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Pan X, Zhang X, Wu X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Chen Z, Hu Y, Cao X. Association between non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study from NHANES. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:209. [PMID: 38965618 PMCID: PMC11223298 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a widespread sleep disturbance linked to metabolic and cardiovascular conditions. The Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratios (NHHR) has been proposed as being a potential biomarker to gauge cardiovascular risk. However, its relationship with OSA remains unclear. METHODS This survey investigated the link NHHR to OSA in American citizens aged 20 and older using information collected via the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during the years 2017 to 2020. Logistic regression models with multivariable adjustments were employed to assess this relationship. Nonlinear associations were explored using smooth curve fitting, with a two-part linear regression model identifying a threshold effect. Subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate population-specific differences. RESULTS The survey encompassed 6763 participants, with an average age of 50.75 ± 17.32. The average NHHR stood at 2.74, accompanied by a standard deviation of 1.34, while the average frequency of OSA was 49.93%. Upon adjusting for covariates, each unit increase in NHHR may be associated with a 9% rise in OSA incidence. (95% confidence intervals 1.04-1.14; P < 0.0001). Notably, a U-shaped curve depicted the NHHR-OSA relationship, with an inflection point at 4.12. Subgroup analyses revealed consistent associations, with educational attainment and diabetes status modifying the NHHR-OSA relationship. CONCLUSION The study highlights NHHR as a potential tool for OSA prediction, presenting avenues for advanced risk evaluation, tailored interventions, personalized treatment approaches, and preventive healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yilong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zitong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuezhao Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Chen Y, Wei Y, Tang W. The role of hydrogen in the prevention and treatment of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176586. [PMID: 38615891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is a primary cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis (AS), which is characterized by chronic inflammation and lipid oxidative deposition. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an effective anti-inflammatory agent and has potential to ameliorate glycolipid metabolism disorders, which is believed to exert beneficial effects on the prevention and treatment of CHD. It is suggested that H2 reduces inflammation in CHD by regulating multiple pathways, including NF-κB inflammatory pathway, pyroptosis, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. Additionally, H2 may improve glycolipid metabolism by mediation of PI3K and AMPK signalling pathways, contributing to inhibition of the occurrence and development of CHD. This review elaborates pathogenesis of CHD and evaluates the role of H2 in CHD. Moreover, possible molecular mechanisms have been discussed and speculated, aiming to provide more strategies and directions for subsequent studies of H2 in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxi Chen
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Youzhen Wei
- Hydrogen Medicine Center, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, Shandong, 271000, PR China; Research Center for Translational Medicine, Jinan People's Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 271100, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Research Institute of Heart Failure, Research Center for Translational Medicine & Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, PR China; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine, East Hospital, Tongji University, 1800 Yuntai Road, Shanghai, 200123, PR China.
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3
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Chen B, Chen Y, Wang Y, Xin Q, Ma D. The association between rapid growth and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1353334. [PMID: 38577566 PMCID: PMC10991823 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1353334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Metabolic disease prevalence has increased in many regions, and is closely associated with dyslipidemia. Rapid growth refers to a significant increase in growth velocity above the normal range, particularly in infants and children, and is highly prevalent in congenital deficiency infants. But the association between dyslipidemia and rapid growth remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the lipid profile in subjects with and without postnatal rapid growth, and to determine what are the confounding factors. Methods Medline, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Chinese citation database and WANFANG database were searched (last search in May 2021). Publication bias was examined by constructing funnel plots, Egger's linear regression test and Begg's rank correlation test. Results The fixed effects model would be adopted if I2 is less than 25%, otherwise random effects model would be used. There were 11 articles involved with a total of 1148 participants (539 boys and 609 girls, mean age=7.4 years). Pooled analysis found that rapid growth was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (weighted mean difference=-0.068, 95%CI [-0.117, -0.020]), but not associated with triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Stratified analysis suggested that increased TG were found in rapid growth subjects from developing countries. Higher TC was observed for rapid growth participants of follow-up age ≤8 years old, rapid growth duration ≤2 years, preterm, low birth weight, and from developing countries. But decreased TC was observed in small for gestational age (SGA) rapid growth subjects. Decreased LDL-C had been documented in rapid growth subjects of follow-up age >8 years old, from developed countries, and SGA. At last, rapid growth groups had lower HDL-C in infants of rapid growth duration >2 years and from developed countries. Conclusion Rapid growth is associated with lipid profiles, particularly during early childhood, and this relationship is influenced by factors such as the duration of growth, the level of national development, and birth weight. These findings are significant for the development of strategies to prevent metabolic diseases.This review was registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) with the registration number CRD42020154240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botian Chen
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunli Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyang Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Xin
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, China
| | - Defu Ma
- School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Shen T, Li Y, Liu T, Lian Y, Kong L. Association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, high‑density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular health (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:39. [PMID: 38357242 PMCID: PMC10865299 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism and cardiovascular disease is an emerging research area. The present review summarizes the basic characteristics of M. pneumoniae infection and its association with high-density lipoprotein and cardiovascular health. M. pneumoniae primarily invades the respiratory tract and damages the cardiovascular system through various mechanisms including adhesion, invasion, secretion of metabolites, production of autoantibodies and stimulation of cytokine production. Additionally, the present review highlights the potential role of high-density lipoprotein for the development of prevention and intervention of M. pneumoniae infection and cardiovascular disease, and provides suggestions for future research directions and clinical practice. It is urgent to explore the specific mechanisms underlying the association between M. pneumoniae infection, high-density lipoprotein metabolism, and cardiovascular disease and analyze the roles of the immune system and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhi Lian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
| | - Luke Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jincheng People's Hospital, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
- Jincheng Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Jincheng, Shanxi 048000, P.R. China
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Chen Q, Hu H, She Y, He Q, Huang X, Shi H, Cao X, Zhang X, Xu Y. An artificial neural network model for evaluating the risk of hyperuricaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2197. [PMID: 38273015 PMCID: PMC10810925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes with hyperuricaemia may lead to gout, kidney damage, hypertension, coronary heart disease, etc., further aggravating the condition of diabetes as well as adding to the medical and financial burden. To construct a risk model for hyperuricaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus based on artificial neural network, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the risk model to provide directions for the prevention and control of the disease in this population. From June to December 2022, 8243 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from six community service centers for questionnaire and physical examination. Secondly, the collected data were used to select suitable variables and based on the comparison results, logistic regression was used to screen the variable characteristics. Finally, three risk models for evaluating the risk of hyperuricaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus were developed using an artificial neural network algorithm and evaluated for performance. A total of eleven factors affecting the development of hyperuricaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this study, including gender, waist circumference, diabetes medication use, diastolic blood pressure, γ-glutamyl transferase, blood urea nitrogen, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting glucose and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Among the generated models, baseline & biochemical risk model had the best performance with cutoff, area under the curve, accuracy, recall, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, precision, negative predictive value, KAPPA and F1-score were 0.488, 0.744, 0.689, 0.625, 0.749, 2.489, 0.501, 0.697, 0.684, 0.375 and 0.659. In addition, its Brier score was 0.169 and the calibration curve also showed good agreement between fitting and observation. The constructed artificial neural network model has better efficacy and facilitates the reduction of the harm caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with hyperuricaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Chen
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiping Hu
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyu She
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing He
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Huang
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Cao
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Youqiong Xu
- The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Schindler LS, Subramaniapillai S, Ambikairajah A, Barth C, Crestol A, Voldsbekk I, Beck D, Gurholt TP, Topiwala A, Suri S, Ebmeier KP, Andreassen OA, Draganski B, Westlye LT, de Lange AMG. Cardiometabolic health across menopausal years is linked to white matter hyperintensities up to a decade later. Front Glob Womens Health 2023; 4:1320640. [PMID: 38213741 PMCID: PMC10783171 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1320640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The menopause transition is associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors. Poor cardiometabolic health is further linked to microvascular brain lesions, which can be detected as white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) using T2-FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Females show higher risk for WMHs post-menopause, but it remains unclear whether changes in cardiometabolic risk factors underlie menopause-related increase in brain pathology. Methods In this study, we assessed whether cross-sectional measures of cardiometabolic health, including body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood lipids, blood pressure, and long-term blood glucose (HbA1c), as well as longitudinal changes in BMI and WHR, differed according to menopausal status at baseline in 9,882 UK Biobank females (age range 40-70 years, n premenopausal = 3,529, n postmenopausal = 6,353). Furthermore, we examined whether these cardiometabolic factors were associated with WMH outcomes at the follow-up assessment, on average 8.78 years after baseline. Results Postmenopausal females showed higher levels of baseline blood lipids (HDL β = 0.14, p < 0.001, LDL β = 0.20, p < 0.001, triglycerides β = 0.12, p < 0.001) and HbA1c (β = 0.24, p < 0.001) compared to premenopausal women, beyond the effects of age. Over time, BMI increased more in the premenopausal compared to the postmenopausal group (β = -0.08, p < 0.001), while WHR increased to a similar extent in both groups (β = -0.03, p = 0.102). The change in WHR was however driven by increased waist circumference only in the premenopausal group. While the group level changes in BMI and WHR were in general small, these findings point to distinct anthropometric changes in pre- and postmenopausal females over time. Higher baseline measures of BMI, WHR, triglycerides, blood pressure, and HbA1c, as well as longitudinal increases in BMI and WHR, were associated with larger WMH volumes (β range = 0.03-0.13, p ≤ 0.002). HDL showed a significant inverse relationship with WMH volume (β = -0.27, p < 0.001). Discussion Our findings emphasise the importance of monitoring cardiometabolic risk factors in females from midlife through the menopause transition and into the postmenopausal phase, to ensure improved cerebrovascular outcomes in later years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise S. Schindler
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sivaniya Subramaniapillai
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ananthan Ambikairajah
- Discipline of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Claudia Barth
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arielle Crestol
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Voldsbekk
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dani Beck
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril P. Gurholt
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anya Topiwala
- Nuffield Department Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sana Suri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus P. Ebmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Marie G. de Lange
- LREN, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hu S, Zhu Y, Zhao X, Li R, Shao G, Gong D, Hu C, Liu H, Xu K, Liu C, Xu M, Zhao Z, Li T, Hu Z, Shao M, Liu J, Li X, Wu H, Li J, Xu Y. Hepatocytic lipocalin-2 controls HDL metabolism and atherosclerosis via Nedd4-1-SR-BI axis in mice. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2326-2337.e5. [PMID: 37863040 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism is regulated by complex interplay between the scavenger receptor group B type 1 (SR-BI) and multiple signaling molecules in the liver. Here, we show that lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) is a key regulator of hepatic SR-BI, HDL metabolism, and atherosclerosis. Overexpression of human Lcn2 in hepatocytes attenuates the development of atherosclerosis via SR-BI in western-diet-fed Ldlr-/- mice, whereas hepatocyte-specific ablation of Lcn2 has the opposite effect. Mechanistically, hepatocyte Lcn2 improves HDL metabolism and alleviates atherogenesis by blocking Nedd4-1-mediated SR-BI ubiquitination at K500 and K508. The Lcn2-improved HDL metabolism is abolished in mice with hepatocyte-specific Nedd4-1 or SR-BI deletion and in SR-BI (K500A/K508A) mutation mice. This study identifies a regulatory axis from Lcn2 to HDL via blocking Nedd4-1-mediated SR-BI ubiquitination and demonstrates that hepatocyte Lcn2 may be a promising target to improve HDL metabolism to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guangze Shao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongxu Gong
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chencheng Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongjun Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Minghuan Xu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital Xizhimen South Street, West District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengle Shao
- Center for Microbes, Development and Health, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jun- Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Yanyong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, Frontier Innovation Center, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai 200032, China; Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Research Center, Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA.
