narasimhan
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacqui Montgomery
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Amar Bir Sidhu
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Keunyoung Oh
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Evan Meyer
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Willythssa Pierre-Louis
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karl Seydel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Danny Milner
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kim Williamson
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Roger Wiegand
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daouda Ndiaye
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Johanna Daily
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dyann Wirth
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Terrie Taylor
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CH); (MM)
| | - Matthias Marti
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (CH); (MM)
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Qu D, Zhou H, Han J, Tao S, Zheng B, Chi N, Su C, Du A. Development of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) as a diagnostic tool of Toxoplasma gondii in pork. Vet Parasitol 2012; 192:98-103. [PMID: 23146414 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A fast, sensitive and specific reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in pork was developed. In this study, we used a conserved sequence of 18s rRNA of Toxoplasma gondii to design primers for RT-LAMP test. The amplication was able to finish in 60 min under isothermal condition at 63°C by employing a set of six primers. The assay showed higher sensitivity than RT-PCR using T. gondii RNA as template. The RT-LAMP assay was also assessed for specificity and was found to precisely discriminate between positive and negative test samples. Furthermore, the assay correctly detected T. gondii from contaminated pork, and had the detect limit of 1 tachyzoite in 1g pork. This is the first report of a study which applied the RT-LAMP method to detect T. gondii from pork. As RT-LAMP requires very basic instruments and the results can be obtained by visual observation, this technique provides a simple and reliable tool for inspecting food which are T. gondii-contaminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofeng Qu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310035, China.
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Almasi MA, Moradi A, Nasiri J, Karami S, Nasiri M. Assessment of Performance Ability of Three Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Potato Leafroll Virus (PLRV) Using Different Visualizing Systems. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:770-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9818-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Steiner I, Schmutzhard E, Sellner J, Chaudhuri A, Kennedy PGE. EFNS-ENS guidelines for the use of PCR technology for the diagnosis of infections of the nervous system. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19:1278-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. Steiner
- Department of Neurology; Rabin Medical Center; Petach Tikva Israel
| | - E. Schmutzhard
- Department of Neurology; Medical University Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - J. Sellner
- Department of Neurology; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; München Germany
- Neurologische Abteilung; Krankenhaus Hietzing mit Neurologischem Zentrum Rosenhügel; Vienna Austria
| | - A. Chaudhuri
- Clinical Neurosciences; Queen's Hospital; Romford UK
| | - P. G. E. Kennedy
- Department of Neurology; Southern General Hospital; Institute of Neurological Sciences; Glasgow University; Glasgow UK
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Nkouawa A, Sako Y, Li T, Chen X, Nakao M, Yanagida T, Okamoto M, Giraudoux P, Raoul F, Nakaya K, Xiao N, Qiu J, Qiu D, Craig PS, Ito A. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for a differential identification of Taenia tapeworms from human: application to a field survey. Parasitol Int 2012; 61:723-5. [PMID: 22698671 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we applied a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for identification of human Taenia tapeworms in Tibetan communities in Sichuan, China. Out of 51 proglottids recovered from 35 carriers, 9, 1, and 41 samples were identified as Taenia solium, Taenia asiatica and Taenia saginata, respectively. Same results were obtained afterwards in the laboratory, except one sample. These results demonstrated that the LAMP method enabled rapid identification of parasites in the field surveys, which suggested that this method would contribute to the control of Taenia infections in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Nkouawa
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kuamsab N, Putaporntip C, Pattanawong U, Jongwutiwes S. Simultaneous detection of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in clinical isolates by multiplex-nested RT-PCR. Malar J 2012; 11:190. [PMID: 22682065 PMCID: PMC3464145 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-11-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gametocyte carriage is essential for malaria transmission and endemicity of disease; thereby it is a target for malaria control strategies. Malaria-infected individuals may harbour gametocytes below the microscopic detection threshold that can be detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) targeting gametocyte-specific mRNA. To date, RT-PCR has mainly been applied to the diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes but very limited for that of Plasmodium vivax. Methods A multiplex-nested RT-PCR targeting Pfs25 and Pvs25 mRNA specific to mature gametocytes of P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively, was developed. The assay was evaluated using blood samples collected in rainy and dry seasons from febrile patients,in a malaria-endemic area in Thailand. Malaria diagnosis was performed by Giemsa-stained blood smears and 18S rRNA PCR. Results The multiplex-nested RT-PCR detected Pfs25 mRNA in 75 of 86 (87.2%) P. falciparum-infected individuals and Pvs25 mRNA in 82 of 90 (91.1%) P. vivax malaria patients diagnosed by 18S rRNA PCR. Gametocytes were detected in 38 (eight P. falciparum and 30 P. vivax) of 157 microscopy positive samples, implying that a large number of patients harbour sub-microscopic gametocytaemia. No seasonal differences in gametocyte carriage were observed for both malaria species diagnosed by multiplex-nested RT-PCR. With single-nested RT-PCR targeting Pfs25 or Pvs25 mRNA as standard, the multiplex-nested RT-PCR offered sensitivities of 97.4% and 98.9% and specificities of 100% and 98.8% for diagnosing mature gametocytes of P. falciparum and P. vivax, respectively. The minimum detection limit of the multiplex-nested PCR was 10 copies of templates. Conclusions The multiplex-nested RT-PCR developed herein is useful for simultaneous assessment of both P. falciparum and P. vivax gametocyte carriage that is prevalent and generally sympatric in several malaria-endemic areas outside Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napaporn Kuamsab
- Molecular Biology of Malaria and Opportunistic Parasites Research Unit, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Abdul-Ghani R, Al-Mekhlafi AM, Karanis P. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for malarial parasites of humans: would it come to clinical reality as a point-of-care test? Acta Trop 2012; 122:233-40. [PMID: 22366670 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a novel molecular method that accelerates and facilitates DNA amplification and detection under isothermal conditions. It represents a revolution in molecular biology by reducing the high cost, turnaround time and technicality of polymerase chain reaction and other amplification methods. It has been applied for the diagnosis of a variety of viral, bacterial, parasitic and other diseases in the biomedical field. LAMP has been involved in studies concerning the diagnosis of malaria which is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality in different parts of the world. For the success attained with this technology to diagnose human malaria, is it time to think that LAMP-based point-of-care diagnostics come to application to support the diagnosis of clinical malaria cases? The present review deals with the use of LAMP in the diagnosis of malaria and related investigations to make a view on what has been investigated and highlights the future perspectives regarding the possible applications of LAMP in diagnosis of the disease.