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8
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Dyńka D, Kowalcze K, Charuta A, Paziewska A. The Ketogenic Diet and Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:3368. [PMID: 37571305 PMCID: PMC10421332 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common and increasing causes of death worldwide are cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Taking into account the fact that diet is a key factor, it is worth exploring this aspect of CVD prevention and therapy. The aim of this article is to assess the potential of the ketogenic diet in the prevention and treatment of CVD. The article is a comprehensive, meticulous analysis of the literature in this area, taking into account the most recent studies currently available. The ketogenic diet has been shown to have a multifaceted effect on the prevention and treatment of CVD. Among other aspects, it has a beneficial effect on the blood lipid profile, even compared to other diets. It shows strong anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potential, which is due, among other factors, to the anti-inflammatory properties of the state of ketosis, the elimination of simple sugars, the restriction of total carbohydrates and the supply of omega-3 fatty acids. In addition, ketone bodies provide "rescue fuel" for the diseased heart by affecting its metabolism. They also have a beneficial effect on the function of the vascular endothelium, including improving its function and inhibiting premature ageing. The ketogenic diet has a beneficial effect on blood pressure and other CVD risk factors through, among other aspects, weight loss. The evidence cited is often superior to that for standard diets, making it likely that the ketogenic diet shows advantages over other dietary models in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There is a legitimate need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; (D.D.); (K.K.); (A.C.)
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Gao Y, Xun R, Xia J, Xia H, Sun G. Effects of phytosterol supplementation on lipid profiles in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2023; 14:2969-2997. [PMID: 36891733 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03663k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols (PSs) have been reported to improve blood lipids in patients with hypercholesterolemia for many years. However, meta-analyses of the effects of phytosterols on lipid profiles are limited and incomplete. A systematic search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to March 2022 was conducted according to the 2020 preferred reporting items of the guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. These included studies of people with hypercholesterolemia, comparing foods or preparations containing PSs with controls. Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate continuous outcomes for individual studies. The results showed that in patients with hypercholesterolemia, taking a diet containing a certain dose of plant sterol significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (TC: Weight Mean Difference (WMD) [95% CI] = -0.37 [-0.41, -0.34], p < 0.001; LDL-C: WMD [95% CI] = -0.34 [-0.37, -0.30], p < 0.001). In contrast, PSs had no effect on high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides (TGs) (HDL-C: WMD [95% CI] = 0.00 [-0.01, 0.02], p = 0.742; TG: WMD [95% CI] = -0.01 [-0.04, 0.01], p = 0.233). Also, a significant effect of supplemental dose on LDL-C levels was observed in a nonlinear dose-response analysis (p-nonlinearity = 0.024). Our findings suggest that dietary phytosterols can help reduce TC and LDL-C concentrations in hypercholesterolemia patients without affecting HDL-C and TG concentrations. And the effect may be affected by the food substrate, dose, esterification, intervention cycle and region. The dose of phytosterol is an important factor affecting the level of LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ruilong Xun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Jiayue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China. .,China-DRIs Expert Committee on Other Dietary Ingredients, Beijing 100052, China
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10
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Wen J, Zhuang R, He C, Giri M, Guo S. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol is inversely associated with blood eosinophil counts among asthmatic adults in the USA: NHANES 2011-2018. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166406. [PMID: 37168867 PMCID: PMC10166227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A growing number of research strongly suggest that metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia contribute to the establishment of a pro-inflammatory state in asthma, according to accumulating data. However, the majority of recent research has focused on the association between lipids and asthma in children and adolescents, with contradictory findings. Consequently, we analyzed the relationship between serum lipid and blood eosinophil counts using data from the NHANES in the USA. Methods After screening the individuals from the 2011 to 2018 NHANES survey, a total of 2,544 out of 39156 participants were eligible for our study. The potential association was discussed using the linear regression model, XGBoost algorithm model, generalized additive model, and two-piecewise linear regression model. In addition, we ran stratified analysis to identify specific demographics. Results After adjusting for covariates, the result indicated that blood eosinophil counts decreased by 45.68 (-68.56, -22.79)/uL for each additional unit of HDL-C (mmol/L). But serum LDL-C, total cholesterol or triglyceride was not correlated with blood eosinophil counts. Furthermore, we used machine learning of the XGBoost model to determine LDL-C, age, BMI, triglyceride, and HDL-C were the five most critical variables in the blood eosinophil counts. The generalized additive model and two-piecewise linear regression model were used to further identify linear relationship between the serum HDL-C and blood eosinophil counts. Conclusions Our study elucidated a negative and linear correlation between serum HDL-C and blood eosinophil counts among American asthmatic adults, suggesting that serum HDL-C levels might be associated with the immunological condition of asthmatic adults. There was no correlation between serum LDL-C, total cholesterol, or triglyceride levels and blood eosinophil counts.
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11
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Xu Y, Dong H, Zhang B, Zhang J, Ma Q, Sun H. Association between dyslipidaemia and the risk of hyperuricaemia: a six-year longitudinal cohort study of elderly individuals in China. Ann Med 2022; 54:2402-2410. [PMID: 36053052 PMCID: PMC9448407 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2118368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite abundant evidence linking dyslipidaemia to an increased risk of hyperuricaemia, the exact association between each component of dyslipidaemia and hyperuricaemia remains controversial. Thus, the objective of this research was to examine the correlation between dyslipidaemia and its components, as well as hyperuricaemia in Chinese people over the age of 60. METHODS In this study, 4018 participants over 60 years without hyperuricaemia were investigated from 2014 to 2020. The association between each dyslipidaemia component and hyperuricaemia was evaluated employing Cox proportional hazards models. This research conducted further stratified and sensitivity analyses to assess the potential relationship. RESULTS A total of 1155 participants suffered from hyperuricaemia (28.75%) at the time of the 6-year follow-up survey. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, compared to participants with normal lipid levels, those with dyslipidaemia had 1.28 times the risk (95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.47) of experiencing hyperuricaemia. The hazard ratios (HR) (95% CI) comparing high TC, high TG, high LDL-C, and low HDL-C of dyslipidaemia with the regular group were 0.99 (0.72 to 1.37), 1.30 (1.07 to 1.57), 1.02 (0.70 to 1.50), and 1.20 (1.00 to 1.44), respectively. There was a nonlinear dose-response between TG, HDL-C, and serum uric acid (SUA). CONCLUSIONS Dyslipidaemia and its two distinct types, high TG and low HDL-C, increased hyperuricaemia incidence in this prospective cohort. Further research should be undertaken to investigate the possible reverse causality between different components of dyslipidaemia and hyperuricaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Dong
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Boya Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- The 3rd People's Hospital of Xiangcheng District, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongpeng Sun
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Bhale AS, Venkataraman K. Leveraging knowledge of HDLs major protein ApoA1: Structure, function, mutations, and potential therapeutics. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113634. [PMID: 36063649 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is a member of the Apolipoprotein family of proteins. It's a vital protein that helps in the production of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, which are crucial for reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). It also has anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic properties. These functions interact to give HDL particles their cardioprotective characteristics. ApoA1 has recently been investigated for its potential role in atherosclerosis, diabetes, neurological diseases, cancer, and certain infectious diseases. Since ApoA1's discovery, numerous mutations have been reported that affect its structural integrity and alter its function. Hence these insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) that mimics the function of ApoA1. As a result, this review has aimed to provide an organized explanation of our understanding of the ApoA1 protein structure and its role in various essential pathways. Furthermore, we have comprehensively reviewed the important ApoA1 mutations (24 mutations) that are reported to be involved in various diseases. Finally, we've focused on the therapeutic potentials of some of the beneficial mutations, small peptides, and synthetic rHDL that are currently being researched or developed, since these will aid in the development of novel therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Sudam Bhale
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Venkataraman
- Centre for Bio-Separation Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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13
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Xie B, Zu X, Wang Z, Xu X, Liu G, Liu R. Ginsenoside Rc ameliorated atherosclerosis via regulating gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:990476. [PMID: 36188559 PMCID: PMC9520581 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.990476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) and the accompanied cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were the leading cause of death worldwide. Recently, the association between CVDs, gut microbiota, and metabolites had aroused increasing attention. In the study, we headed our investigation into the underlying mechanism of ginsenoside Rc (GRc), an active ingredient of ginsenosides used for the treatment of CVDs, in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice with high-fat diet (HFD). Seven-week-old male ApoE−/− mice were randomly divided into four groups: the normal control (NC) group, the HFD group, the GRc group (40 mg/kg/d), and the atorvastatin (Ato) group (10 mg/kg/d). Atherosclerotic injury was evaluated by aortic lesions, serum lipid levels, and inflammatory factors. The composition of gut microbiota and fecal metabolite profile were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequence and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. The results showed that GRc significantly alleviated HFD-induced aortic lesions, reduced serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HFD-C) level, as well as the alteration of gut microbiota composition, function, and metabolite profile. GRc also reversed HFD change of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level, Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, Ileibacterium, Bifidobacterium, Faecalibaculum, Oscillibacter, Blautia, and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group at the genus level, and 23 key metabolites involved in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, primary bile acid biosynthesis, purine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and glucagon signaling pathways. Additionally, eight differential intestinal floras at the genus level were associated with 23 key differential metabolites involving atherosclerotic injury. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that GRc ameliorated atherosclerotic injury, regulated microbial and metabolomic changes in HFD-induced ApoE−/− mice, and suggested a potential correlation among gut microbiota, metabolites, and atherosclerotic injury regarding the mechanisms of GRc against AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guoping Liu, ; Runhui Liu,
| | - Runhui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Guoping Liu, ; Runhui Liu,
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14
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Effects of the Treatment with Flavonoids on Metabolic Syndrome Components in Humans: A Systematic Review Focusing on Mechanisms of Action. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158344. [PMID: 35955475 PMCID: PMC9369232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets high in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, have been used to mitigate metabolic syndrome (MetS). Polyphenols are a large group of naturally occurring bioactive compounds, classified into two main classes: non-flavonoids and flavonoids. Flavonoids are distributed in foods, such as fruits, vegetables, tea, red wine, and cocoa. Studies have already demonstrated the benefits of flavonoids on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, as well as cancer cells. The present review summarizes the results of clinical studies that evaluated the effects of flavonoids on the components of the MetS and associated complications when offered as supplements over the long term. The results show that flavonoids can significantly modulate several metabolic parameters, such as lipid profile, blood pressure, and blood glucose. Only theaflavin and catechin were unable to affect metabolic parameters. Moreover, only body weight and body mass index were unaltered. Thus, the evidence presented in this systematic review offers bases in support of a flavonoid supplementation, held for at least 3 weeks, as a strategy to improve several metabolic parameters and, consequently, reduce the risk of diseases associated with MetS. This fact becomes stronger due to the rare side effects reported with flavonoids.
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15
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Hasson TS, Said E, Helal MG. Nifuroxazide modulates hepatic expression of LXRs/SR-BI/CES1/CYP7A1 and LDL-R and attenuates experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemia and the associated cardiovascular complications. Life Sci 2022; 306:120790. [PMID: 35817168 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a serious disorders affecting the metabolism of fats in the human body, and it is usually associated with some serious cardiovascular complications increasing the risk for sudden death. Nifuroxazide (NFR) is an oral nitrofuran antibiotic that has long been used for management of diarrhea and recently various recent out merging valuable therapeutic impacts were reported. The current study sought the concept of repositioning nifuroxazide in management of hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia was induced in male rabbits using cholesterol enriched diet for 9 weeks and starting from the beginning of 5th week; NFR (100 and 300 mg/kg) were administered once daily for the further 5 weeks; till the end of the 9th week of the experiment. NFR significantly recovered balanced lipid profile as serum cholesterol, total glycerides, LDL significantly declined with significant elevation in serum HDL. Meanwhile, serum LDH, CK, ALT and AST activities were significantly corrected. These biochemical changes were correlated with significant improvement in the histopathological examination of hepatic, cardiac and aortic specimen with decreased expression of CD68 and Ki67 in the myocardium and the aorta implying retraction in macrophages' infiltration and tissue regeneration. Myocardial specimen confirmed significant recovery with preservation of cardiac muscle fibers. Aortic specimen confirmed retraction in the aortic thickness and fewer deposition of fat globules. In conclusion, NFR attenuated experimentally-induced hyperlipidemia with significant recovery of serum profile and tissue necrotic changes. The histopathological examination of hepatic, myocardial and aortic specimen confirmed the onset of tissues' recovery alongside biochemical improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Shaker Hasson
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Said
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, New Mansoura University, New Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Manar Gamal Helal
- Dep. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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16
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Liposomal codelivery of inflammation inhibitor and collagen protector to the plaque for effective anti-atherosclerosis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Andrade NVDSS, Noronha IMD, Almeida LX, Siqueira F, Onofre T. Cardiovascular risk in primary care: comparison between Framingham Score and waist circumference. REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE 2021. [DOI: 10.21876/rcshci.v11i4.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To estimate and compare the cardiovascular risk using the Framingham risk score (FRS) and waist circumference (WC) in primary care individuals and, secondarily, determine the main factors associated with these scores. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving individuals of both sexes attended in a primary health unit and aging between 30 and 74 years. The cardiovascular risks (FRS and WC) were stratified as low, intermediate, and high. The weighted Kappa coefficient was used to assess agreements between scores. Results: Fifty-five individuals (52.8 ± 9.4 years, 70.9% women) were evaluated. Using the FRS, 40.0% of the sample presented a low risk, 45.5% intermediate risk, and 14.5% high risk of cardiovascular disease. Conversely, when analyzed using the WC score, the highest frequency (71%) was observed in the high-risk category. Also, no agreement (K= 0.36; p= 0.55) was found between scores. FRS was associated with hypertension (p<0.01), diabetes (p=0.01), and stress in women (p=0.01), while the WC score was associated with hypertension (p=0.02), obesity (p<0.01), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL-c (p=0.03). Conclusions: Primary care individuals presented intermediate cardiovascular risk in the FRS and high risk in the WC, with no agreement between scores. Hypertension, diabetes, stress, obesity, and HDL-c represented the factors that were most associated with these scores.
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18
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Luo X, Cai WY, Wu XK. Prevalence, Pattern and Predictors for Dyslipidemia of Chinese Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:790454. [PMID: 34977197 PMCID: PMC8714791 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.790454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prevalence, pattern and risk predictors for dyslipidemia among Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Study Design and Methods: A total of 1,000 women diagnosed as PCOS by modified Rotterdam criteria were enrolled in 27 hospitals across China in a randomized controlled trial. Anthropometric, metabolic parameters, sex hormone, and lipid levels were measured at the baseline visit. Dyslipidemia was defined according to total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) level. Independent t-test and logistic regression were used to identify predictors for dyslipidemia. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated. Results: A total of 41.3% of the women had dyslipidemia, and the prevalence of abnormal TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG were 8.6, 9.1, 26.9, and 17.5%, respectively. Logistic regression found that age, waist circumference, insulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were independent predictors for dyslipidemia. When combining these predictors, the AUC was 0.744. The cut-off points were age >28.5 years, waist circumference >86.5 cm, insulin >96.0 pmol/L, follicle-stimulating hormone <5.6 mIU/mL, and sex hormone-binding hormone <31.0 nmol/L, respectively. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was common in Chinese women with PCOS, and low HDL-C level was the predominant lipid abnormality. Age, waist circumference, follicle-stimulating hormone, insulin and sex hormone-binding globulin were predictive for dyslipidemia among Chinese women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang-Yu Cai
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Wu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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19
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Huang R, Yan L, Lei Y. The relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic patients aged 20 or above: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:198. [PMID: 34635098 PMCID: PMC8507179 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The incidence rate of diabetes is increasing year by year, seriously threatening human health. As a predictor of glycemic control, glycated hemoglobin is reported to be related to various complications and prognoses of diabetes. Besides, HDL-C dyslipidemia is a component of metabolic syndrome and may be related to various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The principal objective of this project was to investigate the relationship between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin in adult diabetic patients. METHODS A total of 3171 adult diabetic patients aged 20 years and above were included in the present study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin were regarded as independent and dependent variables, respectively. EmpowerStats software and R (version 3.4.3) were used to examine the association between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin. RESULTS HDL-C was inversely associated with glycohemoglobin after adjusting for other covariates (β = - 0.004, 95% CI:- 0.008 to - 0.000, p = 0.044). Race/ethnicity and age were considered the most prominent interactive factors that affect the relationship between HDL and glycosylated hemoglobin by the interaction analysis. A U-shaped association was detected between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin for people of other race/ethnicity or aged 60 and above, which had an inflection point of HDL-C at 60 mg/dL. In contrast, we observed an inverted U-shaped distribution between HDL-C and glycosylated hemoglobin in people under 40 with point of inflection located at 60 mg/dL as well. CONCLUSIONS HDL-C in diabetic patients is inversely associated with glycosylated hemoglobin and may be relevant to glycemic control. However, a U-shaped relationship was also observed in a certain kind of people, which implied that, though HDL-C is considered as metabolism and anti-atherogenic property, for diabetics, it is not the higher, the better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, No.158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Li Yan
- Pediatrics Department, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, No.158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuhua Lei
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, Central Hospital of Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi Clinical College of Wuhan University, No.158 Wuyang Avenue, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China.