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McMorrow ML, Aidoo M, Kachur SP. Malaria rapid diagnostic tests in elimination settings--can they find the last parasite? Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:1624-31. [PMID: 21910780 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria have improved the availability of parasite-based diagnosis throughout the malaria-endemic world. Accurate malaria diagnosis is essential for malaria case management, surveillance, and elimination. RDTs are inexpensive, simple to perform, and provide results in 15-20 min. Despite high sensitivity and specificity for Plasmodium falciparum infections, RDTs have several limitations that may reduce their utility in low-transmission settings: they do not reliably detect low-density parasitaemia (≤200 parasites/μL), many are less sensitive for Plasmodium vivax infections, and their ability to detect Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae is unknown. Therefore, in elimination settings, alternative tools with higher sensitivity for low-density infections (e.g. nucleic acid-based tests) are required to complement field diagnostics, and new highly sensitive and specific field-appropriate tests must be developed to ensure accurate diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic carriers. As malaria transmission declines, the proportion of low-density infections among symptomatic and asymptomatic persons is likely to increase, which may limit the utility of RDTs. Monitoring malaria in elimination settings will probably depend on the use of more than one diagnostic tool in clinical-care and surveillance activities, and the combination of tools utilized will need to be informed by regular monitoring of test performance through effective quality assurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L McMorrow
- Malaria Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
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Bousema T, Drakeley C. Epidemiology and infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax gametocytes in relation to malaria control and elimination. Clin Microbiol Rev 2011; 24:377-410. [PMID: 21482730 PMCID: PMC3122489 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00051-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 508] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the tropics, with Plasmodium falciparum responsible for the majority of the disease burden and P. vivax being the geographically most widely distributed cause of malaria. Gametocytes are the sexual-stage parasites that infect Anopheles mosquitoes and mediate the onward transmission of the disease. Gametocytes are poorly studied despite this crucial role, but with a recent resurgence of interest in malaria elimination, the study of gametocytes is in vogue. This review highlights the current state of knowledge with regard to the development and longevity of P. falciparum and P. vivax gametocytes in the human host and the factors influencing their distribution within endemic populations. The evidence for immune responses, antimalarial drugs, and drug resistance influencing infectiousness to mosquitoes is reviewed. We discuss how the application of molecular techniques has led to the identification of submicroscopic gametocyte carriage and to a reassessment of the human infectious reservoir. These components are drawn together to show how control measures that aim to reduce malaria transmission, such as mass drug administration and a transmission-blocking vaccine, might better be deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun Bousema
- Department of Immunology & Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London W1CE 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Drakeley
- Department of Immunology & Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London W1CE 7HT, United Kingdom
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In vivo and in vitro gametocyte production of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Northern Thailand. Int J Parasitol 2011; 41:317-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Karl S, Davis TME, St Pierre TG. Short report: Quantification of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes by magnetic fractionation. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 84:158-60. [PMID: 21212220 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A method of gametocyte quantitation in human blood was developed based on magnetic fractionation using commercially available magnetic fractionation columns (MFCs) and exploiting the magnetic susceptibility of mature Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. The technique uses magnetic microspheres as a calibration standard. Microspheres are added to each blood sample to a known concentration. When exposed to a magnetic field, gametocytes and magnetic microspheres are preferentially captured inside MFCs. After removal of the magnetizing field, the magnetically captured material can be eluted, placed on a microscope slide that is stained, and counted by using conventional methods. The limits of quantitation for P. falciparum gametocytes were determined from serial dilutions of blood samples with known gametocyte density. The upper limit was 1,000 gametocytes/μL. Quantitative analysis above this threshold is difficult because of an over-abundance of gametocytes. The lower limit was 0.1 gametocytes/μL, and there is a significant probability of a false-negative result below this level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Karl
- School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.
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One-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Cymbidium mosaic virus. J Virol Methods 2011; 173:43-8. [PMID: 21237208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) is the most prevalent orchid virus. A single-tube one-step betaine-free reverse transcription (RT) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for the rapid and easy detection of orchid-infecting CymMV. Five sets of primers were designed based on the conserved regions among various virus isolates. The specificity and the sensitivity of the assay were then evaluated using the RT-LAMP reaction. Within 1h under isothermal conditions at 60°C the target viral gene was amplified successfully. This RT-LAMP assay was found to be quick, specific, sensitive and easy to perform assay that involved only one step and was simpler to carry out than alternative approaches. Thus this assay is an alternative for the rapid and easy detection of CymMV in orchids. This is first time that a RT-LAMP method for the detection of an orchid virus has been described.
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