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Darabi M, Kontush A. High-density lipoproteins (HDL): Novel function and therapeutic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159058. [PMID: 34624514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The failure of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-raising agents to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) together with recent findings of increased cardiovascular mortality in subjects with extremely high HDL-cholesterol levels provide new opportunities to revisit our view of HDL. The concept of HDL function developed to explain these contradictory findings has recently been expanded by a role played by HDL in the lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) by lipoprotein lipase. According to the reverse remnant-cholesterol transport (RRT) hypothesis, HDL critically contributes to TGRL lipolysis via acquirement of surface lipids, including free cholesterol, released from TGRL. Ensuing cholesterol transport to the liver with excretion into the bile may reduce cholesterol influx in the arterial wall by accelerating removal from circulation of atherogenic, cholesterol-rich TGRL remnants. Such novel function of HDL opens wide therapeutic applications to reduce CVD in statin-treated patients, which primarily involve activation of cholesterol flux upon lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darabi
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
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21
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Maral H, Ulupınar S, Türk Baydır A, Özbay S, Altınkaynak K, Şebin E, Şiktar E, Kishalı NF, Buzdağlı Y, Gençoğlu C, İnce İ. Effect of Origanum dubium, Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, and Lavandula angustifolia essential oils on lipid profiles and liver biomarkers in athletes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 77:177-187. [PMID: 34496170 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effects of essential oils of Origanum dubium (DUB), Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum (HIR), and Lavandula angustifolia (LAV) on lipid profiles and liver biomarkers in athletes. Thirty-four trained athletes were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups or the control group (CON). The concentrations of serum lipids and liver biomarkers were assessed before and after the 14-day essential oil intervention. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed 68.0 and 82.1% carvacrol in DUB and HIR, respectively, and 34.50% linalyl acetate and 33.68% linalool in LAV essential oils. One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) indicated a significant difference (p = 0.001) among the groups for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) when the associated preintervention values were used as a covariate. The related pairwise comparisons revealed that DUB (p = 0.001) and HIR (p = 0.024) had greater HDL-C values than CON. From the two-way ANOVA, an interaction between time (before vs. after) and the groups (DUB vs. HIR vs. LAV vs. CON) was found for HDL-C (p = 0.030). Findings indicated a significant increase in DUB (p = 0.0001) and HIR (p = 0.010) for HDL-C, and there was a significant decrease in DUB (p = 0.023) for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, there was no difference in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and all liver biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Maral
- Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Ulupınar
- Department of Coaching Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Türk Baydır
- Food Control Research and Application Center, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Serhat Özbay
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Konca Altınkaynak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Şebin
- Erzurum Regional Research and Training Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Şiktar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Necip Fazıl Kishalı
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Buzdağlı
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cebrail Gençoğlu
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İzzet İnce
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Shih MK, Tain YL, Chen YW, Hsu WH, Yeh YT, Chang SKC, Liao JX, Hou CY. Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit Obesity Caused by Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A in Female Offspring Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134010. [PMID: 34209270 PMCID: PMC8271435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol butyrate esters (RBE) are derivatives of resveratrol (RSV) and butyric acid and exhibit biological activity similar to that of RSV but with higher bioavailability. The aim of this study was designed as an animal experiment to explore the effects of RBE on the serum biochemistry, and fat deposits in the offspring rats exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), along with the growth and decline of gut microbiota. We constructed an animal model of perinatal Bisphenol A (BPA) exposure to observe the effects of RBE supplementation on obesity, blood lipids, and intestinal microbiota in female offspring rats. Perinatal exposure to BPA led to weight gain, lipid accumulation, high levels of blood lipids, and deterioration of intestinal microbiota in female offspring rats. RBE supplementation reduced the weight gain and lipid accumulation caused by BPA, optimised the levels of blood lipids, significantly reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, and increased and decreased the abundance of S24-7 and Lactobacillus, respectively. The analysis of faecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels revealed that BPA exposure increased the faecal concentration of acetate, which could be reduced via RBE supplementation. However, the faecal concentrations of propionate and butyrate were not only significantly lower than that of acetate, but also did not significantly change in response to BPA exposure or RBE supplementation. Hence, RBE can suppress BPA-induced obesity in female offspring rats, and it demonstrates excellent modulatory activity on intestinal microbiota, with potential applications in perinatological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Kuei Shih
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, No.1, Songhe Rd., Xiaogang Dist., Kaohsiung City 812, Taiwan;
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow 333, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 831, Taiwan;
- Biomed Analysis Center, Fooyin University Hospital, Pingtung 928, Taiwan
| | - Sam K. C. Chang
- Experimental Seafood Processing Laboratory, Costal Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39567, USA;
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Jin-Xian Liao
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-985300345; Fax: +886-7-3640364
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23
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Gembillo G, Siligato R, Cernaro V, Satta E, Conti G, Salvo A, Romeo A, Calabrese V, Sposito G, Ferlazzo G, Santoro D. Monocyte to HDL ratio: a novel marker of resistant hypertension in CKD patients. Int Urol Nephrol 2021; 54:395-403. [PMID: 34109496 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-021-02904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation, oxidative stress (OS), atherosclerosis and resistant hypertension (RH) are common features of chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to a higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease. These effects seem to be modulated by impaired anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and reverse cholesterol transport actions of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). HDL prevents and reverses monocyte recruitment and activation into the arterial wall and impairs endothelial adhesion molecule expression. Recently, monocyte count to HDL-cholesterol ratio (MHR) has emerged as a potential marker of inflammation and OS, demonstrating to be relevant in CKD. Our research was aimed to assess, for the first time, its reliability in RH. METHODS We performed a retrospective study on 214 patients with CKD and arterial hypertension who were admitted between January and June 2019 to our Department, 72 of whom were diagnosed with RH. RESULTS MHR appeared inversely related to eGFR (ρ = - 0.163; P = 0.0172). MHR was significantly higher among RH patients compared to non-RH ones (12.39 [IQR 10.67-16.05] versus 7.30 [5.49-9.06]; P < 0.0001). Moreover, MHR was significantly different according to the number of anti-hypertensive drugs per patient in the whole study cohort (F = 46.723; P < 0.001) as well as in the non-RH group (F = 14.191; P < 0.001). Moreover, MHR positively correlates with diabetes mellitus (ρ = 0.253; P = 0.0002), white blood cells (ρ = 0.664; P < 0.0001) and C-reactive protein (ρ = 0.563; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS MHR may be a reliable biomarker due to the connection between HDL and monocytes. Our study suggests that MHR is linked with the use of multiple anti-hypertensive therapy and resistant hypertension in CKD patients, and can be a useful ratio to implement appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gembillo
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Rossella Siligato
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Cernaro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Satta
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Salvo
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Adolfo Romeo
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Sposito
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, AOU Policlinic "G Martino", University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, AOU Policlinic "G Martino", University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department of Human Pathology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy.
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24
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Mehra P, Anand A, Nagarathna R, Kaur N, Malik N, Singh A, Pannu V, Avti P, Patil S, Nagendra HR. Role of Mind-Body Intervention on Lipid Profile: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:168-172. [PMID: 34188391 PMCID: PMC8191221 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_51_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Yoga is a combination of physical-breathing and meditative techniques that assist in the unification of the mind-body, which improves the quality of life. It was shown that long-term Yoga practitioners had superior control over respiratory rate, reduced stress and anxiety, and a better-controlled lipid profile. Purpose We aimed to investigate the lipid profile of long-term yoga practitioners who were practicing yoga for more than 1 year in comparison with the nonyoga group. Methods A nationwide survey was conducted in which the long-term yoga practitioners (n = 76) and nonyoga practitioners (n = 80) were recruited for assessment for the lipid parameters. Results The mean (standard deviation) values of both groups were within normal range with serum cholesterol at 189.715 ± 20.4 and 180.88 ± 29.7 and triglycerides at 216.72 ± 92.5 and 207.665 ± 88.3, low-density lipoprotein at 126.65 ± 18.5 and 120.775 ± 26.5, and high-density lipoprotein at 47.17 ± 6.6 and 44.99 ± 7.0, respectively, in yoga and no-yoga groups. Conclusion The lipid profile values were similar in yoga and nonyoga practitioners in the 2017 survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mehra
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Research Lab, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Neurosciences Research Lab, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Centre for Mind Body Medicine, PGIMER, Panjab University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.,Centre for Cognitive Sciences, Phenomenology and Philosophy, Panjab University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Navneet Kaur
- Department o Physical Education, Panjab University, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Neeru Malik
- Dev Samaj College of Education, Panjab University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Singh
- S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Viraaj Pannu
- Government Medical College Hospital, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, Karnataka, India
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25
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Vitkov L, Muñoz LE, Knopf J, Schauer C, Oberthaler H, Minnich B, Hannig M, Herrmann M. Connection between Periodontitis-Induced Low-Grade Endotoxemia and Systemic Diseases: Neutrophils as Protagonists and Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4647. [PMID: 33925019 PMCID: PMC8125370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is considered a promoter of many systemic diseases, but the signaling pathways of this interconnection remain elusive. Recently, it became evident that certain microbial challenges promote a heightened response of myeloid cell populations to subsequent infections either with the same or other pathogens. This phenomenon involves changes in the cell epigenetic and transcription, and is referred to as ''trained immunity''. It acts via modulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). A main modulation driver is the sustained, persistent low-level transmission of lipopolysaccharide from the periodontal pocket into the peripheral blood. Subsequently, the neutrophil phenotype changes and neutrophils become hyper-responsive and prone to boosted formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Cytotoxic neutrophil proteases and histones are responsible for ulcer formations on the pocket epithelium, which foster bacteremia and endoxemia. The latter promote systemic low-grade inflammation (SLGI), a precondition for many systemic diseases and some of them, e.g., atherosclerosis, diabetes etc., can be triggered by SLGI alone. Either reverting the polarized neutrophils back to the homeostatic state or attenuation of neutrophil hyper-responsiveness in periodontitis might be an approach to diminish or even to prevent systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubomir Vitkov
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Luis E. Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Christine Schauer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
| | - Hannah Oberthaler
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Bernd Minnich
- Vascular & Exercise Biology Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.V.); (H.O.); (B.M.)
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91052 Erlangen, Germany; (L.E.M.); (J.K.); (C.S.); (M.H.)
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26
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Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) catalyze the synthesis of HCO3- from H2O and CO2. The dysfunction of CAs leads to aqueous humor secretion and high intraocular pressure to cause glaucoma pathogenesis. Methazolamide (MTZ), a CA inhibitor, can effectively treat glaucoma by reducing aqueous humor secretion. We previously reported that carbonic anhydrase I (CA1), a CA family member, was highly expressed in atherosclerotic tissues of the aorta and stimulated atherosclerosis (AS) by promoting calcification. MTZ showed therapeutic and preventive effects on AS in a mouse model. The above findings suggest a relationship between AS and glaucoma. This study explored the possible association between AS prevalence and glaucoma prevalence and the therapeutic effect of MTZ on AS by analyzing medical records. Among 10,751 patients with a primary diagnosis of glaucoma, 699 (6.5%) were also diagnosed with AS. However, the incidences of AS in patients with keratitis and scleritis, which are also ophthalmic diseases, were 2.5% (206/8383 patients) and 3.5% (46/1308 patients), respectively. In the population without ophthalmic records, the AS prevalence was only 1.9% (99,416/5,168,481 patients) (all p values between each group were below 0.001). Among 152,425 patients with a primary diagnosis of AS, 1245 (0.82%) were also diagnosed with glaucoma. Among 199,782 patients with a primary diagnosis of hypertension (excluding AS), 1149 (0.57%) were diagnosed with glaucoma, and among 5,313,433 patients without AS or hypertension, 9513 (0.18%) were diagnosed with glaucoma (all p values between each group were below 0.001). Additionally, among 14 patients who suffered from both AS and glaucoma and were treated with MTZ to cure their glaucoma, 9 of them showed reduced low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, the main index of AS, within 3 months after medication use (2.81 ± 0.61 mmol/L vs. 2.38 ± 0.58 mmol/L, p = 0.039). The above findings demonstrated a strong relation between AS and glaucoma and suggested that AS patients with glaucoma were more likely to suffer from angle-closure glaucoma.
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27
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Ribeiro de Lima JG, Abud GF, Freitas ECD, Bueno Júnior CR. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global health of women aged 50 to 70 years. Exp Gerontol 2021; 150:111349. [PMID: 33892133 PMCID: PMC8058051 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aim/background The most recent pandemic caused by the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) urged dramatic changes in people's lives. Potentially, the COVID-19 pandemic affects physical and mental health as well as behavioral and social aspects. However, the direct impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on health-related parameters are not yet known. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 16 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic on health-related parameters of physically inactive women aged 50 to 70 years. Methods Thirty-four physically inactive women participated in the study. We performed tests to evaluate aerobic capacity and muscle strength, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), blood parameters, diet, and physical activity levels. All evaluations were carried out before and 16 weeks after the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil (i.e., from March to July 2020). Results Systolic BP (p < .0001; effect size (ES) = 0.62), diastolic BP (p < .0001; ES = 0.71), grip strength of the right (p < .05; ES = 0.43) and left hand (p < .05; ES = 0.49), performance in six-minute walk test (p < .05; ES = 0.46), free time physical activity levels (p < .05; ES = 0.40), domestic physical activity levels (p < .05; ES = 0.39), platelet count (p < .0001; ES = 0.48), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p < .0001; ES = 1.14) reduced in comparison to the period before the pandemic. In contrast, glycated hemoglobin levels (p < .0001; ES = 0.77), triglycerides (p < .05; ES = 0.40), and insulin levels (p < .05; ES = 0.60) increased in comparison to the period before the pandemic. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the general health status of physically inactive women aged 50 to 70, potentially increasing their susceptibility to comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- João G Ribeiro de Lima
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela F Abud
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Paulista State University, SP, Brazil
| | - Ellen C de Freitas
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Araraquara, Paulista State University, SP, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Bueno Júnior
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil; School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Carbone F, Valente A, Perego C, Bertolotto M, Pane B, Spinella G, Palombo D, De Simoni MG, Montecucco F, Fumagalli S. Ficolin-2 serum levels predict the occurrence of acute coronary syndrome in patients with severe carotid artery stenosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105462. [PMID: 33513354 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE erosion of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques may cause life-threatening thromboembolic complications. There is indeed an urgent need to recognize a clear-cut biomarker able to identify vulnerable plaques. Here, we focused on circulating proteins belonging to the lectin pathway (LP) of complement activation. METHODS we analyzed mannose-binding lectin (MBL), ficolin-1, -2 and -3 (LP initiators) levels by ELISA in sera from n = 240 of an already published cohort of patients undergoing endarterectomy for severe carotid stenosis and followed-up until 18 months after surgery. Immunofluorescence followed by confocal and polarized light microscopy was used to detect LP initiator intraplaque localization. Spearman's rank test was drawn to investigate correlation between serum LP levels and circulating inflammatory proteins or intraplaque components. Survival analyses were then performed to test the predictive role of LP on long-term adverse outcome. RESULTS ficolins, but not MBL, correlated positively with 1) high circulating levels of inflammatory markers, including MPO, MMP-8, MMP-9, ICAM-1, osteopontin, neutrophil elastase, and; 2) immune cell intraplaque recruitment. Immunofluorescence showed ficolins in calcified plaques and ficolin-2 in cholesterol-enriched plaque regions in association with macrophages. In the multivariate survival analysis, ficolin-2 serum levels predicted a major adverse cardiovascular event during the follow-up, independently of symptomatic status and inflammatory markers (hazard ratio 38.6 [95 % CI 3.9-385.2]). CONCLUSIONS ficolins support intraplaque immune cell recruitment and inflammatory processes ultimately leading to plaque vulnerability. Especially for ficolin-2 a strong predictive value toward adverse cardiovascular events was demonstrated. This evidence offers potentially new pharmacological target to dampen the inflammatory mechanisms leading to plaque vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessia Valente
- Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Perego
- Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Bertolotto
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bianca Pane
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Spinella
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Domenico Palombo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa - Italian Cardiovascular Network, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy; First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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29
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Sawant S, Tucker B, Senanayake P, Waters DD, Patel S, Rye KA, Ong KL, Cochran BJ. The association between lipid levels and leukocyte count: A cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of three large cohorts. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 4:100024. [PMID: 38559680 PMCID: PMC10976292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2021.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Relationships between dyslipidaemia and leukocyte counts have been investigated in several studies, demonstrating limited evidence of associations in humans. As such, studying a diverse range of cohorts will ensure evidence is robust. This study focused on investigating cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships in three large-scale cohorts. Methods The cross-sectional analysis included a total of 27,566 participants with valid data on lipid measures and leukocyte counts from three study cohorts: National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES), Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) and Treating to New Targets (TNT) trial. The longitudinal analysis included 9323 participants with valid data on lipid measures and leukocyte counts at baseline and one year with statin treatment. Associations between lipid levels and leukocyte counts were analysed by multivariable linear regression and adjusted for basic demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Results Cross-sectional data from NHANES demonstrated the association of lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and higher triglycerides with higher leukocyte count (0.9% lower and 0.3% higher count per 10 mg/dL increase in HDL cholesterol and triglycerides respectively, both p < 0.001). Similar trends were found in TNT trial (both p < 0.001), but not in KNHANES. In the TNT trial, 10 mg/dL increase in triglycerides over one year was also associated with a 0.09 × 103/μL increase in leukocyte count over the same period. Conclusions The findings of this study are consistent with those of previous human studies, supporting weak yet noteworthy associations between dyslipidaemia and leukocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley Tucker
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - David D. Waters
- Division of Cardiology, San Francisco General Hospital and the University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kwok Leung Ong
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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30
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Song B, Dai D, Liu S, Zhu Z, Ding F, Zhu J, Zhang R. Optimal timing of coronary angiograms for patients with chronic kidney disease: association between the duration of kidney dysfunction and SYNTAX scores. Ren Fail 2021; 43:307-312. [PMID: 33538236 PMCID: PMC8901285 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1880936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased risk of the progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). However, there are few data on the relationship between CAD severity and the duration of CKD. This study assessed the predictive value of the duration of kidney dysfunction in CKD patients with CAD severity. Methods In 145 patients (63.4% male, n = 92; mean age, 68.8 ± 12.8 years) with CKD, severity of CAD was assessed by coronary angiography and quantified by SYNTAX scores, and duration of kidney dysfunction was either assessed by checking historical biochemical parameters of individuals or was based on enquiries. Results Patients with high SYNTAX scores (≥ 22) had a greater prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors including age, gender, history of heart failure and smoking. In CKD patients, SYNTAX scores were positively correlated to duration of CKD and serum uric acid (UA), and negatively correlated to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and ApoA1 levels. Univariate binary logistic regression and multivariate logistic analyses showed that SYNTAX scores correlated significantly with CKD duration, UA, and HDL-C. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to explore a time point when coronary angiography application was economical and effective and yielded a Youden index of 6.5 years. Conclusions Together, our results demonstrated that the duration of kidney dysfunction was an independent correlate of the severity of CAD in patients with CKD. Our findings suggest that coronary angiography should be considered for CKD patients with renal insufficiency having lasted for more than 6.5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Song
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Daopeng Dai
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shengjun Liu
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Ding
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Vascular & Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Yu L, Lu H, Yang X, Li R, Shi J, Yu Y, Ma C, Sun F, Zhang S, Zhang F. Diosgenin alleviates hypercholesterolemia via SRB1/CES-1/CYP7A1/FXR pathway in high-fat diet-fed rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 412:115388. [PMID: 33383043 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterol diosgenin (DG) exhibits cholesterol-lowering properties. Few studies focused on the underlying mechanism of DG attenuation of hypercholesterolemia by promoting cholesterol metabolism. To investigate the roles of SRB1/CES-1/CYP7A1/FXR pathways in accelerating cholesterol elimination and alleviating hypercholesterolemia, a rat model of hypercholesterolemia was induced by providing a high-fat diet (HFD). Experimental rat models were randomly divided into a normal control (Con) group, HFD group, low-dose DG (LDG) group (150 mg/kg/d), high-dose DG (HDG) group (300 mg/kg) and Simvastatin (Sim) group (4 mg/kg/d). Body weights, serum and hepatic lipid parameters of rats were tested. The expression levels of scavenger receptor class B type I (SRB1), carboxylesterase-1 (CES-1), cholesterol7α- hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) were determined. The results showed that DG reduced weight and lowered lipid levels in HFD-fed rats. Pathological morphology analyses revealed that DG notably improved hepatic steatosis and intestinal structure. Further studies showed the increased hepatic SRB1, CES-1, CYP7A1 and inhibited FXR-mediated signaling in DG-fed rats, which contributing to the decrease of hepatic cholesterol. DG also increased intestinal SRB1 and CES-1, inhibiting cholesterol absorption and promoting RCT. The expression levels of these receptors in the HDG group were higher than LDG and Sim groups. These data suggested that DG accelerated reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and enhanced cholesterol elimination via SRB1/CES-1/CYP7A1/FXR pathway, and DG might be a new candidate for the alleviation of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Haifei Lu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Xiufen Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Ruoqi Li
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Yantong Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Chaoqun Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Fengcui Sun
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Shizhao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China.
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Ferrer-Suay S, Alonso-Iglesias E, Tortajada-Girbés M, Carrasco-Luna J, Codoñer-Franch P. Vitamin D receptor gene ApaI and FokI polymorphisms and its association with inflammation and oxidative stress in vitamin D sufficient Caucasian Spanish children. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:103-111. [PMID: 33633942 PMCID: PMC7882298 DOI: 10.21037/tp-20-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D has gone from being just one vitamin to being an important prohormone with multiple effects on different tissue types. The mechanism of action of the active form or calcitriol is mediated by the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR). The interaction of the VDR with calcitriol modulates the expression of target genes involved in cell proliferation and cytokine production. Several studies have explored the effects of vitamin D deficiency in inflammatory disorders. Furthermore, some mutations in the VDR can affect its functionality. The focus of this study was to explore associations between VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in vitamin D sufficient children. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of a Caucasian Spanish population including 155 healthy children (87 males, 68 females) aged 10 to 14 years. FokI, ApaI and TaqI SNPs of the VDR gene were genotyped. Routine biochemistry, serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, 8-isoprostaglandin F2α and nitrates were determined. RESULTS The homozygous major allele AA in the FokI SNP was associated with increased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a recessive inheritance mode (P=0.025). The minor allele A of ApaI was significantly associated with decreased serum tumor necrosis factor-α and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α in an additive mode (P=0.016 and P=0.020 respectively). No significant associations were observed between the TaqI SNP and any of the parameters evaluated. Haplotype analysis confirmed the significance of the relationships between ApaI and FokI SNPs and parameters associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variations of VDR are associated with subtle changes in metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. These results may provide a better understanding of the relationships between vitamin D and these clinical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrer-Suay
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Tortajada-Girbés
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Service of Pediatrics, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Carrasco-Luna
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Experimental Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Codoñer-Franch
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Service of Pediatrics, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
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33
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Cisneros‐Yupanqui M, Lante A, Mihaylova D, Krastanov AI, Vílchez‐Perales C. Impact of consumption of cooked red and blackChenopodium quinoaWilld. over blood lipids, oxidative stress, and blood glucose levels in hypertension‐induced rats. Cereal Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miluska Cisneros‐Yupanqui
- Departamento de Nutrición Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina ‐ UNALM La Molina Peru
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment – DAFNAE University of Padova Agripolis Italy
| | - Anna Lante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment – DAFNAE University of Padova Agripolis Italy
| | - Dasha Mihaylova
- Department of Biotechnology University of Food Technologies Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - Albert I. Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology University of Food Technologies Plovdiv Bulgaria
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The Role of HDL and HDL Mimetic Peptides as Potential Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091276. [PMID: 32899606 PMCID: PMC7563116 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the cardiovascular system has been extensively studied and the cardioprotective effects of HDL are well established. As HDL particles are formed both in the systemic circulation and in the central nervous system, the role of HDL and its associated apolipoproteins in the brain has attracted much research interest in recent years. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia worldwide, for which there currently exists no approved disease modifying treatment. Multiple lines of evidence, including a number of large-scale human clinical studies, have shown a robust connection between HDL levels and AD. Low levels of HDL are associated with increased risk and severity of AD, whereas high levels of HDL are correlated with superior cognitive function. Although the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of HDL in the brain are not fully understood, many of the functions of HDL, including reverse lipid/cholesterol transport, anti-inflammation/immune modulation, anti-oxidation, microvessel endothelial protection, and proteopathy modification, are thought to be critical for its beneficial effects. This review describes the current evidence for the role of HDL in AD and the potential of using small peptides mimicking HDL or its associated apolipoproteins (HDL-mimetic peptides) as therapeutics to treat AD.
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35
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Huerta-Delgado AS, Roffe-Vazquez DN, Gonzalez-Gil AM, Villarreal-Calderón JR, Tamez-Rivera O, Rodriguez-Gutierrez NA, Castillo EC, Silva-Platas C, Garcia-Rivas G, Elizondo-Montemayor L. Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:1949415. [PMID: 32964051 PMCID: PMC7492943 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1949415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased in the pediatric population. Irisin, an adipomyokine, is involved in white adipose tissue browning, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory pathways. Data on the associations among circulating irisin levels, soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs), and inflammatory cytokines is scarce in children and adolescents with MetS and T2DM. Subjects aged 6-16 years were grouped into T2DM, MetS, and healthy controls. Serum irisin levels were significantly lower in the MetS (6.6 [2.8-18.0] ng/mL) and T2DM (6.8 [2.2-23.2] ng/mL) groups compared with controls (30.3 [24.6-57.1] ng/mL). Negative correlations between irisin and the BMI percentile (R = -0.358), WC percentile (R = -0.308), and triglycerides (R = -0.284) were identified, while positive associations with TC (R = 0.287), HDL-c (R = 0.488), and LDL-c (R = 0.414) were observed. Significant negative correlations were found between irisin and sNCAM (R = -0.382), sICAM-2 (R = -0.300), sVCAM-1 (R = -0.292), MCP-1 (R = -0.308), and IFN-α2 (R = -0.406). Of note, lower concentrations of most sCAMs (sICAM-1, sPSGL-1, sP-selectin, sEpCAM, sICAM-2, sALCAM, sPECAM-1, sCD44, sVCAM-1, sICAM-3, sL-selectin, and sNCAM) were shown in T2DM subjects compared with MetS patients. Lower irisin levels induce a lack of inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. In T2DM, higher ROS, AGEs, glucotoxicity, and inflammation trigger endothelial cell apoptosis, which downregulates the sCAM expression as a compensatory mechanism to prevent further vascular damage. In opposition, in subjects with MetS that have not yet developed T2DM and its accompanying stressors, the upregulation of the sCAM expression is ensued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Huerta-Delgado
- Center for Research in Obesity and Clinical Nutrition, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Escuela de Medicina, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
| | - Daniel N. Roffe-Vazquez
- Center for Research in Obesity and Clinical Nutrition, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Escuela de Medicina, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
| | - Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Center for Research in Obesity and Clinical Nutrition, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Escuela de Medicina, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
| | - José R. Villarreal-Calderón
- Center for Research in Obesity and Clinical Nutrition, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Escuela de Medicina, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
| | - Oscar Tamez-Rivera
- Department of Pediatrics, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza-Garcia 66278, Mexico
| | | | - Elena C. Castillo
- Center for Biomedical Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza-Garcia 66278, Mexico
| | - Christian Silva-Platas
- Center for Biomedical Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza-Garcia 66278, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Rivas
- Center for Biomedical Research, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza-Garcia 66278, Mexico
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza-Garcia 66278, Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Center for Research in Obesity and Clinical Nutrition, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Escuela de Medicina, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
- Cardiovascular Medicine and Metabolomics Research Group, Tecnologico de Monterrey-Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza-Garcia 66278, Mexico
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36
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Ouyang J, Shu Z, Chen S, Xiang H, Lu H. The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate and its receptors in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:10290-10301. [PMID: 32803879 PMCID: PMC7521328 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are many different types of cardiovascular diseases, which impose a huge economic burden due to their extremely high mortality rates, so it is necessary to explore the underlying mechanisms to achieve better supportive and curative care outcomes. Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid mediator with paracrine and autocrine activities that acts through its cell surface S1P receptors (S1PRs) and intracellular signals. In the circulatory system, S1P is indispensable for both normal and disease conditions; however, there are very different views on its diverse roles, and its specific relevance to cardiovascular pathogenesis remains elusive. Here, we review the synthesis, release and functions of S1P, specifically detail the roles of S1P and S1PRs in some common cardiovascular diseases, and then address several controversial points, finally, we focus on the development of S1P‐based therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular diseases, such as the selective S1PR1 modulator amiselimod (MT‐1303) and the non‐selective S1PR1 and S1PR3 agonist fingolimod, which may provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ouyang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihao Shu
- Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Cardiology, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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37
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Amaya-Montoya M, Pinzón-Cortés JA, Silva-Bermúdez LS, Ruiz-Manco D, Pérez-Matos MC, Jiménez-Mora MA, Mendivil CO. ApoE and apoC-III-defined HDL subtypes: a descriptive study of their lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein content and activity. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:106. [PMID: 32450892 PMCID: PMC7249299 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The functionality of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is a better cardiovascular risk predictor than HDL concentrations. One of the key elements of HDL functionality is its apolipoprotein composition. Lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and cholesterol-ester transfer protein (CETP) are enzymes involved in HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport. This study assessed the concentration and activity of LCAT and CETP in HDL subspecies defined by their content of apolipoproteins E (apoE) and C-III (apoC-III) in humans. Methods Eighteen adults (ten women and eight men, mean age 55.6, BMI 26.9 Kg/m2, HbA1c 5.4%) were studied. HDL from each participant were isolated and divided into four subspecies containing respectively: No apoE and no apoC-III (E-C-), apoE but not apoC-III (E + C-), apoC-III but no apoE (E-C+) and both apoE and apoC-III (E + C+). The concentration and enzymatic activity of LCAT and CETP were measured within each HDL subspecies using immunoenzymatic and fluorometric methods. Additionally, the size distribution of HDL in each apolipoprotein-defined fraction was determined using non-denaturing electrophoresis and anti-apoA-I western blotting. Results HDL without apoE or apoC-III was the predominant HDL subtype. The size distribution of HDL was very similar in all the four apolipoprotein-defined subtypes. LCAT was most abundant in E-C- HDL (3.58 mg/mL, 59.6% of plasma LCAT mass), while HDL with apoE or apoC-III had much less LCAT (19.8, 12.2 and 8.37% of plasma LCAT respectively for E + C-, E-C+ and E + C+). LCAT mass was lower in E + C- HDL relative to E-C- HDL, but LCAT activity was similar in both fractions, signaling a greater activity-to-mass ratio associated with the presence of apoE. Both CETP mass and CETP activity showed only slight variations across HDL subspecies. There was an inverse correlation between plasma LCAT activity and concentrations of both E-C+ pre-beta HDL (r = − 0.55, P = 0.017) and E-C- alpha 1 HDL (r = − 0.49, P = 0.041). Conversely, there was a direct correlation between plasma CETP activity and concentrations of E-C+ alpha 1 HDL (r = 0.52, P = 0.025). Conclusions The presence of apoE in small HDL is correlated with increased LCAT activity and esterification of plasma cholesterol. These results favor an interpretation that LCAT and apoE interact to enhance anti-atherogenic pathways of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Amaya-Montoya
- Universidad de los Andes Medical School, Carrera 7 # 116-05, Of. 413, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jairo A Pinzón-Cortés
- Universidad de los Andes Medical School, Carrera 7 # 116-05, Of. 413, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lina S Silva-Bermúdez
- Universidad de los Andes Medical School, Carrera 7 # 116-05, Of. 413, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel Ruiz-Manco
- Universidad de los Andes Medical School, Carrera 7 # 116-05, Of. 413, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria C Pérez-Matos
- Universidad de los Andes Medical School, Carrera 7 # 116-05, Of. 413, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mario A Jiménez-Mora
- Universidad de los Andes Medical School, Carrera 7 # 116-05, Of. 413, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos O Mendivil
- Universidad de los Andes Medical School, Carrera 7 # 116-05, Of. 413, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Section of Endocrinology, Carrera 7 No. 117 - 15, Bogotá, Colombia.
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38
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Jozefczuk E, Guzik TJ, Siedlinski M. Significance of sphingosine-1-phosphate in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104793. [PMID: 32278039 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a signaling lipid, synthetized by sphingosine kinases (SPHK1 and SPHK2), that affects cardiovascular function in various ways. S1P signaling is complex, particularly since its molecular action is reliant on the differential expression of its receptors (S1PR1, S1PR2, S1PR3, S1PR4, S1PR5) within various tissues. Significance of this sphingolipid is manifested early in vertebrate development as certain defects in S1P signaling result in embryonic lethality due to defective vasculo- or cardiogenesis. Similar in the mature organism, S1P orchestrates both physiological and pathological processes occurring in the heart and vasculature of higher eukaryotes. S1P regulates cell fate, vascular tone, endothelial function and integrity as well as lymphocyte trafficking, thus disbalance in its production and signaling has been linked with development of such pathologies as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and aberrant angiogenesis. Number of signaling mechanisms are critical - from endothelial nitric oxide synthase through STAT3, MAPK and Akt pathways to HDL particles involved in redox and inflammatory balance. Moreover, S1P controls both acute cardiac responses (cardiac inotropy and chronotropy), as well as chronic processes (such as apoptosis and hypertrophy), hence numerous studies demonstrate significance of S1P in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic/fibrotic heart disease, myocardial infarction and heart failure. This review presents current knowledge concerning the role of S1P in the cardiovascular system, as well as potential therapeutic approaches to target S1P signaling in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Jozefczuk
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - T J Guzik
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Siedlinski
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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39
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Lemes RMR, Silva CADME, Marques MÂDM, Atella GC, Nery JADC, Nogueira MRS, Rosa PS, Soares CT, De P, Chatterjee D, Pessolani MCV, de Macedo CS. Altered composition and functional profile of high-density lipoprotein in leprosy patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008138. [PMID: 32226013 PMCID: PMC7145193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The changes in host lipid metabolism during leprosy have been correlated to fatty acid alterations in serum and with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) dysfunctionality. This is most evident in multibacillary leprosy patients (Mb), who present an accumulation of host lipids in Schwann cells and macrophages. This accumulation in host peripheral tissues should be withdrawn by HDL, but it is unclear why this lipoprotein from Mb patients loses this function. To investigate HDL metabolism changes during the course of leprosy, HDL composition and functionality of Mb, Pb patients (paucibacillary) pre- or post-multidrug therapy (MDT) and HC (healthy controls) were analyzed. Mb pre-MDT patients presented lower levels of HDL-cholesterol compared to HC. Moreover, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry lipidomics of HDL showed an altered lipid profile of Mb pre-MDT compared to HC and Pb patients. In functional tests, HDL from Mb pre-MDT patients showed impaired anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress activities and a lower cholesterol acceptor capacity compared to other groups. Mb pre-MDT showed lower concentrations of ApoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I), the major HDL protein, when compared to HC, with a post-MDT recovery. Changes in ApoA-I expression could also be observed in M. leprae-infected hepatic cells. The presence of bacilli in the liver of a Mb patient, along with cell damage, indicated hepatic involvement during leprosy, which may reflect on ApoA-I expression. Together, altered compositional and functional profiles observed on HDL of Mb patients can explain metabolic and physiological changes observed in Mb leprosy, contributing to a better understanding of its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertha Mariana R. Lemes
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adriano de M. e Silva
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maria Ângela de M. Marques
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Georgia C. Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídeos e Lipoproteínas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Augusto da C. Nery
- Ambulatório Souza Araújo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Prithwiraj De
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Delphi Chatterjee
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Maria Cristina V. Pessolani
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiana S. de Macedo
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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40
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Xu Y, Li F, Zhao X, Tan C, Wang B, Chen Y, Cao J, Wu D, Yu H. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A attenuates atherosclerosis via repairing dysfunctional HDL in scavenger receptor class B type I deficient mice. FASEB J 2020; 34:3805-3819. [PMID: 31975555 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902429r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL), a well-known atheroprotective factor, can be converted to proatherogenic particles in chronic inflammation. HDL-targeted therapeutic strategy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently under development. This study aims to assess the role of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) in abnormal HDL and its related disorders in scavenger receptor class B type I deficient (SR-BI-/- ) mice. First, we demonstrated that MsrA overexpression attenuated ROS level and inflammation in HepG2 cells. For the in vivo study, SR-BI-/- mice were intravenously injected with lentivirus to achieve hepatic MsrA overexpression. High-level hepatic MsrA significantly reduced the plasma free cholesterol contents, improved HDL functional proteins apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI), apoE, paraoxonase1 (PON1), and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), while decreased the pro-inflammatory property of dysfunctional HDL, contributing to reduced atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis in Western diet-fed mice. Furthermore, the study revealed that hepatic MsrA altered the expression of several genes controlling HDL biogenesis, cholesterol esterification, cholesterol uptake mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and biliary excretion, as well as suppressed nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which largely relied on liver X receptor alpha (LXRα)-upregulation. These results provide original evidence that MsrA may be a promising target for the therapy of dysfunctional HDL-related CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenkun Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Binyi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongfang Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Apolipoprotein A-I primes beta cells to increase glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165613. [PMID: 31765698 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The increase of plasma levels of high-density lipoproteins and Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), its main protein component, has been shown to have a positive action on glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients. The current study investigates the unexplored function of ApoA-I to prime beta cells for improved insulin secretion. INS-1E rat clonal beta cells as well as isolated murine islets were used to study the effect of ApoA-I on responsiveness of the beta cells to high glucose challenge. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy were used to dissect ApoA-I mechanisms of action. Chemical endocytosis blockers were used to understand the role of ApoA-I internalization in mediating its positive effect. Pre-incubation of beta cells and isolated murine islets with ApoA-I augmented glucose stimulated insulin secretion. This effect appeared to be due to an increased reservoir of insulin granules at the cell membrane, as confirmed by confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, ApoA-I induced pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) shuttling from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, with the subsequent increase in the proinsulin processing enzyme protein convertase 1 (PC1/3). Finally, the blockade of ApoA-I endocytosis in beta cells resulted in a loss of ApoA-I positive action on insulin secretion. The proposed mechanisms of the phenomenon here described include ApoA-I internalization into beta cells, PDX1 nuclear translocation, and increased levels of proinsulin processing enzymes. Altogether, these events lead to an increased number of insulin granules.
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Short-term treatment with high dose liraglutide improves lipid and lipoprotein profile and changes hormonal mediators of lipid metabolism in obese patients with no overt type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over, double-blind clinical trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:141. [PMID: 31672146 PMCID: PMC6823961 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term treatment with up to 1.8 mg liraglutide improves cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is currently under investigation in subjects without diabetes. Aim of our study was to investigate whether high dose (3 mg) short-term (5 weeks) treatment with liraglutide in obese patients with no overt type 2 diabetes affects metabolites, lipid and lipoprotein profile and components of activin-follistatin axis in cardiovascular beneficial or detrimental way. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty obese patients participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over, double-blind study and were administrated liraglutide 3 mg or placebo for 5 weeks. Metabolites, fatty acids, lipid-lipoprotein profile and concentrations of activins and follistatins (250 parameters) were assessed in serum at start and completion of each treatment. RESULTS Concentrations of important cardiovascular markers such as total, free and remnant cholesterol were reduced with liraglutide before and after adjusting for weight loss. Similarly, reductions in number of small and medium size LDL particles and in their total lipid concentration were observed with liraglutide and partially weight-loss related. Tyrosine levels were reduced and behenic acid levels were increased whereas only minor changes were observed in HDL, VLDL and IDL. Concentrations of activin AB and follistatin were significantly reduced in liraglutide-treated group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of obese patients without overt type 2 diabetes with high dose of liraglutide for a short period of time induces changes in lipid-lipoprotein and hormonal profile that are suggestive of lower risk of atherosclerosis and CVD. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02944500. Study ID Number 2015P000327. Registered November 2016.
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Increased Expression of Meteorin-Like Hormone in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity and Its Association with Irisin. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101283. [PMID: 31635130 PMCID: PMC6829873 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing pandemic associated with metabolic dysregulation and chronic inflammation. Meteorin-like hormone (METRNL) is an adipomyokine that is linked to T2D. Our objective was to evaluate the changes in METRNL levels in T2D and obesity and assess the association of METRNL levels with irisin. Overall, 228 Arab individuals were enrolled. Plasma levels of METRNL and irisin were assessed using immunoassay. Plasma levels of METRNL and irisin were significantly higher in T2D patients than in non-diabetic patients (p < 0.05). When the population was stratified based on obesity, METRNL and irisin levels were significantly higher in obese than in non-obese individuals (p < 0.05). We found a significant positive correlation between METRNL and irisin (r = 0.233 and p = 0.001). Additionally, METRNL and irisin showed significant correlation with various metabolic biomarkers associated with T2D and Obesity. Our data shows elevated METRNL plasma levels in individuals with T2D, further exacerbated with obesity. Additionally, a strong positive association was observed between METRNL and irisin. Further studies are necessary to examine the role of these proteins in T2D and obesity, against their ethnic background and to understand the mechanistic significance of their possible interplay.
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Yang Z, Yin J, Wang Y, Wang J, Xia B, Li T, Yang X, Hu S, Ji C, Guo S. The fucoidan A3 from the seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum enhances RCT-related genes expression in hyperlipidemic C57BL/6J mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:759-769. [PMID: 31100394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) has been demonstrated to reduce hyperlipidemia, and fucoidans are found to possess hypolipidemic effect. This study was designed to investigate the lipid-lowering effect of the fucoidan from the brown seaweed A. nodosum and whether it improves RCT-related genes expression in C57 BL/6J mice. Our results indicated that fucoidan A3 (100 mg/kg/day) intervention significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol (~23.2%), triglyceride (~48.7%) and fat pad index. This fucoidan significantly increased the mRNA expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1), cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase A1 (CYP7A1), liver X receptor (LXR) β, ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC) A1 and sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1c, and decreased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, however, it had no effect on the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, PPARα, LXRα, SREBP-2, ABCG1, ABCG8 and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. These results demonstrated that this fucoidan improved lipid transfer from plasma to the liver by activating SR-B1 and LDLR, and up-regulated lipid metabolism by activating LXRβ, ABCA1 and CYP7A1. In conclusion, this fucoidan lowers lipid by enhancing RCT-related genes expression, and it can be explored as a potential candidate for prevention or treatment of lipid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China; College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Shumei Hu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Chenfeng Ji
- College of Pharmacy Engineering Research Center for Medicine, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China.
| | - Shoudong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Button EB, Boyce GK, Wilkinson A, Stukas S, Hayat A, Fan J, Wadsworth BJ, Robert J, Martens KM, Wellington CL. ApoA-I deficiency increases cortical amyloid deposition, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cortical and hippocampal astrogliosis, and amyloid-associated astrocyte reactivity in APP/PS1 mice. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2019; 11:44. [PMID: 31084613 PMCID: PMC6515644 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-019-0497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is defined by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles and characterized by neurodegeneration and memory loss. The majority of AD patients also have Aβ deposition in cerebral vessels known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), microhemorrhages, and vascular co-morbidities, suggesting that cerebrovascular dysfunction contributes to AD etiology. Promoting cerebrovascular resilience may therefore be a promising therapeutic or preventative strategy for AD. Plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have several vasoprotective functions and are associated with reduced AD risk in some epidemiological studies and with reduced Aβ deposition and Aβ-induced inflammation in 3D engineered human cerebral vessels. In mice, deficiency of apoA-I, the primary protein component of HDL, increases CAA and cognitive dysfunction, whereas overexpression of apoA-I from its native promoter in liver and intestine has the opposite effect and lessens neuroinflammation. Similarly, acute peripheral administration of HDL reduces soluble Aβ pools in the brain and some studies have observed reduced CAA as well. Here, we expand upon the known effects of plasma HDL in mouse models and in vitro 3D artery models to investigate the interaction of amyloid, astrocytes, and HDL on the cerebrovasculature in APP/PS1 mice. Methods APP/PS1 mice deficient or hemizygous for Apoa1 were aged to 12 months. Plasma lipids, amyloid plaque deposition, Aβ protein levels, protein and mRNA markers of neuroinflammation, and astrogliosis were assessed using ELISA, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. Contextual and cued fear conditioning were used to assess behavior. Results In APP/PS1 mice, complete apoA-I deficiency increased total and vascular Aβ deposition in the cortex but not the hippocampus compared to APP/PS1 littermate controls hemizygous for apoA-I. Markers of both general and vascular neuroinflammation, including Il1b mRNA, ICAM-1 protein, PDGFRβ protein, and GFAP protein, were elevated in apoA-I-deficient APP/PS1 mice. Additionally, apoA-I-deficient APP/PS1 mice had elevated levels of vascular-associated ICAM-1 in the cortex and hippocampus and vascular-associated GFAP in the cortex. A striking observation was that astrocytes associated with cerebral vessels laden with Aβ or associated with Aβ plaques showed increased reactivity in APP/PS1 mice lacking apoA-I. No behavioral changes were observed. Conclusions ApoA-I-containing HDL can reduce amyloid pathology and astrocyte reactivity to parenchymal and vascular amyloid in APP/PS1 mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-019-0497-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Guilaine K Boyce
- Department of Surgery, Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Anna Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Sophie Stukas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Arooj Hayat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jianjia Fan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Brennan J Wadsworth
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Jerome Robert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Kris M Martens
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2B5, Canada.
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Burnett JR, Hooper AJ, Hegele RA. Lipids and cardiovascular disease. Pathology 2018; 51:129-130. [PMID: 30595506 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John R Burnett
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Amanda J Hooper
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Perth Hospital and Fiona Stanley Hospital Network, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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